Hi Shar. Hello. How are you too? Good. Great. I'm glad to hear it. Brad. I'm not sure we've met, Brad. It's great to have you on the call. Where are you based? Rochester, Michigan. Very nice. I'm in a smart zone. Ah, what does that mean? I'm being incubated. Okay. I'm in a business incubator. Nice. Can probably wait just a bit to get started. Have we heard about w3.org at all? I'm not sure I have. Could you say more? Let me just put it in the chat. Thank you. Thanks for sharing that. Yeah, hopefully it helps. I'm sure. Where are you located? I'm located in Denver, Colorado. Oh, nice. I have a business partner in Wyoming. Oh, nice. Yeah, it's a beautiful part of the country. Yeah. That's where all the water is, where he is. Ah, yeah. We don't have so much of that here in Denver, unfortunately. New York City can be beautiful. Are you right in the city? Yes. Nice. What part? What city are you in? New York City. Oh, you're in New York? Yes. Oh, that's a recent thing, right? No, no, no. I've been living here for 35 years. Oh, I thought one time it was mentioned that you were up early on your time. You and I are in the same time zone. Yeah, up early just means four o'clock, six o'clock, whatever. Which borough do you live in? Are you in Manhattan? Yes, I'm in Harlem, which is upper Manhattan. Very nice. And behind me is a shot from Central Park, which is only about 10 miles from my house. Oh, well, that is good. Hi, Sean, no worries.  So I am having a problem setting up the live stream. I'm going to let you take it over Shar and then I will upload the video to YouTube after the meeting. Okay, great. Wonderful. We'll go ahead and get started then. Thanks everyone for joining the meeting and it looks like we are recording. Welcome to the Hyperledger Identity Special Interest Group Call for June 29th. Thanks for joining us today. I'm Shar Haaland, a co-chair of this group with Vipin and Tim who are on the call. And today on the agenda we have our regular working group status updates. And then we'll hear about the World Economic Forum paper titled Reimagining Digital ID from Vipin. So really looking forward to that. Are we writing anything with that paper, Vipin? How do you mean? I mean, are we going to be adding content to the paper? No, it's been published June 2023. Are we going to be writing a white paper here? Yeah, we had started a white paper a long time ago. The ecosystem was still developing and it was growing a lot. So at that time we decided to give it the pause. It was kind of spinning out of control. There were so many different ways in which we could have gone. So I think we probably should refocus on that agenda item later on in the year. Yeah, Dan, in the presentation that I'm giving, there will be a link to that particular paper. And Dan, I know your name is on the list of people who contributed to the paper. Dan Backonheimer who's just posted a chat link to the paper. Anyway, I don't want to hold up Char. No worries. Yeah, we've had our groups have recently merged and transitioned to be a special interest group rather than working groups. So we're more focused on the community news and presentation aspect of it. But we could absolutely form a task force to work on a white paper. And I think that would be a really useful thing to do. So but I will continue on with the introductions of the call. This is a Linux Foundation call. So we have the antitrust policy written out here that we are following and then as well the hyperledger code of conduct, which is linked here. If anybody would like to put their name on the attendees list for on the meeting page, that would be wonderful. And now would be a great time if anybody would like to introduce themselves and talk a little bit about something you want to share your interest in in the space. So feel free to grab the mic or raise your hand. Go ahead, Brett. Okay. So my name is Brett Carpenter. And I'm the managing partner operator of Cradco, situated in the city of Rochester, Michigan, on the campuses of Oakland University. My focus is to have autonomous embedded systems. And the first low hanging fruit is identity. One of the things that our group will be focused on is LiDAR and geospatial information and embedding our proprietary intellectual property in that technology. Great. Thank you so much for joining the call. We're glad you're here. Would anybody else like to introduce themselves? Anybody else like to introduce themselves? Yes. Hi, I'm Alfonso Rovela from Hyperledger Latino America, a regional chapter. I've been part of the ID working group for a while, and I'm glad to be back here in this new format. Thank you. Absolutely. Thanks for joining. If anybody else would like to introduce themselves, feel free to jump in. We also have a few announcements, upcoming speakers on this call. Our next call we'll have Stefan Moy talking about EIS 2.0 and the European Wallet Initiative. Next call after that will be on AI and SSI. And the call after that will be on credential migration and for wallets and credential providers. Lots of interesting topics ahead. Vivian, I know you sent this link, call for papers out in our email thread. Did you want to give a brief verbal announcement about that as well? Not really. Everything is there. Okay. Great. Yeah. Link is there. We also have a note about the Hyperledger Aries Framework JavaScript workshop that's happening on July 11th. And here's links to more details and registering another Hyperledger workshop on running Aries in the Browser with Hyperledger and non-creds on July 18th. There's the link as well to join that. So are there any other announcements, introductions, or anything anybody would like to say before we head into the Working Group updates? All right. So we'll start with for the Hyperledger Indie Contributors Working Group. We met last week. Our last call was discussing the Indie Summit, which we just wrapped up 11 minutes ago. This was a three-hour event to get everyone involved in Indie together to talk about how they're using Indie. What is the future of Indie? What do we want to add to it and improve about it? How can we increase those development contributions? So full of very, very interesting discussions and important information exchange. So I have, excuse me, I have a question about that. So in a technical overview, are we talking about Hyperledger Fabric integrating with Indie? That came up briefly on the call today. I think the context in which it was talked about is that Indie compared with Hyperledger Fabric is very much purpose-built for identity. And so with the way that the, among the people on the call today, I think that that is the focus. So but I'll have to. What about BASU? Are we interested in integrating BASU with Hyperledger Fabric? And Ethereum, any of any of those ideas? So I guess the call mainly focused on Indie as the centerpiece. So yeah, it's a good question, though. If anybody else on the call knows anything about that, feel free to jump in. But yeah, not too sure on that right at the moment. Yeah, I mean, this is Sean from Hyperledger. BASU is an Ethereum client. And in regards to BASU interacting with Fabric, I know there are some folks working on that. Probably the best place to go would be the Hyperledger Discord. But as Shah just said, the conversation this morning was specific to Indie. And one of the other options, what does that ecosystem look like? So it was a really great chat. It was recorded. And I believe they're going to post it at some point after the recording includes very good. And the only other thing that I could add is, you know, when Indie was developed, it was it was all basically all in one. And then they spun off of the wallet and agent components into Aries. And the crypto components were spun off separately. And as was said, it was purpose built for identity Indie was. And then, again, Aries was derived to better support identity functions. Now, folks have built identity systems that use Fabric. But yeah, you kind of have to twist and turn to make it work. Anyhow, that's the only thing I want to add. Right. Right. What were you saying? Sorry, Brett, to interrupt. Oh, no, I'm just saying integrating the two together would be very high level. But also interoperability standpoint, we, you know, the initial vision and it still is decentralized identifiers. If you if you decentralized identifiers should work for the user, whether I get a did from an Ethereum network or from a Fabric network or from an Indie network or from checked or somewhere else, those are my dids living in my wallet, I should be able to use them as I see fit. There are some things like there are some competitors to Indie that don't work with like didcom and there are some competitors to Indie that don't do certain things. But overall, the community is working on being as standards compliant as possible. So that whatever flavor you choose to build on, you are not locking that user out of an experience or those verifiable credentials or that did come up. And just as a point of reference, my focus is contracting with the military. So that would have many different regions. And so that complexity is something that I'm focused on. Yeah, so the did spec came out of Department of Homeland Security RFP years ago, 2015 or 2016. And also from a dot gov perspective, if you want to look at what's what the BC dot gov team has been doing with not just BC, but the pan Canadian trust framework folks have been doing. It's pretty impressive. Yes, being self sovereign identity into that dot gov context. Definitely. The Central Bank of Canada is pretty impressive with all of that initiative. Yeah, thanks for thanks for your question on that Brett. Let's see. So in the areas working group, they've been meeting every week. Has anybody been able to attend to attend any of those recent meetings who would like to give a quick report? So it looks like they've been merging in RFC PRs as well talking about marketing, mediators and did peer. So what's going on there? How about areas by fold? Anybody in this group attend that one? See the notes didn't get into too many specifics, but I think they're talking about issues, PRs, general updates and and future planning for the areas college and Python is your group meeting met this week. So talking about the release candidates, the next release candidate for acupuncture release 082, as well