All right, so I was tasked with going through some of the challenges and opportunities that would come from processing sequence data across different projects. And so just want to summarize some of the discussions we've had around this topic. And so I guess the first slide is just to say why. I guess the point is that there are many analysis that one can imagine that would benefit from combining information across different sequencing projects. At a high level, some of the examples, you could imagine that if you have different studies that include the same traits, doing a math analysis across those studies will nearly always be more informative than analyzing a single sample or a single one of those studies. As we try to explore the role of rare variants, it becomes really important to have very many controls. I'll show just a small example in a couple of slides. And obviously we could say that every single project should type thousands of controls, but I think there's also probably room to say that if we can coordinate analysis across different projects, we can extract many of these benefits in a less expensive way. As you imagine a situation where there'll be tens of thousands and eventually hundreds of thousands of sequenced human genomes, you can imagine that this will provide very high resolution information about the role of natural selection. You might search through even quite small functional elements in the genome and say, you know, which ones of those never vary or only very rarely vary when I look at hundreds of thousands of individuals. And I guess one challenge is that even modest differences in how sequences are analyzed in each project can make some of these analysis a bit more difficult. And so before discussing the options in a little bit more detail, I just wanted to give two very small examples. So there's a gene called complement factor age that's been associated with macular degeneration in many studies or actually the region that includes the gene has been associated in many studies. And earlier this year, Sumi and Raishaduri working with some of the people in this room showed that the particular rare variants in the gene was very strongly associated with the risk of macular degeneration. And so it turns out that we had some sequence data for the region, and so it was interesting to see if we'd be able to recapitulate this finding in our own data. You know, our own data included about 2,400 AMD cases and 800 controls. And if we look, we see that this exact same rare variant that was described is seen in 23 cases and zero control. So that seems very appealing, right? Yeah. Wow. But it turns out in this particular dataset, because there's so few controls, the p-value is not so exciting. So if you had sequenced many genes or even if you just have many variants in each gene, you know, this doesn't really stand out. It's only in the top, you know, 0.3% of variants, but there's thousands of variants. Now if you were able to look at data from other sequencing projects, for example, if we checked, hey, what happens in the 12,000 exomes that were used to design this exome chip, then you say, ah, in those 12,000 individuals, that variant is seen only twice. So seeing it 23 times in 2,000 disease cases becomes quite impressive, right? So, no, obviously you'd like to do this in a systematic way, you know, in this case we already know the answer, because Sumi and colleagues did a very nice analysis, but there's probably more variants like this defined that will inform about the function of other genes. Okay, so that's one side of the coin, why we'd like to do it. You know, another side of the coin is that there are challenges if you don't do this in a careful way. So many of you have seen QQ plots for all sorts of comparisons. It's common to show them in genome-wide association studies. And one of the things you'd like to see in these plots, I apologize if they're very faint, is that you hope that variants fall close to the 45-degree line for most of the variation. In this particular slide, we're comparing exome sequence at two different centers in a particular large project. There's a set of variants that were judged to be of lower quality, and those show many differences between centers. But even, you know, something like half a percent of the high-quality variants are very different between these two centers if you take the initial calls. If you call them jointly and spend a bit of time filtering them, then you get an analysis that falls much closer to that 45-degree line where there's few spurious differences. Obviously, being sequence at one center or another in this particular project was not a phenotype. So if we just said, you know, let's compare results between studies, probably most of the differences, most of the things that would be highlighted, would be dominated by data processing artifacts. Okay, so what are the options in trying to combine data across studies?  You know, you could imagine taking the simplest option where each project decides how best to analyze its own data. They're certainly virtuous to that approach. If you spend time generating the data and thinking through it for many months, you can probably do a very good job of calling it, maybe better than someone running a central analysis pipeline could do if they've only just had the first look at your data. Now, even for this, to have benefits, I think we need to spend time making sure that data is in standard formats, is stored in ways that are queryable and that facilitate analysis across studies. There's some opportunity to do these analysis in a more planned way. We might imagine having minimum standards for what we would like to see deposited. We'd like to see certain kinds of variants analyzed and stored, for example. We could even imagine making these standards quite strict and specify that certain analysis still should be used. And this would be, have the virtue of making these data sets more similar. You could imagine then yet another layer, which would be to actually recall all the studies or certain groups of studies centrally, and this would make the analysis the most uniform. So if we start with option one, you could say, well, let's just use the calls provided by each project. Now, I think even though this might not sound super-appealing, certainly in a workshop that's titled, what kind of central analysis can we do with sequence data? I think there's many valuable analysis. They're actually relatively robust to differences. If, for example, if we decided to focus on method analysis where we analyze each study independently and then combine results across studies, those analysis can actually be very robust to what variants are called in each study, whether some study had more or fewer false positives in their list of variants. And I think to be fair, most of the benefits from the ability to do these joint analysis, we're not realizing yet, you know, not just for sequence data, but even for genome-wide association studies. I mean, it's still quite a cumbersome process to combine results across a few studies. Even if you just say, you know, I'm going to have low ambition, I'm just going to analyze each study, do methanels across many studies. I think there are many things that would be nice to see happen to make this more practical. You know, these range from harmonizing phenotypes, making sure that data formats are standard and consistently used.  It can't just automatically scan across different data sets, even if you have access to several of them and try and combine results. Obviously, we talked a lot yesterday about streamlining data access protocols, and I think that's also very important. So, I think all these things, you know, how we store phenotypes, how we use standard formats, data access, basically there are many things to do here that have nothing to do with centrally processing data that have potentially very large payoffs in terms of models for making it easier to combine data across studies. You know, I think there are differences that we have between studies that we could probably try and reduce, and I think this could be helpful. You know, you could imagine that when data is centrally deposited, you could find some minimum standards. This could be, well, we'd like to see analysis of indels in addition to SNPs or certain types of copy number variation. One important thing is that many sequencing studies nowadays report variants are discovered, but it's very hard to interpret the absence of a variant. Is it because the region wasn't well sequenced, or is it because the region was very well sequenced and nothing was there? When you think about using a sample sequence by other projects as controls for your samples, it's really important to have this detailed annotation of what could have been discovered in a second project. You know, I think you could even imagine requiring that all data that's deposited is processed at least once with the same set of tools. You know, in my view, I think that even if we spend time making these things happen, I see the improvements as actually somewhat incremental in relation to option one. I think if each data set is