Steve, last December you published an op-ed titled a five point plan to save Harvard from itself in the Boston Globe. You wrote that Harvard is now the place where using the wrong pronoun is a hanging offense, but calling for another Holocaust depends on context.  Can you bring us up to date on the climate at Harvard? And we'll go from Harvard to a larger academic setting, but how are things going there? It seems as if free speech was embraced by the former president of Harvard and by many people in the institution, but is it a real commitment to free speech and intellectual seriousness? Yeah, well, Harvard's a big place and there is a diversity of opinion in co-founding the council on academic freedom at Harvard. There was a rush of faculty joining us, but still a small percentage of the faculty. Many of them vocal, many of them for the first time had an opportunity to just communicate with themselves across the sprawling multiple campuses at Harvard. Many are upset at the direction that Harvard and other elite universities have taken in restricting the range of expressible opinions to a pretty narrow slice of the spectrum, to criminalizing certain opinions, to getting into needless trouble by taking by university, taking stands that really should be the prerogative of its students and faculty, that there isn't any reason that a university should have a foreign policy or should, and in general, at the level of discourse where just calling someone a racist is considered a counter-argument or a refutation. So we formed this council to try to push back, to try to offer emotional support to those who are under attack, because it can be devastating to be the target of a cancellation campaign, to also be a constituency that would, while activists are yelling into an administrator's ear and a lot of the problems that universities have faced have come from the fact that deans and provosts and presidents just wanna make trouble go away.  So we figure if we also yell at them, then they'll actually have to think about what's the optimal thing to do rather than just do what makes the noise go down. Do you feel like it's having, I mean, that this time it's different, that this time it's different? There have been flare-ups in the past, but it seems like the outrage over the response to, I mean, it was really the congressional hearing about the college responses to the attacks by Hamas on Israel, you know, is it different this time? I think so, that Harvard itself and is in a kind of crisis by its own standards, which is to say that donations are down. And so. And so. And so. And so. It doesn't really need the money, but it wants the money, right? Yes. And applications are down. It's become a national joke. I have a collection of memes and headlines and bumper stickers, like the bumper sticker my son didn't get into Harvard. Editorial cartoon of a corporate guy saying, this guy has a stellar resume, straight A's, top scores, didn't go to Harvard. So the reputation, which is something that, which is a huge resource that Harvard has drawn on, is threatened. And when it's threatened, a lot of Harvard's comparative advantage will also be threatened. Now, Harvard has a lot of money, but it also can, to some extent, coast on its reputation. And it can only go down, right? I mean, for the longest time. And at least if the past few months are an indication it is.  I mean, the affirmative action case that Harvard lost, does that play into the sense that, okay, like Harvard has been moving in the wrong direction for a long period of time and needs to kind of back up and get back on the highway? Yeah, it did, it certainly got Harvard's attention. And the fact that it is, it does have an outsized reputation means that it has a certain cushion that it doesn't necessarily, not every department has to compete to be the best in the country because people, students will come, graduate students will come, donors will give. And so they're saying that like psychology doesn't really have to work very hard at all, right? Well, it, I mean, psychology has gone through waves and my former colleague Steve Costlin is here who made it the, I think the best department in the country when he was a chair and working behind the scenes, which is one of the reasons that I decamped MIT for Harvard almost 20, well, more than 20 years ago. But the actual quality of departments can go up and down but Harvard has a certain buffer because of its reputation, which is now being threatened. And a lot of the things that we're proposing would actually, we like, we meaning the council on academic freedom would actually take some, leave some headaches on the administration itself, even though their prime driver is to avoid bad publicity, keep the donations going. But a lot of the trouble, especially that our former president, Claudine Gay found herself in, could have been avoided if Harvard did have a more robust academic freedom policy, among other things. What do you mean by that? That plagiarism would have been allowed under a more, well, I'm joking, but you in the op ed that you had written, you said you didn't think that it was a hanging offense, gay's appearance in the, in response in the congressional hearing. That was before the plagiarism came out. Yes, that was before. Is the plagiarism, was that a legitimate firing offense or is that kind of a side issue? For me, it was a side issue. And I think I just won't go there because it's a, I mean, that was her. She was, her testimony did not differ from the other two elite university presidents. Only one is left, right? The MIT president. Liz McGill left even before and Sally Cornblath is still a president of MIT, although also under fire. But I think focusing on Claudine Gay was a bit of a distraction because the problems are more, as we say, systemic. But among them are the fact that universities feel that they have to, universities and their divisions that they have to offer moral guidance, some sort of pastoral counseling to a grateful nation, what they ought to feel in response to various tragedies and outrageous, and that inevitably gets them into trouble because someone will think they haven't, it was too early, it was too late, it was too strong, it was only one side was represented, they were two on the other hand.  As the University of Chicago has done for more than 50 years, it would just get them off the hook. They don't have to comment on Ukraine. So that's the institution of neutrality. And Chicago, it does sticks by that pretty well. That is, if a department or a center puts up a statement, then they're under pressure to take it down. And the reason that it's relevant to academic freedom is that it's just prejudicial to the people working in the university, or in particular in the departments, if your department chair is posting some opinion on police shootings or Palestine or Ukraine. Donald Trump, I'm sure that happens a lot. Yeah, we love Trump, I love Trump, my department loves Trump right all the time. All the time, yes. But it is prejudicial to the faculty and the students who have to worry are my professional prospects at stake if I take a position that differs from the official one on my department website. In your world of institution of neutrality, would individual faculty be free to issue them students and everything? Yeah, absolutely. It's just that the institution itself should be the arena, it should be the debating club. It shouldn't actually be a debater. Right. And that leads into one of the five principles the next one, after institution of neutrality was non-violence, which seems insane, right? That you have to say, the colleges should be mostly non-violent places. But how does that fit in? Yeah, again, I think we'd be actually saving the university from themselves. But the idea that a legitimate form of expression of opinion in a university campus should be forcibly ejecting a dean from his office and occupying the building. That just shouldn't be what a university is about. Now, I think a lot of faculty have a certain nostalgia for when they did it in the 60s to protest Vietnam. And it's like, isn't it cute, the younger generations doing the same thing? But it really isn't OK for a number of reasons. It's a commitment to the wrong ideals. The ideal of the university ought to be persuasion, the careful formation of arguments, not chanting slogans over bullhorns and getting in other students' faces. So non-violence includes shouting down, like drowning out speakers. It's one thing to protest. It's another thing to preclude somebody from speaking. Exactly. There should not be a heckler's veto. That is, protest obviously is protected. And protest could involve holding placards. It could include shouting out, you lie in the middle of a lecture, but it can't involve forcing speakers off the stage, drowning them out, drawing a banner across the stage so that speakers can't see them. That is, restricting other speech as an ostensible form of expression of your own. Do you feel like the kind of response that came after, and most of this stuff was touched up by the October 7 attacks, but do you feel like students and faculty at Harvard or elsewhere like kind of understand this isn't simply hypothetical, that non-violence is actually a principle that we need to kind of hold to? Surprisingly, we've had to make the case, or some of us have, that it's not OK to invade a classroom and start chanting slogans over bullhorns. But we had to make that case and that the university should be consistent in cracking down on it. Again, to protect itself, such as the lawsuit filed by the students against anti-Semitism who have pointed to episodes in which Jewish students have been intimidated, have been blocked, in one case, were assaulted. And if the university just had a policy that speech is fine, it's OK, we encourage it, but physical force is not and acted consistently, then they would be off the hook for selective enforcement. And in fact, now if they started to enforce it against the often quite disruptive Palestinian student groups, then the Palestinian students groups could file a lawsuit saying, well, how come they're enforcing it against us and they don't enforce it against other groups? And if it was just clear, this is the policy, this is what we recognize as speech, this is what we recognize as force and to be consistent, it would remove a headache from them. And do you think the bookstore should stop selling Harvard branded bullhorns? Yeah. It's like, it's always amazing, right? Where do these bullhorns come? I guess Amazon will deliver anything in a couple of hours, right? Well, and also just the first point of the five point plan was just a consistent commitment to academic freedom, because another reason that Claudine Gaickon into such trouble is that when she was given, what admittedly was a kind of a trap that she walked into. That is, if students called for genocide against Jews, would that be prohibited by Harvard's code of conduct? And she made a pretty hardcore ACLU style free speech argument, which came across as hollow or worse, because we've had a lecturer who was kind of driven out of Harvard for saying they're two sexes. We've had a professor whose course is just only two sexes. Yeah, exactly. They're only two sexes. But there is another professor whose course was canceled because he wanted to apply to explore how counterinsurgency techniques could be used against gang warfare. We had a professor in the School of Public Health who, someone doing some offense archaeology, uncovered the fact that he had cosigned an amicus brief for the Obergefell Supreme Court case against a national policy allowing gay marriage. There were calls for his tenure to be revoked, for his classes to be boycotted.  So these are given Harvard's history of those cases and others to all of us and say, well, genocide, it's just a matter of I disagree with what you say, but I defend to the death you write to say it, came off as a little bit hollow and hypocritical. And if Harvard had had a free speech policy that was reasonably enforced before that, then at least she would have had something of a leg to stand on and standing on principle. And she was technically correct in the same way that there's no law in the United States that says you can't call for a Holocaust, hate speech is protected by the First Amendment, but when it's so selectively prosecuted, then it becomes ludicrous and literally becomes a national joke or a national disgrace.


