Hi, everybody. My name is Silvia Velli, and this is my talk, only an election away from code execution. So, a little bit about myself. I'm currently working as a web application pentester in an Estonian-based company called Clarified Security, so if you're asking where Estonia is, it's a far, far away land from here. And I consider myself to be a bit of a reversing enthusiast and a proud member of the Black Hood movement, which is basically a women-only reverse engineering workshop. So, the talk that I'm presenting to you today was part of my master's thesis. It was also the project that I was working on, which got me my very first CVEs. And by coincidence, this happens to be my very first conference talk, so let's see how that's going to go. So, thank you. So, those of you who have never heard of election framework, it is a framework developed and maintained by the GitHub team, so pretty famous, and it came around in 2013. However, back then, it was the platform on which the hackable text editor, Adam, was built upon. And in 2015, it got renamed to what we know of today as election. And the framework basically allows you to build multi-platform desktop applications. But the funny part here is that you're building those desktop applications by only using web technologies. So, yeah. And since it's using web technologies, it gives you pretty much a good platform if you want to move from web applications to desktop applications. As this case, these two worlds have sort of merged together almost unnoticeably. So, what got me into this topic first place? It was a bit of good luck from friends, but I started to notice these articles and news bulletins where people were talking about, they were getting cross-site scripting vulnerabilities from desktop applications, but these were transforming into code execution. So, I mean, how bad can that actually go? And not only this, but I started noticing people were discussing about election framework and all the vulnerabilities that started to pop up. And just few days ago, I happened to come by a tweet, which in my opinion was so spot on. So, can you imagine a person who would come up with an idea? Let's reinvent the desktop applications, but in such a way that we take one of the most common web application vulnerabilities, cross-site scripting vulnerability, and let's allow this to transform into native code execution. So, yeah. But nevertheless, soon being named started to adopt the framework. So, there were already these web applications by these, yeah, you can see on the logos, but then they came out with their own desktop applications, and soon tons of open source applications followed in GitHub, or even the ones that are listed on the official site that Electron has with all their documentation. And, yeah, as you see, in 2015, Electron came around with a bit of, a bit over 100,000 downloads by the NPM stats. But now, we were already in 2017, and then the download number was already over 4 million. So, you can imagine how it's going to be like in 2018. So, you can see how fast the framework got popularized. People were experimenting with it. But at the same time, if you come to this new environment, then you start experimenting, then things are, yeah, not going exactly the right in the first try. So, when I'm talking about the Electron framework, I'm actually talking about its three core components. The core components are Node.js, the lib Chromium content module from the Chromium project, which here is basically the core code that you need to even render a page. And then the VH JavaScript engine, which Node and the Chromium share a single instance of. So, similarly to Chromium, Electron also uses multiprocess architecture. What that means is, if you launch an Electron application, then there are two types of processes that are created. There's always the main process, never more than one. And then there is one or multiple renderer processes, which are associated with that main process, where they were created from. And each of the processes is running concurrently. And the processes resources and memory are isolated. So, in this case, it also serves the purpose of a safety mechanism. So, in case there is a fatal error in one of these processes, the rest of the application will survive. So, everything is cool. And to give you an overview of how a simple Electron application looks like, we can take three files. So, first of all, the index.js, sorry, the main.js. Then the index.html and the package.json file. So, package.json file here is what contains the main script. In our case, this is main.js. However, if you don't go there and mark it specifically, it's going to fall back to index.js. Then talking about index.html, then this file is what's going to contain everything that we want to display to the user. And, yeah, another good point here is that main.js, here is the application's entry point. So, this is what's going to get executed within the main process. However, all the content we're going to display to the user is going to get executed as a renderer process. And Electron, being such a good framework, it's a bit of irony here, but being such a good framework, provides you a set of framework-specific APIs besides the built-in node models themselves. And these framework-specific APIs are either accessible to the main process, to the renderer process, or in a couple of cases, to both of them. And I'm not going to go into too much detail here, as there's so many framework-specific APIs, but for the scope of this talk, we should know that in Electron applications, main process is what is responsible for creating and managing new browser windows, as well as a set of events during the lifetime of that application while it's launched. And whenever you are creating a new browser window, this is something that is the responsibility of the main process. Then a set of web-preference options becomes available to you. So, the browser window is created by using an Electron-specific API called Browser Window, which contains the browser window class. And inside the browser window, the web-preference options allow you to give certain features to your renderer process. For example, it is possible to control the use of developer tools. So, if you have a desktop application, you can see the developer tools, you can see, for example, the HTML code you have there. So, this can prove to be very useful if you're either trying to debug your program, or in my case, if I'm trying to identify a vulnerability. And it is also possible to change the value of sandbox option. So, by default, the sandbox option there is always false. Because otherwise, you would lose the desktop-like experience what Electron is trying to provide you with. So, you need to be able to interact with your system. However, if you, for some reason, decide to go and turn the sandbox option to true, it will be equal to having a sandbox of the Chrome browser. So, you lose the ability to interact with the system, as well as, for example, if the developer has made the decision, I'm having a static page, I don't need it. So, that's okay. However, if you, for example, need to traverse the file system, then that's a big no. You just can't do it. Otherwise, your application won't work. And then, as soon as you decide to enable the sandbox, this means you're going to automatically disable the Node.js engine. But as a separate option here, Node integration, which was what I was focusing on during this project, I'm going to demonstrate you how this option actually works. So, if I'm having a simple index.html file, so remember we had three files, right? And in index.html file, I have a script. I'm attempting to require the OS module, so my Node.js engine is turned on. And I'm requiring the module in order to ask further questions. What is the platform? What is the home directory of the machine on which my application is running up on? I want to display that information. So, if you take the script and you place it into a context where Node integration has been set to true, you get exactly what you asked for. However, if you place the same script into the conditions where your renderer process has Node integration set to false, then instead we are shown the reference error. You can't require anything anymore. So, maybe this was the case where developer was right. He wanted it that way. However, let's take the same script once more and place it in a super nice context. So, we are in the presence of an application which has a cross-site scripting vulnerability. And therefore, the attacker here is able to inject code. However, let's put this cross-site scripting vulnerability also to the context where Node integration is enabled. So, therefore, here, this transforms into code execution. So, that's what's been going on through the news for the past two weeks a lot. And, yeah, funnily enough, this is not all. So, if you see how the processes in election framework are created, then you will notice there's a lot of freedom. Because, yeah, for example, if you look at the process from task manager, you will see that renderer processes by default are created with Node integration always enabled. So, this is something that the framework is doing for you. But at the same time, when you don't need the Node, then you're in trouble. So, that made me have two assumptions here. I was assuming that in most cases, as web preference options are only optional, the developers won't go the extra mile and go and set it to false if they don't need it. And my second assumption here was that since we are having now web technologies in a desktop environment, so now these web developers coming to an environment where they have maybe never been. So, maybe they start feeling a bit more safe. Because, I mean, how can a cross-site scripting vulnerability actually exist on a desktop? So, yeah, based on those two assumptions, I got myself a goal. So, I wanted to know how often can I actually find a situation where the cross-site scripting vulnerability was my perfect match. So, with Node, right? And in order to do that, I went to GitHub, open source projects. I picked out 30 applications. I gathered some initial information on those applications because that was my first time using election. And I wanted to know how many browser window instances are actually created, what were the web preference options and their values, as well as if I can identify a cross-site scripting vulnerability from there. I mean, cross-site scripting vulnerability has been around since 90s. So, what are the odds? I mean, I wasn't born that time yet. So, yeah. So, what I gathered here was different information about the framework specific APIs which they required. What was the remote content that they wanted to introduce in their applications and then finally, options which was most interesting part. And what I saw here was that these 30 applications only required 16 out of the 56 framework specific APIs. So, that's not even a half. And if your node is enabled, you're going to have access to all of those. So, think about this as an attacker here. And the most valuable functionality here laid within the main process APIs. And quite often you can see from the renderer process, the remote module was used. So, this is the module that you can use to evoke functionality that is only available to the main process. So, you let main process do something for you, you get the results back and you're happy. When it came to remote content, these four ways what I tried to gather information on came from the official documentation of election. However, the suggested ways I found out weren't actually used that often. And the developers preferred to open any kind of remote content within the user's default browsers. So, maybe they felt a little bit more safe there. And in 10 applications, the content that they included was all served over HTTP. So, when it came to the web preference options, I actually here focused basically only on the node integration. And if you remember my assumptions, my assumptions were that these options would most likely be untouched. So, the 30 applications ended up creating 52 browser window instances. And in 41 cases, my assumption was correct. Nobody touched it. And in five cases, the developers went and changed, sorry, and set the value to true again just to be sure that I have these nodes there. Even though that was the default value. And then in six cases, the developers, I assumed they made the correct decision. We don't need it. Turn it off. So, based on these numbers, I actually had now 46, was it 46? Yeah. 46 chances to go and hunt for cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. So, what are the odds that I'm going to find one? At least one. So, instead, I ended up with 10. And the funny part here is that if you look a bit more closely, then the most popular election-based applications, obviously, are either markdown editors or node keeping applications. So, I guess we have a lot of nodes to keep. And basically, if you, well, I'm going to give you a golden rule here. If you're going to go to the election applications official page, you're going to see the applications that are advertised there. Pick one, try this, and you're going to have a code execution. So, how did these code executions actually look like? So, the first application, the Liano desktop application. That was a good case. Because Liano also has a web application. And if you have the desktop version on your machine, and in this case, this application was node sharing application. So, you have a bunch of friends using the same notebook. It's all about cooperation. So, you have a super nice friend who's going to create you a new node. Then this node is not vulnerable within the web application. We have really nice browsers these days.  