processed separately, even if it's processed within the same tools, there will be still important differences between data sets that make it impossible to directly combine data. You're still limited to doing meta-analysis kinds of approaches. You know, for example, it's common now in sequencing projects to use a series of filters to remove variants that are likely to be artifacts. Those filters depend quite a bit on things like sample size, so if you have a large or a small project, the quality of variant calls is probably going to be quite different, even if you analyze them with the exact same tools. Option three, you know, what if you try to jointly analyze data across many projects? Obviously, this would be the most computer and labor intensive, because it requires things to happen that wouldn't happen by default. There are many analysis that you could imagine benefit from larger sample sizes. If you're trying to discover new variants as you have many more individual sequence at a particular position, it's easier to discover variants where evidence might have been marginal across many samples. If you're trying to resolve complex events, break points for structural variation, and things like that, it's really, really helpful to have sequence information across many samples. If you want to resolve haplotypes, if you want to decide if a variant is real or if it's an artifact, if you're trying to decide that this doesn't smell right, because whenever I see support for it, it's always on the same strand. In any one study, it's hard to be sure. It could happen for any variant in any one study, but if you see the variant in many studies, and the support is always in a particular strand, then it becomes quite dubious that it's real. If you're able to process data centrally, and there's a new analysis that's possible or new set of analysis tools, you can allow those benefits to percolate to data that was generated previously in the cross studies. I think right now, we're actually in the situation where it's technically feasible to call tens of thousands of samples. Mark, the professor outlined how they've recently done this for 16,000 exomes. I know internally we've called something like eight or 9,000 exomes at a time. So we're very close to those numbers. And so I think this is really feasible. And it's especially so if we're willing to be happy with 80% solutions. When you imagine, for example, calling data that's been deposited across many projects, there's always issues with dealing with legacy data. If you say, ah, I need to include all the data, that might mean, well, you need to include data on solid, which is a platform that's now obsolete and no one is developing, or might be. You need to support very short reads that are only 30 bases or so and that are now no longer generated. So if you're willing to say, I'm going to set aside big swaths of the data that greatly reduce the complexity of the problem, then this is probably quite doable. To make this doable, you really need to spend time on how is it possible to access sequence data across many studies. If these analysis require manual intervention, they become much, much harder. And we need to really be realistic about what the challenges of dealing with corner cases are. Are we willing to say that we will drop many types of legacy data because the reads are too short, because the higher rates are a bit higher, because they use platforms that are not being actively developed for? And I think quality control for these kinds of analysis is also quite important. One experience that many people in the room are aware of in the 1,000 genome project, a few months ago found out that there was a set of five or six samples that had sequence data with a little bit lower quality. And these accounted for 5% to 10% of all our indel calls in the project. So a very small number of samples, a little bit lower data quality. And until we had the right filters in place to pick them out, they were distorting results for the whole project by quite a bit. I think related to these ideas, and I think something that's worth thinking about, is that there are certain types of information. And the little frequencies are one example. But there's a few other types of information that can allow many of the benefits of joint calling without requiring you to share raw sequence data. So you could imagine having some distilled view of the haplotype structure of different samples you've sequenced before, and that if you now sequence a new sample and try and place the sample within that haplotype structure, you'll be able to call it much better without actually having to access the raw haplotypes for all the previous samples. You could imagine that if at each base you annotated, what's my current evidence for each possible variation at this site across many thousands or tens of thousands of samples. Now when I look at data from a new project, I can use that as my prior for variation. And that will improve the quality of my calling, even if I don't look at the raw sequence data for all these previous projects. I think the risks of sharing these derivatives are similar to those involved in sharing a little frequencies. And if we do move ahead with the idea that it's OK to share a little frequencies for very large sample sets, we should explore what sorts of these derivatives can be generated and can be easily shared to facilitate analysis of new sequence data. OK, I think this is my last slide. And so I think I'd expect that all these options actually are likely to be tried first, not in a central repository setting, but probably by investigators that have some shared scientific interests. If you have a group of investigators that's studying, let's say, the genetics of lipid levels or diabetes or schizophrenia, they have a very strong incentive to say, hey, what happens if we combine data across our parallel projects that all have information about this trait? They have a strong incentive to say, what happens if we just take the raw calls? What happens if we try and analyze the data in parallel ways? What happens if we try and actually put the data in one place and analyze it together? And I expect that that's where we're going to see these analysis piloted first. I think currently, even if you look at the simple things that can be done with math analysis, we're not really explaining what can be done with data that's, for example, deposited in DBGaP. There's probably not that much sequence data there yet. Lots of this data is still being generated in the process of being deposited and so on. But there's tons of data on genome-wide association studies. And even when those studies look at have traits in common, most of the time, there has been no math analysis, even a cursory one, to say, what's our current status of knowledge for a particular trait? Now, I do think there are exciting things that can be done if we combine data across projects. And I think this is worth pursuing. So I think this is basically the summary that I had. Yeah, David. So I start to get the sense that data processing is almost like an art, right? If you do it and I do it no matter how hard we try, we won't do it the same way. You may use different files. And so while you say one part, we will be getting to these centralized servers. Another thing that's a variation of the options you described is pre-bundled packages of standards in which you hit run and you get the same result, I get the same result. And what that requires is putting together a hodgepodge of tools and getting together the licenses, but to have a release, not of a genome, but of a variant calling approach. Has there been any conversations about not just standardizing in terms of a recipe, but standardizing in terms of a pre-packaged set of options and all the other things go with it? Right, so I think that conversations about that are important. And it is hard to translate these calling platforms between centers or between different analysis sites. And that's one of the reasons that many people think the cloud is attractive. If I can define some calling process on the cloud, I might have a virtual image of what's required to those calls, and I can then share it, and you can plug in your data and pay for the compute time and call it with the exact same process. I honestly think that right now, if you look at where we are, the biggest issues are not the differences in calling. There's many analysis that we could do despite the differences in calling that right now don't happen because it's hard to access the data across projects and so on. I think if we just made sure that everyone called with the same set of tools, we would still have all those other issues to resolve. But I actually think if we were resource unlimited and had the software engineering bandwidth to produce tools of the sort, like someone asked earlier yesterday, does this have to be centralized or could it be possibly a distributed model? And I think what you're saying is right, that in some sense if you had tools that were sufficiently transportable that they could go to different people's settings, run on their computers, be sure to give the same output, you could do some of the processing in a distributed manner and combine if you could, in particular, share the information on error modes and sites that you get from large collections, which is part of the different outcome we might get. In other words, it might be that running the same exact software tools on 10 batches of 1,000 samples does not give the same answer as running that same set of software tools on 10,000 samples because of the borrowing of information. But nonetheless, I think there's a implementation challenge as there is even for creating one, for any given group to create one such environment to then package their tools so they can be guaranteed to run on anyone else's computers, to have someone talk about help desk support, so that when someone puts it on a machine that's not fast enough or not configured correctly, it runs. You know, I mean, it's not that it's not a good idea, because I think it actually would be a better outcome.  