wanted to discuss some of the points that were brought up in the movie. I have my own opinions about who came up with the signs of baseball. So I wanted to explain a bit about the name dummy. That was not seen as an insult at the time. It was just a word that people used to mean someone who can't talk. Before people who had glasses for instance might be called spectacles or specs.  And so it's the same with the word dummy. It was not an insult. It was it was a compliment. They were nicknames. So he died when he was 99 years old. Not many baseball players lived out till the age of 100 or more. So that was a big accomplishment in itself. Now I'd like to see a vote. Who do you think came up with the signs of baseball? Do you think it's dummy hoy? Do you think it was Bill Clem the Empire or somebody else? Who do you think came up with the signs of baseball? Who think it's dummy? Raise your hand. Raise your hands. Okay a good number of you. Who votes for Bill Clem? Show your hands. Okay one. Who thinks it was others? Great. I have five supporters. Glad to see you in the audience. So you can see here the year 1905 is highlighted in red. And I did that to show a chronology of years and you'll see that to come. A lot of players would talk about Bill Clem as as umpire. And you can see here 251 ejections. He was famous for his ejections. And he was proud of them too. It was really a difficult job, especially for someone who was shorter in stature like he was. And a lot of the other empires were tall and they had they had that advantage over players who were shorter than them. He liked the old arbitrator but he hated he liked to be called that but he hated the nickname that was given to him Catfish. One time he walked to plate brushed it off and saw there a newspaper clipping and he got so angry he ejected the catcher from the from the game and he said he was innocent hadn't done anything. But the newspaper clipping was about Bill Clem making a bad call and that was the the image of him in the newspaper clipping and that's why he he he outed him but he didn't respond to that. He claims that he invented hags hand signals and he was boisterous about it. People who talk a lot do get a lot more attention. That is true. Interesting the year 1907 is when they started requiring hand signals and baseball and a lot of umpires didn't like that. They felt like making the hand signals made them look silly and that belief of hand signals making someone look silly persistent society to today. Bill Clem was made the most ejections of any umpire. Number two was Cy Riggler. They're number one and number two for most ejections given in baseball. They're both recognized for that. So you see here that he started umpiring in 1906 and he unlike Bill Clem was very tall and intimidated the players. They didn't want to argue with him. He was over six feet tall which in that time was very rare. Before entering the major leagues he umpired in the minor leagues and he used signals there. When he got to the major leagues he was surprised to find that signs were already being used there. So you see here that I've highlighted the year 1883 which is before Riggler and Clem. He went to the Ohio State School for the Deaf in the 1870s. There was a baseball team there and Demi Hoy was one of the players and they were using hand signals way back then. Signals to signify safe and out and perhaps the signals rippled out from there. Perhaps they were carried on to baseball from that beginning. In 1886 there was an exhibition game and there were hand signals being used there. Ed Denden was a player there and the regular umpire wasn't able to work. So they chose him a deaf person to umpire. Perhaps they thought it would be useful for him to use hand signals and he probably got his hand signals from the Ohio School for the Deaf. He did. So you see here that a head shake was one of the signals that meant you did not make a play and a wave of the hand meant you were out or like this. This signified out. So again we see here in 1870 he umpired a major league game. And I just want to explain that a little bit. At that time there was usually one umpire. Today you'll see four on the field and one in the dugout which is five all together. But when he was umpiring there was one and if you couldn't, if you didn't have that one show up to work what would you do? Cancel the game? Apparently they didn't. They would choose the tallest player of either team and get them to be an umpire. It was tough to argue with the tallest person there. So you see the last sentence here probably played against the San Francisco SEALs in the 1903. He stopped playing major leagues in 1902 and then in 1903 he played for in Los Angeles California 211 games in one season. Today the limit is 162. That's the maximum you can do today. And he did 211 games. Why did he play more games in California? Because it's warmer. The weather here allowed for the playing season to be longer. It was a much longer season possible for baseball. So because he played 211 games that means he must have played against the San Francisco SEALs in 1903. So my choice, my vote, is the Ohio School for the Deaf. That's who I think came up with the signs for baseball. Ed Dundin used this system and perhaps the signs spread from there. Can you even imagine a high school team touring pro baseball teams and beating them? Can you even imagine that? That's what happened way back then. And remember baseball was a new pastime at that in those years. A lot of the schools for the deaf started having baseball teams because they'd watch the children playing all day on the weekends and the children at the school for the deaf would be there. It was a residential school. They would be there for nine months of the year. So that's why baseball started to become popular there. You see all these names of major or minor league players. The first five names were teammates and played pro teams together. It's quite amazing. And they used hand signals that whole time. So perhaps they were exposing all these pro teams to hand signals even then. I want to bring your attention to the last bullet point. 1899, he was playing outfield, threw a ball to home plate and got three runners out in a single game, which is still a major lead record today. And perhaps some of you know of William Mays. He's done one compared to his three. Just one. And he's in the Hall of Fame. Dummy Hoy has more stolen bases than he does and he's still in the Hall of Fame. My daughter has a ball signed by William Mays. In 1902, that was the only time in the history of pro baseball player, pro baseball that two deaf players faced each other. Dummy Taylor pitched for the New York Giants. I never heard of the San Francisco Giants talk about him. That would be great. But Dummy Taylor was a big guy, a tall guy and a little bit of a bully. He was a dorm counselor in my old residential school for the deaf before I ever even was a student there. I heard about him. It was an excellent pitcher. In 1979, Ohio State, 1879, they toured the East and the Pacific. I think there was about 15,000 miles in one summer that they traveled. Incredible. They beat six out of the eight pro games. At N Dundin, the movie mentions him briefly. They don't give a lot of background information on him. But from my own research, I saw that he was one of the first to use hand signals. And perhaps he was the one that started the signs for baseball. So the very last bullet point here. Remember that baseball, you know, when before they used hand signals, it was very difficult to hear what the call was that the empire was making. It was like there was a glass wall. Why isn't Dummy Hoy in the Hall of Fame? Here are some possible reasons. One is he stopped playing in 1902. The Hall of Fame started in 1936. Writers and reporters and people who were choosing candidates perhaps didn't remember him. The Hall of Fame has a committee of veterans who decide which candidates to choose that of the old players. But none of them knew Dummy Hoy personally. So there was nobody to advocate for him. Another reason is that Dummy Hoy was very humble. Many reporters and people, writers asked him a lot of questions about baseball and he would write back to them. And baseball historians loved his writing, loved corresponding with him. He had so much information about baseball. But he never spoke about himself when he was corresponding with them. And he never said that he invented science for baseball, so he didn't advocate for himself either. He was extremely humble. I'm sure you've all heard of Babe Ruth. Most people have heard about him because he was so boisterous. He hung around reporters. He went to bars and parties, socialized with everyone in his field. People loved him. He was a good player too. What do you think? Should Dummy Hoy be in the Baseball Hall of Fame? Some are saying yes. I think he should. I think his statistics alone are incredible. They didn't have a Hall of Fame when he was playing. And he lived much longer than so many of his friends. Nobody was left to advocate for him. Sam Crawford is an old man and he played with him, played against him. Says that Hoy was the originator of the signs. Some people think that the hand signals just happened organically on their own. Fans demanded it. Reporters demanded it. Fans couldn't understand what the umpires were saying because they couldn't hear them. Today, everything is broadcast, but they didn't have that technology back then. I'm sure you've all heard of Pete Rose. Do you feel that he should be in the Hall of Fame? I think he should, but he's kind of a bad boy. He's a gambler. So he's out. He gambled, but his team didn't. He was not thrown out of a game. He was a serious player. But the major leagues just focused on, well, they remembered what happened the Chicago Black Sox scandal with the World Series, how they lost all those games on purpose so that they were able to get more money. So ever since that gambling has been really frowned upon, perhaps you remember Eddie DeBartol, the 49er? Yes. He was involved in casinos and the managers were worried about the criminal activity and that they might get involved. Criminals might get involved, so he was thrown out. Do you have any questions for me? I'm not an expert in baseball. Everything I know, I've researched and just read other people's words. Oh, thank you so much for the applause. Whose hand was up first? I saw a couple hands up first. Is it you? Hi, is this working? Okay, can you talk about, okay, the film shows a picture of him with Connie Mack, the founder of the athletics franchise. Can you talk about his friendship with Connie Mack? I think Clark Griffith is also in the same picture. Yes, he played baseball with them. He played for actually six different teams. And those two were players on one team with him, Connie and Griffin. I also, I forgot the six different teams he played with, but he played in various teams. And so imagine his use of sign language and how those signals spread across the league that way. Prior to that, there were maybe some hand signals used. But after that, they were more widespread, especially the use in California with the hand gestures and used predominantly in these games here. And of course, it just spread from there. And during those 100 211 games, follow up question. So Connie Mack played with the Pittsburgh Pirates, I think in the 1890s, was that where they cross paths? Who? Well, I'd have to do some research first. I think you can look on the internet and major league baseball or MLB.com and they have quite a extensive list. Thanks. And possibly you can see some of the teams that were involved on that list. The teammates. At that time, the teams were typically small. They maybe had a handful of players 12 or so. But now we have several more players on the teams. So my question is about the signs that the catcher gives to the pitcher and the signs that the third base coach relays from the manager to the hitter. Do you have any thoughts about how those signs came to be? Those are different sets of signals. The catcher signals that they tell that they're communicating with to the pitcher happened much later. They evolved much later in the game. And those are agreements made between teammates. And and we prior to that, there were no curveballs. And we look at baseball historically. There wasn't enough time in the manner that they were pitching at that point to throw a curveball. They had to move back to a further point on the pitching mound to be able to throw a pitch like that. There had to be enough time to make a curve before it hit home plate. And so different types of pitching styles developed over the years.  