So, how the attack vector here looks like? It's a nice picture. So, you have a nice friend. Your nice friend creates you a new node with an awesome title. Let me invite you to my birthday party. But behind that birthday party, there's a nice code execution. So, as soon as you synchronize the data, you will have everything from your machine. Then the script that I introduced here to the developers, what made them freak out was me creating a child process, which is actually so nice to help you with with their framework-specific APIs. And I used this to spawn a shell. And, yeah, voila! So, yeah, that was the end result. So, by the time you're displayed this nice alert, which I used to assure developers that the script actually was executed, I already had your ETC password file. So, then came the fruits of the hard labor I did here. So, I told the developers you have this nice vulnerability there, but I didn't get any answer. And, finally, when I did, the only answer was thank you, even though I hadn't even sent them a report yet. So, I guess they're not too eager to fix them. And, yeah, so, getting to the second example. I guess we're in a role here with the markdown editors. So, that was the case of Shiba. In Shiba's case, the attack factor was a little bit different, because you, as an attacker, would have to convince your victim to open a crafted MD file. And, in this case, I presented them a script similar to the one that I showed you in the last example. But, I'm going to show you how it would look like as a video, if I'm able to get it there. Tell me if you can see it. Can you? All right. And it's gone. So, basically, what happened here was me presenting two views of an attacker and a victim. If I'm opening a netcat on 1337, waiting for my connection back. So, the only thing victim needed to do here was to open application, get my birthday invite as a markdown file for some weird reason, and I'm having a reverse shell. So, I mean, if this is not the easiest reverse shell you've ever seen in a desktop application that I don't know what is. So, yeah, I can see it here. So, there's a bit tricky. Travel. Yeah, I'm going to travel. You sure? I don't think this will move, though. Bless you. Okay, this is weird. Yeah, this is weird. Okay. So, yeah, success. Okay. So, moving along with a editor. So, that was another case of a code execution, as you can imagine. And why I'm presenting this case here was the fun fact that it had a super nice project owner. So, I presented this vulnerability to the developer, and I got no response as usual, but a month later, I got this nice message in my inbox saying that the guy had actually given his project to another guy. So, now there was two projects with code execution in GitHub, including all the previous versions that were already vulnerable. So, then the new guy ended up getting the project. He had no idea the code execution was there. And once I told him, then there was this ticket change saying that help wanted. So, this new guy was pretty much in big trouble. And, yeah, so, the deal with desktop applications is once you download it, it's there. So, the chances you going to upgrade one, like with web application, you don't even notice. So, the vulnerable versions just remain to be there, even if one of the versions later gets fixed. So, and the last case, which came actually from last week out of my free time for fun. And this time, it was a markdown editor, which happened to be synchronizing the data from everywhere. All the cloud services ever know, Dropbox, OneNote, your name, it was there. So, that gives a lot of attack vectors to have that information later on your desktop. So, yeah, I mean, I don't know how nice that feels, but I don't think I'm going to use a markdown editor pretty soon, built an election. So, and, yeah, that's what I presented here, because, I mean, developers need to have some fun, too. And, but this was actually my best experience, because I got a response back in 36 minutes. By the next day, it was fixed and everybody were happy. So, that was a really good ending to the story. And the lessons learned or take away from myself or for you is, well, basically, if you go to this page that I suggested you to go to, you're going to have a lot of fun, but don't use stuff from there. And basically, if you give the person a chance not to do something, they're not going to do it. Like, never. And, yeah, it's a really good playing field. If you want to have a lot of golden findings, you're going to find them. I'll promise you. And some ideas, actually, that I was thinking about, maybe somebody will come up with better ideas. I'm not a developer. So, if you happen to have this match of cross-scripting vulnerability with node integration enabled. So, then you would instantly be able to access all the modules that the framework or node provides you. But what if you would be able to control what kind of modules you can use during the lifetime of the application? Let's see, from a configuration file. So, that, for me as an attacker, for example, that would limit the functionality that I'm able to use. So, maybe that could be useful in this case. And then the second thing. It would need an extra movement from the developers, but I would go the extra mile and set the node integration to false for obvious reasons. So, in the case you have a static page or you don't need to interact with the operating system, then it's going to be turned off. You don't really need to go and worry about it. But if something is not working, you can go and try. Okay. I'll switch it on. I'll see if it works. So, yeah. These are the two things that I would suggest here. And this is my way out. So, thank you.


introduction to effective presentations. How to put the power into PowerPoint. Your story needs WOW. I have a question. How can you make more money and learn English too? Here's another question. How can you make more money and present your very important story? Remember these questions. So this presentation will show you how to make a presentation to tell your story about you or something very important about you or to sell services with your company. It also has some specific examples that help you understand how to make your powerful presentation something that tells something important about you or your company. Your presentation has three parts. The most important part is the introduction because it must attract the attention of readers and listeners and keep the attention. The body is a few slides, sometimes upwards of five slides, and its purpose is to inform and persuade. A summary restates and proves what you have said and asks people to act. So your presentation. The introduction is part one. Start your introduction with a question or a statement. The question form is something like how can I or how can you follow to buy a question that is appropriate to your presentation? For example, a question. How can you get your house cleaned quickly and soon by someone who loves to work hard? So if you're creating a statement for your introduction, it needs to be in the form of I propose that you and then you finish it appropriate to your presentation content. An example of a statement. I propose that you listen to a solution to your house cleaning need. Part two the introduction. Follow your introduction, question or statement with an objective. It should be simple and at most true three lines. It should be well worded as well. So well worded means that the words are carefully chosen and not too many. People will want to listen if the words are clear. For example, I will show you that I am the best person for cleaning your house in the next three slides. I know you are. The content is the main body of the presentation and it should be at most five slides. Each slide should have at most of six bullet points, preferably three to five bullet points. And the font size should be large enough so that everyone can see. 24 is usually what is recommended. And it's important to pick a soothing, peaceful background and color so that people are not distracted. If you want color then not when you add images and you add one or two images. Not for every slide but maybe for every other slide. So draft your content pages and then have your instructor or another student review the words and grammar for correctness. Remember words are very powerful so don't use too many. So that was about the written text and now it's time to mention the nonverbal part of the message. Nonverbal message is very important for both face-to-face messages and online communication. Make sure to smile a lot, especially online because everyone can tell from your voice that you love what you talk about when you smile. Believe in what you say. Practice your message and your confidence and belief will build. Stand up straight in a face-to-face message and for online sit up straight and smile. So remember those questions at the beginning of this presentation? This presentation has shown you how to sell your company services or tell your story well and you will improve your English by reviewing and revising the text message. Ask your instructor to review your introduction and then try out your introduction with classmates and also practice your presentation and remember to ask for questions and to thank the people at the end of it. Now you can build your presentation so that you can make more money in your business, build new relationships and tell your story with confidence so people will want to know you. The next video is an example of a presentation that sells landscaping services and I can't wait to tell you more. Thank you.


English vocabulary word of the day, squash, from espressoenglish.net. First let's work on the pronunciation. S-Q-U sounds like in the word square. The letter A has the A sound, like in father and wash. And the final SH sounds like in fish and cash. Say the word after me. Squash. The word squash refers to a category of vegetable. The picture shows various types of squash. Squash has a hard exterior, and you eat the inside. The word squash also refers to a specific sport. It's played in a room with two players who have rackets and who hit a small blue ball off the walls. Finally, squash can be a verb, meaning to crush something by applying pressure. In the picture, the person is about to squash a spider with his shoe. That's three meanings for the word squash. If you'd like to expand your vocabulary further, check out my Vocabulary Builder course. You can click the link in the video for a couple of free sample lessons from levels one and two of the course.


In a study done by I4CP, high-performing organizations were twice as likely to support continuous learning and development of their employees. How often do you reward leaders who develop their subordinates? What kind of assessments would you use to measure the commands and commanders who conduct effective team development? Deciding how progress will be measured, monitored, and reported is one of the first steps for organizations that want to reshape their culture. Kevin Oakes lists 18 actionable steps in his book, Culture Renovation. His research is relevant considering CNO's comments when he discussed the root cause for the performance gap between our highest and lowest performing organizations as an outdated approach to institutional learning. How do you measure, monitor, and report your approach to learning? Read well this week.


