Good morning. Bonjour. Buenos dias to everyone regardless of where you might be. We welcome you to this event that we hope we'll be able to elucidate I'm sure questions that you may have about the purpose of a lecture such as this one. I am not the person who is scheduled to introduce our esteemed lecturer. However, I will begin this event and give the floor to those who will follow me. The first element that we have the first agenda item that we have for you is welcome video by the director general of the FAO. So please sit back and enjoy. Thank you. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, agri-food system layer at the heart of the sustainable agriculture and the rural development. They are essential for the reduction of the poverty and the inequality and the promotion of the health dance globally. We must work together to be in the face of enormous global crisis to support the transformation of agri-food systems. This is at the core of the FAO's new strategy from work in 2022 to 2031. It is our priority, duty to support the 2030 agenda and the sustainable development goals through the transformation to more efficient and more inclusive, more resilient and more sustainable agri-food systems for better production, better nutrition, a better environment, a better life, leaving no one behind. These four methods reflect the interconnections necessary for effective transformation. The law and the use of international legal instruments have an essential role to play in supporting this transformation. And the integrated projects of food security also include legal reform. International policy is an important political instrument by the legislation anchors food security in national legal framework and holds government accountable to their international commitments. FAO is committed to supporting members, develop the required legal and policy framework to support this transformation and to continue to support efforts to promote food security and poverty elimination through national legislation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the path of the laws and legal frameworks were critical to mitigate the impact of trade and movement restriction, especially on smaller farmers. Legal frameworks strengthen the political we are needing, not more than ever before, as the world be at the back better. And they provide the necessary support to ensure that the COVID-19 recovery sets all the countries on the path to meet the system of demand goals by 2030. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. I think that the Director General's video message has set us on the right footing. Just a quick point of logistics, I would like to invite you, if need be, to use the interpretation services that we have made available for you. At the bottom of your screen, there should be an icon that represents a globe that says interpretation. And if you click on it, you can choose the channel you prefer in English or Spanish. I will now see the floor to the independent person of the FAO Council, Mr. Hans Hugovint. Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, excellent seats. Our actions are our future. That's the slogan of Food Day this year. 76 years after the creation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Transformative shifts we certainly need, and we need it urgently. The dots don't connect anymore. We are bringing tourists into space, but at the same time it's more required that they have more than 800 billion people living in hunger. We have three billion people having no access or not enough access to save for the one nutritious food. And we have two billion people with obesity. Let's not forget we are also losing one third of our Jewish food yearly, which is $1 billion in economic sense. Think of what you can do with one billion US dollar. We're also deeply concerned by roughly accelerating pace and impact of global climate change, which, if not corrected, probably will lead to unprecedented collective failure that threatens the future of our planet. We as member states and state courts have became champions of setting targets and goals. Last week we set again targets and goals in Korea, China. But there are no champions when it comes to implementation of goals and targets. Let's not forget we are less than nine years away from 2030, where we have committed ourselves to implement sustainable development goals. And indeed, as Dr. Chou said, we need more sustainable agriculture systems and healthy diets to win our fight against world-wide hunger, even nobody behind it. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, there's also a message of hope. The crisis are made, so we can solve them. Three weeks ago we had the United Nations Food Systems Summit. It's for the first time since decades that we were discussing every food system and healthy diet at the highest level within the U.N. And our heads of states, our CEOs, our heads of organizations, our heads of NGOs made clear commitment to have transformed the change. So we have to use the momentum. We have to translate words into action, swore into plousers. That's the worst of the statute at the headquarters in New York. But political commitments should be clearly touched in clear international and legal law systems. Law and use of international policemen have to play an essential role in the transformation of the change we need. Of course, we need a strong political commitment. We need accountability and we get that via legal systems. We also need legal systems for the living environment to get more investments we desperately need. Legal frameworks have to go hand-in-hand with the wide range of financial instruments and techniques, especially to increase the investments of the prior second international organizations. Excellencies, do we dare? Do we dare bring our legal systems and our legal frameworks to the 2.0 or possibly the 3.0 level? We have seen successful examples of the past. For example, the 3.0 Platinum Resource for the NecroCulture. But of the liars, I witness a growing interest in voluntary guidelines. Are these tools we need nowadays? This year, I was able to chair the negotiations on voluntary guidelines for food systems and health and diets. We succeeded. After 350 hours in two months of virtual negotiations, we got them. And this week, we were celebrating the adoption and the implementation. And all member states said that they are committed to implement, but none of the member states put it in the national legal frameworks. So we cannot keep anybody accountable for implementation and it cannot be invoked in the court. By nature, they are voluntary. So is this a real commitment we made? Is this a sort of change we are seeking? Questions for crash for this afternoon? And again, we see a mess of hope. Based on the recent court rulings against Netherlands, not only governments, but also governments are being held accountable for meeting climate change with their targets. And that ruling was also based on international rights to life and the right to an under-affirmative family life. Do we therefore this example and translate voluntary guidelines into our national law systems? Because we need it. We need accountability. We need an environment. We are celebrating World Food Day. And if we really want to face our challenges related to insecurity, if we really care about 800 million people in hunger, why not formalize white food as a formal international right and implement it in our national legal systems, which can be invoked in court? Ladies and gentlemen, would that not be a real change in history? Need transformative and progressive change? Do we really care? Do we really dare maybe leave nobody behind our reality? Our actions, our future, our legal frameworks, our relation for our future. Thank you. Do not look forward to your lecture. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, ICC. And firstly, I would like to welcome everybody. I wish everyone a very happy World Food Day. The ICC has very ably set the stage for this lecture, highlighting the challenges we face, and also the tools that we could maybe use to try and address some of those challenges. Firstly, you'll probably have noticed we're having a technical glitch. Unfortunately, Professor Eccles, whose Institute's the World Food Law Institute, in fact, is the convener of this annual lecture, is not joining, has not joined us yet. We sincerely hope that she will be able to join her. Nevertheless, in her absence, I wish to thank her for the privilege of being able to deliver this lecture. I'd also like to thank, of course, my colleagues who have made this happen. There's Jocelyn Brown Hall, Director of the FAO North American Liaison Office, as well as her team, and most importantly, as well, the Development Law Service of the Fowler Legal Office. Now, as I noted, the ICC, the Independent Chairperson of the Council, has set the stage. And so we begin. As the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization has said, agri-food systems lie at the heart of sustainable development. But what are agri-food systems? The FAO governing bodies have applied the following definition, and I quote, the agri-food system covers the journey of food from farm to table, including when it is grown, fished, harvested, processed, packaged, transported, distributed, traded, bought, prepared, eaten, and disposed of. It also encompasses non-food products that also constitute livelihoods and all of the people, as well as the activities, investments, and choices that play a part in getting us these food and agricultural products. As you can see, the agri-food system is broad. But it is not working as it should. This has been highlighted, as I'm sure many of you listening today have noticed, by the COVID pandemic. The current outlook on food security is grim. And indeed, according to the 2021 report on the state of food security and nutrition in the world, and I hear again, I quote, nearly one in three people in the world, 2.37 billion did not have access to adequate food in 2020. An increase of almost 320 million people in just one year. Consequently, as the independent chairperson of the council noted, this is a matter of urgency, and it is a matter that needs to be addressed through all mechanisms that are available. And today, I intend to illustrate how laws at each stage of the supply chain can support better agri-food systems. And by contrast, how the absence of laws can undermine agri-food systems. The pandemic affected the entire agri-food supply chain from the farm to the ultimate consumer. It has led to restrictions on movements of workers, changes in consumption choices and options, the shutdown of food production and processing facilities, and placed severe financial pressures on the food supply chain and indeed on national budgets. Most countries have had to revise or indeed create new legal instruments, which address the current emergency and those that will arise in the future. The pandemic, though, has also shown us how actions, including legislative actions, to support better agri-food systems must operate at many levels internationally, nationally, and locally, very locally. They also have demonstrated that legal instruments and government structures, be they multilateral, national, or local, must address both public and private actors. So turning to the law, what is the law? Well, even before King Hammurabi developed the Code of Hammurabi in 1760 BC, setting the law for ancient Mesopotamia, people subjected themselves to rules that would allow order in social and economic interactions. Ancient Egyptian rule, dating as far back as 3000 BC, was embedded in the values of social equality and impartiality, as well as tradition. Therefore, law is at the core of our lives as members of a community. It regulates human relations and it organizes life within a society around certain values that society shares and wishes to promote, such as human rights, which could include the right to adequate food, as the independent chairperson of the council said. Laws are fundamental