There was no need to do hand signals before that because those those types of pitches didn't exist. When dummy was playing, he would would be looking at the third base communicator whoever's using the sign language from there. And that just prior to prior at his point in the game, they weren't doing that type of exchange between the catcher and the pitcher. Other. In 1902, when dummy Hoy faced dummy Taylor, do you think that they signed to each other? And what would that look like? Yeah, yeah. Yeah, well, you know, sign language is is different from back then. I was signing this earlier to the two interpreters and they were like, What does that mean? What does that mean? But that's an older sign that we use for height that we indicate height. And it's more indicative of an older sign about measurement. So in what I was growing up, this is the sign we use for height. It's it just changes language of all those evolves. And at that time, sign language was much slower. Now sign language is much faster and the pace is different. And people sign with one hand, they just go all over the place at various speeds and it's, you know, mind blowing. Back then it was a very different language. It looked different. So it was much slower. But I imagine at that time, you know, it's of course, it's evolved since then. And today we have the sign for technology. It's signed like this. And in their days, that word didn't even exist in the language. You know, I was a farm boy, I grew up on a farm. When I grew up, we were talking, we were using hand gestures indicate what we were doing. And I'm showing this to my interpreter now. And, and she doesn't know it. But it was a sign we use then for plow. And it was a sign that indicated, you know, the things that were being used at the time and we were on farms. And that was the kind of language that was being used. And it evolved from there. Currently, we signed this for man. At their time, we they signed boy and tall or boy and short, a different girl tall girl short indicated an adult woman or a young girl. And of course, those time those signs have changed over time to be to look different. Are there any other deaf players aside from Hoy and Taylor? I'd say there's about 15 altogether in pro baseball 15. The last one I forget his name. Oh, what's what's he on with? Curtis pride, right, right, right. Curtis pride. He's the he's the last last player. And he started out at Gallaudet University. When it was a college and and and was a communication major. And then what rather once his communication improved, you can imagine prior to that he didn't have exposure in high school, and he didn't have the same opportunities. I'm sorry, you had another question you said? Yes, it mentioned in the in the film that he was called dumbing and used that he approved of the name and was proud of it. Would you say Oh, yeah, if you were called that name? Would you be proud of it if someone had called you that name? Well, for me. Well, you know, I don't know about the young kids, but I'd say in my day, you know, we would just say deaf, we would say we sign we sign deaf. Oh, rather the kids, the kids use deaf now. But hearing impaired isn't something that it indicates some sort of brokenness. And so we would sign deaf. Not focusing on our the medical hearing loss or the biological hearing loss but about our culture. And so it's a word that has more of a pride, a sense of pride around it than a sense of what we cannot do, which is here. If someone called me dummy, I would call that an honor. So I don't know about the young kids, though, but that's that's that's a different crowd. Last question. Any last questions? Growing up in Iowa. What were your first experiences with baseball? And how did you get to love baseball and really begin to enjoy it? What were your first experiencing experiencing made baseball? Yeah, well, when I grew up, I actually didn't play baseball. I tried out for the sandlot team, but I was struck out immediately. And so embarrassed, I didn't show my face for a while. But on the farm, you know, I pitched quite a bit and I would pitch that ball. And I would back up a few feet and try again. And it's to it to the point where I was pitching at 60 feet. And then I guess when I was 10, I was the first time I had been exposed to baseball in that sense. In the 1950s, the Yankees, everybody was a Yankees fan. Because they were a popular team. And I thought that I was I was interested in the Yogi Berra. I was interested in Yogi Berra, the catcher. And my friend Whitford, Whitney Ford, white Ford. We would talk about catchers and and he stopped playing because baseball had stopped for about two full summers. He went back to home during the summertime to work on the farm. I was a lucky kid because I could play catcher. And the high school principal at the time was a hearing guy. And he would tell us to where to play. And he told me I'd play catcher. So he would throw a curveball. And that thing would go around and then end up right back in my mitt every time. And it would look like it was going clear around, but it would come back. And so I started to see the idea of skill in pitchers, and that you could make a ball go in different directions and then end up over over the base over home plate. And he was famous for giving up five home runs in a game. Mike, the principal that I mentioned, he was famous for giving up five home runs in a game. He was kind of proud of that. But I appreciate him for showing me how to how to pitch a curveball. I learned a lot about pitching from him. And it was a gift. You can't develop it if you don't have it. But he blew it. I thought, why do I have to practice? Why? He thought he thought he thought why do I have to practice? That's not necessary. But he kind of blew it with that game. Thank you so much for coming to speak with us tonight, Dave.


Next up we have Fang. Hello everyone, my name is Fang, I'm sorry, yeah. And I'm the Service Design Consultant at the Public Digital Innovation Space, also known as PDAs. We are a team, sit in the Digital Minister Audrey Tang's office in the Taiwan Central Government. My work mainly focuses on human-centered policy making and co-design of services. So today I'm going to talk about two practices in Taiwan that respond to our topic today. They are V-Taiwan and Participation Officers Network. So V-Taiwan is an experiment that prototypes an open consultation process for the entire society to engage in rational discussion on digital economy. The V may stand for virtual, voice, and verb. It has a dynamic process and tools which are always adjustable by everyone. While having an online discussion, we also meet up in hackathons every Wednesday night because deliberation is always about coming together and talking. V-Taiwan's consultation meetings bring together severe society, including government officials, experts, and relevant stakeholders into large-scale discussion on policy issues. V-Taiwan was born with the help from the government, from the GovZero community that, as I mentioned, one of their mindset and concept is to fork the government after a crisis. And that crisis was the parliament attempted to run through a new trade deal with Beijing that erupted into a two weeks long occupation of the parliament. The V-Taiwan approach initially reacts to emerging difficulties of regulation. There are 23 topics have been discussed through the V-Taiwan process, with 20 of them contributing to decisive government action. It brings people directly into governance and help lawmakers implement decisions with greater degree of legitimacy. Let's talk about the UberX case. As an example, it was very controversial in Taiwan. Then we have to deal with the issue through the V-Taiwan process and come up with a better regulation. This is how the online discussion looks like on Polish platform in 2015. Later on, Airbnb was facing the same issue and went through the V-Taiwan process again.  Naturally, the V-Taiwan process moves on to building an environment that anticipates, not react, anticipate and resolve crisis through social innovation. V-Taiwan helps drive platform economy sandbox as way to anticipate and resolve crisis. People are able to break rules in safe environment. We will not need to go through the entire V-Taiwan process to react to a new platform-related business that we are not able to regulate. The sandbox is currently run by the National Development Council. There are other regulatory sandboxes that deal with financial technology and unnamed vehicles. The period of regulatory co-creation is between one and up to four years if it requires low change. At this stage, we don't need crisis to give us opportunities to drive innovation. But how can we make this sustainable? Capability building is the key to achieve a sustainable ecosystem for the environment that drives innovation around social issues before they escalate into crisis. Civil servants are powerless when they work in individuals, work as individuals in silos. Similarly, stakeholders find it difficult to reach out to each other when they are segmented into sectors. To achieve a positive outcome for individuals, the society and the environment, we need to be looking for the common ground among different voices. The notion of how small impact, like little drips, oops, missed the slide, like little drips can eventually transform into significant change. We just need to make sure it keeps dripping. Now we move on to the PL Network. PL Network is known as Participation Officers Network. It is a community around 70 civil servants in the central government across 32 ministries. It serves to grow civil servants' capability, drive culture change, connect resources, and cut cross-departmental silos. This network plays a key role in Taiwan's open government scene. PLs are deeply involved in a conversation with the civil society and governmental divisions by tackling cross-government issues with wider stakeholders openly and creatively. In this way, we're committed to build a multi-stakeholder governance system that reinforce the trust between the citizens and the government. Laws and regulations can both be challenged, and they should be the outcome that naturally occurs, not the final outcome. Being able to absorb all perspectives is crucial for us to establish social norms in order to drive innovation for a better future. Thank you. Thank you very much.


