The best nickname? Oh, that's a good question. I like the bus. I mean, I think that's a good one. White shoes, that was a good one. Snake, that's one you can't forget. I like the bus, though. I think that's one you don't forget. When I see CJ Anderson, he's the guy that, you know, you say, you know, kind of looks and runs like the bus. He's not afraid to mix it up in there. He's got a little extra down in the stomach area, which sometimes it helps. So yeah, I like CJ Anderson, but most importantly, I like his game. I am definitely afraid of the Patriots. I mean, as much as we talk about them not winning, they always find a way to be in the game. They may not win, but it's always going to be a close football game. You know, when can you recall the Patriots being blown out, especially in the playoff game? You just don't see it happen, especially a Super Bowl. It doesn't happen. They'll be in the game, so it's going to be close. I'm rooting for the Rams. Obviously, I got drafted by the Rams. I would love to see them win. Score, I think it's going to be a high scoring game, so maybe like 34-31. I think Jared Goff, if the Rams win, Jared Goff is definitely going to be the MVP because he will have had to put up some significant points under pressure and he would have had to make some big plays during the course of the game, so Jared Goff. I'm definitely disappointed in 2018 still is because I really felt that they had a championship caliber football team that imploded and very disappointed. I believe that they can get it back together, but it has to happen internally and the discipline has to be there. Right now, it's not a discipline team and the organization is really taking a hit. It's a Mike Tomlin thing. It's an ownership thing. It's a coach thing and it's a player thing. Everybody is complicit in this, so everyone is going to take everyone being involved in the solution from ownership, from Coach Tomlin, the coaches and the players. Everybody has to look at themselves and know that they can do a better job. I would love to see that situation work itself out. I would love to see him stay in Pittsburgh and retire a Pittsburgh stiller. Obviously, it's going to take a lot of work to make that happen, but I think it's possible and I think it can happen. It was just a question, not at all the plan at all. It wasn't meant to be one of those where I'm going to be the running back coach. It was just to see what the thoughts were outside of my household. That's all. Right now, I'm coaching my kids. I have a 14-year-old, an 11-year-old, and so the goal is to make sure that they have the foundation that they need for later in life. That's the only coach that I'm doing right now, Parenting. I'm extremely proud of the season that Notre Dame had. They won all the games that were on the schedule and that's all you can ask. But what it's done is it's put them back on the national stage. The recruiting has become a lot better as a result of the season they had. Yes, they lost to Clemson, but everyone, as it turns out, lost to Clemson. So it's not such a bad thing. And they got a chance to see what playing against an eventual champion looks like. And you got a chance to see what we're missing, where we're missing, key athletic talents, and what we need to do to get better. I think all in all, it was a great year and it puts us in position to have even better years.  It was the best school in the college ranks for a lot of years. And especially early on, different parts of the country hated Notre Dame because it was perceived as being the school that was affluent, but still won games. And I think it still kind of looked at that way a little bit. So you just got to deal with the Notre Dame haters as part of it. I'm here in support of the FedEx Air and Ground program and the FedEx Air and Ground awards. Right now it's going to be awarded to one of three quarterbacks and one of three running backs at the NFL Honors this Saturday. And you can vote for Saquon Barkley, Ezekiel Elliott, or Gurley from the running back perspective, or Drew Brees, Patrick Mahomes, or Phillip Rivers. On the quarterback side you can vote at NFL Twitter page or NFL.com slash FedEx. And you can vote all the way until this Thursday the 31st and whoever wins, their names will be given as part of the donation that FedEx has given. $20,000 for the Ground and for the Air awardee is going to the USO. And that money is going to a program called the Pathfinder program where what they do is that money goes to help the servicemen and women or their spouses get re-acclimated into civilian life. So very important calls and it's going to be a great opportunity to see who wins.


The next item of business is portfolio questions on health and sport. Question number one, Richard Lyle. To ask the Scottish Government what steps it is taking to ensure that NHS Scotland stays in public ownership. Jane Freeman. Government remains absolutely committed to the founding principles of a publicly owned, funded and operated national health service, which is free at the point of need. We will oppose any attempt of post-Brexit or any other trade talks impinging on that in any way. Our NHS in Scotland is not on the table in any trade deal. Richard Lyle. I thank the cabinet secretary for her assurance that some surely people of Scotland will be very happy. Can I ask how the continued interrogation of health and social care in Scotland is assisting the Government in protecting and managing the precious resources of the NHS and what discussions the Scottish Government is having with local health boards to ensure that our NHS is safeguarded against any future proposal by the UK Tory Government? Jane Freeman. As Mr Lyle will know from the budget that was agreed in this chamber, our additional investment in health and social care, exceeding £700 million, is about shifting the balance of care in terms of what people need to their local community, except where it is clinically required for them to be in acute settings. The health and social care medium-term financial framework sets out that approach, however, what I can assure him that we will not be doing as the nursing times has revealed is NHS Warrington and Halton hospitals, i.e. NHS England, now producing a pricelist for procedures that really should be provided free at the point where they are needed, cataract surgery, £1,700 replacement surgery, and that that only covers one pre-op, one-day case and one follow-up attendance. That is what is happening to the health service in England. Getting it ready to trade it off will not happen in NHS Scotland. May I ask all members that, if supplementaries are given, they make them quick questions, please? Miles Briggs, followed by David Stewart. In 2017, NHS Scotland signed a £400 million private company contract for local staff. Last year, a further contract of £30 million was also signed with six private companies. Is that not the increasing use of the private sector under the SNP? Jeane Freeman. No, it absolutely is not. I will explain to Mr Briggs and his amused colleagues why that is the case. The first contract that he refers to is with IHI, not for profit organisation. The other contracts that he refers to may indeed be our use of the private sector in the interim as I set out in the waiting times plan to reduce the long waits. What it is not, Mr Briggs, is selling off of sections of our health service to Virgin Health—your colleagues in England are doing precisely that—or allowing any of our boards, as your colleagues in England are doing, to produce priceless—priceless for hip surgery, for cataracts, for knee replacement. The day in our UNI might have a proper conversation. David Stewart. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Has the cabinet secretary investigated the wanting implications of investor state dispute settlements being produced as part of a trade deal that would allow foreign companies the right to sue the Scottish Government as a result of devolved health decisions? Jeane Freeman. Mr Stewart makes a very important point indeed. It was one that came up, I believe, when deals were being looked at before. That is the vulnerability in terms of the UK being seen as a single state when trade deals are negotiated and whether or not that places are at NHS in Scotland is in a vulnerable position. We looked at it at that time and have up-to-date advice at that time. We are looking at it again to ensure that we are as prepared as possible. I am absolutely certain that, with colleagues there in the Labour benches and elsewhere in this chamber—perhaps not over here in the Conservative with the people of Scotland—we will absolutely defend our health service. Question 2, David Torrance. To ask the Scottish Government when beauticians, hairdressers and others who provide ascetic procedures, will be regulated in the same way as medically qualified practitioners. Claire Hawke. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Independent clinics were brought within the regulation of Healthcare Improvement Scotland on 1 April 2016. The policy was to ensure that certain healthcare professionals are working independently from the NHS and that they do so in a clinic registered with Health Improvement Scotland. That work put Scotland at the forefront of regulating independent private healthcare in mainly the cosmetic, dentistry, midwifery and slimming clinics, to name but a few. Until 2016, there was no regulation whatsoever around cosmetic procedures. It is crucial that aesthetic procedures that are currently provided by non-healthcare professionals are subject to a similar level of inspection and scrutiny going forward as those of medically qualified practitioners. We plan to bring forward a consultation later this year to inform our legislative amendments. David Torrance. I thank the minister for that answer. Can the minister clarify what action can be taken in the meantime to highlight to consumers the risk that they face when submitting to procedures such as Botox and lip-filling injections carried out by unqualified practitioners who may have no training and may not have any insurance and may not be regulated? Claire Hawke. I think that Mr Torrance brings forward a really important point here to the chamber. Unconsidering undergoing such a treatment should always use a regulated provider, details of which are available on the Healthcare Improvement Scotland website. Unregulated providers will not appear on this list, nor will they have any his accredited literature to prove their competence. We would also urge consumers to use their due diligence checks on the provider. 3. Jeremy Balfour To ask the Scottish Government what steps it is taking to reduce excessive waiting times for young people in Lothian to access mental health support. Claire Hawke. Through the mental health access improvement support programme, NHS Lothian is scheduled to receive an additional £4.7 million between 2016-17 to 2019-20 from the Scottish Government to support mental health workforce development and capacity building. The director of mental health has written to NHS Lothian to seek reassurance about the approach that has been taken to address long waits and confirmation that patients are kept informed of their situation and provided with support and advice while waiting for on-going treatment. 