drivers for change. They can set standards for desirable conduct and deter undesirable conduct. They can establish responsibilities, rights, and entitlements, procedures, incentives, and sanctions for both individuals and for institutions. And as such, I argue that law and regulations are vital to build strong agrifood systems. And I will now try and demonstrate my hypothesis. My first hypothesis is that law can establish the fundamental principles and rights on which agrifood systems should be built. A sustainable agrifood system is one that delivers food security and nutrition for all in a sustainable manner. This includes the development and implementation of conservation and management measures. International laws relating to fisheries provide a good illustration in this regard. Many of you will be aware of IUU fishing, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. This threatens marine ecosystems because it undermines national and regional efforts to manage fisheries sustainably. And the agreement on port state measures, the PSMA, is the first binding international agreement that specifically targets IUU fishing. It lays down measures for parties to apply when foreign vessels enter their ports and seek entry in ports or while they're in their ports. And as more and more countries have actually ratified the PSMA, the gaps which allow illegal fishes to bring illegitimate catch to market have narrowed. And the PSMA requires countries to have robust legal and institutional frameworks, including mechanisms for prosecuting IUU offenders, as well as technology for cooperation and information exchange. And one good example of the PSMA's beneficial effect can be taken from Thailand, which has effectively used the PSMA legal framework to monitor fishing vessels. According to its Department of Fisheries, Thailand is the third largest exporter of fishery and seafood products in the world. Accounting for around 8% of total world exports. The fisheries sector contributes 3.2 billion euro to Thailand's GDP, and it supports the livelihoods of approximately 2 million people working in the industry, ranging from small fishing villages to large-scale exporters. In 2018, using the PSMA framework through the information exchange procedures established under that treaty, Thailand was able to identify and refuse entry into its ports of 46 containers carrying fish suspected of being caught illegally and thereby protecting its producers and its market. Another international law example is the International Plant Protection Convention, the IPPC. And this treaty aims to protect cultivated and wild plants by preventing the introduction and spread of pests. It controls transboundary movements of plants and plant products. And so, while many of you may not be aware of this, at the international level, you are protected by ISPM-15. This is a standard, which is established under the IPPC framework for wood packaging. And it makes sure that every pallet, every box, every bit of wooden packaging that is used to ship goods, in fact, is free from pests. So that when they cross continents, they do so in a manner which is consistent with safe and sustainable agri-food systems. This international instrument is applied through national legal instruments. So the ISPM-15 mark is registered under national intellectual property laws. And laws are also used to establish the institutions that need to provide the entry and spread of pests. So, for example, we have a law on plant health, which was recently adopted in the Maldives, supporting the establishment of the National Plant Protection Agency. And very recently, draft laws have been developed by countries as diverse as Nicaragua and the Bahamas, and similar processes are ongoing in Fiji and Mongolia. Due to time constraints, I won't address soft-law instruments, such as those mentioned by the Independent Child Personal Council. However, I would underline the very, very important and fostering harmonization of national laws to strengthen agri-food systems. Turning to my second hypothesis, this is that law can provide a guiding framework that coordinates and drives change across agri-food systems. And in this context, I would argue, national constitutions offer the highest form of legal protection, be they written or unwritten, they enshrine the basic principles to which the state and society must conform. They can compel transition, which would assist and strengthen sustainability in agri-food systems. They can also establish fundamental rights, which do not have to be limited to those rights which are traditionally recognized as human rights. And so, for example, and I think many of you will find this interesting, I did anyway, the 2015 Constitution of Nepal recognizes the right to adequate food, the right to be free from hunger and the right to food sovereignty. It also recognized the right for every citizen to live in a clean and healthy environment. Similarly, the 2009 Constitution of Bolivia recognizes the right of everyone to water and food, and it establishes an obligation on the state to guarantee food security by means of healthy, adequate and sufficient food. These countries have shown that important steps can be taken in recognizing that sustainable agri-food systems are key to their sustainable development. And the potential effectiveness of having a constitutional provision is illustrated by one case from South Africa. In the case of World Wildlife Fund South Africa versus the Minister of Agriculture for Austrian Fisheries and others, WWF South Africa invokes the provisions of the South African Constitution that established the right of everyone to, quote, have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations through reasonable legislative and other methods. And the WWF alleged that the Department of Agriculture had unlawfully set an allowable catch quota for West Coast rock lobster at an unsustainable level, thus undermining the long-term survival of the species and threatening the livelihood of the fishers who depend upon that. And the High Court of South Africa concluded that the quotas did indeed threaten the environmental rights codified in the Constitution of South Africa. The Constitution therefore provided a basis for stakeholders to challenge decisions that they considered undermine the sustainability of the agri-food system. While constitutions reflect the highest laws of the land, framework laws, sometimes referred to as organic or orientation laws, are also very helpful in setting objectives, principles, rights and obligations, particularly those related to agri-food systems. And here I turn to another example in Africa. From Tanzania, the framework law of Zanzibar is, I believe, a good example. And then the Food Security and Nutrition Act establishes that, quote, the government has an obligation to facilitate accessibility of right to food to every person through maintaining the right to have continuous access to the resources that will enable someone to produce or purchase enough food, not only to prevent hunger, but also to ensure health and well-being. This act then specifically attributes responsibilities to various ministries, trade, livestock, fishery, social welfare, health, disaster management, among others. It requires the establishment of a food reserve and the Zanzibar Food Reserve, identifies how this will be resourced. It also establishes an obligation on the government of Zanzibar to provide and maintain sustainable food systems and the protection of the right to food from encroachment by any public authority or any person. And indeed, it goes so far as to establish criminal penalties for any personal officer who breaches the provisions establishing government obligations on the right to food. So as illustrated by this Zanzibar law, framework laws can bring together and coordinate multiple sectors to support agri-food systems. My third hypothesis is that sectoral laws can bring about positive transformation of agri-food systems. And you will remember that the definition of agri-food systems covers the journey of food from farm to table. It covers not only how food is produced, but how it's prepared and eaten and disposed of. Agri-food systems can, I believe, be made stronger through specific legislation, including through measures that protect the most vulnerable. Thus, Belize, for example, recently completed the development of a contract farming law that will facilitate the introduction of written and fair contracts for important commodities such as the pineapple. And turning to the other end of the supply chain, there are laws addressing the school environment. Now, this truly, I'm sure you agree, can transform knives. And by way of example, I point to Ecuador. Their legislation on school feeding defines the rights and entitlements of school children. It determines institutional responsibilities and it ensures coordination among different stakeholders. It ensures also budget allocation and provides a framework for monitoring and enforcement. The Republic of Korea has a School Meals Act of 2006, which in fact even goes beyond the provision of nutritious school meals and obliges schools to establish healthy eating habits amongst young people. In addition, legislation can address cultural context. For example, in 2005, Japan enacted the Basic Law on Food Education. In addition to promoting food education, the law aims to protect traditional Japanese culture. And it does this by seeking to promote the revitalization of agricultural, mountain and fishing villages and improving Japan's food self-sufficiency. National and local governments are required to adopt measures to promote traditional and regional food cultures. And then moving away from say, these more the matters which are back to the beginning of the supply chain, I would turn to specific legislation pointing to production. And in this context, I'd refer to the antimicrobial resistance efforts to address this. And AMR, this refers to the ability of bacteria to develop genes that are resistant to many existing antimicrobials, such as antibiotics. And the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in animal and crop production have, in this day and age, created major risks for human, animal and environmental health. Now, the work in this area is very new. It is, however, thankfully progressing rapidly. And for example, in Zimbabwe, with the support of FAO, the revision of a veterinary medicinal products regulation has been undertaken. And this will prohibit the sale of antimicrobials without prescription, so as to prevent the overuse of antimicrobials and the consequent development of AMR by making it impossible just to buy these over the counter without prescription. So, sectoral laws can regulate the rights of obligations of various acts in the agri-food system, their activities, as well as their political, economic, social, cultural and institutional environment. And in so doing, they strengthen agri-food systems themselves. So far though, I've focused on the positive, the positive where there are laws at international, national levels and their contribution to strengthening agri-food systems. However, I think to really understand or appreciate the impact, the transformative impact of laws, you can look to the impact of the absence of them or the absence of the capacity to enforce them. And unfortunately, regrettably, COVID-19 pandemic has given many, many examples of this. And I refer in this particular instance to the supply chain risk insights report of 2021, which noted that food shortages and high demand of food had led to an increase in food fraud. And this report concluded that the countries particularly affected, here I quote, frequently have gaps in legislation and enforcement that weaken the ability to detect and seize fake food. Clearly, this is a matter of concern for every single one of us as we all consume food. And then looking at a very different impact of COVID-19, e-commerce provides an interesting example. According to an OECD brief on e-commerce in the time of COVID-19, there