embedding a non creds rust into acupy talking about the areas mediator service in DCO just open sourced socket dock, which is a really important piece of that. So that's exciting. Did peer two and three as well. Talking about one of one of the one of the most complicated parts of using acupy is the startup parameters or that that can be a barrier to entry. And so an idea about acupy startup parameters editor. And then as well, merging, merging in PRs for a term of JavaScript. Anybody attend that meeting? So they've been having a lot of discussions about. Relationship to the open wallet foundation did come be to wallet API as well revocation documentation. So lots going on there. Hyperledger Ursa don't expect there to be meetings there anymore with the end of life status. And then in the non creds hyperledger and non creds working group meeting anybody attend that one. So they finalize the release for a non creds 010. Had a report from the non creds workshop mentorship update. And then as well talking about the non creds specification and new revocation approaches. So lots going on in those working groups. Anything else hyperledger related anybody going to bring up? Let's see moving on to the trust of our IP foundation. Don't believe there's been an all members meeting more recently than our last meeting. Same with the communications committee, but feel free to jump in if I'm wrong about that. In the governance stack working group, they've been talking about the TOIP glossary workspace. Sounds like this is a document primarily aimed at helping trust registry and trust spanning protocol specs within the technology stack working group. And then as well the governance framework demand curves are talking about adoption increasing and seeing that digital wallets and very public credentials are starting to make some serious progress in the market. Let's see in the technology stack working group.  So lots going on in each of those. Does anybody have any updates on the working group or any of those specific task forces? I have a statement. I think in regards to metaverse, I think that the model of lidar and geospatial engineering and electromagnetic computation is something that should be more of a paramount than just having and I'm not trying to speak disparagingly against metaverse but well like a cartoon. So that's my contribution of thought is that instead of having a metaverse that having lidar and geospatial in artificial intelligence would probably be more advantageous to corporations and the corporate world. Yeah, thank you for that point. There's link here to their their meeting page and if you want to get into contact with them. I can add a couple bits there. So in the last AI metaverse, we had a guest from a researcher at Berkeley and he was speaking to the ability to derive the primary and the most accurate derivation from hand and head movements that are broadcast is is a unique identity. So his research showed that he could with a high degree of accuracy uniquely identify the person based on hand and head movements in a gallery of 50,000 which is kind of scary because as I learned from the call, you know, the avatars are rendered on the receiving end not on not on, you know, the the user and, you know, so if I'm interacting with six entities on the metaverse, they're getting my basically my raw biometric information. Right, right. And just as a just as a blurt, I'm an IBM partner and we have really strict policy against spatial recognition. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, you said spatial, not facial, right? I'm no facial. Okay, yes, there's no facial recognition involved. Yeah, yeah, no, I get that. I remember that the this is behavioral by me. So ISO defines biometrics as the automated recognition of individuals using biological or behavioral characteristics. Okay, so these are behavioral characteristics. The way I move the gate recognition is behavioral your keystroke dynamics is a behavior. I just I'm thinking that I might get in trouble with IBM. So with that, I'll reach out to them and see what they say. Yeah, yeah, can you provide that link to me because I don't think I can get it from where I'm standing? Yeah, well, I can I'll look for it. But as Char said, the meeting minutes are in the link and within the meeting minutes is the the link to the the the researchers research document. Thank you for that. So that was interesting.  I'm not an adopter.  But he was able to derive those factors, like with 60 or so percent accuracy according to his study. So I thought that was pretty interesting. Yeah, that is interesting. My treatment is that this is applicable to, you know, to the corporate world in dealing with asset management. And so that that's my focus with with this meeting is to have more of an, you know, an ID for, let's say, IBM Maximo to be able to integrate that into asset management. And I just and I just and I just think that when you have, let's say a lidar or geospatial, you have something concrete, you know that that building is there because of the satellite telemetry, you know, so it's not something that you could, in a court of law, essentially dispute if you're having problems, you know, with asset exchange or transaction. So that's my treatment. Very good. Yeah, Matt, you just we just had the, sorry, just going up the, where is the credential exchange task force. So we're trying to define the different, the most used, the most popular exchanges, what they are, what their pros are, cons are, things like that. So that was in the the credential exchange. Where did that go? I didn't see it on the screen. But yeah, okay, there it is. That task force. So that, yeah, that kicked off today. Matthew does a great job. He's got some great slides in there with with links. And one of the drivers was, you know, the various open ID for verifiable potential issuance, verifiable presentation, but yeah, would, but all the other ones that are kind of in play, again, where, where could they, should they be used so that it's, so decision makers could decide what's best used for, I mean, I really think that credentialing is that is the new space economy. But you know, yeah, that's, that's my, yeah, yep, no, my perception. Yeah, probably why we're all here. Yeah, definitely. Yeah. So what are we doing as far as our architecture? Are we, we focused on telecommunications, or we're just focused on, you know, Indy, and, and the program, the various hyper ledger? Well, so, well, so yeah, so where Char is, God knows who is trust over IP. So now trust over IP's mission is, coincides with some of the hyper ledger projects there, but trust over IP is, is really identity focused and, you know, and it's Char is basically saying, look, when the internet was established, there was no, it had point to point, you know, I want to need to get from A to B, and, and the networking that's involved to do that is covered, but not the trust, we don't know who's, you know, at the other end. So trust over IP is the main mission is, well, how do we get trust into that IP stack? And so yeah, you can go to, yeah, if you haven't, trust over IP.org and the, the, we do have an architecture framework. I won't dwell on it here, but basically it divides it up into two halves, four layers. There's, you know, the technology stack and that's why it says at the top of the screen here, technology stack working group, well, there's technology on one side, governance or human on the other side.  I think that's part of the space economy. I mean, that is the new wild frontier.  But yeah, that's the arena I think that we're in. Yeah. And if you get the overall decentralized identity space, hyper ledger host code projects like indie areas and on creds, trust over IP is focused on governance and policy. You've got diff decentralized identity foundation, which is really focused on implementation. And there's a little bit of, I believe they're doing some standards work as well. And I think we've got a couple more updates to come. And then you've got places like the W3C where standards around decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials are coming out of. Yeah, I put the W. The purpose of this SIG is to be pan identity. It's not just hyper ledger projects. We want to talk about everything that's going on in the ecosystem. And Sharrington and Fippen are doing a great job of programming, bringing folks from the outside, folks who aren't doing things with, with hyper ledger technologies, but to share so we can cross pollinate these ideas and, and, and not you. Thank you. Push the ecosystem forward. Yeah, thank you for defining that for me. Absolutely. Thanks for those updates and discussion on that. All right, the utility Foundry Group. It's on, hey, it is working with the governance architecture task force, still I believe. The ecosystem Foundry Group. Anybody attend that one at their meeting last week? Looks like they've been talking about the digital trust survey, digital ecosystem components and learning pathways, AP cyber presentation. How about the concepts and terminology working group? Anybody attend that one? So it looks like they're still working on the terminology engine V2, reviewing at the new TNO party driven actor model. So any other TIP announcements or progress updates? All right, moving on to the, the Diff, the decentralized identity foundation did come working groups since they meet on the first Monday of every month. We've reported on their recent meetings. Sound note as well that their next meeting will not be on July 3rd, the first Monday of July, but rather the second Monday of July. The Diff did come users group. It looks like in their most recent meeting they talked about demos and protocols, socket doc as well, which is, like I mentioned earlier, a, a WebSocket relay service that Diff recently open sourced and then as well did come marketing. Did anybody attend the Diff interoperability group or the IoT special interest group? Looks like they both had recent meetings. There was a presentation interoperability group on user adoption and interoperability, which looked interesting. Any other Diff updates? And for the W3C standard, as far as I can tell, I couldn't find more recent meeting notes from the Diff working group and the community credentials group. They've had recent traceability call and verifiable credentials for