I'm Vernelia Randall, Professor Vian at Vernelia Randall with the Union Professor Emeritus from the University of Dayton School of Law. I want to talk today real briefly about why precedents shouldn't be a winning argument, mainly why we should black people and people from other oppressed groups should not make precedents an argument in abortion rights. This is not about arguing whether abortion should be legal or illegal. This is about arguing that we don't want to privilege precedent as a way of winning the argument. So precedent basically is the rule that when a judge is confronted with law from the previous cases, that they have to use that law from the previous cases in deciding the current cases unless they decide to overrule the case or distinguish the precedent. So it's based on the concept of star decisis which like cases are decided to like and higher courts are buying lower courts decision. The idea of precedent, so when we talk about higher courts binding lower courts in the same jurisdiction, what we mean is that within the state system, the state court appeals and the state supreme court bounds the state court. The supreme court of the United States only bounds state court when you're dealing with United States constitutional issues in United States federal law. If those issues are not implicated in a court decision, then the state, the supreme court of the United States doesn't bound the state supreme court. The state supreme court becomes the highest court within the state system on something that is uniquely state law. In the federal system, your trial courts is the U.S. district courts in the U.S. district courts are bound by the U.S. court of appeals. And then of course the supreme court binds the U.S. court of appeals and the U.S. district courts when those courts deal with constitutional law or federal law. Now there's our law in our case comes from three places, four places. You have this constitution, constitution of the United States in the state constitution. You have laws, statutes that are passed by the federal government and by the state. You have regulations that are adopted by agencies under the authority of the state and then you have court decisions on individual cases. Court decisions are is where the issue of a precedent comes in. The problem I have with precedent and arguing precedent is that the whole American legal system is an English based system that was designed to protect existing power structure is designed to be slow, is designed to have incremental small changes, is designed to constantly refer back to previous laws for making new laws. It implies that the legal decision making is objective. What can be more objective than saying that there was another case that's already been decided and that that controls the decision making in this particular instance? It implies neutrality. The judge is not making a decision on their own value system. They're making a decision that is a neutral decision based on previous body of work of a law and it implies that this is something a scientific and rational approach. One plus one equals two is there a case that's on point then it controls and this how more scientific and rational it be. The problem is of course that law is contextual. All law is context. Even when they talk about the you have some people who want to apply the law, want to apply the Constitution as the way it was meant to be interpreted when it was constructed. Well that was contextual and that is the clearance evidence of maintenance of a white privileged male hierarchy system because the Constitution and everything in it was designed to privilege white male landowners. Law is decision making and law is subjective. Every decision is the result of a choice between values. The more we cover that choice up in what looks to be like objective decision making, the less likely we will be to confront the underlying values that we are being asked to choose between. And finally, the precedent, the problem with precedent is that whether or not you even have precedent is affected by your access to the legal system and the quality of the lawyers that you get. I am not talking about whether or not you graduated from Yale or University of Dayton. I don't believe that. That's another discussion. I'm talking about that there is a wide range of legal analytical ability, creative analytical ability and that whether or not a person can argue for creative reasons for why a case should be overturned varies among the lawyers and so that precedent is affected by having those different quality of lawyers. The advantage of precedent as a concept is that it provides some level of certainty. Find a case on point, discussion stops, analysis stops. The argument is don't overrule the law because you have a case. We know what to expect from the law and how it's likely to be applied in our case by looking at the cases and knowing that the precedent will be applied. It provides consistency among similar cases so that you don't get a case in one jurisdiction and one court in the same jurisdiction handling a case one way and a different court in the same jurisdiction handling the case differently. Precedent allows you to provide some consistency. I prove that fairness in parenthesis, a number of the sources that I looked at talked about fairness as a reason for as an advantage although I personally don't like fairness as an idea and concept. One person's fairness is always an alternative to the person who doesn't agree with the outcome. The outcome is unfair and so I find the fairness argument to be something that I tend to try to avoid but many of the authors that I read talked about it's just an affair to have similar cases decided in the same way. Precision, principles of law are set in actual cases and so to that extent the law can become very precise and not theoretical. Flexibility, because courts can supreme court, state supreme court and state supreme court and federal supreme court can overrule cases then you have there are there's some flexibility and time saving where a principle has been established cases that have similar facts and not likely to go through the lengthy process of litigation and so you have this advantage by using precedent. The disadvantage is the rigidity. We see that in our society in a lot of places in our society where principles don't correspond to the changing circumstances. You have inflexible law, bad decisions get perpetuated because of precedent. As a black person, we have to coming from slavery and segregation in all of the cases, bad case law against us. We needed the courts to step in and overturn it and not just go along with it because it was precedent. It has some complexity to it. There's a half a million cases. It's not easy to find a relevant case law. You get these long judgments with no clear distinction between comments and the reasons for the decision. Illogical distinctions in the OE2. To get out of a precedent you have to distinguish the case a case and what you see is people. The difference between some cases can be very small and can be illogical. Maybe the biggest issue is the slowness of growth and change in society. Precedent handicaps of society from being responsive to different value systems, changing interests. I believe that instead of arguing precedent, we should argue the put our whole basis for our argument in the continuing value of a law or the need for a law. I think there can be a three-part standard. This is something that I've just been working on. It's clearly open for discussion. There may be other parts. To start off with, in a society that has large groups of people that have been disadvantaged by the law and by the society, before we make any change in any rule, we need to ask whether that rule or change in rule will have a disproportionately negative disadvantage on a protected class. I believe that race, gender, color, religion, age, disability.  Again, we would accept in areas of affirmative action or remedial correction. Remedial correction is the terminology used by the international treaty on elimination of all forms of racial discrimination to say that it is not racial discrimination to undertake action that has a disproportionate negative impact on the dominant group if that action is undertaken to correct a problem. And so I think that we should have that as a factor too. So it would not be reverse discrimination to undertake a rule of change that disproportionately negatively impacts white men in order to correct employment problems that black men have undergone. Does the rule of change in rule isn't necessary to protect the interests of an individual? So the first rule is about protecting the interests of a group. The second rule is about making sure that the individual is not lost in this group discussion. So that individuals have their right protected as well. And then the final factor would be is the change or rule or change in rule necessary for the just, fair and equitable operation of the society. It seems to me that abortion rights people should make your argument along these three fact instead of arguing precedent, they should argue these three fact does changing abortion rights disproportionately disadvantage a protected class. Does changing abortion rights affect the rights and interests of the individual? Does changing abortion rights impact whether or not we will have a just fair and equitable society? For instance, will more abortion be available, but only available to people with a certain amount of money, which would make our society unjust, unfair and unequal. Okay, I, I'm happy to discuss this further on Facebook. You can email me you can go to my website racism.org you can go to Facebook. You can tweet me on Twitter. If you have something I want to try to do little synopsis like this on race and the law. And if you have a question that you'd like to see me discuss, please email it to me. Have a good day.