You found it It's the monk head This is old monk. So the legend we go from the feet of the monk The belly of the monk to the head of the monk. This is the best. It's called. It's It's called the legend and so we'll see how it will will be the judges of that Because I think the middle one was called premium or something like that, right? And that was way better than the original. Yes. So we'll see we show this one how it has a nice caramel Triple it all in. I know party fouls. Very lovely color. It still smells like old monk. So that's good I wonder what they do differently Just age longer you think and I'm sure the casks that they yeah, it's probably a different sloucher. No, it's lovely sloucher That's incredibly smooth actually. I like that. Yeah, that's better. Advertise. That is better Skeptical, but that is better than the other two. So here's the story The basic old monk that's the feet is a nice thing to have just if you want to have a drink and you don't really you know Yeah, cheap have a drink. Yeah, the other one a little bit nicer. Yeah This one right here is very nice Warm in the back of the throat smooth Really smooth has a sweetness. That's not too sugary. Yeah, and it has a complexity to it That those others don't have that's in the in the realm now of like the kind of thing you get when you're entering There's some of the better scotches. This is good.  It's a Corbin today We have some stand up This is delicious. Yes, it is. I'm very very impressed. Good job old monk this is the stand up by a Cush Gupta who I believe was remember the one. Hello, brother. Yes. Remember that guy. Yep. I think that's the same guy Okay, dog this one's called dogs dogs dogs. I got a dog. You got a dog You have a favorite kind of dog as I do like breed. Yep. Hmm. I Love bloodhounds. Okay. I know I know yours is what you like German Shepherd Yeah, that's a door of the men that I detest the little dogs even though my mom has Molly I love Molly, but she's not a dog She's a Molly and the worst of all the little dogs are the Chihuahuas. They just every single one of them needs to just be Punted into the Grand Canyon. Don't punch your dogs. Here we go You probably put the palm of a little girl. That's true. That's true.  I am my dog.  I feel that you did something. It has become like this.  A 250 gram guy. And a 200 kilo dog. The dog is not able to touch it. Even the dog wants to pet it like a dog. But they won't listen. No son, nothing is said. Nothing is said. Nothing is said, son.  And when you put the chicken in it, eat it yourself. You need more. But blame me. You are coming. I am tired of music. People don't want to believe that there is a legit fear in a dog. And look at how much respect you get from the rest of the phobias in the market. In some party they say, actually I have claustrophobia. Oh really? You know what, let's take the stairs.  Let's take the stairs. Even the washroom was very small. Give me a towel. Let me go ahead and say that I also have claustrophobia. Leave the sympathy and respect, people judge. Akash, how insensitive. Dots. I mean, the answer to this is on my back. A lot of answers, 8 marks. We are dying. There are 2 answers in today's date. So if there is a comeback in this, then what is the problem? So what is more than this? You are overreacting. Our dog has already been bitten 7 times. I mean, why did you keep it?  Just grow up. So that's why I realized that I can't win an argument with him. So I don't go to places where there are dogs. Because I don't like it either. Someone tied his dog to me or tied him up in his face. But then these people insist to me. Hey, come on. My mother always says, come here, do nothing. Trust me, do nothing. Trust me. You are going to trust us. I think nothing will happen.  Give it some time. She won't stop him. Nothing will happen. Nothing will happen. It's love. I told her that I have bitten her. She is a wild lover.  I don't think so. If you are like me, I will take care of the house today. I won't leave you alone. Go to aunt's house today. I will take care of you. Is aunt a bit poisonous? Then I will choose shampoo. Thank you all for Jita. We know that's a lot of work on a stand-up. Thank you. Absolutely. Very funny. So good. Once again, he is a hilarious man. Thank you for subbing it. These ones that are fully in Hindi, these comedians speak real fast. They are also doing references sometimes that are subbers change for them. Change for them. So they can understand it all the time. I know lots of people like this. I am a dog person myself. But my parents are even more so. My dad and stepmother. Because they don't have kids at home. Me and my brother are their only children. Yes. We never really lived with them because my dad was military. So we would always go visit him on summers. So they've always had a dog.  Right. And it's just still that way. I get... She talks to their dogs to Leland. Like their cousin or whatever. Like they're legit related. 100% that. Yes. That for me is where I just... I love dogs. I love cats too. Push comes to shove. I'm choosing a dog over a cat. But I love cats. They both contribute stuff the other can't. But I'm not a big fan of anthropomorphism.  And as much as I love dogs and there's still an animal. And that's part of the reason you can get into problems with them. And he's absolutely right. Like I... My nephew Cole when he was a little boy was terrified of dogs. And for us, we've never been scared of dogs. I respect... Like if I meet a new dog, I don't assume the dog's gonna be fun. No, I never should. I always let the dog meet me on their terms. I let them smell me. Because anything can happen. But I have... I understand... It's like people who are afraid of clowns. Clowns don't scare me. I think they're freaking... I've always loved clowns. I feel bad for people in Halloween when there's scary clowns out. Because there's legit clown phobia. My wife has a question. Yeah, just... Freaks and scares. I don't understand. And same with dogs. Like there are people who are legitimately... And it is not respected. Like if you say I'm afraid of snakes, I'm afraid of spiders. Or if it's like, oh, okay.  The initial response is come on, there's nothing to be afraid of. Yeah. Is it true though? Yeah, there's nothing to be afraid of. But yeah, we understand. Especially little kids that get...  That were attacked. It's not a legitimate fear. Yeah. But that was funny. Yeah. Why? Do you have no sensitivity toward a kid that's been mauled? No, you shortened that sentence. You have no sensitivity. Full stop. Just none. Oh, okay. Got you. For nothing. This is not doggy. Just lucid. Period. You have no sensitivity. Period. You should know that. All right. I'm not a very sensitive. It's not one of my top attributes. You mean you are slithering through and through? He's not. Because you know those, whatever, what's your sign? I'm Pisces. You're Pisces. Yeah. So one of the attributes of cancers is very emotional and sensitive people. Right. And I'm a cancer. Yeah. You can't get more far from them. Yeah. Those aren't always accurate. Not bad. But yeah, he's hilarious. Very good. More from him please. And more stand up. And always thank our subbers. Yes. They do a fantastic job. And they don't get the credit they deserve. Thank you, Aparajita. Thank you. Josh!


