Hello. Yeah. Can you hear me? Okay. So, next we are going to see the octet rule. So, what is octet rule? Write down, first of all, atoms forms, write down, atoms forms covalent bond, covalent bond in order to, in order to attain noble gas configuration, noble gas configuration and for this, each atom should have, should have eight electrons in the valence shell, in the valence shell. Okay. For example, HCl, CO2, O2, CH4. In fact, all hydrocarbon follows this rule. All hydrocarbon follows this rule. Yes, eight electron in the valence, in the valence shell. Okay. However, there are only few elements which follows this rule. Okay. Majority of the molecules does not follow this rule. Okay. That's why we have a lot of exception in this rule. Okay. So, if you see this HCl, if I explain you this one, hydrogen never forms octet. It can form duplet. One or more than one also possible, covalent bond. Okay. So, you see HCl, hydrogen and chlorine, right? So, we have one electron here and one electron here. So, for hydrogen, that duplet is complete. Chlorine, if you see, has three lone pairs on it and head bonding electron. If you count the number of electrons, only covalent. See, ionic is the transfer of electron. One atom has to lose the electron. Other one has to gain the electron. Right? So, there we have exchange of electron. Right? Hence, in that case, octet rule we don't consider because one atom has to lose, other one has to gain. Here, we have sharing. So, sharing takes place between the two atoms in order to gain octet for both atoms. So, one atom, if it is losing, other one, if it is gaining. Right? So, in that case, it is ionic bond. Right? And octet rule we do not define for ionic bonds. Okay. It is not possible. So, as you see, the octet of chlorine is complete and hydrogen, we have duplet of this. Okay? CO2, another example, carbon 4 double bond C, double bond O. For carbon, the number of electrons you count, it is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Carbon has 8 electron, oxygen has two lone pairs on it. So, the octet of oxygen is also complete. So, all these molecules you see, all the elements will have its octet complete. Right? There are majority, like the most of the compounds in fact, does not follow octet rule but still they form the compound and those compounds are stable also. That's why all these compounds will study under exception of octet rule. Write down exception of octet rule. The first one, molecules write down like this, lesser than 8 electron, 8 electrons in the outer shell, 8 electrons in the outer shell. Means we have molecules in which the central atom has lesser than 8 electrons in the outer shell but still the molecule is stable. Right? It does not follow octet rule but still the molecule forms. For example, you see, we have BF3, we have ALCl3, H2, etc. The BF3 molecule if you see, the structure of BF3 is this. The structure of ALCl3 is also very much similar and H2 we know already at single bond H. All these molecules you see, the number of electrons for this boron in this compound, we have 6 electron, 2, 4, and 6. Here it is again 6 electron, 2, 4, and 6 and here it has 2 electron. So there are molecules in which the central metal atom, central atom has less than 8 electron but still the molecule is stable. Right? This is the exception of octet rule. Clear?  It is balanced as in this molecule, it forms ALCl3. We use this as a catalyst in the reaction but it is also possible that ALCl3 goes under dimerization and forms AL2Cl6. But yes, ALCl3 exists, it is a strain. We use ALCl3 as a Lewis acid in organic reactions. That is why it is, yes, that is why it is an exception. But yes, dimerization is also possible and forms AL2Cl6. For which one? A structure we will discuss, Shiddish. We will discuss VSEPR theory. There you will understand the structure. Okay, let's not go over there. Structure-related things. We will discuss that. Okay, this is the first exception of octet rule. The second one you write down, less than 8 electron, one more thing I forgot to write here, less than 8 electron it's possible and this kind of compound, we call it as, this kind of compound, we call it as hypovalent compound, less than 8 electrons, hypovalent molecule. And when we say less than 8 electrons, I'm talking about the central atom. We'll calculate the, to count the number of electrons for central atom, aluminium, boron. Here we do not have that central atom. That's why I'm calculating the 6 electron for aluminium here, for boron here. Okay, second point. In case of, second you write down like this, less than, sorry, more than 8 electrons, more than 8 electrons end up in outer shell, 8 electrons in outer shell. Right on, there are molecules, there are molecules which contains more than 8 electrons, molecules which contains more than 8 electrons, but still they are stable. For example, you see, example is SF6. We have PCL5, sulphate, iron, SO4, 2-minutes, etc. SF6, if you look at the molecule, the structure, sulphur has 6 chlorine atom attached here, PCL5 has 5 chlorine, all these molecules you see, the number of electrons, this sulphur has, if you count, each bond has 2 electrons, there are 6 bond, there are 12 electrons for the sulphur atom. For phosphorus, we have 8 electrons, so 10 electrons, so we can see there are molecules which has more than 8 electrons, but still they are stable. This kind of molecules which has more than 8 electron, but stable, we call it as hypervalent molecule. Hypervalent, if you understand this, how do we calculate the number of electrons here? How do we get 12 electrons or 10 electrons? Please tell me, all of you. Yes, 2 electrons in one bond. D shell, that's also right. Okay, why these molecules shows more than 8 electrons, because they have D orbitals available. Sulfur belongs to third period, phosphorus belongs to third period and third period elements, we know they have vacant D orbital, hence they can expand their octet and we call it as expanded octet. That's why you see mainly the P block of second period, those elements only shows or follows octet rule, like boron also we have seen some exceptions in boron, mainly we have carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine. These are the few elements which follows octet rule, mainly other elements can easily expand their octets and can show expanded octet. Because of the availability of D shell, they can have more than 8 electrons easily. Next, write down the third exception here we have. In case of odd number of electrons, in case of odd number of electrons in outer shell, these molecules we also call it as odd electron molecules. For example, we have NO, we have NO2, CLO2, all these molecules are odd electron molecules, because they have odd number of electrons, you see this, nitrogen has 7, oxygen has 8, 15 electrons, odd electrons, 7, oxygen has 8 into 2, 23 electrons, again odd electrons, 7 plus 8 into 2, 23 electrons, again odd number, sorry, it is 17, 33 electrons, which is again odd number of electrons. So, since we have odd number of electrons, it does not follow octet rule. Yes, outer shell has 7 only, I am just calculating the total number of electrons, how do you find out the molecule is an odd electron molecules or not. So, it is the total number of electrons I have taken. This is 7, 8, 7, 8 into 2 like that. Yes, that's right, outer shell for chlorine has 7 electrons only. Yes, president, tell me. The last exception we have is in case of, in case of transition elements compound, means compounds of transition element. Now, in this one you see, the example we have transition element compound, we call it as coordination compound. For example, K4FE CN6, this compound we call it as coordination compound or we also call it as complex compound. There are many differences between the coordination compound and the simple compound, like NACL, MG, CO2, etc. Those things we are not discussing now because we'll discuss this in grade 12, you have a chapter called coordination compounds only. They will discuss in detail of all these things. But here you see the metal here that is iron, it takes electron from 6 cyanide. So, obviously it has more than 8 electrons, 6 cyanide ion we have and that's why it does not follow the octet rule. So, in this four cases, the octet rule is violated. Only second period element follows octet rule. In that also there are few elements like boron and all that does not follow octet rule. So, this theory, these are the drawbacks in this particular theory of octet rule. That's why we require a new theory of bonding and that is nothing but valence bond theory, MOT molecular orbital theory and other things which we will discuss later. Before going into that, first we'll see the Lewis dot structure. This structure we draw based