Hi everybody, and welcome to today's presentation on codependency. Over the next hour or so, we're going to define what codependency is, identify characteristics of the codependent relationship, explore the motivations for these behaviors, because we've talked before about the fact that people do things that are rewarding, and they don't do things that are not rewarding. And when faced with two choices that are rewarding, they choose the more rewarding one. By choosing this dysfunctional relationship, it's more rewarding than the alternative. So we need to look at why that is, and try to figure out how to fix that imbalance. And then we'll hypothesize alternate healthier behaviors. So codependency can serve as an alternate addiction or a distraction. If someone is in recovery from addiction, they can also be codependent. Now not all codependents have addictions to other things. But the chances are we're dealing with very similar behaviors. We're dealing with the need to self validate, the need to escape, the need to numb the fear of being alone. Codependence may use relationships to try to deal with depression or anxiety. You know, I don't have to focus on my own depression and anxiety if I'm focused on fixing you. If I can focus on something outside of me, then I don't have the energy left to focus on my own depression, anxiety, stuff, whatever the case may be. Ultimately, codependency is a self-defeating because one of the few things that can't be controlled is the will of another person. So if you're in a relationship with someone and you're codependent and they are an addict or an alcoholic or, you know, fill in the blank, the need to try to control, the need to try to rescue them is likely going to fail. And when that fails, the person with codependency will sort of tighten the reins and try to control them more. The other person will resist more. You can see where this is going. And it ends up badly. Very rarely, if ever, do codependent relationships end up being healthy for both parties. So codependency describes a type of relationship in which one partner defines his or her worth or goodness based on someone else. So if you're in a relationship and you are such and such as wife or you are such and such as husband or you are the CEO of this company and you define yourself exclusively as that and you define your worth or goodness based on the success of that, then you may be looking at some codependent issues. And you notice I talked about being a CEO. Some people, when they become workaholics, if you want to use that term that I think has been overused, will define their entire persona, their entire world, their entire life, based on the success of this business. And if it fails, they interpret themselves as failures. So it's important to understand that codependency is one of those kind of interesting terms that we can use to identify this need to define ourselves or focus on something outside of ourselves. The codependent person often chooses relationships in which the other person needs to be rescued because then they become indispensable. If the other person needs a caregiver, if the other person needs them to bail them out of jail, if the other person needs to have them around for some reason, then the codependent feels safe. They feel secure because they don't feel like they are lovable and needed for who they are. They feel like they have to be serving a function, serving a role in order to not be abandoned. So some of the mantras that I hear when I'm working with patients who are dealing with codependency issues, I don't understand why she refuses to change. I've done everything for her. Well, because you are looking at it from your perspective. The person with codependency has certain needs that need to be met, but the person with the addiction, and we're just going to say that for right now, also has other needs. The person with the addiction may not want to change because it's too scary. They don't think they can or they don't think they deserve to be happy and healthy. Other reasons too, but those are the three big ones. So the person with codependency is not getting into the mind of the addict. They are seeing it from their perspective. They're like, well, I've done everything. So why isn't this person changing like I expect them to? Well, because you're not meeting the needs that they need to have met and they're not ready to meet those needs because you can't change another person, which takes us to helping someone who doesn't want help is an exercise in futility. So score, the first part of that is a correct statement. But what are you supposed to do if you don't help? That butt negates everything ahead of time. It says, but I'm going to help them anyway because I don't know any other alternative. So when you're working with somebody with codependency, you really want to help them see how to set boundaries and how to say, I'm here to help. Here are the things that I can do for you, but I'm not going to chase you. If you want help, you need to come and get it. And there are some caveats. If you want help from me, I'm not going to keep bailing you out of jail. I'm not going to keep supporting your substance abuse or your addiction habit. So let's look at codependency as an addiction.  But in reality, it meets a lot of the same criteria. In codependency, the person needs more of the same substance or activity or person. In a codependent relationship, as time passes, the codependent's identity becomes increasingly defined by the relationship with the other person. They start foregoing other activities in order to try to rescue or maintain the sobriety of the person with whom they're in a relationship, which takes a lot of time and a lot of energy. During this process, a lot of times the codependent's friends are going to see the problems before the codependent does, and they'll be like, this person's not going to change. You need to take care of yourself because you're getting worn down. You're getting sick. You're getting whatever. And the codependent's like, I got this. So eventually, the friends start backing off going, I want to help. I'm there for you, but I can't continue to support you basically injuring yourself. So then the person with codependency ends up with fewer friends, fewer supports that are healthy, but may also link up with other codependent people, and they kind of support one another in their dysfunction. When the person with codependency cannot fix the person with the substance issues, when they can't control them, the codependent experiences extreme anxiety or depression because that is who they are. If they can't control that, they don't have anything else to focus on, and being alone, being still, focusing on themself is just terrifying and excruciatingly painful in some cases. So this withdrawal from not being able to focus on the other person results in a lot of anxiety, fear of abandonment, a variety of things. Spending more time thinking about engaging in or recovering from the behavior. Codependents are always hyper-vigilant to other people's behavior and obsess about what they are or not doing. So the person with codependency is going to look for clues that their relationship is going south, that the other person is beginning to relapse, that the other person is struggling. They're hyper-vigilant. They need to focus their attention outside of themselves in order to not focus on all the stuff that they're avoiding dealing with, but they also need to focus on all those little clues to make sure they're not abandoned. And it's just this constant fear of being all alone and failing to live up to someone else's expectations. Codependents spend large amounts of time rescuing or covering up for the other person or fixing it. If Jim Bob doesn't go to work, the codependent may make an excuse to his boss that he was sick and couldn't come in today. Calling for him, even though Jim Bob's not even at home, she may not even know where Jim Bob is, but she calls in sick for him so he doesn't get in trouble at work. Codependents will bail people out of jail. Codependents will give their significant others a place to live. If we're talking about a parent, for example. You can come stay with me, get your act together. And the person with codependency really has the best intentions of supporting the addict. The addict, for whatever reason, may not be ready to recover or may not be able to recover with the tools they're being given. So we need to remember that. The addict's recovery is not about the codependent. The addict will not recover for mom. The addict will not recover for spouse. The addict will not even recover for children. The addict has to recover because they feel they deserve better. And in order to be a good spouse, a good parent, a good child, the addict needs to get their crap together for themselves first. So it's not about the codependent, but the codependent takes it personally. He's not changing for me. I've done everything. I've given up everything. I've blah, blah, blah. And he's still doing the same things. Why is he so miserable? I'm giving him everything. And again, we need to get into the mind of the addict and go, because it's not about any of that stuff. It's about what's going on in the addict's own head. The codependent gets exhausted taking care of the other person, but can't stop because they rely on the other person to tell them they're okay, they're worthwhile. They are good enough, smart enough, and gosh darn it, people like them. But the codependent often doesn't have the ego strength to say, I am Donnelly Snipes. The codependent will say, I am Haley's mom or I am so-and-so's employee. They don't identify themselves because they don't know who they are.  Codependency, as an addiction, the people forego other interests in order to maintain the relationship or the addiction. In codependency, the relationship is the drug of choice. When their significant other is doing well, they are doing great and they feel wonderful. They're walking on sunshine. When their significant other is not doing well, it rips the rug right out from under them because they can't control it, they fear abandonment, and they may be considering that they're choosing the addiction over me. Why? Why am I so unlovable that they're choosing this over me? For the codependent, having the significant other in their life makes them feel okay or whole. And one of the things I talk about in my book is making cookies, I love cookies. But when you make cookies, you can have sugar cookies and you can have chocolate, both wonderful on their own. You put them together, you make chocolate chip cookies. A third wonderful thing. But apart, they're both whole. In a codependent relationship, it's more like combining flour and eggs. You know, you can't use just flour or just eggs to make a dessert. No. But because it requires a whole bunch of other things and they have to go together in order to make something cohesive. The egg makes the flour cohesive, kind of like the codependent tries to hold the relationship together. We don't want a relationship where people have to depend exclusively on each other for existence. They can bolster each other. They can make something new and awesome, but they need to be able to be okay independently. The relationship takes the place of self-love because in most cases, the person with codependency doesn't love themself. They don't care about themself enough to put their needs above the needs of other people who may be struggling. And this is a really difficult concept for a lot of people in early recovery to kind of wrap their heads around because they're like, well, the person was hurting and I didn't want them to hurt. And my response back to them is, you saw yourself in them. You saw them hurting and it reminded you of how you've hurt and you wanted to fix them. You wanted to make it stop hurting because you can't stop your own hurt. And a lot of times understanding that they're seeing a reflection of themselves in the other person goes a long way to helping people understand their motivation. Like an addiction, the person with codependency continues the relationship despite negative consequences. Codependence are not just woohoo, let's walk on sunshine. This is a great relationship. It's all roses and wine and whatever. In a codependent relationship, there are more bad days than good. They struggle with depression, this sense of hopelessness and hopelessness because they can't fix or control the other person. They're terrified, there's a lot of anxiety that the person's going to leave. They get angry that the other person will not change for them and they may start resenting the other person for quote, taking advantage. So there's a lot of stuff that goes into that. When we talk about cognitive restructuring, then we start looking at identifying the things you can and cannot control to empower the person with codependency. We build self-esteem to help allay the fear of being alone. So it's not so uncomfortable to be by yourself. But it's also, we wanna help people develop other healthy relationships which codependents often don't know how to do. They don't know how to develop a relationship because they don't feel worthy. If you can't go into a room and say, hi, I am so-and-so and I'm awesome in a bag of chips, it's hard to meet people. So there's a lot of social skills, relationship skills and self-esteem work to be done. Then dealing with the anger and resentment. Remember that anxiety and anger are kind of the emotional correlates of the fight-or-flight response. And in the anxiety, the person is dreadfully afraid of being abandoned.  