All right, so welcome everyone to this virtual community meeting regarding the upcoming address and area street improvements project. My name is Greg Robbins, and I'm a project manager in the city of Fort Worth transportation and public works department on the call with me as well. Our representatives from the Port Worth water department, the engineering consultants who's doing design and some others from transportation and public works. They'll be around at the end at the presentation to help you answer questions. If needed. So this presentation is meant to provide you with some information about the scope of the project that's happening in your area and give the community a chance to provide feedback or ask questions. About the project and how you'll be impacted. So here's the agenda of what I have to cover in my brief presentation. I'll be talking about the project as a whole providing a summary of the improvements on each street associated with this project. Discussing the project schedule moving forward and blocking off some time at the end for your questions and your input. So, first, we'll talk about the overall scope of the improvements associated with this project. This project is part of the proposed and upcoming 2022 bond election, which will be voted on in May of this year. The city manager and city council have kindly provided us some funding to start the design of this project and several others associated with the bond in anticipation of bond passing here in a couple of months. So, this project includes eight streets in the area that are slated for reconstruction. So they are and street from Avenue C to Avenue D. Ascrescent Street from East Bickery Boulevard to Avenue E Avenue B from South Riverside Drive to Ascrescent Street. Avenue C from Ascrescent Drive to MLK Freeway Avenue D from Ascrescent Drive to MLK Freeway. Belzey's Terrace from Avenue C to Avenue D, Elmwood Avenue from Belzey's Terrace to MLK Freeway, and Uvalde Street from East Richmond Avenue to MLK Freeway. So, on the next couple of slides, I'll be discussing the existing conditions present on these streets and give a street by street breakdown of the proposed improvements. So, this slide shows the existing conditions of these streets and why they were slated for reconstruction. You can see from the pictures, the issues that we will be correcting will include damaged asphalt pavement, missing or broken curbs and gutters, damaged or missing sidewalks, damaged or missing concrete driveways, as well as replacing or upgrading the water and sewer utilities under the street. So, next I'll go through East Street individually and discuss the improvements that are expected to be made. On Ascrescent Street, we will be replacing the existing pavement and concrete curbs or adding curbs where none are existing. We'll also be replacing the existing driveways with new concrete drives. These new driveways will be a minimum of 11 foot in width or will match whatever your existing driveway is if it's wider than that. Ascrescent will be getting new 5 foot sidewalks on both sides of the street. As far as water and sewer improvements, we'll be replacing this existing 8-inch water with a new 8-inch. Now, a lot of the improvements are similar on East Street, so forgive me for repeating myself, but on Avenue B, we'll be upgrading existing 6-inch water to an 8-inch. As far as paving improvements, we'll be doing new pavement with new concrete curbs and also replacing the concrete driveways along that street. On Avenue C, we'll be upgrading the existing 6-inch water to 8-inch. New pavement, new concrete curbs and gutters, new concrete driveways, and Avenue C is getting 5 foot concrete sidewalks on both sides of the street. On Avenue D, we'll be up-sizing the existing 6-inch water to an 8-inch for paving, new pavement, new concrete curbs, new concrete driveways, new concrete sidewalks on both sides of the street from Ascrescent to Belze's, and then a new 5 foot sidewalk on the south side of the road from Belze's to MLK Freeway. On Elmwood, we'll be installing a new 8-inch waterline, new pavement, new concrete curbs and gutters, new concrete driveways, and a new concrete sidewalk on the north side of the street. Uvalde Street will be up-sizing the existing 6-inch water to an 8-inch and also replacing the existing 8-inch sewer in the street. New pavement, of course, new concrete driveways and a new concrete sidewalk on both sides of the street. On Ann Street, we will be upgrading the existing 6-inch water to an 8-inch, new concrete, I'm sorry, new pavement with concrete curbs, new driveways, replacing the existing driveways, and it's also worth noting that this street and the next one, Belze's, are being funded by the water department. They're not technically part of the 2022 bond, but they are included in this project. Yeah, Belze's terrace upgrading the existing 6-inch water to 8-inch, new pavement, new concrete curbs, replacing the existing driveways with concrete, and like I said, the water department is funding this street. So this slide and the next one shows something of what you can expect the finished product to look like once the construction that's finished. We'll be providing a full depth reconstruction of the existing pavement and rebuilding existing driveways with concrete. We'll also be providing concrete sidewalks on many of the streets, which will include new ADA accessible ramps where they are needed. So next, I'll speak a little bit about the anticipated schedule for the rest of the project moving forward. The dates shown here are what we estimate going forward for the project milestones, and it is kind of based on the voting date for bond approval. This project is currently in design, our engineering designer who's on the call with us is currently working on the design of the project about to finish up. We're currently about 90% of the way finished. We received their 90% plans just last week, and we're currently reviewing them and making final changes and adjustments that we need to get the plan set finished. You can see the next item on the schedule is the 2022 bond vote, which I wanted to remind you about so we can get funding to make the improvements that I showed you earlier. After that, if all goes to plan, we plan on advertising for bids sometime in June of this year and receiving bids from contractors about a month later in July. It takes a couple months for the award process to complete, so we hope to get City Council approval by October and then award the contract to a qualified contractor by November. After that, the last step is the construction itself, which will most likely start after the first of the year in 2023 and last about a year, the total length of construction we expect to last about a year. If you would like any additional information about the 2022 bond program, you can go to the link that is here on the screen and find out more information about funding, the included projects, and any other items of interest. I'll stay on this page for just a few minutes so that anyone who wants to write down the link to the website to the information about the bond can do so. Alternatively, if you just go to Google and type in City of Fort Worth 2022 bond, it'll be the first one that pops up if you wanted to view it that way. Like I said, I'll stay on this page for just a few minutes, but this does take me to the end of my presentation. So at this time, if there's any questions that you have about improvements on your street in front of your house, now's the time, you can type them in the chat box or if you'd like, go ahead and unmute yourself and I'll take your questions that way. Yes, we've just moved into a house on Avenue C and as a part of the building, the sidewalk is brand new. Will you replace that sidewalk or match it? So if it's the house I'm thinking of, I believe we spoke to you the other day yep so I think if I remember correctly and someone from the consultant can chime in but it's brand new sidewalk and I believe brand new driveway so if possible we were at least going to save the sidewalk there because it was brand new. Great, we would prefer for it to not be disrupted and how does the project disrupt the neighborhood when you're repaving the roads will we get advanced notice to know when it's going to be hard to get in and out and what kind of timeline is the road going to be torn up like how long do you expect the road to be torn up in front of an individual's house? So we'll know more about the construction timeline once we once we get a little closer to construction walks we have another meeting where we where we have the contractor here and they can discuss the the details of the schedule but in general when it you we're talking about disruptions to you you'll be notified before things like you know water shutoffs or your driveway is being replaced you know things like that you'll be notified before that happens so that you can make plans. And is there any remedy? I mean to make plans do you just park your car someplace else in the neighborhood and walk to it or is there I guess I'm just trying to wrap my head around how we're going to be able to come and go when the neighborhood is sort of covered with when all the ways in and out are basically blocked. Sure well we we hope to never completely block off the street you know but there will be situations where if uh maybe not yours because you have a brand new driveway but you know for other people when we're replacing your driveway there's a few days when you just won't be able to access it so the the best course of action is usually to you know speak to a neighbor or something or across the street and see if you can park in their driveway for a few days something like that. But and I also want to mention that yes I showed that the project was going to be construction for a year but that's a year to do the eight streets that are associated with the project so it won't be one year of your street completely torn up. The construction happens in phases usually utilities come first so you know water the sewer will be done will be done first and then the things like curbs and gutters and sidewalks will be done next and finally the last thing that'll be done is the paving and it kind of it kind of comes in phases during the project but yeah when I say the project is under construction for a year I don't mean necessarily that you won't have access to your to your house for a year. Certainly certainly I just I've seen neighborhoods other neighborhoods in Dallas where the streets are basically removed for weeks at a time and the coming and going is challenging and I want to either prepare for the challenge well in advance or just being forewarned to score armed by just knowing that it's what it exactly is going to be in the lead up is going to be really really helpful. My other question is about what the quality of the road is going to be is it just going to be another asphalt road or is there going to be an improvement to the actual street itself? We have a lot of construction vehicles that pass through this neighborhood. People who work here drive large trucks and carry trailers often with equipment on it and so it's probably not you know another a replaced asphalt street is not going to last terrifically long I wouldn't expect but I don't know I don't I don't really know so. So as of right now the project is being designed as an asphalt replacement we won't know we won't know the final material until we get a little closer to construction. Very good.  I thank you very much for presenting this it's really this is good to know and I'm glad that I'm glad that you've made this available. Not a problem thank you for your question thank you for attending as well is there any other questions like I said you can either unmute yourself and and ask or you can place it in the chat and I will get to it that way. If there's no more questions I'll go ahead and wrap up the meeting thank you so much to those of you that took the time to attend today this is my contact information here on the screen please feel free to reach out to me by phone or email if you have any follow-up questions or comments or something you you know didn't think to ask or thought about it later to ask feel free to give me a call about about any issues related to this project whether the issues about the design or construction that's what I'm here for so you can give me a call and I'd love to talk to you about it. I'll leave this slide up for just a little bit so if you want to have a chance to copy down the information copy down my phone number copy down my email address you can um if there's nothing else I hope everyone has a good evening thank you again for attending and I look forward to hearing from you thank you