were quote, shifts towards e-commerce have been observed in several countries, in particular along the food supply chain, including farmers who started using digital technologies to sell their produce directly to consumers or restaurants that switched to providing food or grocery delivery services. However, most food safety laws are not equipped to address e-commerce. For example, few countries have provisions addressing the liability of third party platforms on which food may be sold. It's interesting to hear to look to China, which has some of the world's most comprehensive e-commerce laws. Nevertheless, according to some reports, from 2017 to the first half of 2020, 45% of the 49,000 e-commerce disputes were related to food products. As a consequence in October, 2020, the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court passed an interpretation related to the application of food safety rules in civil cases. And this interpretation confirmed that in addition to food producers and business operators, e-commerce operators are also liable for food safety issues related to the products on their platforms. So in this case, potential gaps have been addressed through judicial interpretation. However, for countries where there is no legislative regulation of e-commerce or limited regulation of e-commerce, efforts to address sales on digital platforms will always be much more difficult. So in conclusion, my premise, the premise of this lecture is that law at every level can transform for agri-food systems. And while not only the mechanisms available, laws are critical to support a transformation to a more efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable agri-food systems with a view to achieving better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life, leaving no one behind. And these are the goals embedded in FAO's strategic framework. And so today, as we celebrate World Food Day, as well as the International Day of Rural Women, it is, I believe, appropriate to consider how laws can help us to achieve these goals. I thank you. Thank you very much, Donata. I will cede the floor to Marcia Eccles, the founding executive director of the World Food Law Institute, which organized this event. Marcia, I think you're still on mute. Perfect. Thank you very, very much. And I thank you, everyone, for your patience, but more for joining our special event today. As you know, we have tried to organize this program to celebrate World Food Day, but also our annual World Food Law Institute lecture. And we were very, very anxious to have the legal advisor present this year's lecture, which she has done amazingly well. And we thank her very, very much for that. Just quickly, I would like to say a little bit about the World Food Law Institute and how this lecture, our collaboration with FAO and others has helped to promote our goal of making the public more aware of legal policies of legal policies and trends related to food that are important for development, developing countries, SMEs, and are certainly the provision of food security around the world. So I thank the legal advisor for her wonderful comments. I thank the ICC for his introduction also. He was a panelist at our symposium last year and certainly helped us to think, he encouraged us to think of law more and lawyers more in a positive way and our ability to create and foster change that is useful and helpful for our social lives, for our economic lives, for development. But he certainly encouraged lawyers to be more creative and active. And I think that the lecture that you have just heard gives you examples of how law, legal institutions and lawyers have been able to help us create transformative change, which we certainly hope for. I would certainly like to say that this program is an example of something that we have wanted to do for many months. And that is to bring together our Institute in Washington DC, our lecture, one of the events that we host each year and FAO in a program that combines many different voices and perspectives. So the wide participation of it sounds as if hundreds of participants today certainly helps us promote our goal of providing interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary international discussions of food law issues. Since I think we have translators for a limited amount of time, I would like to to some extent just limit my remarks, which would have been a little longer for the, if I had been able to present an actual welcome. But please accept these comments as our welcome from the World Food Law Institute. Our chairperson who with me and an international executive created the Institute to promote events just like today's and our future collaborations that we will look forward to. So thank you very, very much legal advisor. Thank you very much, ICC and everyone who has helped to make this possible and successful. I look forward to your questions and the discussion at the end of the Q&A session. And certainly I hope that you will remember the World Food Law Institute in Washington DC. Our goals are promotion of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary international discussions of food law and policy issues and trends. So I think I would stop there so that there will be adequate time for questions and answers before the translators time has expired. So maybe we could go on from now. I think that some of the specialists from FAO are monitoring the chat box. And so perhaps we could find some of the questions that have been proposed. Any, let's see, I would say questions or comments. So I can actually try and bring a question to the attention of Donata. If there are questions for the ICC or for WFLI, of course, please bring them to the chat and we will pass it on to them. So this is the question. I would like to ask regarding the first mentioned cases of the constitutional amendments to include the right to food and or the right to a clean and safe environment in the law, the examples of Bolivia and Nepal. So the question is the following. What other mechanisms are required to make sure that these constitutional rights are actively protected? Such as the example in South Africa, activism was key in that case. But if governments enact these constitutional protections, what should they be doing to make sure that they are actually upheld? Thank you, thank you. And indeed I've noticed that query watching the chat and I think it's such a pertinent question because yes, a constitution without mechanisms to implement apply is a grand piece of paper and not much more. And yes, as you had indicated, in that case you had the WWF which has a function of sort of trying to advance environmental goals. I would say, and I think most of the legislation that we have looked at, you require to have in built in your legislation, firstly, administration, institutions that can actually take action, that can monitor, that can enforce. You also need to have resources because an institution without resources to monitor, to enforce and to actually implement those requirements is without teeth. And of course, thirdly, you need understanding and knowledge of how to access justice. Many people, those who actually need this constitutional protection are those who in fact are probably the least best placed to actually secure justice. And so therefore I would say in the context of these institutions, in the context of resources, you also need to be raising the capacity of people to know and understand how to access justice so that they can enforce these rights. Of course, these rights have to be translated from a purely legal perspective, the rights have to be translated into regulations, ordinances, right down to the most local level to make them a reality. But so there's no sort of one single answer but I think there are a lot of answers. But as a constitution, because it is the supreme law of the land, every single actor somehow plays a role in advancing it. And so yes, non-governmental organizations play an important role, schools play an important role, universities play an important role, lawyers play an important role, politicians play an important role. But so it's a combination of everything but at least having that constitutional provision gives a hook that people can use to make sure that these fundamental values are enshrined and must be and can be enforced. I hope that answers your query. I did also want to mention that I'm very grateful for many of the comments that were made and indeed we would be happy to make the lecture available in writing, in written form. Thank you, back to you, Kismet. Thank you very much Donata. I don't know whether Marcia has any questions that she would like to pose. I see another interesting one in the chat. Should I go ahead, Marcia? Okay, so how is FAO working with other UN sister agencies to advocate for the leveraging of legal and regulatory frameworks as tools for transforming food systems? Thank you. Yes, we work very closely as you can imagine not only with our sister agencies but with other IGOs as well. But what we try and do and this is I think common in the UN system is that we actually all try to see where our added value comes. And so for example, in recent past and I did see one of our colleagues from the institution is here from IDLO, we began collaborating in the context of activities addressing COVID-19. And so they bring their rule of law perspective and we bring our technical knowledge of food law. With UNIDRA, we're doing a huge amount of work, particularly on contract farming. Nowadays we're actually working very actively on institutions for legal forms for agricultural investment with the intention of trying to develop guidance that could be used that enables say even the smallest agricultural producer to find a form of legal establishment that will then in turn give them access to, for example, credit to markets in a much more sustainable and safe way, a sustainable and secure way. So there's all sorts of engagement with the WHO. Of course, we work extremely closely because of the One Health approach that we take. And indeed the ICC is very familiar with all the work that we are doing on One Health with OIE as well. Because no single institution in the UN system can address these matters alone. We need to have that sort of comprehensive framework and we need to also understand we're not in competition with each other. But there is a huge amount of very practical technical work happening as well, not only just at headquarters level, but also at country level. You'll see we have in FAO, I believe it's 90 or so, offices outside headquarters. And they work closely with their counterparts UNESCO on education, promotion of information in schools, be it health matters, be it labor rights. This is how we work in that context. So all sorts of mechanisms going. And then of course in the governing bodies, there are the definition of policies are endorsed by the bodies. Here, I believe the ICC would be better place to speak. But what many instruments which are recognized say in the FAO also governing bodies are also then endorsed or recognized in others. And indeed, I believe in the AMR Global Plan of Action, that has been endorsed not only in the UN, also in FAO and also in WHO as a way of leveraging our respective constituents, the capacities of our respective constituencies in this context. I did wonder. I apologize, but may I ask a question I muted before. Based on your experience, and as we think about change, transformative change, is the change more likely at international, national or local level? Or have you seen a difference? Marsha asked me a very, very difficult question here. It's very difficult to answer that question because yes, change goes at different paces, but I think one always has to recognize the starting point for change at national level will always depend upon the national priorities and national government. And so great advances can be made on certain issues as has been reflected, say, on some climate change activities, climate change related activities, if