Aloha and welcome to Cooper Union what's happening with human rights around the world and today we're in Washington DC it's fossil fuel free future we're honoring indigenous peoples and mother earth and right now thousands of people are in DC at the people versus fossil fuels indigenous led action and it's a whole week of action in DC and the main thing is fossil free futures exploring what's being planned by NGOs committed to renewable energy and regenerative governance honoring indigenous peoples on the front line and demanding new directions for our democracy very very excited to welcome event event why did you what's going on in Washington DC this week we have organizers throughout our nation who are coming together and demanding answers from this administration where the promise is the focus was environmental justice on his platform the we jack the the White House Environmental Justice Council was created so where's the action to follow all of the structure where the results for for communities on the fence line like ours and what is the remedy really good and of course we know yesterday that President Biden did sign into law indigenous peoples day and we know that's important but i think what you're calling for is where is the action looking at things such as stop number three go ahead John maybe you can share sure well where we are right now is i'm basically on the Gulf Coast there and the problem that we're having is that the gas is being tracked in those native lands and those other areas are being shipped to the Gulf Coast for export and we say that if you're going to build back fossil free you cannot continue to expand having more export facilities more refining capacity and more LNGs so we're here to protest that to ask President Biden to be as good as his word he said he was going to be the environmental president and we expect that he do those things so he wants us to build back fossil free build back better well then let's do it let's put some action behind those words those are really good points and there is a lot of peaceful and prayerful participants in DC they're sharing their commitment to non-violence civil disobedience and new energy models for our nation going forward and this week of action DC is building the national consensus going forward to the UNF triple C conference of parties 26 in Glasgow if we look at indigenous rights and that was a really important point that you brought up we have so much work that we need to do a vet would you like to say why you came from Texas and what are some of the issues that are facing the community where you're from? Of course being from the Gulf Coast and Houston Texas we share borders with Louisiana what we've seen the administration and the Department of Energy due to our region is release 1.5 million barrels of oil from the strategic oil reserves is move forward on desalination projects for the sake of petrochemical refining and production we see the expansion of export terminals so if we're really trying to reach a goal in stopping the climate crisis as the COP requires by you know over a hundred different nations what is our nation what is the US doing in order to curb the climate crisis and because this year it's so important to to really address the finance part to to address the fact how are we giving security to nations that are falling because of sea level rise how many displaced people from island nations are going through this so where does the US stand are we going to keep on on a path by releasing strategic oil reserves by building expansions to fossil fuel projects by continuing fracking and increasing the rig count every single year or is this president going to finally declare a climate emergency which is what we're all here to ask for we need this administration to declare a climate emergency which is something Biden can do on his own oh it's really good and indigenous peoples have really led the resistance to get center colonialism and this new climate colonialism and we know there are over a thousand separate indigenous nations and pop and populating the land before each with their own unique culture language and traditions and one of the sad parts is with the climate crisis as you raise up the situation example of what's going on inside small island states or we call them large ocean nations such as Tuvalu and Marshall Islands this is once again really another wave of colonization really destroying their basic human rights and dignity back to Susan who's on the front line now the police station Susan can you say what's going on this week we know it was led by indigenous water protectors activists and tribal leaders from across the country and hundreds and thousands people joined the first day what's going on today right well yesterday was indigenous people's day so that was centered and today it's um that fossil fuels are fueling the climate climate crisis crisis now I was carrying a banner that said said stop fueling the fire so it makes the point that the fossil fuels that we're burning are the main source of climate change and that is right up my alley thank you so much John do you share a bit about why you came to dc this week and what you're able to see and what's going on back home sure I came here because I like to say that Port Arthur Texas is at the forefront of climate change we're subject to those hurricanes everyone hears about that are in the Gulf and the Caribbean we've had five major hurricanes the last 15 years the largest flooding event in the history of this country 60.58 centuries happened in Port Arthur's immediate vicinity so we see this every day and then we have air quality issues and pollution issues and those air quality and pollution issues have caused a drastic change in the health of people matter of fact Port Arthur is twice the state and national average for cancer heart lung and kidney disease all of these things have contributed to a situation where we believe that it is imperative that the president call this a climate emergency we can't continue to go this way and as you spoke about the indigenous peoples what has happened to them and their area is simply a matter of genocide it's simply a matter of the promises that were made to share the wealth you took the wealth right from beneath their feet in their lands and you impoverished them and you oppressed them and that oppression goes on in communities of color all across the country like mine so we want to be here I'm here to emphasize that point and to drive home the point that we must build back Port Arthur free that he has to declare a climate emergency and that we have to move in a new cleaner resilient different direction with this so that there's fairness equity and justice for all really appreciate your points John and we also know also in st. james parish the risk for cancer is almost 50 times the national average and what you described and what's going on there definitely illustrates the environmental racism that still haunts this country and we look at as you brought up most recently about indigenous if you're looking at line three that tar sand pipeline that's in direct violation going back as you pointed to treaty rights but also to the pledges and promises that were made when running to seek the presidency event right what do you think we should do next to then demand a new direction for this nation we need to as a nation join back the UN FCCC we need to make sure that this administration declares a climate crisis we need to respect treaties that have been set forth and we need policies to protect island nations that are going through sea level rise and climate disasters being from Houston and the Gulf Coast we are all very familiar with hurricanes increased storms rain dumps what's going on at our borders with you know so many climate refugees because that's what we have we have climate refugees who no longer have a place to call home because we have fully developed nations with more than enough resources consuming more of the resources that are still in the earth continuing to extract and pollute and kill our communities at the fence line but also not trying to address what is the financial safety net what are those migration policies we need to have intact do we need to join the climate accords yes we do and do we need to defund fossil fuel industries by removing subsidies and redirecting them to communities in order to invest in a future when he jogs economic stability in a safe environment and we can do that now is the time that is what building back better and this entire week is about this is why it was led by an indigenous resistance and why communities like in corpus christi with an indigenous people of the coastal bend are continuing to fight conglomerates like exxon mobile chevron shell why we're fighting lined elba cell dow chemical uh velero refining the number of refineries and petrochemical facilities is countless so what we need to do is start removing those safety nets implementing them into cleaner energy sources so that our communities can transition those jobs over to renewable sustainable jobs we do offshore drilling we can do offshore wind we have so many super fund contaminated sites that are pleading to be solar fields can we do it yes we can and we're here to show solidarity across the nation putting our bodies and our health at risk during a global pandemic because we are suffocating in our environments and we're trapped in our homes and it's making the toxics in our communities more susceptible to our bodies that's why we're here dc quota exactly and that was so important i love how you connected our domestic policies here at home and then connecting to the foreign and that's what really creates the global crisis we are forgetting that we're all on one blue planet and when we look at the people coming from the south it's because the climate crisis that john also shared as well it's not something in the future today it's to value we used to say tomorrow it's you but now it's so many people and it's texas today and that's why you're coming to show and to