Hello, my name is Eddie McGriff and I'm a regional extension agent with Alabama Extension and today is my guest I have Dr. Ron Smith. I'm a near left and Dr. Scott Graham. I'm a far left They're both cotton entomologists with Auburn and What we're not able to do is have face-to-face contact So we weren't able to do face-to-face with the Scout School What we plan to do is as we come along with a pest We're gonna do these YouTube videos. So I'm gonna turn it over to Ron and Scott in a minute and Just look forward to them going through the plant bugs today All right, let's talk about plant bugs. We're here about the middle of June in Cherokee County, Alabama with Eddie and doing some YouTube work Filming let's talk about kind of the story Plant bugs are gonna be the tarnished plant bugs gonna be the next pest that we probably need to focus on in cotton this year So let me kind of tell you how they get started the primary wild host Around Alabama is just a plant Daisy Fleabane So they've been on Daisy Fleabane now for one or two generations But it will be drying down here real soon or it already has in some areas of the state and when they do The adult plant bugs that's on the fleabane will look for another host and cotton is about the only good host that they have at that time So when they arrive in cotton in June, they do two things they feed on pinhead squares If a cotton has pinhead square stage if not, they'll actually feed in the terminals of young cotton this year I'm a little bit concerned that we're gonna have some cotton late planted that may still be in the Pre pre pinhead square stage. So they may feed in terminals, which causes crazy cotton But also what they do and what we don't pay enough attention to is they're depositing eggs in the stem of the plant During June when they move in the field and those eggs take about 10 days to hatch into a little small nymph And then it takes a nymph about another to 10 to 15 days to be an adult So right now we use sweep nets and we focus on the adults or threshold We'll let Scott talk about all that in a few minutes But as we approach blooming stage of cotton then we've had time for those eggs to hatch and move into immature So we change our focus after we get to first bloom and and we've got different thresholds different scouting techniques and so forth So in order to lie or post bloom then we'll be focused on the immature stage of the plant of the insect What about control? Well, we've got several things that and most of them work some of them have a plus or a minus and It right now we're targeting adults, so we've got two or three choices It's in our recommendation Acetaphates in there, but we've had so many spider might cause we really don't want to use that fate We've got bifenthrin Centric transform Now two of those will actually take out aphids We may be also see an aphids come into this next one the wind of the next couple weeks And so that's our choices once we get post bloom Bidrin comes back in as an additional choice and then we'll have the pyrethroids that will work to some degree on that But oh and I and I forgot Emeter clover is probably going to be the dominant thing that growers use here Pre-bloom and it will also be used some post bloom.  Maybe it never has been 60 to 80 percent depending on the rate to use, but it also control aphids So for one thing I'll talk about is sampling for plant bugs And when we sample the methods and the techniques that we use change as the cotton progresses throughout the season So while we're in the squaring season from Penn Head Square really to about first bloom We're primarily doing two things. We're looking at Square retention on the upper two or three nodes of the plant and we're also sampling with the sweet net Now the the square retention is important because that tells us how much damage are these tarnished plant bugs doing now And when we come back if we do make an application that tells us What level of protection did we get from that spray because as dr. Smith mentioned these plant bugs can move into the field at different times So sometimes Determining your efficacy from your insecticide application can be difficult if we're only looking at adult plant bugs in the field Our threshold is going to be eight ball eight adults per 25 sweeps While we're in the squaring season when we move later into the year We get to bloom as dr. Smith said then we're starting to look for immature plant bugs, which are Small green bugs that will move rather rapidly on the drop cloth We're at this point We're sampling with a black drop cloth between two rows and we vigorously shake each side of the road and count the Number of plant bugs on the on the sheet and at that point we're looking at three bugs per one drop is our threshold and Very important to stay ahead of of these immature plant bugs as dr. Smith said of the use of something like Novel urine diamond and insect growth regulator if we can time that With the influx of the adult plant bugs just prior to bloom or right out bloom And we can get good residual and try to keep the population beat down Until we get later in the season and we start shifting our focus on the other pests Scott and I will be putting out a lot of tweets and other information as we move into this plant bug Wanda and I will add one little thing to that It appears to me that in dry summers with the flea band dries down very rapidly We get a big movement in a short period of time That's really kind of easy in a way because you it's easy to tell when you need to spray if you've got a lot of them in the field Over a short period of time, but in wet springs wet june's the flea band will stay fresh a little longer Say gradually drift over from flea band into cotton That's a lot harder to to determine the threshold when you got a gradual movement rather than a short-term movement