3. Jeremy Balfour I thank the minister for her answer. However, the fact remains that, in the last quarter, 85 young people in NHS Lothian waited for over a year and 118 of young people waiting for over a year across the whole of NHS health boards. Does the minister agree with me that I am the Scottish Children's Service Coalition when it states that there must be a radical transformation of our mental health services? Claire Hawke. Long waits for CAMHS treatment and support are unacceptable. I have said that on more than one occasion in this chamber. The Scottish Government expects all health boards to meet and sustain performance against mental health waiting times targets. To help achieve that ambition, our 2018-19 programme for government outlines a package of measures supported by £1.25 billion of additional investment. That comes in addition to £54 million, which has already been invested to help boards to improve their performance against waiting time targets. Mary Fee I look at the broader picture of access to CAMHS across Scotland. The latest figures show that over a quarter of referred children are not seen within the 18-week target waiting time. When does the minister expect to reach the 90 per cent target of children and young people accessing CAMHS within 18 weeks? Claire Hawke. Mary Fee I thank Mary Fee for her question. All boards now have in place improvement plans for CAMHS and psychological therapies supported by the mental health access improvement team with milestones over the next two years. The Scottish Government is currently working with health boards, including Lothian and Fife and others, to agree their annual operating plans, which include how they will deliver those standards. Question 4, Neil Findlay. To ask the Scottish Government what work it has done to plan for the lifting of the ban on mesh implants. Jeane Freeman I have been consistently clear that the complete halt to transvaginal mesh procedures, which I announced last September, would only be lifted if a high-vigilance restricted use protocol is developed to my satisfaction. I have not instructed any planning to consider the lifting of the halt and that the Scottish Government has undertaken no work to that effect. Neil Findlay I warmly welcome the news that it looks possible that the US surgeon Dr Varunicus may come to Scotland to help mesh injured women. I thank the Scottish mesh survivors, the Sunday Post and the parliamentarians who have kept the pressure up on this. Can the cabinet secretary and the interests of transparency ensure that all the minutes of the accountable officers group and the short-life working group on mesh are published today so that we can see very clearly what has been discussed at those groups and whether they are planning for the return of mesh? Jeane Freeman As I have made absolutely clear to Mr Findlay, whether mesh is ever returned will be my decision as a cabinet secretary. I have been very clear in this chamber that I have not instructed any work to plan for that return and I have not had any work undertaken by the Scottish Government to plan for that return. It really is vitally important that, in this chamber and elsewhere, we are crystal clear on that and not cause further distress to those who are affected by incorrect information. In terms of the minutes of those two groups, the minutes of the short-life working group, which I established following a meeting with some of the women affected by mesh complications in March, published the first minutes of their first meeting today. Subsequent minutes are published when the group approves those minutes. That applies to the one meeting that the earlier group, which was set up following my statement in September, looked at the High Vigilance protocol and looked at the work in terms of the audit that I committed to being undertaken. That group also has to approve its minutes before those are published. When all of that is done, including declarations of interest, all of that will be published on the Government's website. To ask the Scottish Government what actions it is taking to tackle safety concerns in Fife hospitals. Jeane Freeman The safety of NHS Scotland's patients and staff is a key priority for the Scottish Government. The Scottish Government introduced a range of measures to protect and improve patient safety, including the Scottish patient safety programme launched in 2008. In terms of NHS Fife, it has contributed to the effectiveness of that Scottish patient safety programme, with, for example, a fall of 9.8 per cent in hospital standardised mortality ratios, a fall in cardiac arrest and a reduction in falls over a period of six years. Alexander Stewart I thank the cabinet secretary for that response, but during a recent unannounced inspection of visits at Llanrothys hospital by Health Care Improvement Scotland, a number of concerning issues were uncovered, including contaminated equipment, used waste and sharps being stored in accessible areas and inappropriate monitoring of water safety associated with Legionella. So what action will the Scottish Government take to restore patient trust in this hospital? Jeane Freeman That is precisely why those inspections are so important and why they are undertaken. The inspection report in fairness to Llanrothys hospital also found a number of areas where the hospital was satisfactory. It is only fair that we note that as well in the chamber. The board has a requirement then, alongside that report, to produce an action plan about the specific actions that it will undertake. It has done that and I am happy to ensure that Mr Stewart sees a copy of that. Let's go back and report again on those actions and, of course, my officials keep that under review constantly. If there are matters that require my intervention, then I hope that he is assured that I will do so. Ruth Maguire Government, how it will evaluate the delivery of the alcohol and drug treatment strategy rights, respect and recovery. Joe FitzPatrick NHS Health Scotland is leading on the development of a monitoring and evaluation plan that involves the Scottish Government as well as other key stakeholders. The plan will enable the Scottish Government to measure progress and assess the impact of the strategy. Ruth Maguire The landscape for treatment and recovery services can be complex in the process of how funding for early intervention and recovery work versus core clinical services is allocated is a little opaque. Can the Scottish Government see how it will address that? Audit Scotland's report from May 2019 highlights that making performance-related reporting public could help. With accountability, does the minister agree? Joe FitzPatrick We welcome the Audit Scotland report and our national alcohol and drug strategy published last year set out a number of actions that will address issues identified in the report. The Scottish Government and COSLA intend to publish a partnership delivery framework in the coming weeks to support local planning arrangements to address alcohol and drug harms. As I mentioned before, we are working with NHS Health Scotland to develop a monitoring and evaluation framework for the new strategy. The introduction of the new drug and alcohol information system, or DAISY, later this year will also provide clearer links between spending and outcomes and will demonstrate how investment in drug and alcohol services contributes to improving health outcomes. Bill Kidd To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to the health impact of the 2019 drum wealth games, which took place on 14 June and saw over 500 primary five-to-S1 pupils participate in sport activities. Clare Haughey First, I would like to congratulate everyone involved in the drum wealth games in its seventh year, a great legacy of the common wealth games in 2014. Being physically active is one of the very best things that we can do for our physical and mental health. The drum wealth games are testament to what can be achieved through partnerships between schools and clubs, with drum chapel community sports hub, active schools and Glasgow sport working together in partnership. Sport at an early age provides a fun and sustainable contribution to physical activity, which will hopefully lead to longer, happier lives. Bill Kidd I thank the minister for that response. The drum wealth games encourages children of all capabilities to try out new sports. Does the minister agree that it is important for all children in Scotland to be introduced to a wide variety of sports with the opportunity to pursue those that they find a passion for? Clare Haughey Yes, I do agree with Bill Kidd. That is why programmes like active schools offer over 100 different activities ranging from football to dancing movement, giving children the opportunity to be active and take part in the activities that they enjoy. While I was deputy convener of the health and sport committee, I was fortunate to visit the drum chapel community sports hub, and I was very impressed by the facility that provides an opportunity to improve health and wellbeing for all of the local community. Question 8, Dean Lockhart. To ask the Scottish Government what support it is giving to NHS 4th valley to reduce waiting times for chronic pain. Jeane Freeman As Mr Lockhart will recall, the waiting times improvement plan specifically targets in its initial work those waiting longest and those with a clinical priority. In 2018-19, NHS 4th valley received additional £4 million, which it focused on support for general surgery, ENT, trauma and orthopedics. In this financial year, NHS 4th valley planned to utilise the additional funding from waiting times improvement to recruit new staff to the chronic pain service to increase capacity by running parallel pain management programme with ESP physiotherapists. That programme runs in parallel with consultant-led services and will contribute to and complement the national work that we are doing to improve chronic pain service development across the NHS. Dean Lockhart I thank the cabinet secretary for that response, but recent figures show that more than a quarter of patients in NHS 4th valley have waited over 18 weeks for treatment for chronic pain. Only 73 per cent were seen within the 18 weeks of referral below the target of 90 per cent. That made NHS 4th valley the second worst-performing health board in Scotland on this measure. The cabinet secretary referred to additional funding, but what real measures will she take to provide additional support to NHS 4th valley in order to improve this situation? Jeane Freeman I think that additional funding is part of the real measures that we do take. It is precisely because of the situation that Mr Lockhart has outlined at 4th valley, as all the boards are required to do, target those areas with the longest waits and where there is a clinical priority. That is why they are targeting their chronic pain service in this financial year. We will see the effectiveness of that as we see the figures come out in due course. That concludes portfolio questions in health and sport, and we will move on to the next item of business as soon as everyone gets seated.


Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhad in which we would look at conditional formatting using Excel and the minor data visualization purposes. This topic could be covered in introduction to data analytics and accounting or simply data analytics course, auditing, as well as managerial accounting, many uses for the conditional formatting. As always, I would like to remind you to connect with me on LinkedIn. If you haven't done so, YouTube is where you would need to subscribe. I have 1,700 plus accounting, auditing, tax and finance lectures, as well as Excel tutorial. If you like my lectures, please like them, share them, put them in playlists. If they benefit you, it means they might benefit other people, share the wealth, subscribe to the channel and connect with me on Instagram. On my website, farhadlectures.com, you will find additional resources for your accounting courses. Or if you are studying for your CPA exam, a lot of practice, a lot of questions, exercises, simulations, so on and so forth to get those 10 to 15 extra points to pass your CPA exam, as well as your CMA exam enrolled agent exam. Please check out my website. So to illustrate the conditional formatting function, we're going to be looking at this data to start with. And I'm sure you know that in Excel, you could use chart to visualize your data. Well, guess what? Conditional format can also help you visualize your data based on color coding. It helps you going to see trend and patterns in your data. It sounds very challenging, but it's pretty easy and very powerful. So let's assume we're looking at this data. It's the salespeople as the best car dealer in town. So here we have the name of the individual and per month. And what I can do real quick, for example, if I want to know who has the highest sales or the lowest sales here, what I can do, I can highlight all the names. I'm sorry, highlight all the data that I want to examine, click on conditional formatting. And what I'm going to do, I'm going to be using color scales. And I like to the yellow, red and yellow, red, yellow and green because people are familiar with that. Let me click on that. And what's going to happen, it's going to highlight the large numbers, the large figures. For example, in March, I see that Ashley had 183,282 in sales. Also, in May, Anthony had 181,942. Notice it chose me the large numbers. It also highlight the low numbers would light green. For example, here I see that Anthony in January didn't do very well. He only had 12,700. Maybe he did not. He started late in January or Anthony was still in training. But I noticed by May, his sales reached 181,942. So this is a good way at looking at the data. Or let me clear this conditional format. I'm going to show you later how to clear this. So I can either clear selected rules or I can clear the entire sheet. I'm going to clear those selected rules. Also, how can I use conditional data? I can use it, for example, if I'm looking for all the sales that are above 160. So those are really impressive. So what I can do is I can click on highlight sales rules. Greater than, and here I have a greater than if I want to look for less than, for example, if they're too low, too high, in between a certain figure, a specific sales number, a cell that contains a certain tax. If I'm looking at dates and duplicate value, I would look at later. But let's assume I want to see which salespeople reach at least per month above 100. And let's make it 150,000, 150,000, make it 160, 160,000. I believe that number is impressive. And I want to reward them or I want to know who they are. For example, Ashley in two consecutive month reaches above the only person that in two consecutive month reach above 60. And I notice right away, I would notice that here and there, Joseph also had two months. I notice here that Adam did not have any month above 160, as well as Bill and Tom, so maybe they need additional training. So notice I can real quick kind of get a good idea about who's doing well and who's not doing so well. And what's neat about, what's neat about conditional formatting, they have some preset, preset rules and basically you could see those numbers in data bars and show you what it looks like. It's not really good here. I'll show it to you in a different scenario. Let me highlight everything just to show you how it goes. And the higher is the number, the higher is the bar. Obviously it's a bar you should be familiar with bars. You could look at color scaling. I showed you how color scaling works. Or you could use icon sets. For example, here, it tells me right away for the month of February, who's doing really good, like the green, that person that's doing really good, Avi and Ashley, and who's doing in between the yellow and who's who was doing bad in February, Anthony L. Same thing in January. I would know right away immediately what's going on really quick. So that's the beauty of it. Now let me clear this. I'll keep this conditional format. It doesn't matter. The reason I'm telling you this, because when you want to clear the rules, you could clear the rules from the selected cells or you can clear the rules from the entire sheet or you can manage your rules. So you could have many rules at the same time and you could manage them. For example, here I have the cell above 160 and the icon sets. I'm going to delete both because notice you could have more than one. I'm going to delete both for, well, delete this one and delete this one. Now I basically I cleared my rules. Another way to use the conditional formatting, let's assume, and I use this a lot in my classes when I have grades. Sometimes I have 36 students and I want to kind of highlight who's doing the best and who's doing the worst and who's in between. So I could click on my, you know, select my data, go to conditional formatting, and I'm looking at the top bottom rules and I want to see the top 10% in the course and I only have Justin. Now I can, you know, I only have Justin. I also want to see the top, the lowest 10%, the top and the bottom 10%. Let's see, I'm going to change, you can change the color here, you can change the yellow, green, green fill with dark green text, light, red fill, red text, or you could just customize to whatever you want to. Okay, here you could use any colors you want. I always use red. So I'm going to use red for this purpose. Click on this and Bill is not doing very well. The bottom 10% in my class. Also, what I like about this is also it's going to give me any glance. Who's the color scale, the icon sets. Notice here, it's going to tell me who's at risk. For example, let me just kind of select this, select this one. I like this one. So who's at risk? I see that Bill and Thomas are at risk. John S. as well as at risk. George K., Ashley K., and Avi and Balader in between, and the green one are doing well, they're above average. Or I want to highlight the people who are above average, so I can highlight this, go to conditional formatting, and I want the people that are above average, above average. So click on above average, and I'm going to, I don't know, I'm going to do, I'm going to do custom format, and what I'm going to do, I'm going to put them in bold. Okay. And okay. So now I know who's doing above average. Okay. These individuals are obviously the green ones, just, yeah, well, as well as George K., now doing above average based on the average class. So this is how I can, the many uses of conditional formatting. Also, if I have two lists of items, for example, I might have my cash ledger, for example, I wrote those checks in my company. And now I receive my bank statement, and I want to know which check did not clear. So basically I'm looking at two lists. So you could highlight both lists, highlight this list, click on control and highlight the other list. Go to conditional formatting, highlight cells, and I'm looking for click on duplicate values. And I want to look at, you could either look at duplicate values or unique values. I'm going to click on unique values, click on okay. And I see that check number 58 and 62 are unique. In other words, they're in one list and not the other. So notice here, check 58 did not clear the bank yet because it's not what my checks that cleared the bank and check 62 did not clear the bank. I know this check 58 is a large check 9,720 compared to the, my average check is 2,517. I'm looking at it at below here. So those are some of the many uses of conditional formatting. Now how would you use your conditional formatting? It's up to you how you're going to use it at your work. As long as you know its capability, you'll be able to use it whether you are deducting fraud, using it for internal control, financial statement analysis, or simply to manage your business. And simply put, notice managing rules, you could, you know, delete, edit rules. And also what you can do too, you could click on new rules and set basically your own rules. They're similar to the preset functions but some of them you could use formula to determine which cells to format. So you could use any formula you want to to look up a specific form, to look up a specific cell value. As always, I would like to remind you to visit my website and subscribe to the, subscribe to my YouTube. And if you are a CPA students or accounting candidate, I strongly suggest to invest in my website. Good luck. Study hard. Stay safe, especially those coronavirus days. Good luck.