education task force. Does anybody have other updates for the W3C standard working groups or general working group updates or announcements? All right, with that, I think we can conclude the working group status updates portion of the call. And I can go ahead and turn it over to Vipin for, for exploration and discussion of the WEF paper. Vipin, would you like to screen share? Yes. Great. You can see my screen, I hope. Looks great. I'm going to go into slideshow mode so I'm, since I'm working on a laptop, I won't be able to see anybody else's comments or anything. So if anybody wants to bring it to my attention, please show up on audio and either question me or tell me some stuff about what's happening. So this is based on a, well, let's say a rather shallow reading of this paper because we had to scramble to put together this presentation since the person who was supposed to do this today is postponed to later. And I had also contacted Aidan Slavin, who was the lead author. And I know Aidan for a while because I was involved in the ID 2020 discussions. And I also saw in the paper that a lot of input was from the ID 2020 folks. So I'm familiar with enough of the concepts to be dangerous. So basically it's a swift pass through this background and summary. And for the first time, a world organization, maybe not for the first time, but still it's quite interesting that they are advocating for decentralized ID. Finally, then of course, they go into the challenges and the barriers to adoption of that decentralized ID. And they come up with some recommendations. And number six, the remarks on the next steps is my sort of contribution to this debate or this trust in getting this decentralized ID into a global arena. So the first thing of course is the ID overview, what is decentralized ID, various implementation recommendations. I don't want to dwell on this, you know, this is the summary from which I've taken from the paper itself. But the identity overview is very important, I believe, because here we are focused, very focused on the identity technology. And I think some of the questions that Brett asked, for example, what is the integration between Aries or Indy and Fabric is relevant because if you're going to put something out in production in the real world, for any purpose, it has to have an identity component. And it's important that identity component is well integrated, you know, mostly through standards, interoperability and other methods with the component itself. And I believe we don't spend enough time on this topic. And that was the focus of the old identity working group. But I am going to bring, you know, bring that perspective in here, not just the raw updates of different identity components and efforts, but having a much more systemic view of the whole thing. That means, how does identity fit in this ecosystem? Why is identity an important foundational concept and something to solve in a foundational way? So that's, you know, even they say it, but one of the UN's sustainable development goals. But unfortunately, it is a development goal 16.9, which means it's the ninth sub-paragraph of the 16th goal when there are 17 goals. But the first goal is, for example, abolish. I mean, there is a timeline to it too, which is basically that it's 2013. Not a first goal is abolish poverty, for example, or at least reduce poverty by 50%. And poverty is defined as making less than $1.25 a day, which may sound shocking to some of us, but $1.25 goes a long way in certain places. But still, you know, you can go to bed hungry, you may not have a place to sleep, and so on and so forth. But we have shown through the example of India, for example, that, you know, although implemented recently, it was started more than 15 years ago. The other ID, even though, you know, there are lots of things to criticize, has resulted in major transformation of even the first STG, which is reduced poverty by making sure that benefits flow directly to the recipients without the middleman siphoning off stuff, which is, you know, a feature of distribution in the developing world. Then it says, 850 million worldwide have no identity, and there is an identity lifecycle, registration, issuance, use and management. Registration differentiates between two separate types of identity. One is a genesis identity or a very vital identity, which is a government identity. First and foremost, is a birth certificate.  So the paper goes into details of the registration, issuance, use and management, mostly focused on methods and other ideas that we are familiar with in the developing world, but maybe not very widely, you know, if the 850 million worldwide have no identity, and 1.5 to 2 billion people are starving below 1.25 dollars per day, then we can talk all we want around here, but even in WEF, which is sort of a poster child for the rich people gathering in Davos, but it is a very influential organization. So all this stuff I just talked about. So in order to look at the 16.9 STG, which is to provide a legal identity, including birth registration by 2020, I think it is a laudable goal, but I don t think it s going to happen because there are real gaps, real problems. And of course, it s a development goal, not only as a standalone development goal, but it is all for a purpose to be participating in banking, finance, for gender equality, because women are not even recognized as people somewhere in some places, migration, labor market opportunities, and so on and so forth. There is a political threat, which is the lack of identity has brought forward in India. I don t know how familiar you are with what s happening in the northeast. In Assam, for example, they have required, if you cannot prove that you were, you know, you, your father, grandfather, your grandmother, somebody was a citizen of India in 1947, then you are considered not a citizen of India, which is kind of absurd, but that has resulted in the exclusion of a lot of people from and actually as a political threat in terms of deporting them into Bangladesh, somewhere else. And it s also a racial and sort of religious warfare. So all these are arising out of identity, which we may not be aware of, we are only, you know, focused on our problems, but these items are very important and it s highlighted to a certain extent in the WAF paper. And of course, you are familiar with this system here, Holder. Okay, so you have the issuer, holder and verifier triangle, and the verifier does not directly contact the issuer, issuer issues the credential to the holder, which is anybody having a wallet of some sort that is cryptographically protected and cryptographically can provide, can store cryptographic attestations of the issuance. And then in the presentation part where they want to rely on a verifier for any service for various other for speeding by a police officer, you have to present your driver s license, but the presentation in a decentralized ID case is meant to be only it s selective disclosure.  But that s not the case today. They can read a lot of things from the driver s license. Then of course, the one one-way street here between the issuer and the verifier, which is basically the verifier who can look at the credential and say, is that a valid credential by reading the data registry, which in our world is indie, for example, and the wallet that the holder holds is Aries. There is Didcom going on between various other entities and that wallet or various wallets. We don t even go into the details of having entities other than humans, like IoT s or companies or anything like that. But so this is the picture from the paper, which is a familiar picture, of course, for us. The challenges they note are that the standards are still under development and lacking definitions. These are general statements because even though we know that some of these things are being worked on, they are not accepted globally. And we have listed some of the organizations that we talked about just now, plus some other organizations like the European Union, the Architectural Reference Framework and EIDAS, which is going to be the topic of next calls presentation by Stefan, who s done a wonderful job of it before because he s part of the working group. And he has actually worked on EIDAS, either ARF or the wallet standard or various aspects. And he s very familiar with these things. So be here next call, which is in two weeks for that. But these are the challenges as per the paper. And the risks which we dwell down a little bit, political risk, data exploitation, which we haven t even talked about, which is basically using the data collected or either to do advertisements or surveillance or using that data to do political leverage, who s supposed to be, and so on. And of course, I think the risks of having that data are a bit of a bit of trouble hearing you, Vipin. The connection is breaking up a bit. I'm still not able to hear you too much, unless it s just me and my connection is bad. It s breaking up on my end, too. Are you there, Vipin? You hear bits and pieces from you, but not so coherent, unfortunately. Thanks for your note, Alfonso. Great to have you join. We ll see if Vipin is able to rejoin the call and maybe the connection will be better when he s back. Thank you, Char. See you in two weeks. Yeah, absolutely. We meet at the same time every two weeks. So looking forward to it. Bye-bye. Thanks. Bye. Thanks, Brett. Definitely. Thanks, everyone. I ll go ahead and wait to see if Vipin is able to rejoin. I ll try messaging him as well. Hi, Vipin. How s the connection now? I re-joined with my phone. I don t know why it s telling me that I m in safe driving mode when I m actually sitting down. I was just going over the paper. I had to reboot my computer. I don t know what happened over there. But anyway, how far did I succeed in getting? I don t even know. Yeah, we had started to cover the risks of decentralized identity, but I think that s about when things started to break up. And I know we just have a minute or two left in the call. So we might want to... Yeah, I mean, you know, the paper is kind of self-explanatory. There were about 12 slides in the call in the presentation, and I was on slide eight. And, you know, basically there were a bunch of barriers that they noted and technical recommendations but the most important one is the policy recommendations for adoption, which WEF is very sort of influential with. That happens to be the core of the paper, but it s basically things like reviewing policy, altering policy, develop enabling regulation, and improve privacy-intensing technologies. This is all applicable to decentralized identities, what they call it, not SSI. And future forward mechanisms and invest in public policy basically invest is the key recommendation. Invest in technology, invest in getting a good policy adoption, and invest in regulation, invest in training people in this. These are the recommendations. And as I said, my personal comments are, why is this influential? It is extremely influential. And because of the WEF, a lot of government officials show up there. And there are technological methods for implementation and the technological capability for implementation. Both of these have to be improved and participate in multiple venues, which is what we are doing anyway. Sorry about that. Next time I'll close everything before I just do this presentation. Maybe I am running AI in the background. I don't know. Yeah, yeah.  