The Cube presents HPE Discover 2022, brought to you by HPE. Welcome back to the Venetian Convention Center. You're watching the Cube's coverage of HPE Discover 2022, the first discover live discover in three years, 2019 was the last one. The Cube, we were just talking about this, has been at HPE Discover now HPE since 2011, my co-host John Furrier. We're pleased to welcome Phil Matrim, who's the executive vice president and general manager of HPE Aruba. And he's joined by David Hughes, the chief product and technology officer at HPE Aruba. Gentlemen, welcome to the Cube. Good to see you, thank you. Thank you. Okay, so you guys talk a lot, Phil, about the intelligent edge. Yeah. What do you mean by that? Yeah, so we're kind of focused on is providing technology to customers that sits out at the edge. And typically the edge would be any location out of the data center or out of the cloud. So for the most part, our customers would deploy our technology either in their office premises or maybe retail premises, shops, maybe deploying out of the home where their employees are on a factory floor. We're really talking about technology to connect both people and devices back to systems and technology throughout an organization. So sometimes I call it the near edge and the far edge. The near edge maybe is we saw Home Depot up on the stage yesterday. Far edge is like space, right? You're including all that, right? That's the deep edge. Yeah, and actually we've got a broad range of technology that actually works within the data center as well. So what we're focused on is providing network technology, software and services. And for the most part, our heritage is at the edge, but it's more pervasive than that. So if you have the edge, you've got connectivity and power. That's an edge. How much is the physical world being connected now? You're seeing robotics, automation and with machine learning specifically in compute, really driving a new acceleration at the edge. How do you guys view that? What's your reaction? Yeah, I think, look, I think as connectivity is improving and that's both in terms of Wi-Fi connectivity. So Wi-Fi technology continues to advance and also you've got this new kind of private 5G area. Just generally connectivity is becoming more pervasive and that's helping some industries that haven't previously embraced it. And I think industrial is one of the big ones. So historically it was difficult for kind of car manufacturers to really enable a factory floor, but now the connectivity is better. That gives them the opportunity to be able to really change how they do things. So David, if you take an outside in view and when you talk to customers, what are they telling you and how is that informing your product strategy? Yeah, well, I think there's several themes we hear. One is it's really important to better work from anywhere. They want to enable their employees to get the same experience whether they're at home or on the road or in the branch office or at headquarters. People are also concerned that as they deploy all of this IoT in pursuit of digital transformation, they don't want those devices to be a weak point where someone breaks into one device to move laterally across the network. So they want to have this great experience for their customers and their users, but they want to make sure that they're not compromising security in any way. And so it's about getting that balance between ease of use and security. That's one of the primary things we hear. You know, Dave, one of the things we talked about many, many years ago was when hybrid and was starting to come out, the multi-cloud was on the table early on, we were saying, hey, the data center is just a big edge. Right, I mean, if you have cloud operations and you see what's going on with GreenLake here, now the momentum, hybrid cloud is cloud operations, right? An edge off data centers to a big edge and on-premises and you got the edge. As you have cloud operas like, say, GreenLake plugging in partners and diverse environments, you're connecting not just branch offices that are perimeter-based, you have no perimeter, and you have now other companies connecting. So you got data and you got network. How do you guys see that transition as GreenLake has a very big ecosystem part of it, partners and whatnot? Yeah, so I think for us, the ecosystem of partners that we have is critical in terms of delivering what our customers need. And I think one of the really important areas is around verticals. So when you think about different verticals, they have similar problems, but you need to tailor the solutions to each of those. We're talking a bit about devices and people. When you look at, say, a healthcare environment, there can be 30 devices there for each patient. And so there's connecting all those devices securely, but we are partners that will help pull all of that together that may be focused on medical environment. They may be focused on stadiums. They may be focused on industrial. So having partners that understand those verticals and working closely with them to deliver solutions is important in our go-to market. So another kind of product question and related to what you just said, David, I got connectivity, speed, reliability, cost, security, or maybe I'm missing something, but you said earlier, you're going to get a balance those. How do you do that? And do you do that for the specific use cases? Like for instance, you just mentioned stadiums, maybe one, and how do you balance those? And do you tailor those for the use cases? Yeah, well, I think it depends on the customer and different people have different views about where they need to be. So some people are so afraid about security, they want to be air-gapped and completely separate than the internet. That would be one extreme. Other people look at it and see what's happened with COVID, with everyone working from home, with people being able to work from Starbucks or the airport, and they're beginning to think, why is the branch that much different? And so what I think we are seeing is a reevaluation of how people connect to the apps they're using. And you've probably for sure heard people talking about zero trust, talking about micro segmentation. I think what we see is that people want to be able to build a network in a way where rather than any device being able to talk to any device or any person, which is where the internet started, we want to be able to build networks where people or devices can only talk to the destinations that are necessary for them to do their job. And so a lot of the technology that we are building into the network is really about making security and transit by limiting what can talk to what. That's actually micro segmentation, zero trust. These all point to a modern, the modern network. As you say, and Antonio Neary was just on theCUBE talking about programmability, substrate, the words like that come to mind. What is the modern network look like?  