This is the only way you should be making salmon now. Don't listen to this guy. Don't listen to that clone. Huh, don't listen to either one of those guys. This is how you make the best salmon. First step is you need some sriracha. We're using it as a binder, but you're still gonna taste it. Now you need the Dano's Chipotle. That's the maroon top, there's nothing like it. Put a heavy coating on the salmon. Make sure to get our edges. We're gonna pat it in, now you do this. We need some olive oil. We're basically using it as a second binder. Now this is where Dano's Crunchy comes in. That's the black top. Look at those big chunks, sesame seeds, rosemary, lemon peel, orange peel, garlic, onion. There's absolutely nothing like it. Pat it in. And now we air fry at 400 degrees for 10 minutes. Check that out. Time for us to get a bite. That right there, that crispy, crunchy crust. You can't try that. You can tell me it's not the best salmon you ever had. Yum, yum, get yourself.


All right. The reason I'm doing this video is a because I love making videos And I haven't done one for like a week Secondly, it's because you can't go another day being anxious without knowing this tip, okay? If you're subscribed to the newsletter on Facebook, you know I've had a pretty low anxious week Got a new job and all that updates later. This tip Shout out to Jessica for giving me this tip Really caused my anxiety. I'm gonna be using it for the rest of my life and it's so simple and so weird So here it is. I don't think it has a name, but Jessica friend of mine her therapist Told her about it and then she's like Scott try it. I do it and it actually works.    Let's do that together through the nose and At the mouth through the nose and at the mouth Okay, that rhythm of breathing When you're anxious you want to do longer exhales Then you do inhales All right, you want to breathe out Way more CO2 than take in oxygen. This really calms down your heart rate Calms you down in general the reason it's called triangle breathing is because this is weird but it actually works for me and Jessica is Picture a triangle When you are breathing All right Are you picturing a triangle? I'm picturing an equilateral triangle when I breathe. Okay, so you have One side for those of you who don't know what a triangle is Hey, you have one side two sides three sides When I'm breathing and I'm anxious and I'm trying to calm myself down I'm picturing this triangle and I'm following the lines with my mind Brus Okay, go go Sorry about that. This is just give me an unedited video Okay, so when you're anxious. All right, this is very serious man.  I got to calm down All right, I've done other videos where it's like don't calm down lift weights and stuff Hey, if that's not your cup of tea try this so you're breathing Inhale follow the lines of the triangle in your mind and you can even use your hand and Trace the triangle like this. All right, you're in your room.  All right, you ready close your eyes Picture that triangle You're gonna inhale on one side and exhale on the other two sides Then you're gonna trace the triangle again And again All right, so it really like you're focusing on your breath That's one thing for mindfulness and and calming anxiety. You want to focus on that breath This is adding another layer to it to even focus your mind even more on the present moment It's giving you that shape. It's giving you another point of focus And that's why for me and many others and Jessica. Hi, Jessica. It really works. Well It's worked for me for the past week. It's amazing what I picture in my mind. This is what I do Russ, come on. I just let you out buddy. Come on. Come Good boy, sorry Russ My focus okay, so wow, where was I? What I picture in my mind when I do this triangle exercise is like a gradient It's like when I'm inhaling.  I picture the gradient I picture like a blue side of the triangle or white or yellow and while you're breathing shorter exhale inhale Sorry longer exhales Focus on the triangle. I guarantee No, I'm not gonna guarantee. What is this an infomercial? Hopefully it works for you. All right, and if it does What do I always say?  Follow me on Twitter Facebook All the links are below patreon page. You know the drill and it's good to be back Try the triangle breathing guys. Thanks. Oh, and there's Russ. Hey Russ say hi to everyone buddy Russ Not today guys


Okay. Can you trust Google with your password? Can you trust anyone with your password? Should you use different passwords on different services? Is there any secure way for a service to store your password? We're going to talk about all those questions in this video. It's actually sort of going to be basic cryptography, but a lot of people don't know this stuff, so it's worth talking about. So, I'll go ahead and answer those questions first. As for if you can trust Google or any other service, the correct answer is I don't know. We cannot be sure because we don't always know what any of these services are running on their actual servers. And I'll talk about why that's important in a bit. But just know you should always be maximally cautious. You should always use different passwords for different things. But is there a secure way to actually store passwords? Yes. Or at least you can actually test passwords, usernames and passwords without actually even having the password stored. We're going to talk about how you can do that in this video. In a good service, hopefully every single service out there, Google, Facebook, all of them, store usernames and passwords in this way. Or technically, again, they're not storing them. Let's talk about it. Firstly, what is the dumbest possible way to store user logins? The stupidest possible way? Very simple. You have a text file, you have a database, you keep usernames and you keep passwords in there. And when someone tries to log in, you check their username and password. If it works, then you let them log in. That is the stupidest possible way because two obvious reasons. Firstly, any hacker that gets access to your server instantly has all the usernames and passwords. Because they're not encrypted in any way. They're not stored in any other. They're not hashed. We'll talk about that in a second. They're not stored in any way. They can just see them and use them. Worst case scenario.  And that is you can see their password. That's basically just as bad for them. They have to trust you. They have to trust that you're not going to take their username and password and try and log on to another service. That's why you should always assume you can't trust these different services. So you should always be using different passwords. So that is the dumbest way you could store passwords, just in plain text. A marginally better but still terrible way of storing passwords is encrypting them. You might think that encryption will save everything. Oh, encrypted. That means it's safe. No, no, no, no, no. Not in the context of passwords. It is marginally better but still basically just as bad. Why is that? Now, when I say encryption, I mean encrypting them with maybe a GPG key pair or something like that. And specifically, if you encrypt something, let's say you have a password. Let's say the password is the word password. If you encrypt that, that just means you perform some kind of encryption algorithm on it that maybe has a key to unlock it and you generate some new sequence of text. And that new sequence of text can be decrypted if you have that key. So you can go two ways. You can encrypt something, you can decrypt something. Now, that is marginally better than plain text because the hacker has to do one other thing. They have to obtain the encryption keys that unlock all of these passwords. But in real life, that's probably something very easy to do in a lot of cases because if they're already hacking your server, and your server, of course, has to encrypt and decrypt these passwords anyway, you're probably gonna have that encryption key somewhere available on the server. And even if you have some harebrained scheme of storing that, it is still a one point of failure. So someone could still decrypt all the passwords and it's only marginally better than having plain text. If someone had root access to your server, you're just as screwed, basically, okay? And the same problem persists for users trusting you. Obviously, you're gonna have the decryption keys. So that's still the same problem for them. So what is the real way to store passwords? The real secure way to store passwords is by not storing them. Here's what you do instead. Instead of using an encryption algorithm, people use what's called a hashing algorithm.  