on octet rule only. Lewis dot structure. There are rules which you need to follow here. This structure shows the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and the lone pair of electron. Next slide down, rules for Lewis dot structure. Just we need to follow the rules in order to draw the Lewis dot structure. The first one, write down count the number of valence electrons. The first step is to find out the number of valence electrons. Write down the first rule, count the number of valence electrons. First of all, write down the rules. I'll dictate it. Just a second. Hold on. Just a second, guys. Hold on. Otherwise, I would have shown you the rules. Not a problem. I wanted to show you the rules. It's not there. Anyways, Lewis dot structure. The first step, we'll find out the number of valence electron, valence electron. We don't count the total electron. Valence electron only becomes. Second point, add one electron for each negative charge and subtract one for each positive charge. Add one electron for each negative charge and subtract one for each positive charge. Add one electron for each negative charge and subtract one for each positive charge. Third point, choose the central atom. Choose the central atom. Generally, the least electronegative atom is the central Atom generally the least electronegative atom is the central atom then same third point next line write down Hydrogen can never be the central atom. Okay. All of you have written till here. Please tell me Because this is important. We'll do the examples based on this Ha so I'll go slowly over here, right so that all of you can write it down Otherwise, you won't understand the example Could you repeat the second point? Yes, the second point is add one electron for each negative charge and Subtract one for each positive charge Now fourth point you write down. Now in third point you have written in the third point next line you write down place the outer atom around the central atom place outer atom around the central atom and Insert a pair of electron Insert a pair of electron between the central atom and the outer atom place the outer atom around the central atom and Insert a pair of electron and insert a pair of electron Between the outer atom and the center line. This is the third point All of you have written please tell me no, this is the Third third point only in third point. I have given three points here three different lines. Okay now the next point Okay, or whatever number you have given follow the same. Okay Let it be follow the same but be alert right don't mix this here in there. Okay next point is write down place that remaining electron on the outer atom place the remaining electron on the outer atom Unshared electron place the remaining electron on the outer atom as Unshared electron in order to complete their octet in order to complete their octet Starting from the most electronegative one. Okay. I'll repeat this one again Place the remaining electron on the outer atom as unshared electron to complete their octet Starting with the most electronegative element next point Place the remaining electron on the central atom Place the remaining electron on the central atom on the central atom Next point you write down hydrogen should have Maximum two electrons more than two electrons for hydrogen is not possible. So hydrogen should have Maximum two electrons Beryllium should have four Beryllium should have four Boron and aluminium should have six electron Beryllium should have four and Boron and aluminium Should have six electron Beryllium should have four Beryllium should have four Boron and aluminium should have Six electron on an aluminium. These are the rules we have to follow in order to draw the Lewis dot instruction Mean is this? Okay. Now in this There are certain few points that you have to take care of Next write down and this point all of you write down carefully if the central Atom has more than eight electrons If the central atom has more than eight electrons Then it's atomic number should be more than eleven two three more points we have if the central atom Has more than eight electrons Then it's atomic number should be more than eleven next point is very important. Okay Central atom has central atom has less than seven electrons central atom has less than seven electrons then move an Unshared pair of electron then move an Unshared pair of electron from the outer atom the outer atom to form a Double or triple bond a double or triple bond With the central atom I'll repeat if the central atom has less than seven electrons less than seven electrons Then move an unshared pair of electron an unshared pair of electron on the outer atom In the outer atom a double or triple bond to form a double or triple bond With the central atom point calculate the formal charge Calculate the formal charge on each atom formal charge on each atom So the formula for formal charge is V minus minus you s is the Shared pair of electron of electron V is the number of valence electron number of valence electron and u is the number of number of unshared Unshared electrons with examples you will get it Okay, one more point you write down if a molecule is hypervalent if the molecule is hypervalent Then the charge on the central atom should be zero if the molecule is hypervalent Then the charge on the central atom should be zero or The charge on the ion I repeat this point again if the molecule is hypervalent Then the charge on the central atom should be zero or the charge on the ion Tell me all of you have done. We'll start the examples then Yes, with examples only you will understand the rules that you have written. Suppose the first molecule I am taking that is carbon tetrachloride, CCl4. We need to draw the Lewis dot structure of this, okay? Lewis dot structure of this. The first step is to calculate the number of valence electrons. So we will calculate the number of valence electrons. Valence electron means in the valence shell how many electrons are there. For carbon the number of valence electron is 4 and for chlorine it is 7 but there are 4 chlorine atoms 7 into 4 so it is 32. 32 valence electrons we have. Next is we will find out the central atom. Identify the central atom. The least electronegative element is the central atom. Carbon should be the central atom. Around the central atom we will place the outer atom which is chlorine here in this case. Next is what we need to distribute this 32 electrons among these atoms. Carbon and chlorine. How we will distribute that? We will start from this. Means one electron, one pair of electron we insert between the central atom and the outer atom like this. 32-8 electrons we have used. Remaining is 24 electrons. That 24 electrons we start placing on the outer atoms in order to complete their octet. You see this chlorine if you ignore this one. This chlorine has 2 electrons. This chlorine requires 6 more to complete its octet. We have 24 electrons. Out of 24 electrons, 6 electrons I will place here. This chlorine octet is complete. For this also we will do the same thing. We are left with 12 electrons after this. Out of 12, 6 electron will place here. 6 electron will place here. We are left with 6 more electrons and the last 6 electrons will place on the chlorine and this is the distribution of electrons. This is a very basic example I have done. If you draw this, you see octet of all the atoms are complete. The last step when you do everything, the last step is to calculate the formal charge. Let's see how to calculate the formal charge. Formal charge actually we calculate on each atom including the center atom and the outer atom. The bonding of all chlorine are same. The formal charge on carbon is what? Formula we use, number of balanced electron 4 minus half of the shared electrons. 246, 8 electrons are being shared. 8 plus the number of unshared electron on this carbon. There is no unshared electron. Sorry, we have negative also in the last. There is no unshared electron. Unshared means any lone pair is present or not. That is 0. So this should be 0. The formal charge on carbon atom is 0. For chlorine if you find out the formal charge, 7 is the valence electron. And for each chlorine the bonding is same, anyone you can take. This is the unshared electron. The shared electron is 2. So half of 2 electrons are shared minus we have 6 unshared electrons, unpaired electrons. This is also 0. Hence the formal charge on chlorine as well as carbon is 0. So this is the Lewis dot structure of C-C-L.    