Going on everyone Sam here with late and sports car driven three boxes for Corey C We got one twenty two twenty three select each two one twenty three NT baseball and one twenty three certified. It's good Luck here, buddy. Let's do it Corey See what we've got Start off with a select each two twenty two twenty three select each two as a disco KPJ and Tyler here a Nicola Jovic to 99 They are a lot of fun to watch man Jalen Brunson I love when we do personals. It's always such a good time. It's very chill too, which is nice We got a gold chat rookie gold gold disco Colin Sexton. No, that's not it's red 1949 that looked gold to be fair Congrats on that one still though young bolt you can jazz always troll me with those colors Davis la ravia Johnny Davis white to 75 Silver Evan Muldeo before I go on whose birthday Oh Grievous Vasquez Happy birthday Grievous Vasquez man Marilyn legend Hornets legend Raptors legend. I love me some Grievous Vasquez God, he was so good at Marilyn dude. So good 23 certified Happy birthday Grievous Vasquez man. My god. I loved Grievous Vasquez. I Was so pissed when the Hawks didn't draft him in like 2009 I wanted him so bad because I loved Marilyn when I was a kid down that is a Amari Rogers Auto 299 for the Commanders see some Stroud see some low-numbered Stroud Go team nine Heim Hines That is gonna be Jim Kelly to 149 We've got nice Sam La Porta to 299 rookie Jersey Auto for the Lions that press got Tanner McKee to 325 Like a Parsons to 99. We've got a piece of the game to 25 Deandre Hopkins The Titans little patch in the bottom right a little bit of light blue down there Two colors Now he was Georgia Georgia exquisite Micah Parsons teal to 50 is my home is one off Jersey. No congrats on that one Corey good Chrome tusks Got Mark Andrews red J. Moe to 99 Fiery kill nice stitches in time is gonna be at Zay flowers and Drake London to 25 kind of a random pairing Zay went to Boston College flowers to USC. I don't know interesting Good win right now has CJ autos Allen and Ginner nothing certified unfortunately nothing like out of nothing in Panini products Manra Devon Witherspoon to 399. Yeah, same collars right right right right is Tim Brown orange to 149 have an Ingram and we're nine point favorite against the Texans like that All right, all your kid reporters and one box of 23 NT baseball one box of 23 NT baseball good luck We go up mr. Court. I'll spot that Yeah, true. No for sure Ron let's get after it dude. I hope we hit something out of tier one man tier one's a lot of fun Legendary materials 1 to 25 20 Gwen game use Jersey and Vap Nice one there Corey. That's sweet. God 41 to 49 buddy senior game use bat for the Angels Angels bloody That is a thicky man That's a stars and no yes stars and stripes on the bottom there Harold Baines 16 of 25 game use bat for the White Sox We've got two colored patch Bobby Whit jr. 17 to 25 player war on that Very nice James Wood that is Jersey Auto 4 49. Let's go. This is next one's dope This next one's dope one of one Raphael for call Century signatures for the Cardinals hell. Yeah, man one of one Raphael for call. I'm in I'm so in on that Congrats on that one Corey or century signatures. Excuse me if I said materials Next up we've got Tyler Soderstrom 30 of 99 Soderstrom got Jack lighter on the Signature names 14 of 25 at Jack later 22 from there very cool nice one here as well. That is gonna be 18 of 25 Marcello Meyer on the stars and stripes patch auto good stuff there Corey young stud for the Red Sox Imagine he comes up soon and Jets the Met Williams 81 of 99 Congrats on that in New York Very nice as well that will do it for your personal there. Mr. Corey. Thanks again for the sport buddy. Get right out to my man


A Wisconsin truck driver accused of using his smartphone before causing a fatal accident near St. Paul is facing criminal charges. Washington County prosecutors say 28-year-old Wayne Hicks of Independence, Wisconsin is charged with criminal vehicular homicide in Tuesday afternoon's crash that killed 54-year-old Robert Bursick of Amory, Wisconsin. Prosecutors say Hicks admitted to texting with his girlfriend and searching an app for houses on his phone prior to the crash in Lake Elmo. The complaint says Hicks was going 63 miles per hour and made no effort to stop before we're ending Bursick's vehicle. I have watched the video myself several times and as the colonel said it's absolutely horrific. It's described in detail. There were cameras or a split screen looking forward through the windshield also looking into the cab of the vehicle and according, as I put in the complaint, the driver is seen and appears to be looking at his phone for at least an entire eight seconds before striking the vehicle. He doesn't appear to look up into the windshield until the point of impact or after the point of impact once he's realized he's hit somebody. The vehicle was so damaged, one it was unrecognizable. The back end was pushed up so far all the way into the driver's seat. The sides of the vehicle were completely mangled. They were unable to extract him at the scene. So the vehicle was towed to a local fire department. My understanding is they spent hours taking the car apart in order to take his body out, correct? What we need to do is get to the point where we all say enough is enough. And we commit to putting everything else down and putting everything else away and giving our full attention to driving. And had that happened on Tuesday afternoon, there's no doubt in my mind that Mr. Bursig would have been home to his family instead of headed to the morgue. We do have an epidemic, as the colonel says on our road. One in four reported motor vehicle crashes is directly attributed to a distracted driver. An average of 65 lives a year are lost in Minnesota because of a distracted driver. This crash is just the latest in that litany of tragedies that litters our roadways and the ditches around them. Hicks could be sentenced to up to 10 years in prison if convicted. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax- deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hi, we're here at First United Methodist Church with Lanna Hansen. Lanna is the one who's volunteered and directed a wonderful ministry for the homeless called Many Helping Hands. And Lanna, thanks for being here today. And you'd already had a really good life in lots of ways. You'd had a home and a family and a good job at Sprint. What happened? I got laid off from Sprint and I was homeless for about five years. You said homeless, what did you do? What kind of places did you? I lived in my car until I lost my car. I lived in people's couches, you know, I always, hotels, yeah. I just, I didn't know from day to day where I'd be standing. So there was a turning point. There was a transition. How did this happen? Well, once I was arrested, I got put into a program and I was living in a transitional house and that house introduced me to church and that's where I got saved. At that church, there was a ministry that was coming to that church, a bus load of bussing homeless into the church for church service called Soul Ministries. And I was interested in that. So I went to meet with them on the parking lot. They have an outside church service in downtown Dallas. So I went down there. And the minute I walked in the parking lot, God spoke to me for the first time, telling me that's what I was going to do. I was going to do homeless ministry. At that time, I didn't know what he meant. I thought that's what I was going to do is that ministry. But that's where my journey began for the homeless. So people at this ministry gave you hope? Yes. They started looking at you differently. Thursday. So we partner. The thing I love about our ministry is it's all the nominations that come together just in Christ's name to serve. And it's a well-oiled wheel.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's casebreaks.com coming at you with a box of 2022 leaf ultimate draft football one box random team break number one For the break itself. We're going by our usual college rules any non NFL players will be randomized at my discretion I Guess maybe that's the Bryce young pops out basically the Bryce young rule But basically if they're active, they'll go to the team. They're currently on if they're not active They'll go to the team that they played for the longest if they're I don't think they're gonna be any retired players here Is there a checklist for this maybe that might make life easier? only for the breakfast Rex only for the breakfast Let's see leaf ultimate group break checklist calm. Do we have it? No Yeah, so yeah, we'll go by our no checklist rules right there. All right Big thanks everybody here for making this happen And there are all the teams right here and then at the end of the break will re-randomize everybody's names and match you up with Either a black football random team spot or that select draft picks spot right there But first the break itself. Let's roll it randomize it. Yes, the connection is secure There you go. Thanks for n.org five into three eight times for names and teams one two three four five six seven and once more eighth and final time and five and a three eight times for the teams one two three four five six seven and eight Denver down to Pittsburgh after eight and No trade windows, but there's the first half of the list right here There's the second half of the list right over there and let's sort by team and let's just print and rip All right, so here's the final printout hot off the presses. Thank you and the first one is George Carl Loftus ultimate leadership autograph and He is a defensive end for the Kenzie chiefs So that'll go to Brandon KC Next up is a wide receiver 17 out of 50 It's a vellis jones jr. It's with the Bears Wide receiver and return specialist apparently of the Chicago Cubs of the Chicago Bears That'll be for Brandon as well next person is a Is currently at Notre Dame That's a Notre Dame tight end Michael Mayer. It's a scary hit 25 a spooky hit for this time of year 25 out of 25 Mayor Meyer so we'll randomize this to Well, you know what we're giving away stuff, right? So why don't I randomize this to? The spot 16 the first spot First spot that doesn't get one of those spots in the next break. We'll do that. All right next player is Kennedy Brooks Who's with the Eagles? Oh, we know where that guy I know for sure where that guy goes Next guy the next player is Garrett Wilson 32 out of 50 for the Jets That's going to be for Aaron and the J ETS Jets Jets Jets All right, there you go That's the break and now let's see who's going to win spots into the next one So let's flip back over here So if you're in the top five you'll get a spot in the black football random team break and here you'll get the Graphics football random team break and the next name down we'll get that Michael mayor autograph 25 out of 25 So let's gather everybody's names One through 32 New dice new list and We'll match up with something. Good luck. Let's roll it randomize it six and a three nine times One two three four five six seven eight and ninth and final time after nine Sad times for this group right here 17 through 30 to appreciate you giving it a shot Happy times for Daniel you get that autograph and happier times for the next ten Shea Oliver Adam Daniel Daniel Barry Anthony Adam Barry and Aaron Miller You get spots in that select draft picks break and the top five in the brand new Pune black football break the random team break Aaron Anthony Chad Brandon and Nester So congrats this group right here and we'll put a We'll put Ultimate draft one next to your name So you know you won that spot in that particular box So congrats once again Nester Brandon Chad Anthony and Aaron for getting into Pune black the random team break And then Aaron Barry Adam Anthony Barry Daniel Daniel Adam Oliver and Shea We'll see you for that select draft picks right I think I have to do one more of these fillers to unlock that one and move move a handful of spots and a little consolation prize here Hey, maybe ends up being a future pro bowler to just hang on to that one Daniel Thanks for watching everyone. We'll see you in the next video for the Panini black football random team break. Bye. Bye