Hashing does not work like that. Hashing is you take that password, you take that text, and a hashing algorithm will produce what's called a hash.  It's in the same way that encryption might look like a bunch of random text. But a hashing algorithm cannot be reversed, okay? Now, just as an example, let's say an encryption algorithm could be something, if you're very stupid and you don't have an encryption key, an encryption key, or encryption could be as easy as you taking every letter and replacing it with the letter after it, okay?  You could also very simply decrypt that. You could take every letter and find, and of course, undo that and find the letter before it. Very easy to do. But a hashing algorithm is not like that. A hashing algorithm is performing something on the text that is irreversible. Maybe you're following advanced rules that are, maybe sometimes you replace it with things after it. Sometimes you inject, if you don't have enough, inject new characters if you don't have other characters. But really, I mean, hashing algorithms and encryption algorithms are much more complicated than this. I just want to get the idea through your head that hashing algorithms are one way and one way only. You cannot look at a hash and figure out what generated it, okay? So this is much, much, much more secure than encryption. Now, it's not 100% secure. I'll explain why. But it's really, really good, okay? It's good in the sense that if someone sees a hash, they don't know anything about your password. They can't decrypt it. You can't do anything.  How are they going to know that that's it? Well, what they do is, when you first give them your password, they don't store it. Instead, they make, they store the hash of it. And when you log in with your password, they, again, are not comparing your password to the password they have stored. They're comparing, they make a hash of that password you're giving and see if it matches the hash of the password you already have, okay? That's, in just in case it isn't clear, that's how it works, okay? Now, you might ask, oh, well, what if the hash is, there is a problem of something called collision. That is, if you have a very simple hashing algorithm, a very stupid and simple hashing algorithm, you might by random chance have a hash that is shared in common by two, like two different passwords could generate one particular hash. That is not something you have to worry about in real life because the hashing algorithms we actually use are like way more complicated than that. It might actually be impossible. I don't know. You'll have to ask a professional about it, but it's just, let's just say it's so astronomically unlikely it's not an issue, okay? All right. So anyway, hashing. Much better way of preventing hacking.  But there is still a way to get through it. If you're a good hacker, you can figure out how to still figure out people's passwords. How do you do that? Well, you do it basically by brute force or having a word list. What you do is you, let's say you take all the words in the dictionary, okay? And you make a hash. You find the hash of every single one of those words. Then what you can do, if you've hacked on a server, you can look and see if any of those hashes match any of the hashes that people have stored as passwords. And in which cases, ah, I can figure out that this is their password because it matches this hash. This is why it's important to not just use dictionary words or easily guessable words just out of nowhere. It's a bad idea to do that because you fall prey to these kind of dictionary attacks. Okay?  You want to change things around, random things about them, replace letters, totally merge words in weird ways, add in weird characters. You want to just make things that would make it difficult for someone brute forcing them to figure out. Okay? Now still, like how this works in real life too, when you try and log into a server, I mean this is just sort of details, but when you try and log into a server, normally there will be some kind of, let's say, time lag. If you're trying to log into a Unix system or something like that, there's a little time lag. If you get a password wrong, that's often very common when you try and log into something or you might have only five tries or something to get into something with a password. So you can't brute force the system itself, but if you have the hashes, you could just use simple commands like diff or something to find, or grep or something like that to find matching hashes. Anyway, so that is not the perfect way. There is no perfect way, but that is not the most closest to perfect way to store passwords or to not to store passwords, but to check passwords. You can go one bit further, and that is in addition to hashing a password, you can also salt and hash it. Now, what does that mean? Now, what that means is when someone, let's say again, you're someone managing a web service and people log in with a username and password, you have, when someone logs in or starts an account with a username and password, you generate a what's called salt. And what salt is just like a random byte or so of data, maybe a random number in anything random. You generate a random byte of data and what you do is instead of hashing that password, what you do is you combine that random byte of data with the password and you get a hash of those things together. You get one hash of both of them together. Then what you do is you store the username, that hashed and salted password and you also store the salt that generates it. Now, how is that any different? That's different because it makes it much more difficult to do these kind of brute force attacks or wordless attacks, dictionary attacks. Because you basically have to know, let's say the salt that's been generated for your account, the number 12 or something like that, that's the salt. Let's say your password is password and your salt is 12 and so you have a hash of those two things together. Now, let's say that someone is brute forcing the word password. They will not find a hash that matches because they have to specifically be, you know, they have to specifically look for the hash of 12 and password together. Additionally, if you are giving users each, you know, if salt is truly random and it's different for every single user, then if someone wanted to attack, like let's say that I decided I want to hack Billy's account and I know that Billy's salt is 12, okay? I can do a massive, very intensive check of every possible word in the dictionary and alternations of these words and all this kind of stuff and I have a massive word list and maybe if I get lucky, I will hack Billy's account. But even in that case, even if you do, which is very unlikely if Billy chose a good password that isn't just something simple, even in that case, you have not been able to hack anyone else's, okay? Because everyone else has different salt. Billy has salt of 12, everyone else might have had some different salt. So you've actually gotten nowhere in terms of hacking everyone else, all right? So that is what, that's basically why people salt and hash passwords to store them. Now, as to the original question, can you trust Google or can you trust any other service with your password? The answer again is you can't really be sure. You don't actually know how Google is, what Google is doing with your passwords. Maybe they're hashing and salting them, you would hope, they're pros, they're supposed to do that, but theoretically, Google could be doing something malicious with your password, they could be storing it in some other way or monitoring it in some other way. So it's always safest, okay? I mean, provided that, provided that like, you know, it's not like front-end stuff happening on your computer that's hashing and salting the password, I mean, it's theoretically possible to do it totally safe, but in general, I wouldn't, if you're a normal person, do not necessarily trust any service because although there are highly secure ways of storing passwords or hashing and salting them, don't necessarily believe that anyone is gonna use them. Always be suspicious, it's best to use different passwords for stuff, but yeah, it is possible, it is possible to have a highly secure password setup if you hash and salt all your user accounts and passwords. All right, so that's about it.