So we need to look at this and help people understand how the codependent relationship is really negatively impacting them. Yes, there are good days. Even for the person with clinical depression, there are good days. There are more bad days, but there are good days. And we don't wanna just romanticize the one good day out of the month and say, because a lot of times the codependent will say, well, last Tuesday, my significant other went to meetings and went to work and came home and had dinner with the family and yadda, yadda, yadda. And my response would be, okay, that was last Tuesday. That was eight days ago. What have happened in the intervening seven days? Oh, well. Um. Socially, the loss of healthy friends and or the replacement with other codependent friends who are also depressed, anxious, angry, and resentful. You see, we're kinda creating this storm around ourself.  There's a whole host of things that can go into the stress-related impact on the person's body. And occupationally, a codependent spends so much time figuring out how to rescue and taking time off to rescue their significant other that they often have poor performance at work. So let's look at some common characteristics between what we think of as our characteristic addicts and our characteristic codependents, which I'm making the argument again, that they are pretty much one in the same. It just manifests differently. The addict may be addicted to substances, gambling, sex. The codependent is addicted to a relationship. Both of them have low self-esteem. If you've worked with addicts or codependents, I don't think you're gonna say, no, my clients have great self-esteem. No, they don't. There's a sense of unworthiness. So working on that self-esteem, so they don't need other people to validate them. They can validate themselves and they can be okay saying, you know, this is who I am. Like it or hate it, that's your choice. Depression and anxiety, both groups of people really struggle with hopelessness, helplessness and fear. Some of our basic fears, denial, I'm not denial, that's grief. Fear of rejection, isolation, failure, the unknown and loss of control. When these are tapped into, we tend to have this guttural or primal fight or flight reaction. Now you don't necessarily have to act on that. You know, you can identify it and let the feeling pass. You do not have to act on every feeling, but it is important to recognize that this anxiety, you know, let's talk about failure, rejection and loss of control. If you're in a relationship with someone with a significant other who has an addiction and they relapse or they continue using, you're not in control of them. They're rejecting your offers to help or your efforts to help and you're failing to fix them, which in reality, they can only fix themselves. And yes, they may be rejecting your offers for help, but is it about you or is it about them? And most of the time it's about them. And failure, we need to look at how this relationship is constantly stoking the internal fears or our natural fears. And you know, podcasts and classes that I do on characteristics of people with addictions, we talk about their need to control things, their fear of abandonment, their lack of self-esteem, their sense of helplessness and hopelessness because they don't know how to cope with life on life's terms at this point in time for one reason or another. A lot of times they have some coping skills, they have some characteristics about themselves that they like, we need to build on those. Fear of abandonment, most people with addictions rely on others to tell them they're okay. They rely on others to validate them. They rely on others to tell them how they think. If they grew up in a household where there was an addict, they were taught to don't talk, don't trust, don't feel. And they've carried that into adulthood. So they don't know how to engage in a healthy relationship and they don't even know how to have a relationship with themselves because they've learned not to trust themselves and they've learned not to pay attention to their own feelings, let alone the feelings of others. They're just constantly hyper vigilant and trying to smooth things over, walking on eggshells. The relationship becomes the addict's primary focus in codependency, in addictions, it's whatever the addiction is. This becomes the addict's best friend. It's the one thing that doesn't abandon them. It's the one thing that can at least distract them if not numb the pain, which leads them to minimize, deny, blame, throw focus to protect this addiction. The person with codependency will minimize how bad the relationship is. They'll deny that the person has started using again or has started hitting them or whatever the case may be. And they may blame others for the significant other's failure. Well, if his boss wasn't such a jerk, then he wouldn't have to drink.  And then both addicts and codependents have stinking thinking. These cognitive distortions, all or none thinking, overgeneralization and personalization being three of the big ones. Overgeneralization is when you take one thing and you take it out of context. So it's not just the fact that you turned in a test in your math class and you failed.  That's overgeneralization. Personalization is when everything's personal. Somebody walks down the hall and they scowl and you take it as that I'm scowling at you and you take it to mean that you did something wrong. When in reality, they may have been lost in their own thoughts, not even have seen you. The look on their face had nothing to do with you. And, you know, the person with codependency or who personalizes things takes it personally and goes, oh, what did I do? It's not about you. And all or none, words like every time, always, never. Encourage your patients to and encourage yourself because I think everybody does this sometimes. Encourage yourself to identify exceptions. It's always rainy when I have a good hair day. Well, that's probably not true. You always disappoint me. That's probably not true. There are probably some exceptions. Maybe they're few and far between but there are probably some exceptions. So encourage people to get rid of this dichotomous thinking. Both types of people have difficulty identifying what they're feeling because they're overwhelmed by their feelings. What they're feeling, sometimes they grew up and they were taught not to pay attention to those feelings. So they can't even tell you how they're feeling anyway. Other times they can identify how they're feeling but it's so overwhelming.  We wanna help people start to identify how they react to dysphoric emotions and help them identify healthy ways to deal with it. Also helping them realize that they don't have to act on every feeling. You can feel guilty and you can let it go. You can feel angry and you can let it go. You know, a lot of times that fight or flight, that primitive fight or flight mechanism kicks in and we either get angry or anxious and it's over something that is not consequential. It's over something that we don't need to get angry or anxious about. So we need to learn how to just feel it, identify what caused us to have that trigger and then decide when it's worth our energy to do something but most of the time decide when it's not worth our energy and we can let it go. Attics and codependence lack empathy for the feelings and needs of others and you may be going, wait, wait, wait, wait. I thought you just said that codependence were attending to the significant others every need. Sort of. In reality, the codependent is struggling to survive and they are providing what they think the other person needs but they're not able to really understand why the other person is not reacting the way they're supposed to. My fallback is always, let's get into their head for a second. Why is it that doing what you want them to do may be not so rewarding and doing this may be more rewarding. Let's do a decisional balance exercise as if you are that significant other and figure out why they're still doing this stuff. Both types of people mask pain through anger, humor or isolation.  They'll make a joke out of it so everybody laughs it off or they'll just withdraw. None of these is really the healthiest way of addressing when something hurts them. Understanding what's causing the pain and figuring out how to fix it, part of recovery. It's also part of life because people, even people without DSM diagnoses and they exist, believe it or not. Not everybody can go through life without experiencing pain. People die. You have losses. You make mistakes. Things don't work out your way. People experience pain and disappointment. Learning how to identify the cause of that and deal with it in a healthy way is part of happy, healthy living as well as recovery. And both addicts and codependents tend to have a lot of aggression and resentment and negativity. That overgeneralization. They start to look at the world as a glass half empty. They always look for the bottom to fall out. They expect people to let them down. And when you expect these things, that's what you see. So helping people make a cognitive shift and try to identify some of the good stuff is a huge step in the recovery process for all of our clients. Addicts and codependents have difficulty making decisions. Why? Because they rely on somebody else to tell them. They don't know how they feel. They don't know what they think. They don't know what they want. They are going to feel, think or want, whatever you want them to feel, think or want. Think of a chameleon. So it's hard to make decisions. If you say, Jane, what movie do you wanna go to? I don't know what movie do you wanna go to? Because I want you to be happy. And if you're happy, then I'm happy. Mantra of the codependent. Addicts and codependents judge what they think, say, or do harshly and is never good enough. So I encourage my patients, regardless of their diagnosis, to take this negative stuff that they tell themselves, like I'm stupid, I'm useless, I'm worthless. And I say, would you say that to your kid? And if you wouldn't say it to your kid, what would you say instead? And that's what you need to tell yourself. They value others' approval of their thinking, feelings, and behavior over their own. So again, it's not what I think or feel that matters. It's what you think or feel, because I want everybody to be happy. I'm gonna have to smooth everything over. Some of this comes or can come from growing up in a household with addictions where the person learned that they would be rejected or there would be punishment if they didn't conform to what the person with the addiction wanted. They seek recognition and praise to overcome feeling less than. They go out and seek praise. They seek recognition from the significant other as well as from other people. The significant other needs to say, I can't live without you. Thank you so much, you're amazing.   