Good morning Hank, it's Tuesday. Today I want to talk about death and how to avoid it. Also, there will be a signing update at the end of this video, but first, death. So the other day I dropped my kids off at camp, and as I was helping them out of the car, one of them sneezed directly onto my hands. And then as I was driving home, I could literally feel like the gross aerosolized cold virus spit drying on my hands. So I opened up the center console and started looking around for some Purell in there, and that was a tremendous and potentially fatal miscalculation. So I talk a lot about how human life is getting better, and in almost every way it really is, we are healthier, more prosperous, and less likely to die from violence than at any point in human history. But there are a few ways that human life is actually getting worse, like wealth inequality, for instance, has been growing, although it's still low by historical standards. And that's bad especially for the poor, but also for the whole social order, because it inhibits overall economic growth and socioeconomic mobility. And then we have the so-called preventable death rate here in the United States. These are deaths that could be prevented with existing technology by reducing medical errors, or getting people to quit smoking, etc. Between 2010 and 2014, overall preventable deaths in the U.S. decreased, but preventable deaths by so-called unintentional injury increased by 23%, which is a lot. So what's going on? Well, as you can see here, there are three big reasons. First, falls, which is going up mostly because the population of the United States is getting older and older people are far more likely to die from falling. And then there is poisoning, which is almost entirely drug overdoses. So back in 1992, Americans were more than three times as likely to be murdered than they were to die of drug overdoses. But today, Americans are more than three times as likely to die of drug overdoses than they are to be murdered. That's partly because homicide rates have fallen by almost 40%, but mostly because drug overdoses are skyrocketing. Drug overdoses are now the leading cause of death for Americans under the age of 50. Now, the drug abuse crisis in the United States is very complex. There's a great healthcare triage series about it that I will link to in the doobly-doo below. But what's clear is that what we are doing about the substance abuse crisis is woefully inadequate. And I just want to take a quick moment here to say to anyone out there living with substance abuse, you are valuable and deserve to be loved and supported and to be well, and there are lots of people who live wonderful lives in recovery. I know there are not enough options for treatment, but I hope you will seek help today. I've put some resources in the doobly-doo below. Okay, so lastly we have motor vehicle accidents, which brings me back to my Purell miscalculation. The overall death rate from car accidents has fallen a lot since 1975 with improvements to car safety, but in 2015 it actually rose by 7%. Some of that is probably attributable to more miles being driven as the economy continued to improve, but most of it is because of distracted driving. Too many of us are using our phones while we drive or playing Pokemon Go or reaching for Purell. I didn't get in a car accident while trying to find that Purell, just as most of the time people don't get in car accidents when they text while driving, but I nonetheless dramatically increased my risk of dying and also my risk of killing someone else far more than whatever infinitesimal risk I have as a result of the cold virus on my hands. So I'm making this video mostly as a reminder to myself, when I am driving, the greatest threat to my health and well-being by far is not whatever text I just received or whatever spit is drying on my hands. It's inattentive driving. Alright, sorry if that sounded like a long PSA. It's just there's so few things in life that we can actually fix, and this is one of them. Signing update. I have about 34,000 copies to go. That's about 68 hours of signing, which I think is doable. Also, I am told that Amazon will soon run out of their allotment of signed copies of Turtles all the way down. Don't worry, there will still be tons of signed copies at bookstores all over the US and Canada, and you can always stay up to date on how to get a probably signed copy at probablysignedturtles.com. But if you want to get one from Amazon now is probably the time links in the doobly-doo below. Hank, you will see me actually on Thursday because Esther Day.