I don't think it's that hard to put together the set of tools we use, tar them up. You know, most people use Unix-based computers and to have input of a fast Q and output of a VCF by which you've at least stabilized the version and some of the things used along the way to build an annotation. This gets complex because these tools typically are not designed to process one sample. The challenge is, if I have, you know, 10,000 samples to process, I'm going to process them in some clustering environment. And my clustering environments are very different from David's and from yours. And I have to coordinate how jobs are scheduled and how they're divided and they have many moving parts. I think that's part of it. Mark? Well, I think, you know, that this particular aspect of the implementation data processing could be done in such a fashion, but I don't think that that's really responsive to, you know, the mission of this meeting to create a repository whereby we can share data and benefit across studies. We could develop the types of, you know, clinical querying systems that benefit from tens of thousands of genomes having been sequenced and interpreted in one place and centralized tools for the community of people that aren't us who could possibly do all that data processing ourselves, but really need, you know, some centralized tools to access the fruits of our labors. So, do you get requests for interpretation of individual genomes in clinical or research applications that you are fitting into your process and using your variant callers for, Gonzalo? You know, we do get such requests. I would say that it's really not my area of expertise, so I think, you know, how we, you know, how we, you know, we have limited ability to answer those kinds of requests. But I guess the more general question is, is the aggregation that you're talking about directed towards that problem in any way or should we just sort of set it aside if we're going to start to think about that problem? Okay, so I think if you're able to aggregate many genomes and analyze it systematically, it informs many problems, and I guess the problems that I highlighted at the beginning were mostly research problems, how do you discover a variant that's associated with a particular trait and so on, or how you discover regions of the genome under selection. I think it also greatly informs, you know, annotation of individual genomes. It's different if you see a variant, if you know that it's different if you know that this is a gene that commonly varies with, you know, similar types of variants, or if your variant is unique for that gene or for that functional element. But, you know, interpreting an individual genome is, I think, is incredibly challenging right now.  I do spend a little bit of time talking with people who do this for a living and, you know, and I would say that for most kinds of things, and for most genomes, even when they know there's a Mendelian disorder in the family, it's not clear how you interpret what you see. I think it's not really responsive in some way to Richard's question. It may be that today it's challenging to do, but I don't think, and maybe everyone in the room has different points of view, but I would say that at least in some cases, yes, this is related to the challenge of how you'll do, that people do ask for that, and if we think about how to create such a system, it's going to have to involve how you compare that genome to other genomes and reference knowledge bases that you have. So, Mark and Carlos. So I just think, you know, we have been doing that, Richard, with the, you know, Mendelian families and with, you know, some individual cases that are colleagues at Mass General of Sequence in terms of combining reusing Mark's tools in the system that he described to reanalyze those exomes and have gotten, you know, really helpful results on a technical level that we then tarry forward into those types of analyses. So I think this is something we should be thinking about. Carlos. So just 2.1, I guess in response to Richard's question, it's certainly possible that a central analysis server could serve that function where you act as a broker for people who have clinical data, you could clear the database, has anyone seen this variant, and you could even get information on what study that variant was seen in so you could contact potentially, you know, if you have a clinical reference laboratory that could be connected in that way. And I think to the question of aggregating for doing pipeline analysis, in my mind it's similar to the early days of genotype calling where if you wanted to call the rare variants you had to have, you know, enough to train the cluster, but eventually I think some of this will stabilize once you have 1000, you know, sequence genomes then in fact I don't think there will be that much variation from analysis to analysis for the N plus 1 genome. So I think there's a sort of transition phase that we need to think about, but then longer term we have to go towards being able to do clinical interpretation in what will eventually probably be a HIPAA environment so that people can get results back. And I think that gets to, there are two issues. So there's joint calling and there's a real value to that and it's not taking away from that value. But then there's also the aspect of smaller numbers that need to be called as samples. Yet it's still important to share those and essentially put those together because I don't think people will redo joint analysis with every new sample. So there's two things that I guess I'm focusing on, not taking away from the importance or value of joint. One thing I think is worth point, I mean there's two issues with joint calling and I think, you learn about the alleles from one sample and genotype in another. But also you get enormous improvements in specificity because errors that, sites that are errorful in one sample, you often gain lots of power to identify as an error. And in fact across multiple samples you have a common error. And that is actually what I worry about a lot with clinical sequencing. If you're doing single samples then what you're really doing is not just missing some small number of variants because you can trump that to some degree with depth it's that you have systematic artifacts that really can only be removed by looking across many samples. So a good example of this is cryptic duplications that are in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibria across lots of samples. You could never know from a single sample that this is happening. So I think the other point is, I think Carlos's point about the N plus 1 genome is actually quite important because if you do have 100,000 sequence genomes there's probably a set of summaries of those that you could imagine deriving that makes it easier to call the 100,000 first genome almost as well as if you analyze it jointly with all the other ones. Yeah, I just don't think we should assume that there's two modes, one of which is we do joint calling and one is we do one-off genomes any more than, I mean again, we live in a world where like five minutes after anything happens in the world it's completely webcrawled to every one of us. There's no doubt that systems could be developed, again whether we'll invest enough to develop them such that maybe not every N plus 1 genome but every night or something like that you figure out how to update the analyses you have the value as if you had done calling on all of them and you've added in incrementally otherwise I think we'll be delivering a much worse clinical product than the research product because we won't be benefiting from all the things we've learned.


A guy comes in, needs to lose 35 pounds. 35 pounds overweight. They want to improve their blood markers. They want to become healthier. Do you make them lose body fat first or do you make them build muscle first? So 35 pounds overweight. I think the benefits of focusing on skeletal muscle are gonna always outweigh the benefits of focusing on adipose tissue because when you create healthy muscle, you really improve your metabolism and the efficiency of utilization. So I would focus on skeletal muscle.