Thank you very much. People with codependency and addictions have difficulty admitting a mistake because they overgeneralize and they take everything personally. So if I make a mistake, that means I am a mistake. Think about that for a second. If I make a mistake, I am a mistake because everything is about me and everything is overgeneralized. Therefore, they may appear, they may lie in order to appear being right or to look good because I can't let you know I made a mistake because then you might reject me and if you reject me, I have no idea what I'm gonna do. Helping people get past that. Are unable to identify or ask for what they want and need because they don't know. They haven't paid attention to their own wants and needs in so long, they have no clue. That's just a foreign concept. So start low and go slow. Don't expect people to be able to journal and have all kinds of feeling words in there. Start out with your basic feeling words. Happy, mad, sad, glad, and afraid. Have them identify, have clients identify one thing that made them feel each feeling in the past week so they can get used to starting to identify feelings. Then you can work into shades of those, enrage, resentful, guilty, those sorts of things. And both groups of people or people with addictions have trouble setting healthy boundaries and priorities because if it's all about making you happy, then I can't plan anything because I need to be able to turn on a dime and do what you need to do in order to prevent you from leaving me. People with healthy boundaries and priorities say, this is what I need to get done today. This is what I need to do. And in an emergency, I can probably help out but my needs and my wants and my health have to take priority because I'm no good to you if I am completely drained and exhausted and depressed. Switching over to codependency. This is more seen in people with codependency and addictions or codependency only. People with codependency want to believe that people are incapable of self-care. If I don't do it for him, he's not gonna be able to do it. So I need to help. I need to put my two cents in. So I'm gonna try to convince other people how to think and feel because if I convince them that I'm right and that they need my help, then they can't abandon me which leads to offering unsolicited advice and direction which may or may not be accepted. A lot of times it's going to be rejected which means the person with codependency will start feeling resentful. It's like, well, fine, you don't want my help? See how you do without me. Kinda turning on a dime. You know, you're feeling a little bit of the borderline influence here. The person with codependency may lavish gifts, favors, and attention on those that they need to influence. So if providing basic needs doesn't help, then they may up their game a little bit because they're trying to avoid abandonment at all costs because loss of that person means loss of self. Codependence will often use blame and shame to control. You know, I've done all this for you and this is what you give me. Adopt an attitude of indifference, helplessness, authority, or rage to manipulate outcomes. The codependent is a very, very skilled manipulator. So it's important to understand what these outbursts or what these fluctuations in emotion mean to that person and what the benefit is to them. What's the benefit to you when you go through one of these episodes where you act completely helpless and you require the other person to take care of you? What's the benefit when you get all angry and rageful and you require the other person to submit to you? Codependence will use recovery jargon in an attempt to control the behavior of the other person. Well, I see those relapse warning signs coming out and talking about triggers and all kinds of other stuff. They'll use big words, maybe not even knowing what they mean in order to try to make the significant other think that they are more in control of the recovery. Codependence may pretend to agree with others to get what they want. That's true with addicts too. So what do we do about it? Identify benefits and drawbacks to the relationship and the benefits and drawbacks to being single. A decisional balance exercises, tip 35 from SAMHSA, you can download it or you can Google decisional balance exercises. They're real common on the internet to find worksheets. It is important to understand the benefits and drawbacks to both because you can't tip that decisional balance scale without addressing all four quadrants. Codependency, like other addictions, is used to escape, distract or avoid pain. So this person is in this relationship, the benefits of this relationship are providing the person with a sense of self-esteem. They are providing the person with a sense of security, that it's distracting the person from their own intracyclic pain. There's a whole list of reasons or rewards or benefits to this person staying in a dysfunctional relationship. So you need to figure out how to counter those with something more rewarding. Begin self-esteem work. There are just oodles and oodles of self-esteem books out there. I really like the ones from New Harbinger by McKay, but you can go online to, I think it's therapy tools, and there are free worksheets online to help people work on self-esteem. Self-esteem is all about who you think you should be compared with who you think you are and figuring out how you feel about the difference and working on the things that you feel like you don't have developed well enough yet. Until the person, the codependent, can provide self-validation, all relationships can potentially become codependent. So thinking about the past week, what are three times where you may have or your clients may have engaged in codependent behavior? What did they do? And how effective was it for them in the short-term? In the short-term, it was probably pretty effective. What about in the long-term, though, a week later, two weeks later? If you would have had this new information, what might you have done differently to help your client or help yourself handle the situation differently so it had a better longer-term outcome? And how can you start integrating some of the knowledge about codependency into your daily recovery routine and your therapy toolbox, if you will? Codependents generally get in relationships with addicts or others who need to be rescued. This need to rescue or be indispensable often stems from not feeling good enough, having low self-esteem and needing other people to tell you you're okay. Because if they don't, you fear abandonment. The person with codependency doesn't feel like they are lovable for who they are. The codependent derives his or her goodness from the success or failure of the other person and the relationship. So if the significant other relapses, the codependent takes it very personally. If the significant other is doing well in recovery, the codependent takes it very personally. And in reality, most of it has to do with the significant other, not the codependent. But that personalization, everything is about them. Recovery involves developing a sense of self-worth, addressing the issues that are causing depression and anxiety such as grief over prior lost relationships. This can lead you into a dysfunctional relationship holding on past when it should have been let go because you're afraid of losing it again. A sense of helplessness to change another person. Maybe when you were growing up in a household, the one of your parents was addicted, was in and out of jail or died from an overdose. That can have long lasting consequences. So we need to look at where this need to change or control the other person came from. And then address these underlying fears and your typical cognitive behavioral ABC worksheet does a great job of it. Addressing these fears of rejection, isolation, failure, loss of control and the unknown. It's gonna happen. So how do you deal with it? When you face something that's unknown, how do you feel? How do you de-escalate yourself? And what are things you can do to cope with it? Learn about creating a network of healthy relationships with self and others. And self is important. And yeah, it's not really a network when you're forming a relationship with yourself. But in order to form a healthy relationship with others, you have to know what you want, what you like, what you think, what you feel and how to set healthy boundaries. It's only then can you start interfacing with other people and bringing something to the table. You also need to learn how to accept multiple perspectives. And the person with codependency has difficulty getting outside of their own head. They see why people should behave a certain way because that's how they think. That's their perspective. So it's important to work with clients or work with yourself to get into the head space of the other person and go, okay, they didn't react the way I thought. Gee, I wonder why? So let me look at it from their perspective and see if I can understand it any better. This is just a cursory, a really high level overview of the whole issue of codependency. And in the coming weeks, we'll do some more podcasts and classes about codependency and working with people with codependency issues. But hopefully this will give you a sense of kind of what you're dealing with and some places that you might start either in your own recovery or working with clients.


Welcome to the ID TechEx Show, here in Berlin. This event is all about showcasing a range of emerging technologies and how they're addressing change and big opportunities at a number of different industries. To make sense, over the coming two days, we have a range of end users who will be talking about a different range of case studies and their challenges within the industries they're in. And then you'll be hearing from many different solution providers all the way from those making components to those making materials to learn about the new capabilities a sut mae o'r ddweud o'r problemau. Rwy'n meddwl gweithio gweithio'r sioedd yw ar y graf. Rwy'n meddwl gweithio'r ymddangos xeithlion, mae'n dweud yn dweud o gweithio ynghylch. Dyna gweithio'r ymddangos ymddangos, ac mae'n meddwl gweithio'r ymddangos 3,000 o'u gweithio'r ysgrifennu yn ddwych i 58 o wneud. Rydyn ni'n ei wneud i'r leisagol, a i'r lleol i'r lleol i'r lleol i'r leisagol, ac mae'n gweithio i ddweud o'r busnes. Yn mynd i gael, mae'n gwneud o'r gwahanol ganddoedd sy'n gweithio cyffredinol o'r parnau o'r cyfnod. Felly, rwy'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio ar adeilau tech-ex. Felly, yna'r host ymlaen i'r ffent, Felly, fel rhan o bwysig o'r unions cyffredinol, mae'n rhoi'n digwydd y ddweud yr aelod o'r ddweud granDid ac mae'n rhoi'n gwneud o'r ddweud canfodau��ig lleol supported ac mae'n gwneud o'r ddweud panfodol cyffredinol ac mae'n gwneud o'r ddweud cael cael ei wneud bod yma hefyd o fynd i ymwlyn, Here on the right. They include the new form factors of electronics which are coming through such as flexible, stretchable and also structural electronics. We also have the increasing ubiquity of electronics which is another key trend. Then there's huge change occurring within industry so sectors like retail, healthcare and mobility will be heavily covered at the show. Many of the different changes are being enabled through better and more functional materials and manufacturing innovations which will also be covered at this event. What I want to do now over the next 25 minutes or so is just to walk you through these four areas in particular and really what you're appetite to give you ideas to what will be coming over the next few days to give you some idea of the key trends that we see. I'm going to start off first by looking at the new form factors of electronics which are coming through. So the first key area and main trend we see with new form factors which are going to market is the progress with flexible electronics and nowhere is that more prevalent right now than in the commercialisation of flexible and foldable OLED displays. This has been a long time coming but it's potentially a saviour to a consumer electronic tablet and phone market which is seeing saturation and in many cases decline as well. This gives more than incremental improvement to the product. It's a step change improvement allowing organisations to still market share who can move quickly with a good product and also to capture more margin versus what they've been losing over the last few years. In the centre here you can see our data about the growth of the OLED display industry. In 2022 we think that 23 million foldable OLED display units will be sold rising to 300 million units in 2029 representing a $20 billion value and the progression has been from OLED displays on glass to rigid plastic and now to fully foldable displays. But it's not all just about reinventing products. Flexible electronics is also enabling completely new market categories. We see a range of different flexible components which we covered at the show from batteries to sensors and in the case of the example of the sensor showing him the top right this is a printed flexible organic photo detector strip which is being used for warehouse management control and here we have examples of companies who aren't just trying to replace conventional components but they're pioneering new markets so moving beyond being a component provider all the way through the value chain to be a complete solution provider and you'll be seeing many organisations at the event who are doing just that creating new markets rather than replacing anything. Flexible electronics is one innovation in form factors but another that we'll be addressing at this event is the rise of stretchable electronics and here we see the first commercial examples in the form of stretchable electrodes and stretchable sensors which are now in the marketplace. These are being used for very different applications but one in particular which we'll look at at this event is the e-textile market which in 2019 is worth over $200 million. It's being used in everything from sportswear to monitor things like heart rate to hospital bed sheets to monitor pressure and therefore prevent body soles from occurring if people are not moved frequently enough. The value of stretchable electronics components according to research that we have done at AliTechX in 2028 will be over $400 million but that's just