I think it was a profoundly irresponsible decision. I don't think that it would, I would be doing my job if I did not say that. And what we saw tonight was a series of extremely irresponsible decisions that put a sexual abuse victim at risk, that put that person at risk in front of a national audience and I could not have disagreed with it more. It was shameful.  And I think that everything that she said there was spot on and it proves that CNN has learned absolutely nothing from the disastrous 2016 and 2020 elections. Now, let me just say for the record that I have no problem whatsoever with responsible platforming, especially of powerful people. In fact, it's incumbent on media to hold them accountable. The problem with Trump, however, is that he's not a normal politician. He is the first president in US history that tried to overthrow the United States government and he's running again. Objectively speaking, he poses a danger to democracy. That is undeniable. And that doesn't suddenly change because this is round two. Now, that's not to say that news agencies shouldn't ever talk about him. I mean, he is the leading Republican presidential candidate. I get it. So there's obviously a public interest in this race and I don't expect them to just like do a blackout of Donald Trump. The problem that I have, however, is that by platforming him, they are giving him the opportunity specifically to spread harmful misinformation and lies that are going to hurt our democracy. And also it primes viewers to think of him like he's like this normal candidate. But that is not the case. This is not a normal presidential candidate and giving him that platform that he doesn't deserve gives him another opportunity to do even more harm to our democracy. But CNN, they know what they're doing and I don't necessarily fault the anchors. I think that this decision came from the top but predictably within the first couple of minutes Trump started lying about the election. And even though Caitlyn Collins tried to fact check him, he expectedly did not back down which reinforces this harmful idea that he won the 2020 election when he in fact did not. So let's watch this first clip and then I'll explain why it's bad if that isn't already obvious to you. Your first term ended with a deadly riot at the Capitol and you still have not publicly acknowledged the 2020 election results. Why should Americans put you back in the White House? Because we did fantastically, we got 12 million more votes that we had in, as you know, in 2016. I actually say we did far better in that election. Got the most that anybody's ever gotten as the president of the United States.  A lot of the people in this audience and probably maybe a couple that don't but most people understand what happened. That was a rigged election and it's a shame that we had to go through it. It's very bad for our country. All over the world they looked at it and they saw exactly what everyone else saw. Even if you just look recently with the 51 intelligence agents that made a 16-point difference. If you look at the FBI. If you look at the FBI and Twitter, they call it Twitter files, they had a big difference. If you look at through the vote. Mr. President, back to what you just said there though, it was not a rigged election. It was not a stolen election. You and your supporters lost more than 60 court cases on the election. It's been nearly two and a half years. Can you publicly acknowledge that you did lose the 2020 election? Let me just go on. If you look at through the vote, they found millions of votes on camera, on government cameras where they were stuffing ballot boxes. And he goes on and on. But do you see what I mean? We all knew he was going to do this and he did exactly what everyone with the brain expected. And it's dangerous. Now in this next clip, we're about to watch here. Caitlin continued to fact check him but they just kept going around and around in circles and it went absolutely nowhere to the point where I don't even see the point of this conversation at all. It should have been shut down abruptly within five minutes because this was just insufferable. But what you just said there, Republican officials debunked those claims about fraudulent ballots. We want to give you a chance tonight. Who? Republican officials. Who? Georgia and every single state. There is no your own election officials, Mr. President. So people were afraid to take on the issue but we have a big problem in this country. We have elections, we have elections that were horrible. If you look at what happened in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, if you look at what happened in Detroit, Michigan, if you look at what happened in Atlanta, millions of votes. And all you have to do is take a look at government cameras, you'll see them. People going to 28 different voting booths to vote to put in seven ballots a piece. And they're all on camera. Mr. President, I have to stop you there because there is no evidence of that. Your own election officials testified to that and have said that Republicans in these states did this. In Georgia there were multiple recounts, including a hand recount. I cherish our Constitution but we have to live up to the Constitution. We weren't living up to the Constitution. I was just saying, there's no evidence of that election fraud. You didn't once tweet. I was supposed to say that but I'm glad you say that. But look, that was a horrible election. That was a horrible election.  Look, we have to have honest elections in our country. Yeah, so you're probably thinking, what's the point of this? And again, the point is that this gets CNN ratings. There's no actual value for US democracy here. It's just ratings. That's it. This is why platforming him was a bad idea. The fact that we're debating objective truth on mainstream media in the first place, it speaks to why Americans are so misinformed and why we're in this current state. Some things just aren't debatable. Climate change is real. Racism is real. Trump lost the 2020 election. But if you present both sides as if they're equal and they both hold some truth, that's where you start to go down this rabbit hole where the truth doesn't matter and objective truth and empirical reality. These are things that can be questioned when they cannot. But staying on the subject of the 2020 election and January 6th, Trump called January 6th a beautiful day. Yeah, and said he's proud of his video where he told insurrectionists that he loved them because of course, and he was also asked about whether or not he'd apologized to Mike Pence for endangering his life. And he did not. He just basically blamed Mike Pence for not stealing the election for him. I mean, maybe they expected Trump to learn from his mistakes and grow after two years, but literally nothing has changed.  I mean, there's just no capacity for growth there and he has no plans for redemption art. It's just the same Trump. I don't know what they expected. Now, Trump is and always will be a petulant, wannabe dictator who tried to overthrow the US government. But since this was a town hall, I do want to move on and get to some specific questions. So first he was asked if he would pardon January 6th insurrectionists and just take a wild guess as to what his answer was. This is almost comical, but let's watch. Well, you pardoned the January 6th rioters who were convicted of federal offenses. I am inclined to pardon many of them. Shocking. He then quickly pivoted to Antifa and how they've destroyed Portland. And it's totally true folks. As a PDX or myself, Portland no longer exists because it's not the fascists who are the real threat. It's anti-fascists. I mean, this is what gaslighting looks like. Now, speaking of fascists, yes, he is also keeping an open mind when it comes to proud boy pardons. Yeah, you heard that right. But when you said you are considering pardoning a large portion of those charged with crimes on January 6th, does that include the four proud boys members who were charged and convicted of seditious conspiracy? I don't know. I'd have to look at their case, but I will say in Washington DC, you cannot get a fair trial. You cannot. Just like in New York City, you can't get a fair trial. I mean, I could feign shock here, but is anyone surprised? I'm not surprised in the slightest.  And he's implicitly giving them permission to do another coup in the event. He doesn't like the results of the 2024 election. And on that note, so he was asked about whether or not he would concede the 2024 election. And let's listen to his answer here. It's almost hilarious, but it's sad and dangerous. If I think it's an honest election, I would be honored to. And right now, we are so far ahead of both Democrat and Republican. And you know what? If I don't win, this country is gonna be in big trouble. It's so sad to see what's happening. But no commitment there on the accepting the results regardless of the outcome. If it's an honest election, correct, I would. Okay, so not committing to accepting the 2020 or election results or acknowledging what happened in 2020. President Trump, I wanna. Aren't you relieved, folks? You'd be happy to concede if he believed that the 2024 election was fair.  But apparently we have no reason to worry because if he believes that the 2024 election was fair, he's not gonna challenge it. This is exhausting.  Now, moving on from election denialism because that was a big portion of this town hall, there were some moments that were despicable, just downright despicable. For example, after a jury found him liable for defamation and sexual abuse, just the day before he did this town hall, he predictably attacked his victim, E. Jean Carroll, which I mean, it's just, it's nauseating to watch. I'm not even gonna play the clip. Now, there were other moments that were genuinely horrifying from an economic perspective and I don't wanna give you any context. I just wanna play the clip and then I'll tell you why this is so bad. When we have a debt limit and they used that very seriously in me, they came in, Schumer came in with Nancy Pelosi and they were using it, we'll violate it, we'll do whatever. They talked a whole lot different than they do right now.  