I think it was really useful to take the time to go over the paper. So, thank you. Yeah, and also Aidan Slavin is going to come back here later and he will do a much fuller presentation. And hopefully we can divert enough time for that for him. And instead of just running down a list of updates, which we always do. Yeah, yeah. No, I definitely agree. We could cut some of that out to leave more time for the presentation. All right, so he'll come back and we have the next three presentations on our agenda. And thanks for listening and thank you. Yeah, absolutely. Thanks so much, Pipin. And thanks Lynn and Charles for hanging around. And we'll see you all in two weeks. All right. Thank you. Bye.


This morning I'll try to give a brief talk on the forest cover dynamics in Asia over the past two decades and their policies and consequences. This is actually part of the work that have been done for the last one year. We have a collaboration with Directorate Forestry Planning under the Ministry of Forestry and we just recently finished this collaboration last year. So I'm going to start to talk with the introduction. So as many developing countries see actually, therefore station is necessary and it's actually a common trade-off for development, also to support the economic growth and also to improve livelihood and elevate the poverty. As a consequence is, therefore station contribute to 6 to 17 percent of global emissions, total global emissions worldwide. And Indonesia as home for the third largest tropical countries is also suffering similar occurrence or events. However, we argue if forest clearing in Indonesia is effective and is directed to support development in a way that forest can sustain in the future. And this is actually important because based on recent national communication report submitted to UNFCCC, 85 percent of total greenhouse gases emissions in Indonesia actually comes from land use, land use chains and forestry sectors. 55 percent of those actually from their first station and the remaining more than 50 percent, 40 percent actually from pit fires and pit oxidation because of the pit drainage. We use the data generated by Minister of Forestry. We work together to do an exercise trying to estimate forest carbon emissions projections in the future for FL or forest reference emissions level as an exercise. So we use the data, land use data from 1990, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012 which was actually refined and improved by Ministry of Forestry and check for consistency and reliability. And this is actually interesting because the data has not only forest and non-forest information but also information on different land use that includes primary forest, secondary forest, they also differentiate between mangrove forest, upland forest, pit swamp forest, rice cultivation, estate crops, crops, garden and so on. So we could actually classify those classes into several subclasses to identify key drivers of deforestation and also to actually analyze what is actually the post forest land use and to identify the proximate causes causing forest clearing in Indonesia. Forest is actually defined as a land spending more than 0.25 hectares with a three higher than five meters and it cannot be covered of more than 30 percent. So the first finding was we found forest top in 1990 was about 113 million hectares and it decreased substantially in 2012 where we found only 92 million hectares of forest remain which means that across 22 years Indonesia lost about 21 million hectares of forest. Deforestation trend however decreased in the first decade which is from 1990 to 2000. Deforestation trend, deforestation rate was about 1.2 million hectares per year and in the recent decade from 2000 to 2012 deforestation rate was actually around 0.7 million hectares per year. However in the last three years of our study from 2009 to 2012 the trend of deforestation increased and it reached to 650,000 hectares of forest loss in in the final year in 2012 which is actually higher than deforestation in Brazilian Amazon. We also found that forest degradation is a major precursor for deforestation. Over the study period we found the extent of primary upland forest decreased from 52 million hectares to 40 million hectares across 22 years period. At the same time the extent of degraded upland forest or secondary upland forest remains relatively unchanged which was around 37 million hectares. However we found also that deforestation from degraded forest actually contribute to more than 55% of total deforestation and only less than 5% deforestation came from primary forest. So this actually confirms other studies that once forest actually opened it has more access, easy access it's actually easier to confer to other land users. And what happens actually after deforestation and this is actually very interesting. We found 12 million hectares of forest loss between 1990 to 2000. 40% of this which is around 5.8 million hectares were actually converted to shrubs or open land and these two land use can be actually considered as non-productive because there is no actually real economic activities or this land use actually has no real economic benefits compared to other land use for example agriculture, estate crops, rice cultivations, timber plantations and others. And only 1.8 million hectares of forest were cleared and converted to subsystem agriculture while 1.7 million hectares of forest actually used for the expansions of estate crops mainly oil pump and sometimes mixed with rubber. And this trend actually continues between 2000 and 2012 of about 8.7 million hectares of forest actually lost and 52% or 4.5 million hectares of forest actually converted to shrub and plus 1.4 million hectares of forest actually cleared and converted to open land. This is very interesting and fascinating since the general perspective sees that deforestation is a fuel for development then it comes to our argument does deforestation in Indonesia actually lead to more shrubs or it creates more jobs. And when we analyze the this unproductive land use these shrubs and open land development across the two decades we found that there was a substantially increase in shrub lands and up and open lands from 22 million hectares in 1990 to 27 million hectares of in 2012. And we also follow the trajectory of shrub lands across the 22 years period. Between 1990 and 2000 there were 6.2 million hectares of shrubs actually converted from forest land and in 2012 5.1 million hectares of those shrubs or open land remains as the same land categories which means that only 1.1 million hectares of forest converted to shrub lands and used in 2012. So the rest of it there remains as shrubs. In general we found that clear forest remains as unproductive for about 13.4 years at national scale. However in Sumatra and Kalimantan in Sumatra where the needs of lands is more pressing the unproductive lands is normally they are actually for 11.4 years and in Kalimantan is actually 12.8 years. The land remains unproductive. And what about actually the consequences to the emissions? We did more detail analysis for the two pit lands converted to shrubs and we found that from 1990 to 2012 there were 12 million hectares of forest loss and it's converted to shrub lands and that includes actually the conversion of 5.1 million hectares of forest of pit forest to shrubs. And when we calculated we estimated the emissions out of it from the from the above ground carbon loss of about 7.4 gigaton of CO2 equivalent were actually released to the atmosphere. And as an addition 2.5 gigaton of CO2 actually released to the atmosphere from the oxidation of pit soil from from the pit soil. So in total actually when we compare with other study published in PNES the emissions from pit lands converted to shrubs from 1990 to 2010 actually contribute to 57% of total emissions from deforestation and pit land degradation nationally. And it's pretty huge actually. So based on our findings we set up some or we have some recommendations related to the policies. First it's actually useful actually to intensify the use of unproductive land such as those abandoned absentee land which was actually classified as shrubs or open land. And this actually could save 10 million over 10 million hectares of forest land which was allocated under convertible forest. And then it was it can be replaced by such abandoned land. Second is that the proper evaluations on the planning of forest land allocation zone. Our study also found that 36 million hectares of production or limited production forest were actually allocated in 2012. But and within this area actually forest clearing is very is very limited. But we found nearly half of forest loss between 2000 and 2012 actually occurred in the production or limited production forest zones. So the proper evaluation of forest planning should be also conducted. And it's also useful as suggested by several other studies to extend the coverage of forest moratorium not only to include primary forest and pit land but also to include secondary forest which is still high in biodiversity and has a relatively high carbon stocks. And this actually could simply save more than 34 million hectares of degraded forest in 2012 