share what's going on so if we have better domestic policies that actually do not fuel the climate crisis then there would be fewer people coming the whole aspect people don't understand is also place-based indigenous peoples love their sacred homeland would never want to leave but it's because of the climate crisis that then they're forced to try to find and survive and to even thrive and so you really did bring that home susan would you like to share some aspect of what you've seen this week and why it's so important to be there in person at the people versus fossil fuels rally i just love that this movement has been indigenous but i'm going to walk around because other people are talking i'm in front of the park police station where people are getting their tickets processed really getting arrested here in bc is uh one of the least uh life-wrecking places you could go and get arrested but um if juan monseo's for the crisa comacrido tribe are here and i hope he does show up later he's fighting that fight all along the border i spent the first half of my childhood uh in brown spill from when i was an infant to around seven and so i fell in love with padre island and boca chica beach on the coast there at the very tip of texas and these places are being ravaged they're being industrialized they want to put in too many all these uh liquid natural gas plants for export and you name it not to me even mentioned spacex and it's the place where i grew up with in that very multicultural space of brown spill at the border and our family loved it and so it breaks my heart to see people from mexico and farther south driven by the climate crisis um suffering at the border and suffering to try to get into this country thank you so much it all goes together into one thing that i must resist it on many levels and i'm willing to come here and be let away and ticket just ticket it basically is what it amounts to thank you john continue the conversation can you share a bit yes uh once again i'm here to bring home the point of what's happening on the gulf coast in port art particular but also to show just as you said that it affects other communities across the country and that we expect the biden administration to keep its word i think the biggest issue we have right here now is america's own hypocrisy america's own inability to see beyond profits and start looking at people uh there's an old indian saying that when you lose the land when you lose that that's the end of life there's no more life and we talk about the waterkeepers and others and we have to have water and land to sustain life but if we destroy the very thing that is the basic fabric of life then there will be no more people there will be no place for man here and this is the only earth we have so we're here to send a message to the administration to the president and to others that we expect you to be true to your word to do the things that you said you're going to do to make a difference so that we have a future and six generations after us have a future that's viable that's equitable that's safe and clean excellent points because we do look at equality at equity and ecology and what all of you are really bringing together is that broader picture so it's building back better but in beauty and in balance and including the indigenous cosmology and worldview that have been ignored since colonization so as it's indigenous peoples day it's very important as susan said that's indigenous led and it's pulling all the pieces together that have been ignored for too long and john you really did summarize so succinctly what many people forget but maybe also in this time of covid people understand you do need water you do need land and just last week at the un human rights council there were two landmark decisions made in geneva one was the right to a clean healthy and sustainable environment was globally recognized and that was very significant but also a brand new special repertoire on climate change and human rights you think these actions and other actions taking place in september and october will be enough to then change it not break down as a country or a world but break through to a new future with what's going to happen in glasco next month event one thing we have to understand is that countries participating at the cop have the ability to that and in a time when vaccinations are rare and scarce so as global north communities we have a privilege of vaccination access to medical attention resources not every country does especially indigenous nations we've seen how this pandemic has ravaged communities not only in the us but in indonesia we've seen it in africa so one thing to remain considered of is that there is a solidarity movement that so many countries will not participate because they do not have access and so while countries like the west maintain space we need to keep the fact that climate change will there ravage the most vulnerable the least resourced communities of color throughout our entire country and so that's something to keep in mind as the glasco conversations continue also to hold our countries accountable because it's not just a matter of signing a piece of paper into law or making agreements with other countries but stations and environments like the cop have a lot of corporate influence tied into it so how will our global leaders respond in this time to false solutions like carbon capture like nuclear waste that other countries have already faced will we go towards false solutions or will we go towards a more attainable natural solution when it comes to climate change clean energy without all of the backlash without the human crime that's caused following it really good points you're talking about a decolonization but also a decarbonization event if we might continue just a little bit in the last element you shared so much about the future that already is here and the clean solutions that exist could you maybe share a little bit more how we could transform texas but also transform our world with these alternative renewable energies which are also even affordable and it's no longer one of these aspects as john brought up of choosing profit over people we can choose planet and people and everyone could have renewable clean energy you're done of course you know we have so many legacy contaminated sites not only in our country but around the world and one positive feature of lethal in texas is that beginning in 2022 at least in houston a former incinerator landfill site in houston will be converted to a solar farm because there is no no human contact can sustainably live on that contaminated land but it will be used for renewable energy states like texas lead our country when it comes to wind energy and we saw how valuable that was during the february freeze that texas faced that killed crops farmland devastated our communities froze our population stiff and this is the the path we need to go towards we need to go towards what is that's a sustainable future texas's energy grid can't stay isolated from the rest of the nations we can be promoters of wind energy on our offshore platforms and decommission those rigs and make sure that we're not just capping something that can leak in the future but really remove and restore our lands because restoration and remedy are necessary we can't just plan forward without looking back that's really excellent because it also brings up to you and guiding principles on business and human rights that are celebrating a decade of existence and remedy is that third piece so it's really important that we look at that susan what do you see as well as the future for texas with regenerative energy and and also forming a more clean future well it's tough we are a state full of sunshine a small corner of it could power the whole country we're very blessed with wind energy we have a natural system that could power all of texas because we can get wind energy from west texas we can get wind energy from the coastline during that time of day when it's needed in the grid to distribute the power so we're very blessed a little bit of connection to other grids would help but uh but we have to fight a system that's very skewed towards the also fuel interests that own the capital building and everybody in it that basically uh you know we're the sort we have in our state and also uh lapping over into mexico the permean basin which is one of the world's greatest uh oil reserves so there's a great deal of wealth to be had there and we have the texas coastline with many ports and that's why they're building out there as best as they can and the pipelines all across texas which are carrying up you know uh if honor here he talked about all the burial sites and native uh sites that they're aware of all over texas that are being destroyed and you get that out there and you get it exported and it makes the rich people richer it's not about energy independence and we um us allies here in austin are trying to do what we can at the capital but we need a transformation because the regulatory agencies in texas just wherever stamp everything so that's why we're here talking to biden because he can overrule what's happening in texas there's no friction from where the oil is to where the coast is except from the federal government and we need that from biden thank you so much for connecting all the dots and the important aspect also of our democracy that this is really also when we vote and when we share our voice that represents our values and also the vision of what we desire for this country but for the world john would you like to build on that yes i would and you're exactly right with the stroke of his pen with an executive order that he would sign biden could change the course of history america loves to talk about being a leader but to lead you actually have to do the hard work the hard things i think president kennedy once said we don't do these things because they're easy we do them because they are hard because they are the right things to do and we're faced at a critical juncture in history