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankarae's Academy. We have displayed here the list of articles taken for today's analysis and the page numbers in different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the time stamping of the displayed articles have been provided in the description box and the time stamping and the link is also provided in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let us move on to the analysis of first news article. This news article talks about the recently released School Education Quality Index by National Institution for Transforming India. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article has been highlighted here for your reference. We know that one of the mandates of Niti Ayog is to bring outcome focus among the central ministries and also among the states. In this regard earlier on 26 June 2019, we have discussed health index. On that day, we also discussed about the first and second editions of the reports titled as Healthy States Progressive India. Today's news is with respect to the report recently released by Niti Ayog. This is titled as the success of our school's School Education Quality Index. See this is the first edition of such an index being released by Niti Ayog with respect to School Education Quality. This index ranks the states and union territories with respect to two things, one the overall performance in 2016-17 and change in performance in 2016-17 with respect to 2015-16. That means the reference year is 2016-17 and the year for comparison or the base year is 2015-16. The report mentions that of the states and union territories, one state that is the state of West Bengal did not participate in this round of assessment. So this index was developed primarily to evaluate the performance of states and union territories in the school education sector so that these states and union territories can identify their strengths and their weaknesses in various domains in the education sector and take required corrective actions or required course corrections or required policy interventions to rectify the issues that are there. So at the end of the day, the index will help to bring an outcome-oriented education policy. We saw about ranking of states based on this index. See one of the mandates of Nithya Yoke is to foster the spirit of competitive and cooperative federalism. Here by this index, the Nithya Yoke promotes healthy competition among states for mutual development in education sector. So therefore there will be sharing of knowledge and sharing of best practices among the states and union territories. So at the end of the day, this index is a measure of overall effectiveness, quality and efficiency of Indian school education system. This index provides scores to the states from 0 to 100 percent, 100 percent being the high score or the best score. So for the purpose of this index, they have classified the school education quality into two categories. One, outcomes, then governance processes aiding outcomes. In the outcomes category, there are four domains, learning outcomes, access outcomes, infrastructure and facilities for outcomes, then equity outcomes. With respect to governance processes aiding outcomes, we have student and teacher attendance, teacher availability, administrative adequacy, training for teachers and training for students and accountability and transparency. See these are some of the processes with respect to governance that will help in bringing required outcomes. So this index was developed through a collaborative process by including Ministry of Human Resource and Development, the World Bank and subject experts with respect to the field of education with respect to the education sector. So here we can observe that the highest weightage to the tune of around 71 percent has been given to the first category, the outcomes category. If you see here of the total weight of 965 points, you can find 685 points being dedicated to the first category. We should note here, originally when they have decided to bring this index, they thought of having 33 indicators with 1000 points as total weightage. However, because of lack of availability of certain data, they have finalized it to 30 indicators with 965 points for total weightage. If you take the domains, here we can find the lowest weightage has been given to infrastructure and facilities for outcomes. This index ranks states with respect to like to like comparison. That means there will be three categories, one large states, two small states, then union territories. A larger state will be compared with another large state. A small state will be compared with another small state. We saw the reference here was 2016-17, therefore Jammu and Kashmir was considered as a state in this report and in this index. So there are 21 large states, 8 small states, 7 union territories. So what are these 8 small states? One of the smaller states in India is Goa and other than Goa, 7 states in this small states are from northeast India. So the northeastern region except the state of Assam, if you see they are in this small states category. So among the large states, Kerala is the top performer with the overall performance score of 76.6 percentage and Uttar Pradesh is the least performer within the large states with the score of 36.4 percent. Here rather than seeing the percentage what we have to find is that the quality of education in lowest performing large state is less than half of the quality of education in the top performing large state. So by this we can conclude that there is a huge difference in the quality of education across the country that is there is a huge disparity. And some of the other good performing states are Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, some of the low performing large states are Jammu, Kashmir, Punjab and Bihar. There are various reasons for their low performance. We saw there are two categories. Some states may be performing very well in the first category. Now they have to take care of the second category and vice versa. That is those states that are performing well in the second category has to work more to improve their scores in the first category. Anyway we should note one thing since the weightage for the first category is higher than the second category. So those states and unit territories who are performing well in the first category will be able to have the high score in this assessment. So we saw four domains with respect to the first category of outcomes. Now let's come to the one category called as equity outcomes. Here if you see most of the large states have a score of around 60% that is not satisfactory because we require higher level of equity outcome source to ensure that children from all background, children from all sections of society to get same quality of education. And with respect to equity outcome and with respect to access outcomes, the top performer was the state of Tamil Nadu. Here in equity outcome if you see the indicators, these indicators include comparing the performance or comparing the learning outcomes of students from belonging to schedule class schedule tribes and OBC category with the learning outcomes of students belonging to general category. Here for performance they will take language and mathematics. And there will be another indicator will be comparing the performance of girls versus boys. Another indicator is for facilities for differently able children, provision for girls toilet in schools. These are some of the indicators to measure equity outcomes. Then with respect to access outcomes the indicators were with respect to enrollment, with respect to rate of transition to higher classes, with respect to percentage of out of school children who are mainstreamed into school. Now this is important because say for example there is a village with population with school going children numbering around 100, but there is no school nearby therefore the enrollment ratio will be less. So it deals with access. Similarly, there is rate of transition to higher classes. This is also connected to access. This is because a village may be having a primary school but not a high school or higher secondary school. So as a result among other factors these children may not join class 6 to 8 or may not join class 9 to 10 because of non availability of school infrastructure. So this is also connected with access outcomes. And with respect to learning outcomes, Karnataka was the top performer. Here for learning outcome they will have the indicator for performance of students in language and mathematics among class 3, class 5 and class 8. And then the other categories, category of infrastructure and facilities for outcomes. Here they will be the indicators will be with respect to having computer labs, having libraries and the provision of vocational education. So with respect to this indicator, the top performer is Haryana. So among the small states, Manipur is the better performer with the score of 68.8% as the overall performance score. And the Arunachal Pradesh was the least performer. The score was just 24.6. And among unit territories, Chandigarh was the best performer with the score of 82.9. And the Lakshadweep was the least performer with the score of around 32. Here we have to note one thing. If you put all the states and unit territories together, best performer with respect to overall performance score is Chandigarh with the overall score of 82.9%. And all states and unit territories put together, the lowest performer is Arunachal Pradesh. The news article mentions that the central government has planned to collaborate with the World Bank so as to offer performance-linked grants as incentives for the states that have scored very good performance score. This will definitely lead to healthy competition because other states will also improve their scores to get access for such incentives and recognition. This report was largely based on data from National Achievement Survey of 2017-18 and unified district information on school education data of 2016-17 and few other data as provided by the state governments. Here when we say National Achievement Survey, this survey is conducted by National Council for Educational Research and Training, that is NCRT, to assess the learning levels of students in classes three, five, and eight. This National Achievement Survey was done in government and government-aided schools. The survey was carried out in the year 2017 in the month of November. Then this unified district information system for education is a database about schools that is maintained by Ministry of Human Resource and Development. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to next article. In this editorial article, the author discusses about the unemployment situation in India and also the reasons for the unemployment condition. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article has been highlighted here for your reference. We know presently unemployment is a big or undying problem in our country. According to the periodic labor force survey, the unemployment rate in the country is 6.1 percentage. This periodic labor force survey was carried out in the year 2017-18. This was released by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation in May 2019. So what do we mean when we say unemployment rate? See unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons in the labor force. It is not the percentage of unemployed persons among the entire population of the country. So what do we mean when we say labor force? Labor force means it consists of persons who are either working or who are persons seeking work or those persons who are available for work. So of this labor force, the percentage of unemployed persons denotes the unemployment rate. So in this labor force, the persons who are working, they are called as employed individuals and those persons who are not working but seeking work or those persons who are available for work, they are called as unemployed persons. Some experts are telling that this unemployment rate of 6.1% is the highest in the last 45 years. So that means it was not the case earlier. So there was a time when the unemployment rate was very low. See this table. If you notice the period from 1993 to 2003, overall you can say that the unemployment rate was either below 2% or around 2%. But now it is 6.1%. So in this editorial, the author discusses about the reasons or factors that are responsible for this sudden increase in unemployment rate in our country. See according to the author, in 2018 there were around 47.15 crore persons who are employed and around 3 crore persons were unemployed. The center or the root of this unemployment problem in our country is young people. See of the 30.9 million persons who are unemployed or the 3.09 crore persons who are unemployed, around 21.1 million persons or unemployed young men aged between 15 to 29 years. That means 68.3% of all the unemployed persons in the country are persons in the age group of 15 to 29. That is why the author mentions the center or root of this unemployment problem in India is young people. See this is a very high percentage. 