that is a national priority. At international level, I mean, here indeed, I wonder whether the ICC might like to comment because he has his vast experience, not only as an ambassador, but also as a chair of program committee of FAO and now as the ICC. And so as far as whether change is fast at the international level, I believe he would be a better place. But my simple answer is that there is no easy answer. Sometimes these go step by step, you know, international action will move national action more quickly. National action sometimes comes together, coalesces in a way that it then influences it demonstrates an international consensus. But maybe Hans, I don't know a few. Thank you very much, Donata. And I think of, of course, what we need, of course, is implementation and transformative change at the national level, the action has to happen. But I think the United Nations and the international rule of law is that we can only get that change done if it's supported by action at the global level. We have to support especially, of course, in the United States it would be Africa, Gulag, or Asia. We have to support them with, I would say, legal structures, legal frameworks to make sure, and with, of course, the financial tools and instruments to make sure that they can increment at the national level action in the legal framework and on the ground. And that's what you're seeing with the Treaty on Platinum Resources. You've seen it with AMR. But my view was this, I see a tendency to go to voluntary guidelines and voluntary guidelines, guidelines are great because it's a negotiated out which we need. So it was clear we also had the food system, but when it becomes voluntary guidelines. So now I don't see many governments putting the voluntary guidelines into their legal systems. So how strong is then their commitment and what we need for transformative change and progressive change is much more commitment and we'll get that if it's done via legal systems and national level because then it can be involved in court if governments are not responsible for and are not accountable. And I think that's the strength of what we need, but I always think we need support at the global level to make things happen at the national level and especially hopefully via via legal framework because then that gives us strength and accountability and accountability and as I said before, not only for governments but also for the private sector. Give them an environment which places short that they are going to use in those countries. Thank you very much, ICC. I know from your participation in our symposium last year that your comments are always very, very thoughtful and helpful. Kislin, I think that we are about at 10.30 and I leave it to you to say whether we can continue with translation or whether this is the point at which we switch off. Thank you very much, Marcia. And indeed we are coming to the point of this meeting where we are losing our interpretation services. However, we had anticipated that and when it hadn't extended the time together by about 30 minutes or so for an informal dialogue. So I will leave it to you, Marcia, to close the event formally but to invite those who are on the chat to stay on for a little bit longer if they can. I know that both the ICC and the legal counsel themselves very busy, but they might be able to give us a few minutes of their time. So we will close formally, but leave the chat open for another 30 minutes understanding that we will be having this conversation in English without interpretation at this point. Thank you very much, Kislin. And I would like to say I hope before we have lost the translations that the interpretation, that I thank you so very, very much for those of you who joined the program today, but more than anything else, I thank the legal counsel for her wonderful remarks and for accepting our outreach, our invitation to be the lecturer for this year's World Food Law Institute event. And thank you for helping to make it possible in this, again, interdisciplinary international fashion. Thank you very, very much. I also thank the ICC for joining us again. Your remarks are always welcome and helpful. So thank you for that. And I would just like to say that I will be thinking about the remarks today as we consider how to move forward. What next? What are some of the issues that might be possible areas for our focus? And that is why I ask the last question. So thank you very, very much, legal advisor. Thank you very much, ICC. Thank you to everyone who has participated in the event today. And I'm sure that it was successful long before I joined it. And so thank you, thank you very much for that. For those of you who are staying on, please be willing to continue with your questions, your comments, and we will try to continue the discussion in English for another 20 to 30 minutes. For part of that time, I possibly with the legal advisor and the ICC, we will just have to see. So thank you very much. We have, I guess to say thank you for this very, very special day, special event. And I look forward to the comments and questions to come. I just wanna interject very quickly and say that the interpretation services have been extended to the end of the hour. So those who may have been discouraged thinking they would not be able to understand, please stay on. Well, thank you very much. So maybe we could go back to the chat and to any comments or questions. And maybe as we're going forward since the legal advisor and the ICC are still on, if you do have any comments to add or perhaps we could do that also. In fact, Marsha, if I may, I wanted in fact to thank those who have presented some really interesting information and questions in the chat I saw, for example, there was information about a matter in Ireland. It's really helpful to, in fact, this is how we learn. This is how we keep our thinking going. So we will be rapidly taking little notes as we go along. And one of the questions, if we have a few minutes that caught my eye was about customary law. And that is a matter sort of did to my heart, I have to say because customary law forms the basis for so many of the sort of norms, practices, rights and obligations in many, many countries sitting there alongside statutory law and not always achieving the say the recognition and the power that it actually has. And indeed it sometimes may be dismissed and Julie, which I believe is a mistake because these are laws and norms that many, many have in fact followed for many years for their lives for many generations. And indeed in that context, I believe some of my colleagues are online here today who are working specifically on a program which is looking at customary law. Customary law in the context of trying to address wild meat conservation and sustainability. And in that regard, there is a very specific recognition that you need to actually look at and understand the components of customary law. You need to look at the systems for dispute settlement under customary law. You need to understand the mechanisms by which rights be they tenure rights, the right to use forest products and non forest products. So that because without that understanding and that recognition of those systems, you are not going to be addressing the full picture. And so I welcome seeing that query and I did just want to interject on that one. Thank you. Back to you. Well, thank you. And perhaps I asked about international, national, local and maybe that I should add a fourth category, customary. And there are many persons in countries that are following customary law to them even if it is not written into statutes. So another question or comment, let's see. Kisilin, do you have, are you selecting something? It is true that many of the questions that were asked in the chat that have been touched upon by our colleagues. One question that came up was, how can I apply laws on protection, how can I apply laws of protection food system and make it highly efficient in different countries with different food systems? So how do the laws that apply to one context can benefit other contexts when it comes to food systems? Again, I may share this with the ICC. I would, I mean, my first answer is there is no one size fits all. Yes, sometimes model laws are adopted and developed but in every single case, a law needs to actually be designed for the setting in which it is intended to operate. So one can identify good practice, which is what I tried to do in my lecture. And indeed what the development or service of FEO consistently does identify what may be good practice, but at the same time, you need to actually look at everything that surrounds the food system within that particular country because to take the obvious example, a country which is not greatly involved in e-commerce, for example, would not need to have maybe the complexity of laws regulating food safety in the context of e-commerce than a country which has huge e-commerce activities. And there would be, in fact, it would be counterproductive because you might then create a huge institutional or administrative structures which in turn cost money but which in fact are not necessary. So there is no one size fits all but I think what we try and do and this through say the voluntary guidelines that the ICC was mentioning as well as guides and other documents, we try and identify what can be done but then it is for each country to actually design it. And for that, I would also say that our approach is very much that for legislation to be effective, for legislation to truly understand the situation in the country, all stakeholders must indeed be consulted. It's not a question of someone sitting in a government office alone to design legislation. There is a need for consultation with the businesses that will be affected, with the communities that will be affected, with the individuals that will be affected so that you can take into account the needs of all to create the legislative framework that you need to advance food systems. And I think this applies to all legislation that I've worked in different places where we've tried to do that but I think it applies even more in the case of food and food systems because this affects absolutely everybody in different ways be it as a producer, a distributor, the supplier, the consumer, et cetera. So you need to have the laws which say guarantee or safeguarded food systems need to really be designed in the context of the framework of the economic, social, cultural, historical setting in which a country is to be found. Thank you. So I don't know whether the ICC wanted to chime in. If not, I will, I think so. Well, I can agree because I fully agree what was said by Donata and I think that's the strength if you develop an international level, voluntary guidance, and I hope even more strong legal framework. Of course, they have to be general to make sure that they have to be implemented in all the countries of the United Nations. And then the strength of course comes if it's translated the national level in accordance with the national priorities, national circumstances, and as was said also very well by Donata, national circumstances can differ from country to country also when it comes to cultural backgrounds, et cetera. And then the strength again is if you then have a trade at the national level and we learn from it and you make good practice in the national level, you can further strengthen it again the next step of the implementation. So I think it's an interaction between the international and the national level legal frameworks. I think that's what we try to do. And sometimes we have great successes but sometimes we see that we are not there yet and I think it's a way of thinking. Thank you, thank you very much, ICC. I see another question that I think might be interesting given that the legal office is right now looking into this is the role of data protection and digital technologies in shaping food security and agriculture. So I will let you answer that. I have to say I don't feel particularly well