Howdy guys, IndiePixel here, and I really appreciate everyone's support so far. Thanks for all the comments and stuff like that. Really, it's fun to talk to the community and stuff like that. I am back to all my YouTube stuff. I know I took quite a little break there for the beginning of this year, but I am back and got all the client work stuff out of the way and GDC. So what are we going to do in this particular video? So we're going to go over two things really. We're going to go over how to do grouping with Vex over here. All right, so we're going to learn how to utilize the setPrem group and point group. So we're going to do that and then we're going to take a look at how to get the sizes of objects and then use that information to create masks that then you can actually go and group things with, right? So I do this a lot when I'm modeling.  So it comes in handy. So I just wanted to go over the core concept of how these things work. So let's jump out of here and I'm going to drop down a new geometry node so we can do this together here. All right, so I'm going to jump inside here and just hide the other objects. All right, so I do have my geometry spreadsheet open. It'll be really useful for you to have that open. So let's just cover that. So I'm going to go and split the pane top and bottom and then just select geometry spreadsheet. All right, I'm going to get rid of this file node here. And the first thing I want to do is just drop down a grid. All right, so we just have some geometry to work with. And what we're going to do is we're going to cover the grouping methods that are available to us inside of VEX. So let's drop down an attribute wrangle node here. All right, and we're going to start with point grouping. Because once you understand this, the rest are pretty much the same. But we're going to take a look at points and primes in this particular lesson. All right, so the first thing that we want to do is just understand how the actual code works. Okay, so currently we're set to run over points. So we're going to run whatever code is in here for every single point. And what I want to do is I want to start typing out the method. Now the method is set point group when you're working with points. Okay, so let's take a look at the help information. And let's see what we get. Just so we can get used to using the help as well. All right, so set point group. What we want to do is we want to provide it some geometry. All right. So it's either using the input zero. So use zero for that, or you just say geo self. All right. And then we give it a name for the group. Now if the group doesn't actually exist, already it'll just create it for you. The point number that we want to put into that group and an integer value. Now this value really is just a zero or one. It says if it's one, then I am in the group. If it's zero, then I'm not in the group. And then finally a string for the mode. And the two modes are set and toggle. So we're going to cover all that stuff here. So let's let's get going. And let's say I want a group point. Let me actually comment this out here. So I can see. All right. So my point numbers turn on and I'm just going to group, let's say point five. So if you want to explicitly set a group, you would say zero for the the input that you want to pull the geometry from, right? Or you do geo self, right? Obviously, I just like typing the input number because it's a lot less to type. And then we want to give it a name. So I'm just going to call this the P group for point group. And then we want to give it a point number. So in this case, I'm setting it explicitly. So I'm going to say point five. And I want to say you are in the group. And then we set it so that it sets that value. And you can see that point five is now inside of that group. So we have this point group. And it is picked up point five. And if we were to go and actually visualize that, we can visualize that with our, our display group and attribute list utility. And we set it to points. And you can see that we have point five in that group. And you can also change the color over here. Double click this guy. There we go. So you can see it. Let me switch over to wireframe there. So we got point five in the group. Perfect. All right. So, you know, from here, it's, it's pretty simple. So let's do something and say if the at PT num is less than 10. So let's group all of those guys. So we're going to say set point group from the geo self, we're going to put it into P group. And we're going to give it the at PT num because we need the current number that we're on. And we're going to say one because we want to put all points that are that have the ID less than 10 into this group. And so I'm going to say one for that and then set. There we go. And now we have all those points, zero, three, nine. Pretty cool. So let's say I want to remove something from that particular point group, but I don't want to get rid of the group or anything like that. So let's say I want to remove point seven from this. So what we can do is say set point group again, the geo self and we'll say it from P group. And we'll say at actually want to set it explicitly. So there point seven, we can always set it to zero and that will work as well. So now we don't have point seven in there. We can also toggle it. So you can put toggle in there, and then I'll turn it off. So if I were to have another one here, I was set to toggle, it basically just flips it. And now it's back in. All right, and that's, that's the basics of how the grouping works inside of VEX. It's basically the same for primitives. You'll notice that let's go drop down another wrangle node here, and we'll work with primitives. So you'll notice if I start setting, typing out set, and we do prim group, it's got the same setup. And the code is pretty much exactly the same. Actually, I think it's exactly the same. All right. Yeah. So it works exactly the same. So you have, you know, for vertices, any type of group that you can create in Houdini, you can create that here. So you have set vertex group and set detail group, I believe. Anyways, so let's go and do something like, we'll call this the prim group, like so. And I want to do, let's get rid of our point numbers now and we'll do primitive numbers. Let's say I want to do primitive five inside of there. So we'll say point five, we want to add it to the group and then say set. All right. So then we want to switch our view over here in the geometry spreadsheet over to primitive. And we have primitive five in the group. And if we were to check that in our display, we have primitive five inside of the group as well. And the same goes. You can always toggle it like so. Pretty simple stuff. All right. So that's the basics of grouping right there. So let's move on to the BB box stuff, which is really fun as well. So what I'm going to do is drop down a box. And for this, I'm going to actually set it to a polygon mesh. And I'm going to change these, the resolution of it. So let's display it. And let's go and I'm going to hide the display groups and attributes there. And I'm going to just increase the resolution of this guy. There we go. Okay. So what I want to do is I want to start generating generating masks based off of the size of this particular box. I want to get all the information about this and start to process it so I can generate color masks that I can then use for grouping or attributes or whatever, right? So let's drop down another angle node. Like so. And the first thing we're going to do, let's do something simple. I mean, this is all pretty basic stuff. It's all the core concepts. But let's do something like the min size. So what I'm going to do is say vector min is equal to get BB box min. And for this particular function, we only need to provide it the geometry that we want to work on. So let's take a look at it in the help.  So it'll only work on certain primitives. So in this case, I'm just going to use the first override there. Okay. So let's give it the zero input, the first input here, put a semicolon there. All right. So now inside of this vector, we have the minimum information. This is literally exactly like if I were to do something like the BB box, right? So the BB box function where you go and get the dy max or y min, it's all it's exactly like that. So what I want to do is get rid of that transform. We don't need that anywhere. So let's do something like we're going to say the color at CDR is equal to at p dot y divided by the min dot y. Let's see what we get. And we actually get this gradient. Let's initialize the color to something to nothing. There we go. So now we get this gradient based off of the minimum height of this particular object. All right. So what we can do is we can flip that, right? If we get the max now, so we'll say vector max is equal to get BB box max. Give it that geometry. And let's say now we do max y. So we flip it. You could always also get the inverse when you do something like one minus these guys. There you go. Actually extended it, but cool. So then let me get rid of that. Well, actually we can leave it there. That's fine. All right. So let's do something else here. Let me actually switch that over to the green channel as well. So it kind of represents everything. Now I changed my mind. I want to keep the original one that I have. There we go. Cool. Now let's do the max on the x, right? So if we say r is equal to at p dot x divided by, let's say the max x here. There we go. So now we got a gradient going that way. Now the cool thing about this is we can create a full gradient by using a fit function in here. So let's say something like, let's say fit at p dot x. And we're going to fit that between the min x and the max x. And then I'm just going to normalize it. So 0 to 1 like so. And there you go. So now you have a full gradient. All right. And if you need the size information, you can get that as well. So we can say vector two will say size is equal to the get BB box size. And that instead of positional values, you get the overall size of the bounding box of this particular object.  All right. Another cool thing is the center. So we can actually do the some cool stuff with this. So I'm going to say get BB box center. All right. And let's do something like at cd dot b is equal to the distance. Let's do a distance of the current point position to that center itself. And right off the bat, you can see it's kind of working. It's really hard to tell. So if I do a one minus here to flip it like so, it's still relatively difficult to detect. But I'm creating a circle basically. Oh, there you go. You kind of see it now. So what we would need to do is actually multiply the position by some sort of scaler. So we'll say chf. And we don't need those brackets. I don't know why I did that. chf p scalar. And then we need to generate that parameter. So now if I were to increase this, you can see that we're getting a circle in the middle there. All right. And if we were to change where that center is by adding some sort of vector to it, so I could say plus zero, 0.5, zero and Z, I'm just going to move the center up a little bit. We're now starting to get something that you can use some sort of radial selection or something like that. Cool. So that's really what I wanted to show there. You can see that when you start typing and get BB box, there's the whole BB box. So it's a bunch of information, all the information, then the center, the max, min and size. That is that. So you can create some really cool mass that way, really quickly. And let me get rid of the, I want to keep that in the center there. All right. That, well, actually, I had one more thing I wanted to show. So I want to actually multiply these min and maxes by a parameter as well. So we'll say min scalar. And let's just copy this and paste it. So we'll call this the max scalar. Now you can give yourself some control over that ramp. All right. So now we can provide sliders to change the mask or something like that. I don't know. I just like showing all these different little techniques because you basically take all these techniques and you start combining them and creating more complex versions.  Anyways, that, my friends, is what I wanted to show. Again, thanks so much for all the support out there. And I'm going to start posting a bunch more videos working on the airplane physics course, working on a procedural prop course too. Obviously, the physics course is taking precedence right now. But anyways, yeah, thanks guys. I'll talk to you in a bit. Bye.