And I don't believe they're going to do a default because I think the Democrats will absolutely cave because you don't wanna have that happen but it's better than what we're doing right now because we're spending money like drunken sellers. So just to be clear, Mr. President, you think the U.S. should default if the White House does not agree to the spending cuts Republicans are demanding. We might as well do it now because you'll do it later. You just listened to the top GOP contender for 2024 endorse a default on U.S. debt. I mean, he's not just directly encouraging Republicans in the House and Senate to play chicken.  I mean, the extent to which this is extremely dangerous cannot be overstated. Now, first and foremost, he's currently attacking DeSantis, by the way, for wanting to cut Medicare and Social Security. But do you know what happens if the U.S. defaults on its debt? It would be an absolute catastrophe. People who are currently living off of Social Security, they would likely lose their payments. A national, if not global recession, could result. Inflation would probably be through the roof again. But Trump is saying that your suffering is a price that he's willing to pay. Now, in truth, if Trump were elected president again, I actually don't think that his donors would allow him to default because that would hurt their profits and the stock market and it's not in the interest of wealthy people for that to happen. And since we know who pulled the strings when he was the president, I don't think that he would do this as president, but if Republicans cause a default before Trump is back in office, this could harm Biden potentially and their hands could be clean because presidents historically, they get blamed for economic downturns and a situation like that would certainly trigger a crisis that would cause massive panic and a lot of blame directed at Biden even if he's not directly culpable here. But Trump, he doesn't care about all this. He is willing to gamble with all of our lives just for a shot at power and he's telling Republicans, do it. Tank the economy because it's gonna happen anyway.  It's just unreal. Now, I wanna move on to a different issue because abortion came up and he predictably celebrated the demise of Roe v. Wade but this was to be expected. He also explicitly endorsed exceptions which is something that he said Republicans should do more of which, I mean, I guess it's better than him not supporting any exceptions but it still doesn't solve the problem.  The problem with this particular portion is that Caitlin Collins let him get away with it. They're radical because they will remember the debate with Hillary Clinton. I said, rip the baby out of the womb at the end of the ninth month.  If you look at that crazy governor of Virginia from the former governor, where he said, no, the baby won't be born and then we'll decide essentially whether or not to execute the baby. But Mr. President, can we talk about what you would do if you are re-elected? No, but these are the radical people. It's not the pro-life people that are radical.  What I'll do is negotiate so that people are happy. Of course, he's not gonna answer the question about a federal abortion ban, but he said that Democrats support infanticide effectively and Caitlin Collins just let that slide. You can't just let that slide. He just said Democrats want to execute babies when they're born and that is a lie that is so egregious that you can't just move on after that. You have to stop and fact check him. Now, I don't expect Caitlin Collins to be familiar with every single reference or quote that Trump brings up. That's impossible, right? But to make such an outrageous claim, that warrants pushback, even if she's not familiar with the context or the quote there. So she could at least ask him to clarify, ask him for a different example, but she just moved on. And that is why this was a bad idea because even if you try, you can't possibly fact check every single thing that he says. Now to be fair, Ralph Northam, who Trump was referencing about that specific quote, he was talking about this issue in a very sloppy way and this is a nuanced subject, so it requires delicacy.  He was the governor who did blackface in the 80s, but putting that aside, when you have the full context, it's clear that he wasn't embracing infanticide. CNBC explains, quote, so in this particular example, if a mother's in labor, I can tell you exactly what would happen, Northam said, on WTOPs, ask the governor program Wednesday. The infant would be delivered, the infant would be kept comfortable, the infant would be resuscitated if that's what the mother and the family desired, and then a discussion would ensue between the physicians and the mother. Northam's spokeswoman, Ophira Yeskel, clarified that his comments referred only to a situation in which a woman with a non-viable pregnancy or severe fetal abnormalities went into labor. Now, needless to say, the details and the context matters here because if there is a severe fetal abnormality and the baby is only expected to live briefly before dying, some people may choose to terminate the pregnancy instead of having the baby only to watch it suffer and die immediately. I mean, I feel like that would be traumatizing, but others, however, might choose to deliver the baby so that way they can say goodbye and maybe get some sense of closure from that. I mean, people grieve in different ways, but either way, it's a very difficult, delicate situation. And if someone chooses to deliver, which is a decision that Republicans want to force pregnant people to make mind you, then the doctors can temporarily put the baby on life support after it's delivered while the family says their goodbyes. That's what he was referring to. Either way, it's gonna be traumatizing, right? Because if you are that late into the pregnancy, you want that baby. Who's changing their mind at eight or nine months? Like at that point, you want the baby and so the death is sad. But I understand how painful it would be to give birth to a baby only to watch it die immediately. So if somebody wants to terminate that pregnancy, I get it, but if they wanna get some sense of closure by delivering and saying goodbye that way, it's not my decision to make. It's not the decision of politicians to make. But after knowing the context now, ask yourself, did Trump fairly characterize Northam's comments?  But was that comment fairly characterized? Of course not.  I guess I don't want it. That's not happening. And that's not being discussed here. You can't just move on from things like that. Katelyn Collins has to challenge these things. She has to offer pushback. And for most of the town hall, she did do that. But at that moment to let that slide, completely unacceptable. Now I've got one more clip from the town hall and again, it demonstrates why CNN platforming Trump was a bad decision. Like they did this at their own peril because not only was it impossible for Katelyn Collins to keep up with all of Trump's lies, but look at the way that he treated her towards the end and the audience's reaction. You held onto those documents. When you knew the federal government was seeking them and then had given you a subpoena to return them. Are you ready? Are you ready? Can I talk? Yeah, what's the answer? Can you mind? I would like for you to answer the question. Okay, it's very simple to answer. That's why I asked it.  I'll tell you why. That's the thanks that CNN got for bringing him on. I hope that the ratings were worth it. And Katelyn Collins at that point, she didn't have to remain respectful. Like if I were her, I would have said, oh, you think I'm a nasty person? Okay, that's fine. We're gonna go ahead and get nastier then.  Like I would love to see something like that rather than this decorum and civility when Trump offers none of that to his opponents. But to be fair to Katelyn Collins, she did challenge Trump a lot. I don't know that even I would be able to keep up with all of his lies admittedly, which is why like if you can't keep up with someone because they lie so frequently, you can't do the town hall. And while this level of pushback would probably be sufficient for almost every other politician, Trump is just an entirely different beast. And if you watched the post town hall commentary from Anderson Cooper and Jake Tapper, you can tell that they were troubled by the plethora of lies that Trump spread on their network. But again, I think that this decision was ultimately one that came from management. So I can't blame Katelyn or Anderson or Jake. I think that the finger should be squarely pointed towards the big wigs at the top, because this town hall was disgraceful and extremely irresponsible. But this is to be expected because our media companies in this country, the biggest ones, they're businesses. Their primary goal is not the delivery of news to consumers. Their goal isn't to have a more informed public. Their goal is profits. And they will act in a way that facilitates increased profits, increased eyeballs, bigger ad dollars. So that's why this was bad. But I've said my piece and I don't think they're gonna learn from this. So this is just going to be something that we have to deal with. The normalization of somebody who is a completely illegitimate figure who should not be taken seriously by anyone, but could plausibly be the next president of the United States. What a time. What a time we live in, folks. Mike is a total shitless. Shitless. Once he started shilling for the DNC, I stopped watching. So I definitely won't be hitting the subscribe button or turning on notifications by clicking the bell. No way. It's very sad enough.


The next text selection is the most important, and I'm just going to ask you to read the entirety of it, substrate specificity of enzymes, and then once you do that, try and take those terms and apply them to the model system we have. What you literally do is going to be the same, but we should be able to apply more terminology to that process.