Does the narcissist know your worth? Many people are confused about if the narcissist recognises their worth. The narcissist often treats their victims with contempt, as though they are worthless beneath their consideration. But just because they treat you this way, it doesn't mean that it's how they feel about you. It doesn't mean that they don't recognise your worth. When the narcissist first met you, they treated you well. They made an effort to appreciate and respect you. They treated you in this way because they recognised your value. They recognised what you had to offer. And they knew that they had to love bomb you to lure you in and secure you as their source of supply. They knew that they had to emotionally manipulate you with excessive amount of attention, admiration, affection, flattery, gifts and praise. They knew that they had to do this to win over your attention for the purpose of being able to control you. But it was never about sharing anything with you. It was never about appreciating everything that you possessed or had to offer. It was all about extracting everything good about you. That was the only reason why they wanted to be around you because they knew that you would benefit them in some way. You had what they wanted. But as time went by, they began to realise that you weren't going to willingly hand it over to them. They began to realise that your qualities, abilities and resources were never going to be theirs and in their minds that made you selfish. That meant that you lacked consideration for them or that you were only concerned with your own personal profit or pleasure even if you did support them financially or emotionally. It was never enough. They could never be satisfied with anything you provided to them but they didn't see that as a fault that they had made. They saw it as though there was something wrong with you as though you had made a fault and mistake as though you were being too selfish or greedy. They expected you to save them. They expected you to make their lives a lot easier and make them feel good about themselves. They held you responsible for their health and well-being and you caved into their demands and did everything you could to please them to the point where you began to neglect yourself. But it was never enough. They were never satisfied with anything you did for them. This then made you feel as though you weren't enough and the narcissist was quick to make you feel that way. They may have even told you that you're not good enough or that you can't do anything right. It made you feel worthless and insignificant. It made you feel like there's no point in trying but the truth is it wasn't you. It's not that you weren't good enough. It's just that it's impossible to satisfy the insatiable desires of a narcissist. The narcissist feels as though they are not enough and nothing you do can change that. Only they can change that by going within themselves. But whenever you are around the narcissist they will quickly make you feel as though you are not enough. They have to project their feelings about themselves onto you because it's too painful for them to deal with. It also makes them feel better about themselves by putting you beneath them. But you're not really beneath them. They are fully aware of your worth and that is why they have to do this. That is why they have to put you down and make you doubt your value and significance because if you really knew how great you are you would wonder what you're even doing around them and be more focused on how they're not about anything while you're doing all of the work and that is why they have to keep you constantly looking at yourself doubting yourself questioning if what you're doing and who you are is enough when the only reason that they targeted you is because they knew you were more than enough. They knew that you had something to offer but they only got with you to take that from you when they realised that you weren't going to give it up that easily they became resentful they began to feel bitterness or indignation and I haven't been treating unfairly because in their minds it is unfair they feel entitled to everything you have without putting any of the work in while making you believe that you're not worth anything because if you knew what you were worth you would never share anything with them because you would realise that they don't even know how to trim something of value they don't know how to take care of it and they don't understand that they need to invest something into it for it to grow and become even more valuable but they can't do that because they don't have anything to offer they were expected to get everything they need from you the narcissist recognises your worth that is what made you stand out among everyone else that is why they targeted you that is why they became so bitter and resentful towards the end and that is why they cannot stand to see you move on if something doesn't possess any significance or value to you you're not going to care if you lose it you're not going to care if you don't have it anymore you're not going to go chasing after a bag of rubbish because it's worthless it has no use to you but when it's something of value when it's something that you know is really worth something something really rare like a diamond that you might not find anywhere else you might travel to the ends of the earth to get that thing back you might never stop thinking about that diamond you might try to track it you might keep tabs on it you might observe it carefully and keep a record of it because you know you're never going to find anything like that ever again thank you for watching I hope this video raised it with you please like, comment, share and subscribe click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos if you are allowed to donate my PayPal link is in the video description coaching and queries you can email me at larkfeathercoaching.com thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon


Aloha, Aloha Friday, Stan the Energy Man here, half way through summer already. Can you believe it? Just amazing. Well, today we're going to talk about something a little bit different.  So today's political atmosphere is super charged with the rhetoric. So how does the average American sort through all the sound bites, the hype, and get to the heart of the issues? So today, our distinguished panel will break down a few of the energy-related topics so American voters can make their decisions based on sound logic and science. We have with us today Mr. Dr. Dave Villanero, who studied at the University of Baton Blanc in the French Riviera, and did his thesis on alcohol consumption among juvenile canines and arctic. We also have with us Dr. Rachel James from the University of Bahamas, Ilderum, who did her thesis on dating habits of post-juvenile male Drosophila confined to high school petri dishes. And of course, I'm your host, Dr. Stan Osserman, University of Waimanalo, MIT, Makapu Institute of Teletherapy. Oh, come on. So now that we've got our credentials established, we're here to talk about what's really going on in politics. We're serious from here on out. We have so much fun at work, we just have to continue on the show here today. So thanks to our show, but we really are going to talk about important stuff today. We're going to talk a little bit about climate change and some of the things going on in our world that have to do with politics and talk about energy and politics. So really, this is Dave Villanero and Rachel James, both of them work with me at HCAT. And we thought we'd have a little bit of fun there, so hope you enjoyed it. Anyway, welcome to the show. Good to have both of you here. And we deal with energy day in and day out, all day long, all kinds, transportation, grid, everything. So let's talk a little bit about some of the things that we're working every day. And I wrote a bunch of questions down here that have to do with some of the things we're looking at. So let's start with Alexa. Is Alexa up? Alexa, what's weather change or climate change? Uh-oh, she's not listening anymore. Right, right. Okay, we'll talk about climate change. The first question I'd like to discuss is, is climate change real and is it man-made? So, Rachel, what do you think? I mean, are we making a lot to do about nothing? Is this something that naturally happens in cycles or are all the scientists really just out there, you know, saying all this stuff for nothing? What's going on? Well, so climate change does happen naturally. And so the conversation about climate change is less whether or not climate change is man-made, but the pace at which the climate is changing. So it's certainly been changing at a pace that's been induced by human activity. So I'd say yes, climate change is natural. Yes, it's exacerbated by our activity. Okay. Dr, I would agree with you as well on that assessment. I think climate change is definitely real. I think humankind has contributed significantly to that natural trend of eating the climate and global climate change. I think we can all agree on that. The one interesting thing to point out though is a lot of times people take statistics and they kind of change a little bit here and it has a whole different meaning. So there's an old saying that there's lies, downlies and statisticians. So when you hear something like 9 out of 10 scientists agree that climate change is caused by man. But really what the survey said was 9 out of 10 scientists agree that man has a role in climate change. It's two totally different things.  