qualified to answer that. It is because it is a highly specialized field. We there, for example, I could point to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which is looking very, very carefully, addressing very, very carefully these matters. The rights in fact, providing sort of access to certain genetic resources and trying at the international legal level to ensure that there is access and benefit sharing. So data protection and IP plays a huge, huge role in that context. We also are aware of other treaties. I mean, there are sort of UNEP administered treaties which are also relevant in the sort of more data protection intellectual property field. At this moment in time, the FAO legal office is not working as such on guidance in this regard. So I have to, I would be wary about saying too much because I don't want to say something wrong. But it is, yes, without doubt hugely important and particularly as our food supplies, our food systems grow more global and protections and the recognition of rights are hugely important and with a view to avoiding abuse or exploitation inappropriately. But with that, I mean, if you would like to provide an email address, I'm sure that we would be able to, after the lecture, share sort of some sources that we have that maybe you could find of interest in assistance. Thank you. Thank you, Nat. Any deed, I think there was at least one participant who asked whether we could share additional resources that would be related to some of the hypothesis that have been made in the lecture. So this is something that I think we could certainly try and do. There is another question here. How does the law work to implement ideas related to climate change? What are the challenges and factors that are affecting the implementation and its effectiveness? So how the law works to implement ideas or initiatives related to climate change? What are the challenges and the factors? Thank you. Thank you. And indeed, this query is one which is very, very, very, very topical. So I don't need to say that to those around the screen at the moment. And indeed, there is a lot of work ongoing in this regard at the moment. Most of it is still sort of at the developments, very much of the development stage conceptually. There are very few countries which have implemented, say, climate change laws specifically to address food and agriculture. And yet, as has been recognized, I mean, say in the coronavir process, that food and agriculture, addressing food and agriculture will be essential for climate change.  But to be effective, and I'm afraid here I gain, I sort of return back to, say, my response to an earlier question. To be effective, you need to actually first review what you have in your law. Because some countries have gaps. Some countries have laws which maybe could achieve climate change objectives. But we'd say some form of adjustment. Other laws, no doubt, would need to be heavily revised because they, in fact, counter to sort of the needs of the globe right now. In order to be effective, like any piece of legislation, I mean, you need institutions, you need resources, you need regulations that are actually implemented and are enforceable. But in the context of climate change, it is very, very tricky because when we look at that whole supply chain, that whole agri-food system, you're dealing with not only Laentenya questions, you're dealing with also your production questions, you're dealing with your distribution questions. You're all the way, all across the food supply chain. And so it isn't easy, but as I said, we have begun analysis and we hope to begin being much more active, but we've already begun analysis addressing adaptation, mitigation measures that could be taken in the context of food and agriculture across the different sectors. Because it's not just livestock that you need to address. It's also the questions of fisheries are of them, which I have to say until we began that research, I wasn't aware of, but right across the spectrum, consumer laws need to be addressed. So climate change, effective laws to address climate change in food and agriculture are a priority, but they are not easy. And they would require a huge amount of political will just from governance, precisely because of their very complexity. You need a real dedication to be looking at that and to be addressing them and the real needs to be ready to transform. Because for some sectors, it is likely there will need to be quite significant transformation. Thank you. There was one question or comment in the chat that made me think about the impact of the laws and the food and agriculture sector on different segments of the community. So the question was about women and trees and tenure, I think, but women and youth have been two of the constituencies groups that have become, I guess, we always try to think of laws and policies that might address the concerns and needs of both of them. So I wondered if there might be a comment about either, what FAO is doing, for example, with some specific projects or programs legally, that might help either youth or women. And I also ask that because our first world food law lecture was presented by the Nobel laureate, Wangari Mathai, who talked about forest and food. So again, the whole idea of trees and food and different ways of finding food security, promoting food security and secure livelihoods. Thank you. Thank you very much, Marsha. Yes, you're quite right. At the moment, there is a particular focus in the work of FAO on youth and women and also indeed, specifically rural youth. There is at the moment under the careful guidance of the ICC, the finalization of a rural youth action plan. And with respect to women, we have from the governing bodies, we already have the endorsement of the importance of addressing particularly the needs of vulnerable communities and specifically vulnerable sections of the population and particularly women. Women are some of the world's largest number of the world's producers of food. They are also those who need food to feed not only themselves but their children. And so there is a focus on these. Within the context of our legislation work, there we, in the context of designing or assisting our member nations to design the legislation, we would also always do an analysis of the impact, say on women and how can we help women within that framework. And again, the actual recommendation for action will differ from sector to sector in country to country. Some regions, some countries, you have say large number of say women fisherfolk and they're as reflected in many of our voluntary guidelines, et cetera, we then address the needs of that particular community in our recommendations. So that's how we try and ensure that communities that maybe need that extra recognition and extra support are actually addressed within the context of laws. They would also be engaged, of course, representative groups would also be engaged in consultations around national laws. Whenever we work with an individual country that is in the, that has requested our assistance to develop legislation, multi-stakeholder consultations are for us an essential part of the process. And that includes those who would be most impacted by the legislation. So that's quite a generic answer, I'm afraid. But again, we could point you to a lot of the guidance that we have actually developed in that context of how do you mainstream some of these major challenges that we face and that countries face and that communities within countries face so that the law actually works for the entire nation. For us, that is essential. Thank you. Back to you, Lashne. Thank you very much. We have a few minutes left. And I wondered if the ICC has a comment he would like to make to help us conclude and before we, I think, give the final word to the legal advisor. Thank you very much. And first of all, I think I would like to compliment you, Masha, and I would say to Google Institute for having these discussions and certainly listening to Renata. It's always very much our joy to work with, our insights also to see how we can make the recommendations much more strong to be implemented in the national legal framework. For example, when it comes to gender, the position of women and girls that I don't work, one of the most difficult issues we negotiated when it comes to the voluntary guidance. And we still use differences in the information at the national level. Of course, only if we give them a strong, if we translate it in legal frameworks, we can give women and girls access to lead and access to financing. Because if you own an international level, an international level can only make recommendations. But we have to do our utmost to convince those countries to put the legal structure so that it will happen on the ground. And as long as people pushing, perhaps we get step by step forward. And that's why we need that strong legal discussion so that we not only speak about political commitments, but we try to translate it in much more stronger commitments via international and national legal frameworks. And I think the shared growth or not, and I have different positions within the FEO organization, but I think that's the only way forward we really want to achieve sustainable food systems and health and diet. And if we make the mistake, that we can do it. We are getting nearer. But again, we are not yet far enough. Thank you. I thank you also. Donata. Well, thank you. Thank you, Marsha. And thank you to the Institute firstly for providing this forum, which brings us together what's a year to exchange thoughts and views and to learn from each other. I've learned a lot in this session. And I would like to take the opportunity also to thank the ICC with whom we work a lot with other things. But so this is the first time that I think on these sort of issues that we've collaborated closely and it has been a true pleasure. And of course, the team who have been helping us arrange this. But most importantly, I really would like to thank those who have taken the time to join us and to be here today and to think about what we're saying and maybe just to leave with a plea that maybe from this, please don't stop this conversation. Please have this conversation with others and please be a champion of legislation and law to promote secure food systems, sustainable agri-food systems. I think this is essential because this needs everybody's engagement and those who are here have so much knowledge I can see from the comments that they've said and they would be the most important advocates globally for really solid agri-food systems. Thank you very much to all of you, goodbye. Thank you very much, Donata. And I would say also thank you to all of the participants. Perhaps this could be the start of the network that I've had in mind for many years, a legal network to continue discussions like this on a particular topic. So perhaps we can think about that as we go forward. And I want to thank Kieselin also for all that she has done to help make this successful and pull this program together. So thank you very, very much for that. We at the World Food Law Institute are honored to have been involved in this to help to make it possible. And we look forward to continuing collaborations and programs together. So thank you again. Thank you, Donata. Thank you, ICC. And thank you very, very much to the attendees from around the world, for your participation, for your questions. And I certainly look forward to hearing any comments or suggestions from you as we go forward. This does not have to stop right now, as Donata said. So let us think about how we might keep the discussion going forward. Certainly we will consider them as we plan our roundtables, which we hold perhaps every quarter and the symposium, which we will hold with FAO in next year. So we think we'll think forward, but certainly I would welcome your ideas and your questions as we go forward. And thank you to those who have made this possible through your interpretations. And thank you for staying over.