Welcome back after break. Just before we went for our break, we were studying Titus chapter 3, verses 10 and 11, where Paul is writing about false teachers and what, how Titus has to deal with them. And so he says reject divisive man, you know, first and second time just admonish them, but then after that, you know, totally just shun, avoid them, don't formally excommunicate them, but have nothing to do with them. And then he says that in the same verse in verses 10 and verse 11, he says, you know, such, such a person is warped, which means warped or twisted.  And they themselves begin to live in a life of sin. And basically, hence he says that they are warped or twisted warped means, you know, they turn the truth inside out.   It can also be understood to mean that, you know, these warped or twisted teachers, you know, are condemning whatever they're saying, you know, it's condemning their own behavior or whatever they're teaching is condemning their own behavior or they are condemned by their own behavior because they're teaching something, their lifestyle shows something else. They're teaching, you know, all of these genealogies and, you know, do all of these, you know, follow all of these dietary laws or these food laws and, you know, circumcision that will make you righteous. But actually, if you look at their lives, they are living a life of sin. So, you know, they're trying to achieve righteousness through keeping all of these strict laws and rituals and genealogies and all of that has no, has makes no sense because the life that they're living is not right. Okay, not right standing with God. It can be easily seen that they're living a sinful life. So, you know, these twisted teachers are condemned by their own behavior. So Paul is saying you don't have to discuss with them or argue with them or the sun because they'll just leave them to themselves. Why? Because at one point of time, their own behavior will condemn their own twisted teaching. And then he goes on to talk about providing for God's people in verses 12 to 14, where, you know, he ends almost this letter by talking about a few people that he mentions in verses 12 to 14 and tells Titus to provide for some people who he's writing here in these verses. So can one of you please read chapter 3 verses 12 to 14, please? 12 to 14, and he reads, As soon as I send Artemis and Titus to you, do your best to come to me to Nicopolis because I have decided to winter here, there. Do everything you can to help Zenas, the lawyer and Apollos on their way and see that they have everything they need. Our people must learn to devote themselves to doing what is good in order to provide for urgent needs and not leave unproductive lives. Amen. Thank you, Sayi.  So we know that it shows us very clearly that Paul did not labor alone. He worked along or labored along with a team of people who were committed to ministry just as he was, who labored with him for the cause of Christ. And so, you know, here he again mentions a few significant members of his team. He mentions a person called Artemis, and this is the only reference for this man, Artemis, is found here. From his name, we can guess that he was a Gentile. And the fact that Paul considered him a worthy replacement for Titus, we can, you know, we can just come to a conclusion that he was someone who was competent, knowledgeable, faithful, and a mature, committed, passionate man of God. And Titus met Paul in Nicopolis after he left Crete. He went to Nicopolis, met Paul, and then headed north to Dalmatia. And then, you know, probably it was Artemis who replaced Titus at Crete. The next person is Taikikis. He was another faithful Gentile believer who is part of a native of Asia, which is western part of Turkey today. He had traveled along with Paul and his, you know, other men during the third mystery journey. We read this in Acts chapter 20, verse 4. And then later on, when Paul was, you know, imprisoned during his first Roman imprisonment, this house arrest, he was with Paul during this time. And Paul sent the letters to the churches at Ephesius, Colosse, with Taikikis. So Taikikis took the letter of Ephesians and Colossians to the churches. And he also, when he took these letters, Taikikis, you know, he spoke to the churches at Ephesians, at Colosse, about Paul's circumstances. We read this in Ephesians chapter 6, verse 21 and 22. And Colossians chapter 4, verse 7 and 9. And later Paul, you know, sent him to Ephesians to relieve Timothy so that, you know, perhaps Timothy could join Paul in Rome before his execution, but really did not happen. And then we see that Paul calls Taikikis a beloved brother and faithful servant and, you know, a born servant in the Lord. We read this in Colossians chapter 4, verse 7.  Next, he mentions a person called Zennis, who is a lawyer. And Zennis is the only reference here in the Bible in Titus chapter 3. His Greek name may mean that he was also a Gentile. He was a Gentile lawyer. But the fact that he was poor enough, you know, caused Paul to ask Titus to help supply his needs, you know, so that, you know, he can be helped in his journey forward. You know, so here was Zennis, you know, along with a Paulist, you know, Paul is saying, hey, you guys just help these men so that, you know, they could be helped and then they can journey on and continue on their missionary journey or wherever they had to go. So these two men probably, you know, carried the episode of Titus to lead. And then the last person mentioned there is a Paulist. He was a Jew from Alexandria, that is Northern Egypt today. He was an eloquent, very eloquent orator. You know, he knew the Old Testament told us to do very well. Acts 18 was 24 and 25 also said that he was had a very, you know, was very fervent in his spirit. And he came to Ephesus, where Paul's close friends or teammates, core laborers, Priscilla and Aquila, you know, they invested their time and imparted into a Paulist's life. They taught him more of the way of God, taught him more of the gospel, more accurately, because he was well worse in the Old Testament scripture, but you know, they taught him the gospel and taught him the way of God more accurately. And the fact that, you know, even though he was such a learned man and mighty in scriptures and fervent in spirit, like we read in Acts chapter 18 was 24-25. The very thing that he sat and listened and, you know, was willing to be taught by these, this couple, Aquila and Priscilla, you know, shows that he had a very humble and teachable heart. And also we read that he had a very powerful ministry at Corinth. And then here in these verses Paul also mentions, you know, and let our people also learn to maintain good work. So he's basically, our people here is referring to the Christians or the believers, the saints at Crete. All believers, even though they go unnamed, even those who are living in obscure villages in Crete, you know, Paul says they are still part of the team. They're considered part of the body of Christ and they are to learn to take a lead in good works, which means, you know, their salvation should translate in doing good works for society, for people around, so that people would know the true and living God. And then he says to maintain good work. So again, Paul repeats one last time, you know, that Christians must learn to take a lead in good deeds. And then he also, as he's just mentioned, you know, Zeniths and Apollos, they need help in their journey and their ministry. So, you know, it will, it will be an excellent way for an excellent occasion for the people at Crete to engage in good works by just, you know, blessing Zeniths and Apollos with all of their needs. And also, they have the privilege of, you know, just doing good works. So, the Apostle Paul is reminding them of the privilege and opportunity they have at hand to do good works to Zeniths and Apollos. And then he ends this letter with a farewell in verse 15. He says, all who are with me, greet you, greet those who love us in the faith. So, all those were Paul's and their greetings to Titus.  So, he chooses to close with these words, grace be with you all, which expresses not only his affection, but his desire for all believers, since grace is so vital, you know, for our experience. And I'll walk with the Saviour. Grace is not only the source of our salvation that we studied about in the preceding verses, but it's also the basis of our sanctification, our fruitfulness and our reward. So, we looked at, you know, the verses last Monday, you know, where he spoke about what grace does for us, you know, in verses 12 to 14, grace trains us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires. Grace trains us to live sensibly, righteously and godly in this present generation. Grace also trains us to live in godliness by looking ahead and behind. And hence, he also says that, you know, it's the grace of God that brought us salvation, that Christ's righteousness has imputed upon us, not because of our righteousness, but his perfect righteousness. We receive that as a merit because of the grace of God. So he says grace is not only the source of our salvation, but also the basis of our sanctification, fruitfulness and reward. And thus he ends this letter with grace be with you all. Any questions on Titus chapter 3? No questions? Okay, if there are no questions, then we'll move on to the last book that we have to study. It's a very, you know, short and a small book just has one chapter that is Philemon. We'll look at the introduction to the book of Philemon and then we'll study the book of Philemon. Before that, anyone has any questions, any doubts, anything you want me to explain again in Titus? No? Okay. Let's all turn to the book of Philemon. I'll just give you an introduction to Philemon and then we'll study chapter 1. It just has one chapter. Okay. So the author of the book of Philemon is Paul himself because, you know, the book of Philemon, Paul refers to himself as the author thrice here in verse 1 in verse 9 and verse 19. So he is the author of this book of Philemon or the letter of two Philemon. Paul writes this book, you know, or writes this letter to Philemon during his first Roman imprisonment, even as he wrote the other letters to the church at Colossian Episcis. That is Colossians and Ephesians. Along with that, he writes the letter to Philemon and this is all during his first Roman imprisonment. So how do we know that Paul wrote this letter to Philemon during his first Roman imprisonment is because in this letter to Philemon, Paul clearly mentions himself as a prisoner. So in verses 1, verse 9, verse 10, verse 23, he writes and he says as a prisoner. So basically, we know that he was in Roman imprisonment, his first Roman imprisonment, and during that time he writes this letter. Paul's imprisonment also seems to be, you know, from the same location as, you know, he writes the book of a letter to the church at Colossian Ephesians, that is Ephesians and Colossians, because the names that are mentioned in Philemon in chapter 10 and verses, sorry, in verses 10 and verses 22 and 24, or in verses 10, 22, 23 and 24, the same names that are mentioned in the letter to the church at Colossians in Colossians chapter 4 verses 7 to 17. So it becomes very clear that they are written in the same location because the names Epiphorus, Mark, Artichus, Archipus, Demus, Luke, Onissimus, Paul and Timothy are all mentioned