which was actually degrade annually degraded from 1990 to 2012 at at the rate of 0.8 million hectares per year. And the last recommendation would be it's also useful to to consider the options of zero deforestation policies for further expansions of oil palm plantation and and pulp and paper plantations. So I guess that's my my talk. Thank you and it's time for Q&A. Thank you. Okay thank you Arif. That was very informative. Do we have some questions? Christof? Excellent presentation. A lot of a lot of things to think about and a lot of questions to ask. Maybe I'll try three. First when you talk about when you talk about these shrub shrub shrub lands basically we're talking about degraded land or that land that's been sort of a you know degraded sort of deforested land savanna style. I'm just trying to make sure that I understand the the definition of the concept. So just a clarification on that. You know I really I'm looking forward to the and I assume that you will probably publish something based on this so I look forward to a to a paper published so we can read and sort of learn more. But you know we all have kind of a basic understanding that in Indonesia over time there's a lot of a lot of land has been allocated to various concessions. A lot of land has been cleared. Not much land has been or much less land has been planted. You know which you show in your analysis that you know so many hectares millions of hectares have been you know cleared and and so my question is do we know more about why? I mean we kind of know that okay millions of hectares have been deforested only a little bit has been planted whether for oil palm or for anything else and everything else has been kind of idle for for decades. I think I think the question why like why why why is is is something that's itching and the final final question you mentioned about the emissions that is generally assumed that something like six to seven percent at the beginning of your presentation seven to twelve percent seven to twelve originates from land from the first agent globally globally I just saw something I think it was came from Lou or somebody else last week that there are some new estimates indicating that perhaps up to 40 percent or whatever of any global emissions can be coming from land use so I just maybe somebody else can comment on this I don't know I'm not necessarily to you but these figures are quite you know kind of changing so okay good thanks yourself for the questions very interesting so what we actually identified as shops here is is a more of the mix between like Savannah cross line it could be like from from one meters to different more like two meters or so in high but it's it's still it in in many cases also mixed with like sparse trees like a group of group of sparse trees so and the the expert from Minister of Forestry they actually identified this they're still I mean they don't find like a regular patches if as if if someone find timber plantations or any concessions where you have like regular patches so it's more like irregular patches and then the from the satellite data you can also see that this is not as rough as trees so then it was actually identified as shops so this is the first thing and yes we are not still working in the in the paper in the manuscript for journal now it's it's under internal review so it's still with other co-authors but sure we will publish that thank you and why idle actually to be honest I have some speculations on it although actually I don't know I mean it still need to be proven to provide some more scientific evidence one is actually because of quite a number of companies we actually overlay those shrub lengths with the map of concessions and map of hapeha so timber logging concessions also hapeha timber plantations and quite a number of of those shrubs are actually within those concessions first thing that come up into my mind is I guess it's a practice of land banking of this concession that they actually they want to keep the concession active they they took all the timbers but then they actually they don't really have an intention to convert those areas into more productive land but they keep the the license active because every two years it's still reported to minister of forestry and it's actually still an active concession but no actually an active activist but this is one thing and the second is that it's also a specific speculations what I discussed with the people from minister of environment many of of those degraded lands once it was degraded and converted shrubs the local people came in and claimed the land and it creates actually more conflicts at the local level and the global land use would have thank you and in my understanding the last report the fifth assessment of IPCC report actually estimated 11 percent of total emissions coming from blue Lucia from land use and use in forestry I mean I hope my answer is correct from deforestation yeah 11 percent so thanks Lou Louie I guess first or Louie so yeah the the use of the term shrubs also is the first thing that stuck stuck out for me and I just wanted to ask if and forgive me if you already mentioned it but how much land classified as shrubs um returned to forest through natural succession uh during you know during the time period that you were looking at if you have that and if if it's not looked at that way then one would you know there definitely costs to conversion of shrub land to what you might call other productive uses such as oil palm etc in terms of biodiversity and there is presumably at least in some kinds of land that are classified as shrub land a potential future of a kind of of a rich secondary forest so I'm curious to know if those things that have been taken into account if not in this study but in others that you've looked at and if there's potential to learn a lot more about it thanks Louie so I don't have the number in my mind but we estimated of about it's only 1.9 percent of areas deforested between 1990 to 2012 and it actually grows back as forest in 2012 so it's it's very subtle actually so I could actually say that it's very unlikely once forest actually clear converted to any other land use including to shrubs it's very unlikely these areas across 22 years period over our study period it will grow back as forest and it's also the same case for degraded forest once it was degraded in the secondary forest state it's also very unlikely it will grows back as primary forest because many of those degraded forest actually then deforested I hope it's answer your questions okay thank you Arif it's really nice talk especially when we talk about the deforestation in Indonesia I'm sure that you might be aware about the deforestation rate published by Belinda Margonos at all as well as the Forest Watch Indonesia I mean we got a different various number of deforestation rate it will be interesting to know I mean to explore further scientifically you know what are the difference and then what is your argument with your your rates that you just mentioned thank you thank you we compared the data the Ministry of Forestry data with the one from Belinda Margonos published in Nature Climate Change last year and actually Belinda's data shows lower deforestation as the Ministry of Forestry data so I cannot pick up the number but the Belinda's data in her paper also mentioned that the data that is produced by her from her study is actually compared with the Ministry of Forestry data and it has over 90 percent of agreement with the Ministry of Forestry data but this is actually 90 percent of agreement from forest cover in year 2000 but not in the deforestation annual deforestation among those two data sets but I could tell you that it's actually comparable with with the data published by by Belinda previously compared to Hansen's data it has a different definitions because Hansen's data include three loss from plantations as a forest cover loss so it has actually inflated estimate I mean the Hansen data so it's not comparable because both data set the Ministry of Forestry and Hansen's data they have a different forest definitions thank you other questions Christine I'd like to go back to the question that Louis asked because that was that was sort of my question but it was a little bit of a twist I was wondering having spent you know many years of my life watching swiddens or shifting cultivation fields grow back into secondary forest the fact that you essentially say that the regrowth rate is sort of negligible for Indonesia and I'm just wondering is it is it I mean part part of it may just be the classification what I think is a secondary forest you know you classify as shrubs but also I wonder whether there's an issue of size you know that there are small plots the kinds of the kinds of places that sort of characterize ladang that are continuously sort of going back into something that resembles secondary forest but what you're looking for and what you're seeing are large areas I mean I wonder if there's actually a if there's a principle here of some kind you know that sort of small deforestation areas do tend to go back to I mean not to primary forest I mean the very thought of calling it primary forest means that nothing gets back to being primary forest right but that goes back to being some classification of forest but what you're looking at largely is our larger areas that would not be that you know that would not appear as in your images thanks thanks Christine that could be true the thing is that the Ministry of Forestry data they they actually use this Landsat data which has 30 meter resolution of spatial so one pixel actually has a size of 30 meter which means that it's a it covers 900 square meters on the ground however in the in the in the interpretation process to I mean to to interpret those satellite data into land use map the minimum unit which means that the smallest size of the polygons is 6.25 hectares and this small or shifting agriculture a small scale which has a size less than 6.25 hectares could be I mean neglected and I mean excluded from from from from the or I mean let's say reforestation at very small scale could be also excluded because of the size of this minimum size of 6.25 so yes you're right it could be one one thing that could be one type of error which could come up from this this data other questions yeah hi