You have to be programmable. You have to have security. Can you describe in your words, what is the modern network these days need to look like? How should customers think about architecting them? What are some of the table stakes and what are some of the differentiators that customers need to do to have a modern network? Yeah, well, you covered off a few important ones there with security and so on. Let me pick one that you didn't mention. I think we are seeing a lot of interest around network as a service. And when we think about network as a service, we think about it broadly. For consumers, we're getting more and more used to buying things as a service versus buying a thing. When you get Alexa, you care about how well she answers your questions. You don't care about what CPU is or how much RAM Alexa has. And likewise with networking, people are caring about the outcomes of keeping their employees connected, keeping their devices and systems running. And so for us, what NAS is all about is that shift of thinking about a network as being a collection of devices that get managed to being a framework for connectivity and running it from the point of view of those outcomes. And so whether it's about CAPEX versus OPEX or about do it yourself, managing the network yourself versus outsourcing that. Or it's about the Greenfield versus Brownfield. Each of our customers has got a different starting point, but they're all getting heading towards this destination of being able to treat the network as a service. And so that is a key area of innovation for us. And whether it's big customers like Home Depot that you heard about yesterday, where we kind of manage everything for them on a store basis for connectivity. Or the recent SKU-based NAS that we launched, which is a really scalable foundation for our partners to build NAS offerings around. We see this as a key part of network modernization. Yeah, and one of the things, again, that's great stuff. Infrastructure as code, which was really kind of pioneered the DevOps movement in cloud kind of as a platform level. And you got data ops now in AI at the top of the stack. We were always wondering when network as code was going to come. And where you actually have it, it's programmable. We all know what policies do. That's all great. Network as code, and that's the concept. That's like DevOps. It's like, make it work. Just seamlessly, just be always on and smart. People are always looking for the easy button. And so they want things to operate easily. They want it to be easy to manage. And I actually think there's a little bit of a conflict between network as code and the easy button, right? So it depends on the class of customers. Some customers, like financials, for instance, have huge software development organizations that are extremely capable that can go with programmability that want things as code. But the majority of the verticals that we deal with don't have those big captive software organizations. And so they're really looking for automation and simplicity. And they want to outsource that problem. So in Aruba Central, we have invested a lot to make it really easy for our customers to get what they need. You know, is that movement of zero code? It's more like zero code. They want something packaged. Now, the headless networks. Low code, no code kind of. Yeah, that's right. And obviously for people that have the sophistication that want to do the most advanced things, we have APIs, and so we support that kind of programmable way of doing things. But I'd say that those are more specialized customers. So, Phil, is that the strategy? I mean, David listed off a number of factors here. Is that Aruba's strategy to modernize networks, to actually create the easy button through network as a service, as simple as dial tone? Is that how we should do it? I mean, the way I think about the strategy is, I think about it as a triangle, really. Along the bottom, we've got the products and services that we offer, and we continue to add more products and services. We either buy companies such as Silver Peak a couple of years ago, or we build additional products. And by the way, that's in response to customers who are frustrated with some other suppliers and want to move en masse over to companies like ourselves. So at the bottom layer, you have the products and services, and then the other side of the triangle, one would be NAS, which we talked about, which is kind of moved to buying network as a service. And then the other side of the triangle is the platform, which for us is Aruba Central, which is part of HP GreenLake. And that's really all about, you know, kind of making it easy for customers to manage networks. And Aruba Central right now has got about 120,000 live customers on it. It connects to about 2 million devices, and it's collecting a lot of data as well. So we anonymously collect data from all of our customers. We've got one and a half billion data points in the platform. And what we do is we let that data kind of look for anomalies and spot problems on the network before they happen for customers. So Aruba Central predated GreenLake. GreenLake. Yeah. And so did you write to GreenLake through GreenLake APIs? What was the engineering work to accomplish that? Yeah, so really, Aruba Central is kind of the genesis of the GreenLake platform. So we took Aruba Central and made it more generic to build the GreenLake cloud platform. And, you know, what we've done very recently is bring Aruba into that unified infrastructure along with storage and compute. So the same sign-on applies across all of HP's products, the same way of managing licenses, managing devices. And so it provides us a great foundation going forwards to solve more comprehensively our customers' automation requirements. So just quick follow-up. So Aruba actually was the main spring of GreenLake from the standpoint of, okay, like you said, single sign-on, a platform that could evolve and become more generic.  Yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Aruba taking over HP. He said, well, it's like a global product. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. There's been a lot of work to, you know, make it generic and widely applicable. Right, yeah. Because you were purpose-built for... Yeah, well, it's foundational. Yes. So foundational for GreenLake, they build on top of it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Phil, you mentioned the data points, billions of data points. So I got to ask you, because we're seeing this more and more with machine learning driving a lot of acceleration because you can do simulations with machine learning and compute. We had Neil McDonnell done earlier. He's a compute guy, you've got networking. So with all these services and devices being put on and off the network, humans can't actually figure this out. You can discover what's on the network. How are you guys viewing the discovery and monitoring because there's no perimeter okay on the network anymore? So I want to know what's out there. How do you get through it? How does machine learning and AI play into this? Yeah, I mean, what we're trying to do is obviously flag trends for customers and say, hey, look, you know, we can either see something happening with your network. So there's a particular issue over here and we need to, I don't know, free up more capacity to solve that. Or we're looking at how their network is running and then comparing that with anonymized data from all of our other customers as well. So we're just helping find those problems. But yeah, you're right. I mean, I think it is becoming more of an issue for organizations. You know, how do you manage the network? But you see machine learning and AI playing a big part. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I think AI massively. And other technology advances as well that we make. So recently we also announced the availability of location awareness within our access points. And that might sound like a simple thing, but when companies build out their networks, they often lose, or they potentially could lose the records as to, well, where were the access points that we laid out? And actually, where are they? Not within, you know, 20 feet, but where actually are they? So we introduced kind of location finding technology as well into our access points to make it easy for customers. So Aruba, one of the best, if not the best acquisition, I think that HPE has made. It's made by, three par was, you know, it saved the storage business. Okay, that was more of a defensive play. But to see Aruba, it's a growth business. You guys report on it every quarter. It's obviously a key ingredient to enable GreenLake. And that's another example. Nimble was similar, much smaller, sort of more narrow, but taking the AI ops piece and bringing it over. So it was great to see HPE executing on some of its M&A as opposed to just leaving them alone and not really leveraging them. So guys, really appreciate you guys coming on and explaining that, congratulations on all the great work and thanks for coming on theCUBE. Okay, thank you guys. Yeah, thanks for having us. All right, John and I will be back right after this short break. You're watching theCUBE, the leader in enterprise tech coverage from HPE Las Vegas 2022. We'll be right back.