the value of the components. The value of the markets is creating will be much bigger so the value of the e-textile industry for example in the same time frame will be $2 billion or just over $2 billion in that year. And then we have structural electronics. Now at AliTechX we have very strong advocates of structural electronics and have been so for a number of years and that's because we think it will create completely new markets from nothing today. There's many different technologies which are enabling and feeding into structural electronics and they have benefits such as light weighting, space saving and providing design versatility in 3D. Now this event will be going through the full range of structural electronics components and enabling technologies and on this slide here I just show a few examples as to how structural electronics is now beginning to get traction in the marketplace and how it's being used in different areas. On one hand we have in-model electronics. This incorporates printed electronics printing onto a flat sheet then thermoforming and then injection moulding to create 3D shapes and here we can do away with a high number of parts which need to be integrated to just one piece and that's something that those in the automotive industry are very much looking forward to progressing to. It also means much more durable parts and the ability to get to market more quickly with different designs, being able to customise it more easily with printing as opposed to having to assemble many different components. So we see the market size in model electronics therefore rising to over $1 billion 10 years from now. Then in the centre in a completely different example we have structural PV and this is causing radical change in areas of mobility. For example we have in development and now in pilot stages autonomous robotic weeders with solar on their skin and so they never need to be plugged in provided it's sunny enough they just trunnel up and down the fields doing their job. That technology is now also progressing to small vehicles. It's also appearing on boats and also electric aircraft and it's really a step forward to minimising the battery size we need and even eventually doing away with batteries altogether by generating energy from the body work itself. Just one angle of that is the move to energy independent electric vehicles and as you can see from our data at the bottom here that's growing to a multi-billion dollar market over 10 years too and the reason why I'm showing this data is to really highlight that huge new billion dollar markets will be created from nothing which is why we think it's such an exciting opportunity and one we cover at this event. There's also much more going on including this concept of massless energy so that is combining say for example structural PV with energy storage such as super capacitors and both of these of course generate energy they store energy but in addition to that they are load bearing as well so now the structure becomes a functional part. Here we see many improvements including on the right here examples of significant light weighting as a result. So we've looked at some of the trends and form factors which we cover at this show. I'm now going to move on to the increasing ubiquity of electronics and of course driving much of that is the rise of IOT and in this chart here we have plotted the main application sectors for IOT comparing them versus their level of interest versus how many years there will be truly mainstream and really hit critical mass. As you can see there's a very diverse range of applications coming to market at different rates. Leading the commercialization are government based projects and here government seeks efficiency and safety they're trying to manage more and more people living in cities and therefore there's a lot of mandates or investments that they're doing around smart meters monitoring utilities the grid and parking and so on. Not far behind that we have consumer IOT which is really a completely different application area and here this includes the rise of smart appliances from light bulbs to thermostats and much more which is gaining good traction now and getting more and more popular including the systems becoming much more integrated so a single hub via voice control can control these different sorts of systems. Here the race is on by the biggest in consumer electronics to really own the smart home platform so everything is compatible with their platform and we'll see how that shakes out over the coming years. And then finally if we look at the application of IOT within industrial applications you can see the orange dots here are much more spread out and that's mainly because these organizations are seeking very specific paybacks. They require good return on investment and they're getting a good return investment. In applications such as predictive maintenance we're seeing organizations getting their money back on the whole implementation of IOT within about 12 months. Another key driving area is logistics where we see a range of low power wide area networks which are used to monitor and track assets including providing sensor feedback. So talking of sensors we also have an event for a full two-day track at the show looking at the innovations in sensor technologies and I've already discussed how sensors are changing form factor they're becoming flexible but here are a few other key trends that will be covering within the sensor portion of the show. The first main trend is that we see sensors getting much smaller and lower power which means they can be put into more places so a great example of that is the change that we see in the gas sensor market. The gas sensors traditionally quite large, bulky and quite expensive and now getting much smaller, much cheaper which means that they can be fit into more places. The holy grail of that being say the cell phone which would be a billion plus units and that's going to create a market for gas sensors 10 years from now to be over three billion dollars just for the value of the gas sensor component itself. Then because we have sensors getting smaller and thinner as well it also means there's increasing level of integration with other devices. So we look at the display business where many display makers have seen margins erode over a period of time. They used to buy in the separate touchscreen and put this on top of the display but now they're integrating this into the display and beyond that we now have consumer electronics devices on the market which also integrate biometric sensors so fingerprint standards into the display as well so the display maker is now capturing much more value and margin. Moving on to the right we also then have the trends of sensor fusion and digitalisation. What I mean by sensor fusion is that while a single sensor will sense one parameter for a number of applications increasingly we see a need for multiple sensors to provide the complete system. So good examples of that would be autonomous driving where we need to sense short range, long range and even status of people within the vehicle. Another very different example which is getting a lot of momentum at the moment is the move to till free supermarkets. Till free supermarkets is not a new concept, it came up with 20 years ago but there's actually a lot happening now and I think over the next five years we're going to see much more progress. It's partly being enabled by machine vision so image sensors which have been developed for cell phones which are really good, they're really cheap and they're now being applied so they can identify things in stores in conjunction with other types of sensors including things like RFID and sensors in your phone. So now in Japan and China there's several stores which are till free, trialling all of these sensors in the sort of sensor fusion environment. Amazon have four stores where they've also eradicated tills and they're being driven for different purposes. For example in Japan just to give you an idea as to the targets they've set, one of the Japanese ministries there have said that by 2025 they want to tag all retail items that will be 100 billion units a year and they've announced that in conjunction with the leading retailers in Japan. One of the drivers for them is that they're in a position where they have an ageing population, not enough young people coming in to look after them and do other jobs and they don't want these people stuck behind tills doing fairly menial tasks. So we're going to see a lot of automation thanks to things like sensor fusion in supermarkets but all the way through to cars as well. And then finally we see increasing intelligence at the edge when it comes to sensors. With more and more sensors being deployed there's much more data being generated and that means a strain on wireless communications and so in some cases, not in every application but in some cases we're seeing some more added intelligence so that's opportunities for things like micro processes and so on, being added to the sensor node so that it can do some level of processing and therefore only send up exception level events or particular reports. So this progression with sensors, with connectivity, with new form factor of electronics all feeds in very nicely to wearable technology which is another stream at this event. As you can see the wearable technology market has grown significantly over the last 10 years or so. In 2010 it was just under $20 billion and by 2018 just under $50 billion and there's many different application areas within that which have grown. A strong growth has come from smart watches. Fitness track is less so. They have seen a lot of growth in 2015 but that's now been subsumed to some extent by smart watches. We see strong growth in AR and VR skin patches and so on. In many of these cases some of these application areas have been utilising improvements in sensors and other components which have been made for cell phones that have now transitioned those same components to different applications such as smart watches. But some of the new technologies which we'll be looking at including flexible and stretchable electronics are also creating completely new product areas or improving products such as smart skin patches. There's still of course a huge amount to be done here and we'll be covering that at the event as well such as power for VR and AR systems making this small light weight but lot to last long enough of device and we'll be covering some of those challenges as well as the opportunity at the show. So moving on now to looking at change that's occurring within a few industries. I only have time here to look at a few so I'm going to look specifically at healthcare first and later on mobility. There will be many more industries represented at this event which will go into much more detail about their particular sector. But looking at some of the trends in healthcare, two main trends that we see that we'll be covering in particular is the move from having a delay in getting diagnostics. So for example people provide a sample, it gets sent off to a lab and then a few weeks later they get the results back to bringing that to wherever the patient is and providing that diagnostics at the point of care. So providing it in a much faster way. This is being enabled in part by biosensors and that will grow to a $43 billion market 10 years from now. Huge opportunity, quite a high barrier of entry because of course healthcare is a regulated process but for those that can see that through we expect that they will see strong wealth and profit going forward. Another key trend we see is tackling the challenge of some of the existing diagnostic systems which tend to give very accurate readings but traditionally they've been quite unpleasant or cumbersome to you. So a good example of that is a glucose test strip where people have to draw blood and it's not a particularly pleasant thing to do and therefore when you're taking these readings you may not be taking them as often as you should and you may think that your level is fine when you take them but you might be missing all the points where it's not fine. So there have been some approaches to overcome that and have more continuous monitoring. One approach to monitor for example regular heart patterns is to use the system on the right here known as the Holt system and here you have multiple electrodes with wires into a handbag of electronics which monitors your heart rate continuously. The problem is it's so cumbersome you only tend to wear it for a few hours maximum about 12 hours and you're not going around your normal routine because you're tethered and therefore you're not triggering the issues you may be experiencing. So to overcome that one of the key trends we see in healthcare is a shift away from these uncomfortable but will be a very accurate test to a greater level of user comfort and continuous monitoring to capture many more data points. So we see that with