So a few months ago, I made a video about native email clients on Linux and my basic question in that video was where were all the good ones and My conclusion was that there weren't really any good ones, but that neo mutt seemed to be the one that I was kind of leaning towards as being my Daily driver. It's the one that I use the most often and it was Good enough for what I really needed it to do since then I've been back and forth between using neo mutt and using things like Thunderbird and a couple other ones and I've reached my limit. I've reached the point where I Cannot stomach native email clients on Linux anymore They're all just universally bad when it comes to something now that doesn't mean they're overall like really really bad Like horrible crashy pieces of software. That's not true But they all have peculiarities or things that are just not good about them. So for example Thunderbird Thunderbird is made by Mozilla and You think because they make a browser that they would at least be able to make a functioning email client, but Not really so while Thunderbird works and it works just fine It also takes up an ungodly amount of memory now Normally, I'm not a big t-totaler when it comes to System resources like I will happily use as many as I possibly can I have 64 gigabytes of memory and I have a fast processor and a fairly decent graphics card, so Use them they're there to be used But when a email client which is just sitting there in the background not doing anything other than perhaps running a Get email command every 15 minutes or something Takes up seven or eight gigabytes of memory. There's obviously something wrong and I don't like it like I don't want my email client to take up that much in resources a couple gigabytes Fine, whatever still seems to be a little overkill, but seven or eight. No Obviously there's a bug there somewhere. I Don't know why I went all prior right there. I don't know But anyway, the just obviously something is wrong in that situation, so You probably are asking well, Matt. Why don't you just stick with Neomutt? Well, the thing is is that Neomutt despite how amazing it is and How much it appeals to the nerd in me? It's not Usable with the way email works in today's Time-frame every email that you get has HTML in it and they all have pictures and all this stuff and well There are workarounds to view that kind of stuff in mutt It's not great It still gives you a lot of stuff that you have to click on a link in order to go see and I don't want to have to Click on a link in my email ever and I say absolutely have to especially not to feel something stupid like an image or something I don't want to have to do that. So mutt was a really good option for email when everything was text-based Now it's not so much a solution that you can get by with if you get a lot of email that is formatted in HTML And unfortunately these days almost everything is so the other things that I had to consider Were that there are other options. So there are things like mail spring There are things like cause mail and evolution and Geary every single one of them have issues That just make it almost impossible for me to use them so Things like evolution does not work. Well without the genome key ring it won't work with any other key ring as far as I can be sure and That means that I almost have to install going on key ring And then there's conflicts between genome key ring and any other key ring that I happen to have installed It's not a great situation. So evolution is off the board Geary is just a little bit too simplistic for my taste and is entirely Too dependent on GTK stuff. So if I'm not using genome doesn't really look all that great It looks fine, but it's still you can tell that there's your thing mission missing and on top of that It doesn't really work all that great with Gmail. So I couldn't use that either and then there was just Probably a half a dozen other ones that I've tried over the last two or three years and none of them really We're able to be the application that I need them to be so I get hundreds of emails every day between the stuff I do for work for the channel things like that I just get a ton of email and I'm one of those guys I don't want to leave it all in my inbox So I almost constantly move the messages that I get where they need to go So I'm always doing email stuff and that is why I have my email clients sitting in the background all the time so I need a application that runs really well does the things that I need to do and Doesn't just hog every system resource the longer it runs I'm looking at you Thunderbird and it just doesn't appear that there is one So this is kind of a follow-up video to that video I did a few months ago where I was talking about the lack of good email clients I'm just done with it. I'm at the point now where I'm just going to use the gmail interface in a Firefox tab and Just call that my email experience. It's not what I want to do. I prefer a native email experience especially when I want to Download some of my email to my computer and have kind of like a local backup of that kind of stuff but like I said, there's just not an email client that doesn't have a fatal flaw and You know, I don't expect perfection. I really don't like it if Thunderbird didn't have this major memory leak I would probably just use Thunderbird because it does provide everything that I need to do The UI isn't too offensive. It has Damian capabilities. It worked pretty well But it has this major memory leak and it drives me bonkers. So for example, I left it running for my computer usually runs for two days before I do a reboot or a Shutdown and I left the Thunderbird running for those two days and at the end of the two days it was using nine gigabytes of RAM and That's not just a one-time thing. It was seven or eight at one point right now It