whether we're going to continue to do things that are going to destroy the very earth we do which we all live and depend on or whether we're going to seek a different path and a different and better way and it's going to be incumbent upon each and every one of us to support those kinds of efforts to uplift each other uplift our voices and move this country forward and push our president we have to get behind him and push him uh i think it was something that was dr king was doing once and uh he went to speak to one of the presidents and that president told him he said you basically have to make me do this to sign to do the civil rights bill so what he did and he left out of the office he was in there so so not very long they said well what did you say he said what are we going to do is if we're going to go home we're going to push and that's what we have to do we have to push in every way and always possible at the ballot box in our neighborhoods in our communities collectively and individually if we want to see change we have to be the change we seek and that's where a better world begins with each and every one of us so we're going to have to roll up our sleeves and go to work and i'm eager to do so and this is prime opportunity to talk and share with others and encourage each other and move forward in that progression to build back fossil free and to change this thing from being money and politics over people it's the people versus fossil fuels and the people are going to win we have the power to do it excellent and push i just thought about could actually stand for planet unity sustainability and human rights so we will pull all those forces together moving forward and we have a couple more minutes on in our final aspect see that what's the goal for glasco as we're on that human rights road to glasco do you think we will make it and what will the actions this week do to make sure that it is a possibility to protect our planet glascal this year will be all about building back better will be about how can we talk about transportation jobs the economy and the environment and maintaining a sustainable lens through that entire process our goal in glascal is going to be to uplift the global south and nations that are scarce with covid vaccinations and make sure that they have access to not only vaccines but have access to resources to deal with the climate crisis because we cannot forget that just because we're here as a collective unit we're not going to stop the inevitable and the inevitable is extreme temperatures is extreme weather and so we need to make sure that those safety nets are in place i believe we have a strong chance to show unity people power and put ourselves in the line of fire once again to continue those conversations because having a global conversation is necessary to address a global issue like the climate crisis thank you so much john any closing words looking towards glasco yes glasco is going to be a signature moment not only for the world before this country we're going to have to decide and make the decision of where we're going to go from here are we going to continue to expand the petrochemical industry or are we going to look toward a cleaner brighter renewable and a just future for all so glasco in my view is going to be the tipping point and america has to step up to the plate and do what's necessary to be the leader it claims to be to take the measures that he claims it's going to take and that biden has to be true to his word he has to not just do it in word but indeed he has to do it here at home and if he does it here at home it will encourage other nations to do the same so i'm looking forward to glasco very much as being a signature moment in history and how we're going to address climate change and the future of this world thank you so much all of you for taking time out from the people versus fossil fuel week of action in washington dc we hope you have a safe return home to texas and look forward to continue through glasco and going forward mahalo mahalo here make a point mahalo


Hi, Psych2Goers. Welcome back to another video. Are you feeling stuck in your life right now? Maybe you realized you were holding yourself back from your goals and happiness. Or maybe you realized that you need to put to rest some bad habits and want to move forward with your life. To help you shake things up a little and help you start moving forward, here are six lies you need to stop telling yourself. Number one, you don't have enough to be happy yet. How often do you get stuck thinking about the things you could have gotten, but didn't? Whether it was a job promotion, a new car, a new house, thinking about the what-ifs in life can make it hard to see the bigger picture. When you think this way, your focus becomes more so on what you don't have, versus what you do have. Are you obsessing over things you don't have? Do you feel distracted from your current present?  If this sounds like you, it's time to make a conscious effort to focus and be more mindful of what you do have. Maybe you don't have the newest, fastest car, but you do have a car that runs pretty good. It's reliable and it gets you where you need to be. Or maybe you haven't been able to move into your dream home yet, but you do have a nice enough roof over your head that's comfortable and warm. When you shift your mindset onto what you do have, it helps lower that frenzied sense of distraction, while also helping you stay positive about your life and where it's headed. Number two, you're not good enough. When you think back, has there been anything you haven't been able to accomplish or achieve, simply because you weren't confident enough in your abilities? Was it that you didn't try out for the team or the school play?  When you have low self-esteem, your self-worth is minimized, and thinking that you aren't good enough can negatively impact your performance. You might even get to a point where you feel like trying to do anything is a waste of time. To help combat this issue with your self-esteem, make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. You can figure out ways to refine and embellish your stronger traits, while realizing that your weaker traits don't always have to be on display, and that they're also a part of who you are as a whole. You can grow in confidence and shine your light for all to see when you put this into practice. Number three, you don't have the willpower. Have you ever looked up to successful people and noted their habits and thought to yourself, I don't think I have the willpower to do that. You might be using this thought process as an excuse to give into certain pressures more easily. For example, if you think that waking up early would be a good idea, but you use lack of willpower as an excuse to sleep in instead, you're preventing yourself from forming a healthy habit. Making certain changes in life can be hard, whether they're big or small changes, but once you start, your sense of will, strength and integrity will grow. What you need to do is set yourself for success by making some changes in your environment. If you want to get up early, make sure that you have enough time at night to wind down. Reducing the time spent on your electronic devices right before bedtime will help you go to bed earlier and you'll wake up feeling more rested. So while it doesn't seem like much, making these small changes in your environment will set you up for success. Number four, it's too late for you. Have you ever felt discouraged thinking that it's too late? Do you refrain from changing jobs or from finding a lasting romantic partner because you feel like time has passed you by? The truth is, it's never too late for you. You might be letting societal expectations guide your timeline, such as giving into the pressure to go to college right after high school and feeling like you have to obtain your bachelor's degree by age 25. However, remember that you are your own person and you're allowed to follow your own path at your own pace. Some people graduate from college in their 60s. Some of the richest people in the world only found success when they were in their 40s or 50s. Don't feel the need to restrain yourself with arbitrary timelines. You can accomplish things at your own pace. Number five, anything that's not perfect has to be a failure.  When you're constantly striving for perfection, you might be setting the bar too high for yourself. We are all flawed. And if you try to ignore or stamp out those flaws, you'll only wind up hurting yourself.  Choose to go forth and give it your all instead. Remember, you'll always miss 100% of the shots you don't take. Then number six, you can change people. Do you think you have the inherent power to change others? Do you get into a relationship with a new partner, with the hope or desire to change or fix them for the better? If there's something you don't like about someone, it's better to learn to accept them as they are. You can waste a lot of time and effort trying to change others, when they won't make that change unless they have a true desire to change first. Be careful who you give your time and your heart to.  Do any of these lies sound familiar to you? Which lie do you tell yourself and how do you plan to change that? Let us know in the comments below. Please like and share this video if it helped you and you think it could help someone else too. The studies and references used in this video are listed in the description below. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button for more Psych2Go videos and thank you for watching. We'll see you next time.


When it's really at me, I put on this YouTube channel and it was, um, medieval construction sounds. I swear to God. And I'm on this coach behind me, right? And it's medieval construction sounds of just hammers and nails and, and the sound of like police and ropes. And that's what works for me at those, in those moments. And I wonder what works for you. I wonder what you can change in your environment to bring you and invite you to slow down.