...bukanchu kwa na matiwa ulazi kwa tuyo. Kwa na kwa rapisa hujia kwa tuyo. Kwa tia kwa kwa kwa chaneliz euro olazi yukipa na social media kwa handa wa michel. ... karibusana hizzugia. Kasia, maha mwen kwa kwa chuja wajituu kwa kwa mtwende kwa wajitua, kwa hwajitua inaika kwa sikia. ... kwa tisha kwa nwa skrinu. Kwa kwa. Nmbya Sh巴ro, kwa hwajitu kwa nmbya. Nmbya ya na kwa fotografi ni yasn. Kwa ni kwa wahisha, Samsonia Fotography Karibusana? Tunina Samsonia Okay, what I've mentioned of what you do is Director of Photography Nimehacha kichu inginei kwa bayoyako Yes Actually umehacha Umehacha ila mingi Director of Photography is just one of them I am a Director of Photography I am a Photographer And I'm also a Director What's the difference This would be wondering You just said Director of Photography Now you're telling us you're a Photographer In a different way And then we also told us Now a Director Ume ye kakando Um so A Director of Photography doesn't have to be a Photographer A Director of Photography Is not a Photographer Okay A Director of Photography actually works With the video Continue the video A Director Doesn't have to be a technical person Doesn't have to be a Camera Operator To Be a Director Okay As long as we implement The way the script is Working with the Camera Operator Or the Director of Photography Okay Now the Director of Photography is more technical He also doesn't have to be a Camera Operator But It is An added advantage If he's a Camera Operator So that He or she knows The best lighting for A certain scene The best Camera Movement The best Lenses The best Angle and such A Photographer Nakuna Different Photographers Nakuna Paparazi Nakuna Paparazi Hi Yes, I know That is the same expression that you have So tell us Paparazi So different between Paparazi Piga Picha and a Photographer In Simple terms Let me give you an example Okay Nakua Wedding You will find three different Photographers What are the Photographers Yes Paparazi ni wale hawa jaitu waka wedding Ule na piti wamisha nakakamera hibi Ule ni Paparazi Na atakulete apicha Ujama wambia Yes, there's those scenarios Ntu apicha Na jua na Wanyu waka event Ama ame contractio na church Ama wanyu location Ana piga picha Ana professional Maybe to get money And that's the call So they don't have the skills Not necessarily So they just have a camera And they are looking at it as a business And here I am, I have to get things done Piga picha as long as you know As long as kunam tuapa kwafrem, it's good Ena Photographer Is now the professional side Sasa Ule Ana he's actually enjoying himself All the rules You will find them mostly they are organized Kamani uniform One of the poor Equipment And then how they relate to the client How do you want to collect What is it called, a contract? Okay So it's more professional There's a rapport between the photographer and the client Yes Okay, right Now those guys who take pictures I love taking pictures of myself all the time So my photographer Maminin Piga picha Um You just photogenic Okay, so tell us Where did it all began For you What did you start with Were you a photographer before You go into director of photography How did it all start So back then I used to be a dancer When is back then Way back then Just immediately after high school That was around 2010 2009-2010 I am old It used to be called DLT dance crew Yes Tuli chujwa sakata Kwa mi chujwa Tuli fika Si kwa finals Kwa kwa chujwa Si mi nice to yourself No, I agreed My dancing Niliwa na tu wacha ni pereleke After event in Meisha To make a camera chini wacha to dance up Just for fun So when I was a dancer We were doing Missions also at K crew It's called K crew kubamba crew So we used to do Missions to different high schools We go to different places They came a time That Kukanda kukuna production So kuna wasi wana fanya video And photography At one time in Kitale Photographer kusho up But equipment junior K crew I was So Jugush from K crew Aka uleza Kuna mtua na juku pigia picture Sushi KU to pigia picture I used auto the whole time But wali penda picture So I got motivated and the next time I went for the Missions I didn't dance Nika hanzo kupigia picture That's how it began Thru time nika jufunza Nika kwa na interestata zahidi Even before Nika fanya Nika jufunza from YouTube I used to look at photos on Instagram aiko eme It was Facebook and Other platforms So I used to see photos And then I go Find out on YouTube how to Get that shot How to edit it With time pia nika hanzo Enda kwa Different photographers Nga enda na wa pigia Actually si kuna pigia client Kuna pigia photographers Nika hanzo Then Apparently nika hanzo kwa niata videos For them like behind the scenes Videos for the photographers And Nika patanata na other directors Music video directors Nika hanzo kwa na job now I just had the interest na Nika enda laivo I came to learn about music videos I did music videos At some time nikiwa hapo Na jufunza I got a job As a correspondent As a photojournalist Okay, before to figure out So you're a student of YouTube You gained all of your skills For me YouTube Did you have someone Who held your hand A mentor of something Yes, I had different people If I want something I usually go for it, I usually push people So there's Different people like Nili Skuma And I didn't get all my skill from YouTube I used to get some of the tips From these guys that I used to go to Directors and photographers Yes Okay, so here you are now Self proclaimed At that particular time So you have learnt on the job And you're good at it considering where you are right now So at that particular point Did you look at it as a business Like you can actually look This can sustain me at that particular point So I need to improve on my skills For what angle and what perspective In the beginning It wasn't Kama job But It dawned on me that I am starting to Get into that industry And I can make money from the industry So nika make So the first thing I actually I was told Register company What you can register Where in the leah You can register So apparently Kumbi niku iku jaisa ide So it kind of And then I used to shoot a lot Niku huku And are you getting paid as you're doing this Yes Niku So here you are You were told to open a company What are the requirements And how important is it for A young person who is looking forward To be a director of photography So a photographer in general To just have a company running And uh First you have to have the interest And the energy to To start a company Number two you have to have support Like a mentor That will show you this is the way Don't do this, don't do this He avoids And then You have to do a lot of research Especially for me like Nimeji Funza You have to do a lot of research You have to have all that information with you So Basically Kwa tu na interest You will just find a way Okay for someone who is watching us I have interest But gaining cameras, lighting It's not cheap So how did you hack that situation For you I think I got lucky Because I had the zeal To work on it I saved Na pata gigapa Pale pale na save kiasi kiasi And then At first I didn't buy a new camera A new camera is expensive I got an entry level camera The first time I started The camera that I started with I was given by a friend And he was a laptop But he also loved photography Director said So he gave me a camera A brand new camera Go make money So I used to go shoot Na piga Niki piga tu So I used to push There's a time when there's a job Na ya ya So I have to give him back his camera So I started saving I started saving Through his camera I got my own camera Ata Nikiwa na ma jobs Sasani tukuliko tu nenda na ya ya And also the same Because he also played a big role In building my skill What was your first project And then When revenues kicked in This one can actually be a business What was the first project I don't know if I remember I can remember that one