Bollywood, what made you think that you wanted to be in films? Well, I grew up in a joint family in Gurgaon and then there was this Richelina house that every weekend we would watch three to four films together as a family. And since I must be like 12, 13 at that time and I just fell in love with the whole world of films and actors and at that time as a kid I used to think these actors are not from this planet. There's some surreal people and they must be living this dream life and I thought I want to be with these people. I want to be this guy who's watching on screen right now and that's where I think that the seat got planted inside me that I want to be a film actor and I started working towards that. I started doing theatre in my school then during my graduation I studied from DU AISD College. I was doing theatre there then I joined another repertory company in Delhi and then I went to my film school in Pune, AFTI, I did my acting course there. But the only thing I never wanted to chase anything else apart from just the pure craft. You know I never wanted to be an actor because I wanted fame or money or anything else. These are all byproducts. For me it's about genuinely loving what you do and that's what I followed and that's where the film school training also helped me a lot in giving me a better understanding of acting. Because before that you know we all were, I was growing up watching a lot of Hindi films and for me actors were as I said they were like you have to look good, you have to say your dialogues heavily and that's it, you're sorted, you're an actor. But it's way more than that, it's for now it's actually quite meditative for me to be an actor and this is what gives me the most amount of happiness just to be on a film set. Sure. I mean since you mentioned that you wanted to be an actor when you're 12 or 13 you really think of acting you know as song and dance and love stories. But you've never done those conventional roles on the big screen. You've actually taken very bold and quirky roles and you know you've been very creative how you've done them. So what was your reason of actually, if I could say the word you know, offbeat roles in your film career? Well there are two things. Before my film school I also wanted to just do song and dance but I think when the moment I got exposed to international cinema and actors like Daniel Day-Lewis and De Niro's and Rosha Mons and Kurosawa's of the world I realized that no it's not about only what I was thinking that it was. It was way more than that.   You're looking for that first film to happen. In my case it happened with LSD Love, Sex or Dhoka produced by Iqta and directed by Devakar Banerjee. And that was my only chance. That was my only platform to showcase my talent, showcase my work to the world. And I'm very glad I did that film because of course now it became a cult. That film it was a revolution. It was the first digital film of our country. And a lot of people took notice of my work in that film, Svishti Anrakshava, Anrakshar. He saw me in that film. He called me. He gave me another film called Gang Sabar Sabar. From Gang Sabar Sabar he mentioned it to Hansel Sir, Hansel Mehta that he should meet this guy for Shahid. So I think it was all connected. So I'm just happy that my career started with a film like LSD so that I could do more films like that, do more realistic films and films that I believe in and I really personally enjoy being a part of. Sure. And it's also well known that you work with a lot of first-time directors yourself.  But you nevertheless go ahead and take those risks. You know, I mean a lot of us out here are actually from the business space. We take a lot of risks ourselves. So you know, how does it feel?  How do you tell yourself that, okay, no, I'm going to go ahead with it?  So you know, how does that work for you? It's exactly like what you said. You have to go, once you say yes to it, you have to go all out and then you can't go half-heartedly and thinking that, okay, let me try. But then you're like co-founders really, right? Yeah, yeah, exactly. But I always, I believe in energies a lot. Like I spend a lot of time with my directors and if I, before saying yes to it, if I like the energy of that person, if I see that he's also visualizing the film the way I'm seeing it in my mind and we both are on the same, you know, stage, then I say yes to it. But the moment I feel that, you know, he's maybe, he's seeing it from a very different point of view. He wants to make it like a really masala, though it's not meant to be a really masala entertainer, but he wants to make it because he wants to 100 crores. If that is the motivation, then I'll have my doubts. But if somebody just wants to make it because he wants to have fun, he wants to really want to tell this story, that's the cue for me to say yes to it. And it, most of the time, it has paid off in my favor. Like, you know, Amar Kaushik who made Street, that was his first film. And I remember meeting him for the first time. And I really liked the guy. I thought he's so amazing, he's so funny. And there's so much, there's so much, I think there was a lot of synergy in that room. And me, Amar, Dinesh, Vijay and our producer, we were sitting in that room. And I thought, this experience, this process is going to be a lot of fun just to work with Amar for two months on Street. And that's exactly what happened. You know, when the whole team is synchronized, the whole motivation is to tell a good story in the best way possible and not thinking about anything else, it shows in your work. I've seen that in my field. Once you're having fun and you're really happy about it, it starts showing on your work. And that's what happened with Street. When you see Street, you're enjoying the film because we as actors, as makers, we're also enjoying it so much. Sure. And you know, when today we are in the digital age and we see a lot of digital channels coming in and movies actually being made specially for digital channels. Do you see yourself being a part of that? Do you see yourself doing series in the coming times? Or, you know, maybe even experimenting with the, let's say, a foreign cinema of Chinese entertainment or maybe, I don't know, Turkish entertainment. We're actually coming down to like one entertainment focus and I think YouTube has done that for us. So do you see yourself getting into bigger and better or maybe even a production site? I would love to. I would love to explore my boundaries. I can't announce it on stage, but there's something happening very soon with this international film company and international director. I can't name it right now. But yeah, I'm doing that. Sorry. And series, yeah, I would love to be a... I'm a big fan of a lot of series. I do watch a lot of series in my free time. And if something great comes my way, I would definitely grab that opportunity because I think there's no difference now. You know, be it a feature film or be it a great series. Like we all watch Narcos and Game of Thrones and Deli Crime. And we talk about them in the same fashion as we talk about feature films. So I don't see any difference, especially now. I think it's everybody has easy access to digital platforms. So I would love to explore that boundary as well, yes. And production? Eventually, yeah, I think that's my plan. I would love to produce one day. I would also love to be like entrepreneur, like you guys, though I know it's... It is a lot of risk, but I think there's no fun without risk in life. You have to take your chances. And how do you sort of reinvent yourself when you get into different roles? You know, one role, we've seen your movies and we've seen that one role and the other role, they don't have like similarities.  But when you're doing cult roles like the way you do, it requires a different mindset altogether. So how do you reinvent? How do you tell yourself? I mean, right from your physical appearance to how you sort of in your mind mentally prepare yourself to get into a newer role? Well, most of the time it is already there in the script. I think the script tells you the way you're seeing the character. But I tend to add a lot of things from my side. Like, for instance in Newton, I thought that the curls in my hair you see and that little twitch that you see in my eyes was my idea. But Amit was kind enough to agree to that. Like the way Vicky says, we keep lead in three, that was something which came just from like, thought I thought that that's how we should say it. So I think as an actor, I tend to improvise a lot. I tend to give it my own touch.  We have seen this performance earlier. So I'm genuinely consciously trying to do everything different from each other. That when you see one performance, I'm doing another horror comedy right now called Ruhi Afzah with Janvi and Varun. We're shooting in Agra actually. And it's another horror comedy after three and I know people would compare and people would say, okay, no, but we have seen that. So I've added a lot of things. I'm making it more challenging for myself. But that's the fun, I think, of being an actor. When you surprise yourself, when you surprise your audience and, you know, that's the way I see it. If you keep doing the same thing all your life, it gets very boring, I think, for both the parties.   And what did you learn from them? Which gave you a sense that, you know, now, because I have been through this, because I have, you know, this has happened to me, it was no road, it was better. What did you learn from your mistakes? I think mistakes are very important. It should make them, then only, I think, I feel you can grow in life. There are a couple of films I've done. I think, mostly, maybe two I can remember right now. I won't name them, though, but yeah. Those are the films I thought that I probably shouldn't have done. And I'm not equally proud of those films. They're still in my filmography, and they would always be there. From my mistake that I should only do films or I should only do the kind of work that my heart really says yes to. And these two were the only films where my heart was not saying yes, but I did for other reasons, for some emotional attachments to the makers. But I think you should, I learned my lesson. It doesn't work in your favor. If it doesn't come from your heart, if you don't really feel excited about it, you should really don't go for it. Now, how do you keep professional and emotional side apart?  So how do you now segregate? So now I have pretty more work than what I had earlier. So now dates are a great excuse, I think. So now I can just say, which genuinely is also an issue right now. But dates, or sometimes, now actually, I try and be honest. It happened in the past couple of months where I just went up to the person and told them, listen, I really don't see myself in it. And you know, I'm sure you want me to be there, but I won't come like wholeheartedly. And I don't want to do something where I'm not fully involved. It won't really help either of us. So what is it that you've learned from the entertainment industry? Ten years down the line, how do you see yourself doing something different in the industry than what you're doing now? Ten years down the line, actually... I'm not futuristic at all. I don't really plan my life as such. I try and live in the moment in acting and in life. But if you ask me, I would say, yeah, I would love to produce more film. I would love to produce great content. I would love to tell stories that, you know, you guys will feel excited about and would go and probably try and change a few things about the cinema. Maybe the language of films that we use in our films, in the cinema. And something new, something that probably we haven't seen earlier. Maybe a love story that the way we have not seen earlier. That would be nice. You know, so it's now becoming quite sort of symbiotic in the industry that, you know, because you have such a huge celebrity image, you can partner today with a young startup. And because of that and something you believe in and something that you're passionate about, and you can actually be partners or co-founders, as I said, together and make that business bigger. So do you see yourself doing that at some point of time? Yeah, if anybody's out there who's ready to partner with me, I'm very open with the idea. Yes, I'm very open with the idea. I think there's some great points out there and there's so many amazing startups happening. I keep a tab of some of them, but yeah, I'm very open to the idea of, you know, going in a partnership with some amazing startup.