So good morning again so we will continue on the aspect of derivation of the continuity momentum and the energy equation the governing equations by means of another approach where you are completely working with the arbitrary shape control volume which is not fixed to any coordinate system okay and this is a very interesting approach so here what we do is we consider a control mass essentially a system that means the you are considering fixed packet of fluid with a given mass and tracking it with respect to time so if you assume that there is a fixed mass of fluid with the volume V at a time T and then after some time T plus ? T you see the volume changes but the mass content is the same and if you define any property ? as the property per say unit volume and this property is supposed to be a function of time okay so this is the traditional Lagrangian approach so where you just the observer travels along with the frame of reference of moving frame of reference of the packet of fluid so and then therefore the property changes are all happening over time right rather than the Eulerian approach where the observer is stationary the control volume is stationary and then the fluid crosses the control volume boundaries and there is a corresponding change of mass flux quantities of this particular property okay so that is a different frame of reference so now so this Lagrangian frame of reference can be used to calculate what is the rate of change of this particular property with respect to time okay so now for that we have taken a small differential volume ? V corresponding to this time T and seeing how it evolves over time okay the same differential volume what happens at time T plus ? T so if you overlap these two control volumes essentially you see that this ? V has probably grown to this size you know ? V at T plus ? T okay so therefore what we can do is we can calculate the change ? V at T plus ? T minus ? V at T from the velocity vector basically if you take this particular differential volume so this is ? V T and this entire thing is ? V T plus ? T so this change is basically the volume of this element that I have drawn here okay so therefore if this surface is actually sweeping a distance of U U vector dotted with the normal okay so that much displacement is happening to that the differential surface element at time T and it is sweeping that much of distance so that should be equal to this difference change in the differential volume okay so this is nothing but your U dot n ? T ? S right so this is this is just how we are representing the change in the volume if you want to calculate from the Eulerian point of view what is the rate of change of this property with respect to time okay from from the control mass system so the mass does not change so you are just tracking these property change with respect to time so this is a total derivative okay this single total derivative okay so that you have to say suppose you have a particular value of a for this differential volume so you will have different values of a or differential different differential elements and you have to integrate all of them okay that will give you the total property of that particular control volume okay so and you want to calculate the rate of change of this particular property now this can be written as as your limit ? T goes to 0 you can split it up into the property at T ? T okay minus the property at time T okay so these are the two integrals that you see here and what I am going to do a little bit of mathematical jugglery I am just adding and subtracting this particular term right here so this is integral at V of T ? T ? T DV so I am just subtracting and adding the same term here so now if you look at this particular term okay so this is nothing but you are you are keeping the integral in integrand the same okay and you are changing the volume okay we at V of T ? T minus V at T so essentially that is like you are keeping the integrand same and you are integrating with respect to a change in the differential volume so which is nothing but this particular term right there okay so this can be combined together and we can write this as a T ? T DV where your V changes from T ? T to the earlier volume at T okay so that can be replaced by this particular term right here and this term that you see so in this case you are keeping the volume fixed okay so this volume is at time T and the integrand is changing okay from a T plus ? T okay minus a T okay so this describes what is happening to the change in the property from time T to T plus ? T for the same control volume okay so this is nothing but the oil area derivative okay now what you are essentially doing is you are changing the frame of reference from a moving frame to a stationary frame okay so left hand side is the moving frame of reference where you are tracking a control mass with a fixed amount of mass and you are tracking the evolution of the property with respect to time and when you go to a stationary frame of reference so that should involve partial derivative with respect to time that is changing change of property with respect to time for fixed control volume so that is you are converting a control mass to a control volume okay plus now once you convert that to a control volume there should be some flux of these property which is crossing the control volume boundaries so that should come in terms of this so we will see how it comes okay so in the next step I am just going to replace this particular terms right here okay so this will give me D by DT V of T ? T DV should be equal to limit going to 0 I am saying a T plus ? T and this is nothing but your change in the volume from V T to V T plus ? T and that I am going to replace by U dot n vector into DT DS alright so the DT DT cancels there so this will be U dot n vector DS so you are converting the volume integral to a surface integral okay so this also will be corresponding to the surface time T okay plus the other term right here is nothing but the rate of change of this property for the same volume with respect to time so this is the partial derivative integral V of T this is D a by DT into DV okay so is it clear because this is for the control mass or the system which is which is a essentially closed system so it does not allow any mass transfer so essentially the property can change only with respect to time spatially it cannot change yes but this is with the reference frame where you are moving along with the particle so if you convert that to a stationary reference frame that will have that spatial derivative so that is what essentially the Reynolds transport theorem does this is a it essentially transforms it gives you a relationship to transform a control mass to a control volume okay so if you know that I think after that working out for a control mass will be very straight forward because if you write the energy conservation for control mass you do not have things like if flex right because it is impervious to mass okay so much it is much easier to write the conservation for a closed system rather than the open system and all you need to do is the link between the total derivative and the partial derivative so that you just substitute and then you will bingo finally you reach the conservation equation we have derived earlier which is for a control volume okay so very shortly we will see that you know but this is just a routine way of you know substituting now we are looking at two terms here one we are fixing the integrand and changing the volume okay so that is being substituted by this particular term here okay and the other we are basically fixing the volume B of T and trying to track the change with respect to time so that is the partial derivative with respect to time okay so now we can apply Gauss divergence theorem you all know that the surface integral can be converted to a volume integral okay so how this can be done so this can be integrated over volume then if I apply last divergence theorem to this divergence of this particular term that is del dot okay you have your alpha then u vector and integrated over the volume okay so therefore I am just I am just going to replace these terms in terms of the divergence operator and this becomes d by dt of V alpha d V should be equal to integral so the entire right hand side is having a common integral with respect to volume T so this can be d alpha by dt plus del dot alpha u vector and this is all integrated over the differential volume d V okay so this essentially is the Reynolds transport theorem I will call this as 1 okay so this is the Reynolds transport theorem which says that you are converting some property variation from a control mass which is a closed system to a control volume which is a open system so it is nothing but you are converting a total derivative writing a total derivative in terms of partial derivatives okay with respect to control mass it is only a function of time therefore it is one derivative single derivative and with respect to the control volume you have property which is varying with respect to time and space therefore you have partial derivatives as simple as that okay so this this can also be written in a tensor notation okay so this is a general notation also in tensor form I think many of you have learnt tensors in your incompressible flows so I am just going to use some notation here so the left hand side term stays the same alpha d V should be equal to d alpha by dt plus d by dx so I am going to use the subscript K to denote the divergence here okay so this should be again alpha u K okay in fact I can remove the vector so this itself means d V okay so this is in a tensor representation okay so this here right here means that you are basically going K is equal to 1 2 3 and you are summing it up I hope all of you can remember your tensor notations okay K equal to 1 becomes dx okay similarly here du by dx K equal to 2 becomes this d V by dy so you can keep changing this particular thing with respect to whatever suppose you write your x momentum so you can write your momentum in the x direction and keep this as 1 and we will see what is this alpha there similarly in terms of energy so you have to define alpha and then the index also will keep changing according okay so this is your theorem we will apply this to derive the conservation principle number 1 conservation of mass okay so when you talk about conservation of mass so what should be your property alpha should be alpha we are defining property per unit volume that you conservation of mass so this is mass per unit volume right so your alpha should be rho so simply replace your alpha by rho so what it essentially states what your conservation of mass says if you have a closed system there is no mass entering and mass leaving because this is a closed system so that is the advantage of using Reynolds transport theorem you do not have to consider any flux of mass okay so all you are bothered about is this total derivative so what it says your d by dt integral over V your rho d V should be this is the mass the total mass 0 right because as I said this is a control mass so the mass cannot change with time okay so this is 0 so now what you know is this this is the fundamental starting point for a closed system so now you also know from the Reynolds transport theorem the link between the total