The chlorine also the octet is complete. The chlorine also the octet is complete and the chlorine also the octet is complete. So all the atom has complete octet with 0 formal charge. So this is the best possible arrangement of atoms. Remember if you have placed everything and formal charge if you do not calculate, if you do not put, if any, then the entire thing will be wrong. Without formal charge nothing is correct. Did you understand this? Let's take another example CO2. Tell me the valence electron for carbon dioxide. The number of valence electron and which one is the central atom here? How many valence electrons are there? If you look at these examples you will get it. What is the Lewis dot structure? Tell me the number of valence electron guys. What is the number of valence electron? 16 you are getting. Number of valence electron for carbon it is 4. Oxygen it is 6 into 2. So we have 16 electrons. Central atom. What is the central atom here? It's in other value. We have carbon. So carbon is the central atom and oxygen will place on the other side of carbon. Then this 16 electron we have to distribute. So I will place one electron here, one pair of electron here, another pair will place here. Now we will distribute the electron on the outer atom starting with the most electronegative one. But we have oxygen only so we will place anywhere. But suppose we have two different atoms here, oxygen and other atoms. Then the one which is more electronegative will give the electron to that particular atom first. So here I have given you the rules for this. Central atom is generally the least electronegative one. And if you have three to two oxygen and one carbon obviously it's common sense that oxygen cannot be the central atom. Symmetry if you see. So carbon is the central atom least electronegative one. So we are left with 12 electrons. So we will place 6 electron on this oxygen so that the octet of oxygen is complete. So that the octet of oxygen is complete. Then I want you to go through one point here. Maybe the point number 9 or 10 in which it is written that all of you listen. If central atom has less than 7 electron. Could you see that point? 10th, 1 or 9th or 11th you can check. If the central atom has less than 7 electron. Did you see that? What is that rule? If the central atom has less than 7 electrons then move an unshared pair of electron from outer atom to form double or triple bond. Correct? So what we will do? We will move one electron here. Right. You see this? Carbon has 4 electron in this bonding state. So one pair will move here in order to make a double bond with carbon atom like this. You see it is still the octet of oxygen is complete. Oxygen has no loss here. Whether you place this a 2 electron here. The octet of oxygen is complete. If you place the 2 electron here it is still the octet of oxygen is complete. Oxygen has no loss into this one. But the advantage is what carbon has had 4 electron. Now it has 6 electron. Again you shift this electron pair over here and we are doing it according to the rule. Then you see oxygen is still the octet of oxygen is complete but carbon also has complete octet. So this is the distribution of electron. The perfect distribution of electron. The last one is what? It is not the bonding. We are trying to understand the distribution of electron. How do we draw the Lewis dot structure? In Lewis dot structure we do not draw the line. Single bond or double bond we don't draw like this. We just put this dot. There is no point of talking about here the coordinate bond or covalent bond or something like that. Because we don't represent the bond. We just represent the electrons here. Now last step is what? To calculate the formal charge. The formal charge if you count on oxygen. Could you tell me the formal charge on oxygen? For oxygen it would be 6 minus 4 electrons are there. So half of 4 minus 4 electrons are there. So 0 formal charge on oxygen. For carbon also if you count it will get 0 formal charge on carbon. So this is the structure of CO2. See you can draw other structures also. You can draw other structures. Like you can ask me like I have done this. If you are asking first of all if you are asking why to count formal charge. You can also ask me why to distribute electron like this. We are calculating formal charge to write down the loose order structure. That's the answer your question. But the thing is there are many other distribution possible. It's not like only one kind of distribution is there. But with the distribution of electrons the formal charge changes. Without the formal charge the molecule is not stable and it is not correct structure. Not stable we cannot say. Like you see I will give you one example here only. I had done this. You did not ask me this question but you could have asked me this question also. This was the arrangement we were talking about. Because we have then I said what? That one electron one pair of electron I will remove from here and I will place it here. And then what I said one electron from this side will place it here. You can ask me so why not you place this electron here only. Can we do this? Can we do this? The point is we can do this. But this structure is not right now. It's not right now. When you place the formal charge we will have a formal charge on this oxygen. If you find out you will get a negative formal charge here. If you find a positive formal charge on this oxygen most probably you can count you will get that. So with this formal charge this structure is correct. If you do not draw the formal charge your structure is wrong. First thing is that second thing which one is the acceptable one. Acceptable one is the one which is in which the atoms has no formal charge. This and this if you compare this is negative and this is positive. The more stable structure that's why we draw this way. Did you get my point? Yes. Tell me. Yes. I can show you one more thing here. Let's discuss this way also. If you draw a bond here this structure is nothing but this one. O double bond C double bond O isn't it? Yes. And this structure is nothing but O single bond C triple bond O. With one lone pair with three lone pair one negative charge and one positive charge. Okay. Now if you see this. This is a conjugated system by Sigma lone pair. If you draw the resonating structure for this one. Then what do you get? You'll get this one. Yes. Could you connect this with resonance? Yes. So now you can answer your question itself. If you do not put the charge over here. Will this structure be correct? No, it's not. Is it right? So the thing is that when you distribute the electron, the distribution of electron leads to some charge on the atom. Correct. Without placing those charge that structure is not correct. It's a different matter that which structure is more stable one. This one or this one? The more stable one only will draw, right? But we can draw this structure also. Obviously this is the resonating structure for this one. So this is not wrong. But yes, it is not as stable as this one is. Is it clear? Tell me. Could you draw this one? We'll do many examples into this one because with example only you will understand this. XCF2 you try. Let me know once you're done. So in this one, how many valence electron? 8 for xenon and 7 for chlorine. 22, right? Obviously xenon is a central atom. The least electronegative one. Floating will replace this side. Then one pair in between the atoms. We are left with 18 electrons. So 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 octet is complete. How many electrons? We are left with 6 plus 6, 12, 12 plus 4, 16. We are left with 3, 6 more electrons. So we have 3 lone pairs on xenon. This is the structure. If you calculate the formal charge, what is the formal charge on xenon? Xenon the formal charge 8 minus half of 4 minus 6. So 0. There's no charge on xenon. Floating also we have 0 formal charge. Hence, this is the structure we have. This one XEF4, yeah. So XEF4, how many valence electron? Pavati. Shatish, how many valence electron? Is it 36? Yeah. 8 plus 7 into 4, 36. So central atom is obviously XE. Then fluorine, fluorine, fluorine and fluorine. Okay. So we'll have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, then 6 electron on each fluorine atom. That plus this is 32. 32 electrons we have used. So xenon will have 2 lone pairs on it. Is it 2 lone pairs on xenon? Right. Formal charge on fluorine is 0. Xenon it's also 0.  You have to place it. Right. You cannot count like this and leave. Okay. So this is just I'm doing it for you to understand how to calculate the formal charge. But if it is any formal charge there like minus 1, minus 2 plus 1, then you have to place here on the atom. Okay. Understood this one. We'll do some more examples into this. Okay. Next class and then we'll continue with the other theory of bonding. Okay. Some more examples required. Assignment I've given you already. Module questions you need to solve, redox and mole concept too. Okay. We'll see you in the next class. Take care.