I just like to add a comment because Arif and I have been working together on this shrubs and jobs paper and I think the motivation for us is just to raise awareness that one deforestation can lead to a lot of shrubs and these are the categories that people don't actively manage and also don't figure as productive so the question can be are these things productive what is going on in here so the questions of Christoph need to be further analyzed but not based on our data because our data is just to to make that point and the second thing is that these shrubs are not temporary so a lot of the times assumption is nature will take its course and then it will just you know come back but we've waited and waited for so long and it doesn't grow back so something has to be done and these has to be better managed in Indonesia thank you are there other questions thank you do I get to ask mine okay I'd like to ask you about this the zero deforestation that you touched on at the tail end you showed that a lot of this degraded land is in peatlands so if companies are going to stop deforestation and actually go to areas where there's land available it's often in peatlands what does this mean for the emissions reductions potential of these zero deforestation pledges if instead of chopping down the forest they're actually going to go to these peatlands and drain them and and put them into turn them into productive areas as we estimated actually so the confessions of peat forests and two shrubs from the loss of the carbon stocks above ground it will emit actually the the it will lost instantly the the the stocks of carbon which is equal to 7.4 gigaton of CO2 this this we estimate actually for for 20 years from 1990 2010 and then plus the emissions from peat itself is around 2.5 gigaton CO2 equivalent so it means that in total it's like around 9.9 10 10 gigaton of CO2 equivalent of a carbon loss when actually peat forests convert to shrublands and it's actually the estimate for for 20 years period so the and the the loss of degraded the loss of peat swarm is also staggering so what would we would I recommend to to have a zero deforestation policies for further expansion of oil pump and and pop and paper plantation could actually ease the the emissions from from from this confession from land confessions by by getting them out of out of the peatland exactly okay Chris so if you turn this around you say there's I forgot the numbers but there's a huge amount of areas that are under secondary growth unproductive so if you turn this around then you could say well let's then put the oil palm on those lands because it will add biomass to those lands it will add product productivity to those lands is that a bit dangerous or is that a a valid proposition yeah to cultivate oil palm on the degraded peatland on the degraded land not on a peatland maybe but on the degraded non-peatland which there is also no right well actually that's a that's one of the of the one suggestion that that I I propose from the study that to use more this degraded land to to to have more productive land use such as oil pump plantation for example because at the same time minister of forestry has allocated 30 million hectares of convertible forest and 10 million hectares out of these 30 million hectares actually still in the forest state I mean in this I mean they are still forested landscapes so why don't just use this degraded lands which was around 27 million hectares in 2012 to replace those 10 percent of forest landscape within the convertible forest land so yes Daya many thanks Ari for a very informative presentation I'm just wondering a lot of the arguments that have been conveyed by government and also by the private sector is actually not being able to identify large swathes of of unproductive lands in your study are there large swathes of of unproductive lands or are they fragmented across the the forest because that's that's key to them according to their argument is you need to have large you know large swathes within an area to be able to be able to use them to be able to develop these lands so yeah it's not just the location but it's the you know one place big big ones that's why they're converting you know the 30 million the convertible forest that's one of the arguments so yeah very good questions I to be honest I still need really to to do the analysis and I mean to to look at more carefully the spatial distributions of of these swathes whether they actually occupy a big chunks of area like in Sumatra they have like quite big areas or actually it's more scattered or fragmented all over the the landscapes yes but I don't have the I don't have the the answer right now sorry yeah Emika I'm just referring back to one of the recommendations that you made that you know there's all these shrub lands so why not expand on those shrub lands but I'm also finding that recommendation seems to contradict what you've said earlier about how if you were to compare the concessions with the shrub land you see that actually there's a land bank which I thought was a very interesting part of what you mentioned and then also that there are a lot of competing claims so you know while you know land might seem idle or might seem you know just shrubs or degraded there might be an entire story behind that so I'm wondering if it is possible to also attach caveats to what you've said based on your own analysis and then to then talk about what else we need to do like or what else is already happening at c4 that that looks at you know both deforestation in terms of land clearing but also in terms of land use and how we can complement the two if I don't know if that made sense but I can clarify of course it's more on on the comments I guess so sure we are still developing the paper now it's still in writing process so Julia I will contact you after this so to find a way to discussion but thank you that's that's very interesting suggestion actually yeah Christine thanks again sorry for this point but um I'm going back to size because I think size is sort of key um again so and Nia I said I presumably you're working together and so said that you know nature doesn't take care of it but of course nature does take care of small plots that are in mosaic landscapes so is this uh is this something that um is important the fact that we're seeing the big ones so we have one story whereas if we were seeing smaller ones we'd have another story you know also um Dai you mentioned people want great big areas they need big areas for big development and that's what we classify sort of as getting productive um I mean I'm trying to be sort of slightly provocative here but it's there's something about you know using certain tools that I think do yield a particular story but don't yield another story but um maybe size is something that we do want to focus on the size of the of the size of changes and potentially the size of changes back you know where where nature at least seems to take care of some things thank you Christine so um the the thing is that um we use these uh data at national scale so national datasets which was unfortunately it has a uh is a relatively big um size of the minimum areas can be identified as something something could be forest something could be shrubs something could be sifting agriculture and so on I didn't say that the the small scale um areas convert to shrubs or a sifting cultivation is not important of course it's also important but due to the limitation of datasets that we have that we use for the study we we cannot really analyze and identify those very detailed um activities at the very local level so I didn't say that it's not important a small scale but um yeah but it's it's it's the data that we use and the data that we have and it's um it's apparently it's an official data very interesting because um I don't think that so far no one has has done it besides for uh ministry of forestry use it for for national reporting and statistic and forestry studies and so on but the deeper analysis is they really rely on us the c4 scientists to to work on and to do more analysis of applying those data okay any further questions all right well thank you all for coming and thank you Arif for for a very interesting seminar um and let's give Arif a round of applause


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com another revolution basketball break. This is random team number five Chance to get some nice stuff here blah blah blah, but it's a mood point because Scott got all the spots Thank you Scott appreciate you. So you automatically get two spots in that high-end basketball mixer and Scott requested that these box be shipped sealed so we're gonna ship those two seal Thank you very much makes it easy for for me and the shipping team. We all appreciate you We'll see in the mixer. Hopefully a little bit later tonight jaspyscasebreaks.com Thanks for watching


My name is Jeffrey Labovitz, I'm the regional director for East and the Horn of Africa for the International Organization for Migration and I'm here in Accra Ghana for a conference which is supported by the European Union for remittances. The remittances are very important in sub-Saharan Africa. About 38 billion dollars, a lot of money, are sent home every year by Africans who are running abroad. However, it's one of the highest remittance corridors in the whole world, which means that the cost for sending back money is higher than in Africa than many other places in the world. In the last decade, there's been progress, it's been reduced by two and a half percent to about 9.4 percent, but that's still an extremely high cost for people who are working very, very hard in sending back generally very small sums of money. And ultimately, remittances are the story of people and people who should keep their wages, who are sending money home, who are working to stabilize their communities and their families. Coming together with a whole bunch of different partners from civic society, NGOs, the United Nations and banking institutions, we're looking at ways where we can meet the Millennium Development Goals, goals to reduce remittances to around 3 percent and we have a long way to go. We also have the Global Compact on Migration, which has 23 recommendations and recommendation number 20 is to reduce remittance costs and that's what we're here to do.