From Texas we talk a lot of Cowboys on the show of course that's your team of record and Dak made his return last week he was back he'd led Dallas to a win over the Lions what do you think of his performance and about your Cowboys this year? Well I think the defense has really stepped up it's been incredible to watch. Michael Parsons is just unbelievable possibly an MVP candidate even on the defensive side of the ball so I mean with that kind of defense you know it gives the Cowboys some time to you know to maybe make a couple mistakes here there. Dak be hurt for some weeks and be able to still get some wins so ideally the offense kicks it into gear. We had a lot of short fields and we're not used to that as Cowboy fans so it's pretty exciting.


As I talked earlier, blockchain technology is really at its base in terms of what the idea means, sort of redefining the internet of trust. How do you, in a distributed, non-aggregated way, establish trusted transactions on the internet? Really, if you look whether it's Bitcoin or Ethereum or Hyperledger, this is really changing a lot of the ways that we will transact with each other in the future. And here to give us an update on the blockchain landscape is Chris Ferris from IBM. He's their CTO of Open Systems. You work on pretty much every project that the Linux Foundation has, so he's at like three, four different board meetings and technical meetings this week, but he's here to give us the update on blockchain. Please welcome Chris. All right. Thanks, Jim. So morning, everybody. So I'm going to talk about the state of blockchain at the Linux Foundation. And as Jim mentioned, I'm CTO for Open Tech at IBM, and according to Todd, that means chief travel officer. I was actually in Amsterdam yesterday morning attending a hackathon over the weekend. So if I fall over in a fit of narcolepsy, just give me a kick and wake me up. So blockchain. What is it? Actually, you know, this technology has been around for a few years. It was actually sort of inspired by a guy named Satoshi, Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented blockchain, who actually applied blockchain, I should say, and invented a protocol called Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency. Now people have been, since that time, people have been trying to figure out, well, can we apply this technology to various other use cases, such as in finance, not just for cryptocurrency purposes, but to facilitate in health care, right? You could use blockchain technology to securely transmit, you know, things like, you know, drug dispensing activity at a hospital to ensure that that can't be tampered with. And then supply chain. You know, think about supply chain transparency, understanding where did you get these potatoes that went into your French fries? And we have the ability to think about how we might instrument all these different types of activities in essentially antagonistic type environments and yet know that the information could be trusted, that everybody actually shares the same copy of information. This is essentially what blockchain and distributed ledgers are all about. Now, as I mentioned, you know, before we started the Hyperledger project last year, and in fact it was almost exactly a year ago this week that we launched the foundation. The technologies that were available, many of them open source, but here's the problem. Many of them had limited throughput. So Bitcoin, for instance, Bitcoin can sustain about a grand total of seven transactions a second. So anybody who's been working on any kind of enterprise systems know that ain't going to cut it for just about anything, right? So if you wanted to apply that technology to your ERP system, for instance, to track all the shipments and invoices and whatnot that go on in your enterprise, it's not going to do it. Slow transaction finality or confirmations. So in the Bitcoin world, for instance, it takes actually a minimum of 10 minutes to finalize a transaction, and it could take as much as 20 or 30 minutes before you know that if I went and tried to exchange some Bitcoin with Todd, that that actually went through and it actually happened. And that means that that money can't really be used for the next 10 or 20 to 30 minutes. It was designed for cryptocurrency, and this is something that actually freaked out a lot of the enterprise CTOs and so forth that were starting to think about how they might apply this technology in their enterprise. Cryptocurrency essentially was designed by anarchists, right? And so to disrupt banking in particular. And so the banks aren't going to go down the path of embracing Bitcoin. Poor governance, right? This is inherent in something like the Dow attack that happened last year actually where somebody actually got in and they had set up and established this distributed autonomous organization where the software, the smart contract, essentially was the governance for this community, this distributed community. And there was a known bug in the smart contract, and some guy exploited it and started draining money out of the account of the Ethereum Foundation to the tune of about $50 million. Now you could say ethically whether or not that was a right or wrong thing to do, but it was legal, right? And so then you have this problem that the rest of the people in the community are like, well, that was bad. He shouldn't do that. Let's vote him off the island. And so they effectively did that and they forked, and now there's two different communities, the sort of the classic and the next generation. But again, there was no real decision beforehand about, well, how do we handle the dispute like that where somebody legally takes advantage of some loophole or a bug in the software and figures out, well, how are we going to manage that? How are we going to manage any kind of dispute resolution around something like blockchain? We have, for most of the technologies that were available, there was no real privacy. There was anonymity, right, but there wasn't really privacy and confidentiality. So if we're exchanging information universally, well, if I'm two financial institutions and I'm trading bonds or other kinds of instruments, I don't necessarily want anybody to know what I'm doing. Just the two of us. Todd and I should be the only two that understand what we're trading, and Jim should have no idea, right? Because if Jim finds out that Todd and I are trading on IBM, he's going to either go buy and sell IBM, right? So we need to have that. And again, if we're going, you heard what Bruce said earlier, if we're going to rely exclusively on cryptography and encryption to provide confidentiality, well, most banks, most financial institutions are just unwilling to go down that path. So we need better solutions for confidentiality and privacy. Now again, most of the technologies have been designed for this sort of permissionless environment where anybody can join, right, and they join anonymously, right? That was actually a problem for most enterprises. They want to have a network that people understand, that they understand who is involved, something we call a permissions network, where it's basically by invitation. And we can build, you know, we can construct a governance model, maybe a legal framework for how we're going to deal with dispute resolution within the confines of this particular private network. Something we call a consortium network. And again, as I mentioned, there was really no settlement finality in a lot of these systems because you can indeed, in the Bitcoin world or in Ethereum, as we saw with the Dow, you can permanently fork. And so therefore, there is the potential that if somebody doesn't like the outcome, they can convince everybody else, well, let's all go this way instead. So that was the problem. But again, this is a technology that is essentially perfect for open source, right? It's potentially very revolutionary. We don't want to have any one player in the ecosystem that controls all of it. We don't want it to be monetized only by an IBM or somebody like that. We want it to be used universally by multiple parties. It requires special skills and it requires a diverse set of special skills, right? You have to have deep cryptographic capabilities. Deep understanding of distributed computing, containerization, databases, database query engines and so forth. There's a whole lot of different disciplines that are required to build this technology effectively and it needed a strong governance model. So about a year ago or actually a year and a half ago, I gave Jim a call and said, hey, we're thinking of doing this and he was like, this is perfect, this is the perfect project. So we established the Hyperledger project or organization almost exactly a year ago this week and again, it's the intent is to develop open source for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies hosted obviously by the Linux Foundation and it would be a global initiative and in fact it's turned out to be exactly that. Again our goals obviously to develop and create open source solutions for these technologies, to provide that neutral open governance model to sustain these things, to develop a diverse ecosystem of communities, to educate the public and government and so forth on what this technology is, how it can be applied and to educate ourselves by bringing people together to help us explore different ways that the technology might be used in various industries. And then again, to promote this notion of a community of communities and in fact that's exactly what we've done. I'll get to a second in terms of the leadership but Brian Bellendorf who Jim mentioned a little bit earlier sort of came with this notion that this isn't just about one project or even just a couple of projects. We want to create sort of this umbrella organization where we're dealing with potentially bringing together all different diverse approaches to how we might solve this problem because again as I mentioned, we are trying to solve some very difficult gnarly problems. A lot of the consensus research that's going on today is really sort of bleeding edge. Right? Nobody really knows how are we going to get past seven transactions a second to get to the scale of this technology that's going to be usable and useful to enterprises that are trying to get to thousands of transactions per second or even beyond. And so we've created the Hyperledger project with this notion that it is an umbrella organization where we're going to have a set of frameworks and we've got three and I'll talk about those in a bit and then maybe we have a number of different other capabilities that we build out around whether it's tooling to help provision and deploy it like cello, to deploy chain code or what we call smart contract languages. These are tools that essentially facilitate the use of these other platforms. And that's exactly what we've got. I mentioned the leadership. So a year ago today, we hadn't yet hired an executive director and I know Jim has really psyched about this, but Brian has really been sort of the perfect person to fit the role of executive director for the Hyperledger project. And I think he actually travels more than I do, which is saying something, but he's out there really sort of constantly helping people understand what we're doing. And he's really done a fantastic job of growing the organization. Blythe Masters, who is the chief executive of digital asset holdings, is our board chair, that ugly guy, the third one there chairs the technical steering committee. And then Dana Prey also from digital asset holdings is the chair of the marketing committee. We started out with, I think it was 11 Premier members and we're now up to 13 and I think there's a few others in the pipeline, some really interesting ones. Most recently we had Airbus and American Express join us as Premier members. But most importantly, we've been growing the general membership population considerably. We started with 30, which was in and of itself, it was amazing. We started with 30, we're now over 110 members total. Almost 100 general members have joined since, which is a 270% growth. That's really fantastic. And then we established a new class of membership for associate members so that we could get other non-profits and NGOs and various regulatory bodies to come and also participate and join in what we're doing there. And so actually this afternoon, Brian gives his talk on hyperledger. He's going to talk a little bit about sovereign and the role that they're going to help play in setting up some identity work in the hyperledger project. From a marketing perspective, it's been a huge hit. It's really garnered a whole lot of attention, surprising amount actually, with about 600 or more hits in any given month. I mentioned that we had 270% growth. This just blows my mind because actually the largest open source foundation, which is OpenStack, didn't grow this fast. So that's just something to sort of keep in the back of your mind there. We now have five top level projects, and I'll talk a little bit about those, 149 engineers contributing to these various projects. We've got a diverse technical leadership. We started where each of the premier members got to designate an individual to represent them on a technical steering committee. And about halfway through the year, we said, no, we're going to have an election. Those who are