in Colossians chapter 4 verses 7 to 17 and also in Philemon in verses 10 and verses 22 to 24. In Colossians chapter 4 verses 7 to 10, Tychicus was entrusted to deliver the letter to Philemon and Colossians because Philemon lived at Colossae. So, you know, the letter to Philemon, which is a personal letter, and the church or the believers of the churches at Colossae, which was a ball had given Tychicus to entrusted him with this responsibility. And when he took these letters, he was accompanied with Onissimus, which is mentioned in Colossians chapter 4 verses 7 to 9. And it's the same, Onissimus was mentioned in the book of Philemon as well. Now Paul was, you know, under house arrest in Rome during his first Roman imprisonment, which allowed, you know, people to visit him, his co-workers, and also that is why they say that he wrote this from his first Roman imprisonment because it gave him the opportunity for someone like a runaway slave like Onissimus to come meet him, for Paul to meet him, for Paul to share the Gospel with him, lead him to Christ, and also to mentor him, which would not have been possible if it was, you know, like he was during his second Roman imprisonment. And Dr. Lou, who wrote the book of Acts, you know, was with Paul in Rome during his first Roman imprisonment, and we read the details that he mentions in the book of Acts. So that is why they say that based on all of these criteria, they say that he wrote the letter to Philemon during his first Roman imprisonment. Now some commentary writers say that, or understand that, you know, Paul might have written this from Theria, but, you know, it's unlikely because, you know, it's not possible for a slave to run away from Colossae, to a place like Cysterea, which is a small city where he could be easily noticed and caught. But it's possible that he could have run away to a huge populace place like Rome, which is so highly densely populated with so many people and it's difficult to, you know, to look out for one slave among these huge populace people. So it's possible that he would have gone to Rome where he would have met with Paul who was, when Paul was under house arrest. And also people say it's not possible that Paul had written it from Cysterea because Paul expects to be released in the near future. That's why, that's what he writes to Philemon.   And he writes this in verse 22 of this letter to Philemon. So this is probable because, you know, he knew that he was in house arrest. He would soon be released, but this would not have been the case if he was in Cysterea where Paul knew that his only hope was to appeal to Caesar. Now, some people or commentary writers theologians say that he, he wrote this letter to Philemon from Ephesus, which is also not the possibility and unlikely reason because there's no evidence to confirm or affirm that Paul was implicit. In Ephesus, and also it's unlikely that Onesimus could have run away to a place like Ephesus, you know, it was because it was more than 100 miles away from Colossus. It was very far off. It couldn't have possibly run away to Ephesus. And, you know, and he couldn't have been there long enough to know Paul, but it was most likely at home. So they're saying that it was at Rome that, you know, Paul wrote this letter during his first Roman house arrest or Roman imprisonment. Now, what is a date? This book was written in, you know, according to the epistles of Colossian and Ephesian, you know, according to those letters and Taiki case apparently taking Onesimus along with him going back to Colossae. You know, taking that letter to the church at Colossae and to the church at Ephesus and to Philemon, it's most probably they say that it was written around AD 61. Now, who is Onesimus? Onesimus is a runaway slave of this man called Philemon. And in Philemon chapter one was 18.  And he ran away to Rome, which was heavily and densely populated. And hence he felt that it would have been, it would be a safe place for him to hide there. And in Rome, you know, he somehow came into contact with Paul, who was in prison and, you know, come into writers suggest two possibilities as to how he met Paul. One is, they say that Epaphorus had come from Colossae to visit Paul. And we read about his visit in Colossians chapter one, verse seven and eight and verse four, chapter four, verses 12 to 13. So Epaphorus, who belonged to Colossae where Philemon lived where Onesimus was a slave of Philemon, also lived in Colossae. And hence, you know, because the church met at Philemon's house and Philemon was one of the leaders of the church so people know him. And so Epaphorus would have come there, he would have seen the slave Onesimus and he might have recognized Onesimus when he ran away and went to Rome. And it would have been Epaphorus who would have brought him to Paul in contact with Paul so that Paul can share the gospel and lead him to Christ. Or it could also be that Onesimus, you know, may have been exhausted with all of his funds and he was in a desperate need. And, you know, he would have been very familiar with his name Paul because, you know, the church at Colossae, everyone knew Paul, he was an apostle. Philemon was closely related to Paul. And so, you know, he would have looked at Paul as his last resort to find help. And with this, you know, Paul led him to Christ and later on we see that, you know, Onesimus became very useful to Paul in his ministry. So when Paul, when Onesimus met Paul, Paul took an interest in him, you know, he shared the gospel, Onesimus accepted Christ. He became very useful to Paul, he ministered to Paul when Paul was in prison. And Onesimus became so dear to Paul that Paul calls him his son in the faith. We read this in verse 10 in this letter. And so much so that Paul wanted to keep him in Rome and not send him back to Colossae, back to Philemon. We read this in verse 13. Back since Onesimus belonged to Philemon and it was in accordance with the Roman law and Christian fellowship, you know, and his moral duty. We see that Paul not only writes to people and say, hey, you know, you have to follow the law, even though you don't like the government, even though you don't like the rules of the land, we think that it is not righteous. It's not from God, it is human. But we see Paul himself, you know, even though he says, hey, you know, you have to follow the government, you have to submit to authorities, you have to follow the law of the land. He himself, you know, follows it. So he wants to keep Onesimus back with him because he's been very useful in the ministry, but he sends him back.  And also according to Christian fellowship. So, you know, Paul sent Onesimus back to Colosse with Padikius, who took the episode of Colossians along with him and the letter to Philemon. And we see that in this letter, Paul requests Philemon to receive Onesimus as a beloved brother in the Lord, you know, not as a slave, because now he's not that, you know, pagan slave, but he is a born again slave, part of family. So he says, hey, receive him back as a beloved brother in the Lord. We read this in verse 10 and 16. And also, you know, he sends him back with the hope that Philemon will send Onesimus back to Paul because he's useful to Paul in the ministry, verse 21. So we see that even as Paul writes, we studied this in First Timothy, we studied this in the book of Romans. We studied in Titus chapter 2 where Paul says how, you know, slaves ought to behave, how we need to treat slaves. And he's been that exactly, you know, treating them like brothers in Christ. So we see that Paul not only writes to people telling them what they should be doing and what they should not be doing, but he himself follows it in his own life. Now, you could ask this question, why is a personal letter like this that's talking about a runaway slave? A personal letter to a person called Philemon writes in the book of, writes one of the books in the Bible. Why should it even be there in the Bible? Because it's just a personal letter. Of course, First Timothy, Second Timothy and Titus were also letters to people, but it also had, you know, church administration, a whole lot of church administration and what needs to be done. And that letter will be read to the churches, but this is more a personal letter. And why is this personal letter to Philemon in our Bible? So, you know, that question can pop up in our minds. So what commentary writers say that is in 80, 110, the Bishop of Ephesus was named, was a person called Onesimus. And they're saying that this could be the same. Onesimus, the runaway slave, went to Rome, you know, who became a believer. And if Onesimus was in his late teens or his early 20s, when Paul wrote this letter or, you know, when he met Paul and all that happened and he wrote this letter to Philemon, he could have been about 70 years old when it was 80, 110. And that was not an unreasonable age for a bishop in those days. And there's also some historical evidences that, you know, the letters of Paul were first gathered together as a group in the city of Ephesus. And perhaps, you know, Philemon being the bishop compiled the letters and wanted to make sure that his letter, you know, or his contract of freedom was included in the canonical books or in the books of the Bible. And that's why they're saying that, you know, the letter to Philemon was also included in the Bible. So that's briefly introduction to the book of Philemon. Anyone has any questions? Any questions? Okay. Okay, if there are no questions, then we will look at chapter one. There's only one chapter in the book of Philemon. So we'll study chapter one of this letter to Philemon. Okay, and one of you please read verses one to three, please. Philemon chapter one verses one to three. Anyone can read that for us, please. Philemon chapter one, one to three. Paul, a prisoner for Christ Jesus said, Timothy, our brother, to Philemon, our beloved fellow worker, and Afiya, our sister, and Archipus, our fellow soldier, and a church in your house. Grace to you and peace from God, our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Thank you, Rupa. So here Paul begins by saying Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus. So the beginning of this letter is very unusual. Of the 13 letters that Paul has written to various churches or individuals. In nine of such letters he calls himself as an apostle in the opening verse. We saw this in 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Romans, and Titus as well. But in this letter, along with the letters to the church at the Thessalonica and Philippi, which is Philippians and 2 Thessalonians, Paul appealed to his leader more as a friend and less as an apostle. So along with this letter and along with Philippians and 1 Thessalonians, Paul is making an appeal more as a friend and less as an apostle. But, you know, we see that other letters Paul usually identifies himself as an apostle. But on this occasion, he's basically writing to a personal letter to a personal friend. So a friend writing to a friend and he drops his official title. He's not writing as Paul the apostle, you know, but Paul as a prisoner of Christ. And here at the very beginning of this letter, Paul lays aside all appeal to authority.  So you have to take back Onesimus as, you know, as a slave. He's a runaway slave. He's robbed your money. He's done wrong to you. I agree. But you have to forgive him, take him back, not as a slave, but as a brother.  