The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in East Gall Lake held a meeting last night to get the public's opinion on if they should close off a portion of Gall Lake Dam Road, which is a convenient roadway that connects the city to the Gall Lake Recreation Area. Anthony Scott has that story. Whether it's to get to the Recreation Area or to simply get to a destination faster, Gall Lake Dam Road is used by thousands of motorists every day. However, concerns over the almost 90-year-old road arose after work had to be done in the fall of 2017. We had an issue with the embankment along the road there on East Gall Lake Dam Road where with the high water there was some erosion and some slippage of the slope there that needed an emergency repair. The erosion and slope change, however, was not caused by the road or traffic, but by heavy rain. Then Native American tribes in the area expressed their concerns about the portion of Gall Lake Dam Road. A tribal representative also asked us to close this section of roadway due to the proximity to their sacred burial grounds, too. Members of the Native American tribe were not present at the meeting to discuss their concerns. If the city decides to close a portion of the road, motorists will lose access to this one-lane bridge that goes over the dam, dramatically hurting businesses in the area. Most of our customers come from the Resorts, and they usually take the one-lane bridge, so it would definitely impact us pretty substantially. The city had to close the road when the embankment project was happening last year, and that gave businesses a taste of how life would be without the road. They closed it for some repairs two years ago or last year, which obviously we noticed a little bit of an impact. Right now, no alternate routes are in place if the road is closed. If they do need to shut down the road, we ask that they would give us enough time to, or the city enough time to work with the county to add an additional road. Other concerns at the meeting that were expressed by the public included fire department access and the financial cost of a new road. Reporting from East Skull Lake, Anthony Scott, Lakeland News. If a decision is eventually made to close the road, it would not happen until the year 2022.


This video was brought to you by my patrons. Thank you so much for your support. Hello there! We are back to the video schedules and I wanted to start a new series. So a series about the four pillars of object-oriented design or object-oriented programming. They are abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance or class relation and polymorphism. But before we dive into the content itself, let me explain to you how I want to take this series. I want to make something that I didn't solve in any other place, that is to make the programming language be as understandable as human language. So my take on that is to make the programming language an way to automate your thoughts. So I have here this sliding panel and I will program it. I will describe its behavior just like I would describe it for let's say a peer, for a friend. So if my friend asked me what a sliding panel does, I would answer it in a given way. And this is what we are doing when we are programming. We are automating these thoughts, our thoughts on let's say a designing panel. So programming languages are just a way to automate your thoughts. This is my take on that. Many times I will describe something in an unusual way that's not technical per se, but that will at least give you some insights about what is the intention of that technique, for instance. I already have a video on encapsulation, but it's more a video about a workaround that I use it encapsulation to work around a limitation of implementation. And this one will be more about the actual encapsulation technique or the encapsulation pillar of object oriented program. So without further ado, let's get started. But before we dive into the implementation of this sliding panel and see how I use it encapsulation and use it as an example to understand the encapsulation features of the object oriented programming, let's see how it is described. So how encapsulation is described. So I will switch to a book here. And in this book, it says it states that encapsulation is the ability of an object to hide parts of its state and behaviors from other objects, exposing only a limited interface to the rest of the program. To encapsulate something means to make it private. So if you know the script, you can think about this and see, okay, so the script doesn't have encapsulation. But let's continue. And thus making it accessible only from within the methods of this of its own class. So we don't actually have private features or the private keyword in the script. But to make it private is to make it accessible from only within the methods of its own class. And if you watch the video on encapsulation that I have previously, you can see that we have this feature enabled for us to make something accessible only through the methods of its own class. So I will go back to Google and let's see how we can apply this. So I will open the script here and turn on the distraction free mode. But before we dive into the actual implementation of this technique, allow me to elaborate a bit on encapsulation feature, because I want to make this parallel with a human language or with a human thought. In the clean code book, they have a usage for the encapsulation that I found amazing. They say that you can encapsulate the implementation of a method through the method name or the implementation of a verbal to the verbal name. So let's say we have a verbal that its implementation says that it will be the normal of a collision or something like that. So we can encapsulate this feature or this implementation in the verbal name. Let's call the verbal collision normal, right? Because this will say what this verbal is and what will be the data that it will care and what we will get from it. This is kind of like how we use words into human language as well. Let's think about it. When we say water, we are actually referring to a given a range of molecules of the world, right? But instead of saying, oh, I'm drinking a diox of hydrogen, we say I'm drinking water, right? So this is the thing that the clean code is trying to pass through this encapsulating implementation. You can use this feature not only as a private feature of a programming language, but you can use this encapsulation to provide an interface of any implementation of anything at all. You can use encapsulation to encapsulate the implementation of a class telling that this will be a sliding panel, for instance, and the implementation will be that it will be slide and it will be a panel. And you can think about that just by reading the class name. The same goes for the verbal name. So I have here a title and a title is a text. So the implementation itself, I can presume that it will point to a string that will be the title of the panel, for instance, if we go back here, it will be this title here, and then the description here that will be this verbal here. So this is something that you have to keep in mind that the concept of encapsulation doesn't actually just apply to, let's say, making something private to use the private keyword. It means to hide the implementation and provide an interface to whoever is reading or understanding what you are saying so that they can understand, oh, so if you are saying that, I think that this is the content that you are pointing to. So it's a very important concept to have even when you are speaking to someone. So you don't have to explain the details of what you are trying to say, but you provide a single word or a small phrase that will encapsulate all the thoughts that want to pass through this word or through this phrase. But now let's get started to the implementation of this into a programming language. So I will take rid of this left panel here for an instant. And let's try to understand what I'm doing here. So to me encapsulation is to make data or to make implementation an easier to digest piece of information. So I have here the title and the description properties of this sliding panel class. And the thing is that when you are actually trying to set the title and the description of this sliding panel, it will actually go to the one of these labels here, because labels is what display text in Godot, right? But instead of throwing this responsibility of knowing that this should be set to a label to an outside class, what I did here is to make this very digestible to make this easier to access to provide an interface to other classes to interact with these labels. So I made here the title and the description point to these labels. And when some other class tries to access these values, instead, it will access the text properties of these labels. So when some other class tries to change the content of the title, for instance, instead of having to access all of these, it just have to say, okay, set the title to this string. I don't have to care about what it will be. I don't have to care about the implementation. Just just make the title be that string for me. And if you see, I will turn on the left panel again. If we go here into the game, you can see that this is actually everything that this class has to know about the implementation of the sliding panel, it just have to take the sliding panel and say, okay, this, let's go back to the sliding panel. So it has the title, then the description, and it also has a sliding distance. So if you go back here, the game class just have to say, okay, set the description to this text and set the title to this text and just show yourself. So you can see that the interaction within these two classes is very, very simple. And this is what you're trying to achieve with encapsulation to make the implementation an easier to digest information to provide an interface to be interacted with this class. And if we go back to the sliding panel, you can see that actually when the game class is telling the sliding panel to change the text of the title label, it is actually going to this path into the text property and setting it to be a given text lower case. So this is everything that the game class will actually pass through until the actual content of the title is changed. But for this game class, it doesn't care about that. It doesn't care what will the sliding panel do with the piece of information that it will give to it. You just need to know that, okay, set the description to that, set the title to that, I don't care about how you will achieve that, just do it for me. This is everything that this class should know. And this is what the encapsulation does. It will hide the implementation details to make these interactions as seamless as possible. Now, another thing that I want to show to you, I will turn off this distraction-free mode, and I will open the Moonsheeser scene here. And something that I want to show to you is look at the scene tree here. We have this sliding