the revenue for example of diabetic test strips declining meanwhile the revenue of continuous glucose monitoring skin patches greatly increasing and similarly that Holt system I mentioned earlier is now being replaced by patches which can last for 30 days and provide a continuous stream of data. In some cases they're not as accurate because they don't have many electrodes for example in the case of continuous glucose monitoring they don't directly interface with the blood however because they're continuously pulling data you can see the relative changes and what is causing those changes based on a lifestyle. We think this is a particularly large market opportunity one which is six billion dollars this year growing to ten billion dollars in 2022. So that's healthcare I'm now going to move to a completely different industry where there's a huge amount of change and that is the electric vehicle sector and if we look at the automotive industry you know for many years the leaders in automotive internal combustion engines or ICs have been at the top of this ivory tower you know the supply chain hasn't changed very much and they've really dominated a very large industry but all of that is now radically changing and on the left here we see a number of trends which are recent highlights as to why that's all changing. Firstly we've seen that now or just around now we expect a peak in cells of internal combustion engine vehicles. We've seen that last year in many different territories cells internal combustion engine vehicles have flatlined or even declined. Meanwhile cells of electric vehicles continue to grow strongly. Indeed last year Tesla 3 was the best selling luxury car in the US beating internal combustion engine vehicles in its category and that lead has continued through to the first quarter of this year. Then in addition to that there's another radical change coming in and that's from China. Audi TechX maintains a list of the leading sales of EV companies around the world and we see that of the top 15 who sell electric vehicle 7 are Chinese companies and the trend over the last few years is that they're moving up the list whereas many of the other organisations are moving down. In fact last year the largest number of electric vehicle sold was in China with over one million sold. That will slow down this year we still expect it to grow but growth may slow because some of the subsidies are being reduced in China. What that means is that many of these car companies are looking now to export the electric vehicles more and more and on top of that 10 years out from now we also expect to see a peak car scenarios. That means a total sales of cars whether they're internal combustion engine or electric will peak because we see greater autonomy in vehicles and therefore people calling cars on demand and not having to buy their own vehicle. So that means that we're seeing a lot of radical change in industry and recently a study showed that the top 29 incumbent auto makers are investing 300 billion dollars to move into EV of which in some cases they're lagging behind some of the other leaders. That's a huge investment they're making but of course it's a huge industry to go for. It's an industry worth some $2 trillion 10 years for now. For everyone in the room there's plenty of opportunities whether it's materials the thermal heat management through to light weighting and of course the components in the vehicle itself. So what are the escape routes for those companies? Well here you see data from money tech hacks about the market size for electric vehicles all types of electric vehicles going forward over the next 20 years and we maintain a list of over 60 types of electric vehicles and we track sales of those and also forecast those but you can see that moving forward 10 years electric cars will dominate but thereafter that will be overtaken by electric buses and taxis and we're going to see big new EV markets being created from nowhere such as the robotic taxis and bus shuttles which many automotive companies that we've spoken to agree with and many of them are working on those platforms. It's a huge amount of change but also a lot of new opportunities coming up for new mobility options. In terms of the components going to these vehicles of course energy storage is a critical part. At this event we look at energy storage whether it's new form factors such as flexible batteries all the way through to batteries and supercapacitors going into EVs and we see that many more gigafactories are being installed around the world but by 2028 the high majority so over 90% of the batteries being produced will be going into electric vehicles. Automotive companies here are taking very different approaches some are very vertical they are making their own battery others are looking just to get good access to the materials buying up 15 years of supply of cobalt so they can make sure that they don't run out. The trends whether it's consumer electronics or electric vehicles is to move to faster safer and more energy dense batteries but all those three things are at odds with each other and we've seen organisations move too quickly to make changes not thoroughly test them and that results in fires and bad PR and recalls and so we'll see improvements in batteries but they have to be measured and that they have to be thoroughly tested. This rise of batteries also gives another challenge which is what we do with them when they're all expired and in 2029 we expect about three million batteries to become available or expired from electric cars and a lot of these will still have a reasonable amount of capacities there's now a business opportunity opening up to reuse these in second life applications such as for stationary storage in residential grid and EV charging systems. So we've spoken quite a bit about different components and trends and industries I'm now going to finish off by looking at a few key trends and materials and manufacturing innovations. Graphene is one of the materials we look at at this event of course we'll be looking at many other materials across all the other sectors as well but if we look at the progress of graphene we see that as of this year it's marked a few tens of millions of dollars but one thing we've noticed over the last six months or so is that it's now really beginning to transition. Transition away from selling small quantities for test samples to being used by a number of brands for different applications where it adds true value. This is being driven in part by the lowering of prices the material has now come down substantially there's a lot of manufacturing capability in place particularly in China but we see organisations such as Ford and Huawei using this to thermal heat management Ford in the case of vehicles Huawei in the form of consumer electronics and for its strength to weight ratio we see it being used for some mechanical properties and things like pipes and anti-corrosion paint in wind turbines. So it's really beginning to reach a turning point and we expect that from about 2021 onwards we expect to see strong growth as the use and value of graphene is validated in these areas a creative market of a few hundred million dollars in 2028 which is the value of the material itself and it's going to enable much larger markets if we look at the value of the final sector. Then moving on to manufacturing innovations at this event we look at 3D printing as one of the streams and that's a market of 10 billion dollars this year rising to three times that 10 years out from now. We cover the full range of 3D printing and while there's been a lot of publicity around desktop 3D printers sort of sub five thousand dollar printers they've been helpful to get a lot of publicity but most of the value is in industrial 3D printing which is only 8% of the number of 3D printers sold by unit number this year but it's 90% of the revenue and like many other printing industries it's one which is very much a material business. So moving forward you can see in 2029 that the majority of the value of that 31 billion dollar industry 10 years from now will be in materials and of materials we see particularly strong traction with metal 3D printing. And then last but not least we come to the printing of electronics so printed electronics of course is another focus of this event it's applicable to many of the things I've already discussed from flexible electronics to some of the structural components and so on but in particular what you'll be seeing at this event are a range of companies who are talking about many new successes using printing of electronics and other materials to create electronics and electrical components. In some cases they're doing radical and very ambitious things but we now have in the marketplace printed OLED displays from J OLED in Japan and their aim is to scale these up and then license that know-how out to other display makers. Meanwhile with other organisations we've been looking to leap frog OLEDs and moved ultimately to emissive quantum dot displays and Samsung have set up a fab now a pilot fab whereby they're doing a hybrid OLED and quantum dot display where they are inkjet printing the quantum dot materials. On the other side in the middle here we have organisations who are using printing to improve something such as reduce cost or improve performance and a really good example which we'll be hearing about more at the event in a case study is the use of inkjet printing for printing solder mask. This saves on a number of steps it also allows the organisations to save material they just apply material where they need it and they can get PCBs out much more quickly because they can customise them and change design faster using inkjet printing. And then there are organisations who are creating completely new markets with print electronics whether it's smart blister packs moving into things like smart packaging for retail or a whole range of other smart labels and these are organisations that are moving beyond that component play which I mentioned at the start and really pioneering new markets by creating completely new solutions which don't yet exist because they're the first people to do so and you'll be hearing from many organisations we'll be talking about some of the projects they're working on. So as you can see there's a tremendous amount that's going to be shared and talked about at this event and they're just some of the key highlights that we'll be focusing on. We have over 250 speakers and a huge number of attendees and if you haven't done so already I recommend you use our matchmaking app which is Brella. If you just go to your app store you can download that just search for the Brella app and this allows you to have a matchmaking service so you enter in a few details about what you do and what you're looking for and recommend other people you should meet. That's been very successful when we used it last year and already today we have several hundred one-to-one meetings set up. We also have a record number of exhibitors this year we've seen double digit growth for the numbers of exhibitors with 211 coming from 27 countries and in particular I'd very much like to thank our gold sponsors and also our silver sponsors. And then just so you can get your bearings this is the exhibit floor plan. There's a huge amount going on. We have a trade show theatre which will feature another 24 speakers mainly exhibitors talking about some of their products but also some really interesting forums as well including Women in Stem and a China forum. In addition to all the way on the right here the ID TechEx launch pad where 20 startups will be showcasing new concepts or new products many of them showing it here at this event for the very first time.  ID TechEx provides a huge amount of data on all of these different topic areas and one way we provide that is through a subscription service so I recommend that you come by our booth which is M15 and we will show you a demo of that which will really help you to envisage how we deliver all that data and all that content ultimately aiming to save you time by understanding these different complex technologies and markets and therefore allowing you to make better decisions as you move forward into these different innovative areas and seek to grow your business. So come by and we'll gladly show you a demo of that and tell you a bit more about the company. So thank you very much for coming. If you have any questions throughout the event please don't hesitate to go to the registration booth or to the ID TechEx booth and we'll help you and allow light to introduce the coming line up this morning. So we have two further Cornerstone presentations following that the format will be is that the trade show will then open and then after the trade show we'll be coming back into eight separate rooms one for each of the topics and you'll be hearing the keynote presenters from each of those different topic areas and then we go into the full agenda.