is at four and I've only had my computer up now for like 16 hours. So Like that's not okay. Okay. It's just it's just not and the thing is it's not that surprising So Firefox had a memory leak ages and ages ago where it would just take gobs and gobs of system RAM And it would continue eating system RAM and tell ran out They did eventually fix that but now that now Firefox is doing something Even more stupid where they just keep spawning more and more processes more and more threads on your computer So earlier today, I counted them using vTOP Firefox was using over 300 threads on my computer Which I mean that seems like a lot, right? Especially I mean, it's not like I have 300 tabs open because I don't I have maybe 40 tabs open Which is still a lot, but it's not 300. So I don't understand what that wasn't the point of the video I'm just I'm in a very ranty mood today very anti Mozilla because I keep finding these problems with their Software and just like what is going on there? Why are you so greedy when it comes to memory fix this stuff? It shouldn't be That hard to do So at the end of the day, I think I found the thing that I'm most disappointed in when it comes to Linux and the software available to it the lack of good email clients is the most disappointed thing for me because like I said I want to use native email and I just can't because there's not any good clients and Despite looking for them over the last few months since I made that last video I haven't found a good one So if you know of a good email client that I maybe haven't tried leave that in the comment section below You can leave any other comments you have down there as well I love our conversations down there. You can follow me on Twitter at the next cast You can follow me on masses on our odyssey those things will be in the video description Just below the like button you can hit the like button and really seriously help out the channel So please do so you can support me on patreon at patreon comm slash Linux cast It's like all these five people if you want to support me for a year in advance. You can save 10% Thanks to everybody who does support me on patreon and YouTube you guys are all amazing people and the channel This would not be what it is without you guys and your support. So thank you so very much. Thanks everybody for watching


And the performance of Mr. Frank Lovejoy. Autolight hopes once again to keep you in... ...South Spence. Still got time to roll me a good smoke, can I? Are you saying hardly no time to be smoking cigarettes in? Anyone's in this, haven't we, Charlie? Maybe you have, but I have. If we make it to the woods, we'll make it. Some of us just work at that. Holding it and I won't fire. It seems like they blame the whole thing. It gives longer life, as pooled by tests. Can I steer today? I'll go borrow some of me from you. No, go ahead. Let's just next door and pizza. Any wonderful letters you wrote following my rectum, the old 97. Right you are, Frank. A thousand people who have invested the precision built to the ha...


Last time we talked about the filter method on arrays that allows you to throw away array elements that don't fulfill a predicate. Sometimes however, you're not really into throwing stuff away, but rather in whether there will be anything left at all after filtering. And for this very reason there's some and every. Let's say we have a form with a couple of mandatory input fields. Before submitting the form, we want to make sure that every mandatory field has a value in it. But surprise, we can use every here. Every only returns true when every element in the array fulfills the given predicate. Its counterpart is some, a method that returns true if there's at least one element in the array that fulfills the predicate. Let's say you have a couple of functions that validate address formats from different countries. In this scenario, all you are really interested in is if any of these validators say that the address given by the user is valid and not necessarily which of these validators is saying so. So keep every and some in mind whenever you use these words to describe a condition. In case you missed it, we already had one episode on Functional Array Methods in JavaScript last time, so if you missed that one, you should watch it over here. And if you want to know when the next episode comes out, you should subscribe to this channel so you can get notifications.


Few figures in American entertainment have earned the same admiration as the iconic Carol Burnett. A trailblazer in comedy and a recipient of numerous awards, she captivated audiences with her talent and infectious warmth. Throughout her successful career, Carol was also called some stunning places home, including a sprawling eight-acre estate in New Mexico and a sleek condo in Los Angeles. Carol Burnett started on TV in the early 1950s, a stepping stone that paved the way for her eventual rise to stardom. Her first significant TV appearance was on the Wancho Mahoney show, Children's TV program.