Okay, we're back. We're live. We're here in global connections with Carlos Juarez who joins us from San Antonio, Texas this time. And today we're going to talk about, you know, the transformation, the coronavirus transformation. It has begun. And it's becoming very clear. Hi, Carlos. Nice to see you. Hello, hey, good to say hello. I'm now on the mainland of the US, of course. But as you well know, I've done another show or two in the past from San Antonio. This is a very Mexican town as well. And very well connected to Mexico, two hour short hop. So And it's a beautiful town. So totally beautiful. I have friends that live there as well. So, you know, what's on your mind first? We have the India trip, and we have the Trump reaction, if you will, to the coronavirus. Where do you want to start? Yeah, maybe just opening some quick remarks on the India, you know, Donald Trump just had a state visit and had an opportunity to in many ways return the visit. I think it was a year and a half ago when Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Houston, Texas, and he was received there in a massive rally at a big stadium as well. And almost in a curious way, like a rock star. And now Trump returning there goes to this massive, largest cricket stadium in India, 100,000 people.  They, you know, they even had, they were wearing 100,000 hats that said Namaste Trump on it. And, and so he meets with Modi and, you know, nothing huge and substantive. I heard at the end that, well, there's a $5 billion dollar arms sale. You know, it's five billion is a lot of money. But in terms of arms, it's really a drop in the bucket. I mean, you know, but it was more symbolic. I think they're buying some helicopters. But, you know, more to the point, I mean, these are two leaders, curiously, that have established a very, you know, sort of their own bromance. They're both populist, you know, strong national hyper nationalist leaders. You know, Modi's been in power more years by now. But, you know, he's got they share some common things, particularly a very strong anti Muslim sentiment. In the case of Modi, he's been pushing various policies, a very controversial, recent law that has allowing refugees to become citizens, however, not Muslims.  So it's the largest population of Muslims outside of, I think, Indonesia, one exception. But that aside, I think, you know, it just underscores how interesting, you know, leaders do develop these personal relations on the one hand, may not be a lot of substance going on between them because, you know, the US and India, while their relations have improved, there's not a great deal of, you know, trade and commerce. There's not a lot of military exchange, although we heard again this announcement of a brief, or at least a modest amount of sales. But I think other than that, you know, again, India certainly has an important emerging power and as a buffer and balance to India in that region. Any US president, you know, should be reaching out to somehow accommodate that. And then again, the thing about India, while it may not have the hard power that we might see in Russia or China, it does have a very substantial soft power. And it has a very large diaspora community, both the US, the UK, and they play a very important role in helping promote India's image. So the soft power of India is interesting. And then it's always a paradox because here's, you know, the largest democracy by any measure, it is a democratic society, and yet mixed in with it violence. And even as Trump was there, there were, you know, a number of people who were killed in some of this, you know, rioting. Did that have anything to do with him? Did that have anything to do with his presence? No, not really. No, it was really, again, more protesting against, well, I shouldn't say protesting. Most of the victims were Muslims, most of those carrying out the crimes appeared in these, you know, Hindu nationalists who support him. So it has more to do with this recent controversial law that I've mentioned that is now allowing refugees to become citizens, however, excluding Muslims. And so there's, you know, real tensions there. But I underscore, because again, it's this paradox of India, it is the largest democracy, certainly, and yet it continues to have a fractal, subtle violence on a regular basis, usually Hindu Muslim violence. And of course, Modi himself has some baggage in his past before he was Prime Minister, he was the, you know, the first, or the, you know, Chief Minister for the state of Gujarat, one of the most important states there in Western India. And in about 2003, I think it was, there was a massive, massive amount of violence. There was an incident that I think up to a thousand, mostly Muslim were killed.  Many felt that he kind of fueled the flames and he took a lot of heat for it, but he was in fact able to come out ahead and, you know, again, given the solid majority of Hindus and many themselves who are firmly anti-Muslim, elected him, Prime Minister, re-elected him. So, yeah, I just said, you know. Is he popular now, Carlos? Is he popular now? And did the Trump visit help his popularity? I would say yes, in general. Again, partly because it's the theatrics that, you know, he puts on a big show and by most measures he is. He's a very popular, you know, leader, you know, popular with the majority, of course, not among the large Muslim population, and maybe those who would like to see less of this hypernationalism. As you know, I was there for about six months. Two years ago I came back from having spent the fall semester there. I was a Fulbright scholar and, you know, I began to see a lot of examples of this nationalism. For example, now when you go to any movie theater in India, it always starts with a national anthem and everybody is required to stand up. And I used to do that at the beginning. And then at some point I just got tired of it. It's like, well, this is not my national anthem. I don't have to do this. And it was my own kind of little protest at the movie theater. But after going to so many movies there, you know, I began to sing the song and I got to know the national anthem quite well. But that was just a funny example of which, you know, that didn't happen before, but it's a way of trying to, I don't know, I guess promote a certain sense of national pride. But it's more when you see these policies that are explicitly anti-Muslim, that begins to get a little more, well, discriminatory and, well, maybe not racist, but certainly, you know, targeting this. And it goes against really the ideals of India when it was founded in 1947, you know, Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, all the top leaders very much fostered a secular, you know, tolerance, you know, inviting all the major groups, particularly again, the large Muslim community. As you know, the story there, the split that occurred in 1947 between Pakistan and India, of course, led to a massive, massive migration of, you know, Muslims out of India, Pakistan, and then Hindus from Pakistan into, and that migration resulted in millions being killed. It was a horrific experience. And those tensions have remained ever since, since 1947, the creation. But I go back to this, I think, you know, in the early days, the leaders, the founders of modern India very much sought to create a secular society, let's say. I mean, multi religious, I guess. And now what we've seen under Modi these last five, six years is very aggressive, you know, Hindu nationalism, the party that he comes from. Well, it sounds like there's a dynamic that Modi sends. What is he, two years in office now? More than that. At least four or five by now. He's been elected already. So he's changed, right? There's a dynamic going on with him. Could you articulate how that's working? Well, if anything, I think now he's gotten more confident. He's been able to push more aggressively on some of that. It's always been there. He's always been a very strong, you know, nationalist Hindu, Hindu nationalist, we would say.  