But there's a time I did The graduation Shoot for Graduation ceremony For Students wali kwa na Graduate from supersport That was the first time I had a cheque I had a feeling Thank you I was happy to hear that And how Did that shift your mentality Concerning What you were doing as a photographer Um He your cheque I actually took it to show show And he did And we met So kumbe si lasi maulipu e kakash ama through kwa si mu, naza li puna ah, then I can have my own company and get paid in check. So tata ni kanza kukwa serious, tata that is where it kicked in, ni kanza kukwa serious. Even when I'm pitching for jobs, niki yandika proposal na Google na yandika, tata zi nila li kwa la download templates na yandika. And then when I used to get calls for jobs, mimi nila la shikasimu. Tata say ma, this is some sort of photography reception, how can I help you? Even do li kwa la shikasimu. Clienta wakiyo naivo wali kwa na… Yes, level of professionalism. How many photographers will you send? Let me talk to our boss and then we can get back. The next call, the next time I call them, na banisha sa utiki dogo. Okay. And this is Moana from Sanchoia Photography. We are going to dispatch two photographers. Okay. Yes. So and I was alone at that time. Yes. And how important is it, sorry for categorization. Kwa we have young guys who are starting off their businesses at an early age and they want to have, they want to go higher at receptionist, they want to go higher an accountant. They are just starting off. So how important is it to just be, you know, like, you wear all the hats? Yes, it is important. What was the manga, fake it till you make it, it works. It works. But as long as you have legit content or product. Yes, you have to deliver good work. Another thing that, I don't sound out much, but another thing that makes me, makes my work of photography and video ikue dogo different. Like for events, when we shoot an event, I usually make sure we have an editor on set. By the time to not occur you event, atuna, atuna deni. Oh, everything is done. Everything is done. Maybe video, but when you deliver work within a short time, come out on the photoshoot, after interview, by the time you're getting back to your location, uta patatu link. You have your photos and then your showreels. So when you do that, people start noticing the professionalism in you. Oh, do you feel like that builds also credibility? Yes. The point, apart from showing that you deliver on time well, another thing that made me start doing that, delivering immediately after the shoot, is because client tange kumbe ya, ukitu wa pichandionita ku lipa. Ukimali za kumbe, the footage, the camera of the photos, nili lipa location na emcee, wacha ni kipata yun ginen taktafu. So stories after stories? Yes. But when you deliver, umemali za kazu mempati ya, ataka blue token umembe ya, eh, ni wakitu ya kazi. Ya, I've done my parts. Yes. Another thing, have a contract when you're getting into a business with someone. Have a contract. Miki fanya hivi wa wuna fanya hivi. Yes. Okay.  Yes. And what was your first package? Just for you starting off as a business. What was your first package? When it comes to the things that you do. Okay.  So what was your first package looking like? The first one is, we understand what the client needs. If it's photography, we have that. If it's video, we will know how to do that. If it's things like live streaming, we actually have a department for that. That actually, but there's a team that works with that. Even off-late, I don't edit as much. I'm not gifted in editing. That's why I got an editor to work with us to kikuna footage, kikuna he. So we work with what the client needs. So it's not a tikuna he package, we're not photographers. So we are just a group of creatives. Photographers, editors, videographers, evo. So everyone has their own role to play? Yes. Was Kapitol an issue or a challenge and how did you cap that situation? Definitely Kapitol is always an issue. Especially when you look at other photographers on equipment, on adi van, on adi security. Uniforms? Yes. Sisi to vendor to freestyle, just cameras. So what we did, the first time we started like a company, to lishikana creatives kama four. One videographer, one editor, one photographer, evo. Kila mtu akuna ikut mendi ake, ako solo. So kama job ni mimi ni meitiwa na itna sema, I have a crew, doale, so na pikiya wale. Ule mojaki tuwa job, tuna enda, kama jobi ake. So tuna enda kama employees wake. That is how, back to real statement angu, fake it till you make it. That is how, tuna enda kwa event, we are a whole team, mwenyali pewa yu job ndobos wetu, at that time. Chukenda kwa kwingine, that's the way. I feel like it's not like literally like faking it because you guys are professional in what you do. Yes. But now what you needed was a package. Yes. Total package when approaching a client and how you actually want to look in the eyes of the client. So couple of challenges that you faced along the way, number one capital, number two is security. Apa inja kameraz naibi wa. Another thing is making a client understand that times are changing and prices change also as you also grow your equipment and skill beilazimaz change. There are clients wajetulianza now and they're still they're still clients up to now. Some of them have understood their growth. Some of them want to say Nasi 2012 ule mele pisha hibi. Muna size hibi. And also you've also improved in your skills along that time frame. Inventing skills is actually more expensive than buying equipment. Yes. So client na kwa mbia e moka ule le pisha hibi. Muna bei me panda. So how did you get to be like working with the Timuakurungesi wa sepa lehum abil mutu and what he does on YouTube. My favorite content will be the one that he I think he connects what happened from way back to like a current situation or something of the sort. What does he call that? I think you're talking about headline hitters. Headline hitters, yes. That's one of his episodes. He has that. He has celebrity encounters.  So how did you get to work with someone who has been into the industry for like over a decade? Yes. So how did that connection come through? So we were during the time of covid last last year. Yes, it was last year. Ani last year. We were watching Tumatulia home. We were with director Dambis and a photographer called Zibi. We were chilling at home watching content on YouTube. There was nothing to do. So we had with time we bought we already had equipment. So when watching Tumatulia, hey Abel and I shoot videos and see them. And then Dambis decides see we call him tell him we have equipment and we have manpower. So that is when we akakzept call and that's how it began. So that as simple as that as it was that? Yes. You know most of us from the from the outside side when you look we always think like when you look at Abel Mutua and the kind of name he has made for himself in the industry. And then you think like will he actually even accept to work with me. So we question a lot and just you making it clear that it was that simple. What made you what gave you guys confidence, that level of confidence when I reach out? You see the music videos that we had done me and Dambis the music videos that we had done at that time or before that time is it because in the kitchen or TV everywhere We have shot for Moji Shot Baba we have shot Vimba Da we have shot Kuzitoka we have shot So you guys have made a name for yourself? Yes. That's important. Yes we've done very many even for Chris Aero. So we already had a name at that time I was doing photography for Mo Sound that was for groove groover ones we were doing event event photography we were doing adverts so we already had tundu kwa nakaji nakindogo So when we called Abel all tungefanya ni kumonesha what we have done and what we can do and then we had recently done almost a similar thing but it was live but it