That's really not what the survey said. And on the other side it's like that's all bogus stuff, it's not really what the thing said. And then you have the arguments. I agree. What we do is get past those arguments and talk about like you said Rachel, we have a role in it. It's obvious we have a role in it because our cars pollute. Like I said on one of my shows and you found entertaining, you wouldn't wrap your lips around your exhaust pipe and start breathing that stuff. It's not good for you. So if you wouldn't breathe it right off of your car, what makes it good for the atmosphere and the climate? So next question would be, so why should the US do anything about it? When you look at our sky, look at our background, look in Hawaii, we're nice and clean and pristine all the time, but then look at India or China or some other big industrial countries and it's ugly. So what's the US's role in climate change? Why should we be taking all the burden on ourselves and forcing ourselves to do carbon credits and all this stuff? So in the climate change discussion particularly, I'm a big fan of we should do better because we know how to do better and so waiting for someone to verify or confirm that climate change is happening or say that we're contributing to it, we have the technology and we have the expertise, we have the opportunity to do better and so we should. So for me that's really kind of the beginning and the end of the discussion, but on a global scale, similarly we have an opportunity to be at the forefront of doing things a better way and because climate change impacts the globe, it's important that everybody kind of play a part and we have all the tools at our disposal so we have but to use them. Dave? I'd like to add on to what Rachel said. I think we do have the technology and the skills. I think more importantly, United States has demonstrated leadership and has leadership and must continue to demonstrate the leadership to counteract the changes in the climate right now. I think that's probably the key. I'd agree with you there and I think that's really what the US should be taking the lead and even Hawaii should be taking the lead. People look to Hawaii as a pristine place and a place that should be kept naturally beautiful for visitors and things. So even more than the regular continental United States, the folks in Hawaii have a natural bent towards a great climate and we ought to be leading the way and helping the US lead the way. So our role shouldn't be to dictate it but I think as Americans we should take our responsibility as leading the way in climate change and showing the way it could be and should be and make it economically profitable too. I think that's another piece. A lot of times folks attach climate change to well it's not cost effective. I mean we've got this fossil fuel, it's cheaper, let's just use that and then on the other side you've got, but it's dirty and you guys are just being greedy and you get into the argument about what to do but there's a medium in there where you can make the change and make it economically viable and lead the way also and maybe that's the road we should take. So how should we do it? How should we try in Hawaii particularly? How should Hawaii try and lead the way in climate and solving climate change issues and leading the way in renewable energy in particular? I think we should do it with both hands in the air going as fast as we can and we should say woo as we're doing it. Seriously, I think we should do it that way. We are primed not only because we're an island and we need to but because we have the intellect, we have the will, we have the historical knowledge, we have the ancestral knowledge here of people practicing how to live in tandem with the environment so we have a really strong basis upon which to build. Sure, the key word that you hear nowadays is sustainability and that's exactly right. A hundred years ago, the Hawaiians had a sustainable agriculture and environment and fisheries and set the example a hundred years ago so why can't Hawaii lead the way today? So, Dave, what are some of the ways you think that Hawaii could lead? I think that Hawaii is leading the change right now. Again, as you mentioned, the 2045 mandate for renewable energy for electric production is absolutely huge. Exactly, exactly. That shows an understanding, a collective understanding of the state, not only by the government but the people that live here. We are on an island and I think we understand probably more than most people throughout the world that we have limited resources and we need to protect those resources and do everything in our power to make that happen. And I think that goes back to your point of leadership too. I mean, a good leader just doesn't have to sit there and ram things down on people but just say, look, we need to set the example. And I think you're right, Governor Ige, almost called him General Ige, Governor Ige sent a great example and the legislature by setting the 100% renewable by 2045 was just like that reverberated around the world. Now people look to Hawaii and go, wow, that's really aggressive. And I think that's the kind of thing we need to do. So really what we've basically said is, you know, climate change is a man-made, I'm sure we contribute to it. And no matter whether you think it's a natural recurring cycle or whether you're contributing to it on a massive scale, the right thing to do is just to start living cleaner and have our technologies cleaned up, industries cleaned up, oceans and rivers and streams cleaned up and our highways, our transportation sector needs to get cleaned and not just the cars, the airplanes, the boats and work towards a cleaner environment. So is climate change important? It certainly is. I mean, it's definitely been getting warmer this year, whether it's a natural cycle or not, we'll get through it and we'll live through it. But we should always just be focusing on doing what we can do to preserve our environment and preserve our natural beauty, especially here in Hawaii. So we're going to take a quick break here and come back and talk about some other topics on energy and what we can do about it to go cleaner and greener. Aloha, I'm Kirsten Baumgart Turner, host of Sustainable Hawaii. Every Tuesday at noon we talk about issues important to Hawaii's sustainability, the issues of conservation, renewable energy, land management, food and energy security and other issues that are extremely important as the World Conservation Congress approaches in the first week of September and next year's World Youth Congress that's taking place here that's focusing on sustainability as well. Please tune in, join us as we highlight all the good things that are happening to achieve sustainability in Hawaii. Mahalo. Hello, and I'm Patrick Bratton. Please join me for Global Connections every Thursday at 1 p.m. where we talk with a variety of guests about various international issues, historical issues, both here in Hawaii and abroad, range from security, human rights, ethics and all sorts of other things. So please join me. I look forward to talking with you and seeing some of my guests. Hey, welcome back to my lunch hour. Actually, it's our lunch hour because we're all from HCAT, Stand Energy Man here with Rachel James and Dave Malinero, my crew at HCAT. We deal with energy and renewable resources all day long in sustainability, so we're here to talk to you a little bit about it today. And I think we finally got Alexa to work. So, Alexa, what's climate change? How come she did it two seconds ago and now she's not doing it? She's camera shot. I'm telling you. We've got to get our computers going here. They're letting us down. Okay, Alexa, what is climate change? Global warming and climate change, our terms for the observed century scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. There you go, but I don't know if I'd want to count on technology to save the world if that's how this is going to go. At least we try there. That's Alexa, our studio computer that knows everything. So let's talk a little bit about energy security and energy resiliency in Hawaii and in the U.S. A lot of people talk about energy security in terms of where we buy our fossil fuels and making sure that we can keep the price where we want it and things like that. And then, of course, we work with the military and the military energy security is, hey, when I need the energy on my base to do my mission, it better be there because I can't have a cyber attack or something take down my power and I lose power to all my mission critical assets. So what are some of the things about energy security and energy resiliency that you think are going to start with Dave this time? It is absolutely imperative that we become energy independent as a nation. We have relied too long on fossil fuels from foreign entities, foreign entities that we've had to go fight wars in support of and, you know, you're a former general officer in the military. I served a long time in the military as well. We know firsthand the cost of not being energy independent from the human perspective. Terrible losses, terrible family challenges that are induced by that. But there's also an economic and economics, the economics of making that happen where we are not shelling out money to foreign entities, foreign countries to provide energy to us. Got to change. Energy security is paramount. But when I think about security, I think a lot about developing nations and because so much of the push is to replicate what First World Nations are doing, much of everyday life has depended on something that has some sort of an energy draw. And so in a sense of security for a town or a city or a small community, like to run your city, you're going to need energy and if you can't have reliable energy like the rest of your systems are very likely to fail. And so from just a development standpoint with the population growing so rapidly and everybody pushing for what we have here in the West, it's very, very important that people look to being independent in their energy production and storage and all the movement but they need to be able to contain and maintain it. Okay, so on the mainland there's all kind of sources of energy. You've got hydroelectric dams that are producing a lot of really cheap energy and nuclear power plants which we don't have in Hawaii for probably really good reasons to think here. You know, and so electrical energy can be relatively cheap and renewable and it is many places on the mainland but here in Hawaii we're basing a lot of ours on fossil fuel either, mostly petroleum but to most people surprise coal. I think about 10% of our electricity here is generated by coal which is a great natural resource that we have in the U.S. and gives us energy independence with other costs that people are really cautious of and then the transportation side. You know, the U.S. uses more gasoline and fuel oil by far than any other western country or any other country. I think even if we produced all our own domestic oil and natural gas and everything we would have a hard time meeting the demand especially as energy requirements grow. I mean we're not going to say we don't only need this much energy now we're actually going to start needing more and more as well as China, as well as India. So what are some of our options? I mean, even if we all started driving plug-in electric cars right now is that realistic or hydrogen cars right now? I mean how fast can you switch to a technology like that and how do we eat that elephant? You know, how do we make that change and make it work, make it real? I think we have to combat or change 100 plus years of mindset with fossil fuel consumption. We also have to adapt and modify infrastructure that's developed over those over the past century, century and a half that have supported fossil fuels. So will batteries, cars, will hydrogen fuel cell vehicles dominate the next decade or two? Probably not, but you have to start somewhere and you've got to start today. Rachel? Yes, you eat an elephant one bite at a time. And so we have to take those bites. And so that's part, you know, electric plug-ins that's part hydrogen fuel cell vehicles but that's a large part of cultural change and a lot of its information and helping people understand their impact on the globe and not just in a do-good thing so people live better but a very tangible, if you change this habit it will have dramatic impact on the atmosphere. So I think getting that message out that's incremental change but that's lasting change and so that cultural shift I think will help support the technology transformations that will happen over the next few decades. I don't think people understand what capabilities we have right now with battery and photovoltaic hydrogen fuel cells and even biodiesel biofuels and it's a matter of education and Rachel and I talked about that a lot at the office about