And so I guess I want to say he does have popular support. He's not unpopular and it's not quite the polarized society that we might see in the US or in many other countries that is divided down the middle. It is basically this small but significant minority of Muslims who are, let's say, the ones that are, I guess, the targets of many of his policies. Well, that considers Carlos, it sounds like he's a perfect object of affection for Trump. Yes, yes, absolutely. And that part of it motivated, maybe a large part of it motivated Trump's trip over there. But you know, one thing that strikes me, and this is, you know, the second subject for us to discuss is that Trump made that trip. It was a time when we all became increasingly concerned about coronavirus. And when we would have expected a leader of the free world to stay in the White House and work on it, he was off trundling into this love affair in India. And I wonder, you know, I wonder whether Trump could have done a better job. We saw him a day or two ago making a, you know, a statement of policy about what he was going to do and who was going to do what to deal with coronavirus. What do you think about that? How well has he done so far? Well, again, it's a mixed bag. He obviously has sent conflicting signals from what his healthcare professionals have done. And by and large, you know, the public health community is very clear, including the CDC saying, look, this situation is serious and it's likely to get worse before it gets better. And we do need to, you know, be aware of it and be observant. And I think, you know, Trump was like any leader trying to maybe allay concerns and when he sees the stock market as it has been, you know, tanking these last few days, continuing to do so. I think, you know, some critics would say he's more interested in that aspect since his re-election depends on very much an argument that he's made the economy strong and should that change, obviously that begins to erode that. But if you saw the press conference he held yesterday, it was a little, you know, he was again as typical, you know, boasting about things that had nothing to do with the issues there. Putting blame on the media and the Democrats and when this is a time when, you know, the leadership come forward and just reassure the population, make sure we are confident that they're doing the best they can. He has appointed as his czar, of course, Vice President Mike Pence and that itself has raised some, you know, concerns and puzzles given that he named him because he had experienced as governor of Indiana. And yet the story in Indiana is one that has raised questions about the Trump, I'm sorry, Pence's own either capacity or maybe how powerful his own religious views and values are in dealing with something that requires clearly scientific, rational, you know, careful public policy and not, you know, faith and somehow prayer. Well, there was a piece about how at the time of this outbreak of HIV, I think it was, while Pence was the governor of Indiana, he addressed that by turning to prayer, which I don't think qualifies him to deal with a global epidemic, a pandemic like this one, which is only going to be resolved by science. Yeah, I was a little surprised. I mean, on one hand, I think it's the Health and Human Services Secretary Aznar. I mean, he's head of the task force and seems a logical choice. But often, as we've seen over the years here in the US, we like to have a czar or somebody who's, you know, given this title of, you know, whether it's the drugs are for many years.  So there is a critical need for this coordinating role, but also crisis communication. You need to be able to manage, you know, the media in a way that reassures people, provides good information, not mixed signals. And I think in the last few days, we've seen some of the mixed signals that have many questioning, you know, both his knowledge because literally he did not know, for example, the very large number of deaths that occur every year from the influenza, from flu. And, you know, we have the ritual every year, the flu, get your flu shots, why? Well, many people don't realize that. But literally every year, I think I've seen figures 15,000 to 60,000 Americans die of flu every year. So that's, you know, a reality. But here we're dealing now with an issue that takes on both a global dimension because of this, you know, and then a lot of questions and uncertainty still, we don't know a lot about exactly how it's being transmitted. I mean, I can't speak to some of those technical issues, you know, I'm not able to, but what I'm reading and hearing is that, yeah, this is something that by most measures we now have just a few days ago for the first time. We've had more new reported cases outside of China, and it's spreading wildly, you know, even here I think that we had the first one in the US and California. Yesterday, the first in Latin America and Brazil, many European countries beginning to feel that Northern Italy is now coming under quite a bit of tension and many of the cases in Europe are connected to people who have been traveling there, whether on ski or, you know, ski trips or otherwise in this region around Milan where what I'm reading to is that there's just a lot of places that are suddenly being like clamped down. It's centered primarily in Northern Italy, but you know, this is, this is a concern. Let's assume, let's assume that it continues that way. I mean, I think we have every reason to assume that it will continue that way. There are more cases across more borders, more borders being shut down, more quarantines, more governmental action, maybe sometimes overly drastic as in China. And, you know, of course you get economic implications both on a one nation at a time level and on a region level and on a global level. So my question to you, this is really something to look forward or look ahead about is this is ultimately going to have an effect on diplomatic foreign policy geopolitical implications. Isn't it? When you close borders, when you say people can't travel, when you have, you know, syncopated failures in local and global economy, that's got to affect geopolitics. It's got to put some people higher, some people lower. It's got to test our ability to stay peaceful and calm. What do you think is going to happen in that regard? Yeah, well, it's a good question. I mean, right now it's interesting to see how it has been primarily, at least up until now, places like South Korea and many of the European countries. We have not seen it quite yet, maybe take on a significant presence in, let's say, Africa, the African continent, or even much of Latin America. Again, there was a single case in Brazil and I think it was somebody connected to Italy, if I'm not mistaken. But I mentioned that because developing countries in places like Africa or even maybe some parts of Latin America are going to be challenged with the, you know, the maybe weaker infrastructure capacity. And yet the other is that if it is something that is involved with traveling, that's how it's going to spread. But I go back to Africa. This is a place where China itself is deeply, deeply, you know, embedded throughout many of the African countries doing a lot of, you know, infrastructure development and construction and whatnot. And yet what we've also seen, I think what's been taking place, and I mean, getting to your main question, I think as certain countries are beginning to limit restriction of travel to or from places. I think I just saw a while ago that Japan has taken a very aggressive move now to, if I'm not mistaken, I think they're canceling schools. Yes, I saw that this morning. Yes, they're closing all the streets in Japan. They are taking, I think, a preemptive action given that the upcoming summer Olympics are going to be there. They want to try not to, you know, I guess they want to try to make sure that they can get a handle on it before it becomes a crisis. And, you know, a society like Japan very well organized, very, you know, capable of doing that, let's say, but maybe not in the harsh authoritarian way we're seeing in China. But, you know, I guess I hadn't thought too much about it, but the impact on geopolitics, I'm not sure. Clearly the other angle though, which is going to be the global, you know, the independence of the global economy. China is already beginning to see a real effect on its output and given, you know, the very deep interconnection of supply chain networks, you know, it's going to affect people everywhere in the US, you know, getting access to manufactured goods. Even, you know, something as simple as these masks that apparently are now running out of the, of course, like everything are made in China, but other places have to probably fill in that gap now. I think the real concern is going to be more the economic impact that it's going to have. I guess, not quite sure because part of me wants to say that like Europe, very much has a strong, let's say culture and tradition of coordination and cooperation and through the EU and then individual countries very much are all deeply, well, in sync. And so right now the focus is on Italy, because that's where the cases have 650 cases, I think 817 deaths, but I was reading details where France, they're anticipating it's likely to dribble in there very soon. So they too are kind of trying to take some preemptive measures. We've had some single cases, I think in Denmark and maybe Latvia was another one. Each of these, you know, they're aggressively trying to find out if it's where, you know, if there are any way it's connected to, you know, Italy or China or what. And, you know, this is the real challenge because it's moving so quickly every day and, you know, what we're hearing from some of the experts, I heard one of the former CDC heads, I think Tom Friedman in an interview paper yesterday, making very clear this is likely to get worse before it gets better. And that's, you know, that's not a, I mean, it's an important message to let people know because you should not be, I think as we heard from President Trump, oh no, we've got to handle on it's okay, it's not going to affect us. That's a little deceiving and not being honest. You know, Carl, this is a related issue. You mentioned it earlier in connection with Trump's speeches, press releases rambling every press release press conferences rambling. And you mentioned it in terms of managing information so as not to get people, you know, who excited to avoid panic. And so every leader, every government's going to be mindful of that and going to, you know, sort of calculate comments and public statements, not not to panic people. In the case of Trump, you know, I don't think he knows how to do that. And he makes his own decisions.  