African drums are talking. The throbbing drums beat out their rhythmic music as the jungle seizes and bristles with unseen life. Juju is abroad tonight, and the listener knows that out in the Juju grove there will be grisly rituals taking place. And by morning, there will be one less native in the land. But listen, the booming of the drums brings you a story. The story of Africa. Seeking in Africa for a lost people, Professor Anton Edwards and his party follow the directions of a talking mummified head, a head that speaks a language he's been studying with another man for years. But the directions the talking head gave them led them into difficulties, and the professor became a little suspicious. On climbing a circular range of mountains, they find themselves on the edge of an extinct volcanic crater. An earthquake starts them sliding into the crater. Reaching the bottom, they discover the place to be inhabited by a medieval people who are ruled by the priests in cruelty and fear. Unfortunately, the professor's party killed two sacred apes, and the priests have vowed to put them to death for the sacrilege. But the queen of the people in a secret interview begs the professor to rest her country from the power of the priests. The professor's party now is awaiting the summons to appear before the high priest in the Hall of the Temple of the Rock. When the talking head delivers a message, what's the head saying, sir? Nothing very important, Jack, except that it confirms an opinion I've had ever since we were taken prisoners on that hill.  Yes, perhaps I did. Let's get together on this, Jack. The priests have decided to sacrifice us for the sacred rock contraption of theirs. Apparently, from what the queen says, it's worked from a big cross that stands on the altar. How do you know that, Father? She said immediately the high priest turned the cross to face the victim. The two sides of the rock closed and crushed the poor creature to death. That means the cross is the lever that controls the awful device. Well, that's clear enough. It must be worked with a very powerful spring. They doubt if they know anything about spring, Jack. But the rock once closed is never opened in front of the people. Now, if we can get that rock to close before we're in it, they'll have to put off the sacrifice and give us time to think up another one. But how can you do that? The cross that controls it will be heavily guarded. This cross is evidently a relic of old crusader days. If so, it's undoubtedly made of solid iron. A well-placed rifle bullet at the extreme end of one of the arms would soon turn it and spring the trap. Say, that's perfect, sir. But you'll have to be careful. The head doesn't write spot. It may swing only one way. Yes. Yes, I thought of that. But I think we can overcome it with our field glasses. Oh, you mean there'll be a part of the altar cut away for it to swing? Yes. I doubt if the priest allowed the people to get near enough to see how it works. But glasses will offset that. That's fine, sir. But what if they decide to get rid of us some other way? Then, as I said before, back to the wall and let them have it. Heaven is getting dark already. There seems to be no twilight in this place at all. They'll be here for us soon. I hope they don't try to take the guns away from us. They'll be cooked properly if they do. They won't. They don't understand the use of them. And I don't think they'll take one guru's spear. The guards are probably all wearing armor and feel perfectly safe. How about light, father? You'll need plenty of light to make that shot. There'll have some sort of oil lamps and tallow candles in there. But if there's not sufficient light, Jack, throw the flashlight directly on the cross. Well, I'll make them sit up and take notice without anything else. Well, let's sit down and wait. We may have some quick thinking to do shortly. Oh, heaven, that awful head seems to want to talk at the most inopportune moment. What did it say, sir? I didn't quite catch it. Wait a minute. Let me speak again. King of Bout revenge. Yeah, just what I thought. Revenge. I should have realized it before, but... Then... Father, look. Don't be frightened, Lana. So much. They've come for us. Let's get it over with. You youngsters, follow me. Lana first and then Guru will bring up the rear. Come on. And whatever you do, don't let go of your rivals. For now. Well, Guru? Guru, snake woman, lead wave. Lana, you old fighter, do as I say. You guard the rear. Wait for my word. Aye, Buona. Oh, what a beautiful place. Gives me the shivers, though. I don't wonder. They evidently mean us to stand here. Hmm? Jack, there's the rock. Great heaven, sir. What a murderous-looking thing. Oh, look at those horrible marks inside the caves. Don't look at them, Lana. Keep your mind on what we have to do. Try and think how many people are here. At least 70,000, Jack.   Shall I put the glasses on it? There's plenty of light. See what you can see. The priest haven't come in yet. Will the queen be here, father? I'm not supposed to know that in a queen. She probably sits on that carved stone chair. Hmm? This place is packed with priceless antiques. I found it, sir. That right arm moves away from us. And the left comes this way. A part of the rock in which it is cut away to the left. That shows it swings this way. That's fine, Jack. There's a light coming out of the tunnel. Look! Doesn't she look lovely? Those fellows in armor walking with her must be our friends. Look. There come the priests. That's the high priest, the one with the long beard.  Dirty rabbit. What is it? The high priest taking his place on the floor in front of the queen. This is where the argument starts. Can you hear what he's saying? No, but I can tell by his gestures what he's saying. He's pointing an accusing finger at us. He's come to the part where our little medicine killed the sacred apes. Good Lord, the people must be with him.  The queen's interrupting him. There's the good foolish woman. I wish you'd let him go ahead and start his game. Look. He's standing back. Put the vote to the people. Listen. That's done, sir. The queen's looking around anxiously at us, Father. When are you going to do something? Sending of time, Lorna. Wait until the old bird starts his miracles and I'll go him one better the dirty hound. I'll make him wish that rock was any place but here. Have you changed your plan, sir? No. I'll close the rock all right. He's going towards the rock. Yes, that's a part of the ceremony. He goes there to show the people that the rock won't close on a priest. Only on its chosen victims. In a moment he'll wish he'd never been born the murdering devil. What are you going to do?   You can't shoot now, sir.  Watch. Your father had the event to save us from the same fate. He was quite right. When's Father going? Listen. He's going to talk to them. The guards are afraid to touch him. And by these who call themselves priests, they are cast in one mold and measured with one rule. They say and do not, but that which increases their power. Is Father safe out there, Jack? He's only gotten Gura with him. Those guards might start something any minute. Look, they're standing back to back. Keep your rifle ready, Lana. We may have to shoot quickly. He's thinking of my sons and daughters. It's part of that which I have spoken. I'm gone, will they just stand up? The spear went right through his throat. This is the room we came from. Hurry. You go on, sir. Barnard and I will cover you. Careful, that crowd looks rough. Oh, here's the queen coming. Shall we let those guards of hers in with it? I guess so. Come on, they'll follow us. Everybody else seems to be going the other way. Oh, you know, Jack, I believe I'm going to faint.  I'll disown you. Here we are. Aye, Barnard, you stuck it out well. Come, sit down, child. The queen's coming this way, sir. Good. She'll probably know what's likely to happen next. Those priests look agree to me. So the snake woman had her kiss after all in Gura, eh? Aye, Buona. Smell them more blood soon. Here's the queen, sir. Oh, great man. Now have kept thy word. But in truth upon the morrow shall we have war. The priests are fleeing into the hills, taking many followers, yet are many faithful to me. What is the number of thy followers? They number 30,000, and they clamor for thee to lead them in battle against the hosts of the priests. For so reads the prophecy. Rivers of blood shall run, air happiness settles upon the land. Are thou ready, great fighter? Aye, noble woman. I am ready.


At least 20 people have died in western Venezuela following intense rains that have caused mudslides and rivers to overflow. Seventeen other people remain missing by Wednesday as rescue workers search to wreckage. The floods have also destroyed more than 1,200 houses and infrastructure and authorities are working to restore telephone service in some areas. In all, more than 50,000 people are estimated to have been affected. Don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


This is the Late Round Podcast with your host, J.J. Zachariza. By James White. So it's really tough to find a more consistent PPR running back than James White, at least outside the elite players. On the season, he's finished no worse than RB23 in weekly PPR scoring, but he's been no better than RB14. It's nice to have that week in and week out floor. He's been a great flex option. But what's interesting about his profile is that he also hasn't found the end zone that much. He's only scored once. In other words, he's maintaining this fantasy production without getting that boost from scoring. But he should have more touchdowns. He currently has 358 receiving yards and 66 rushing yards. Since we know that touchdowns correlate pretty well with yards, over the last five years, a running back with those totals has scored on average 2.2 touchdowns. So White's underperforming in the touchdown column when you look at regression from a yards to touchdowns conversion standpoint. Now, if you dig deeper, he definitely should have more touchdowns. Entering last week, James White led the entire NFL in red zone targets. Now, after week eight, he's second in the league, I guess third in the league, behind Julian Edelman and Mike Evans. And he also has four targets within the opponent's 10 yard line. We know he's not going to be the goal line back for New England. He only has one goal line rush this year. But these red zone looks in how James White is being used there, there should be better results. And keep in mind, this is all happening while the Patriots have just been steamrolling teams. They've had crazy positive game scripts. I just talked about how their schedule is going to be tougher. If that happens, if there are more neutral game scripts, maybe we see even more James White usage because he's the primary pass catching back. I mean, what happens if New England actually trails in a contest? Now, Rex Burkhead is somewhat of a threat, but we also know that injuries to that backfield can also help boost James White's value. We saw that last season. So I actually think that James White is one of the best lower key trade targets this week in PPR formats.


It is an honour and a privilege to be announced as a 2023 Brain Foundation Grant Recipient. This grant will be used to identify better ways to diagnose autoimmune encephalitis, a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, and predict long-term patient outcomes. Using samples and patient data collected as part of the Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium, this study will examine protein and clinical biomarkers in patients with autoimmune encephalitis to create a tool to help inform doctors to make the best treatment decisions and improve long-term outcomes for people living with autoimmune encephalitis. Thank you to the Brain Foundation for their generous support and all our collaborators and the patients and their families who have contributed to this research.