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of the AccessToTrader.com nightly wrap-up show. Hope everybody is doing well. Crazy, crazy market. We'll get to it in a second. If you are a brand new to the channel, thank you. Thank you for spending 15 minutes with us. Welcome aboard. Share, subscribe, all that good stuff. Like the video. Help us out. We'll try to help you out with giving you the most unbiased opinion of the market that we could possibly have. And we can be on this journey to Neverland because there's no trophies, there's no finish line, just constant education, and the ability to get out of our own way. Again, I've been saying this for years and years and years. There's no such thing as a great trader. It's just a lot of traders have been doing it for a long time that are getting really good at not shooting themselves in the foot versus brand new traders who haven't been through the battles, who haven't been through the foxholes doing this on a continuous basis. But it gets easier throughout the years and eventually you will get that aha moment in your life. So hopefully you guys will continue and don't give up on this journey. So let's talk about the tape.  Guess what? The market's still good. Again, nothing materialistically has changed. The Dow is up 70s in a row. This is the longest winning streak since 2021. The NASDAQ continues to go up 1% a day. It's just been absolutely amazing.   And then right in the middle of the day, around 11 o'clock in the morning, Microsoft drops a little gem. And we'll get to that in a second. Kind of rewind a little bit, right? During 1999 and 2000, again, the internet kind of got really going. And that was the dot com craze. And I remember back then when a company came out with a PR, and they said, for example, we're selling jewelry online.  So any PR during the dot com craze that they were selling some sort of e-commerce online, that stock would go nuts. If you guys remember during pandemic, any single company that said, well, we are developing a potential COVID test, that stock went crazy. And now it's just all about AI, right?  A lot of you guys have these chat GPTs, hell, even I downloaded the free chat GPT app a couple, you know, it was a couple of months ago. So now it's getting very, very mainstream. So now companies are using the word AI to really kick things into gear. And that's exactly what happened today with Microsoft.  And then right around, right around here, right around 1130 in the morning, they dropped a very, very innocent PR. And it basically said, we're going to raise our prices on AI products. And what that basically means is there is demand, right? So when you have more demand, well, you're going to raise prices. That's exactly what every single business does. And Microsoft went absolutely out of its mind. Okay, it started going absolutely nuts. It went literally from 349 to all the way to 367 going absolutely berserk and talk about the options market lighting it up. When the PR hit, okay, they were coming for the 350 the 355 weeklies when the stock started going to 351 352, they were coming for the 360 365 weeklies when the stock was going to 360, they were coming for the August 370s, 380s, 390s, and I even saw some 400 calls coming in just the absolute nuts. And just like Microsoft just during back in the days with a dot com PR going online or one of these companies going for COVID test, AI was everywhere. Then Microsoft came out with a PR with meta, right with meta collaboration, then meta started waking up and then all of a sudden video realized, well, wait a minute, we're in AI as well. And guess what happened with NVIDIA? NVIDIA started ripping as well. So you saw just a lot of names going absolutely nuts. And it really does show you that you don't need a lot for this market to get going or for your stock to get going.  And the most important part is once those market option flow market hits, and they start coming repeat guys, that's the formula folks if I had to start all over again, all over again, not knowing anything about technical analysis anything about charts. I would begin with the most basic thing, right if you know what a breakout looks like right like this is a breakout right here on the video that we talked about going above the 440 level right and you just know what a basic breakout is and if you start seeing repeat buyers okay in the same option chain over and over again out of the body option chain with short term expiration is a very, very good chance. It's going to light up at some point whether it's today. Yesterday where eventually it's going to light up and when it does, it lights up very aggressively do you know case in point right we would talk about PLTR yesterday right so my PLTR came in long PLTR overnight had a runner. They came out with a PR remember they were buying yesterday those those buyers that were coming in to the 1717 and a half 1818 and a half dollar calls. Ta-da stocks at over $18 you know really really big move there as well. I think going into tomorrow and all eyes obviously are going to be on Tesla that continues to be going nuts and Netflix that continues to be going even nuts or if it's possible that's even English but these stocks are obviously going to be the focal point let me just see if there's any other notable names for tomorrow's session I think those are the big ones I think IBM reports tomorrow but let's see your earnings calendar for tomorrow. Yeah you got Tesla you have Netflix you have Goldman Sachs forgot about Goldman you have some airlines Las Vegas Sands IBM you know some regional banks but the key the key the key numbers for Tesla it's going to be for Tesla and Netflix obviously Goldman Sachs is going to set the tone for financials and you know look look we don't know what's going to happen to Tesla earnings we've been going through again just kind of kind of the segue yesterday that we had in the options corner we'll get to some notable option plays today that we saw being bets you know we don't know what's going to happen at the earnings we don't we don't you think you do you might guess you hope it is going to happen but we don't okay we do know they continue to bet we will start off with Netflix they continue to bet the 500 weeklies we saw next week's 550s are coming in pretty aggressive bets does that mean Netflix is a slam dunk it's going to 550 tomorrow who the hell knows right again when it comes to earnings it's all bets you know all bets are on the table but nobody knows for sure again the question is open ended question especially after big big rally is the market baked in raise the earnings results baked into its run we'll know you know we'll know tomorrow after the close same thing with Tesla right we've been talking about this for a week already they were coming from the 300 calls non stop guess what they're still coming for the 300 calls non stop and I'll tell you one thing I will tell you one thing we saw now for three four days role millions and millions and millions of dollars being poured in on the weekly 300 calls and for next week's 330s 345s okay if they disappoint there's going to be a fire and all these premiums that they're going to go to just straight to zero so look they might be very very aggressive on their bets did they know something that they have this you know the earnings leak we have no idea right we don't know and obviously will take advantage of Tesla's price action after the earnings right whether it's long short or indifferent but for tomorrow obviously this is going to be the big you know the big one the big star of the show along with Netflix to see again are these you know are these call buyers are not uncertain you know we'll see tomorrow pretty much 24 hours from now when we're when we're discussing the markets will say you know we'll see what happens some other notable bets that we definitely definitely saw today look at this lift and I and again I'm trying to when I when I do these updates kind of as as of yesterday going forward you know I try to poorly the option flow into the daily setup so for example I'm not going to talk about a stock that was option flow 20 points out of the money but the stock looks like crap but here's a point in reference to lift right look at this tight flag on lift had a nice move up now it's going sideways if if lift can get above this channel here the July highs here next couple days maybe this thing lights up they were coming for the August 18 expiration for the $14 calls you know they were coming some pretty aggressive a pretty aggressive flow we'll see again still needs to get above the top of the channel one name that was really really aggressive throughout the whole morning and you can see the move in the morning here really really