68.3% is a very high percentage. So to understand the increase in unemployment rate or the increase in unemployment, the author examines the behavior of labor demand and labor supply with respect to time. Firstly, according to the author, the size of labor supply in India is rapidly increasing. And why there is rapid increase in labor supply? This is because rapid expansion in the working age population in the country. Between 2000 to 2010, that is in 2000s, the population of 15 year to 59 year old persons, this population has increased at the rate of around 1.4 crore every year. So this rapid expansion in working age population contributed to the increased labor supply. Secondly, if you see, there is a change in the nature of labor supply. The nature of labor supply changes with respect to the nature of education. We can see an increase in enrollment of young adults who are aged between 15 to 29 years in education. So their job aspiration is also increasing based on the level of education. In 2018, among 15 to 29 year old female population in our country, 31% they had been attending schools or colleges. Way back in 2005, this number was only 16.3%. So we can see a visible increase in the enrollment of young people, especially young females in education. That means these women will aspire for better jobs based on their education. So this has changed the nature of labor supply in the country. Thirdly, the author talks about the size of workforces engaged in agriculture and allied activities. The author states that the size engaged in agriculture and allied activities has been declining in 2005. The workforce engaged in agriculture and allied activities is around 25.8 crore or 258.8 million. In 2018, if you see, there were only 19.7 crore or 197.3 million engaged in agriculture and allied activities. So what are the reasons for this decline in the number of persons engaged in agriculture and allied activities, say from 2005 to 2018? First, the author talks about push factor. That is, according to the author, to some extent, this decline is due to push factor or because of pressure from the agriculture and allied activities, say, for example, low productivity. So many are opting for non-agricultural sector jobs. So for example, jobs in construction, jobs in trade and jobs in services. Next reason with respect to decline in number of persons engaging in agriculture and allied activities is the pull factor. New opportunities in non-agricultural sectors are pulling these persons. And the push factor is aggravating the intensity of pull factor. New opportunities are coming in towns and cities. So many persons are opting jobs in non-agricultural sectors. They are moving from agricultural sector or rural area to urban areas where they could find industries or where they could find jobs with respect to services. Then the author talks about one another reason for the decline that we see with respect to the involvement of people in the agricultural sector and allied activities. The author is saying that a significant number of people who are in employed category in official statistics may be in disguised unemployment in agriculture. Now let's see what is disguised unemployment. This disguised unemployment is also called as hidden unemployment. It refers to segment of population who are not employed at their fullest capacity. Or we can say people are employed but not in a very efficient way. For example, you consider a person who has no job but the person occasionally engages and assists in cultivation along with this family. So this may appear or it may look like the person is employed but his employment is not totally productive. This is because the production will not suffer even if he is not there for supporting the family in cultivation. Economic experts say that these are persons who are employed physically but are not employed economically. So these persons may be there for certain period of time say for example one year assisting in cultivation as we saw in our example. And they may be considered as employed in the official statistics but these persons will not stay there. They will definitely move from disguised unemployment in agriculture to other sectors. So the young persons in rural areas they will be keen to exit the disguised unemployment in agriculture and they will move to non-agricector jobs. So once they move from this disguised unemployment to other sectors then the number of employed persons in the statistics will come down. So therefore there will be a decline in number of persons in agriculture and allied activities. So because of all these reasons we could see one thing there is a significant increase in the supply of potential workers for non-agricultural sectors. So this means many of the persons belonging to 15 to 59 year age category they are not students and they are also not involved in agriculture. They want to be employed in non-agricultural sector that means there is a huge labor supply and within this population there is a problem that they do not have required skill to be engaged in non-agricultural sector. At the end they become unemployed. So if they are provided and trained with required and relevant skills they can possibly work in industry you know construction or in services sector. These are some of the points with respect to labor supply. In the next two part of the editorial the author discusses about the labor demand and how the labor demand is proportional to the job challenge in our country. See according to the author between 2005 to 2012 the major source of employment in our country is the construction sector. Those who left agriculture in rural areas they ended up taking construction and related jobs. Between 2005 to 2012 if you see the new employment opportunities in construction sector the number is 18.9 million jobs but if you see the period between 2012 to 2018 this number of opportunities has declined to just 1.6 million jobs. See earlier it was 1.89 crore now it is just 16 lakhs. That is the number of new employment opportunities was around 1.89 crore in the period 2005 to 2012 but for the period 2012 to 2018 it was just 16 lakh jobs. Then the author talks about the mismatch between labor supply and labor demand and how it escalated after 2012. If you see the period from 2005 to 2012 the job creation in industry construction and services was inadequate. In one year the job creation was 6.3 million whereas the job seekers were 14.2 million in one particular year. This was for the period 2005 to 2012. So anyway we can say the job created was inadequate to absorb the increase in job seekers in these sectors. But if you see the period between 2012 to 2018 the supply of potential workers in non-agricultural sectors increased to 17.5 million per year but the job creation was just 4.5 million per year or the actual labor absorption in these sectors was decreased to just 4.5 million per year. Huge mismatch between the number of jobs created and the number of job seekers. So here we can say that the mismatch between supply of labor and labor demand has escalated after 2012. And because of the demand supply and because of the labor supply and labor demand mismatch for the period 2005 to 2012 only women suffered. But after 2012 young men were also affected. The author is saying that after 2012 men in the age category of 30 to 59 year they have managed to secure around 90% of all new non-agricultural employment opportunities between 2012 to 2018. As a result of these persons grabbing the opportunities very few new jobs were left for women and younger men. And because of the inadequate number of new jobs women stopped participating in the labor force. We can see it in 2018 data out of 15 to 59 year old women in our country only 23% were employed in the year 2018. Way back in 2005 this number was 43% around 43%. That is in 2005, 42.8% of women were employed. Now it is just 23%. But if you see the case with respect to young men there were very few new jobs but that resulted into greater number of job seekers. Among the men aged between 15 to 29 years there is an unprecedented increase in the number of unemployed persons. In 2012 the unemployed men were around 6.7 million but this has increased to 21.1 million in 2018 as we saw in the beginning. We saw the number 68.3% of all the unemployed persons in the country are aged between 15 to 29. And according to the author the number of job seekers among the young men was the main contributor to the sudden increase in the overall unemployment rate in the country. So there is lack of job opportunity. There is a challenge in creating decent jobs for growing young population and there is increase in number of unemployed persons and there is also increase in unemployment rate. So to tackle these issues the author gives some suggestions as conclusion. He proposes to create investments in human capital. It could be with respect to education, with respect to health, with respect to training and skill development, etc. And then there has to be revival of the productive sectors in the economy so that these sectors can create new jobs. And the author also suggests introducing new programs that will stimulate small entrepreneurship so that these people who are presently unemployed will start new businesses and they will not remain as unemployed. So overall the author discusses the unemployment rate of 6.1% in the perspective of labor supply and labor demand. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this editorial article. Now let us move on to next article. This news article is with respect to the fact that current account deficit is shrinking during the first quarter of the present financial year. Here when we say first quarter it means April to June months of the financial year, 2019, 2020. The syllabus that is relevant for the analysis of this news article has been highlighted here for your reference. So in the analysis of this news article we will see about current account, its various components and factors that influence current account and we will see the methods of representation of current account that is used by RBI and in the end we will also see the challenges that may lead to worsening of current account situation. We'll see these things with respect to our demand for the prelims and mains exam. In simple terms we can say that current account measures the difference between the value of net imports and the value of net exports of goods and services of a country in one financial year. If the current account balance is a negative that means there is current account deficit. This means that the imports of goods and services are more than the exports of goods and services in a financial year. So in prelims point of view the various components of current account are very important. So to understand better let's look at the methods of representing the components of current account as used by RISO Bank of India. In one way of representation current account has two major components. One is net merchandise and the other is net invisibles. Net merchandise refers to the net balance of exports and imports with respect to goods. Here goods may refer to passenger vehicles, hardware and POL that is petroleum, oil, lubricants and other goods. If we have to talk about net invisibles it mainly includes three subcomponents that are services, transfers and income. Services include software services, travel services, insurance services and for transfers it include remittances. Remittances means the transactions between residents and non-residents with respect to our country. Inflow of remittances means Indian citizens who are not residing in India but sending money to India that is to their relatives in India from abroad. Outflow of remittances may be those persons who are not Indian citizens but staying in India sending money from India their relatives abroad. Now in case of income subgroup or subcomponent it includes investment income that is income that is received