The Signal Oil Program. The Signal Oil Company and your neighborhood signal dealer bring you another curious story by the Whistler. Tonight, the tale of a man who betrayed his country for money. The story of how death carries a lunch kit. I am the Whistler and I know many things for I walked by night. Secrets from the hearts of men and women who stepped into the shadows. Presently, I'll tell you of nameless terrors they dare not speak. In a moment, the Whistler will tell you his gripping story. But first, I'd like to pass along an interesting comparison made by a Signal Gasoline dealer who changed my motor oil recently. Signal Four Star Motor Oil is like a bank, he said. The bank not only protects your money, but also pays you interest. This fine pre-war quality motor oil protects your motor by coating every part with a tough, lasting film of lubrication that resists heat and wear. I know Signal Four Star is pre-war quality and I know it protects my motor, I replied. But tell me, where does the interest come in? That, he said, is something extra you get, the carbon removing property in Signal Four Star Motor Oil. You see, laboratory tests prove that while it's lubricating your motor, Signal Four Star Motor Oil actually dissolves out carbon that could cause serious motor damage. Well then tell me, I asked, how come more people aren't using Signal Four Star Motor Oil? When they find out about this feature, he replied, smart motorists switch to Four Star in a hurry, especially operators of fleets of cars and trucks who keep a record of performance and can't afford to have vehicles laid up. Well, I said I can't afford to have my car laid up either. And from now on, I'm giving my motor the oil that helps keep out carbon while it lubricates. Signal Four Star Motor Oil. And now, the Whistler. What is it that makes a man or a woman take that first fatal step down the wrong road? That step that looks so simple and so easy, but from which there is no turning back. There are many reasons, of course, many. In Peter's case, it was simply money. A man offered him a lot of money to forget something one morning and he couldn't resist it. It didn't matter to Peter's that the man had a foreign accent, or that his country was at war, or that his crime was to be one of the lowest in the book. It was the money that mattered to Peter's and he didn't think much beyond that. At first that is. But then the time came and he was pulling his car up in front of the house where he was to meet the man with a foreign accent. Hey Jerry, why are we stopping? Oh, I forgot to tell you Pop, I have to stop here for just a minute, I have to see a sick friend. Maybe we haven't got much time, we'll be late for work. Don't worry Pop, I won't be long, I'll get you there in time. Be right with you. Yes, this is it Jerry.  Knock on the door. Oh Peter, you're late. Come in. Yeah, I had to pick up a guy. What do you mean pick up a guy? Pop, my ride, I take him to work every night. Where's he now? Out in the car waiting. You fool, that might be dangerous. Oh no, it would have been more suspicious if I hadn't picked him up. What did you tell him? I said I had to see a sick friend. Good. All right Peter, this is Gus, the one I told you about. Hi Pete, hello. He's putting the finishing touches on now. He'll be ready in a minute. Peter's watched. Fascinated as old Gus continued his work. Three, four minutes slipped by. By then Pop out in the car began to get impatient.  The old fool, why doesn't he stop hocking that horn? Why doesn't he? I'll tell him to stop. Please do, do you think we need publicity? I'll call down to him, I'll tell him to stop. Hey Pop, Pop, lay off the horn. Didn't I tell you this guy was sick? But we're going to be late for work. I'll be down in a few minutes, take it easy. Yeah, yeah. Who is this Pop? Is he all right? Will he cause us any trouble? No, I did what you said. I made friends with one of the old timers down at the plant. Now I can't get rid of him. It's almost finished. Yes, Gus the mechanic, an old hand and a good one was almost finished. Peter's is watched as he chipped out the inside of the thermos bottle. And now he was working on a detonator. It looked like one of those old fashioned watches Peter's old man used to own. And as Gus started winding it, somehow the sound was so familiar. It sort of got Peter's. For the first time he wished he'd never started the thing. What time have you got, kid? What time have you got? What's the matter with you? Are you getting too nervous for us? Nervous? Don't worry about me being nervous. It's eight twenty-nine. Eight twenty-nine. Okay, kid. What are you sweating about? Who me? Mr. Sharpe ain't sweating. There she'll go off at six thirty tomorrow morning. Is that okay, Mr. Sharpe? Fine, Gus. Okay. Okay. Gus went to the steel cupboard and took down a metal jug. He came back to the table with it, cradled in his arms. Shark leaned forward. Peter's felt himself tightening up inside. Without thinking about it he pulled a pack of cigarettes out of his jacket and put one in his mouth. He was about to strike the match when Shark looked up.  What? What's wrong with you? Haven't you any sense at all? What do you mean? Tell him, Gus. Kid, if one spark got into this nitro, they wouldn't find enough of us to fill that matchbox. Oh.  He spit it out and stamped it to pieces on the cement floor. Shocked and Gus looked at each other and grinned. That didn't help Peter's feelings, any. When it came to the payoff, it'll be up to him, not these wise guys. Your lunch kit. Here it is. I just bought it this afternoon. Well, look how pretty it is, Mr. Shark. It's a shame to spoil it. All right, finish with it, Gus. We'll make the jokes later. The lunch kit and took the bottle out. He screwed the detonator into the cap and when it fitted right, he laid it aside. Then he put a siphon into the thermos bottle and opened the jug of nitroglycerin. He poured out a thick yellowish liquid and when the bottle was full, he put the top on the jug and carried it carefully back to the cupboard. You better be far away when this goes off, kid. I'll be far away all right. Peter's a smart boy, Gus. He comes to us well recommended. Gus didn't say anything after that. He bent down over his table and his eyes tightened up till you could barely see them. You worked quickly and you could see he knew what he was doing. Watching him, Peter's began to feel a little better about everything. Now Gus was finished. He put the thermos bottle of nitro back inside the lunch kit and then the sandwich in the orange. Then he closed the kit and handed it to Peter's. Here you are and don't drop it. I won't. Are you sure everything is all right? Yeah, everything's all right, Mr. Shocked. I want to see you here tomorrow afternoon at one. I'll be here, don't worry. Peter, stop using that expression. We never worry. There's your friend again. All right, Peter, get out of here. Oh, before the old fool gets us all into trouble. Peter's had been with Gus and Mr. Shocked for some time and it was almost nine now. It was a nice night, but Peter's wasn't going to enjoy it. The old man was sitting in the Chevy smoking his pipe as Peter's walked up. Is that you, Jerry? Yeah. It's about time. What kept you? We got the talking, he's pretty sick. We're going to be late for work, Jerry. Is that any way? You should have taken the bus. And what about you? I'd have been late, so what? So what? That ain't no attitude, Jerry. Okay, okay. Here, put this lunch kit in the dashboard compartment and be careful with it. The drive to the plant was something Peter's would never forget. Just thinking about what was in that lunch kit was enough to drive him nuts. He ran into something. He ran off the road. He stayed off the main highway. Too much traffic. This ain't the right road, Jerry. It'll get us there. We've been going 25 all the way. Can't you go any faster? We're going to be late, Jerry. We'll get there. Oh, you young fellas of the day.  You have a fever in your blood. You're restless and you don't know why.  And I don't know what the end will be. What's that? That rattling, what is it? I don't know, Jerry. It sounds like your lunch kit. Here, let me at it. What are you worrying about that for? We're going to be late. Stop telling me we're going to be late. Stop jabbering. Let me alone, will you? Yes, Jerry. You think the lunch kit will be okay now? You packed it in pretty well. No, Jerry. You sure think a lot of that lunch kit? Yeah. Yeah, I sure do. At last they got to the plant. The night shift was already at work. The parking lot was jammed with cars. Yes, they were late, but Peters was glad in that. Now he'd be able to park near the entrance. And later on he'd be able to get out in a hurry. Okay, Pop, this is it. I'm sorry I made you late. Oh, that's all right, Jerry. You mind if I go back with you in the morning? Okay, just be here prompt. I won't wait for you. Peters took out the lunch kit and started for the main gate. The guard was standing there inspecting everybody with a flashlight. Peters grinned at him and snapped the lunch kit open. How are you tonight? Okay. Not eating much, are you? No, not much. Well, you ought to put some weight on you. Peters punched in, changed his clothes quickly and left the lunch kit in his locker. The stomach felt funny. Figured he'd probably look pretty haggard. So he went up to the washroom and washed his face and let the cold water run on his wrists. It was then he noticed that he'd left his wristwatch in his street clothes. It was against the rules to go back into the locker room until the shift was over. And now, all night long, he wouldn't know what time it was. Have to ask, have to guess. The ache in the pit of his stomach got worse. It wouldn't do to get sick tonight. So he drank a lot of water and the pain went away. Then he picked up his riveting gun and went to work in the shop. What's wrong, Mr. Davis? What's wrong? Don't you see with your own eyes? What's wrong? Is that any way to rivet a flap? Where's your clamps? Where's your seeds? I'm sorry, Mr. Davis. Don't be sorry. Do it right. Come on. Get on the ball, Peters. Yeah. Get on the ball, Peters. Don't be so nervous. Don't show how you feel down inside. Concentrate. Think. But you can't think, can you, Peters?  All you can remember is that thermos bottle filled to the top with nitro. All you can think of is that detonator set for 6.30. Hey, Pop, what time is it? 1.30, Jerry. Hey, Pop, what time is it? It's 10 after 3. Hey, Pop, what time is it?  It's 4.25. Pop, what time is it? Jerry, what's wrong with you? Why, you're as white as a sheet. I don't know, my son. Hey, hey, guys, Jerry's passed out. Come over here, quick. You are listening to the signal oil program.  