big move was it's sold off towards end of the day but keep an eye on this thing guys they were coming for the August 25 50 calls and they were coming for the weekly 25 and a half 27 and 27 and a half dollar calls but you can see here stock really sold off towards but had a really really explosive run I know a lot of you guys caught the move a name for example like well in the video right like give an example of the video they're not even coming for the 500s anymore right and obviously it's a really strong chart really aggressive setup here and it's very very close to the highs from two days ago for them for the next move up they're not even coming for the 500s no more we saw some buyers come in for the for the August 18 expiration for the five 50 calls so again there there you know they're either betting strong into earnings or just just have blinders on it just don't really care how high the stock goes they're just continuously bidding up the shares as again speaking of Microsoft and we'll be definitely watching this thing in the next couple days for a little bit of consolidation for the next move higher but boy oh boy look at these bets guys they were coming for the August August 18 400s the October 385 so just a lot of bull market bets being put out literally everywhere and the most important part is again guys do not fall for the for you okay dole folder you for a trade take it trade by trade day by day as you see every single day like they pulled at the open today they could pull at any time they're not going to give you a warning so the last thing you want to do is keep on pushing pushing pushing on overextended names keep you know look at you know stick with the stocks like this right stick with the tight tight stops to add tight setups like a lift right nice tight setup if it starts confirming the next couple days god bless right I'm still on my runner on apple apple had a res day today nice calm res day again look how tight it's getting getting really super tight two weeks of consolidation again they were coming for the 195 weeks if this thing could wake up in the next couple days and take out the yearly highs man this thing's going to light up as well so again nice tight looking charts not overextended names I'll leave you guys a couple of more names just to kind of watch lift you know obviously I'm watching I'm watching I'm watching apple tomorrow I'd like to add above the pre you know above the earnings above the yearly highs look at AMD right AMD starting to get tight here it needs to go maybe a little bit more tighter the next couple days but AMD if it starts getting above this channel and confirms his Bollinger band this thing is going to go roadblocks today started to get you know started to get pretty good I like this is the highest close in the whole formation I want to keep an eye on this thing for tomorrow as well and letter you right letter you has been a really really good trader had a really great base couple days ago now it's trying to go sideways and needs to confirm above the Bollinger band to have its next leg up so tomorrow guys again all eyes on Netflix all eyes on Tesla I mean again if this is a slam dunk tomorrow at 300 you know it's it's a tough slam dog because every time you know all I'm seeing on social media is this is free money free money and free money and all I know is retail when retail is all on the same side of the same trade no matter what institutional money flows doing all I know is not a slam dunk hopefully I'm wrong I would love to see Tesla completely go bananas and start tackling higher levels because again there's no better feeling no stock hits better than when Tesla's on a runaway train and hopefully we'll see what happens tomorrow but again you know we're always preparing on both sides of the market we don't need a bull market all I need is ranges and if one range confirms that's all I am asking for guys God bless everybody actually tomorrow there is no video tomorrow Thursday or tomorrow's Wednesday I'm sorry tomorrow's Wednesday there is a video tomorrow so tomorrow we will see where we are in about 24 hours where their earnings are and we'll see what our thought process going forward guys God bless I will see you all tomorrow take


So this is Dr. Michael Greger coming to you live from my treadmill to give you live Q&As every month and this month it is right now. I just finished a Facebook live at noon and now I'm here to finish up any other questions you may have. And so every month I do this and so we'll be answering questions the next half an hour. For those of you who are unfamiliar with my work, every year I read through every issue of every English and English nutrition journal in the world so busy folks like you don't have to. Then I compile the most interesting, most groundbreaking, most practical, finest new videos and articles I upload every day to my non-profit site nutritionfacts.org, everything on the website is free. There are no ads, no commercial sponsorships strictly, no corporate sponsorships strictly non-commercial, not selling anything just putting it up as a public service as a labor of love as a tribute to my grandmother which is the reason I do all the work that I do as a reason I became a doctor in the first place. All right let's get to your questions here I see they are pouring in, should I start why don't I start at the top because then that's only fair to the people who came here first and posted right oh do they go up or down okay hold on it doesn't look like I can go all the way to the top that's crazy okay as far as I can go is how man they're moving quick okay Richard asks is there any research damn okay I must Joey asks what are your thoughts on a potato only diet I think a potato only diet could lead to vitamin A deficiency in your eyes could melt out of your eye sockets don't do it now of course if you eat sweet potatoes then that wouldn't be a problem but I wouldn't recommend eating only one food of any kind we should eat a diversity of food and so sweet potatoes are fantastic I would just eat other wonderful foods too all right Eliza asks is there any evidence backing of the health claims around pink Himalayan sea salt over sea salt pink Himalayan salt is a marketing ploy to rip off gullible folks Himalayan sea salt is as bad or worse if there's any toxic metals then regular salt and regular salt is bad the number one risk factor for death in the world is high blood pressure so if you want to cut down a certain intake I recommend getting down to the American Heart Association recommendation of 1500 milligrams a day and to do that you have to pretty much eliminate processed foods and added salt and it doesn't matter if it's Himalayan or not if it's pink or not Sydney asks is coffee a few times a week okay I talk about coffee in my chapters and how not to die on my liver chapter Alzheimer's chapter Parkinson's chapter and so coffee may actually be beneficial for the mind lung excuse me mind brain and liver decreasing risk of liver disease coffee drinkers do tend to live a little longer than non- coffee drinkers but the coffee can also is not for everybody coffee can increase GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease so if you have absolute reflux it can lead it can contribute to bone loss because it can worsen glaucoma what else urinary incontinence so I mean there are some conditions for which you shouldn't be drinking coffee but bottom line is I don't recommend coffee why because every cup of coffee is a lost opportunity to drink something even healthier who's a cup of green tea so I recommend the healthiest three healthiest beverages are number one water number two green tea or white tea better and then hibiscus tea was an herbal tea which can actually decrease we're just talking about high blood pressure actually decrease blood pressure on the border of what many kind of first-line diuretic drugs can do but without the side effects in fact only good side effects if it seems like I'm skipping around with the questions it's not because I'm picking them out I start reading them before I even see what the question is it's just that the question scrolls moves so quick I just have to jump right in because otherwise I lose the question and I can't finish it okay so Houston Marsh asked do the probiotics and pickles outweigh the problems called caused by salt that there shouldn't well I mean commercial pickles don't have probiotics because they're anything in a jar is pasteurized is I mean they have to expose it to boiling temperatures to kind of seal it off you know that pop when you get from the jar that's because they you know anyway but if you can actually get in like a refrigerated section of a health food store you can actually get real fermented