as profits or interest or dividends from various kinds of investments. So why these are called as invisibles because they are not as visible as goods or merchandise goods. Goods are tangible whereas these are invisibles. Now let's see one another method of representation of current account by RISO Bank of India. If you see here current account has four major components they are goods, services, primary income and secondary income. Here net goods is a similar to net merchandise as we saw in the previous method. That is net balance of exports and imports of goods and we should note one thing within the component of goods there is petroleum, oil, lubricants. This is significant because POL component itself is having a significant proportion in the goods component. For example, if you see the first quarter of the present financial year out of 46 billion dollars of deficit in goods account around 23 billion dollars deficit is because of POL. That means 50% of the deficit in goods account in current account in quarter one of financial year 2019, 2020 is because of POL. The service component includes travel services, transport services, software services, financial services and other services. Now let's see the difference between primary income and secondary income with respect to India. Primary income here refers to income received from investors, profits, interests, dividends from various kinds of investments. In secondary income here it includes remittances that is the transfer between residents and non-residents as we have seen earlier. In previous method remittances came under net invisibles. Here it comes under secondary income. Here we have to note that with respect to India net primary income is outward whereas secondary income is inward or inflow. This means the value of primary income coming into India is lesser than the value of primary income leaving India. The value of remittances coming to India from abroad is greater than the value of remittances leaving India to other countries. Now let us see the current account trend of quarter one of financial year 2020. If you see the data pertaining to quarter one it shows better indication of current account deficit. This is because in the first quarter of last financial year that is 2018, 2019 the current account deficit was about 2.3% of GDP. The value was at that time around $15.86 billion. Now in case of quarter one of present financial year it has reduced to 2% of GDP and this reduction in quarter one is mainly because of higher net invisibles. And at that time they expected there will be more primary income outflow but the primary income outflow was lower than expected outflows and there was better secondary income inflows. That is there was more remittances that came to India and at that time the crude oil prices were moderate during the first quarter. So these are some of the factors that contributed to the reduction in the current account deficit. So is it all well with respect to current account deficit? Yes or no? See we cannot simply say either yes or no. This is mainly because of presently we are having certain challenges with respect to increase in gold prices. The more the gold imports the consequent impact we can feel in the current account with respect to deficit. And there is also higher component of petroleum POL component. There is also higher POL that is petroleum oil and lubricant. We have to see this in the context of vegetation tensions particularly among Iran, Saudi Arabia and also among Iran and United States and also with respect to the recent drone attack in the oil fields and oil processing facility in Saudi Arabia. And there will be impacts because of global trade wars. Say for example there is a trade war between US and China and as a result US increases import duty for goods that are coming from all developing countries. And consequent impact will also be faced by India as well. So as we saw increase in fuel prices all these things are now seen as challenges that are making us difficult to sustain the favorable current account deficit. So monitoring this current account deficit is not just a dynamic requirement for the government but also for the civil service aspirants. Have a look at these practice questions we'll be discussing in the last session. Now let's move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article is with respect to the excavation of a old dried up river in Prayagraj. The news article mentions that the Union Water Ministry that is the ministry of Chalsakthi has excavated this river in Prayagraj. They are saying that this old river linked the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. This is the finding which was part of a geophysical survey carried out by National Geophysical Research Institute and Central Ground Water Board when they carried out the research in December 2018. See this National Geophysical Research Institute and Central Ground Water Board they have conducted this survey with the support of ministry of Chalsakthi or under the ages or backing of ministry of Chalsakthi. In the newspaper you can find being written as CSIR-NGRI. This is because National Geophysical Research Institute is a constituent research laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. That is why they have mentioned in this manner. This geophysical survey was actually a helicopter-borne geophysical survey that covered Prayagraj and Kaushambhi region of Uttar Pradesh. One of the findings of this survey is that is the discovery of a buried paleo channel that joins Yamuna River at Durgapur village. This paleo channel is roughly 26 kilometer south of the present Ganga-Yamuna Sangam at Prayagraj. When we say Sangam, it's nothing but the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna at Prayagraj. Confluence means the junction of two rivers, meeting point of two rivers. Scientists are calling this paleo channel as an ancient buried river. They are saying this river is around four kilometer wide, 45 kilometer long or length, and approximately 15 meter thick. Or at that time it might have carried water to the depth of 15 meters. At present, this river is buried under 10 to 15 meter deep from the surface. Scientists are saying that 40 to 50% of the volume of the river can be used as groundwater reserve storage by having a managed aquifer recharge. This means that the buried paleo channel can be converted as groundwater reserves. This can be done by diverting the surface runoff that comes as a result of rainfall through a managed aquifer recharge structure. That is this paleo channel will be recharged using the surface runoff that comes as a result of rainfall. An aquifer is nothing but an underground layer of rock that holds groundwater. So what is a paleo channel? See, these are the remnants of rivers or streams that were once active. In simple words, we can say this channel is no longer part of an active river system and has stopped to be a channel of water for the active river. Some of the channels lie buried under the cover of younger sediments. Scientists are saying that paleo channels commonly occur in alluvial landscapes. They're saying that even though the available paleo channel has been cut off from the active river flow, they still remain as a part of flow regime of the active river. So when we say flow regime, it means the pattern of seasonal flow of water in a river. And every paleo channel will have its own age. So depending on the age of this channel in the large alluvial landscape, some channels could be the products of different flow regimes in the past. That is one period of time, it could have carried water belonging to a particular river. Maybe in totally different time period, it could have carried water from totally different river. These channels could be products of different flow regimes in the past. Therefore, they are saying that these paleo channels, they provide evidence for river transformation. They also provide evidence for future changes in the flow regimes of previously active river or even the paleo channel itself. From this, we can know about river adjustments and also the development of river outside the catchment area. If at all, there is a possibility. These paleo channels, they have economic significance. This is because of their use with respect to exploring the freshwater resources and that they can be used as artificial recharge and that they can be used for the purpose of storage of groundwater. In addition to this, they are also helpful and playing a very important role in locating and assessment of mineral deposits. Say for example, gold, silver and other deposits. And they are saying that with our growing need for water for variety of purposes, paleo channels can give a good direction because they are rich repositories of groundwater. And it is also proved that they also act as a dependable source of water supply in many parts of the world. And in India, particularly in the dry western part of our country in the regions of Haryana, southern Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat, they have identified numerous paleo channels and they have dug a lot of exploratory wells in these states to establish extensive networks of surface water and buried paleo channels. And this is because the buried paleo channels, they have potential water bearing aquifers in multiple groups. And they are also saying that the quality of groundwater in these paleo channels is generally good. And it is being said that aggregate length of paleo channels in parts of Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat is more than 2200 kilometer. And water is available in many of these paleo channels that can be a promising source in times of water deficiency. Almost all of these paleo channels can be artificially recharged with water. Maybe one source could be from surface runoff coming as a result of rainwater. Therefore, these paleo channels, they can hold substantial amount of water and therefore they will act as storage reservoirs for groundwater resources. That is why the ancient buried river discovered by scientists will also be used as a groundwater reserve storage. How to understand about the groundwater component of these rivers? They are saying that these groundwater component tend to change their course, however, more slowly. Their location can be traced through lidar mapping. When we say lidar, it means light detection and ranging. It's one of the remote sensing method that is the remote sensors that are located so remote or so far away from the object. They collect data by detecting the energy that is reflected from the object. Here the object will be the earth, earth surface. So these sensors could be on satellites or they could be mounted on aircrafts. The lidar determines the distance to the object. Generally they do it by transmitting a laser beam at the object and by measuring the time taken by the beam to return to the transmitter. They're saying usually the beam is transmitted from an aeroplane. These reflected beams with the other data that is recorded, they give precise 3D information about the shape of the earth and also its surface and subsurface characteristics. This lidar systems also allow scientists and mapping professionals so as to examine both natural and man-made environments with accuracy, precision and flexibility. It is using this system of lidar, the scientists have also found out this paleo channel and they are also going to find the further course of this channel using lidar. So according to the news article, the next phase of this project, paleo channel project will involve tracking of the channel in the northwestward direction. They will also prepare a 3D sediment map so as to figure out how the channel is connected to existing aquifers and also to develop the channel as a groundwater storage system. The sediment map is expected to give some vital information with respect to the processes undergone by the channel and also the link of the channel with respect to presently available aquifers. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. You can take two points, paleo channels or the remnants or remains of rivers or streams that were once active and paleo channels commonly occur in alluvial landscapes. We saw some of the economic benefits and other useful purposes of the paleo channels. We saw about light detection and ranging and the role of lidar in finding this paleo channel as a part of this project. Now let us move on to next news article. This news article talks about the appointment of new chairman of armed forces tribunal. Recently, the Chief Justice of India has recommended to the president to appoint former Chief Justice of Delhi High Court as the next chairman of armed forces tribunal. The incumbent or the present chairperson is set to retire on 6th October, 2019. The news article mentions that the central government has informed the Supreme Court that it will be appointing the recommended person as the chair of armed forces tribunal. This the government has informed through the Attorney General of India. You should note that Attorney General of India is the chief legal advisor to government of India and article 76 of Indian constitution deals with Attorney General of India. So what is a tribunal? See, generally a tribunal is established for the purpose of discharging quasi-judicial duties. There are several tribunals in India, say for example, central administrative tribunal, national green tribunal. Similarly, armed forces tribunal is one such tribunal. And this is a statutory body established based on the Armed Forces Tribunal Act of 2007. Now this tribunal has the power to adjudicate with respect to disputes, with respect to complaints in relation to commission of defense personnel, appointments of defense personnel, enrollments and conditions of service of defense personnel. So the jurisdiction includes those persons who are covered under the Army Act of 1950, the Navy Act of 1957 and the Air Force Act of 1950. The members covered under these legislations are coming under the jurisdiction of armed forces tribunal. This armed forces tribunal do not cover the Coast Guard or paramilitary forces or central armed forces. And this tribunal also has the power to look into appeals. These appeals may be arising because of, you know, certain orders or certain findings or sentences of court marshals that are held under the three legislations. See, court marshals is a military court for the members of armed forces, according to the Army Act or the Navy Act or the Air Force Act. This tribunal will transact its proceedings based on armed forces tribunal rules of 2008. And they are saying that all proceedings of this tribunal will be English and the practice or the procedure that is followed in the tribunal will be as it is followed in the high courts of India. The principal bench of armed forces tribunal is in New Delhi. However, it also has eight regional benches across our country. So now let us see the qualifications of members with respect to the tribunal. See, it has a chairperson. The chairperson shall either be a retired judge of Supreme Court or a retired chief justice of a high court. This is about chairperson. And there will be judicial members and admin members. The judicial members are retired high court judges. Administrative members are retired members of armed forces who have held the rank of major general or equivalent rank in the armed forces or above for a period of three years or more. Say for example, for Army person to be appointed as admin member, he or she has to be retired members should have held the rank of major general or above at least for a period of three years. And one another criteria is there to become an admin member in this tribunal. That is a judge advocate general with at least one year of service. He or she can also become an administrative member. See, this judge advocate general department is the legal arm of military forces. There is a judge advocate general for Army, a separate judge advocate general for Navy and also for Air Force. Their primary function is to provide legal help and also legal advice to the armed forces, particularly with respect to court marshals. So now let us discuss the appointment procedure in this armed forces tribunal. See, according to this armed forces tribunal act of 2007, the chairperson and other members shall be appointed by the president of India after consultation with the chief justice of India. The general term of the chairperson and members is four years. They can be removed by the president on the grounds of crude misbehavior or incapacity, provided there is an inquiry by a sitting judge of Supreme Court. The salary alone and terms of conditions of the chairperson and members of armed forces tribunal, these are prescribed by the central government. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Note that he's appointed by the president after the consultation with the chief justice of India. With this, we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. We have come to the last session, the practice questions discussion session. The first question is with reference to the school education quality index. They have given two statements and are asking which of the above statements are correct. Now the first statement, its important domains are learning outcomes, access outcomes, infrastructure and facility for outcomes and equity outcomes. Today we saw that for the assessment purposes, there are two categories. One is outcomes, then the second one is governance processes, aiding outcomes. So here in the first category of outcomes, there are four domains. So all the four domains are mentioned in the first statement. Therefore, the first statement is correct. In the second statement, it is released by Nithya Yog. Now this statement is also correct. However, for the preparation and assessment purposes, the work was done in a collaborative mode with the support from ministry of human resource and development and also World Bank and other experts from education sector. We also saw that why these indices, why these reports are released by Nithya Yog? See, one of the mandate of Nithya Yog is to bring outcome focus among the central ministries and also among the states. So in this question, both the statements are correct. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is, option C, both one and two. Now this question is with reference to the components of current account. They have given net goods, net services, net primary and secondary income, net FDI, net foreign direct investment. During our discussion, we saw clearly the various components of current account in two methods of representation by Rousseau Bank of India. Net goods is there, net services there, net primary and secondary income is there, but there is no net FDI. This is because foreign direct investment is a component of capital account, not current account. Therefore, the answers below should not have number four. So the correct answer for this question is, option C, one, two and three. The term paleo-channel, recently seen in news, is related to which among the following. Firstly, they are saying period between Cretaceous period and Jurassic period. So this is not the answer for this question. See, the Triassic period was the first period of Misozoic era and this Triassic period occurred between 251 million years and 199 million years ago. So when Triassic period is the first period, so what is the second period in the Misozoic era? That is Jurassic period. So this occurred from 199 million years ago to 145 million years ago, approximately. Jurassic period followed Triassic period of the Misozoic era. After the Jurassic period, we could see Cretaceous period. This Cretaceous period was the last and the longest segment of Misozoic era. They are saying it lasted for approximately 79 million years. So in Misozoic era, there is Triassic period, Jurassic period and Cretaceous period. Now coming to the second option, they are saying this is a recently discovered largest flying animal. Now this option is also not correct because the recently discovered largest flying animal is Cyrodragon Boreus. The correct answer for this question is option C, remnants of once active reverse. Now this question is with reference to Armed Forces Tribunal. They have given two statements and are asking which of the statements above are correct. First statement, it's chairperson and members are appointed by the president after consulting the Chief Justice of India. This statement is correct and it is based on the Armed Forces Tribunal Act of 2007. Now the second statement, it has jurisdiction over Indian Coast Guard. Now this statement is wrong because it has jurisdiction over the persons covered under the Army Act, the Navy Act and the Air Force Act. Indian Coast Guard does not come under the ambit of these legislations. Therefore the correct answer for this question is option A, one only. Now this is a main question. Racing unemployment rate is one of the major problems in our country. Discuss the changing trends in labor supply and demand in the context of the above statement. Now in the beginning, you can define unemployment rate and then you can discuss the latest unemployment rate which is 6.1% for the year 2017-2018. See unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed persons in the labor force. You need not focus on the line. Raising unemployment rate is one of the major problems in our country. This line is a distraction. The main question is, discuss the changing trends in labor supply and demand in the context of above statement. So with respect to labor supply, you can mention the increase in size of labor supply. You can mention the changing nature of labor supply. You can mention the decline in workforce who engage in agriculture and allied activities. For these points, you can take the data from the today's editorial article. And we also saw that these factors contribute to the increase in labor supply to the non-agricultural sector. However, we found that many of the people in this labor supply lack the required skill to be employed in non-agriculture sector that results into unemployment. And with respect to labor demand, you can mention the declining opportunities in non-agricultural sectors, particularly in construction, industry, and services sector. So we saw during the analysis that there is a mismatch between the number of jobs created and the number of job seekers. We saw what is the difference with respect to different time periods. And we can also say how this affected women and young men and how it has contributed to unemployment. And at the end, you can save two, three suggestions with respect to tackling this problem. You can take points from this editorial article or from the editorial article or you can give your own suggestions. We saw with respect to investing in human capital, reviving the productive sectors in the economy and present for the purpose of creating new jobs and also introducing new programs so as to stimulate small entrepreneurship so that people will start their new businesses rather than being unemployed. So these are some of the points that you could use for the answer rating of this main question. And you would be answering relevant for this question provided you give appropriate data to project the changing trends that we exactly discussed during the analysis. Now again, this is also a main question. Discuss the difference between primary income and secondary income components of current account. Analyze the factors influencing the current account deficit and also the challenges in order to maintain or sustain favorable current account deficit for India. For this question, you first define what is meant by current account. Then you provide the difference between primary income and secondary income. In the second part of the question, you analyze various factors that we have discussed during the analysis. Say for example, higher net invisibles, lower primary income outflow and better secondary income inflows. These are some of the factors that influence current account deficit. And we also saw the challenges with respect to petroleum, oil and lubricant and the present waste station tensions and their contribution to increase in fuel prices and the impacts or the effects because of global trade wars. And also we also saw the increase in gold prices. These are some of the factors or challenges that we face in order to sustain a favorable current account deficit for India. You can conclude this question with a positive note that if you take the look at the quarter one of present financial year, there are favorable conditions for current account deficit for India because we saw that with respect to quarter one of financial year 2018, there is shrink in the current account deficit. However, we require vigilant in the context of rising new challenges in the global scenario. With this, we have come to the end of today's The Hindu News Analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share and subscribe to Shankaray's Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation. Thank you.