I mean, that's not the point. And telling the truth. He has terrible, terrible reputation for not telling the truth. And so how can you rely in crisis on his statements when you question whether he's telling the truth. One of the remarkable things he said was, don't worry, this is out of being there with Peter Sellers. Don't worry in the springtime, everything will be better. It'll be warmer and that will diminish the effect of the virus. That's not there's no evidence of that. And so I think what we're going to get from him are untruths as usual. And that's not going to help delay the panic. Now, let me shift for a minute to China, where Xi Jinping is also very interested in avoiding panic. And he's taking, you know, draconian steps to do that. And anyone who, anyone who makes a public statement about the failure of the government to deal properly with this or about, you know, how bad it might be is going to be arrested and muzzled and probably taken away to a dark place. In fact, that's happening in the underground Chinese media is filled with stories about people who've been taken away from their homes because they made statements against the effect, against Xi Jinping and his efforts to deal with the virus. So I think what happens here is in trying to deal, you know, to avoid panic, trying to deal with it on informational crisis management, governments change and do very strange things. And it feeds right into, you know, a very over overbearing government, a dictatorial government, as in the case of China. And don't you think that over time, when the panic gets worse, when the situation gets worse, the press will be under attack, as it already is with him. And that anyone who speaks against, you know, the government in any country will be at risk. Yeah, and, you know, again, it is very important in these complex emergencies where, you know, you've got to get a handle on that because otherwise, you know, you can, unfortunately, Trump is starting already from a disadvantage because, you know, half the population just doesn't believe him. And as you noted, when he does have any kind of statements, he is not very good at just reading what you're supposed to he ends up wandering off and saying things and drifting into, you know, things that are not the core focus that you need to deal with.  Often they become a very powerful political challenge for the leadership that can erode their credibility legitimacy in different ways and, you know, how they handle it. I mean, whether you were called Katrina and comments that George W. Bush and how he handled it. And you'd think by now that, you know, governments, it's one of the things you have to do, you've got to be able to respond quickly, clearly, good information, you know, competent people. Frankly, some, you know, again, Trump doesn't have anybody there to tell him this, but somebody else should be in charge of this clearly. And Pence, well, you know, he doesn't command I guess a lot of, you know, he doesn't come across as being, yeah, just to be very clear. So, you know, that's unfortunate. But who else is he going to convince he's going to have to buy somebody because even, you know, even the public health officials, they want to be as they are as scientists very clear and, you know, and then I think there was just to add again to all the politics of this. I think one of the top leaders of the Center for Disease Control involving infectious diseases happens to be the sister of Rod Rodenstein, this recent acting Attorney General, and she was giving statements of, you know, cautioning warning. And suddenly now a lot of the right wing, you know, all the media or whatever right is now like up in arms is all the conspiracy state. Oh, that's my favorite one. He agrees that there's a conspiracy of the Democrats and that the Coronavirus is a democratic weapon, only meant to bring him down. The absurdity of the insanity of that is inescapable.  You're always doing that.  There are no barriers for you, Carlos, and I admire you very greatly for that. So here you are on the cusp a lot of travel. In fact, you're traveling right now. And that means getting out of the plane. It means dealing with crowds. It means hearing the person in the seat next to you cough and retch or whatever it is. How are you changing your technique?  How will you protect yourself in the future? I know. And it's a tough one because anybody who's got some travel plans have to really think carefully about it. It's not always easy to cancel. Usually when you buy, you know, most people don't buy their cancellation insurance policy options. And, you know, you've got to make a tough decision. This morning I did. I left Mexico City. You got on a plane to San Antonio. And you could already see a lot of the airport workers are very much covered in masks. But I was actually in line coming into my plane and a woman behind me from China, although coming from Mexico to Texas, eventually on her way to China. But she was right next to me and began coughing and sneezing. And I have to admit, I was a bit nervous. I tried to walk away. I think more immediately, and the advice we're getting from, you know, obviously the extras, you've got to continually wash your hands as often as possible. You know, the mask can be helpful, but you got to have the right kind of mask. A lot of these that are out there are not. But the other is also avoid trying to like touch yourself because in public areas where you could have exposure, it might be on a tabletop or on a counter or some knob, and then suddenly you start touching your nose, your mouth, your eyes, and that's going to bring it into you. So you've got to begin to, and as I took this initiative myself today, trying to be real careful, literally every bathroom I saw, I would go in and wash my hands again. And that's the best we can do now. Beyond that, I have to think carefully in about a month. I'll be on my way to Europe there, and as you know, I travel every year to Innsbruck in Austria, just a stone's throw from northern Italy. And now I'm hoping they can contain it and solve it. But even as I am likely to go, I don't plan to cancel a trip. I'm going to probably be very low key. I do some lectures there. So I'm just going to avoid big crowded places and minimize being in places where, and yet again, Innsbruck is a place where tourists are always coming there, bus loads of Chinese tourists. So over the years I've been going there now, 12 years, I've seen an interesting changing dynamics of the tourism in China and also India are now among the most popular tourists. They go to this Alpine region, you know, to basically enjoy the beauty of it. And they often come just for the day, bus loads of them. But yeah, now I wonder to what extent it might be affecting that region given, again, the proximity of northern Italy. It's right there. Really a flat world these days. Well, Carlos, there is some light at the end of the tunnel. I'll tell you what it is. You know, when you travel, or when anyone travels, or when we want to reach somebody in a faraway place, name it anywhere in the world, we can do it by VMIX call remote, which is what we're using right now. So when you go to Europe, we can catch you there and you can talk to us.  And that's a blessing. But we do you have to think carefully about it and until we get a very better sense that this has gotten under control. For now, it looks like we're literally going to have to be staying abreast of developments what's happening and how our officials dealing with it. And no doubt, I mean, given just that, you know, we are same humans everywhere, but in fact, we are different in the house certain cultures you describe, for example, the Chinese given their form of government and the political culture. Very much the leadership there is moving aggressively to kind of snuff out any criticism of course, because it can cost them it can become a crisis of legitimacy, a challenge to their, you know, they're not so democratic rule. So while it is going to impact the economy of many places, including China, which will affect the entire world. It is also this, I don't know, just this fear and paranoia and anxiety that can lead to other things, you know, people. We don't know other things that are going to change around us. Indeed, as I mentioned at the, at the inception, we are in a transformation happening right now. And you know, we're at a time. I was going to say that this is the reality we're going to see in the future pandemics and diseases that they are going to be with us. This is just one now and there will be others in the future so we're going to have to come to terms with this.  Thank you. Thank you, Carlos Suarez. I hope we talk to you. I know we'll talk to you again in a couple of weeks. And I say, I appreciate the show. Global connections with Carlos Suarez wherever he is.