contributing meaningfully to the project get to select their leadership. And we actually do have a very diverse technical steering committee. Over 6,500 commits. Now, this isn't sort of OpenStack territory yet, but it's getting there. Our Slack community had 5,400-plus people in it. And we had a problem because we actually couldn't keep more than two days' worth of history in Slack. So we got rid of Slack, and we now are using RocketChat and self-hosting that within the Linux Foundation. And a really solid example of why it's so fundamentally important to put these projects in an open governance situation that's funded so that we can actually run and stand up our own tooling and not be dependent on some third-party providers like Slack to give us free chat services. But to think about, we get 10,000 messages that can be in searchable archives from Slack, and we use that up in two days. That's mind-blowing. We have nine different working groups, including a technical working group that we established in China to sort of help bridge the different communities. There's an awful lot of interest in blockchain in China. And so they're doing a lot of work around translating the output and the minutes of the technical steering committee, some of the documentation for the various projects. But they're also there to help bridge these two different worlds where the engineers are speaking very different languages. And they're separated by at least 12 hours of time zone. We have a global meetup community ecosystem with 38 different meetup groups scattered all around the globe with 8,600-plus members. And this is in addition to the sort of the generic blockchain-type meetup communities. But there's an awful lot of interest, as I mentioned, a hyperledger. We have had eight bimonthly face-to-face meetings of the technical community where we all sort of get together and not only sort of share what it is that we're all doing and updating everybody on the various status of the various projects, but also to work on talking about and starting to engage in cross-project collaborations that start to fulfill the vision that Brian has for this notion of an umbrella organization where we have multiple projects and we drive towards integration and interoperability. We had a member summit back in December, which was the first time to bring the entire hyperledger community together. Over 100 different members came and participated in that. That was really quite a great event from my perspective. It wasn't your typical conference. It was an awful lot of sort of interaction out in the hallways, really. And it wasn't just about the presentations. It was really more about just like this event here is where it's really about people getting together and talking about where they're going to go with this stuff. So I mentioned we have five top-level projects. When we started the project, there was proposals from a number of different members of the initial members of the community to contribute various projects to be worked on. IBM was one of those. Intel was another. They had something called Sawtooth Lake, which is a distributed ledger technology platform that was implemented in Python in Intel research with the intention of providing an environment that you could use to experiment with different approaches to consensus for dealing with smart contracts. So it was a very flexible type of thing. And they actually invented something called Poet. So for those of you who aren't deeply familiar with how Bitcoin works, but it does work on a consensus model that's called Proof of Work, where basically you solve a puzzle, something that's designed to take about 10 minutes, so you're going to compute a hash, basically, and it takes about 10 minutes to do this by most computational sources. And whoever gets it first wins a Bitcoin, and they get to mine a block. So the problem with that is it's very expensive. Generates an awful lot of heat, uses an awful lot of energy to do this computation.  Intel came up with this really great idea of applying their trusted execution environment, SGX, to this notion that instead of Proof of Work, we get a Proof of Elapsed Time. So we'll randomize, essentially, sleep, come up with some predetermined time for how long you're going to wait before you say, I won, no, I didn't, sorry. And so they developed this thing called Poet out of Sawtooth Lake. And then they've also developed some interesting things around smart contracts. Eroha is our most recent addition. This was contributed by a FinTech startup in Japan called SORIMITSU, and collaborations with some academic institutions in Japan, along with Hitachi and NTT. And this is sort of a very simple sort of hyperledger fabric, if you will, it's an implementation of some of the architecture of the hyperledger fabric, I should say. But it's designed to be much more simpler, less flexible, less modular, but more applicable to solving sort of point problems. But their primary focus is on sort of the mobile side of things, and the clients they've developed for Android and iOS are potential for building out clients that can be sat atop of our third platform, which is Fabric, which was contributed by IBM and Digital Assets, and is probably the most active project of the three projects. And again, the Fabric essentially is a blockchain distributed ledger platform designed to be architecturally modular, so you can substitute consensus, encryption, you can substitute the back end data stores, pretty much in a plug and play mode, with the intent of being sort of truly enterprise grade software. The final two projects are that sort of modular level that I talked about, one is called CELO, which is orchestration for deploying and provisioning blockchain networks. And then the final one is Blockchain Explorer, which was a user interface that allows you to sort of introspect into the blockchain, into the ledger, to understand what the state is and how it's performing and so forth. From a sawtooth perspective, they've had a couple of stable releases published, they just published one in January. They're exploring adding these new transaction families, transaction families is what sawtooth calls a smart contract. They've been working on improving this notion of proof of elapsed time, and they've actually sort of got a version two of that, that they just introduced to the rest of the community last month. And they've been working on enhanced performance, again, the platform itself wasn't designed to be performant, it was really designed for experimentation. But they're finding that it actually has use potentially as something that you might deploy in your enterprise. AROHA is, again, their newest one, the project was only added in late November, December timeframe, and so they're working on some improvements of their deployment using Docker Swarm, they're working on some of the network stability, they also have a very unique approach to consensus, and they're trying to tune that. And then they're working also on aligning the APIs that they use with the Hyperledger Fabric project to improve the potential for interoperability and integration of those two. And then finally, Fabric, we published a stable release in the fall, version 0.6, but we then embarked on sort of an architectural refactor based on a lot of the feedback we've been getting from people who had been deploying and using that particular version of the software. And we're on the cusp now of driving towards our version 1.0 that the release that we hope will be sort of general availability grade suitable for deployment in an enterprise in a production context. And in fact, we actually have our first production deployment in the IBM Global Finance solution is basically IBM has a program where we essentially provide loans to some of our customers and partners to buy our stuff. And this is, you know, it's about a $44 billion system overall, but at any given time, you can have $100 million in dispute. And so by putting those transactions on a blockchain, we share the information with all the different partners, and we've actually reduced the dispute resolution time down from about 30 days to about 10, and it's actually netted us about $40 million, so that's, you know, that's real money. And we're driving towards consolidation, right? So we've been talking with Intel about integrating Poet into the Hyperledger Fabric. We've been working with Sir Amitsu and the community around Oroha to integrate their APIs so that they can actually, instead of having to have their own unique bespoke back end, they can apply their front end, their client technology on top of the Hyperledger Fabric. And then again, the Blockchain Explorer is looking to sort of be able to sort of sit on top of any of those three top-level projects, and then Cello is offering to support multiple back ends in its provisioning. So come join us, and please come visit Brian's session this afternoon at about 1.45. Thank you. Thank you.


Hello, and welcome to the Gary Stewart Show, presented by Buffalo Wildlings. I'm Greg Royce, joined by Stevenson Headman's basketball coach, Gary Stewart. Coach, you were actually twice last week, started off Wednesday night at Lemon Valley. You were up midway through the second half, and then very tight back and forth game, and Lemon Valley was just going to make a couple of plays right there at the end. Kind of take us to that game a little bit. Well, I thought that we executed well in relationship to what we were trying to do. They've got two really, really good players, and Andy Orr on the interior. We held him to eight shots. And then Sam Light is a guy that warned special attention, and we forced him into a seven or 16 night. So when you do that against those two guys, you got to feel pretty good about where you're going to be. But conversely, Ricky Buck had a good one against us, and we needed to hold him to his average. And I think he scored 24 points, and that was to our detriment. Yeah, sometimes that's a problem.  And somebody, the third guy, kind of step up and hurt you a little bit. But overall, you were kind of pleased with how you executed. Just, you know, you need to make a couple more shots. Yeah, our execution down the stretch wasn't as good as we'd like. But it wasn't for lack of effort. I thought our guys really fought hard and competed well. Yeah, then Saturday you were home. I'd say the same thing. I thought you guys played hard. I thought they played well in stretches, just ultimately. A couple of big runs at the start of each half kind of killed you. Yeah, we got off to a really bad start. And the game was really choppy in the first half. There wasn't very much continuity for either team. And we were very fortunate to go in down seven. We had great contribution from some guys off our bench. And then defensively, after the bad start, we dug in a little bit defensively and forced a 29 point first half. Unfortunately, we weren't able to sustain that. In the second half, we got going a little bit offensively, scored 40 points, but we needed the same type of defensive effort and it wasn't there. Yeah, I think they scored like 15 points in the first five or six minutes. So you held them really to 14 over the last 14 or 15 minutes. So a good defensive effort there. And like I say, you got down to four, went in down seven. So it's certainly the effort was there.  Yeah, the one thing that's plaguing us is the consistency. And the consistency, I mean, in all areas. Defensively, we gave up some straight line drives that we've been really working on trying to get our help defense there and guard the ball a little bit better. And we did that for stretches of the game, but we were hurt down the stretch with penetration. We did a good job of getting out to their shooters and running them off the three point line. Then we lost track of shooters for a period there and they had consecutive three point shots. And I think in a five minute stretch, they had three. And so those things are really hurting us. When we have a lull or we have a situation where we're not as consistent whether it be offensively or defensively, teams are taking advantage of it.  I'm here at Messiah Wednesday night and at Winder Saturday. You know, obviously at this point, you're kind of taking one game at a time. You know, obviously, you know, still, I'm not sure, still mathematically alive or not for Mac Commonwealth playoffs, but obviously you're taking one game at a time starting Wednesday night. So we've got Messiah Wednesday. They're playing very, very well. But we've got good players and we have to stay positive. Another opportunity for us Wednesday to play a very, very good team. And it'll take our full concentration, but we're excited about it. Yeah, and then obviously Saturday you go wide again. A game, you know, very close.  We're looking for that game, the same thing. Well, it kind of shows you where the league is. The first time we played Winder, as you mentioned, they beat us in overtime and then they've struggled and then you look, look Saturday in the box score and they beat like, so anybody can beat anybody in our league and that's what makes it fun, fun to watch. I think fun to play in and certainly fun to coach. Yeah, absolutely. All right, coach, we wish you the best of luck on the road this week and I'll talk to you next week. Thank you, Greg. All right, for Gary Stewart, I'm Greg Royce. This has been the Gary Stewart Show.