derivative and the partial derivative okay so now you can write from a control mass to a control volume the same expression okay so that that will say that this is equal to V of t okay d rho by dt plus del dot rho u d V equal to what 0 from the Reynolds transport theorem okay so now for this two condition to be valid the integrand has to be 0 correct so therefore this gives you your continuity equation okay so in a coordinate free representation so momentum I think you can do it yourself you have to just apply the Newtonian law okay for start with the closed system apply the Newton second law for the closed system and then you can link the total derivative with respect to the partial derivatives okay so I am going to do that for energy equation so you can probably apply the same principle for the momentum equation also okay now what I am going to do is for this particular case I am going to consider the corresponding transport or maybe the different forms of energy which are acting on this control volume right so one component which I will combine together the body force and the viscous forces together I will say that they are acting in some direction okay let me call this is some P vector okay this does not mean pressure here it has all the components of viscous and pressure and body viscous body and pressure forces okay in one single component I am showing all these subcomponents are included under that P vector okay so naturally what will be the work if you have a P vector acting on this differential volume and you have velocity vector in this direction so the work will be P dot u vector okay so the corresponding displacement that is along this the particular velocity vector direction should give me the work okay so apart from that I can also have heat transfer okay and I can just say I have some heat transfer like these q vector okay so now I cannot do this in any coordinate system it is arbitrary in any direction so I am just using the vector notation and I am going to substitute there okay so this is your heat transfer rate okay in fact I can I can use the heat flux here right here okay q double prime vector heat flux okay so you have some internal energy for this particular system you have this is a control mass so essentially what is happening you are not considering any flux of energy okay it is close to mass but it allows work and energy transfer to happen therefore you are considering a component of work that is P dotted with u vector and heat transfer so now we can write the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system okay now first we will define what is the alpha here you have to tell me property alpha for when you consider energy so you have components of internal energy and kinetic energy right per unit volume okay so you have u plus u square okay in fact I can write this as some magnitude of u vector square okay so I am just expanding it in the conventional Cartesian coordinate system okay just for your convenience and so what else is this correct this is per unit mass okay but I need property per unit volume divide by density multiply by density right that is it okay so this is my alpha now I will write the conservation for energy to this particular closed system and that should give me what d by dt I can integrate this alpha that is rho into so in fact I am going to use a coordinate free a presentation here so I will write this as half of u vector dotted with u vector right that is the same u square plus v square plus w square if you write it in a Cartesian coordinate system so I am just going to write this as plus u plus half you dotted with you dv this is my left hand side term for a control mass I am writing the first law of thermodynamics so that should be equal to the work okay and the contribution of work and heat okay only this this can contribute to the change of energy of this particular system I am now going to split into two components so I am saying that this P has components of viscous and pressure I can also have components of gravity which I will say it is acting in some direction like this okay so therefore this is the gravity contribution I am separating that from the viscous and pressure contributions so I will write those contributions separately so as far as the work done by the pressure for the the pressure and the viscous forces are concerned so it should be u dotted with P and they are acting on the surfaces so it should be integrated over the surface so this is one contribution the other is coming from the gravity so that is u dotted with rho g and this is a body force right this is acting on the entire volume so this should be a volumetric integral so what is the final contribution we have the work and energy heat okay the heat will be Q dotted with the normal and once again it is a surface integral right now what should be the magnitude of this should it be what should what should be the sign of this plus or minus okay so in fact I should give it correct representation here so in my thermodynamic definition the heat transfer to a system is positive therefore I will not denote that my heat flux is actually entering particular so therefore Q dotted with n will be negative so I have to put a negative sign here to make sure that this convention is the positive heat transfer all right so according to this this is opposite to the normal okay so this is the positive definition of heat that is added to a system this has to be negative so that is it so once you have written this for this particular control volume control mass so okay so this is for a control mass okay this is the first law for closed system all of you agree there are no flux terms so this is very straightforward to write than for an open system now you know directly the Reynolds transport theorem which links the closed system to a control volume so just replace the left hand side with the partial derivative terms okay and therefore you will finally have your conservation of energy for an open system okay so if you do that so I will just erase this so this will on the left hand side I am going to replace that with the Reynolds transport theorem formulation I have V D by DT of this particular row into U plus half U dot U okay the entire thing okay anyway plus I have I can use the tensor notation rather than using the divergence notation here D by DXK I am going to use this particular notation into row U plus half U dotted with U okay multiplied by what UK okay the entire term DV okay so I am replacing this control mass derivative with a control volume derivative that should be equal to D by DXK okay so this should be just as it is integral S U dot P DS plus integral U dot OG DV minus integral Q dot N DS okay where my P vector here is nothing but the viscous stresses okay so that is SIGMA IJ into N vector okay so this is my compact notation for these viscous forces which are acting on this particular control volume so is it clear so only the left hand side I am writing in terms of the Reynolds transport theorem control volume derivatives so now you can apply the Gauss divergence theorem you can also express this and this and write this in terms of volume derivatives okay so therefore I can say my integral U dot P DS will become integral D by DX I UJ SIGMA IJ DV and integral Q dot N DS will be integral over volume del QJ by del XJ into DV okay so you please understand the tensor notation here so in this case you simply say DQX by DX plus DQY by DY plus DQZ by DZ okay here this is the this is a tensor okay SIGMA this is a stress tensor okay you have all the nine components so you have to go one by one so you start with say I equal to one J equal to one and then I equal to one J equal to two so and you keep expanding this okay so this is a very compact way of writing all those terms okay you can go back and check with your Cartesian coordinate system okay whether this makes sense okay so I am just going to write this in terms of volume derivatives and therefore if I put them together I can say the integrand should be 0 because I can collect all the terms which have volume integral okay on the left hand side and that will be equal to 0 and therefore the integrand has to be 0 therefore the integrand becomes D by DT of my row U plus half UJ UJ so which is the compact notation again plus D by DXK row U plus half UJ UJ UK okay so now you see if you are going from K equal to 1 2 3 so you are adding all the spatial derivative terms with respect to X Y and Z in Cartesian coordinate system okay and for each of this you are you are saying this is U square plus V square plus W square so you have two two notations here one for J one for K they are independent okay so this J will go within within the K K loop alright so then you have to expand that for the different coordinate systems K equal to 1 2 and 3 so on the right hand side you have UJ okay so this should be D by DXI into UJ sigma IJ plus UJ into row GJ this is the body force term minus you have DQJ by DXJ alright so this is your energy equation now this has to be closed and one more thing we can do is this has all these complex terms which we can probably simplify once again we can write the mechanical energy equation in a tensorial form and we can subtract that from this okay so the mechanical energy equation if you multiply your momentum equation by the velocity terms okay and some all the three momentum equations so your mechanical energy equation in the tensorial form can be written as D by DT row UJ UJ by 2 okay this is like row U square plus V square plus W square by 2 okay that is E plus you have D by DXK row UJ UJ by 2 UK so what you are doing is you are multiplying with UJ so that is for X momentum you have multiplication with you Y momentum V and that momentum W and this K is basically your spatial derivative the divergence operator essentially so you have UDU by DX plus VDU by DY so that that is taken care by this K so that K is different from this J okay that is that is equal to UJ D sigma IJ by DXI plus row UJ VJ so for a particular momentum X momentum you will have gravity in the X direction Y direction and so on okay so this also is the stress tensor J here indicates the direction along which that stress is acting so in the X direction you will have sigma XX and no Tau YX and so on and this is the since it is a tensor it has to be the gradient in that particular direction okay so for X direction you have D sigma XX by DX the Y direction you have D Tau YX by DY and so on okay so that is the compact way of representing that all those terms in the Cartesian system so now if you subtract let us call this as number we already use number one no okay somewhere we use before I think but let me redefine as number one and this is two and subtracting two from one so I will be left with an equation for only the internal energy so subtracting two from one I can say that I will get an equation like D by DT row U plus D by DX K so these two terms get cancelled off I will get another term here row U U K on the right hand side I will have sigma IJ because if you expand this this is sigma IJ into DUJ by DXI plus UJ into D sigma IJ by DXI so UJ into D sigma IJ this this when you subtract they are gone okay so you will have sigma IJ into DUJ by what DXI and the body force term gets cancelled off directly then you will have minus DQJ by DXJ all right so what I am going to do