Let us generalize the formula first, general formula of the apparent frequency is this n is equal to C plus minus velocity of observer divided by C minus plus velocity of source times n naught. So, if source comes towards the observer it will be C minus V s in the denominator, a wave it will be C plus V s. So, do not remember it like that remembering the way which we have discussed just now will be much better. What we have remembered velocity of source in a denominator, velocity of observer in the numerator, frequency should go up if they are approaching, frequency should go down if they are going up, it might happen that one is approaching other is going away. For example, this is source which is going with let us say V 1 velocity, this is observer going with velocity V 2, speed of sound is C, original frequency n naught. So, what is the apparent frequency? C minus V 1 by C minus V 2. C minus V 2. Now, who is observer this is observer, observer will come in the numerator C plus V 2 minus V 2, because of this frequency should decrease C minus V 2 divided by C minus V 1, because of this also frequency should increase and it is in the denominator. So, you should decrease the denominator C minus V 2 times n naught. So, this is n. So, this is your school level stuff related to top loss of it. See, source is V 1 velocity, source is going towards the observer, frequency should increase because of V 1, it comes in a denominator. So, denominator will decrease, so that n naught increases, that is a minus here and it will be minus in the numerator also, because of that V 2 which is observer frequency should decrease. So, you will decrease the numerator, so that it decreases and you will decrease the numerator denominator also, so that it increases. So, it tries to compensate each other. Now, there are various scenarios, we are going away from the school, write down scenario 1, if wind is blowing, but it will affect, will it affect the speed of sound, it will affect the speed of sound, because sound is travelling inside the air only and air starts moving, are you getting it? So, the speed of sound will be what? C plus V w or C minus V w? Depends of the direction, depends on direction. So, if wind is blowing like this and sound is also going like that, the speed of sound it will take as C plus V w, if wind is like this, sound is like that C minus V w. So, effect of wind is it changes the velocity of sound, because that is a medium itself, getting it? So, instead of C, you have to write that in all the formulas that you have written, I doubt, can the source be observer? How should I write it? Sir, can you say when there is an echo of the source? I give an example, the dog barking, he was barking and he is hearing his own sound, I thought that a dog is that side, so he keep on barking. So, that thing can happen, when I am speaking I am able to hear myself also. So, source can be observer, there are many such scenarios write down, effect of reflection. So, when reflection happens, reflecting surface acts as observer initially. So, what will happen? First you take reflecting surface as if it is observer, can reflecting surface move with some velocity? It can move, so assume as if observer is moving. So, completely treat that reflecting surface as if it is observer, find out the frequency, which that observer as a reflecting wall will observe, then it will reflect the same frequency back, now it will become the source, and you have to account for the velocity now also, then now that will be velocity of source, reflect the same apparent frequency, now it will become source, getting it now it becomes source, observer could be the final observer. Sir, what will become the square being subjective? We will talk about that, we will take examples, that is all. So, we will take one example, I will put each and everything in that set, any doubts here? No doubts, okay, okay, this is wall, wall is moving with certain velocity, let us say this is v1, okay, this is vehicle, someone, this is param, this is param, param is moving towards the wall with vb, okay, wind is blowing in this direction, vw, speed of sound in stay air, speed of sound in stay air is c, he is shouting, and he is shouting with the frequency of n0, okay, the sound get reflected off from the wall, what frequency he will hear after reflection from the wall, it is just two step solution, it is not very complicated. So, step number one is what, wall is the observer, you can refer the equation formulas. Wall is the, step number one, wall is the observer, param is the source, right, speed of sound is what, what will take speed of sound as? C plus vw, now both are approaching, they will contribute to increase the frequency, so n will be equal to speed of sound plus velocity of observer, who is observer, v1 divided by c plus vw minus v2, this n0, how many of you got this, okay, so this is the frequency the wall will receive as a source, what frequency wall will reflect back, same, this frequency n will be reflected by the wall, but now wall is the, wall is source, roll reversal, the final frequency guys keep quiet, now what will take speed of sound as, this way sound is coming down like that, so c minus, who is, who is source, wall is source, this is observer, so plus v2 or vp divided by c minus v2, this is the frequency minus vw minus v1, that times n, that times n and what is n, c plus vw plus v1 divided by c plus vw minus v2, how many of you got this, fine, so this is got the frequency and the chapter is over, syllabus is over, see it is there, I know it is there, see, listen, I want you to learn that when you solve numerical, okay, it will be a part of a numerical, okay, there is a concept of intensity of the wave also, there is a derivation of that as well, okay, solve the numericals corresponding to the syllabus of the NCRT first, okay, no point telling you the extended topics and you are not even doing the basics first, okay, if you are able to solve the basics, then we can do the basics first, okay, okay, if you are able to solve the basics, then we can extend it, I mean it will hardly take 15-20 minutes to do the extended topics, but I don't want to keep dumping a lot of information, read it, read it, read it, okay, fine, give me the centre module if you have centre module for waves, you mark it right now, okay, if you see the past archive, they don't go beyond NCRT curriculum, we'll do some advanced level questions, okay guys, this is J-Advance 2017, okay, okay, look, stationary source emits the sound of frequency, I'm not going to write each and everything, okay, listen to each and every word, a stationary source emits this frequency, the sound is reflected by a large car approaching the source with a speed of the velocity of car is given 2 meter per second, so stationary source emits this frequency, the sound is getting reflected by the large car approaching the source with this velocity, okay, the reflected signal received by the source and so proposed with the original, listen, the reflected signal is received by the source and so proposed with the original, what will be the beat frequency of the resulting signal? Beat frequency, the velocity of sound is given as 330 meter per second, it's an integer time, all of you got 6? No, you're not getting, approaching the observer which is stationary, you should be drawing the diagram first, okay, car is telling with 2 meter per second, so the frequency the wall will receive is, wall is observer right now, so 330 minus, sorry, plus 2 divided by 330 into 492 is received, this will be transmitted back and now what this guy will receive is speed of sound, reflection, this times N1 and N1 is this, it's much simpler than what we have done, and the beat frequency is what? Original frequency minus N2, what is this, whatever it is, this is mod of that, it comes out to be 6, they are very big word problems, so I can't