was live we were the same crew that we were doing kaleche mumo live enankat when she was doing live on Facebook Alright yes Okay so for someone who is watching us and they want to work with a particular celebrity content creator what will be your word how should they go about it? First understand what you do and what the content creator does if it goes that's the number go for it also consider does he have a crew hours was because we know Abel works with is a co-founder at Philly Productions so that's a whole production already On its own now so Aki by the way it's true to me it's true to me tuli kuna confidence calling Abel to kijua kuna whole production but that one call it may be evo too but it works so from that from then from that time I don't only shoot for Abel it opened up other doors other doors because I did photography for TTNT that's for I also do some of their photos and videos for Ketak Chess I can confidently say that I am the director to director Phil Okay Okay a whole journey there it's just saying that anything is possible if you just believe in yourself because you're a student of YouTube now from student of YouTube does YouTube pay because all this you're talking about from TNT to Abel Mutual's content content is from YouTube so from where you sit and the people you've interacted with which are content creators you can be sustained by YouTube Yes you can Wakuru Genzi just the shows that are in YouTube the whole crew that is involved with that they are almost for everyday shows they are more than 11 just the crew that is employed by Wakuru Genzi so yes YouTube pays and from YouTube that is where you get sponsors Advertise Advertisers yes Okay so clearly it does pay Looking back what would you say that was one of a hell of a mistake for someone who is studying of please don't do this that would be your your advice What do you need to do don't doubt yourself just go for it Yes Okay so how can people reach out to you if they want to keep this conversation going if they want to work with you like I'm going to in a few minutes from now Yes so how can people reach out to you I need to get my camera ready So my socials Samsonia Photography Facebook, YouTube everywhere Facebook, Instagram Samsonia Photography even the email is samsoniaphotographyatgmail.com Yes Okay Thank you very much Maura Kamau for creating time to be Okay that's the ID name so thank you very much Samsonia for creating time to be with us we appreciate and I'm looking forward to working with you and people back at home as well I'm so sure of that looking forward to this conversation again Thank you very much Achan kachkua kama Please do Lazi mat fanyi manianos So I try to find my channel as well as across all our social media handles that Michelle Ashira as well as across all my social will be right back with another interview


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Welcome back folks down in just shows right now down 25. Nazik is off 21 S&P's are off 5 and a half and you know Tommy and I have some fun with this whisper number folks, okay? And this is the first time this has actually happened, but it's pretty cool in the top 10, baby Yeah, if you're watching Target TV, you're gonna say we they just came over to us Congratulations earth eighth place in the Bloomberg in the league of top 10 for the United States Department of Energy US crude oil inventories so the estimate was a decline of 2.5 Yeah, and we had guessed an increase of 1 million Not bad. Yeah, we'll take that for sure. I know man. Yeah for sure Gotta love it. So let's go. I want to we have a guest coming up. We have our man. Teddy. We got all Okay, folks You're gonna love it man. We get over our man to Mr. Teddy Teddy cake stack You can find Teddy every trading day at 4x dash trading dash unlock calm And of course what ends up happening is that we have been Kind of in the same place for quite some time because we are waiting for a good old Brexit and Parliament to see what is going on and evidently something's going on because the S&P's and everything else is going or in the red Wild right now. Teddy cake stack. What's going on brother? Yeah, I tell you what we have a US dollar bull going on and we have two currencies I think the whole world is watching right now one being the pound of one being the New Zealand dollar Which one do you want to talk about first? I'm good for any of them, man. Shoot. Okay. Well, let me talk about the New Zealand dollar first That's more of a technical thing. Okay, the New Zealand dollar is making some major lows It's hitting some key support right now The dovishness of the New Zealand central bank just really slammed that currency really so It's a big move. It hasn't moved like this in a while So it's gonna be interesting to see how this is really gonna pan out There might be a bear trying to over the next week and a half It's still really hit it hard. It's quite a daily bar. Yeah, 69 to 67. Right. Wow Yeah, that's like the rug just got ripped out from underneath it when all the other currencies are relatively quiet today Okay, okay, and then of course, you know, I guess the the whole world We're definitely still waiting for you know, what's gonna go on with Brexit here There's no doubt and you know if we look at the dollar. Yeah, the the bowling bears a they're still just fighting it out, right? Absolutely, absolutely But I think that right now if you look at the pound it's kind of a new right now It's very neutral on the days trade, but if you look at the level It's a very key pivot level with a lot of tops. Okay, so I think that this right now It's at a gravitation point and now you were hanging on this boat We know that it's finally coming, you know, the chokehold is there for all the politicians So they come and make a decision now or never, right? Yeah, that's absolutely It's now or never so and I think that the market no matter what is Bullish the pound. Okay, so it's once they come up with a result I would say odds are if there's a break at first.  I would yeah, right. There's not an accelerated rally into new highs Which I think that's probably what will happen. Um, so there's definitely a volatility playing. It's not gonna hang in this area That's for sure. Yeah, you buy the reaction. So what do you think's going on with the euro? You know, I mean we getting close to the lower into this consolidation that has been in for you know So it's going all the way back to what November, right? Right and it's actually been a rather weak, you know, like on the you look at it over the past couple months It's really just a sideways trade. Yes You get it really over to past few weeks and what have you is more leaning towards a bearish move leaning on support Now it's coming into this area where when there's bad news Okay, let's say let's say the market was getting correct right now, especially over in Europe And there's all kinds of bad news, you know that they were trying to bury the euro What happens when that happens? They can't get it below 112 111 half and that's when there's tons of bad news You know, so there's really no nothing coming out. That's really harsh like that So I think it's more the dovishness that's now settling all around the world, you know Because if you remember when we were talking before Christmas, we had the euro zone You know, they dropped all the quantitative easing stuff that they weren't doing and what have you and they were looking towards raising rates Which made the euro strong relatively, you know against the dollar through the holidays and into the new year Okay, now you don't have them talking about really going towards raising rates But they're not they're not being dovish either, you know, but that that talk of That which would be the carry trade, you know So the carry trade I think is completely off the table pretty much in all the currencies because we've had central banks for the past six Months including our own that we're looking towards raising rates and spiking things up now all of a sudden We started to go dovish. We know that Tentatively there may be one rate hike in September But otherwise it seems to be off the table with a very transparent Fed in my lifetime and trading career I don't think I've ever seen a Fed that's actually Done what they said and said what they did and in such a short amount of time and it's you're like, whoa This is not like we don't have to second-guess them right now It seems like they're just telling us exactly what their plan is and if that's the case The other banks are following that right now And that's right. We have slowly grinding bull for the US dollar against all the majors, you know Take New Zealand aside That's just because of what their central bank did and they think that's a confirmation for what I'm talking about here Is that now they followed suit so you have the whole global trade zones of central banks? Basically looking at they always look to the Fed for what we do, but now it's like they're actually following what the Fed does Yeah, no, I agree man.  