I am writing this term in terms of total derivative again which you are which you know is DU by DT and you know for incompressible fluid now I am going to bring in the relationship between the stress and strain rate so I can say sigma IJ equal to minus P so I am going to write this in terms of an tensorial notation and you will see that this is a very compact you do not have to write this for each and every component by DXJ plus DUJ by DXI does it make sense where ? is your chronicle ? so ? IJ will be equal to 1 if I equal to J equal to 0 if I is not equal to J right so what it means only for your normal stresses you have minus P the pressure forces come to balance the normal stresses whereas the tangential stresses do not have the pressure force to balance that so there they will disappear because this is your ? function okay so wherever you have normal for normal stresses only there the pressure stresses will be there otherwise it is 0 and this is a common representation okay so this will be said DU by DY if you suppose you have I equal to 1 J equal to 1 then this will be DU by DX plus DU by DX that is twice DU by DX okay if you are writing your tangential stresses so I equal to say 1 J equal to 2 so this will be DU by DY plus DV by DX which are the components under shear stresses okay so depending on the particular index I and J this can be written for all the components normal component or tangential components so very compact notation okay for those of you who have probably not known any of you not heard of tensorial notation okay so I think you may have to brush through any basic fluid mechanics book maybe usually in the appendix there is something on tensorial notation or you can just quickly read through tensors I mean it is very common sense you can see that from yourself you do not have to expand that you can substitute if it is 2 dimension I and J can maximum go to 2 if it is 3 dimension so you can just expand it in that manner and if you represent something like this that means this is a summation operation you do not just stop like this you have to expand it okay for different values of J and I that is what it means okay so therefore now if I substitute this you see how easy it reduces to the final form in the tensorial notation so this gives me rho DU by DT okay so this will be I am substituting for Sigma is J in terms of this so minus P into DU K or DU J by DX J plus D by DX J of so I am also using the Fourier's heat conduction law for Q and I am writing this in terms of the temperature gradient DX J okay plus you will have some other terms which form the viscous dissipation right here in fact this will be 0 by continuity right so what I am doing is I am clubbing all the pressure terms so if you write this this is P ? I J and this will be 1 only ? equal to J therefore if you are J and I are equal only that term will be there and when they are equal that is nothing but the continuity equation for incompressible flow okay so that will automatically be satisfied therefore you will have your total derivative that is equal to your your Laplacian operator right here plus your viscous dissipation term and for incompressible flows so this ? what I have written here you can see that for yourself will be new DU I by DX J plus DU J by DX I times what fill in the blanks what will be the multiplication factor here so I am just substituting this into this particular term okay the pressure term I have cancelled it DU J by DX I right okay now you can go back and check for your Cartesian system whether you will get all those terms you know you can start with say DU I equal to 1 J equal to 1 and you will get to DU by DX into DU by DX so that will be to DU by DX the whole square to new DU by DX the whole square and if you have plus then you have to expand in YZ directions you have other DV by DY plus DV by DY the whole square plus DW by DC the whole square plus now if you go to I equal to 1 J equal to 2 then you will get your other terms DU by DY plus DV by DX now this again has to be expanded for different values of J so again if you if you if you do that you will get DV by DX plus DU by DY the whole square okay which you have derived in the Cartesian coordinate system so this is a very very compact notation all right so now therefore that that is your final energy equation which you have you can write down in a coordinate free representation okay for a control volume so this is finally for a control volume okay so therefore I think this gives you a pretty good idea how the Reynolds analogy can be applied to derive the conservation equation so all the Reynolds analogy says is you can transform your variation with respect to a control mass to a control volume okay and you have to write down the conservation laws for a control mass which is much simpler and then you apply that relationship and then you write the final equation for a control volume okay and this is a completely coordinate free representation so any questions so what you have to do is go home and then check once whether all these tensor notations make sense to you and if you have any questions you can ask me okay so it takes some time for you to you know understand this completely but it is not that difficult either okay so working with tensors you do not make any mistake that is another advantage and finally it is up to you to expand that in whatever coordinate system that you are working okay so very quickly what I am going to do is another five minutes I am going to go over to the second law of thermodynamics because we have derived all our required conservation equations applying the first law for energy but we have to see something about more important fact which is entropy generation okay when you have heat transfer you have some kind of entropy generation inside the system as well so the heat heat transfer results in some internal irreversibility and we will see how this internal irreversibility can be characterized okay very very briefly okay I am not going to go into too much of detail okay so I am just talking about the second law aspects now okay so I am talking about irreversibility is an entropy generation and you all know we can start with the Clausius inequality you know which relates your change in entropy to the amount of heat transferred what it says if you have a perfectly reversible process so your DS is equal to this is your perfectly reversible process okay if you had differential amount of heat so you can relate your change in entropy directly with this particular relationship you can calculate the change in entropy if you integrate this particular equation okay now if you have some internal irreversibility what it says is your DS is greater than or equal to this so usually for internal it should be greater than this so we can also say or otherwise DS is equal to this plus some entropy which is generated inside the system due to irreversibilities you know these irreversibilities could be one of them could be from the viscous dissipation okay in the energy equation you have a contribution of viscous dissipation right so what it says even if you do not transfer heat that viscous dissipation is sufficient to increase the energy of the system that means part of the kinetic energy is converted into into energy into internal energy of the system okay so that can cause additional irreversibilities apart from that your conduction or heat diffusion itself will generate some internal irreversibilities okay so we will now try to estimate okay what is the contribution of the heat transfer and your viscous dissipation to the generation of heat entropy okay that is a very very important thing because it is not just enough to understand the conservation law we should also understand and characterize what is the contribution of these components to your entropy generation in a system okay therefore we will just quickly expand this for a closed system we can write this in a rate form as DS by DT is greater than or equal to 1 by D Q by DT okay this is nothing but the heat transfer rate okay so you can call this as Q dot or whatever heat transfer rate so for an open system okay so what I am going to do is I will express this total derivative this is for a closed system I can use the Reynolds transport theorem which I have expand the total derivative in terms of the partial derivatives I can say that this is my total entropy now if I define an entropy per unit volume as a property so I can write this as rho x S so this is the entropy per unit mass here I am sorry okay this is my this is your entropy specific entropy so therefore the alpha which is entropy per unit volume will be rho x S and integrated over the different entire volume plus what is the second term okay so this is your S into so this is rho S times so this this will be the velocity component okay which will make your derivative here V dot N DS this is integrated over the control surface this should be greater than or equal to if you integrate this again over the control surface because your heat transferred is transferred across the control volume boundaries okay DQ by DT okay DS all right so this is your equation for conservation of entropy so this is an entropy conservation equation you can say for an open system all right so it is just like your energy conservation you can write something in terms of entropy flux okay and your rate of change of entropy with respect to time and that should be greater than equal to your heat transfer which is happening divided by time the temperature sorry so what we will do now is that we will expand this particular term on the right hand side okay so we will apply gas divergence theorem for this term as well as this right hand side term and we can expand that term a little bit okay so if you write in terms of the gas divergence theorem so what I am going to do is that so this difference ideally if you do not have any internally reversibilities this left hand side minus the right hand side term should be 0 right if that is greater than 0 that means you have some internal irreversibility so what I am going to say your internal irreversibility s dot gen is equal to this minus this okay so which is nothing but your row DS by DT okay so I am just writing this in terms of the total derivative plus I am going to expand this particular term I will write that using gas divergence theorem as del dot 1 by T this can be written as del dot 1 by T del Q by DT for the entire control volume all right so this can be expressed as 1 by T I can write this as del dot Q double prime now the del Q by del T is nothing but the heat flux primarily so this can be written as del dot Q I can take 1 by T out minus I can take 1 by T square Q double prime dot del T okay I am just splitting this derivative I am just expanding I am just saying this is 1 by T if I take out this is del dot Q double prime minus if I take Q double prime out so this is 1 by T square Q double prime dot del T I am just expanding and rewriting this so this is my final expression which says that my generation term has something like a total derivative plus this plus this so if you ideally balance all these terms together you can calculate your irreversibility is internally okay so we will stop here and tomorrow we will continue and show what are the final expressions for the contribution to internally reversibilities.