तो की ना थो तरज मने थंदोन और स्भिया। तब वो सुंगन यहागistlesं को खॉईभवा। लब नहीं आबजों कुब शीक लिख़ा, लिसने आत गर देखाए था। तो तब आप तब वोंब् घी पूहता है। तब मुः और जो बाल नहीं रहागादवा, तो वो शीकनो मुआप इतुछता। As if there is vortex, that pulls you in. For the end of the 3 years, he was a different human being. But he'll still have this independent streak inside him. To break free from any bagma that could imposing yourself. After that, I went to a cinema. When I saw his final film, a diploma film, I was shocked with you. I thought it was a guy who was a nerd. You know, who was a lack of any imagination, and he came up with such an incredible gem of a piece of film, cinema. And the tragedy was, we were in the last film, we made a good bye to each other, we go out of different ways, you know. Oh, yes. तो ऑी था के व्दिष्यृखें, ते बस्ड़्बलाग, थ्चराई, अगर बोनासे हम ता और बणाम, भी अगर जेद कुई ती है.. अगर वैद्दार प्रजाए फिलिवें टींग, जो बतामिपु, जो जो फिलिखे ऑाडेगा को, आगर वेदा दी. तब लिए तपा है टिरे कुँँँ कार्ँ कर संया खचा betrayal you were just completed and you are ... दर अस तटब आत IF YONKS वह पकि कुँँँँँँँ कुँँँँँँ and the ... भjing कि सरे टब ढंऑी ट्र क्यो सक्वार कचा, जि हाँरी़ अत अए तemon दēत होँ थो हमनो स tears are gone, I went to Mumbai, । । । । । । । । । जी मैं दे सब भंया जी बहद क्वया जी घाएिजा वें घरा है from her त्रीटची तेदा बी चोँ जे बागी घब वर। atreeda, you know, it didn't happen that way of course. यो तेशी मैं तागाजी ताद ती लग है को वी अगाड़ा में। he came back. यिसकाम बोगिए शास्वाद लिग, ची है, देस्टिनेरी आपकाद. इत देस्टिनेरी आत आजिन नगी एप मैं अतिनबेखंउन भस्देई रही है, आपको बहुत मैं एक उटीच एक जी बसे बहुतिच एक गरा. ओवल तो लिग से शवाद्चाज़। सी थे जी भी और खुंगी कि organizers and organizations की से खालगा हैं। को थसी वह आजे मगतो हैं। अगर साअवां और मेगते और वरां ना। यह वादी है, जि विग का ता कूर, विग लिंग गर्ज शोँसी च्डी, ॐश़ Judah ृफड़ आतुउ वनौनैए। ौग अगर कतिछेश सबहामा। ॐशिजन छीष़ स्तरनागी। ॐशिजन छीष़ स्बहाँग। ौग मैने यहता। तुद्रीव को गोगरोगरेंगा। ौग को छीष़् कोगरोगरी। ैचिः साथा। टरकलाकतलियाकीं चात्यी यहात करते है। अथी शाथा जे थीवागाईओँँ जात्खाईगँ रहींगे लागिए है, रहींगे वीख्यात बहुती भी त्वेछते। .. quando the white people participated in the election. Itís something that struck him. And he tried to decode his life then. From that particular moment of time, the man was hungry for more, to know more about the world, and when he came back, the kinds of books that he bought, the film that he saw, and his engagement with politics was absolutely, like he wasÖ hungry toÖ आपानी जबळ आपगतो़नी विए है। दो देंदा अदन को दंते लिए था. आप देंग़ में ये लगया से.. अप नहीं गे नदा। काँ आदे जन्दा। में आप दो खी प़नुडन। में रहा है, थो में दन। तक साखतिन मैंने साक्तिन नहीं, मैं साखतिन खुबासकर दो सो से भालके। तो रहें साखतिन तो अचाइस पर डोँ देगाए, दुए शाछा कर तूल बाप्टल ज़्ाबग lime. वो बच्छा नायो तूछ वापीष आया.. आप साम्टु। अब वे बवाय्पैस आया वेश्टों इंगन चिछुः वेश्टों ठीः खीं शंए दे है उगर पत्भी गाँद न्शाछसी तुज तुज वापे साया तुज वापे साया दाए़ मैं रोज Craft ब कुछ को लोग। इसकर तुछ रापे शाया। आरहीं पर गाजाचा अह फमी तॉद जोग बआपे साया तुज और आब बशाँए औगाचा आप चाशीं. तूझ तुज बबलोग साया। दर आए आजा तो उगँाशा। नहीं दीकवे की वो आब चलने बासते नहीं ना वो आदंगन गहार। जब आप नहीं बस्वाने छिप जील्यकतोग मे चीहती. वो अगर सद्वीगे तोछगा तो शुँछ भृस्था आप तो था तोगवाये ऊहें। वी कुल एक तिди्ताद publisher, वैने में चीजी Should… की नहयर पूरी मैसाँ पर लग्द में अनयमें than. चऺश्कताए तीदिया में बी रहने करसा ख़ाएन। तो च्च्च्च्चंतात बती वो थे हnguloग audio 86s अगstarterे गथम बोतिनिल सतरीो driver & driver नंबाद़ की तक पर बद़ के है, और खोन लिए आगर्द़े कोगी कोगी नीम तुजर बादोозиं देन, जो भी जो देरबी में, वोगे क्या किलि स्नमझ कि च्पूटी की तुदोंगी के क्या गते और औरतर की बनुद्दां आगर्ँदर काई. एक गर से्वास्ताःे प्रश्ववास्वास्वास्वास्वास्वास्वास्मानिट ऑजा कोब इस अगर आपकी अगर था नफीज़ाः नद आप कोसफ्रे इस्छहा आप कोता.  विस भी वो टीः के वी बगराशावा है??? जुविस चैंक उस बनो देलने वेशावाशा आप वर। आप लेक्च्यो गब लेजा रवाजा नी, तोग of of you mean you mean when you talk about justice and equality in freedom. आप आप एक आप आप आप आप आप आप. वोडुोग दे वन है? प्रैणब़ों129 यहसंचा, काद्यागाि म्रद्जय 2019 जयबा Experience यह अदर मुते கर भी धउजिदर की सी आड़ी ठामाँ से, तो सो अगर से जोना काई आहिप। लिए at the corresponds to the concept अब ड rumors उ Choi위, sh차 आप वे Je stickers उ Choi, sh차 उ. Chatchah आप अन्माजे��들이 तो तो कृ 59 ङस् knead भा�шक दिलबर स्वप्रेम इन्ध्यग आड़,ão बन देखिन जद मैंत,nap गद सक stitch दिलबर Jolup के सुक्रीम, its a crimegraduate crime सूवनative court कیکरegan सावच्सीन ह Canyon स managers hospitals सावच्सीन ह应 glue बासनचुत्रतः न मेअ छीा किídaikan में भी सुयझा बस दमिछ ऑश zittenवन A लोग on its head and it's accepted that's where we are at it's the theater of the absurd it is absurd and what do you do with it you can you counter it because that's that's a supreme court justice it's a highest court of the land how do you how do you how do you how do you fight it and it's not justice little details like picking up an ordinary citizen and taking him to a police station you know what it means you and I would survive it but if you are poor and if you are disinventors in a sense if you happen to be just I had to pay in any police station across the across the country so this lovely little girl scout Kiran Bedi who works around you know police forces you know here that she know what the stench this emanating of all those policemen across the country that she smelt it or not the torture the mayhem let loose on ordinary citizens the beatings she not aware of that and I'm not saying now over it's been happening over years and you know and she is part of that force and she pretends to be above it what kind of land is she living in so you were talking about the constitution I think when we just got interrupted because of the sun in our eyes so do we need to change something in it the constitution exists we want to live up to it or live down to it I don't know because you know is it a valid document because is it valid for India because here is a document which tells the people of India and the world what is this country all about so we're telling ourselves this is what we are want to be and to the world this is what we want to be want to achieve the point is what we want to achieve valid for a country that's primarily patriarchal, feudal and modern in quotes so you have ancient medieval modern also living simultaneously side by side and you've got a constitution which is poetry and what do you do can you achieve it is it something we are going to work towards is it achievable or have we stress ourselves too thin to be able to act on it act on the constitution these are questions we need to ask as itself it's fantastic as a document are we able as a country as a do we have the character as a nation to match it and I think we are solely lacking solely lacking and that's the truth solely lacking right now or were always somewhere all this is not now it's been happening over the past 30 years it's only been accentuated and speeded up now so talking about speeding up how has the Bombay film industry changed I know that they were great actors in the past who actually took out real matches and were engaged with communalism and you know took on issues why doesn't a Amitabh Bachchan or anybody in the Khans do that today what has happened good question incredible amount of fear across this country should we be afraid but should we be afraid if you don't mind going to jail you shouldn't be afraid at all the problem is the fear of incarceration the fear of lack of justice you be traveled away and the keys thrown away there are young people I know who are in jail right now in charge of the situation but it won't be for the first time for India's from 1850s this you know Yaisil Sela Chalrai therefore we haven't changed from 1850s therefore that's why the constitution was set in it would not happen it could never happen again it guaranteed that it could never happen the rights of citizens were guaranteed in the constitution it's all been overthrown so therefore it's tough it's tough to deal with and the thing is Pragya you and I belong to a certain milieu a certain social level that we will survive we will survive because we are part of the ruling elite in a sense 90% of people aren't what happened to them what's going to happen to them and that's what the real issue lies and therefore therefore there's anger there's frustration and there's the need to get ahead in life they've all seen the good life on television hunger to get somewhere and that energy how will it be channelized how will it be used and that's my fear of course it's to politics and therefore what you will be used will be anger against people you single out you need the other now because nothing else is happening on the economic front you need the other you need to point out the other because of them it's classic fascism point out the Jew point out the communist point out the slave as a race point out the black point out the classic weaponization of identities and you weaponize it and you think and it works for some time the question is for how long what can cinema do what can art do art can we can't provide we don't give you change excuse me this is my phone it's also allowed cinema were there people who come from Bombay