panel, right? But you can see that we have only the sliding panel. There is no child, there is no children on this node here. But if we go back to the sliding panel, it's way more complex than it seems, right? But here we have only the sliding panel. This is because when you save a scene as a branch, actually what you are making is encapsulating it. You can see that if I go here into this Moonsheeser, that is this game script, when I try to access the panel.description, you can see that we have the description here. We have the title as well, the timer, the twin, etc. But if we try to say that the panel will actually be the achievement slash sliding panel, and you can see that we have way more children to go. So it is way more complex than it seems. But it doesn't have to be that complex. And if I go here and make it Editable Children, you can see that we have access to all the children. But the idea of making a branch an independent scene, so to use this save as branch feature, is to encapsulate this branching of the scene tree into a single scene, into a scene that will be independent by itself. And therefore other scenes or other nodes doesn't have to have access to this children, to the children of this branch. So this is another feature that you can use to make your scenes encapsulated. So to make your nodes being encapsulated, not only your code. Because remember, the idea of encapsulation is to take a complex set of data, and make it easy to digest. You can think about the capsules. So a capsule is a complex set of machines that you don't have to care about what is the content of the capsule itself. You just have to know what is the capsule and what it is meant to be used for. And you'll just take it. And instead of having to take a bit of each medicine that is inside this capsule, you just have to digest this capsule at once. The same thing goes for node trees. The same thing goes for classes, for methods, for everything. You take information, you take complex data, and you encapsulate into easy to digest piece of information. So this is my take on encapsulation. I want to show with that, remember that I want to abstract this concept so we can apply it to other fields, not only when you are programming a class, not only when you are writing a code, but to take this concept and apply it into other fields. When you are communicating to someone, when you are making a scene, when you are trying to explain something, when you are making a food, maybe you can encapsulate the ingredients into a more digestible piece of food or meal. Take this concept and apply it to other fields as well. This is my take on that. Also, before my feral, I want to welcome Mike King, my newest patron. So if you like my content, you can do as Mike King did and support me on Patreon as well. I will redesign the rewards and I will add some goals. This year I want to have some goals with Patreon. I want to make some amazing things with that. So join me, join my big club, and you can also participate into the pools that we have on Discord. I will have more pools exclusive to patrons as well so they can have some decision power with my content. And well, just join me and help me make amazing content. I hope to continue making the content, subscribe as well so you can get more on this content and you can help me grow the channel. That's it. Thank you so much for watching, keep developing and see you next time.


Hey, this is Brett. And this 2018 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Tradesman is stock number 13537Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used heavy-duty truck and Ram headquarters. This 2018 Ram 2500 has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine. It's paired up with the 6-speed 68 RFP automatic transmission. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off, and it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside underneath, start it up, and take a look under the hood to give you the most accurate representation of the truck that I can. Bright silver metallic is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities, turn them on now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition, options, and cleanliness of the truck before seeing it in person. Now as you go down this driver's side, note that the box, doors, and cab are all in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents, I didn't see any dings anywhere on this truck. Front fender is in great shape, and if you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash summit auto. Click the bell notifications and you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. This one comes with the steel wheels with the chrome covers. It has Firestone TransForce AT tires, these are LT 27570R18s, they have just a little bit under half the tread left on them, still a little bit of decent tread there, frame and under body is in excellent shape. This is a one owner clean title history out of West Virginia. The headlight lenses are nice and clear, and the front bumper is in fantastic condition, I didn't see any dents or dings on there. The grille is in excellent shape in the hood, I didn't see any dents or dings or scuffs or anything on there, and it does come with cab lights up top. Passenger side front fender looks really good too, and the passenger side front wheel no major scuffs or scrapes. It's silver metallic, my favorite silver on the Rams, it's got a lot of metal flake to it, looks really good. And as you go down this side of this 2018, Ram 2500 take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. I take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the truck, hear the truck and of confidence in the vehicle you're looking at, before you even get here, so when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video that was helpful and that Brett sent you. Back wheels in nice shape, and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, maybe even a little bit more. Frame and underbody back here looks great, and it has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been altered in any way, and the underbody is very clean on this truck all the way. Lower rockers and cab corners are great, and it does come with factory chrome step bars. Passenger side box, I didn't see any dents or dings in there, coming around to the back of the vehicle, rear bumpers in great shape, didn't see any dents in that, it does have full towing package which includes the receiver hitch, 4 pin and 7 pin wiring, and the tailgate is in very nice condition as well. I didn't see any major dents on there, comes with a spray and bed liner, it also has LED bed lighting, and that bed liner goes on to the tailgate which is really nice as well, shuts nice and solidly, and for full disclosure this back wheel just as nice as the rest. Going down the rest of the side once again, doors are in fantastic shape, those have the heated fold up tow mirrors, built in directional signals, they fold up like that, they fold in like that as well. Inside the tradesman package gives you the gray cloth interior, 40-20-40 split bench seating in the front, seats are in really nice condition, no rips or tears, really nice and clean, has heavy duty rubber floors, auto headlamps, power windows, locks and mirrors. Take a quick look at the back seats, back seats are just as nice as front seats, no rips or tears back here, it does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have, fixed glass rear window, and that headliner is in nice shape as well. These seats fold up, you get storage underneath there, rubber floors back here, you get in-floor storage with removable containers for easy cleaning, you can put ice and drinks in there, it's like you have too many coolers wherever you go, or if you're not from Wisconsin, just extra storage, does have the child safety locks on the back doors and the bottoms and inside of the doors all look really, really good on this truck. Did want to show you the VIN sticker, as well as the tire and loading information sticker. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. You can see this one has 20,701 miles and yes, we will be putting some fuel in this truck right after this video. You get the digital speedometer, compass, outside temperature display, instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, cruise controls on the right, there's your six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. This one does have the Uconnect 5M FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities on it. And I believe that's also where your backup camera shows up and you can connect it to your phone, Bluetooth, climate controls, factory brake controller, five auxiliary up-fit switches, stability control, tow-haw and your factory exhaust brake, 4x4 shifter right there. You get three cup holders down there and three cup holders right there. And the passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition as well. Once again, the headliner is in really nice shape. You get map lights up there and we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. Once again, other than needing some fuel. And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video, you've been able to verify the quality condition options and, of course, cleanliness of this truck all the way around inside and out. Under the hood, we have the 6.7 liter common diesel engine, engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change on the fluids having checked and topped off. And it is 100% ready to go. There is the emissions sticker. And I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it, we got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video. In all the videos that you see there, click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at summitauto.com. In fact, in a second, you'll see links to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. Links to more Ram 2500 truck videos like this one in the upper right, link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left. And a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right because check us out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2018 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Show Box Basement in bright silver metallic. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Hello everyone this is Amit Dan of amitdan.com you're watching one of my maloji travel videos and today I'm taking you to a street food stall in Kuala Lumpur malojiya. This was located in front of the Kuala Lumpur National House and the street food vendor was a stand-alone street food vendor in a small truck. It was very colorful and I found the prices were extremely cheap. I picked up a burger which was 5 malojiya ringgits which is about 1.25 US dollar because one malojiya ringgit is about 25-6 US dollars. So it is very colorful and there are lots of different types of foods and drinks and mango juices. Thank you for watching this video. Don't forget to subscribe to this channel. Don't forget to like this video. There will be more videos coming up. So I'll see you shortly. Thank you.