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unisor Education. I would like to talk a little bit more about refraction of light, primarily from the viewpoint of Huygens' principle, which we have discussed in the previous lecture. Now, this lecture is part of the course called Physics for Teens, presented on Unisor.com. Well, actually this course is the second one. There is a mass for teens, which is definitely a mandatory knowledge to study physics. So, I do recommend you to familiarize yourself with whatever topics mass for teens contains before you go to physics for teens, or maybe from any other source. It doesn't really matter what the source of your knowledge is. Now, this is a lecture. It's part of the lectures dedicated to properties of light. In this particular case, we are talking about phenomena of light, if you wish. Well, just a nice word I would like to. Okay, so, we talk about refraction. It's not the first time we discuss this particular topic. And the previous time, talking about just general properties of light, we discuss something which is called the Fermat's principle of least time. So, when the ray of light goes to some kind of a substance from, let's say, from air to glass, it changes the direction. And according to Fermat's principle, this is the trajectory when the light can reach from this to this in least amount of time. Because if you will go along the straight line, you see this piece, which is in the glass, considering the speed of light is greater in the air than in the glass. So, look what happens in this particular case. We are spending less time in the air, but greater time in the glass when we go straight. And apparently, if you will do calculations, which we did in that particular lecture, you will find out that actually there is a connection between these two angles, angle of incident and angle of refraction. And the relationship is their sinuses are related as speeds of light in these corresponding substances. So, this angle is greater than this because the speed in the air is greater than speed in the glass. Or we introduce something which is called refraction index, which is the ratio of the speed of light in the vacuum divided by the speed of light in a particular substance. So, the less speed of light in the substance corresponds to a greater refraction index of refraction. So, in this particular case, that would be N2 divided by N1. Or, if you wish, N1 times sin theta1 is equal to N2 times sin theta2. So, these are the laws of refraction which we have derived from Fermat's principle of least time. So, this is the least time trajectory of light. And we came up to these formulas analytically just based on minimization of the time. Now, I would like to approach exactly the same problem using the Huygens principle. Now, here is kind of philosophical consideration. Fermat just came up with this principle. Now, why is it right? Well, obviously, we can say that experiments actually confirm that this is kind of correct. But if we have some other principle, also reasonable. Now, Fermat's principle is reasonable. That's why we accepted it. Now, the Huygens principle is also a principle which we just accept, because it looks like it corresponds to experiments. But it would be nice if the results are the same. And that's what this particular lecture is about. We will approach the same problem from the position of Huygens principle, and we will come up with the same result. Okay, we got our aim. Let's try to do it. Now, when we talk about Huygens principle, we usually talk about the wave front. So, what is the wave front? Well, let me just say it again. If you have certain rays of light which are coming from either flat surface, or if it's a point as a surface, then it would be spherical. So, these are surfaces which the light reaches at the same time. Because light is actually propagating. Now, in this particular case, it's a spherical propagation. In this particular case, it's a flat plane propagation. But in any case, there is certain speed of light. And the wave front is when the same crest, let's say, of the wave, which basically describes the light, it transfers oscillations of electromagnetic field. So, whenever, let's say, the crest is reaching certain point. So, basically, when we are talking about the surface to which all the rays are coming at the same time, that is the wave front. In this case, it's spherical. In this case, it's flat plane. So, we are talking about the wave fronts. Now, when we consider the refraction as before, we were talking about only one particular ray of light. Now, since we are talking about wave front, and the principle, Huygens principle actually is talking about how to derive the next wave of front, if you have the previous wave of front. Then we talk about more than one ray, actually, because it's the whole wave. Now, let me just remind how Huygens suggested that the propagation of light happens. Well, let's say we have a wave front which has reached this particular surface. But he's talking about that at time t plus delta t. Now, from each point where the light has reached on the wave front, in this case, it's a flat plane. Maybe it's spherical. Maybe it's something else. So, from each point, we have to really build some kind of a circle, the radius of which is equal to speed of light times the delta t time. So, and then we will take the line which is tangent to each of these circles. Well, it's basically called envelope line, envelope surface in this particular case. So, we are talking about right now, this is a section, two-dimensional section of the three-dimensional picture. So, the surface which is tangent to all these circles. Now, if this is one particular kind of environment, then speed is the same for each point. Time is also the same, so the radius is the same. So, the surface which is enveloping all these circles, well, not circles, spheres I should really say, because it's three-dimensional world. So, the surface which envelopes all these spheres of the same radius with a center and the same flat plane will be another flat plane and the distance will be v times delta t. Now, that's the principle, Huygens principle, which we would like to approach when we are analyzing the refraction. But in this case it would be a refraction of the whole wave front. So, we have more than one ray of light. So, let's just consider that this is the first ray and this is the last ray from some kind of a, let's say we have a projector with a parabolic reflector. So, it's all parallel ray of lights and these are the boundaries. And it actually falls on incident angle to the surface which separates, let's say, hair and glass. Doesn't really matter