allowed everything cinema were there Mr. Modi hello Shifali Adab I'm in an interview right now I'll call you back I'll call you back oh wonderful okay bye okay bye it wasn't Mr. Modi what do you think about Mr. Modi and Mr. Amit Shah I don't think about them sure but you have a view no my view is very simple they are I think sorry again this is cinema were they allowed allowed for your thing it doesn't matter it makes it more real actually sorry what do you think about them I think they are pompous arrogant they believe they are infallible they think they've got you know the power behind them to do what they want not realizing actually it's like a balloon once the air comes out they'll come out when you're so full of yourself you're so full of yourself you've dealt with characters how do you become like have you ever imagined the characters every fascist is for himself they've got on their side here right ok they're sitting like this can't forget that yes how can they be wrong so can cinema deal with these situations cinema should deal with a situation in which you are cinema can't bring about change but cinema can help towards I think a questioning process that's all to expect cinema to cause a revolution don't try it that's what the young man thought at your conference yesterday I like the young man but cinema doesn't bring about revolution cinema can bring about a kind of it can be help in terms of molding but in terms of change it's comes from people and I think the electoral process which is it'll happen would you consider making a film on India of today no I'm not interested I do through my books but if you were to make a film can you describe the title you might imagine for it is that correctly ascribed to civilization is a very fragile thing don't blink otherwise you won't be able to speak yes so this is the problem and yeah so let's we have to redefine reclaim our republic it has to be reclaimed because it's a very incredible nobility in the thought of the constitution it's a very noble document primarily for the weaker sections of society primarily for them it's for them it's got to be reclaimed and it has a dignity in it for ordinary citizens which to me is that's what the poetry is already all about you and I are fine it's to provide dignity to the ordinary citizens too and to work towards it that's what the journey is all about alright and thank you very much for joining us so welcome ladies thanks a lot for the news click and ICF


Hello, you're watching the International Daily Roundup by People's Dispatch, where we bring you some of the top stories from around the world. Let's take a look at today's headlines. Teachers go on strike across Hungary. Trans children's access to care under threat in the United States. Coalition demands freedom for pro-refugee Italian mayor. And Algeria cuts ties with Spain over Western Sahara policy. We begin with Hungary, where school teachers across the country have gone on strike to demand better salaries and working conditions. The action has been organised by the PSZ Union and the Democratic Union of Teachers or the PDSZ. Teachers walked out on March 16th following months of failed negotiations with the government. They have previously organised a series of warning strikes. This included one on January 31st, which saw the participation of over 20,000 workers. Conservative Prime Minister Viktor Orban tried to restrict the actions by issuing a special COVID-19 decree for mandatory teaching. The unions challenged this in the Constitutional Court as an attack to their right to strike. Teachers in Hungary received the lowest salaries in the European Union. Their pay scale is still calculated on the basis of the 2014 minimum wage. Meanwhile, unions argued that the workload has increased amid a shortage of staff. The education system currently lacks around 12,000 people. Besides an adjustment of the pay scale, teachers are demanding an increase in the guaranteed pay for non-teaching staff. They have also demanded that teaching work time be limited to 22 hours a week. Work time for pedagogical and special assistants must be similarly limited to 35 hours a week. As the strike continues, the government has reportedly made a list of protesting teachers and threatened to cut their salaries. Despite this, teachers held a demonstration outside parliament on Saturday. According to local reports, all classes remained suspended from March 16th to 18th and resumed at 50% capacity between March 21st to 23rd. We move on to the United States, where nearly one third of transgender children in the country could lose access to gender-affirming care. The recent spate of legislation pushed by the Republican Party has put over 54,000 transitioning children aged between 13 and 17 at risk. These findings are part of a new report by the Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law. Gender-affirming care could be denied even in cases where parents, therapists and doctors all support a treatment. Moreover, 4,000 people between 18 and 20 years of age are also under threat in Alabama, Oklahoma and North Carolina. Approximately 150,000 youth in the United States identify as transgender. As of last week, the 15 states have either passed or are considering bills to restrict gender-affirming care. These would either criminalize health professionals who provide the scare to minors or subject them to action by state licensing boats. Around half of these bills will ban some insurance providers from covering gender-affirming treatments. They will also limit the use of state funds and facilities for them. Right-wing leaders in six states are trying to implement penalties for parents who try to provide such care for their own children. Ten states will allow private citizens to file civil suits against medical providers. Recent, dangerous actions include those of Texas Governor Greg Abbott who issued a directive classifying gender-affirming care as child abuse. A global coalition organized by Progressive International is demanding the release of Domenico Mimmo Lucano. He is the former mayor of the small town of Riace in southern Italy. During his tenure from 2004 to 2018, Lucano welcomed and resettled 450 refugees from West Asia and Africa. Riace had come to be known as a dying town as its population fell by 75% between 1945 and 1998. Residents had moved towards the north to seek economic opportunities. After Lucano was elected to office, his focus was on revitalizing the town while providing a home for displaced peoples. Riace gained international recognition for a model of multi-ethnic integration. However, after the far-right politician Matteo Salvini came to power in 2018, he launched a campaign of persecution against Lucano. Salvini accused him of colonizing Italy with migrants. Lucano was placed under house arrest and all public funds for his programs were cut. Migrants who had settled in Riace were moved to refugee centers. In September 2021, Lucano was convicted of embezzlement fraud and abetting illegal immigration. He was sentenced to 13 years in prison double than what the prosecutors had asked for. He is also facing fines of over 500,000 euros. Lucano's lawyers have now filed an appeal seeking his exoneration and the process could take a year. Progressive International has demanded that the European Court of Justice launch an investigation into Lucano's indictment. His arrest took place just as Italy's Interior Ministry imposed a series of brutal anti-immigrant policies. Finally, we take a look at Algeria which has cut diplomatic ties after Spain changed its policy regarding the western Sahara. On March 18th, Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares said that he backed a 2007 proposal by Morocco. Under the plan, western Sahara would be granted autonomy under the Kingdom's Sovereignty. This signaled an abrupt and complete shift in Spain's previously neutral position. Similar language was also adopted by the UN Security Council in October. Reacting to Spain's statements, the Algerian Foreign Ministry recalled the ambassador to Madrid on Saturday. Algeria has had quarrel relations with Spain and provided over 40% of its gas supplies in 2021. Spain's shift was also condemned by the Polisario Front as a grave error. It added that the position contradicted the international legitimacy. The front has been resisting Morocco's occupation of the western Sahara and the exploitation of its resources for decades. Morocco occupied the region in 1975 after the withdrawal of the Spanish colonizers. In 1991, a UN-led peace process resulted in a ceasefire and a settlement plan. This would include an independence referendum to decide the fate of western Sahara. Not only has Morocco not conducted this referendum, it also violated the ceasefire by deploying troops to Gergerat in 2020. The Kingdom has repeatedly carried out air attacks which have killed both Sahrawi and Algerian nationals. Morocco's ambassador to Spain returned to Madrid on Sunday after being recalled during a dispute in 2021. That's all for today's episode. For more such stories, visit our website at www.peoplesdispatch.org and follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Thank you for watching.