You're 2.3 for this morning.  Sure, you know Yeah, a lot of a lot of moving pieces man, and I guess the real question is gonna be one thing to change things If like for instance, they keep talking about the global slowdown Yes, you know in Asia and in Europe now You are the economy no matter even though they keep trying to say things are slowing down and all of a sudden the numbers come out And they're like it's contrary to what the consensus seems to be pushing towards But then it's so we all you guys have been in the markets long enough to know that when the markets going up They're always predicting the sky is gonna fall when the sky is falling then they're like oh, it's about to turn around, right? Yeah, no doubt so I think a lot of that is going on right now But because the markets are not reacting is confusing things and that's causing this like drifting You know just kind of neutral trade especially with the currencies and even the interest rates because now if this all this Dubbishness stuff that's going on What's gonna happen to rates? They're gonna be in a range. Oh Yeah, and listen that might take this this tenure wants to go to 2.0 or 2.1 And it's like okay, man, you know, it's like what is that all about? Well, it just might be about Low rates and a longer period of time across the world We start getting earnings in a few weeks, right? That'll really we'll see what happens in terms of the guy lower again Do they do they deliver on you know their expectations that could drive some of the fears for sure they cost the money is down That's for sure. Yes, I mean market is always correct, right gentlemen. Yeah, you can't fight it. No ABC they say the market gets it wrong But I know that the market never gets it wrong because it's the market right exactly you have to do is look at The bond market they got it right so much earlier than everyone. It's like oh my god, okay? I mean they've been buying bonds since November. Okay, so it's like why well, guess what because rates are going down You know and look at gold too, right Tom. Yeah, no no no It's the same thing and we know the cycle of things is first the bonds move then gold moves then equity Right. I'd love it. Listen folks every trading day can reach Teddy at 4x dash trading dash unlock dot com Check it out folks. Teddy. It's always a pleasure, man. You have a great week safe week. We look forward to speaking the next Wednesday Thanks guys. Thanks so much. Thanks. I like one stay right there folks Tommy I coming right back to get some selling in the market. We get the doubt on 63 Nasdaq is off 37 as a piece are off 10. We're coming right back


Hello everyone, here is your God, and tonight I want to play a fun game that one of my viewers sent to me, it's called Fin Van Kisto, and you can play it for your return, you don't need to shoot the game, and it's a very bad game, in fact I think that you can finish the whole game in 30 seconds, but of course I won't do that because it's not long enough. But before I start to play the game, I now want to show you something else. Have you ever noticed that the wall doesn't exist anymore? Because the green table is already broken, and I painted it, but I didn't do that well. I have to paint it again, because it's now painting it in a strange way, and it looks like this, so I have to paint it better, but probably I won't do that during the week when I have time. But now I want to play the game, so it's called Fin Van Kisto. Push one to four to choose the game, but of course I'm alone, so I just choose one game, and push a key to go north, south, west, east, and push a key to create. So I just used the space key to create, and you'll see later what it does. So here's my house, of course that's mine, but it seems that it has a lot more money than mine, so I don't know about that. That says to come, to see, to win, yes, that's Fin Van Kisto thought, and it has the green table, of course when you're a Fin Van Kisto, you have to put the green table, because if you don't do that, you really aren't Fin Van Kisto. So here's the level, it's not that much, it's just a construction, and it seems that the level is in, yes, the 2017 Congress, so when we're all going to the event, yes, we have to do what we're now doing in this video game. So now I'm going to the construction, and I'll see someone else, of course, he isn't a Esperantist, because he doesn't have a green table, so what do I have to do? I have to Esperantist to do that. So how can I do that?  You just move them, and black, not a chair. So now I have to find someone else to prove what I just said. So here's someone else, it's strange, he doesn't want to stand in front of me, so I just push him to the corner, and he's very close, and he touches his thumb, and then he writes, I almost wrote, and then he creates a black chair, and there's a new Esperantist, and of course, when we're in the need, or not in the need, when you're in the need, when you're in the need, you have to find someone else, and it seems that he wants to know what you're doing, but don't push him to the corner when you're thinking. So now we have three new Esperantists, so now I have to go to other rooms, but I just do that, but I don't, oh my God, there's a big group of people here, and it seems that they're convinced, but they're not Esperantists. So I have to ask them, don't push him to the corner when you're thinking. So I just converted the whole world, but why do they still want to run away from me? Well now, who are the Esperantists? What's happening? No, don't push him to the corner, but what's happening to that table? What's happening to that table? Did you forget about that table? But apparently the people who wrote that, they just really like to read in letters, and they just want to use one letter, so I can't pronounce it at night. And apparently I converted that whole room, so there's people here. Can I buy a glass of tea, and also... No, don't push him to the corner! Oh my God, I can't run away. Oh well, are there others? I'll see one more. You're alone, not Esperantists in the whole world. How can you feel that you're not Esperantists in the world of Esperantists? No, don't push him to the corner! The end is coming! You're caught! So yes, there's the whole game, and here's how to be a good, Finnish guy. So, if you like my video, like it, share it, subscribe to my channel if you haven't already, and I'll see you in the next video, and if you're not there, I'll find you, and I'll black out, and tell you what you're thinking about. I don't need that. And as always, I want to thank my subscribers for Patreon, and that's it. And if you want to donate to my channel, because I can make it more beautiful, you can go to the link below, and you can subscribe to my channel.