foods that's they have to be refrigerated because otherwise it'll go bad unlike pickles in the jar and they do have probiotics unfortunately they also have lots of salt which we just talked about why because salt actually keeps the bad bugs from growing and facilities to growth of the good bacteria that can survive the high salt environment like lactobacillus but where did that lactobacillus come from the first place where did you know you know when people think you make sauerkraut you like okay take some cabbage and then you add some kind of starter or something no the lactobacillus bacteria are present on the cabbage leaves in the field when you pick it and all you do when you dunk it in salt water is that you prevent the growth of some of the rotting bacteria and the lactobacillus grow but it's right there so by eating raw fruits and vegetables we can get the best of both worlds probiotics the good bacteria they're sitting on the veggies and the pre-biotics the fiber resistance starts that are good bacteria eat otherwise we are starving our microbial self which is not a good thing and so but I would stay away from these kind of fermented foods because the salt intake this reason that Korea has the highest stomach cancer rates in the world it's because kimchi is kind of a national food and the second highest stomach cancer rates in the world is Japan they also eat a lot of dried salted fish and preserved vegetables and in fact Japan refused to publish how not to die unless I added an extra chapter you know in the most versions I have the top 15 killers chapters I used to the top 15 killers well one of the top killers in Japan is stomach cancer and so they won the chapter on stomach cancer so I had to do a special chapter just for the Japanese version and basically told everyone to cut down on salt so it's not just high blood pressure but also the gastric irritation the stomach lining irritation can increase one's risk of stomach cancer and you can do interventional studies where you show someone eats something like a fermented vegetable you can see you can do stomach biopsies serial stomach biopsies day after day as you see the damage that's being done the inflammation that could eventually lead to cancer all right Olaf asks as electric pressure cookers recently became popular I was wondering if I consider pressure cooking is a good cooking method I have one of those electric pressure cookers is because I stayed at the house of somebody who had one and was so impressed that I got one what do I do with it I cook beans so I think in the book I talk about how I eat canned beans because they're so convenient that's awesome and so you stay away from BPA lined canned beans you stay away from salt added canned beans but and saying you know yeah cooking beans from scratch is cheaper a few cents as opposed to a few dozens of cents per serving but it turns out that it's super easy with a electron electric pressure cooker put beans in and you press a button and you walk away and the house doesn't burn down and you can get videos done and everything cooks and how cool is that um so I mean you can make like you know still cut oatmeal in just a few minutes in fact even better than still cut oatmeal actually whole oats themselves which are what is you know either sliced in half to make still cut or rolled to make rolled oats you actually get the growths themselves super easy to cook and electric pressure cooker I have become a big fan in fact the only thing I am sad about is that I bought like the smaller one and thinking back I said oh I should have got the big one because I like making big batches of food all right Daniel asks can a change in diet reverse atrial fibrillation and do people who and do I know people who successfully did it um so there are dietary approaches to preventing atrial fibrillation so for example things you can do after oh you know bypass surgery to decrease your risk of atrial fibrillation including dietary purchase but there's a once you already have it getting rid of it I don't think there's any interventional trials that I know about um but I will look into it if I find anything I will do a video about it thank you for that question all right um Samuel asks what is the best supplement for Hashimoto's thyroiditis um and uh I don't know of a particular supplement that would help um with any autoimmune disease um well turmeric I guess for some but hasn't been tested for Hashimoto's so I don't think there is a a magic bullet supplement for Hashimoto's in fact there's few magic bullet supplements for anything though vitamin D can certainly have some effects um have we seen in randomized double blind placebo controlled trials and I have a bunch of videos on what vitamin D can do one of the few supplements actually shown to extend lifespan not just associated with greater lifespan but you actually randomized people vitamin D and placebo those take vitamin D pills live longer and have lower uh of a variety of check out the videos but that's very rare it's very unusual that a pill can actually have those kind of effects in uh in terms of a supplement all right is there any specific diet as Jennifer Stone um to prevent treat or heal ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease absolutely obviously haven't typed in ulcerative colitis or Crohn's into nutrition facts.org and I've got a bunch of videos on both prevention and treatment in fact it's not just uh plant-based ice can be used to use as a treatment but actually the most effective treatment um so I believe there's 90 percent remission rates two years out that's really extraordinary by a team of Japanese researchers uh check it out just type in Crohn's into nutrition facts.org all right vegan renegade asks probiotics with antibiotics actually wasn't a question just those three words um uh presuming the question is should one take probiotics with antibiotics ideally not take antibiotics in the first place unless you really need it but you want to make sure that's the case for many common uses of antibiotics as childhood most childhood ear infections and bronchitis and stuff actually don't need antibiotics actually do more harm than good but if you do have to take antibiotics there are certain circumstances where probiotics would help um but um so for example antibiotic induced um diarrhea probiotics can indeed be effective in treating Travis asks says that his bowel movements are so big not to brag but Trevor Travis you see Travis bowel movements so big from all the fiber it's stretching and cracking bleeding okay um okay um the size of the bowel movements is is I mean we're looking for its consistency I mean eating lots of fiber rich foods and enough water you should have large bowel movements but they shouldn't be large in diameter they should be large in volume they should be soft and squishy they should not be hard enough to stretch and crack and bleed if you are um then it does not sound like you're eating enough um uh the you know fiber rich foods and particularly fiber found the inside of the fiber found whole grains for example so if you're eating those wheat growths for example not wheat growth oatmeal oat growths well I guess wheat berries too um then that would be a good source um you know people have this sense oh I eat a lot I eat tons of fiber eat lots of fruits and vegetables but actually you know fruits and vegetables are water but 90% water um and so yes there's fiber but and you know but there's just a you know a few grams here or there if you want fiber fiber then it's legumes and whole grains um bean split peas chickpeas lentils whole grains that's where you get lots of fiber um and that should soften large soft bowel movements that's that's what we're looking for actually um asks arsonic and rice question mark question mark question mark um indeed so just recently on social media I made this recommendation for people to cut down the right rice consumption and if you go back um I've got really ancient videos like a decade ago 2008 I think it's the last videos I did in arsonic and rice men this um but there's just been a tremendous amount of research done since then um about 200 papers published um and so it was definitely time to go back and so I just scripted 13 new videos on arsonic and rice and there you're gonna it's gonna be so much arsonic and rice videos you're gonna get sick of it but there's just that much really good information in terms of which rice is the lowest arsonic is it short grain medium grain whole grain brown versus white conventional organic you uh you know south central us rice arkansas texas rice versus california rice versus india pakistan chinese rice red rice black rice um you know infant rice cereal rice pasta there's all sorts of um