Hi, welcome everybody. This is Jeff Frick and you're watching the Cube. We're in the Palo Alto offices in the heart of Silicon Valley And I'm joining this segment with Ariana Grada. Welcome. Hi. Good to be here. We're pretty excited to announce the final four of Cube Madness It's been quite a journey We've been out this for a couple of weeks now and just like the the March Madness tournament which big congratulations go out to E.J. Florial former football player behind at the University of Kentucky Going up against Wisconsin and then of course the Duke Blue Devils going against the number seven seed Michigan State, but we didn't have seating in Cube Madness, but we do have winners from each of the regions So we'll we'll kind of go through each of the winners set up the final four and let the next chapter of Madness begin Yeah, so the winners are Jim Whitehurst from Red Hat Pam Murphy from N4 Jesse Proudman from Blue Box Group and Mike Cordano from HGST Yeah, so what do you think pretty exciting and each of these each of these contestants had kind of a unique formula For really getting out the vote So I think we'll kind of step through and talk about each one. We also have to address I guess the bot issue We had an issue with some bots Kind of swamping actually they they took down our website last Friday night We had to we actually had to turn off all the polling So we've we've instituted some new things hopefully that will mitigate the bots But we we asked that all the technique techies out there because I know you guys are proud of your Execs that are in the contest and you can probably write really sophisticated bots Please keep the bot to a minimum. We're in the final four Anyone has suggestions for better polling software for next year. We're happy to hear Apologize to everyone who thinks they got kind of wiped out by the bots Really the again the intention of Cube Madness is really to highlight some of our great guests and our great interviews that we do Every year again over 900 interviews last year to highlight Those people and their story and get those interviews back out and two to have some fun And I was glad to see in the Twitter sphere even in some of the heated battles You know some of the exchanges between people both in in the heat of the competition as well as after the results were We're so we're very good spirited and good fun So that was good to hear and then as I always tell my kids whenever we're in a tournament situation I've coached a lot of youth sports Unfortunately in a tournament only one team goes home with a win. Everybody else goes home With a little bit of a disappointment. So hopefully again keep it all in fun That's really what the objective is and and we're to the final chapter. So here we're gonna go So let's talk about kind of the individual processes first off Pam And in for really just kind of a straight-up grassroots nothing real special just kind of The tortoise the tortoise that wins the race with kind of just a slow meticulous roll Yeah, so tell me why you think a Pam made it to the final the next level and Charles Phillips didn't they're both an M4 and What are your predictions on that? What are your thoughts on that? It's a good question. I just wonder maybe Maybe Chuck just didn't have the time to really get involved in getting cage I don't know that we saw him really kind of participating it and secondly Pam's got the women in tech angles She's been featured in our women in tech ironically the first interview that we had Pam Was actually at AWS summit which will be at again next year for our our third year in a row So I think I think it's a kind of a combination of that again didn't didn't see a huge mass outpouring didn't see really a crazy Kind of activity or the bots or anything else just kind of a kind of a slow roll and and here she is Yeah, I agree. I think she had the woman in tech angle really down She'd be Alan Nance in the last round and he was definitely out there asking for votes. Yep. He's pretty active So good job Pam. Good luck. Good job Pam So then next up is is Jim Whiter's from From Red Hat and Jim I have to say in terms of rallying a company has got to win the award If you haven't seen it, it's pretty cute the people at Red Hat put on their red hat They printed out signs for team Jim and Jim to the final four and they're and they're tweeting all these signs and Taking pictures all over offices at all different points of the world. So really a fun campaign Yeah, there are a few hashtags you can follow to check out Jim's tactics It's team Jim hashtag team Jim right hashtag get to Jim to the final four so And we did get the word from the red hat that apparently our voting system doesn't work on Firefox on Fedora So see if we can address that next year makes sense coming from the from the red hat crew and the Linux crew Yeah, so now we flip to the other side of the bracket and Jesse Proudman blue box group. What do you think? Blue box group. They're really great campaigning. He's he's got some fun little Gifts going on and some videos Amy hair harems was at posting a picture of From, you know, it's both for Pedro and switched it out for Jesse So that was pretty funny and we saw some interesting campaigns with that Yeah, and he's coming right off his campaign to be on the board of the open stack committee So he made some cool posters for that and again great great time with Jesse Just happened to interject with with again We talked about it before really meaningful post about what it means to be a startup entrepreneur and it's not all fun and games And you know, there's a dark side to it sometimes and I think that Post was enjoyed by a lot of people. So that's a Jesse not surprised to see him there And then on the on the final the final four that the fourth is biker Donna from HGST And you know HGST is not a company that really makes a lot of noise. You know, they're building hard drives They're in infrastructure. They're part of what makes the cloud the cloud But the team has really gotten behind this this campaign and I think what's interesting about them is they took kind of a tangential promotional approach With CrossFit and the CrossFit exercise craze and really promoting it within the CrossFit community Which is something that's important to Mike. It's important HGST and again He like many of the other contestants even, you know, personally thanking people for their votes on the Twitter sphere So you can really kind of see the activity on the Twitter stream. Yeah, and once again that goes back to engaging with your followers You know really interacting with your community and putting yourself out there. Yeah. Yeah, and and so again So that's that is the the final four Jim and Pam and Jesse and Mike Congratulations to the final four and what are your predictions? Wow the next round What are my predictions? You know? If I want to go there, I think good and the in the tops of me final I think you know with what Jim has going on at Red Hat and really how the team is embraced that we If an in four jumps into their good company as well, we'll see if they can slow that down I don't know if they'll be able to slow that down. I think Jesse and Mike. That's going to be a bit of a dog fight So we'll see we'll see who comes out. But again all great participants. There's really no losers in this contest You know the voting is open. I will run the voting for the next day and a half Then it'll close we'll get the semi-finalists will run it to the end of the week and then on Monday Just like the real final four We will we'll open up the voting for one day is to hit the finals and and then all the social media teams can take a break Winner of Cube Madness will be announced next Wednesday. Is that correct? No next I think I think Monday Tuesday Monday or Tuesday Greg's not here. He's the guy running the show. So but we'll find out next week Yeah, keep an eye on the website keep an eye on the Cube keep following keep having fun I've got a couple events to next week that will be at AWS Simon and San Francisco and an MIT IDE event in London Talking about the next machine age, which is something that you're gonna want to see so stay tuned to the Cube Yeah, Jeff Frick Ariana grad Al at the Cube power out the offices. Thanks for watching


There's an enormous amount of waste that occurs continuously in converting electrical energy from the form that it is supplied, say 110 volts AC or 230 volts AC at your outlet to the form that is demanded by the electronic appliance you wish to use, say a laptop which needs 19 volts DC. The power conversion unit in this particular case is a laptop adapter which we affectionately refer to as a brick. Feel the one you have. See how warm it is. That heat represents the waste in this conversion process. This wastes ubiquitous. Over 10% of all the electrical energy generated in the US is wasted in the power conversion process and in turn is equal to all the renewable energy in the US generated through solar, wind or hydro combined. This is also over 300 terawatt hours of energy wasted, 318 coal power plants worth of energy is lost and we incur a tax or a cost of over $40 billion annually to serve this waste. So what is a terawatt hour of energy, you may ask? San Francisco consumes 6 terawatt hours annually, New York City 50 terawatt hours, Las Vegas 33 terawatt hours, the whole west coast of the US consumes 270 terawatt hours annually. Transform provides a solution that saves over 300 terawatt hours of energy, more than all the energy consumed by the western United States. Imagine taking all the western United States off the grid. Now imagine what it means to the rest of the world with the meteoric growth in China, India, Brazil and other economic engines. This is a huge problem that needs a solution today and transform is providing it. At the heart of all power conversion is a switch. The simplest example of a switch is the mechanical switch that controls the lamp in your home. No functional power conversion requires electronic switches. These switches are provided by silicon-based devices today. Unfortunately, silicon has reached its materials limit and cannot provide the higher power conversion efficiencies demanded by the market today. This demand is not only from traditional segments such as motor drives and HVAC but also the burgeoning new markets of e-commerce, search and social media driven by data server farms all over the world. The history of electronics has been one of providing ever increasing function with ever shrinking size. Think about the ENIAC, the first computer, filled up a whole hall. Compare that with your PC that you carry around today which provides much more function at a much smaller size. The power conversion industry follows a similar roadmap. Imagine your laptop adapter charger shrinking in size by a half and ultimately disappearing altogether. Transform's power conversion solution can do just that and much more in adjacent markets such as the photovoltaic inverter market and hybrid car inverters. Transform is the only system solution provider in the gallium nitrate power conversion industry today. Transforming demonstrated the necessary ability to grow materials, make devices, innovate in circuits and make modules. Transform has provided the highest performance solution in the easiest to use packages for our customers. To make all this happen it needs a team that is both broad and deep. It has the largest gallium nitrate talent in the world coupled with silicon based expertise in manufacturing, quality control, sales and marketing. It's this unique combination that allows Transform to bring this critical technology to the market.