First step is you go to the top left on your touchpad click on what some people call the hamburger menu Just like that. You're gonna get this list of different settings systems devices. Well this time you want to click on camera It's gonna invite you to connect to your local internet So I'm doing that Here we have all the different networks I can connect to So I'm gonna connect to my home network It's gonna ask me for my password And I'm gonna press connect Success we've connected So now I'm gonna click close and now let's We got a log into the Alula system again and click sign in so as you can see it's adding the cameras This is a view of the cameras and just like that. You've got video on touchpad Thanks for joining us. Stay tuned for more tips and tricks in the meantime. I'm gonna go play with this a little more Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube page and click the show more tab underneath the video Where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product similar how-to videos and our low-cost no contract alarm monitoring services


My name is Gary Barker. I'm the CEO of Equimundo Center for Masculinities and Social Justice and I'm here at USIP to talk about what men and boys have to do with the women peace and security agenda. We know that women having voice at peace negotiations tables, we know that what happens to women after conflicts and during conflicts has everything to do with what happens to men. The harm, the militarization, men's participation in war directly affects women. So we have to engage them in these discussions. We have to know what's up with men. We have to listen to men so that we can support both the lives of women, but also for communities, for men themselves, for children in context of rebuilding. Men are part of the equation. It's relational. We can't do it with either alone. I'll point to an example in DRC, Eastern DRC, which has faced more than two decades of conflict and where sexual violence during the conflict has been particularly high. We've partnered with colleagues there for nearly 10 years of building a trauma model, looking at how to break cycles of men's use of violence, violence they witnessed or experienced during the conflict that often turned into violence against their partner, and also to become supportive partners when their wives had been victims of sexual violence during the conflict, which in some parts of Eastern DRC is as many as one in five women. We've seen with the randomized control trial of that approach, reductions in men's use of violence against their partner, better coping skills, less substance abuse, less suicidal ideation on the part of men who have participated in the activities, and less likelihood to rejoin certain armed groups. So we think that kind of approach that looks at what's up with men in relation to their female partners can bring benefits for both men and women, as well as to their communities. We're trying to take these conversations about healthy masculinities to younger ages, and we're both worried and excited about what's happening to younger boys ages 12 and up the time they're spending online, messages they're getting about masculinity online that are often quite militaristic, harmful, sometimes racist, sometimes misogynist. We're worried about that data, we're excited about stepping into a place where we go even younger and looking at the sources of where do we make these harmful ideas about masculinities. That's part of our global boyhood initiative of starting these conversations even younger.


Welcome to Megalife 21 live as opposed to progressive discussions but you can call this is a segment of progressive discussions because we go over different topics sometimes current topics or just everyday issues and annoyances that may be on people's minds today modern day America and this is your place to vent I'm enjoying some Cabernet Sauvignon leftover from yesterday's wine show that I was invited to by Mr. Ronald J. Tyrion of New Orleans Louisiana this one is called the gentlemen's collection language please yeah right gentlemen I use that term loosely that's like that's like calling a go-go bar a gentleman's club hardy hard hard hard look at it so geezer and he goes on telling his whole story and that's an old company goes back to 1843 it's Lindemann Lindemann is his name Dr. Dr. Vinnie Boombats no Dr. got this old-fashioned writing from the 19th century Dr. Henry John Lindemann since 1843 1843 this guy has been making fermented beverages gentlemen the gentlemen's collection there you go I want to give a shout out to rock and roll musician singer and DJ extraordinaire from northern New Jersey from Bergen County Mr. Kelly stevens and I would like to give a shout out to my buddy Jimmy liberal Jimmy Leguari and Brian Slate together collectively they are known as vodka incorporated because they are vodka enthusiasts to say the least anyway seven lucky bells for the live show that we're doing right now of course because it's live this is a good quality hotel bell the the other one I had that was given to me from a dollar store I slapped the shit out of it and the thing fell apart okay and now I have the Honeymooners Thelma bell remember when Ed Nord went over Thelma did you please step into the dining area with my coffee I would like two lumps and Thelma says if you keep bringing that bell you'll get two lumps I have a special celebrity guest from the past and I will introduce the celebrity guest a little bit later first what I want to do is go over some topics as to why well first I'll talk about the rich rude asshole mentality of people with big bucks yeah the rude asshole mentality of rich people just give you one example that makes no sense at all to me I mean it's illogical I'm on River Road in Edgewater headed for Edgewater Commons I had to go to Target and I see the light turn red from a distance so naturally I do what my grandfather taught me I slow down let the car quickly roll not a slow roll quickly roll and what happens is by time you get to the red light it might turn green and then you never have to wear out your brake pads because these people that constantly jam their brakes they wear out their brake pads and brake jobs are very expensive okay so I proceed to roll quickly so this Audi brand new Audi SUV behind me well the person doesn't like the idea that I'm slowing down for a red light that's what you're supposed to do because you're supposed to stop person swerves around me gets in front of me only to jam on their brakes to stop at the very same red light that I had to stop at that I saw at a distance now how fucking stupid is that the person is jamming their brakes on and and obsessed with driving fast only to stop at a red light that I'm stopping at I get people tailgating me doing all sorts of things like that driving BMWs Mercedes in this area coming from Fort Lee whatever people with money not only do they expect to be waited on in retail by you know customer service uh they expect people to drop their the customers they're dealing with and run over to them sometimes the rich ladies they tap the counter with their fingers thinking that that that is going to magically make everyone uh rudely push their customers aside just to run to them okay I seen it done at the the fine jewelry department in Lord and Taylor up uh in Paramus near I guess it's for it I'll have you I when one of my exes was the manager of the fine jewelry department and this rich old lady was tapping her fingers like excuse me does anyone work here is there anyone else that works here yes there are people that work here but they're busy helping other customers you are not special you are not better than anyone else okay okay now I will this is the mentality of the wealthy you know they are natural born assholes pricks and scumbags they just have that that's the truth we tell the truth here we don't pull no punches here at uh like mega life 21 and progressive discussions now um next topic um technology is killing our communication skills as a society simply because not just because that everyone and not just millennials even like middle-aged women and middle-aged people they're walking around hypnotized by their smartphones they're not aware of their environment they don't look to the right to the left up and down the only time the reason why they're looking straight ahead is because that they got their smartphone in front of their face texting or whatever they're doing now this happens all the time you go you walk into a doctor's office if all the millennials especially the young ladies sit down right away they whip their smartphone out probably because they don't want any anybody to hit on them or they really do not want to communicate with people they don't really want to talk to anybody because they're in their own little clique uh Americans tend to form cliques just like they did when I was in grammar school high school college they form tight cliques they only associate with their kind of people and their friends because they're too cowardly to make new friends and talk to strangers or maybe joke around with someone at a cash register uh you know show a little sense of humor show a little humanity so they even like high school kids are crossing a busy road not even looking to see if a bus or a truck is going to run them over and and kill them they're looking straight ahead with the with the smartphone right in front of their face and um then also at the gymnasium my buddy Jamila Borey goes to the gym called Blink I know it's a stupid name but the price is good the membership is reasonable he goes to Blink he goes he works out and there's a young man you know we're not picking on just the women there's a young man multiply that several times over that is supposed to be working out he has his weights dumbbells from the dumbbell rack all over the floor where someone can trip and injure themselves listening to music and texting with the smartphone and just having just monopolizing all the equipment not not not just the the dumbbells that are on the floor but monopolizing the machine or the bench that somebody else who is dedicated to training would like to use and Jimmy's telling me the guy's preoccupied with the smartphone and he's asking how much longer you're going to be do you need those dumbbells on the floor do you need the bench because I sure do and the person the the young punk proceeds to ignore him until my friend Jimmy gets pissed off then he's got to say something and then they're like shocked that you're reprimanding them you know so it's like no no devotion no dedication no ability to focus at all nothing and this is due to high technology now whether or not people will suddenly grow weary of doing that and start learning how to communicate with others the old fashioned way who knows uh only time will tell it could get worse you know and another thing is people have become very lazy on social media to actually reply to another human being the old fashioned way by typing typing words forming sentences forming paragraphs what they do is they'll send you a cute animation or an icon