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open a convertible Dell Latitude 1470 430 and what's inside of it. To access this notebook's internals, you need to undo 8 captive Philips head screws. Then, pry the bottom panel with a plastic tool, preferably starting from the top. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Our device comes equipped with the larger 58Wh battery pack. It lasts for 12 hours and 30 minutes of web browsing, or more than 8 hours of video playback. To remove it, unplug the battery connector, and undo all 3 captive Philips head screws. Here, the memory is soldered to the motherboard. The maximum supported size is 32GB of DDR4 memory for the 15W processors, and LPDDR5 RAM for the 28W ones. Storage wise, there is 1 M.2 PCIe X4 slot, which fits Gen4 drives. You need to remove the special door to access the SSD on this device. This laptop is cooled by a single heat pipe, a side mounted heat sink, and a fan. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.


What is it like to rob a bank?  Just think of like the most anxious anxiety-ridden moment of your life and then times that about about a hundred. And what's weird is sitting here telling you now, I can't imagine going to do that now because my life is so different. But 20 years ago, I was a much different person and very crazy and wild and at the time it sounded like a solution to some problems and turned out not so much. Everyone goes through pretty profound changes between the ages of 20 and 40. Like 20 when I committed the crimes. 40, I'm now dad, husband. And if we know that, we know that people make profound changes. Why do we think prisoners can't?


Hi, I'm Sandy Olak and today's video is brought to you by Request from a few of you. You wanted to see what browns I have in my collection for coloring animals, so I'm going to do a bunny today and These are the browns that I have that are non-quinacridones. The quinacridones are Synthetic colors, so they don't granulate and these do granulate. We some of them do granulate. The raw Sienna is one that is the equivalent of quin gold, but the quinacridone gold does not granulate. So I recommend the ones that do, the ones that are more natural colors because they're gonna look a little more like Burr that sort of thing. I'm gonna have that little chart on my blog if you want to see it again because I know it flew by quickly. I'm starting with the yellow ochre and I'm just gonna paint the whole bunny with a flat wash, which means I've filled my brush so that it has the same amount of pigment to water ratio in the entire brush. When you're trying to do a flat wash and you want it really even, if you have water inside the fat part of the brush and the paint is only on the tip, you're going to end up if you lay that brush down, squishing water out into your paint and that's what causes blooms. So if you've ever had all of a sudden you have this area that's not blending, it's not flat because it's got a big splooge of water in it, that's why. So you just want to fill your brush the same way as I'm doing here. I've got some good hefty quantity of pigment of the raw umber and I'm gonna do the drop shadow or the cast shadow, shall I say, underneath of the rabbit and I'm careful not to touch it because the paint on the rabbit is still wet. But I'm going to stretch it out because shadows underneath of things tend to just kind of have points on either side. But I want to pull the color out some.  It's a thirsty brush.  But anyway, I'm softening out the color at the bottom so that it blends out. And if you end up with a bloom because you're adding water to it and just go over it again and pull that color around, you can control the amount of water in your brush. If you're using an aqua brush, it's a little harder to control that, but on a regular brush, it's not so bad. So I'm using the silver brushes from the Silver Brush Company, the Black Velvet Line, my favorite. And here I'm using a little bit of Coenacridone Rose, which is a color many of you have because you have that set of six essentials from Daniel Smith. And I like that as a nice little pink color. And I'm using the Thirsty Brush idea again to take out some of the pink in the bottom part of the bunny's ears. And then I added another little dollop of paint there so that the rose would be a little, or the little poppy that he's holding, would be a little bit denser in color. So now I'm going to take the Burnt Sienna and I'm going to add a drop shadow here. I keep saying drop shadow. I'm not sure why I keep doing that. Adding a shadow on the left side and then around the bottom. Now that's pretty hefty paint I've got going on there. So I want to take my Rossiena. Again, this is loaded really heavily in the brush.  So that I'm not going to be pushing water out on there. And by the way, I did dry this really well before I started putting on that dark color and this layer. If you did that while it was damp, you could end up having all kinds of messes. So you don't want to do that while it's damp. So I'm trying to soften the edges so that as they start drying, I don't have hard spots. And I'm just keeping an eyeball on the face because there's some spots on there that aren't working out exactly as I wanted them to. So I was going to have to do some repair. I knew that. But I'm letting it dry back a little bit because I wanted it to settle in. Sometimes it'll settle in better than you think. And other times it'll settle in worse. So I just keep my keep one eye on that while I'm painting another area just to see what's going on and what I'm going to have to go back and fix. Now here I touched the wet area above. So I had to kind of soften that out. I took my thirsty brush again, clean that brush out. And I'm just going to try to pull some color around and see if I can smooth some of that out. Because I didn't do a super great job of it when I put the color down. But with watercolor you can repair some of that. It's just a matter of knowing your technique. Now down here I got a little bit of blooming. I must have had more water in that brush than I thought I did. So I was trying to add more dark to that bunny's body so it will match the darkness on the head and be about the same level of intensity of color. So I'm just dabbing some of that extra dark color in there. And then I wanted the ears to be very dark on the tips and then lighten up as they got toward the top. So I'm using the same combination of colors and blending that color upward. Now if you're doing, making your own colors, if you're mixing your own colors from your red, yellow and blue, you want to mix up a really good quantity of all these browns at the same time. You want to mix up the equivalence of each one of these colors. That's one reason why if you may want, if there's colors you use all the time, if you do a lot of animals, you may want to buy a couple of browns so that you have them available to yourself. If you do a lot of flowers, you may want to have a couple flower colors that are available to you in the tube straight out of it. So here I'm not really mixing colors together. I'm trying to use them straight up just so you can see what they look like. But for the most part you can mix any one of these but you want to mix up enough to do the whole thing. Now here I decided I was really going to go for it and I was going to add a lot of shadow because it was just, it was too harsh of a change and I went back in, dried my brush out and I'm using a thirsty brush to pull off paint from that edge so I soften it and again I'm trying to move color around. This is a dry brush where I'm just pushing color around because I had a little bit of a puddle of paint and I had the availability since it's still wet and stuff I could move it around. If you wait until it's damp it's harder to repair but as long as it was good and wet, which you know this stayed really wet on this arches rough paper, then I was still able to do a little bit of fixing of it. So there's our little bunny. Hey sunshine just left it very simple on the card because I thought that would be a really great way to feature all that hard work that I put into the painting and it looks just like, I think Stacey Echola should do children's books. I think that would be so sweet with her style of drawing. I think they're so cute. So here's a couple more videos if you want to see more on the Daniel Smith paints.  They're really good quality and the one on the right links you to the playlist that has all of my Daniel Smith stuff from Ellen Hudson. I'm doing weekly watercolor tips over there so you can check out that playlist and get lots more education about watercolor. Be sure to subscribe, hit the like button and I'll see you guys next time. Bye-bye.