Well good morning you fine folks, you fine person sitting right there. Thanks for clicking my video. Hang out for a while. I'm gonna do some trucking. We better bring people their stuff. And winter has decided to show its face a little bit today. We got us some 4WD weather this morning. It's actually not that bad. I don't need the four wheel drive right here. They cleared this road, but it's strange because they didn't clear it all the way to the curb. There's still four feet to the curb there on the left. I just left it. 7am right now. Usually they have it cleared before everyone goes to work, but they're a little bit behind this morning. We'll forgive them. All right this time. We'll forgive them. But usually they got this little pile that they got here to my left. Gone already. Because you'll see at the turning line here, people have to, in their little cars, they have to like mount this little mountain and get over it. Probably already all pushed down here. Yeah, there it is. Not a big deal. Not a big deal. That's why we got a truck, right? So we don't gotta worry about stuff like this. This isn't even that bad. We used to get so much more snow in Manitoba. Britt and I were talking about this just last night. We used to get a lot more snow in Manitoba we feel like. I remember going in our backyard and digging tunnels and building forts in the snow every winter. There was so much snow. And now there's hardly anything. The grass pokes through everywhere. So I guess it's, you know, just cycles. I'm probably gonna have a few winters with not as much snow. And then I bet, yeah, there's gonna be a decade after this where we get like 10 feet of snow every winter. This earth is a strange place. Mother Earth waits until you think you got her figured out. You think you got her figured out? And she's like, Ha! Just kidding. You don't know nothing. Get up out with a tow roll. Ain't no going to pull people out for free. This guy's not stuck. Drag my trailer over this guy who should not be po- Place to park. Fully grating. Why would you drive down a road like this and see all the chaos and not put your blade down? Am I missing something? Something you see every day. Okay, so I wonder if there's kids on there when I hit the- Just working in traffic like that because so many people don't pay attention. A friendly reminder like you need to be reminded again, but slow down for the tow trucks as well as the emergency vehicles. All right? It's actually a law in Manitoba here that on the highways you have to slow down to a minimum of 60 kilometers an hour when passing not just emergency vehicles but also tow trucks. And in the city you have to be going a minimum or a maximum, sorry did I say minimum? Or tow trucks. A lot of people think that tow is nicely on Oak Point Highway in North Winnipeg. Petro Pass has been investing a lot of money into their locations. Feels kind of good to park in a parking spot like that again. Even if it is with my itty-bitty truck. A lot of bobtails here. I wonder if they leave them here overnight because I would never park here for long. I'm just waiting about 20 minutes if that even just for my next pickup. Probably won't even be that long. It'll probably be more like five minutes. So I won't be taking up this 75 foot spot for long and if this was nighttime I'd go park somewhere else so that a driver who needs to sleep can park. There's also more parking spots over there. I just, I remember how much that bothered me. And I was at the end of my day driving like a long, long 10 hour day and I get to the truck stop and half the spots are taken up by bobtails or like local trucks without sleepers like this one. And they just leave them there all night so that I don't have a parking spot to sleep. Drove me nuts. So I always try to push forward courtesy. We gotta be courteous to the drivers. These spots are supposed to be for drivers who need it for the night. And I'm supposed to leave your truck here overnight if you're not going to be staying in it. But you know a lot of people see the world differently and they see these parking lots differently than I do. So that's just the way I see it. I'll be here for 20 minutes max, probably grab a coffee and then we'll be on the way. I don't think it'll be 20 minutes. I'm pretty sure they're gonna get a hold of me at about five. They were just trying to figure out whether or not to send me to the east side of Winnipeg or send me back out to rural Manitoba. It should be yelling at me here any second on the radio. I've got the goods. All as well. A little bit chilly out there. Yikes. What is the temperature out there right now? It's 16. It's going down to minus 20. Oh man, all next week. All our vortex is coming. We actually have to deal with seasonal, like regular seasonal temperatures in Manitoba. What is this? It's crazy talk. My tires don't like the cold. The pumps that are busted. That was what a week ago. How many of you think they're fixed after a week? Apparently they've already been broken. Well, you're turning here too? Oh, I was first. Me first. Thank you. They've been down for five weeks, so that's over a month already. Five, six weeks. Very fourth today. Most of you are saying they're going to be down until spring, so if they're not fixed by summer, guess we'll know. Oh, and there's somebody right in my way too. Now it's still got the red covers on them. They're still broken. I'm pretty sure you guys who said they're going to get fixed in spring will be right. They'll probably wait till the cold season's over and they'll just make us suffer through winter. I guess we'll check again next time. I don't come to this fuel stop every time, so we'll check every couple of days to see when they get it fixed. We're waiting for that minivan that's putting purple gas into its tank in a minivan. Farm purposes, obviously, obviously. Totally understand. Farm purposes, got to bring the kids to hockey. Need some purple gas in there. For those of you not from here, purple gas is cheaper gas, but it's for farm use only. Off-road farm use only. If you get caught putting purple gas in a minivan like that, that is a big fine. They'll get their taxes back from you one way or another. Fairly get your tail light fixed there, bud. What is it with minivans today? What is it with minivans every day? You guys notice this? We've talked about it before. Have you begun to notice it? It's the minivan phenomena. They're always in a hurry, always aggressive, always in a bad mood, because they're stressed out. Yeah, oh, speed limit. Okay, slow down. So it was a good day today. Buzz Drunned mostly the northwest side of the city there. I don't like usual. You know, it's my usual day. I go into the city, I fill the trailer up. I come back here, I empty it. Got my morning tomorrow all cut out for me, so I know what to expect. For now, just headed home. I'm hungry.


Hello everyone. Today is the beginning of Mental Health Week, and this year, the Canadian Mental Health Association is encouraging Canadians not to just get loud about mental health but to get real about it. Our lives have been transformed because of COVID-19, and you might feel like this crisis is taking its toll. Your daily routine might be different. Your way of coping might be more difficult to manage, and it can be a source of anxiety and stress. But I want you to know that it's okay to feel like this. Our mental health is just as important as our physical health, so we need to speak openly about it, and we need to be there for each other, especially during this pandemic. By connecting socially with others online, we can let people know that they're not alone. So check in on friends or neighbors who you think might be struggling. Facetime them, or give them a call. And if you're having a tough time, please reach out to people you can trust. As Canadians, we all have a role to play in fighting the stigma around mental health. So use the hashtags Get Real, Mental Health Week, and Together Apart on social media to amplify why you're speaking up.  Thank you.


We have to identify people with the power, capabilities and interests to support the anti-corruption. We wanted to go away from the idea of sanctioning perpetrators. How do you catch people and stop them doing what they're doing? But look at systemic and structural drivers.  It's something that you have to do progressively from one step to the next step This is a sort of package that we call strategic realism. It is really to identify things that can be done and things that can make a difference.