So Paul is not writing this on the terms of authority, which he could have used, but he's making an appeal as a friend to another friend. And he's making an appeal out of sympathy and on the basis of love alone. So when Paul calls himself a prisoner of Christ Jesus, he says more than he's in prison because of the gospel. He sees in his outward circumstances that that is his imprisonment and image of his spiritual condition, where he is basically identifying himself as a prisoner that is bound to Christ Jesus. So outwardly, he's a prisoner of the Roman government, but in reality, you know, he's bound and he's so dependent on Christ that he is a prisoner of Christ. And then he goes on to mention and Timothy, our brother. So Timothy was with Paul when this letter was written and probably Timothy knew Philemon well as new Timothy Philemon. And hence Paul mentions his greetings on behalf of Timothy as well. And then he says to Philemon. So this letter is addressed to Philemon who was Onesimus' master. Now his name is only found in the first verse of this letter or this epistle. And we know nothing much about this person Philemon except that what we learned from this letter. So what do we learn from this letter that Philemon lived at Colossae? And you know, there was a church that met at this house. We know this from verse one. And I said in those days they had, you know, all met in house churches. And he was also a convert of Paul, which means Paul led into Christ. We know this through verse 19 where it says, not to mention that you owe me your very self, which means that, hey, I am the one who led you to Christ. So he must have been converted by Paul either at Ephesus or elsewhere. But most probably in Ephesus, because we know that, you know, for three years Paul had a good ministry at Ephesus, specifically for two years where he taught continuously in the School of Tireneus. And we know that when we started the book of Timothy that, you know, many churches, many people were trained in this School of Tireneus and they went out toward surrounding regions of Ephesus and how, you know, they raised up those churches. The seven churches in and around Ephesus. So, you know, so it's most probably that, you know, Philemon was led to Christ and also built up in the faith, mentored by Paul, taught by Paul. It was two years when he was ministering the School of Tireneus. We also know that Philemon was a wealthy man because if he had to own slaves, we read this in verse 10, verse 11 and 16, that, you know, he should have been a wealthy man. Also, he was a wealthy man because he would have had a big house to accommodate a church to meet in his place. Verse two, we see that a church meeting in his place. Also, we know that he would have been a wealthy man because Paul speaks of his kindness and generosity towards Christians, which Paul writes about in verse five to verse seven. And also that Paul request him for a place to come and stay, which means he would have had a huge house which has places for other people to come and lodge and stay, which we read in verse 22. And then he says, our beloved friend and fellow laborer, so he Paul calls Philemon his beloved friend and fellow laborer. This shows the deep personal relationship that Paul shares with his co-workers and fellow laborer would also, you know, seem reasonable to assume that, you know, Philemon was a leader of the church at Colossae and not occupious as some scholars state. And then in verse two, it goes on to say to beloved Appiah. So Appiah was basically, you know, Philemon's wife and she's not mentioned anywhere else in the New Testament, you know, but why is Paul mentioning Appiah? Because the customs of those days was, you know, that the wife would supervise all the slaves in the household. So since Paul was writing about Onesimus was a runaway slave, it also involved Appiah's decision, so he also mentions her name. And then here it mentions occupious. Occupious, some people say is, you know, Philemon and Appiah's son, but some people say that, hey, you know, his name is mentioned in Colossians chapter four, verse 17, where Paul admonishes occupious concerning his work and says to occupious, take heed of the ministry which you have received in the Lord that you may fulfill it. So some people say occupious was the pastor of the church meeting at Philemon's house. And some scholars say that it was not occupious, but it was Philemon, but anyway, his name is mentioned here. And yes, he says, you know, occupious a fellow soldier, so he may have been a Christian teacher at Colossae. That's why Paul calls him a fellow soldier and probably a member of Philemon's family. And then he goes on to say that to the church that meets at your home. So he says, you know, he greets the people who meet the church that the saints and the believers who gathered at Philemon's house. And, you know, we know that Christians had no places of gathering, they did not have their own church buildings, but they met in house churches. And hence, you know, Philemon had a church meeting at his house. And he says in verse three, grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. So again, from God is Paul's customary greetings found in each one of his letters. However, in this greeting, it's not directed towards a congregation or believers of the church, but just to an individual that is to Philemon. And hence this makes this letter very unique among Paul's other writings. And, you know, this Philemon really is a personal note written by Paul to one man. And we know that grace, mercy and peace comes to us from God the Father. He's the source, the giver and the one who blesses us with grace, mercy and peace. God our Father, you know, unlike the other epistles that Paul writes here. He does not say God the Father, but God who is a father to us, which means God is fatherly. That is, you know, he's talking about the father figure in God the Father that we find. So the statement here recognizes the fatherhood of God rather than just the title of God as the Father. So Paul basically is saying or reminding Philemon that irrespective of our social standing, you know, whether we are a slave or master or free, we are all one in Christ Jesus because God is our Father. And because God is our Father, we are all children of God. And since he does not treat us partially, you know, irrespective of our standing, we need to consider each one of us who are born again, who are part of the family of God as brothers and sisters in Christ Jesus. Okay. Any questions so far? Any questions from verses one to three? Okay. There are no questions. We will move on to verses four to seven. So again, one of you please read verses four to seven, please. I thank my God, making mention of your, of you always in my prayers, hearing of your love and faith, which you had toward the Lord Jesus and toward all the saints, that the saying of your faith may become effective by the knowledge, by the acknowledgement of every good thing which is in you in Jesus Christ. For we have green joy and consolation in your love because the hearts of the saints have been repressed by your brother. Amen. Thank you, Abinas. So says I thank my God. So Paul prayed often for Philemon like he prays for everyone else. And he prays with thanksgiving to God for Philemon because Philemon had been such a blessing to Paul that he prayed often and he prayed gratefully and thank God for Philemon. He says he makes mention of you, making mention of you always in my prayers. So in Paul's letters, you know, four times he says he makes mention for people. We studied this in Romans, Romans chapter one was nine. We also see this in his letter to the church at Ephesus, you know, Ephesians chapter one was 16. The church at Thessalonica, first Thessalonians chapter one was two and here in Philemon was four as well. So he's making mention means that Paul did not pray long prayers or intricate prayers for these people or for Philemon. But he did often mention Philemon in his prayers. So, you know, it's a nice thing that we learn from Paul that, you know, to keep remembering people who have invested in our lives, people that we mentor, people who have, you know, have been have blessed us part of our ministry teams in the past. Remember them and pray for them because there's always enough reason to thank God for fellow believers, even if they are still, you know, things that need to be worked on in their lives or whatever. But, you know, it's good to give thanks for them. So in this letter, there is no hint that there are attitudes to be changed or false doctrines to be corrected. But Paul demonstrates basically his genuine personal love in a very, very, you know, tactful way. He respects Philemon as a person. He wants him to receive Onesimus back, not as a slave, as a brother, to forgive him. Also, he wants Philemon to release Onesimus back to him so that he can be useful for Paul in his ministry. But he does not want to force any decision on him. He just wants to request him based on love, brotherly love, you know, them being brothers in Christ, children of God, because they have their Heavenly Father as their father. So, you know, it's, Paul evidently just is leaning on the Holy Spirit to show Philemon who is his friend, what is the right thing to do even as he writes this letter. Okay, so we can learn something from this as well, you know, it's a very healthy way of maintaining personal relationships. You know, sometimes we think we know best how the other person should behave, should react, should act, you know, but in some cases that may not be true. You know, you know, we just have to tell the other person and just leave it at that and get the other person to make the decision for themselves and not just force them or get them to act on what we want to say. You know, it seems that we always know better how a person should act than the person himself. Well, in some cases, you know, it could be true, but this does not mean that it's not our task to go and tell them what is right or wrong, or, you know, guide them in the way of the truth. But it's important that even as we do that, we do need to do it very cautiously because, you know, what is a speck in someone else's eye, you know, is like a plank in our own.  Okay, we'll stop here. We'll stop at verse 5. I just wanted to discuss about when did I say I'm going to give you the test for Second Timothy? Is it today or on Wednesday? I've kind of forgotten. Maybe I made a note of it. Anyone remembers? It's, yeah, it's Wednesday 12th. Yeah. Okay. Okay. It's Wednesday 12th. So I'll post it on Wednesday. Now we've finished Titus. So when do you want to have the test on the book of Titus? Can you suggest a day, please? It's the 19th. All right. April 19th, which is a Wednesday. Is that fine? Because you have the last assessment is on Philemon. So it's, so 12th is your assessment on Second Timothy is 19th. Okay. For Titus. Okay. So we'll have, since most of you said, okay, we'll have it on the 19th. Okay, everyone, I'll meet you next Monday. Next Monday will be our last class because we've finished Philemon. And, you know, we'll go ahead with the assessment this Wednesday and the following Wednesday, and then we'll discuss a date for Philemon. Okay. Which will just be, I think, 20 marks test. Okay. Thank you, everyone. Have a blessed day and a blessed week ahead. God bless you. Thank you.