kind of shared Course in America's groups this idea that kind of like 12 steps, you know, everyone goes around I'm a name of so-and-so and I'm an alcoholic kind of an admission kind of thing But I've said that you could go around a course group and say, I my name is so-and-so and I have a perceptual problem Hello, and you get the next one. I my name is so-and-so. I have a perceptual problem because it takes a lot of reinforcement to continually remind your mind that you have a perceptual problem instead of a financial problem, a relationship problem, a health health of the body problem, you know, all of the many problems that seem to be in this world that seem very real are really all perceptual problems, and I was sharing last night. First of all, to be seeing a world that doesn't even exist that's kind of like going into a desert and having a mirage or hallucinating. Hallucinations are a problem But then beyond the hallucinations, when you start to divide the hallucinations up into good hallucinations and bad hallucinations, and in different hallucinations You can see this is where the ego is getting in there. It's very distorted.  Okay, come in, Dan. For a real punishment, big punishment, and it's kind of like to mitigate that punishment No, let me do it. I'll do it to myself Just don't do it to me.  We're in love with everyone That's why he said love thy neighbor as thyself Love the Lord thy God with all the heart soul in mind. So Now dreams is an interesting topic though because a lot of when you get into younging in psychology and a lot of different Psychologies you get into the same called dream interpretation. It's maybe no different than going to see your psychic or your astrologer, you know When you when you start wanting to specifically figure things out and I would say you don't really want to get So much into dream interpretation But what you do want to get in is opening to the Holy Spirit to interpret your dreams And that's what you're talking about. I think it's what the symbols be used to open your mind and to clarify things and bring healing And that's why you know when people say well so and so this was green and that means envy You know dream interpretation can get quite specific as far as colors and and symbols what they mean I would all tell people pay attention to your feelings While you're dreaming tell your mind I'm not going to get caught up into the specifics of the dream, but if I'm upset Then there's an interpretation that's going on in my dreams That is not helpful because I don't want to be upset. I want to be happy and peaceful So you would apply the same mind training that you do during the so-called daily life Activity with your mind at night and you might just have a little prayer to the Holy Spirit before you go to sleep help me to be aware of my feelings and And help me to start to be willing for a mind change Even when I'm dreaming at night. I can have a mind change. I can see things differently You can practice with nighttime dreams as well as daytime dreams And then I would say it can break through both into what I would call lucid dreaming and psychology in the last couple decades we've had this new branch of psychology called lucid dreaming Which is simply being aware that you're dreaming And that's very empowering Especially when there's a monster that seems to be chasing you and all of a sudden You're back in the observer position That body's not really me and that monster It can get the body, but it can't get me. I'm the dreamer You know, that's kind of an elusive state of being aware that you're dreaming And that's what a course in miracles is aiming at. That's what the real world is. It's simply awareness of dreaming Because if you're the dreamer, let the dream figures be as vicious as they want They can't harm you If mommy's you're in the position of knowing that you're dreaming them and And that takes a lot of mind training to start to feel that way because typically the human experience is you're so identified with the figure the body That you're extremely frightened and feel a lot of guilt in relationship to those other bodies So gently you come back. Jeffery's going to be doing a workshop called the dreamer of the dream workshop So you guys can invite him to come down and they'll Take you in step by step Into the mind it's going to be map of the mind is the first part of the workshop about you Remains as radiant as a star as pure as light and as innocent as love itself Thank you When you meet anyone remember it is a holy encounter As you see him, you will see yourself as you treat him you will treat yourself As you think of him, you will think of yourself Never forget this For in him, you will find yourself or lose yourself That was well, of course When you want only love you will see nothing else Possible that this mission fail What page is that? Text 249 and text 267 So you read it again God gave the Holy Spirit to you and gave him the mission to remove all doubts And every trace of guilt that his dear son has laid upon himself It is impossible That this mission fail Hmm Afford to laugh at ear thoughts remembering that God goes with you Thank you for letting us know Actually, I like it very much How lovely is the world whose purpose is forgiveness of God's son How free from fear how filled with blessing and with happiness How lovely is the world whose Purpose is forgiveness of God's son How free from fear how filled with blessing and with happiness Look only at yourself. You cannot find yourself because that is not what you are If you look only at yourself, you cannot find yourself because that is not what Bliss of seeing love and everyone I'll help you every glimpse here, Mary now my eyes are yours Thank you. Welcome


Igor Mogulov from the Russian Federation, deputy foreign minister, thank you for being with WPC-TV. A quick question, what is the solution to the Ukraine crisis? Okay, thank you for asking me this question. The solution to the Ukrainian crisis would be establishing all-encompassing dialogue within this country, within Ukraine, between central authorities and all regions of the country, including south-eastern regions of Ukraine. And also all political forces. So my answer would be comprehensive, all-encompassing dialogue, as it is stipulated by Minsk arrangements that were reached by parties concerned. But there seems to be, to me, to be an absolute lack of trust by the West about Russia. And how do you resolve that problem? The problem of trust is a problem which is not easy to resolve, obviously. And I agree with you that there is lack of trust. And my recommendation would be to fulfill your own obligation. I mean, by the UK and Russia are both guarantors of Ukraine's coherence as a state. UK? Yeah, I think UK, didn't you say? No, no, no, UK. You know, there were, when the previous President Yanukovych was in office in the end of February, and he signed an agreement with the opposition leaders. There were three guarantors of this agreement, and they were foreign ministers of France, Poland and Germany. There was no UK there. So, on the next day of that agreement, there was coup d'etat in Kiev. And those guarantors did nothing to guarantee what they were supposed to do. And again, if you're asking me about trust, my answer would be you should stick to your obligations, and you should fulfill those obligations. And one of the points of that agreement on February 21 was the forming the government of national unity and constitutional reform in Ukraine. Nothing of this was done up to today. Are you encouraged with Poroshenko? In what sense? In the sense that he's a different personality at the top of the Ukrainian government. Poroshenko is elected president of this country, so we're communicating with him as a member of, as a leader of our neighboring country. It's not a matter of encouragement or discouragement. One last question, very briefly. Richard Haas, I think, just talked about a Monroe Doctrine being pursued by Russia and by China, a new Monroe Doctrine. Do you object to that? I object to that. I believe that my Chinese colleague commented on this very rightly, that Mr. Haas is mixing different centuries. We are now in the 21st century. Globalized for world and isolation is absolutely not possible. Like I said in my presentation during these panel discussions, we are living in the period of serious transformation in global, in the world politics and in the global system of international relations. The unipolar world goes to history and there is no reason to doubt this. So we are witnessing the forming of a new multipolar system of global relations. And in that sense, there could be no Monroe Doctrines in this new multipolar arrangement. Thank you very much. Thank you.