Hi and how are you all today? The question says, a bill for Rs. 21,900 drawn on July 10th, 2005 for 6 months was discounted for Rs. 21,720 at 5% per annum on what date was the bill discounted. So here we are given the fees value of the bill Rs. 21,900, discounted value is given to us as Rs. 21,720. So it means that bankers' discount is equal to Rs. 21,900 minus Rs. 21,720 which is further equal to Rs. 180. Now we are given the rate of interest as 5% per annum that is 1 upon 20. Right? We have the bankers' discount, we know the fees value of the bill and the time we can easily find out the period of discount through it. So we need, we have period of discount that is T equal to bankers' discount upon S into R. Right? Which is further equal to 180 upon S that is 21900 into R that is 1 upon 20 that means 20 will go in the numerator. So we have it as, it will also get multiplied by 365 in order to find out the period of discount in days and that is equal to 60 days. With the help of this period of discount we can find out the required answer. The due date of the bill was 6 months after July 10, 2005 plus 3 days of grace that comes out to be 13 January 2006. Right? We have the discounted period equal to 60 days that we have found out above. So therefore the discounted date is equal to 60 days less than Jan 13, 2006 minus 60 days that is further equal to 13 November 2005. Right? So 13 November 2005 is the date when the bill was discounted. Right? So this ends the session, hope you understood the whole procedure well and bye for now.


My name is Luis and I'm honored at the Antonius Farm and I've been farming here for ever since 2012. I have good years and bad years but these years look like it's going to be a better year than last year so I'm happy. Well, I have here raspberries, corn and strawberries, then some blueberries but the blueberry plants were small so they're probably taking another three years to be able to harvest some. And some sweet corn is coming and peppers, tomatoes are becoming some and it's about it. But what I really interested in berries, I'm a berry guy. Well, because this is what I've been growing for the last six years, you know raspberries and strawberries. And now I'm trying blueberries but it's kind of difficult to grow because I've never grown before so I don't know what the inputs to put it on. But I'm learning little by little. Well, my great-grandfather was agriculture, my grandpa, then my dad and now myself. So we've been in a generation of agriculture for a while. We're from Mexico, you know, we were farming over there a long time and then year 2000, no, 1972 I came over here when I was 18 years old and then I started working in the orchards, grown pears. Then I worked for 28 years. Around here? Around here in the valley. And then year 2000 I quit working in the orchards and then I started growing my own veggies. Then little by little I just became to produce more and more and now I produce around four acres. And that's how, yeah, four acres. And that's how I started. So I'm in this business ever since 2006. I started over there in Sands Valley then I farm over there for about five years. Then I move over here 2012. Then I've been here ever since. Yeah, I've been putting some fruit lices, you know, horse fruit lices in there and mesterego the soil and the soil is looking great now. So then unorganic, so I don't use any chemical fruit lices or pesticides once or ever. So I just do fruit lices.  Menors, yeah. I scare those in the fall. So that way if you be in the problems, the soil you are cleaning them out. So and then that's how I do it. I have some problems with the bugs, you know, sometimes they eat 25%. But then I give the 75% myself. And that's how I've been working. But I learned that if you keep healthy plants, then the bugs live in my lawn. The strawberries, you know, I just, I worked for somebody before I started growing it. This is back in the year 2000. I was working for this guy. I don't remember his name, but he was in the Applegate area. So he was a strawberry grown. So I worked for him for three different seasons. Then I learned some. Then year 2006, I started growing my own. And I've been learning, making mistakes. And I've been growing strawberries ever since. Well, no, I buy the plants first. Then as to that, then the start size is transplanted every year. Then when they give four or five years old, then I give new ones. I also more new plants and planting and do another four years and then rotate it. That's it. So this is my second year on different varieties for the last five years because this has no variety. It seems to me it's working really well because you can see the size of the berries are pretty good size. And this variety has every berry. So once it's adult, they just keep it producing all the way to October. And you have you pick? Well, I sell my products at the Farmers' Gross. Yeah, Farmers' Market, three days a week. I then call up and shopping cart. But I haven't done that for the last two years because we had bad years, not enough water. So I hope and I give back again in a year or two. But I usually do you pick, but this year I don't think I'm going to be able because I don't have enough. So some guy calling me that he won 20,000 pounds. Strawberry, no, I don't even answer him because, sure, no, I don't have that name. I don't know where he was from, but he left me a message. He was interested in buying strawberries. He won 20,000 pounds. Way too much. My kids, they helped me during harvest, but the rest I do on myself. You know, planting and weeding and all that irrigate. I do myself because I have a tractor and I have good implements. I can take care and I can do that myself. Suns Valley, I was farming over there. Back in, I started over there 2006 and work all the way to 2010. But I was not enough water in there. I was put it right. So I was irrigating after three pounds. So we get it our good heavy rainy year. Then we store it as enough water, but when I was a light year raining, so then it was the same problem as two years. So then I move over here and there was plenty of water for the next four years, I think, yeah. Then last year and a year before, we started having the same problem, not enough water. But this year, it looked like it's going to be enough water. I just lost all my strawberries that I had before, because they die and some of them got diseased because of being so dry. Not enough water on an early spring and late fall. These old new plants that I planted last June. So I just plant this little area here to give new plants. And then the rest, I grab the plants for here and transplant them over there and the other fields. Right over there. So you can see there's about 12 rows in there and I have another area. I can put some more later whenever I get enough plants. And up above are the raspberries. And then, yeah, then I have raspberries over there. The raspberries got a little hurt too. You can see the area in the meadow and how they're turning yellow. They're dying too because of that. But they're going to come back. Once I keep them warm enough for now on, they're getting those new starts coming. I grow some mackerel. My wife makes tortillas, tamales. So this year I did it there because I was having extra land because it takes a whole year to fuel it up with the strawberries. But usually what I grow most is strawberries and raspberries. But this year, you know, I didn't have enough plants for the whole field. So I grow a little corn here and there just to keep everything from fail. And peppers too. Peppers, I have some peppers that I grow for people, you know. And sometimes I make salsa for myself for the winter. So, you know, we've been living off the farm, my family and I. So I don't hire people because this is a family farm. My children don't want to be a farmer. They think there's too much work. So they don't want to be getting stuck like me working all the time. A lot of work sometimes is not enough money, you know. But I do because I like it and I enjoy what I grow. And if something becoming later, having time to give you food, then I can grow my own. So I'm not afraid of that because I can grow food. So probably never happen, but I'm prepared. You know, that's right. I'm not making a lot of money, but enough just to survive. Sometimes I got to borrow some money from my friends, not a lot, because I never want to get involved with the banks because then in a bad year, I know I can lose my business. So it's really hard for me, but I'm happy that I still can survive. That's for me. Yeah. That's the way. Yeah, so I'm not making a lot of money, but sometimes I just make enough to survive. Then sometimes in the wintertime, then I work for somebody else doing pruning so I can make money to eat at that time. So I'm not dependent by the farm. So I do a lot of pruning, fruit trees, because I didn't ask to harvest the corn till it ended and prepare it for the garlic, because the garlic I plant them in October and November. I put some in October, a couple of terries because it's four terries. So I do two and then November I do the other two. Then that way I can have a little early garlic for them. There's three year old plants, but for the last two years they didn't grow any because I didn't put enough water. I was just keeping them alive. And I'm happy I did, because I was using drip just to make them survive. But now I'm planting water, so I've been giving them enough so you can see I have no grown. Sometimes it's 10 inches long already, so I'm happy. They're coming. Then these blueberries, for the last one variety, early variety is called chennelers. And for here up is another seven rows. This is called agoras, and they're coming in later, like in September, October. So I have different varieties, they grow in different times. So that way I can have a little long season. Because if I get a whole bunch all at once, it's no work for me, because I sell so much in each market. So I like to have a little bit, but long process. Then over here I plant, last year, seven churros are very toneless, and they like this ground. Boy, they're doing really good. They already have a little fruit, so toneless, because those grew great, and I like that. This is my raspberry patch, and you can see all those rows in there, last year they were really solid rows, but I lost all those plants because for the run, being so dry, no water last year. So then you can see the rest of the plants and some have died, and maybe new starts coming up. I always do, so all these rows that come missing, I'm going to replant them and fall. That way they can get it gone. Yeah, I want to get some more plants after this too, and then fuel it up. That way, see how next year it will be. So it turned out like a campus, so I put it all the way around and look at the difference in the plants. They look beautiful. They like that. And the fruit got very large. And these are organic, 100%. I never use no chemical, fertilizer, so pesticides. Good stuff, good and tasty. That's why I like to be a farmer, because nothing tastes better than on the vine to your mouth.