J-E-L-L-O The Jello program starring Jack Benny with Mary Livingston, Phil Harris, Kenny Baker and yours truly, Don Wilson. The orchestra opens a program with man about town from the picture of the same name. You know in this world you just can't stand still. You either slip backward or march forward. Well in the past 40 years Jello has been constantly marching forward. And for that reason Jello is proud to join the great parade of progress which is being held all over this country by the associated grocery manufacturers of America. The idea is to show what amazing progress has been made by food manufacturers over a period of years. And we can honestly say that Jello stands out as a real leader in progress. The years have brought constant new improvements. Jello began as one flavor. Now it brings you six. And every flavor is extra rich now with a new delicious goodness. Jello costs less nowadays. It's quicker and easier to make and it brings you a new fruit rich fragrance. So Jello is delighted to be a part of the great parade of progress. And we send our greetings to all the grocers of America. And when you're watching the parade look for the Jello banner. You'll see those big red letters there that spell Jello. Town played by the orchestra. And now ladies and gentlemen I would like to announce that this occasion is a galey event on our Jello program. Today marks the seventh radio anniversary of our illustrious and beloved master of ceremony. Is it that long? Tempest Fugit. Exactly seven years ago today a young man walked into a small New York broadcasting studio and spoke into a microphone for the first time. I was as nervous as a goldfish in a fraternity house. Gee. There he stood ladies and gentlemen wearing a brown suit, cloth top shoes, a straw hat and a cane. I finished with a dance in those days folks. So now without further ado we bring you that same young man in that same brown suit, Jack Benny. Well Jello again this is old faith though still spouting after all these years. And thanks Don it was awfully nice of you to remember my anniversary but how did you ever happen to think of it? Well I'll tell you Jack last Wednesday I received an anonymous letter stating all the details. Oh. And Thursday I got a telegram saying what are you going to do about it? Uh huh. So when you called up Friday and asked me how I liked my job I just put two and two together. I see. Well believe me it was just a coincidence. Anyway that was a swell introduction Don but you're wrong about one thing. This is not the same suit I wore at my first broadcast. Oh it isn't. No this is a brand new one and if you don't believe it you can call up my tailors. The Campus Cut Tog Shop. Open all night. They'll tell you. Then I must apologize Jack. Really I thought you were wearing the same suit you wore seven years ago for sentimental reasons. What was that man? I said I thought you were wearing the same suit for sentimental reasons. No Don my father's carrying the torch now. We're the same size you know. But Don when you mentioned my first broadcast seven years ago it sure brought back memories. I'll never forget how nervous I was that night. I was shaking like a leaf. Well you must be nervous tonight too Jack. You're still shaking. No and that's what worries me. Now I shake but I'm not nervous. Gee I can't be that old. Anyway Don this has been a great day for me. I got telegrams and flowers and I got the grandest present from our sponsor. He sent me a lovely box of salt water taffy. Wasn't that nice? Oh it certainly was. Have you eaten any yet? No Don I misplaced my heavy duty teeth. I hope I find them because corn on the cob will be along any day now. I must write and thank them though. Oh hello Mary. Hello Jack congratulations on your anniversary. Well thanks but gosh Mary how'd you happen to know about I've been trying to keep it a secret. Oh stop. I saw that big ad of yours in the Hollywood Citizen News. Oh that. Well I was just advertising for a gardener. I need one. What does the ad say Mary? I got it right here. Get this Don. Wanted Japanese gardener preferably an ex acrobat from Vaudeville where Jack Benny spent many happy years before he went into radio and is now celebrating his seventh successful season on the air. Must have references. Well I wanted a gardener with experience. Look what you got at the bottom of the ad. Well. Address all replies. Jack Benny Paramount Studio where he is now starring in Man About Town. And bring your own lawnmower. Look Mary gardeners are very hard to get so doesn't hurt to build yourself up a little. Anyway I don't think you should ridicule me on my anniversary. Oh I didn't mean anything Jack. As a matter of fact I brought your present. Well that's different what is it. Here you are a pair of woolen socks and I knitted them all by myself. Oh well let's see him. Well that was sweet of you Mary. Say these socks are swell but look what's the idea of the zipper on the side. That's so you can put your money in without rolling them down. Mary I told you a thousand times I don't keep money in my sock. That lump is where the end of my underwear meets my ankle. Muddy green country down there. Well it's wonderful for grazing if you want to go haywire. Anyway thanks for my gift. Only sometimes I wish that you'd come in. Telegeram for Jack Benny. Telegeram. Take it Mary here's a tip for you son. Oh Judy initial so long. He must have been eating some of my taffy. What does the telegram say Mary. It's from your sister Florence. Oh from Florence. She says congratulations on reaching your seventh anniversary. And I hope that signed Florence. That's her all right ten words is her limit. Why is she always been like that. Oh hello Kenny. Hi Jackson are you right on the beam tonight.  What are you whipping it up Elmer. I see. Kenny I wish you'd stop hanging around our swing happy maestro Phil Harris. He's a bad influence. Oh I don't know. Well I do.  Oh yeah. Yeah. Smell this flower in my buttonhole and I'll squirt your eye out. Kenny stop that immediately. And take off that badge you're not a chicken inspector. Chicken inspector yet. Phil's got one that says step up sugar here's your honey. Wow I'll bet that really gets the girls. You know Mary I think it's a crime what Phil is doing to Kenny. He's making a regular smart aleck out of him. You said it. Kenny was standing in front of the drug store this afternoon. When I walked by he went. I did not I went. Oh you did. That's fine Kenny whistling at girls. Well you do it. Listen Kenny I haven't whistled at a girl since the pool room burned down in Warkegon. Now you behave yourself young man. Say Kenny aren't you going to congratulate Jack this is a big day for him you know. Oh Don let's forget it he wouldn't appreciate it anyway. Nobody does in this gang. Now wait a minute Jack I can't speak for the others but I've been loyal to you always and you know it. Yes you have Don that I must admit. Jack remember the day when you and I first met five years ago. I certainly do Don I certainly do. Why it seems like yesterday I'll never forget it. Remember when we did our first broadcast for Jello. You were standing out in the hall just before the program and I came up to you and said that can I speak to you a minute Mr. Benny I used to be quite formal then. Yeah and I said what is it slim you were quite thin too. Remember I sure do.  Yeah you know Jack I've never forgotten that message who has quiet and remember Don when I told you to say always insist on genuine Jello look for the big red letters on the box pardon me Jack but I originated that expression Oh no Don no I remember distinctly that I thought of it well I hate to argue with you but I'm positive it was my idea now Don let's be fair about this I created that expression and if you weren't such a ham you'd admit it.  That was beautiful, Mary. Hey, folks, how would you like to hear Jack Benny play a violin solo? Oh, no, Phil, nothing good. Come on, Jack. Come on, Jack. Oh, no, I don't want to. Ah, come on, Jack, old pal. All right, fellas, if you insist, have you got a violin here, Slap? No, Jackie, I haven't got one. Oh, well, it's lucky I brought my own. I thought I might be called out, no? All right, boys, give me an introduction on Love and Blue. That's what we want, you morass. Oh, I wish they'd be quiet. All right, hit it, boys. Isn't that awful? Well, you're in bloom now, so keep still. Now, for this, Slaperman, if you don't throw this fellow out, I will. Go ahead, the customer's always right. Here, Mary, hold my call. Hey, wait a minute. Wait a minute now, Jack. Calm down. This is all a rib. A rib? Yes, I hired that guy to heckle you. You sure fell for it, didn't you? Oh, I get it. Well, you sure fooled me, buddy. Hey, come over and join us. Have a drink. Okay, Mr. Benny, I'll have a cherry phosphate. Say, you certainly had me going there for a minute. Come on, let's all sit down and have a good time. Oh, Kenny, get down out of that tree. What a anniversary. Hey, Slap, how about the few?  Ladies and gentlemen, tonight I have a confession to make. There was a time when I was a meat and potato man. No salads for me, no, sir. Well, I've changed. Because I found out the jello salads really are different. They have assessed the tang that's cool and refreshing. And here's one for you to try that I know you'll all like. Husbands included. Jello spring salad. You can make it with lime or lemon jello, whichever you prefer. Both flavors are especially swell for salads. Dissolve one package of jello in one pint of hot water, then add one tablespoon of vinegar and a chill until slightly thickened. Add one cup of chopped nut meats and one cup of diced celery and mold until firm. Serve on crisp lettuce with real mayonnaise and boy, boy, you've got something. Cool, refreshing jello, golden lemon or sea green lime, molded with crunchy celery and nut meats. So try it soon. Ask your grocer tomorrow for lime or lemon jello or better yet, get both. This is the last number of the 31st program in the New Jello series and we will be with you again next Sunday night at the same time. Oh Jack, here's another telegram just came from you, from Lloyds of London. Lloyds of London, what does it say? It says congratulations on reaching your seventh year in radio, although you cost us plenty. Well, I've been fooling them for years. Good night, folks. Here's our Jello program for courtesy of Mervin Aray Productions. This is the National Broadcasting Company.