Look deep into nature and then you will understand everything is better. Albert Einstein Creative Earth Institute of Photography


We're now going to take a look at gases that do not exist as a single component but rather we'll be looking at gases that are in what we call gas mixtures. We're now going to be looking at what we refer to as being gas mixtures whereby you could have two different gases mixed together. For example, let's say you have a natural gas that consists of ethane and methane and different percentages. What we need to do is develop the mechanisms by which or the procedures by which we can evaluate the properties of these gas mixtures and this is actually taking us towards gas vapor mixtures which is what we will look at in the next few lectures after this one as well we'll eventually move into combustion and when we look at combustion we're looking at chemical reactions of different species and consequently we need the tools and techniques to be able to handle gas mixtures which is what this lecture will cover. So when we're looking at gas mixtures we quite often use mass and mole fractions so I will introduce those now and we use a certain form of subscripting so it's good to go through that so that we're consistent. Now whenever you see a subscript m that will denote the mixture so it's a gas mixture that we're talking about and whenever you see a subscript i that will denote one of the individual components in that mixture. So let's start with the simplest and let's take a look at the mass of a mixture and this one is somewhat obvious we can say the mass of a mixture is equal to the summation of the mass of each individual component in that mixture. So that makes sense you have a number of different components you add up the individual masses and that will give you the mass of the mixture. Now what we'll do is we'll take a look at the way of quantifying the number of moles within a mixture and in a like manner similar the number of moles in a mixture is going to be each of the components the number of moles of each component sum together and that will give us a value in kilomoles. Now having defined both the mass of the mixture as well as the number of moles what we can do is we can divide that summation by the total mass of the mixture and that introduces or brings us to what we call a mass fraction and the symbol for mass fraction is going to be little m little f and then subscript i because this will be the mass fraction for a given component in our mixture it will be the mass of that component divided by the mass of the total mixture and recall with this what that means we can say if we were to sum over all of the individual components all of the mass fractions that will have to equal one because you would have all the different components added together so that is the mass fraction and in a similar way we also have another term and it is called the mole fraction mole fraction is given the symbol little y subscript i to indicate each of the individual components and that would be the number of moles of an individual component in the mixture divided by the total number of moles in the mixture and just like for the mass fraction if we sum up all of the individual mole fractions they will have to total one so we'll be using both mass fraction and mole fraction and evaluating the properties which we'll get to in today's lecture another thing that i should write out and then this one is more obvious we quite often define it the mass is defined as being the number of moles times the molar mass you'd have seen this in freshman physics courses or perhaps chemistry courses and so with this what we can do we can write out our nomenclature the mass is equal to the number of moles will be capital N and molar mass will be capital M and with that we can define the molar mass as being the mass divided by the total number of moles that will give us something kilograms per kilo mole and with this what we can now do is come up with an expression for the molar mass of a mixture we can look up molar mass in the back of the book for individual components but if we want to know the molar mass of a mixture we need an expression for that and so that's what this can help us with so given our definition of molar mass we can say that it's the mass of the mixture divided by the number of moles in the mixture we can substitute with the mass as being the summation of each individual component in the mixture the mass of each individual component again divided by the total number of moles in the mixture and what we'll do is we'll substitute our relationship that we just looked at between mass number of moles and molar mass for the summation in the numerator and we can say that the mass is going to be the number of moles of that component times the molar mass of that component and then we divide by the total number of moles in the mixture what I'm going to do now is I'm going to pull these two out and that is as we saw earlier the definition of mole fraction so if you know the mole fraction of your components and if you know the individual molar mass as you can then determine by the summation the molar mass of your mixture and another thing that we'll be using if we use the ideal gas equation we often use the gas constant well for a mixture and we can look up the gas constant in the back of the book for for different components but if we have a mixture the way to determine the gas constant for the mixture will be to take the universal gas constant and divide by the molar mass of the mixture and the units here are going to be kilojoules per kilogram kelvin and the universal gas constant is 8.314 kilojoules per kilomole kelvin and sometimes there are different ways of representing the universal gas constant depending upon the units that you're using but it's 8.314 if you're using kilojoules per kilomole kelvin so those are some things that we're going to be using what we'll do next is we'll take a look at kind of a simple example problem to demonstrate some of these concepts and then we'll continue working on towards trying to evaluate the property values for different mixtures using these concepts


Hi everyone, happy Friday. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2020 Top's Chrome Black Baseball. Four box, random team number five. One spot gets you three teams in a four box break, so it's only a 10 spotter. A lot of nice stuff in here, so good looking product. Let's triple you up here. There's one, there's two, and there's three for 30 teams. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it. One and a three. Four times. One, two, three, and four. Ball four. Ball eight. Ball 12. And Ricky Vaughn has just walked it. Christopher down to Oliver Smith with baseball with pictures and catchers reporting this week, folks. It's a good time to re-watch some baseball movies. One and a three, four times for the teams, one, two, three, and a one, fourth and final time. Daniels down to the Pirates. You may run like Hayes, but you hit like S, it's a family show. All right, Christopher with the Nationals, Rich with the Angels, Thomas with the Marlins, Christopher with the Twins, Franklin with the Phillies, Thomas with the Strohs, Franklin with the Met, Daniel Graham, you got my Dodgers, Daniel, you also have the Red Sox. A couple Dodgers on the Red Sox too, Kike, Radugo, Franklin, Mariners, Garrett, Rockies, and A's, and Giants. Those are your three Last Spot Mojo teams, right? So you got the Bay Area teams, and a West too. Thomas with the Blue Jays, Oliver Smith with the Padres, Ken with the Yankees, Tom with the Cardinals, Thomas with the Indians, Daniel with the Rays and Brewers, Kenny G with the Diamondbacks, Rich with the Rangers, Kenny with the Reds, Thomas with the Tigers, Rich with the O's, Daniel with the Shy Sox, Oliver with the Braavos, Daniel with Kasey, Christopher with the Cubbies, and Oliver Smith with the Buccos. Let's get all this on one screen. Let's sort by column B by team. Let's box these up. Let's set it up. Make it look nice for the shipping team when they use that. There are the four boxes right there. Remember, we marked these with Xs, so you know they're from the same case. The next four boxes are in the store right now if you're watching, jaspyscasebreaks.com, and that's the final four boxes of this stuff, unless you have another case. But I don't think I saw one. I'm going to pause the video. When I come back, we're going to see if there's any trades, and then we'll have the break. Stick around. All right. Welcome back, folks. I had a little bit of trade chatter, but in the end, no deals were done here on a Friday night. Thanks, everyone, for hanging out with us on a Friday. Baseball season on the horizon. Pitchers and catchers reporting, and for those of you who are battling ice storms and snow, it's a sign that warmer days are ahead. All right. Let's do the pack first. It's going to be Gavin Luxe. Love this design. The matte black on black on black is pretty cool. And we've got Luis Areas in that blue parallel, which is to 75. Nice. Luis Areas going to the twins. That'll be for Christopher. Gavin Luxe going to the Dodgers. That's going to be for Daniel. And Anthony Rendon, of course, going to the Angels Rich. All right. The encased card is going to be for the Phillies. That's going to be JT Rielmuto, 67 out of 150. Just banged up his thumb recently. He's going to be out for a little bit, but I don't think he's going to miss too much time. Franklin with the Phillies. Let's get the pack first out of here. All right. We're going to lead off with Jorge Soler for Kansas City. We've got Luis Castillo for Cincinnati. And we've got a Justin Burlander, 9 out of 50 for the Stroes. Thomas. The encased card is going to be another Phillie. This time an old school Phillie, Mike Schmidt. Nice. One out of 25, old Schmidtie. Great uniforms, too. Franklin again with the Phillies. He's heating up. All right. Two more to go. The final four boxes in the store right now. We've got Nick Castellanos, Cincinnati. Paul Goldschmidt, Cardinals. Jake Fraley, Mariners to 199. Mariners, that's four. Franklin, he's satisfied with this break. I feel like you've gotten, well, you have half the hits of this break. Half the odd is in this break. I'd be happy, too. One more. Clean sweep, Frank. We've got Miguel Tejada, 80 out of 99 for the Orioles. That's for Rich. Nice. Orioles, Miguel Tejada. And the final box. Good luck, ladies and gentlemen. Let's do the pack first. Let's see what the final encased card is going to be. Good luck to all. There you go. That's Rich. All right. Yeah. On the board. Josh Donaldson for the Twins. Trent Grisham Rookie for the Padres. And we've got Marcus Simeon, still A's edition right here, to 199. Garrett and the A's. Oliver Smith with the Padres gets the Trent Grisham Rookie card. And the final hit. Good luck, everyone. It's going to be an Arizona Diamondback, Kenny G, with the Diamondbacks. Nice. Gets the Domingo Leyva Rookie Auto. Tried to trade. Couldn't trade Mojo. And there you go, folks. I love this stuff. This stuff is pretty great. The design is pretty awesome. Thanks, everyone, for getting in. That was 2020 Tops Chrome Baseball Black Edition. One more four-box break in the store, the last four boxes in the shop. So if you want to run this back tonight, let's do it. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for that one.