really um uh good data out there and so but basically I didn't want to wait until the videos came out because I thought it was a kind of a it was critical information so that's what I use um social media for so I encourage people to you know follow me on facebook or twitter etc and then something comes out like oh wow people with Crohn's disease shouldn't be in nutritional yeast wow okay here's the video but the video still has to be you know recorded and and it won't be on the on the website for weeks but people should know right now um and so anything like that where something changes um that could change your dating habits I make sure to get it out of social media and then of course don't believe me just because I say it um I'm just saying look the video's coming well I'll actually show you the science you can make up your own mind so the same thing happened with arsenic and rice um see traditionally uh the uh the the recommendations as to how much rice is too much given the arsenic content particularly of south central rice arkansas texas rice why because of decades of arsenic contained pesticides using the cotton fields to kill off the bull weevil and so we soaked arkansas with these arsenic containing pesticides and then king cotton is no more so what do we do we grow rice patties in that same area and sucks up the arsenic and so that's why it has about twice as much arsenic as california rice um and not to mention the arsenic containing drugs given to chickens by literally the hundreds of thousands of pounds um and then the arsenic um and then the chicken manure is used in the in the rice patty and then the there's all sorts of reasons okay but the bottom line is given the amount of arsenic rice what can we do to decrease our risk there's a number of things we can do um well so um so for example consumer reports uh came out with a number of exposes and said you shouldn't eat more than two servings of rice a week um and you know kids shouldn't be drinking rice milk adults half a cup of rice milk um uh day at most day at most maybe a week at most i have to look at it again but i remember the rice two servings of rice max now and so it's like okay but then but that was based on the water standards um so the epa said uh standard is for 10 parts per billion of arsenic and assuming that you drink like a liter a day like four cups of water a day and so 10 is kind of the the max and so then you can find out how much arsenic is rice and then you can say oh okay two servings and then you're like well hey if you boil rice like pasta and then drain off the excess water i'm instead of cutting you know cooking it until dry and rice cook or something you actually can get rid of up to 60 percent you can get rid of 40 cooking in a 6 to 1 water to rice ratio you can get rid of 60 cooking in a 10 to 1 water ratio um so that cuts it down so wait a second if you just cut it in half then instead of consumer reports two can't we get four and then if we get like you know California rice um can we that has half the arsenic can we get it even lower so can you have like eight servings a week um and so look then that's a serving a day what's the big deal the problem is the water standards the water standards are not based on uh it's basically on economics and technical uh technological feasibility not based on safety so carcinogens typically the way the acceptable cancer risk is one in a million one in a million excess uh cancer cases in terms of uh lifetime cancer risk so some company wants to put out a new chemical basically the regulatory agency says okay well you show me that it doesn't cause more than one in a million extra cancer cases now you say wait a second there's 300 million people in this country you know what about that 300 what about the hundreds of people that are going to get cancer because of your new chemical you say well look you got to make a cut off somewhere and uh they kind of commonly accepted acceptable tolerable uh level of cancer risk is one in a million okay excess cases all right um and so I just assume well that's what the water standard was for arsenic but no that's because it's actually impossible to get um arsenic and water that low you can really only get it down to like um uh three parts of billion is kind of technological feasibility so wasting why is it up at ten actually if you wanted to get it down to one in a million you'd have to be at 0.02 parts per billion so basically um the the standard for arsenic and water is hundreds of times greater than we'd accept cancer risk anything else so it's like one in 10,000 risks is hundred times more even 300 times more risk than we've except from any other carcinogen and the reason is is because it's just really hard to get arsenic out of water and the reason it's not down at least to five which is the New Jersey Standard the most strictest standard in the world I'm excited to say go New Jersey um but it's just it costs money um and uh so there's kind of that kind of burn so it's cost benefit now so of course they don't tell anybody this um but so but sticking so but that that white water aside the rice you don't use the water stand because the water stand is 300 times two lacks um and so you so wait a second um then uh then um basically the bottom line is I think all processed rice products like rice milk white rice um rice uh uh you know uh these junk food like that has organic brown rice syrup like granola bars and stuff and these like energy blocks that athletes eat um instead of being yellow light foods because their processed plant food should be red light foods so instead of telling people to moderate their to minimize their consumption encourage people to avoid those foods and there's rooms of brown rice um which would normally be a green light food because it's whole plant food meaning maximize consumption the question is does one move it to yellow light minimize or to red light avoid and that um as far as I'm concerned is based on how much you like rice if you really like rice um then there's things you can do to decrease your consumption choose the low rice arsenic you can cook it in a certain way you can minimize your intake um to serving to a week like the like the like the consumer report says but um that would still expose you to 100 times uh you know more arsenic than you may want to be putting your diet based on typical acceptable uh cancer risk standards and there's all sorts of non-cancer risks associated with arsenic which I get into I mean there's actually people like with celiac disease with lots of rice because I cut out wheat barley right they actually get arsenic poisoning they actually not just like theoretical long-term cancer risk but I should get sick right now because you're getting too much arsenic because you're eating too much rice so particularly for people who eat macrobiotic diets or eat a lot a lot of rice is really important cut down your consumption for people that don't care either way what kind of whole intact grain they're getting they don't care if they're eating quinoa or rice it doesn't matter to them then eat the quinoa because other grains have 10 times less arsenic um and so encourage people to switch if it doesn't make much difference so that would effectively moving it into the red light region boy that was a lot sorry about taking all that time but it's important and there will be 13 videos oh and it's so hilarious with the rice industry responses you won't believe it or actually you will believe it if you've followed any corporate hijinks on nutrition facts dot org whoo okay alex asks does living on plant-based diet decrease risk of dvt oh um deep vein thrombosis um uh uh that's a good question um i do have a bunch of videos topic talking about uh um uh talking about um homo hemo rheology basically that's the study of the flowability of blood and the fact that um eating different foods can have on it um which can increase risk for a bunch of kind of rhombotic events whether it's a heart attack most types of stroke or something like dvt um so i'm gonna have a bunch of videos about that i'm trying to remember bottom line it's been tested an interventional study i'm not sure um but uh let me look but but um definitely uh know that i've got a bunch of videos coming up on dvt but it's gonna be a while because that's a huge folder my heart disease folder just keeps getting bigger and bigger Sergio asks us do you change your mind about eggs being advertised as health and nutritious or safe and why and no so um i have this hilarious video one of my favorite videos i did this free information act um uh request um about uh the hijinks from the egg industry um and uh and got all this internal communications uh from the you know the the poultry people at the