how to get that message out how to become a change agent to help people understand what really, what technologies are out there now that we can use to start that change. So what's the big shift going to be? You've got the Elon Musk on one side saying batteries and you've got Toyota on the Mariah saying it's going to be hydrogen fuel cell vehicles so is it in either or is it in all of the above and who's going to pick up the pace and kind of do the long haul? What do you think Rachel? I'm like, Dr. David? What do you think? No, it's all of the above truly but a lot of it has to do with infrastructure and so whatever in the all of the above will encompass either existing infrastructure and a trajectory to fast pace a change or if a place has an opportunity to establish brand new what the future is going to be then that infrastructure has to be there and so as we talk about educating people and making sure people like the common folk are aware of what's capable it's really important that our legislators, our leaders are aware of what's necessary for not only the country but for states and what their capabilities are and what they are proficient at already and what they can easily transition toward so laying that foundation I think is important and that will really dictate how fast the transformation takes place And what's the relationship going to be as we try and go to 100% renewables on the grid to try and to go closer to renewables in transportation? I mean we made that point before that they're now interconnected if you have plug-in vehicles on your grid that can be energy storage as well as a draw on the grid as well as a load when you need to to shed renewable energy so plug-ins have that role so how do we get to that point where maybe the grid and the transportation sector are closer what kind of things should we be looking at? You want to add that one, Dave? Well, the microgrid that's currently under development at Hickam through AppRoles you're intimately familiar with is I think going to be a great R&D project to help demonstrate how those technologies can transfer from just a microgrid to perhaps communities City and County of Honolulu perhaps nationwide as well so we're not sure what that grid all those technologies will be and what the capabilities that might be there from that grid but that there's some certain adaptability that will come from it Okay, Rachel? Certainly having the conversation between departments is essential so I mean now we converse regularly with the Department of Transportation we speak with HECO we speak to community leaders from various walks of life as well as who chair various committees so we have strong support there and people being more open to having a more diverse conversation and not so siloed so I think that's an important first step and then the other side is those small bites of the elephant and so if we talk about hydrogen and we want to talk about hydrogen and energy, electricity side then we can talk about implementing things like hydrogen grills or propane dispension but also having hydrogen as an option and so integrating these new technologies into people's everyday lives is important to start that infrastructure development and then as the technologies come on board so like with fuel cell vehicles as that technology advances and more vehicles are available there's already that seeding of technology within that infrastructure development and wherever the community that's adopting it's going to be so here in Hawaii we're primed to generate our own hydrogen we have such depth of available renewable resources that we can generate that cleanly and so if we can start there and start placing these new technologies in people's regular day-to-day activities that's just the basis for change so part of that cultural change and then part of that developing the infrastructure so I think that you have to have that segue to be able to make lasting change okay let's pull that thread a little bit further then you know right now we have Hawaiian Electric as a publicly regulated electric utility we have Hawaii Gas as a publicly publicly regulated utility both of them are monopolies and they're regulated publicly because they are monopolies and they serve the people of Hawaii are we going to see a shift from electricity to gas of some kind and if so is it going to be natural gas liquid natural gas or should we go right to hydrogen or what kind of options do you think we have there that's the education piece for me I mean as a publicly regulated utility the public should have a voice but the decision makers so our commissioners in the PUC and it's great because I see so many of them out there having these conversations with one another but also with community members as well as with people in the industry so providing that information for what the people of Hawaii want is really important to make informed decisions and so what the answer will be I don't think should be up to an entity to identify I think it should be a collective effort but it's necessary that people have the knowledge available to them to make informed choices I think too to add to what Rachel said we need to really this is going to be a difficult change no matter what going from fossil fuels we continue to rely on natural gas or fossil fuels for power generation transportation that's the easy solution I think we've really got to stretch and push our leadership nationally and locally to help facilitate that change and help lead that transformation we really can't go backwards we've come so far the technologies there again it's about demonstrating the leadership at all levels then our schools and then the community leadership at the national level we've got to press forward so let me pull up a little further too is the technology really there are we really ready to make those changes I mean do you really feel like like hydrogen is there we can put it in people's stoves and water heaters and things that propane or other natural gas products are used for now you know in President Kennedy at the beginning of the in the 1960s he said we're going to go to the moon by the end of the decade I don't think he had any idea what the spaceships would look like what the program is going to look like but we knew the technology was there and the work that was being developed that's the same mindset I think we have to have now I think you're right I think you're really really right on and we had some great meetings this week with the folks in the military side out at Hickam with the prize conference that was put on by Paycom and we learned a lot out there too and I think the technology is there an interesting thing we saw at the conference where we heard was the technology advisors to the major commands were there and the Navy SEAL that was there advising the special ops community he pointed out too that lithium batteries are great they are, they're great, they're light they can do everything but there's one big problem you can't put them on a ship you can't put them on a submarine because lithium is considered a hazardous material when you ship it or move it and the Navy and the military in general have really tight protocols on making sure things pass certain wickets before you put them in a multi-billion dollar ship or on a multi-multi-million aircraft so you have to look at the technologies and see not only that it's new and it's great and it's current, you know, we can do it but does it fit? So is that part there? Are we really ready to shift to a new gas and a new way of storing electricity and when hydrogen are we ready for that? I'd say that we're on the cusp of shifting but I mean, so change can happen in a number of ways, primarily can happen because you push the change and then catastrophe will force you to change so it would be preferred if we didn't wait for the catastrophe that we press ahead with the knowledge that we have but certainly those regulations aren't fully in place it's not standard across the board for how we implement use of these different technologies and helping people understand how to mitigate the, I mean health and safety concerns of using different materials in different ways and things are not fully vetted but if we wait for a catastrophe to happen and then try to figure it out it's not to say that it will be any safer at that time so I think of flexing your muscles and building them and you don't get bigger muscles if you don't flex them a bit so you know as we have these technologies we have to use them we have to push it to their limit and they should fail and we should learn from those failures and fail forward. And the irony that hit me when the seal was talking about the batteries on the submarine was the fact that the submarines have electrolyzers in them not to make hydrogen they get rid of the hydrogen they're making oxygen for the crew of the submarine using an electrolyzer and they've been doing it for decades so that system has already proven technology on a ship where they have really tight stringent controls and yet they could be saving the hydrogen and putting it in like hydride storage so I think that capacity instead of batteries for their seals so in the discussions we had this past week it's actually been all of the technologies all around us and sometimes you got to cross over and talk to people about well this guy uses electrolysis for oxygen he never thought of using hydrogen in his batteries for energy storage as energy storage and it's something that's unnatural for submarines so you're right I think we have the technology here's the big question and I want you to predict we got fossil fuels that are good for a long time yet we're not going to run out like this week or this month but how far ahead do we have to start to make sure we have that next generation of energy ready to go I mean do we really need a long head start like decades or you know how fast when President Kennedy said we're going to go to the moon in a decade how fast is fast enough or realistic to make the change change has to be done in big increments incremental change usually doesn't succeed in whether it's a sports team or business or whatever entity it's got to be it can't be incremental or you fall backwards so I think we've got to start now continue on that path we have the technology again we've certainly got the leadership and the infrastructure and capable assets throughout the United States to implement things and yeah let's start now why you Rachel go big or go home that's good do it now and I would only say we just got to pace ourselves because you know we do have to think about jobs and keeping people employed if you if you went to all micro grids and lost the grid all those linemen are out of jobs I mean you have to think of how you're going to transition people's careers and things as we make these changes so anyway we covered a lot we hope we had a good discussion will help you think about what to think about with climate change and energy security in the United States and hopefully that'll make your decision on politics a little easier this year so until next week when I'll be talking to the guy who runs Proton on site one of the manufacturers of hydrogen hydrolysis equipment we'll see you then on Stan Henry man along