Pleasure to introduce our next speaker, Trevor Chung, from Huawei. Huawei is our most recently joined platinum member of the open group. And Trevor personally has put a lot of energy into both making that happen and activities at all levels in the open group since joining. So it's going to be great to hear what he talks about today. Trevor has a broad focus, including digital transformation, customer experience management, something dear to his heart, cloud computing, enterprise architecture, platform strategy, IT for IT, Internet of Things, design thinking. So I don't know how he finds time in the day, but he has many, many interests and expertise. Trevor is the founder of Huawei's Customer Experience Transformation Center, which has centers in Shenzhen, China and London. Trevor has 20 years experience in technology and business leadership, specializing in providing thought leadership, creation of best practices and ecosystem development. Prior to joining Huawei, Trevor was Motorola's Global Head of Services Strategy Alliance and Product Management. Today, Trevor is going to talk about entitled Architecting the Customer Experience, also known as A New Approach to Business Transformation. So welcome, Trevor. Yeah, thank you, Steve. Let me fly. Okay, good morning, everyone. So it's really early morning to me because my body is now about 4 a.m. in Hong Kong time. So may I ask how many of you have visited Hong Kong before? Okay, can I ask anyone to answer me? In wintertime, what can be the closest temperature in Hong Kong? Anyone will try? 10 degrees? Anyone? Or less than 10? Less than 10 anyone? More than 10 in the winter? Okay, yesterday my son was very happy because the Education Bureau announced no more school tomorrow. Yesterday because it was 2 degrees C in Hong Kong. It never happened in the last 60 years. Yes, it was really, really cold. Of course, it's not as cold as the East Coast. Okay, do you know the most popular dish in Hong Kong in Sunday evening? Hot pot. Where's Alan? Is Alan here? Yeah. Okay, Alan, you can share with you what is hot pot in Asia. So it's a pot of water and then people cook together. Okay, that is something fun to have. And I'm not sure how popular that is in the U.S. So now let me start my presentation. So, architecting and customer experience. Well, I was friends to have, it was great to have PA Consulting, a mark to work with Huawei, I think what, from six months ago. So we formed the Digital Business and Customer Experience Working Group. So I think this is a kind of report to the open group what we have been talking, what we have done, and a case Huawei has been working and we would like to share. So this is the table of contents. Rose Experience Principle, so kind of to experience the paper name Rose to a framework for digital customer experience. So, and I would elaborate more about this experience principle. And challenges to digital service provider and I think two or three models we will share that is contributed in the DB CX Working Group. And the digital service provider guide, we will like to, it's still at the white paper stage and we would like to invite more contributed participants. And as I said, the real case, we are working with European operators, omnichannel management and raising roles. And finally, I think there is something I would like to look forward at the open platform 3.0 around the DevOps and joint agile delivery. I think this is something really in the IT standard is important for us to look at. And finally, where to from here? Rose Experience Principle, so it stands for real time on demand online DIY and social. So it's experience principles for all industries. And also is for all segments as well. So the matter is for the segment of consumers, workforce, partners and citizens.  So this is the real transformation and the experience is very important factors. And we are not just looking at the consumers, but also for the partners, for the ecosystems as well. So being a digital service provider. So what are those challenges? Well, Chris Harding kicked off with the technologies. So I want big data and many of others. And also, in order to be successful, the business model, customer experience, business capabilities can't be ignored. So in the later of the case, we will talk about how we can do better in customer experience and identify the right business capabilities using the business architecture methodologies. And so who should provide the digital services? Any industry payers taking part in the digital service value chain and partner ecosystem should pay attention to it. So it's not just about the telco, but also the government, finance and healthcare industries as well. And they are getting, they are a big, they are being an important payers in the digital service value chain. And in the operations, in the depth, well, the double offshore delivery and ecosystem partnering all should be addressed. So Huawei responds to the challenge. So there will be a white paper published called customer experience driven enterprise architecture. And it is similar to the white paper mentioned earlier. So it is under review and hope well, we expect will be a public game fabric. So the white paper is to address an architectural approach. How service provider transforms to work to a DSP. And we will, we see that this white paper has a close relationship connections with the DB6 work group. So customer experience involves whole organization. Just now Mark talked a lot about a digital aspect, the digital customer experience. We would like to talk more on the, well, from the organization perspective. So marketing sales, service operation, customer care, development, HR. And in the user experience part, we can say, wow, online, offline and the network, which Mark addressed earlier. Network is being very important part if we want to do the, if we want to be successful in the connected world or smart x. So we need to look at retail network support building and the portal experience and et cetera as well. So how can we have a common terminology or common name for what we are talking? So we would like to bring in a name, a term called customer centric operating model. So really is driving as Chris Harding mentioned about persona. From persona journey, value stream, process to capability mapping. And this capability is not talking about the business capability, it's more on the IT side of capabilities. And you can see a code from Charlie. He's the principal analyst from Forester Research. So we are, in Huawei, we are practicing this enterprise architecture approach with customer experience. And I would like to mention one thing quite interesting when they interviewed with Charlie. So in China, we have something called BAT, Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent. So they are very successful. They are being from corporate from the US industries to now innovating. But it's one thing maybe you would like to be aware and I mentioned in the blog as well. So Alibaba is very different from Tencent. Tencent is managing or improving the experience from portal perspective. So they will look at the data, they will improve the portal. But Alibaba is going very fast. One of the reason is they are applying the architecture approach. They can change based on the external business dynamics and pull in and pull out the business capabilities in a really fast way to do, to implement. So another model is this customer experience reference model. So it's a contribution from several companies including, well, PA, Huawei and from TM form. And I would like to stress one point I really enjoy in past six months to work with others at the open group. From the bottom right, you see the customer journey design model. That is more or less from the technical management form, from the tele-industry. And I really enjoy it. We, after several ones, a good debate with other industry participants. We were able to came out at the DBACX, which is the customer experience ecosystem model. So it doesn't matter which industry we are in. So every industry we have is specific customer journey design model. But now we can have a common way to talk about which is the ecosystem model, which I'm quite pissed with. So as I mentioned, in the digital business, it's all about different industries across the value chain. So we have to look at many, many different industries, many, many and their corresponding business process or capability mapping. So what we have done is, from the top left, the tele-management, the yee-tongue. And the bottom left, the IT for IT from open group and the APQC and also the ITO. So we look at four different, well, let's call industry standards or best practice framework. And we are happy to show that there's a business capability to have best of, a lot of the best, well, I should say, to incorporate every different industry's perspectives. And if you can see at the top of the pyramid, which is the 6.0 customer experience management. So what we are trying to move forward is to define very clear the capabilities, the business capabilities related to the 6.0 CEM and the number eight ecosystem partnership management as well. And the digital, oh, something wrong is fine, digital transformation framework. So from the government's CEM enterprise architecture, and this information will be shared in the DSP digital service provider white paper in different chapters, if you are interested. So basically what we are trying to do is to bring the architecture, the open platform, the DB6 activities. Can we put them into one picture? And we can start from strategy to transformation, program execution and operations management. So let's start from an example. Omnichannel management. I will start from the definition and benefit and the benefit story from the rational and the emotional aspects and the architecture blueprint. So, and then later with the identified legacy and new capabilities. Omnichannel is not something new in retail and not new in the finance. But I haven't seen a architecture approach to address this matter. And also bringing the ideas in the open platform 3.0 around the big data, the API management. So first of all, that's the definition and benefit about Omnichannel. So it really is to deliver the personalized information at the time the people want. And this is a way we can capitalize what we have been doing with the open platform 3.0 about big data, API management and cloud, everything. So the business architecture, focus on stakeholders, value perspectives. So there's CMO, COO, partner, chief service officer and the board as well. So look from every different personas which require big database analytics across the p-buying, buying, using and sharing life cycle. So this is something really important to understand the buyer's interest, their personalities and then change the internal IT or the ICT architectures. So the benefit story. So this will be related to people like an end user, Jeff, which is the business executive, Sanjay, who is the IT operations director and Jenny, who is the customer care manager. So it's a case, as I mentioned, we are working with a European operator. And the right which is the world's experience principle. So we apply the world's experience principle to guide, to make sure that every persona should get the experience the person is looking for. For example, the end user. The time they live over, real time and on demand, so-so, spreads good word of mouth. And also, well, to the IT operations director, very important. How can an architect do a good job to the operation guys? Well, we source to support new offers on demand and access to all capabilities and do it by himself, Sanjay. So the architecture blueprint from enterprise value goal. This is a simplified version, of course, the business capabilities corresponding to the COO, CSO, CMO and the CTO and enabling the application functions and key technologies. So driving from the experience, applying the world's experience principle, applying the business architecture and we are able to, from the enterprise value goal and all the way map be back to the key technologies. As you can see from the bottom right, while applying the world, performance