usda telling the egg industry no you can't say eggs are healthy can't say they're nutritious oh my god can't even say they're safe because of seminal poisoning because the amount of cholesterol they have not to mention saturated fat you can't get me you can't call it you can't legally call it using american eggboard money why because that's um that's uh overseen by the federal government so if you're doing something with the tens of millions of dollars at the time to promote eggs in this country then under the auspices of federal government you cannot do things illegally i mean you can't say things aren't true now if you want to run an ad with your own money not american eggboard money but just some company then you can say anything you want you can say whatever you want cigarettes are good for you eggs are good for you um but if you actually want to use american eggboard money you still cannot say they are healthy nutritious nor safe um because there's uh you know the ftc there's there's you know otherwise false misleading okay jordan asks will juicing our greens help us to meet the minimum servings of vegetables a day um or will the reduction in fiber lower the serving count so yeah i probably wouldn't consume um yeah so when i recommend that you should eat i think my uh recommendation is free servings a day of darkening the few vegetables one of which should be cruciferous if i remember my own daily dozen recommendations um i'm assuming you're eating the whole vegetables not throwing away the fiber and so um so what i'd recommend blending your vegetables just wait a second how do you do that so um oh i wish i i think i have the jar back over there can you see it um anyway i shouldn't share my dirty dishes but um is uh what i uh my latest favorite drink is this v12 smoothie which is um basically it's like v8 juice but instead of like carrot juice and parsley juice i just put in a whole carrot whole thing of parsley you know whole celery uh turmeric root um bell pepper you know all this stuff um and you put it in with mice and you blend it up and it's bright green of course but then you get all these amazing vegetables and you didn't lose anything so that's it so it's better to blend than juice um same thing with fruit but uh i didn't think you could do with vegetable stew but you did it all again um and it's delicious so it's kind of a savory green smoothie i supposed to a sweet green smoothie all right libertarian liz asks i just got some spinach and broccoli how long should they sit before you put them to cook 45 minutes um or um cook them right now and then add to the cooked spinach broccoli um some raw cruciferous so add some uh raw add a little rugal or some raw broccoli or something or add mustard powder which is a raw cruciferous vegetable and doesn't matter about the spinach spinach is not a cruciferous vegetable so you can it doesn't matter how you cook it chop it um you're not going to get any sulforaphane either way but for the broccoli you should use the uh the the weight technique or the second strategy for maximizing proper broccoli um sulforaphane production and you say what am i talking about um just type in second strategy and some nutrition facts that are in my videos will pop up and give me more details all right balanas is lean chicken breast really that bad um uh well foods are not bad or good they are better or worse and so it depends what you'd be eating the chicken breast instead of and so if you ate the chicken breast instead of eating a hot dog then that would actually be helpful a helpful choice but if you're eating chicken breast compared to you know uh the you know uh i don't know uh there's some bean burrito or something then no absolutely not it would have more uh saturated fat less fiber and have all the problems associated with consumption animal protein and everything um that i talk about so um uh i would uh so uh is it really that bad compared to what compared to most compared to most whole plant foods it really is that bad compared to processed meat no not bad at all those are better choices um all right bernard the disappointed owl asks how long does sulfur fane last in the fridge um i i i'm sure the sulfur fane will last as long as that vegetable does i think the vegetable will go down before sulfur fane so i wouldn't worry about it the dark emperor of memes asks what are the best ways oh i'm out of time but okay what are the best ways to prevent infections with diet the best way to prevent not get infected in the first place so uh you wash your fruits and vegetables under running water um and you stay away from uh you know foods that um are associated with the most increased risk of the worst uh foodborne diseases like salmonella which hospitalizes and kills more than any other of foodborne bacteria and so that's um so we're talking about you know bugs like campylobacter salmonella found predominantly in poultry and you say who eats undercooked poultry is notice the cross-contamination it's the fact that um before that uh you know fresh or frozen chicken makes it into the pod um you're exposing comic kitchen surfaces to these bugs which can then transfer to other foods or your hands or utensils or something or dishcloth and then infect other foods and that's why um there's just millions of of uh foodborne infections every year caused by bugs that are totally destroyed by cooking that's because of cross-contamination issues and so i would uh i would be very careful about you know having someone's raw chicken dripping onto your broccoli one shelf down if your roommate is making less than helpful choices thank you so much everybody see you next month at my next live q&a's subscribe to find out when the times are have a wonderful day


Hi, this is Rob from Jack's Abbey here at my friend Joe from One Mighty Mill and this is another episode of Shipping Out. All right, why don't you tell me what you do and what is One Mighty Mill? We're not big on titles here, but technically my title is COO. Basically everything that's not making the product itself or selling it to a retailer. So why don't you let me know what makes One Mighty Mill so special? We obviously source the grains ourselves. We mill the flour ourselves. We're milling very slowly, so we're producing maybe 200 pounds an hour. Our product never gets above 90 degrees. There's no degradation of the nutrients that we're, you know, we put all this good stuff into the mill. We want it all to come back out, right? We have a high extraction product. So we put the weeberry in. About 88% of that is coming into our flour that we're using for the product unless it's 100% whole grain flour. Typical all-purpose flour is anywhere from like 65 to 75% extraction. Big difference. So we're about 20 to 25% greater putting all that stuff back in. Even though it limits the shelf life of our actual flour, it just increases the taste by exponentially. Lutrient. Yeah, it's just so much better for you, but it also just tastes so much better. A lot of the times we're actually on site with our co-manufacturing partners, baking products with them, bagels, breads, tortillas, pretzels, you name it, we can make it. You're creating everything from the flour to the finished product in your business here. So what's it like running that type of business? It's difficult, but it's also exciting because we get to control all the different parts of our business. And that's a big deal for us because we're super focused on quality. We think it's the best product out there. Everything I've tasted here or from the shelf is absolutely spectacular. What are you most excited about in the future for business?  You know, it opens up a lot of opportunities for our employees. A lot of them have been with us for a long time. What we're really excited about is bringing our products to the consumer. I think we have a really excellent product that's not only better tasting, but also better for you. Fresh mills, flour, products should be in everybody's grocery cart. I'd love to hear that. That's super special. It's why we tell these stories. Jared, thank you so much for sitting down with me today. Appreciate the conversation. Thank you so much.


The discovery of estrifluoromethyl diarosulfonium salts by Yagopolsky and his colleagues has led to the development of electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents which have become widely used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and material industries. These reagents have been further refined and commercialized by several groups including Omomoto, Shreve, Adachi, Magner, Tani, and Shibata. The development of these reagents has allowed for the efficient and reliable trifluoromethylation of thiophenols, resulting in a wide range of applications.