And how you doing, glad to have the techs out here, welcome to another exciting and thrilling episode of Hewakshadak. Grab yourself a chair, put up a live-action, and join us for a very interesting show this evening. I've got Andrew the security guy here, I never know when you're here, I never knew when you're not here, and at the point, I don't care anymore, so welcome home for what, four days? Yeah. Yeah, interesting guest there, we have Chris Peterson, he's the president of VectorFirm, and we're going to talk about the new paradigm of selling, or buying, or not buying if that is the case. So it's great to have you here on the show, it's awesome to talk about selling, in my case the lack thereof. So our new background, we got a new little spot on the beach here, so it's excellent. But I got, as we do every show, I do my little crypto-currency update, that's what I've been asked to do. Where's the gold coin? It was back in gold, what's happening on that side. So there was a fork in the Bitcoin, another fork, what the fork is going on with all this stuff. Anyway, there's another fork that was happening on the 24th where Bitcoin, a fork was happening, it was going to be called, it's going to be called, or it is called Bitcoin Gold. And the purpose of this fork was the fact that, we've talked about how the mining is being taken over by the big powerful conglomerates, i.e. China is the largest Bitcoin miner in the world, their electric bill is $36,000 a day, just mining Bitcoin. And Satoshi, when he created Bitcoin, it was supposed to be more decentralized and not have the big players in there. So there was a desire on another group to turn around and create this fork in the world called Bitcoin Gold, which would then enable more miners, not the big guys out there to be in that mining space. So the 24th of this month, that split happened and they got hit with a denial of service attack. Ouch. A big one. 10,000 hits a minute. I wonder who set that up. Who knows. The existing miners? So you started with Bitcoin Gold? Yeah. Well, Bitcoin Gold website was essentially down and I don't know how successful I would call that particular fork. I mean, the coin was created and it's there, it's trading at about $161 right now per coin. Well, didn't it start at zero? It started at zero, but right now, the way it works is if you have Bitcoin, because that fork happened, so if you had 10 Bitcoin, you'll get 10 Bitcoin Gold. Regardless, you just picked up $1600. Nice. So whatever way you look at it. $1600. I got 0.05 Bitcoin, so I got 0.05 Gold coins? Yes. Awesome. So you got 0.05 Gold coins, but now you can find the exchanges where you can get it and move it around and that's all going to take some time to iron itself out. So it's interesting to see how this thing has unfolded. Bitcoin has been unbelievable this past week. It was over $6,100 near the end of last week and it's now $5,600. So again, not for the fate of heart, we've told people this over and over again, but that's the latest happening in the Bitcoin and cryptocurrency world. Right on. Thanks so much. All right. Pretty awesome. Okay, so let's talk to our guests. Okay, Chris. Tell us a bit about yourself. Where are you from? Where did you go to school? Right. It's a local style. We learned all that kind of stuff first. I actually live in Orlando, Florida and went to school to University of Florida. The reason I'm here this week is I spoke at an event over in Kona. It's an electronic security event with Andrew and Christine were. And Andrew's company is a client of mine. So I thought, hey, if I'm in Kona, let's do something at your office. Listen to bring me all the way from Florida one day. Right. So I'm here and Andrew said, hey, you're going to be on Wednesday. Let's go film a shot. So what does he do? He actually talks. The world listens. The world listens. That's right. He actually talks. The world listens. Nice. So what does your company do? What we do is we help electronic and cybersecurity companies with their sales and marketing strategies. So we're a consulting and training business that has really two niches. We've got a horizontal niche where it's just sales and marketing. And we've got a vertical niche where it's just electronic cybersecurity companies. So it's a nice little square there. So that's not been normal for the security businesses.  I mean. Well, I would say this. I would say this. I would say this. That means nothing. Let's go. Chris's particular appeal is he knows this vertical very, very well. So specifically, you know, security industry companies and the challenges that their sales people face, the growth course for them. There's a lot of different markets that we work in, DoD, MuniGov, all the different commercial markets. So he's run into so many over the years. There's not many things he sees.  And he just has all these really great ideas.  Why do I need someone? My what stuff? Cameras. Bitcoin? Bitcoin. Well, if they let me put my ATM machine in there within the next few months, they're not going to let me. But that being said, so, but you know, what's happened in the industry that you're able to go into this industry, teach people how to sell when there's all kinds of stuff out there that you can see every day. Yeah. Well, that question and that's that's one of the directions that the industry's heading like any other industry. It's commoditized. And then something five years ago that only 10 people in the world could do today, your spouse can do it, right? And go to Costco. DIY. Right. And so that's one of the challenges that security professionals face today. So the folks that I work with are really high on the technology. So the things that Andrew's company does, you can't go to Costco and buy it. Right. So the folks that I help, they don't run into that challenge too often. In fact, the way we overcome, I've got a session on how to sell against the DIY Costco. Okay. They do it yourselves. They do it yourselves. Right. So one of the strategies is to identify who is a do-it-yourselfer and avoid them. And run. Run away. Yeah, leave them.  I wish them all the best. Like, go ahead. Just not our, well, you know, our market. Well, as we know, all those systems are wide open to all kinds of hacks and. Yeah. But they maybe do what they need to do. Infection. There's no telling what else it does. Yeah. Well, that's it. They do what needs to be done. And most of my clients are working in a world where a lot more needs to be done. So how long have you been in the sales kind of in the business and in the industry of doing it? This is a niche market with what you're in. It's niche. And so I've been in sales since I got out of school. I actually have a mechanical engineering degree from UF, but I decided to go into sales because it just, well, quite candidly, because my girlfriend's father was a sales person in college. And here I was doing my thermal labs in my senior year of school. I'd go visit them a couple hours away and I'd see what he did. He managed a real estate office. And he owned a real estate office. And I saw what he did and his team did. And it was a big competition to make a lot of money. And I thought, okay, what do I want? Do I want to continue down this engineering route? And this was mid-90s, technology, early 90s. Technology was starting to really take off. And I thought, no, I want to get into this world of selling and sell technology. So that's how I got into sales. Now, in security, I jumped over shortly after 9-11 and the security. Which really blew the thing, no pun intended, but blew it up. Well, a lot of folks thought they were going to jump into the industry and become rich in a year and get out. And I have to admit, I didn't think that was going to happen to me. But I also saw a pretty, I had an opportunity and I saw a really growing industry. I started this business in 2010. Here's, I was VP of sales for a manufacturer, and manufacturers sell to companies like ISP, and installs and services that equipment. So you get like Adele, so there are views like Adele, even though it's not in the security, they sell, they're the manufacturer of a product. Actually Adele is a British singer, but. Yeah, Adele, good one. So like Adele or HP or whatever, who manufacture product, but then they also have those that sell them for them and service them. Yeah, right. Same in the security side. And what we were doing, our big mission, and let's say 0405, 06 was running around and building a channel of ISTs. Okay. And when we were doing that, I was in charge of a sales team doing that. What we noticed or what I noticed was most of these organizations did not have a strong sales strategy. They didn't, most of their sales people were maybe former techs. These organizations had an owner that managed the team, which he or she didn't have the time to manage the team. So there was a lot of gaps in how to sell and how to market their services. Right. It didn't matter if I was in Honolulu or I was in Mumbai. And I visited integrators in Honolulu and in Mumbai. And everywhere in between, they all had a similar issue. So I got this idea for this business. That was one dynamic was there was a need. The other dynamic was sometime around 2005, 2006. Right when the recession hits in 2007, a buying change happened. Right. B2B buyers stopped the traditional sales process. And they said, okay, we used to have a department of 36 people. Now, because of the recession, we have a department of seven people. We've got to utilize technology and utilize the web and other services to be more efficient. So I don't have time to see that salesperson. Right. I can check online to get a price. Yeah, they all became instant knowledge, like they knew it all. They knew what they found. Let's put it that way. Is that all of it? I doubt it. But they had enough to be dangerous. And I mean, I'm in a situation now where I'm doing some work for a client. And this particular product and service that I think will really fit the client's need, there's no local representation here on the island. So now I'm in this dilemma of do I become that local arm? Which in my spare time, so now I've got to maybe go and look for another product. But I know this product is going to fit extremely well in their particular fit. But you need to support the local support. I need the local support, and I can't find it. So you're part of that marketplace that still needs that local technical expert. So for part of the marketplace that doesn't really need that, the internet's fine. I mean, if I need to buy, we buy everything online because I don't really need a salesperson. I go to Amazon. That salesperson that was there 20 years ago was just there because you had to have someone for the transaction. Right. Whether it was a shirt, whether it was a pair of shoes, whether it was a bicep. They filled the order. You filled the order. The day online takes care of that, and I'm not missing any value. But if I am purchasing a security system, a technical security system for my complex organization, guess what, I need an expert. So what's happened, unfortunately, is the consumer came out, let's say 2012, 2013, we come out of the recession, but they have learned for the last five years how to be really good at that online. Research. Research and everything. So their thought is, we don't need sales professionals. So what my business has been built around is, number one, these security integration companies for the most part don't have time to build a sales strategy that works. And number two, the world of buying has changed dramatically in the last 10 years, let's say. And we're still selling. Well, let me back up. The world of buying, business to business has changed dramatically. We're still selling like we were selling in 1995. So that's where the impetus of this business came, and that was seven years ago we started. And it's been pretty successful, I would say, at this point. Good segue time. So are you ready for segue time?  I got to go to Angus. I got to go to the tech gadget that you found in the security business. Watch out. Competition is coming. All right. You need it. We need competition. He might be the rep. He might be the rep. Anyway, go to the tech side here. Add to the security guy. You got a security minute when we come back? I do. Okay. We got the security minute. We got Angus. We got Chris Peterson here. Vector firm. Vector firm. Paradigm selling. Back in a minute. Let's get it started. I got this. We got this. I got this. I got this. I got this. We got this. I got this. I got this. We got this. The match day is no ordinary day. The pitch. Hallowed ground for players and supporters alike. Excitement builds. Game plans are made with responsibility in mind. Celebrations are underway. Ready for kickoff. MLS clubs and our supporters rise to the challenge. We make responsible decisions while we cheer on our heroes. And toast their success. and toast their success. Avate your Match Day experience. If you drink, never drive. Hey, Aloha. Welcome to Think Tech Hawaii. This is Abachi Talk. Andrew's security guy here. And I just want to remind you of something. There was a big pack of WPA2, which is a protocol we use to secure your wireless equipment.  