Is it really just sensationalism that we point out that ancient history is absolutely replete with inaccuracies and the fact that there is evidence all over the planet pointing to our conclusion that we are in fact from a civilization so ancient that it makes the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians look like modern cultures? It's not sensationalism and we condemn such accusations and we must point out that the true sensationalist are the ones who have spoon-fed us their own interpretations of what they expect history to be. All we are doing here is presenting facts that should not be overlooked or ignored any longer. We all need to have access to this evidence as we weigh up the true meaning and timeline of ancient history. Wait till you hear this. In the ancient Colburn text, the Great Sphinx is referred to as the Rakhma, which is patiently waiting for the day of the destroyer, but what exactly does the word Rakhma mean and how do we know it to be in reference to the Sphinx? Well, in ancient Egypt mythology, the father of the gods, sun god and protector of mankind was Raw, so the term sun god is fairly self-explanatory or is it? Emanuel Velikovsky, who was an author of several controversial books, reinterpreting ancient historical events, points out that in ancient times, the word sun was sometimes used to refer to a different planet altogether. A planet which exploded many thousands of years ago in a nova light burst a brilliant light and earned from Chaldean astronomers the name Allop Shemus, star of the sun. According to the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, the Chaldeans called this planet Helios, while Babylonian astrologers knew it as Shemosh and Ult Galud, the Great Sun of Storms. In India the planet was once called the sun's name, Archi, and in ancient Greece it was Phionin, the shining one. The Zoroastrian Parci Vandayush speaks of the star Tishtar, saying that for thirty days and nights, he was distinguished in brilliance, and in each form he produced rain ten days and nights. Every single drop of that rain became as big as a bowl, and the water stood the height of a man over the whole of this earth. The Colbran roughly echoes this measurement, when the tumble quieted and the waters became still, they stood no more than three cubits above the earth. The Mexican Codex says that the first world age, which ended when the earth was destroyed by a universal deluge called Atenoteu, the son of water, was proceeded over by a body in the heavens called Cee Actul, this planet known as Cronus of the ancient Greeks, was called Saturn by the Romans and has been Saturn ever since. In other words, the Ra in the word Rakumah could refer either to the father, protector, sun god Ra, or the planet Saturn. Many names in the Colbran have become skewed over centuries of translation, but not Kema. In the Old Testament it appears in Job 38. Can you bind the cluster of the Kema, or loosen the cords of Kessel? And in Amos 5.8, Sikim who made the Kema and Kessel and turns the shadow of death into the morning and makes the day dark with night, who calls the waters of the sea and pours them out of the surface of the Eretz. The Lord is his name. The third century Jewish astronomer Rabbi Barnachmany wrote, when the Holy One wants to bring a flood upon the world, he took two stars from Kema and brought a flood. And the 11th century scholar Rashi Isaac bin Solomon wrote that a comment called Kema caused the flood. Whatever Kema was, it was a force to be reckoned with. The ancient Egyptians certainly thought so, for as the philologist E. A. Wallace Budge notes, they used the word Kemi, meaning destroyer, and to destroy or attack. Vilikovsky was convinced that the planet Saturn caused the great flood. In the beginning uses a host of ancient Greek, Roman, and Sanskrit texts to support his theory, identifying Kema with what ancient texts called moist Saturn, Kessel, with hotmars, and suggests that a supernova explosion by Saturn precipitated the flood. Apart from Saturn, there are other contenders for the role of planetary villain. In Saint Jerome's fourth century Vulgate and in the King James Bible, Kema is translated as the star cluster Pleiades or Hades, or as the star Arcturus. Vilikovsky rejects these interpretations, pointing out that in rabbinical literature, the term mazel kamash used mazel means planet, and Saturn, he maintains, is the only planet that can be identified with Kema. Whether or not Vilikovsky was correct in identifying Kema with Saturn, the Cobra makes clear that the great flood which followed this planetary event was one of almost total destruction. It was preceded by days of brilliant supernova light. Two heavenly bodies fell from the sky, one of them belched forth fire and hot stones and a vile smoke. It covered the whole sky above, and the meeting place of earth and heaven could no longer be seen. The stars in the heavens were loosened from their places, so they dashed about in confusion. There was a revolt on high, a new ruler appeared there and swept across the sky in majesty. This cosmic chaos turned day and night and triggered earthquakes, whirlwinds, thunder, lightning and volcanic activity accompanied by a terrific noise in the heavens above, followed by great heat and bitter cold. Then the earth was bombarded with water from two different directions, from above the earth's atmosphere and extraterrestrial torrents. The floodgates of heaven were opened, the pillars of heaven were broken and fell down to earth, the sky vault was rent and broken, and from below in gigantic burst the foundations of earth were broken apart, the surrounding waters poured over the land and broke upon the mountains. Characters in the world's ancient calendars suggest this heavenly chaos caused a change in earth's orbit. At some point in the ancient times the Hindu Arians, the Babylonians, the Egyptians, the Mayans, the Mexicans, the Incas and the Chinese all amended their calendars from 360 to 365 and a half days. The writer Richard Mooney suggests in Colony Earth that an alteration in earth's distance from the sun and its orbital position would account for the difference in the length of the year. If earth had been jolted out of its previously held orbital position, the moon also would have been affected. The change would have affected the earth-moon system. Since the moon is a smaller body than earth and the distances between them much smaller than between the earth and the sun, the differences would have been even more noticeable in the case of the earth-moon system than in the case of the earth-sun system. Was this the kind of shift that the Sphinx early warning system might have picked up on its sensor? The Colburn states that the earth has been completely destroyed twice in human memory, once by fire and once partially by water. The destruction by water was, it says, the lesser destruction. But when Kima and eruption of heavenly bodies from either Saturn or a star cluster fell to earth, it brought about the second worst disaster in our planet's history and spelt unimaginable terror for mankind. What is interesting here is how close Rackima, father of Kima, is to the Sphinx's later Arab name Abu-Hal, father of Terra. Could Rackima be an extremely ancient name for the Sphinx? If it was then as human memory of the terrible event of the catastrophe dimmed over thousands of years, Rackima might have become simply father of Terra. Whatever the answer is, whatever the truth may be, we are certain the Sphinx is older than anything we have yet to come up with. It was built to last and as a warning system at Giza, an astronomical clock that we are as yet to fully understand. What do you guys think of this anyway? This is part 3 in our Sphinx mini-series and if you've missed the first two episodes then please go and check those out. These videos are based on decades of research from people like Graham Hancock. We will leave links below to these sources guys so please be sure to go and check that out and help spread the word. Part 4 to follow, we hope you are enjoying these videos. Comments below and remember, the ways by which we arrive at knowledge are hardly less wonderful than the discovery of these things themselves. By now it's 100 years since Darwin achieved his victory over the book of Genesis. Now it is a little bit difficult to go back and to say, well, the story is not exactly so.