surface, the virtual DC, qualification, all these technologies. And the legacy and new capabilities for only experience. So you can see from the color code, which is the gray color is the legacy and the red color are those new capabilities. So based on that, driving from the outside in, driving from the experience and map it back to the missing capabilities or what capabilities should be retired as well. So this is for the only experience. And this is for the digitized and agile operations. Similarly, same thing. So there's a lot of new capabilities are required in the digitized and agile operations perspective. And this is something well for my architecture team. So this is the business operations model. If we put everything together, map it back to different stakeholders from the board, CTIO, CDO, COO, a lot of business. So how everything can come back together to the front end and back end. I'm sure this is not something new to the architecture communities. But the important part is driving from the persona, driving from the customer experience. And then ultimately drive it back to the, to get all different kind of stakeholders able to get together to deliver the experience customer looking for. And it calls layer model wheel. Actually, this is quite interesting form I really, I pay attention to the architecture activities. I listen to many C level presentations is what we are doing ultimately must tie it back to the return on investment. So we, we talk about the key capabilities and orchestrations and then to the bottom rights, the application technology building will box. So move it back to the investment, move, go back to the ROI. But the ROI has to be in sync or in a way that communicate to the experience, the where it goes, the personas. Are we doing good enough? Or can we do better? And I think this is something we are trying to address and bring it up at the DB6 and the DSP guide, digital service provider guide. And for the DevOps and joint algebra delivery, this is from my company perspective. So a lot of us are active in the open source in the development operation space. So that one is more for the development and operations. How about for the, for the people who are from the, from the service buyer perspective, we believe that there's something we need to define, which is the joint algebra delivery. A buyer can work with the, maybe cloud operation team or cloud service provider. And then they don't worry much about the development side, but they really worry about the delivery of the services in the production stage. So this is something from, especially after the continuous delivery, going to the deployment stage. We are practicing that and we are applying this model in the only channel delivery, as I present earlier. And this is my last slide. Where to from here? So Huawei is keeping, well, forming the home of digital transformation. Mark kickoff with the digital space. I'm, I personally see there's a lot of talk, of course, in the industry because it's big. It's huge market. So I think Open Group is a good place to get everyone together because we have the, well, enterprise architecture, we have the IT for IT. We have the Open Platform 3.0 and others as well. So me as representing Huawei, so we would like to get everyone together. Let's focus on the digital transformation. Let's get multiple standard bodies. Well, at this moment, we are mostly working with, well, of course, Open Group, Telemanagement Forum, OpenStack, BA, ITO, OMG. So how can we get standard bodies together? And we are focusing on a specific topic, digital transformation. And the second one is move from the white paper to digital service provider e-guide. Yes, peace join us. And again, this is not something just about the telco. We believe the government, the finance and healthcare forums or participants can contribute a lot with us. And the next, which is the plan to share the joint agile delivery, not by me. I just do a warm-up here, which is, I think, maybe in London or in Austin Forum. So my colleagues from the business process and IT, they will be sharing the joint agile delivery. How we are doing that with the operator business. And we will share the reference architecture and implementation of using open source software. And I think that is something we can work with. Well, TJ is there while working with Boeing about the open architecture of using open source from the architecture and into the reference implementation. There will be something Huawei is really excited about. And finally, this is while building a better connected world. We look at all different aspects from the standards. And Huawei is, well, we look forward to working with others. Okay, thank you very much. Thank you, Trevor. Can I invite you to take a seat for a few questions? We've got some questions, I think, going to be asked from the back of the room. Anyone have any questions? There's one here. James Derave, our long-term VP of certification and now responsible for what goes on in India for the open group will ask the first question. So thank you. Thank you, Steve. Thank you very much, Trevor. So the first question is not a question. But could we please mention that DVCX working group will meet this afternoon from 2 till 3.30 in the Russian Hill Room up on floor 30. So those who want to participate in that, it's not currently on the printed degenerates. And there's one coming. Now, do we have any other questions? I had something to ask for questions. You talked about some of the benefits of the Omni approach. And one of the things I noticed was reduced cost of dealing with customer service inquiries and by going self-service among other things. And we heard Chris Harding talk this morning about how sometimes the experience of dealing with self-service and through online chats gives a less than desirable outcome. How do you get the balance right between the two? How do you design the right mix of the two? Well, it's a very good question, Steve. I think really when we oppose some of our clients, they also, well, return on investment as well. I think we really need to have a data to justify to show, OK, this particular segment of people, we can serve them better while we return. So I think it's all back to the data leak, the analytics. We cannot have silo data. And that is the power of cloud computing as well. So this is why why we really commit to the Open Platform 3.0 using the technology to enable better decision in the customer experience management investment. And the DB6 at this moment is sitting at the Open Platform and the architecture forums. I think it's a good way, the next stage is to start to bring into the ROI, the investment perspective into the forum works as well. Are there any specific in dealing with an online customer experience or certain age groups are more used to it? I'm trying to put this delicately. Age groups are more willing to not speak to a real person than others. Are there any specific strategies that you follow to take care of perhaps those that actually do want at the end of the day to be able to speak to a person? Well, so that's why we need to apply the only channel way. We can take data from low-matter watch channels and then we can analyze and understand the user behavior and then apply it the right way. This is not that easy actually. When you analyze, when you get the data and analyze and then apply the right channel and then consistent information, this is something we have been practicing. And I think as you say, even the young generation or maybe some people, actually the business traveler as well, they may not want to talk to the customer service during the business trip. How can we understand? And of course that will be back to the, I think, previously someone asked Mark about the data privacy as well. So the regulation part is where we need to really understand the local regulations and the security, data privacy and security policy per country basis. It's something interesting and I think that's why we pick this only channel case to show today. Yeah, that's a good point. There may be geographic and cultural influences on what works as well. Okay, thank you. Last call for any questions for Trevor, and we do have one Kirk. On the question of some people would like to do it live, some people might not. It strikes me that there will be a number of factors that you probably don't have access to, such as is the person in introvert or an extrovert, is something that could very much affect how they would like to deal with you, but you're not going to have data on that unless you force your customers to do Myers-Briggs, which probably is not feasible. I'm wondering how you manage things like that where the data is just, it seems to me not available. Well, of course, the definitions of available is really related to the business purpose. And again, it's back to the ecosystem. How can we not competing by a single product by ecosystem base? That is what we are trying in the, well, in Huawei, we have the consumer business group as well. So we are working in the ecosystem base, gathering data, not just from a particular touch point, but many, many different touch points, and keep testing it and trying to meet whether we meet the business purpose. There's a debate about, well, big data, fast data, whatever. There's a lot of different saying, but I think ultimately it's the business purpose. Thanks, and we have one more here. It's important to understand the customer to deliver a good experience. How can we do this without appearing to be intrusive? We've dealt. Appearing to be intrusive. Well, I think there's a lot of cases. Now, well, you can sign up, right, opt in. There's one of the way to do it, and lots of companies are practicing it. And also, well, I think in the telco side, we observe when you opt in and use the free Wi-Fi as well. I think ultimately it's a business answer. It's a gift and tick. How can we understand a particular person? You can give something the person is willing in return to give you access to data. So this is not just a technology question. It's a business question that we need to have a better understanding by analyzing different user behavior and interest. Yes. There's someone at the back. It's clearly different if it's a customer that you don't know that's a potential customer. But if you look at customers that you do know, you certainly can take their product information, what you know about them, and increasingly their social information, and try and predict both in-store and out-of-store experiences, correct? Yes, of course. That's why just now I mentioned about the ecosystem, competing for the ecosystem. I think now, well, with the API, especially the RESTful API technologies, it is very easy to share data and share information in the real time. And this is a totally new way we can compete behind the digital technologies. And actually, I also personally found that, you know what? Just now, in the break, I was reading the Hong Kong newspaper. It was quite interesting. I see an ad. It's about one of the best 10 San Francisco restaurants. Okay? How can you imagine that, right? Now, actually, they know my location. And the Hong Kong newspaper actually has an agreement with someone through their ecosystem and then pushed it up to me. And I just checked it out and that there are 10 restaurants. And it looks promising anyway. Yeah, they say in San Francisco you could eat at a different restaurant for the rest of your life and never eat in the same place twice. Yes. I think in conclusion, yes, well, understanding the experience, understanding the people, work from an ecosystem thinking, applying the digital technologies available. So I think there's a big space for us to compete. And by doing that, we can work as an expert at the B2B business. We can work across multiple industry segments. And that will be really something, wow, in our thinking, yes, it can be something really big in these smart X opportunities coming to us. Yeah. Okay. Thank you for the questions. Thank you, James. Thanks once again, Travis. Yeah, thanks. Great presentation. Thank you. You're welcome.


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