It's March here at Canada's Wonderland. The park is still closed but we've got a lot happening behind the scenes. Here's a quick update on construction projects that are going to make your visit to the park this year a little different. Also at front gate our main shop, the Wonderland store, is getting renovated and expanded. There's going to be lots of room for all kinds of gifts and souvenirs but we're also going to have a new door that exits directly out into the front gate plaza. And around the corner we've said goodbye to one of our longtime attractions. After 26 years extreme skyfire has been retired, the tower is dismantled and removed. From time to time we need to retire rides in order to make away from new attractions though we don't have plans to announce for this area just yet. Over in Grand World Expo our restaurant back lock cafes undergoing an interior renovation and makeover. It's going to have a brand new menu this year we are sure you're going to love. And for our prestige pass holders we are building a VIP lounge for your exclusive use this season. It's going to be constructed at Allswell Hall in Medieval Fair. More on that to come. And lastly there's a lot of work happening around Wonder Mountain. Some of the buildings in our Alpen area have been removed. Tiny Tom's is getting a new location so this area is going to look a lot different when you get back. Stay tuned in early April for a special announcement about some of this construction. We think you're going to like it. We think you're going to like it. We think you're going to like it. I have a construction update for you guys today. I have one every day but nonetheless antique cars is coming along really nicely. What is antique cars? The helicopter ride is coming along really nicely. The painting is taking place on the station and the ride. Antique cars is showing no sign of activity quite yet. I am keeping an eye on this plot of land even though I'm not completely sold yet that it is going to head over here. There are two directions this coaster can go and it's become even more confusing with this third tunnel. But I think that the park, if you've watched the video before, they're teasing the Alpen area. So I think I'm hoping that it's heading out this area. It would be crazy if it's taking up both Alpen and Extreme Skyflyers plot of land. But who knows? I have heard that this is going to be Canada's Wonderland's biggest investment in history. So I mean, this could be our largest coaster ever. But fingers crossed on that. With that being said, I do want you guys to take note that it is true Cedar Fair fashion to enhance the areas that their coasters take up. So with the helicopters being enhanced currently, I could totally see this coaster heading out in that direction. But it also could be completely unrelated. So keep that in mind as well. Again, everything we discussed without the term's official prediction is just speculation and reporting what we're seeing live. With that being said, the third new tunnel is coming along nicely. There are no dug dug out sections like the second tunnel. It is just a flat ramp. And you'll see more of that development in tomorrow's construction update. So I'll be able to show you guys a little more of that. Not much going on in the old Thunder Run station and the old drink stand. Still just dug out. As you can tell, the shockwave queue line still needs a little work to before season opener. The second tunnel right next to vortex is coming along really nicely. And you're going to see a really cool update tomorrow on that.  So really excited about that development. It's honestly like so to explain it, it's about 10 feet down from Q path. There's no ramp. It's not wheelchair accessible currently. Again, that could change. But it does align perfectly with the curbs. But in the tunnel, it's definitely taking structure form. So outside the tunnel, it looks like a retaining wall. But inside the tunnel, they are developing a structure. So just to give you guys a little food for thought there in terms of what it could be. I also want you guys to know and understand that they usually about 99% of the time start with the station on a coaster project, especially one that is going to have to have an electrical room and a lot more tech and advancement tech than your typical ride. So again, it's very easy slash typical to assume that that is the station area or the electrical room at most. Again, I know a lot of people are saying, well, it's looking like the entrance and exit to the ride. Well guys, like they never start with infrastructure for queuing or pathways and all that, it would be completely not typical for them to build the entrance and exit into the mountain without the other parts of the ride started as well. And I can tell you that there's not much built inside that that that tunnel yet. So what you're seeing and what I've heard through the birdie mill is that this is the station area for the ride. But again, we'll have to wait and see. Here's that other angle of the new third tunnel being constructed. So as you can see, it's a very simple flat ramp. You're going to see more of that in tomorrow's update. But very interesting, very similar ish in size. So we measured it on Google. It is about 4.83 meters wide. But that is the actual cutout size and not the if you tell can tell they're building like a slightly lower trench than the side pieces around it. Extreme sky flyer. I have a really cool update for you guys tomorrow. Again, things are advancing really quickly. So here they are cutting it up and trashing it in yesterday's footage. And yeah, I'm really excited to show you guys what's happening over there in tomorrow's update. And yeah, again, grace dropped that this was for a future attraction that they're not ready to announce yet. So again, that brings your mind over no way they were moving this for a 2026 flat ride. That would be completely ridiculous in terms of timing over at front gate, they've removed the ugly, the god awful ugly Leviathan colors from front gate, you have no idea how excited I am about that. It is time that they moved away from the front gate completely blending in with Leviathan.  I know a lot of enthusiasts disagree with me, but I absolutely hate Leviathan's color and having it on our front gate. I despise so fingers crossed that this is a sign that they're going to go with more of like a professional business casual color, I guess. I really like the black on the the Auburn, I guess, color at front gate. So really excited. Hopefully that is a sign that they are going to change the colors there because I know I'm the only enthusiast that hates it, but I hate it.  But yeah, so as announced, the prestige area is in Alswell Hall. Truthfully, I was not expecting that. That was not even slightly on my radar because that building is super important to Canada's Wonderland in terms of like a business buying out the park or hosting an event there. They use that a lot for those business events. So it'll be interesting to see if it's only half the building for the prestige pass holders and the other half is still utilized for business events. But yeah, really shocked by that. Really thought they were going to go with the extreme sky flyer building or back lot. But that was also just because there was a lot of action at back lot. But I'm really excited. I really hope they turn back lot into its old heritage. I say heritage, but it's old roots of the Ginza Gardens. So she did confirm that it was a renovation. So I'm really hoping that it's going back to its roots. It is getting a lazy bear setup from what I've heard through the rumor mill. So I mean, to give myself some credit, I've been pretty accurate so far in terms of reporting on those things. So hopefully fingers crossed that I'm right about the lazy bear large setup because that'll speed up things and fingers crossed that there's some drinks stands in there as well for us to use. I have a feeling there will be a lot of guest complaints about that and Wonderland has shown in the last couple of years they are taking guest complaints very seriously. So keep giving them feedback because in the park's defense they are taking a lot of action in the right steps. So here they are inside the tunnel breaking down that mountain concrete wall in the basement. So if you remember from the second tunnel, they did the same process.  Over at the maintenance tunnel, a lot of reinforcement going on. This part is getting really confusing. This is getting really confusing with this first tunnel. We cannot ignore. I've been told that this was just a maintenance tunnel. I'm really hoping that person's wrong because this is a significant reinforcement project. So we'll keep an eye on that. But yeah, thanks so much for watching today's construction update guys and supporting the channel. Support us on Patreon if you really want. You don't have to, but I try my best to give Patreon's early access to information and some detailed maps that I'm working on right now for our Patreon members. So thanks so much for being a Patreon. Have a good one guys. Bye.