He's woke up. He was lying on a cot in the plant dispensary. And the staff doctor was bending over him. How do you feel now, son? Better.  No, I never did, Doc. You're pretty nervous, aren't you? No, I'm all right. I don't know. Your pulse was going 50 miles an hour when they brought you in. Yeah, but I'm all right now, Doc. I want to go back to the job. You want a what? What kind of a doctor would I be to send you back to your job? Come on, relax. But I'm okay now. It's pretty easy. Doc, what time is it? It's 5.30 now. The shift ends in half an hour. Oh, here. You hold this glass of water. What are you going to do? I'm going to give you a couple of grains of barbatol. Take you in the next room and put you to sleep for a couple of hours. I'll pick you up. What's the matter with you? I don't want to go to sleep. I'm all right. Yes, you're all right. You're in fine shape. But I've got things to do as soon as the shift's over. They can wait. Your help is more important. I'll hold this glass myself. Doc, look, I'm okay. I don't like to take dope. This isn't dope. It'll slow you down and you'll wake up feeling like a new man. You little fellows, you don't know how to relax. It's a wonder you live as long as you do. Here. Take the pill. I'll put it in your mouth. All right, swallow some water. Now, come along with me. There's a cart in the next room. Now you just lie there and behave yourself. In a few minutes you'll feel sleeping like a baby. Okay. That's right. I'll put these blankets up over you. You okay now? Yes, Doc. All right, I'll turn out the light. Good night, young fellow.  Good thing you thought of holding that pill under your tongue. If you'd swallowed it and gone to sleep. Well, you don't even want to think about that. There's a window in the room. He said it was 5.30.  Slip out the window and outside. Yeah, it'll work. Now you better rest. Rest. Only you can't rest, can you? The doctor said it was 5.30 and that was a long time ago. It's holding up that whistle. Why did you forget your wristwatch? Relax. You have to control yourself. If you cramp up again, you're sunk. But what if something's wrong? What if the whistle doesn't go off when it should and no one notices before it's too late? What then? A pint of pure nitro. With all this oil and paint and airplane dope, this place will explode like an ammunition dump. Where's that whistle? Something's happened to it. Gotta get out of here. Get out. That's over. Now I gotta act fast. Get out of here. Do everything right. Getting out of the dispensary was easy. There was a shed right below the window. Peter's dropped to the roof of that den, then to the ground. He didn't feel too good. He was still weak from the cramp, but there was no time to think about that now. When he got to the locker room, the boys were climbing out of their work clothes, getting ready for the shower room. Hiya, Peters. You okay now? Yeah, I feel fine. Look at that turpentine, Jerry. Boy, you had me worried, Jerry. I'm okay now, Pop. Do I still get to ride? Let me handle it. Yeah, I'll see you later then. I'm going to take a shower. Peters changed into his street clothes and nothing flat. Not caring particularly how he looked. What if that doctor looked in and found him gone? Don't give him a chance to catch up with you, Jerry. When he was ready, the other guys were in the shower room. That was the break he wanted. He took the lunch kit out of his locker and slid it underneath. Then he looked at his wristwatch, four minutes after six. He had 25 minutes to get away. He was walking down past the front offices. No one else around yet. Couldn't walk too fast, not too fast, not too slow, act natural. Past the foreman's office, not too fast. Peters. Oh, hello, Mr. Davis. Peters, how are you feeling now? Good, good, good. Say, come into the office for a minute. I want to talk to you. You've been meaning to for us some time now. Now? Sure, sure, sure now. I'm in a kind of a hurry, Mr. Davis. It's six o'clock in the morning. Nobody's in a hurry. Come in, come in, come in. All right, but just for a minute. Yeah, close the door. Sit down. I really can't stay long, Mr. Davis. I'm supposed to meet someone. You still look pale, Peters. Sure you feel all right? Oh, yes. Mr. Davis, it's about the mistake I made tonight in riveting. No, no, no, no, forget it, forget it. Everybody makes mistakes. I'm the foreman, I make mistakes.  Must be your blondes you're going to meet.  Yeah, yeah, yeah, you gotta go, you gotta go. Well, look, I always have a little talk with the new boys. Sort of a bail-up full session. Couldn't we get together tomorrow?  It's fine, fine, Mr. Davis. Yeah, we're all mighty proud of the job we're doing here. Look, Mr. Davis, I... I've got a son overseas, myself. Feel that this is the best way to back him up. I guess most everybody who works here feels the same. Hey, Peters. Okay, okay, slow down, Peters. He's not chasing you. Look at your watch. 614. There's still plenty of time to get away. Leave the main building. Start across the yard for the main gate. It's still dark. You're one of the first out. Hey, you! Hey, hey, slow down, will you? How far have I got to chase you? What do you want? You know as well as I do what I want. You forgot something. Tomorrow, then it'll be my neck.  All right, all right, I'll go back and punch out. Where's the fire? Where's the fire? You ought to work that energy out during your shift, young fella. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Hey! What? There are 20 guys in line ahead of me. For sure, what did you expect? You ain't the only one on this shift, you know? Hey, look, fella, I gotta get to town early. How about letting me punch out now? Well, it'll just take me a second. Yeah, we all want to get to town early. Okay, okay. Take it easy, Peter, as you've still got time. Get down at the end of the line and stop making yourself conspicuous. Hi, hi there, Peter. Hello. The old guy sort of adopted you, ain't he? Yeah. Sure, a long line tonight, huh? Yeah, well, not much to do. Yeah? Yeah, how you feeling now? Huh? Well, okay. Say, is my watch right? I have 618. Well, yeah, yeah, yeah. 618, I got. I could be wrong. Name? Peter's. Jack. Name? Thomas, Thomas. He finally got to the parking lot, but a whole lot of people are out now and it's going to be crowded if you don't hurry, Peter. It's a little cold, too, and it takes a couple of seconds for the motor to catch. It's 621, Peter's. No time to waste now. You're fighting for your life. Start backing out quick. Hey, you! Look at my headlights. It doesn't matter with you. Come out here and see what you did to my headlights. I'm sorry. I'll pay for them. That ain't the idea. You can't buy headlights like this anymore. All right, Peter's is my name. Jerry Peter's. I work in Shop 5. I'll see you tonight. We'll work out something. Not so fast. Not so fast. I've got to write this down. Got a pencil? Here's my pen. Use it. Jerry Peter's. Shop 5? Yeah. Okay, here's your pen. I'll see you tonight. You ought to watch where you're going this time of the morning. Back up and let me out with you, fella. Are you guys always in a hurry? That's how trouble starts. All right, my partner's back to rough. It's clear now. Thanks. You've got to hurry. You've got to hurry. Jerry! Jerry, wait! You're forgetting me. Hey, Jerry, wait for me. Wait! Wait! Hey, Jerry! You've got to wait. The wrestler will bring us the ending of tonight's story in just a moment. Means I'm, let me tell you how you can get absolutely free the very game that's now top favorite among American troops overseas. It's Salvo. S-A-L-V-O, the exciting battleship game. Thousands of these fascinating games printed in color with complete instructions have been sent by the Signal Oil Company to American troops all over the world. So many men returning from overseas have been telling friends about Salvo. People at home are wanting to play this exciting game, too. Recently, Signal was able to get a limited number of extra Salvo games for civilian home use. One is waiting for you now at your neighborhood Signal Dealers. There are no strings to this gift, nothing to buy. You just ask your nearest Signal Dealer for your Salvo game and get it free. Naturally, they'll go fast because Salvo is on the way to becoming as popular here as it is in Burma, France, and Iceland. Better see your Signal Dealer tomorrow. When you find what a friendly, conscientious fellow he is, you will understand why Signal Service cars do go farther. And when you see how much fun Salvo is, you'll thank me for getting you in on this offer early before your Signal Dealer's limited supply of Salvo games is gone. Stop by and see him tomorrow, sure. And now, back to the whistler. Yes, Jerry Peters got away from the plant. By 629, he was a good mile from the plant, raising along to safety. And back in the parking lot, Pop had something to say about the younger generation. How do you like that? These young fellas, I don't know what the end will be. What's the matter, Pop?  Hell, who wouldn't? He went off and left me. These young people got no sense of responsibility at all. Last night, he drives like a turtle. This morning, he races out of here like a demon and leaves me standing. Not too bad, Pop. Maybe somebody else will give you a ride. Oh, I can get a bus. But this will teach me to do a guy a favor. What do you mean, Pop? Well, let Jerry. He was going to ride me into town.  So I'll go back in the plant to look and I miss him. When I get back here, he's driving off. Yeah, but what's the favor you did him? Well, he was so darned particular about it. Then he goes off and leaves it under his locker. But I found it and I put it in his car for him. What? I found it under his lunch kit. Hey. Now, I wonder what in the world that could have been. Night at nine o'clock, the Signal Oil Program will bring you another strange tale by the Whistler. The Signal Oil Program is broadcast for your entertainment by the Signal Oil Company. Marketers of signals famous go farther, gasoline and motor oil. And by your neighborhood Signal Oil dealer, who is at your service daily to keep your car running for the duration. The Signal Oil Program, directed by George W. Allen, with story by Lawrence Marcus and music by Wilbur Hatch, is transmitted to our troops overseas by the Armed Forces Radio Service. Bob Anderson speaking for your friend, the Signal Oil Company, and suggesting once again that you let every go signal remind you that you do go farther with Signal Gasoline. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.