Shantel, a WHO pre-qualified oral cholera vaccine, OCV, was introduced through the public health system in Ethiopia's cholera endemic setting, resulting in successful mass vaccination campaigns that demonstrated feasibility and affordability. This article was authored by Samuel Tishome, Sachin Desai, Jerome H. Kim and others.


parametrized by either a single number z, and I had an example which was just a family of cubic polynomials, or parametrized by two numbers, z1 and z2 and we had a family of quartic polynomials like that. In any case, once we had this family of polynomials, sorry, yeah, it's okay, it's just a screen thing. We had this family of polynomials and from that we produced, well, ultimately, we produced some concrete gadget called spectral network drawn on the parameter space c. It's a network of co-dimension one curves, co-dimension one general walls on c, depending on the choice of a phase which we call theta. In the end, what I gave you was just a concrete construction that just starts with a polynomial and produces this thing, but the way we were thinking of it was that starting with the polynomials, you produce something way more elaborate, which is an n equals two comma two supersymmetric quantum field theory. In that quantum field theory, there's this supernatural question to ask which is, what are all the BPS states? Or, as we said last time, a BPS state comes with this kind of funny invariant associated with it, a number, which is a complex number. The mass is equal to the absolute value of this number. And so the slightly more refined question was, what are all the BPS states that have phase, where the phase of the central charge is equal to theta? And so this picture is supposed to be the answer to that question. It says, for any point z, you ask, at that point, is there or is there not a BPS state whose phase is exactly theta?  So this is the picture which I also drew last time. In the case of the Cordic, where I fixed the parameter z one equals to minus one, and I'm just letting z two vary in the plane. Well, to be exact, this is the picture at theta equals zero, if I remember, right? I know, this is the picture at theta equals pi over two, I think. And I wanted to show you what the picture looks like as you change the phase, partly for fun and partly it'll be important later. So first of all, one thing you notice is, well, okay, let me just show you how it moves. So as we change the phase, the thing moves continuously. And in fact, all through all the values of theta, it just moves continuously. There's never a kind of discontinuous jump in this picture. You can convince yourself it kind of had to be like that. Okay. All right, maybe that's actually all I want to say about this right now and we'll come back to fancy ones later. So, okay, so that's a sort of picture that captures the spectrum of VPS states in this quantum field theory. Now, you might reasonably ask, is this picture good for anything else? So I want to tell you one other sort of mathematical thing that these pictures are related to. And for that, I need to introduce a little bit more structure. So let's talk about chiral rings. So yeah, it'll just be some concrete mathematical construction but let me to put it in the sort of broader context. So if you have a space C, which is the parameter space, really I should say the chiral parameter space. Anyway, some kind of parameter space of the quantum field theory. Parameter space of N equals two comma two theories. So these C's are examples of that. It carries a holomorphic vector bundle. It's a complex manifold. So we could talk about a holomorphic vector bundle that carries a holomorphic vector bundle and not only a holomorphic vector bundle but it's a holomorphic vector bundle of commutative algebras. So each fiber of this bundle, if you like, is a commutative algebra. Call it E. And those commutative algebras are called the chiral rings. So it has to do with the multiplication of operators in the topologically twisted version of this theory. But we won't need to know that. And the other thing it has is a map from the tangent bundle into E. So every, and the way you should think about that is that the quantum field theory sort of knows its own deformations. If you wanna deform it, the way you deform it is using one of the operators of the theory. And so every deformation, in other words, every tangent vector to this parameter space corresponds to some operator of the theory, something in E. Okay. Now, although it wasn't said this way in the early literature, there's another way of rephrasing this data. Which is, let's define phi, a map from the tangent bundle to C to the endomorphisms of E, a holomorphic map, by, okay, so phi of, so for V a tangent vector, for V a tangent vector, I have to get an endomorphism of E. So I have to get something that can operate on a section of E, okay, let's call it little E. So in other words, what I need is something that uses a tangent vector, an element of E gives me another element of E. Well, I've got a candidate because what I do is I take Q of V, now that's an element of E. E is an algebra, so I just take Q of E dot E using the algebra product. Okay. So the holomorphic vector bundle E comes with this extra gadget phi, and that's a gadget that you've seen, I guess many times by now, namely it's a Higgs bundle. So E comma phi is a Higgs bundle over C. So I'm saying these parameter spaces, the spaces where I'm drawing these pictures are also kind of canonically the basis of some Higgs bundles. And so it's natural to ask is there any connection between the Higgs bundle and that picture? What does that picture tell you about the Higgs bundle? That's what we're gonna try to sort out. Okay, so, but first, this was some generality, but I gotta tell you now how to make this Higgs bundle in the particular case of these families of polynomials. What's the Higgs bundle gonna be? Okay. So in, oh yeah, this two comma two supersymmetric field theory was called the Landau-Ginsberg model, right? LG model. LG model. So in the LG model, supersymmetric Landau-Ginsberg model, these algebras are pretty simple. It's just you take all polynomial functions in one variable, the variable X, and then you mod out by the ideal generated by the derivative of W. In higher dimensions, I would mod out by all the derivatives of W. Here, W, I think of, sorry, yeah, this is for, so W depends on a parameter Z. We're not taking the derivative in that parameter. Think of that parameter as being held fixed and we're taking all functions mod out by the X derivative of WZ. And then the other thing I gotta tell you is what is this map Q? So, and Q acting on some tangent vector, which I'll just write generically as D by DZ. So that, I gotta give you an element of E and that'll just be the Z derivative of W. Okay, let's see how it works in an example. Absolutely, so one thing that's, yeah, so if you have a family of field theories, so yeah, one thing it means is that indeed that all the correlation functions, even the algebra of operators varies in some kind of locally trivial way over the parameter space. In this case, the, yeah. No, not everything varies holomorphically, but if we were to restrict to the topological part of this theory, so it's an N equals two, two, supersymmetric theory, you can make a topological twist of it or said otherwise you can look only at the operators that are annihilated by some supercharges. If you look at only correlation functions for the special class of operators, which are exactly the ones in this chiral ring here, those correlation functions do vary holomorphically. Yeah, well it's hard because I haven't said what I mean by A theory. So how could I reasonably do that? Certainly, right, if you think of quantum field theory is defined by a Lagrangian, then indeed you could literally just explicitly deform the Lagrangian, make the Lagrangians be functions of an additional parameter. I mean that's exactly what happens here. In the Landau-Ginsberg model, in the Landau-Ginsberg model you literally write down an action and sort of the main non-trivial ingredient in that action is this function w of x. And so here we're just explicitly putting a parameter in that w of x. Don't make me try to do it in real time. Anyway, sorry if this is not the kind of answer you want, but maybe I can try more offline. Yeah, that's right, that's right. So the question is why don't I deform it in some arbitrary way? Yeah, so the statement is that when you make a deformation by adding a chiral operator, well maybe the simplest thing to say is the correlation functions in the chiral sector, the correlation functions of the operators that are annihilated by the Qs, it is a fact that those correlation functions depend holomorphically on the parameters entering in the super potential. Yeah, I said otherwise, maybe a better way of saying it is the following. The Lagrangian is constructed from this super potential, but it's constructed in kind of a specific way. Varying the super potential is not the same as making a totally random variation of the Lagrangian. So the statement is that the correlation functions I'm interested in depend holomorphically on the coefficients in the super potential. For a random deformation it wouldn't be so. That's what I meant here by saying chiral deformation. But it turned out in fact, see the cool thing is that if you make a deformation and you want it to preserve the supersymmetry, if you want it to be a deformation which keeps the theory n equals two comma two supersymmetric, there aren't that many ways to do it. There's basically two ways, chiral and twisted chiral. One of them is this kind of deformation where everything is automatically holomorphic. Okay, sorry. Let's talk about it later. So yeah, I wanted to write concretely what this Higgs bundle is. So let's do that. Where's the eraser? So in this cubic example. So to write this in just an absolutely, well let's see, all right, let's do this. So EZ is C of X mod out by W prime of X which in this case is just X squared minus Z mod out by that ideal. So it has a trivialization, or EGZ has a basis so it gives a global trivialization given by say one and X. Let's write X squared, X squared is already equal to Z. Then relative to that basis, so I've got a rank two trivial holomorphic vector bundle over my parameter space which is C. And then the only other thing I have to give you is the Higgs field. So let's write the Higgs field. So the Higgs field acting on the tangent vector D by DZ is well that's supposed to be the Z derivative of W acting by multiplication. The Z derivative of W is minus X. It's minus X acting by multiplication. If you work out how minus X X by multiplication in this basis you see it's a little two by two matrix. It's minus zero one Z zero. So concretely there's your Higgs bundle. The Higgs field is this times DZ. Yeah, thanks. No, no, no, I meant five D by DZ. I'm giving you already the Higgs field using that formula but this is the formula for the Higgs field. Okay, and similarly in the quadratic example, okay by similar computations which you can see in the notes but I'll just write the result. So here E is isomorphic to C three with a basis one X and X squared and the Higgs field. So now this is a Higgs field on a higher dimensional space, right, this Higgs field on C two. So phi of D by DZ one comes out to be this matrix. Zero zero one Z two Z one zero zero Z two Z one. And phi of D by DZ two is minus zero one zero zero zero one Z two Z one zero. So this is a Higgs bundle over C which is C two. Now actually in defining a Higgs bundle over a higher dimensional space I guess there's one condition that probably hasn't been mentioned explicitly because usually we tend to talk about Higgs bundles over one dimensional spaces. In higher dimensions there's an extra condition you put which is the bracket of phi with phi is zero. So concretely what that means is that this matrix should commute with this matrix but that's true because the chiral ring is commutative. These are all multiplication by different elements of the chiral ring. So we automatically get an honest Higgs bundle over this higher dimensional thing. Okay. Okay so so far I told you about a Higgs bundle, some simple canonical Higgs bundle that exists in this world. I didn't tell you yet what it has to do with the picture I drew. To tell you that I have to introduce yet a little more structure. Yeah. That's a reasonable, okay I just haven't thought about that. Presumably the reason why you asked this question. Yeah so there's an interesting question I wanna answer it to make a point. So Ray asked why is this Higgs bundle stable? And I think what he has in mind is that there's a solution of Hitchin equations on this Higgs bundle just if it's stable. I didn't say anything about Hitchin equations yet. It's true that this bundle is gonna carry a solution of Hitchin equations but this kind of quantum field theory way of thinking of it is gonna produce that solution directly.  