Don't wait. This is not one to play with. It's very severe and it's very pervasive. Anything you do that does wireless needs to be updated. If there's no patch for it yet, don't use it. That's simple. Do your patches. Okay? Angus, that was my security minute. What's up, buddy? Hey, good to see you here. Right on, man. Mr. Pearson, it's great to see you. Dude, that's a good Anglo-Saxon last name, you know. It's terrific. Anyway, we're talking about security systems and everything. I thought it was a great new device on startup. It's not available yet, but I already ordered one. Okay. It's a camera. Okay. There's already been a competition in there, man. I know it. There it is. That is from all angles. It's called the Moon by one ring. It's the world's first levitating camera. Oh, does it spin 360? It spins 360. I like it. Faces on the sound and everything is in the room. That's a good idea. 360 tracks all the noise. You can talk to it. You can actually sing it back into the room. Is it like a Kickstarter? It's a Kickstarter. You can donate to it? You can donate. It's like $209. That's smart. And you get one. You know what? For what? $209. That's it? I mean, they already made it, and you'll get one some day. I'll get one in about two months. All right. I'm going to bring it in here and have it floating around the studio. That'd be epic. That'd be epic. Because we could stream it out. Maybe we could do that, too. We can see what's going on in the studio. Oh, it'd be a whole new series. Right on. Awesome. I like it. It's a cool little thing. It's a 360 day and night vision. Sound direction detection. All kinds of cool things. Nice. Fine. So watch for it, man. I don't know. They're going to sell it at Costco, I hope. Anyway, let's make gadget for the week. And like I said, they have every segment. Let your win game free. Where are you be? Hello? Ha! Awesome stuff from Angus. Digging us up some security gear. He knows a lot of stuff out there, man. Make sure you find something that works for you. Just make sure it's secure. All right. Welcome back. We're on Think Tech Away. We've got Chris Peterson here from VectorFirm. Gordo's in the house. The text are. We were talking about the change in the buyer's habits. The paradigm. The paradigm. That's a good word. They're more educated now. How is that? There's a point I think where they're dangerous. Do you think they are? Do you think they just read stuff and think they're an expert because they read it? I think they think they're an expert because they read it. I run into a lot of that. I think they get the camera, the field of view. They get video a little bit, but access control. A lot of stuff evades buyers. Let me ask Andrew this. Yeah, go for it.  No, I turn off the light. I go to maleclinic.com. I turn off the light. Do you really? I go to maleclinic.com. Most people go to WebM. I go to WebM. Or WebMD. You self-diagnose your medical. I self-diagnose. I have Christine and she self-diagnoses me off WebMD. That's right. Mine just said don't have a beer. Think about it. It's a good analogy because something that serious, like a medical thing, people would rather, do they not trust the doctor? No, they trust the doctor, but it's much more convenient. Oh, it's convenient. I didn't think of that. It's convenient and it's quick. So if you're going to use, meaning you as, think about it, if you're in a sales profession, if you're going to use the internet to diagnose yourself, something that important, aren't your customers, which by the way is for generations and generations, the highest, most profound profession is a physician, right? Right, yeah. And we're using the internet within 90 seconds to qualify as a physician to diagnose themselves. Yeah, you ask Watson, right? Watson Hill, that's it. Watson Hill. Yeah, that's it. Okay. I'm involved in that right now as a matter of fact. Awesome. Would ask Watson? With Watson, Watson Hill. Yeah. So I'm ripping that product here on the island. That's awesome. If you're going to do that, or if you're a sales professional and you utilize the internet to become a physician, think about what your customers do for something that's much less significant to them, regardless of what you're selling. Oh, that's true. And so, you know, the answer is you've got to become Google. You've got to become better than Google so that they're still going to go online and do their searches. Right. But they need to also email you at the same time because you've become that guy who, and guy is, you know, multi-gender. That person, yeah, yeah. That entity. That is going to be the person that I call for, because if you think about it, doing searches is kind of a pain. It's easier than calling a sales person or four sales people to come in and explain it. But if I can have a guy that I call and they give me an answer within 90 seconds, it's a lot easier than searching through Google. Especially if they can distill it down. If they're really, if they know their trade, right? And, you know, because when you read through, you're going to see thousands of features and benefits, all this stuff. And like, oh my God.  But how does that really, you know, distill down to what you need? You know what I mean? And that's what the phone call hopefully does. Well, you would think. But then I'm going to throw another one at you. We had a caveat in talking about the value of trust. Yeah, true. But a lot of people don't trust the sales person. I know what I was saying. They just come in. They just, you know, the concept of the used car salesman. Yeah. The concept, they're going to come in. They're just going to sell me a bunch of stuff. And I'm never going to see them again. Wow. And I still see that today. It's still pervasive around here. So, yeah, and I mean, when I started in the industry here in Hawaii, there was this, a bit of that. And I was so surprised. Because to me it's a very high integrity type of industry. It's just security. And I, coming out of military and law enforcement, I had a perspective on it that was, you know, fairly revered in my own mind. You know what I mean? And so to find that that was like, this is just another camera. I'll just show the camera. And you see it.  I'm like, no, I'm here to help you protect your people. There's an integrated solution set now. There's technology behind it. Sure. There's all the kinds of things that go with it. And there's also a difference between the residential side and the commercial side. So there's those, you know, because the commercial side costs you a lot more for the most part. But the residential sides are not that secure.  Yeah. That's not configured correctly in your house. I love to talk about that industry. I mean, just the, you know, we didn't have 15 years ago, even 10 years ago, software defined radio available to you for some hundreds of dollars. You know, say I can get that software for free, run on a laptop, figure out that frequency, and jam. It's that simple. And this was super, super expensive. Probably a five figures to buy the equipment to do that with just 10 years ago.  Now you got to have some technical chops to set up software to do it. But it's readily available. And it costs nothing. It costs nothing. I can go online and I can get a car, an access card mate. Well, of course you can. I mean, I can go get an access card mate. I can just go look at some organization and say, oh, it's an XYZ reader. Oh, they're probably using this. I'll order a card online. And chances are it'll work on that reader.  Because in order to become a successful sales professional today, you've got to become the perceived expert. Right. And when folks, and how often do you hear this, Andrew, in our space, we're solutions providers. If you want to be a strong sales person, you've got to be a solutions provider. And I'm not disagreeing with that.  If that's all you are. Because I can go to Google and get solutions. Any question you have, I can go to Google and get the answer. But Google this. Google, find my specific problem. See what Google comes up with. Right. There is no answer to find my specific problem. What's your problem? That's a good point. If I'm a sales professional that understands my market well enough to understand what that university, what that hotel, what that prison or DOD base, what their problems are going to be. And I can present it to them. Like the two of you just did this dialogue. You were talking, you're presenting problems about residential security that your viewers had no idea were out there. So what you're doing is you're presenting problems and they are probably thinking, I need to get these guys in here because that's a problem I didn't think about. But it's a real problem. I need a solution. Now what we do today is we're solutions providers. So we wait for them to come to us, provide the best solution. Guess what? They don't ask us for solutions anymore. They find your solution here and they ask us for price. Yeah. That's not good. I mean, at least they're asking for something. That's still not the way we want to be engaged. No, that's right. We want to be engaged for our knowledge. That's also the wrong approach. I mean, as soon as they say, what's the number? I mean, I have clients that, the beauty of my niche is very similar to yours, is that I'm agnostic. But I come in and they will look at, they'll say, this is what we got. I'll help to find the problem. They'll agree that that's the problem. Then we'll identify solutions. Then they'll identify the solutions they like. And then we'll go worry about the price. Yes. And then there'll be more than one. There'll be two or three that they can look at and say, okay, I'm willing to pay this price for this or not that price for that. And I'm seeing that happening now. But I'm still aghast that 80%, I think, of the businesses in this town are still using Google and not commercial grade, residential grade product to secure their enterprises. It's beyond fathom. They're big enterprises. Yeah, that's an issue. And I mean, so soon I think they're an insurance company. When we have some UL, some of the guidance that we're working on in the industry, when we start to get product like that in the market, I think their insurance companies will change some of this, you know, they won't be covered if they're caught. Like if you have a fire and you had no fire extinguishers or sprinklers, probably guess what your insurance companies are going to pay. Yeah, well, then you'd pass there. But it's probably lied and said you did. So far back from the sales perspective, so how do you break through the executive rank to get them to understand that really they shouldn't just be relying on a security guard or some friend of a friend to provide their security system.  Right. Yeah. I mean, how do you break into that? Well, the difference in today and let's say before 2006 is before you could break into it, by persistence, by creativity, you could push in. You can't push in anymore. No. You've got to be pulled in. Yes. In order to be pulled in, you've got to present yourself as an expert in the marketplace. And there are many ways to do that. The old-fashioned prospecting is still relevant. You still need to do that. Right. But you've got to combine it with traditional networking. You've got the social selling that you've got to do today. Here I can pump Chris's academy. So you sign up for Chris's academy. He'll teach you how to do all this. So in your vector firm, you've got, we can sign up. He's got an online academy. We've got an online academy and we can start getting introduced to the programs and the products. So what's the website that we can go to to get this? VectorFirmAcademy.com is for the academy. For the academy. VectorFirmAcademy.com. VectorFirm.com is my company. Is your company. But the academy is VectorFirmAcademy. I just had to plug that there. It was a natural thing. I'm glad you did because believe it or not, we're running out of time again. It happens. 28 minutes and 30 seconds. So anyway, Chris, this is number 138 in the series of solo cups. So I'd like you to highly secure that. So this is mine. That's yours. All yours. You've got 138 in the series. All right.  Yeah. On eBay. On eBay. So anyway, Chris, I want to thank you because it gives me a whole new perspective on how to look at how we're doing this sales. But these were like relationships, perseverance, expertise. Right. Right. Now I add honesty and integrity. Yes, always. And my handshake is my word. Yes, always. And that'll be the pieces that I will add to it. Anyway, thanks a lot for joining us on the show. Sure. This is Hibachi Talk in Tecawai. Every Wednesday at 1,300 hours. Yes. And live on YouTube. Check us out there. And also check out Hibachi.com. Check us out on Twitter. Check us out on Facebook. Anything like that. We look forward to any ideas and anything you want us to bring us on the show. And as we all will see at every show, one, two, three, how are you doing?