I mean it's true that it's a solution of the PDE but you don't rely on some existence theorem of solutions of the PDE. Yeah in a way I sort of don't care whether it's stable but it must be stable because it has this solution. Yeah, okay so I wanna tell you a little more structure that it has. So this Higgs bundle maybe is cool but maybe you would say not super deep. Then there's some more structure in this story which is a little more interesting I think. So it's also supposed to carry a symmetric C bilinear pairing. Yeah. And a family of flat connections which I'll call NABLA H bar. So they're gonna be parameterized by H bar in C star complex number but they're of a particular form. There's one connection called NABLA infinity and then you shift it by H bar inverse times the Higgs field. And these are all compatible with ADA. Oh and ADA is also compatible with the caramel ring in the sense that ADA of A and BC equals ADA of A, B and C. So a lot of structure. I'm not gonna tell you in general how to produce this structure although it's a super interesting subject. I put a few references. But I'm just gonna tell you what the structure is in the two examples that we're talking about. In the Sokel. Okay because I don't know what the Sokel is. You want me to write a formula? Okay. ADA of F and G. It's a cool formula. So ADA of F and G is the residue at infinity of F of X, G of X divided by W prime of X. That's what it turns out to be. But let me just write concretely what it is in these particular examples. So in the cubic case, in the same trivialization I was in before, this connection, this family of connections, novel H bar is the trivial connection by trivial respect to that basis, I mean, minus H bar inverse zero, zero, one, zero. That was the Higgs field I wrote before. And ADA is just zero, one, one, zero. That might make you think the whole thing is kind of trivial. Oh, let's first say another word about this. So this family of flat connections, I'm gonna wanna talk about a little more later. So let me right away make a point that you've seen this before probably, even if you don't exactly recognize it in this form. Namely, so this is a flat connection in a rank two bundle, but this is one of the kind that you can easily convert into a second order ordinary differential equation for scalars, linear scalar differential equation. And the way you do that is just define a section psi to be of the form f of z and H bar f prime of z, function of z, the novel H bar of psi equals zero is just equivalent to saying that the function f obeys the area equation. So H bar squared d by dz squared plus z times f of z equals zero. So this is a nice little second order equation. It's called the Aries equation, the Aries equation. Okay, and in the Cordic case, this family of connections novel H bar looks like this. It's again, the trivial connection minus one half H bar inverse times zero zero one z two z one zero, z two z one d z one minus H bar inverse times zero zero z two one zero z one zero one zero d z two. And so if you look at this, it looks 100% trivial. You say, look, all you did was you took the trivial connection and you added the Higgs field that you wrote down before. Why am I making a big fuss about this? The reason I'm making a big fuss about this is that this is not right. I have to put in the top corner minus H bar. Without that, nothing works. And so there's something, there is some elaborate machine that generates these things. I just want to make the point that it's a somewhat non-trivial structure, even in this very simple world of just families of polynomials over C or C two. Okay, but if you do exactly this that has all the structures that I'm claiming there. Okay, now, yeah. What is it? You mean is there some sort of abstract? I mean, that's the thing, the construction of novel infinity is kind of complicated. Let me give you some buzzwords. Is that where the H bar comes from? Oh yeah, that's right, that's right, that's right. This H bar is contributing to novel infinity, exactly. I didn't want to write a whole matrix of all zeros and a one half, so I snuck it in here. Yeah, yeah, so buzzwords for this structure are Frobenius manifold, and a buzzword for the construction of this is cytos primitive form, if you want to look this up, or look in the references and notes. Anyway, for my purpose, I want to take this structure as a given, and I just want to analyze it.  So we want to study the flat sections, and let's actually start with just this area equation, which already has somehow the essential feature that I want to get at. The explicit ones that I'm going to construct have to do with boundary states of the Landau-Ginsberg model. Yeah, so, okay, so what are the NABLA H-bar flat sections? Well, so let's start with the area equation. So I actually want to write the solutions, it's a little easier to write them in this scalar language. So I'll write the solutions F of z. So for the area equation, there's a kind of explicit formula. Well, one explicit formula would be to say that the solution is the area function. That's a true fact. But it's somehow not very useful. So let me write a more useful formula. I'll write F sub i of z. So i is gonna run from one to two. And what I'll do is I'll take a contour integral of the function exponential of w of x divided by H-bar. Over some contour without boundary. So I'll call that contour C i. And then by little manipulation, which I put as an exercise, you can show that any such integral gives you a solution of the area equation. Now, so then the problem is, of course, to come up with a contour. So you first say, all right, no problem, you know, I'll just pick a contour. You know, I'll pick a contour like this. Well, okay, that gives a solution, but the solution is zero because, you know, this is an entire function, right? So you won't get anything interesting that way.  So what we need is to go to infinity along some direction where this, the real part of w over H-bar goes to minus infinity. So we need the real part of w over H-bar to go to minus infinity at the ends of C-I, at the asymptotic ends of C-I. So how do you make such a contour? Well, one very convenient way of making them is to use a so-called left-shed symbol. So I think this already came up in a much, much more non-trivial context in Pavel Putrov's lectures. This is like the most baby example of the same thing. Unless he talked exactly about this example, did he talk about this example? No, he talked about it just in terms of Simon's like infinite dimensional space and so on. Okay, so here we're doing it just in C. So what's a left-shed symbol? Well, what you do is you start from a critical point. So let's say call this x1 and this x2, and we'll take these to be the critical point. So w' of xi equals zero. You remember from last time there are two, here there are exactly two critical points. And now we take the kind of steepest descent path through that point. So let me just sketch what they would look like here. There'd be one going like this, one going like that, and one going like this. So what do I mean by steepest descent paths? So ci is a left-shed symbol through xi. That's the steepest descent path, which means it has along this path, the imaginary part of w over h bar stays constant, and the real part of w over h bar goes to minus infinity. If you started the critical point, there's a unique path in each direction where that happens. You just follow it to minus infinity this way and follow it to minus infinity that way. In that way, you get some contour on which this integral is guaranteed to converge. And it gives you a solution of the area equation. So here's using these two critical points, I've got two solutions, that's the basis of solutions for this second order equation. So that's great. It is another good property. If you wanna actually, if you wanna think about these solutions, they have one very useful property which is that you can easily understand, so this is not an exact formula, but you can easily extract interesting information from this formula. In particular, one thing you can extract is the asymptotic behavior. I should say this picture is when h bar is real. So this picture, of course, depends on the phase of h bar. This is the picture when h bar is real. Now, what we can extract from this representation is we can extract kind of asymptotic information about what happens when h bar goes to zero. When h bar goes to zero, this integral is gonna be dominated by the contribution very, very close to the critical point. And there's a standard method of steepest descent for getting the asymptotics. What you get is that fi of z goes like, I think I got it written correctly, so square root of pi h bar divided by w double prime of xi, that part's not so important. What's important is e to the w of xi over h bar as h bar goes to zero for h bar real and positive. Yeah, I should have said real and positive. Okay, so that's the good news. The good news is that these functions have nice uniform asymptotics. That's a good property for a basis of solutions they have. Okay, there is some compensating bad news. The compensating bad news is let's think for a minute about what's gonna happen when we analytically continue in the parameter z. So this was for one fixed value of z. I've drawn the critical values here. This is x one is like square root of z and x two is minus square root of z. Those are the critical values. Now, as we change the value of z, these critical points move and at some moment something discontinuous is gonna happen, right? So here, in fact, in this picture, you already see a kind of weird asymmetry. I've got a contour here in this sector. I've got a contour here in this sector. I don't have a contour here. Why not? Well, okay, it just happened that way. But now, as I vary the parameter z, at some moment, the topology of these contours is gonna suddenly change. So as we vary z, the contour is ci can jump. Not only can, but will jump. So I guess I'll draw the picture for a different value of z. So suppose that the critical points now are here and here, then this contour is basically the same. This contour c one, but the contour c two, the contour c two makes a big jump as I change the parameter z. The moment when it changes, if you think about it, is exactly when,