what kind of substances, what's important is they are different. Let's say this one where speed would be faster and this one where the speed of light would be slower. So, what happens in this case? Well, obviously each ray will change the direction. I mean we will prove it, but basically we kind of assume that that's the case. Now, what's also important is if these are parallel and considering the condition this ray is falling on the surface, the same as this one, this one just be a little later, but the angle should be the same basically, right? So, if these are parallel, these will be parallel because the conditions of these two rays of lights are exactly the same. It's the boundary between two substances and the boundary is a flat plane we're assuming and this is the set of parallel lights. So, each ray should actually be refracted in the same way. But question is what kind of a way? So, whether this proportion between sinuses would be proportional to the speeds. Okay, that's what we are going to do. Now, at this particular moment, I would like to actually talk about one particular analogy. Let's consider you have a car, it has wheels and it comes to the boundary between, let's say, concrete and sand. Well, if it comes at an angle like the ray of light, what happens? This wheel will be on the sand earlier than this one. Now, whenever the wheel from concrete comes to sand, most likely it will slow down, right? So, what happens when this wheel will slow down at the point when it touches? This one is still going fast on the concrete and this one will go slower. Obviously, the car will turn a little bit and only at the moment when both wheels will be... Well, I should actually have four wheels, but it doesn't matter. When both sides will be completely on the sand it will be going along the straight line. But this straight line will not be the same angle at this surface, right? So, as the car is turning whenever one wheel is slowing down, same thing with this set of rays. This set of rays, this ray from this set is hitting before this one, this area where the light is propagating with a lesser speed. So, that's why we are just as an explanation why refraction actually happens. It's exactly the same as this. It's a very practical example. I think it's used in many different textbooks whenever they're talking about refraction. But what's important is to understand that this is natural, that the parallel rays, whenever one of them hits the surface where the light goes slower, will turn a little bit. Alright, so we understand kind of philosophical reason behind it. Let's talk about physics. Okay, for this we just have to start first with the front. What is the wave front? Well, whenever you have these parallel lights and we are assuming that they are coming from some kind of a projector, maybe with a parabolic reflector, so we have really parallel, synchronously going parallel lights. What is the wave front? Well, the wave front is perpendicular to their propagation. So I would like to draw the wave front which comes here. So it's perpendicular here and here, obviously. Alright? Okay, now, this is my TETA 1. This is my TETA 2. Alright, so right now we are talking only about pure physics and geometry. Okay? Now, let's call this point A and this point B. Now, I'm interested in two moments. Moment T A, let's call this ray A and this ray B. T A is a moment when the A ray touches the surface. T B is the moment when the B touches the surface. Obviously, it's later. T B is later than T A. Now, so delta T would be T B minus T A. So I'm interested in how the wave front will behave when the B will reach because this one will definitely be somewhere here by the time B will reach the surface the ray will be somewhere here already, right? So that's exactly my delta T is the time I need the time at T, this is T, initial time from T to delta T is the wave front will change the direction. T it was here. At T plus delta T it will be somewhere here where this is also at the right angle, obviously. So during this time it will... certain rays will be refracted but by the time the B will touch the surface all rays will be already in this direction. So that's why I need the wave front at the very end of this period. Okay, so let's say that during this period, during delta T period, so B will be at point B prime and A will be at point A prime. Now, let's say this distance is D. It's a fixed distance. This is the width of our set of rays. Now, what I would also like to do, I would like to find out how all intermediary rays between A and B will behave. So let's call another C and this would be letter C on the front at point T and this would be deviated. Okay, and this would be, let's say C prime and this would be C double prime. C prime is on the surface and C double prime on the new wave front. So obviously all the angles of refraction will be the same because as I was saying, all the conditions are the same. These rays are falling exactly the same way on the surface. The question is whether the line C prime, C double prime will be of the length proportional to A A prime because if all these are proportional then it will be a straight line which I probably assume it will be and that's what I would like to prove actually that that would be a straight line. So the wave front after refraction would be also flat basically perpendicular to the rays of light but we have to provide some kind of a proof that these are proportional to the distance. So let's assume this distance is X. So the whole distance is AB is D, AB is equal to B and BC is equal to X where X might be variable. So D is a fixed, that's the width of our set of rays and the X can be anything in between obviously from 0 to D. 0 when this ray is coincided with B and D if ray C coincides with ray A. Okay, so now we go to just play in arithmetic. So first let's just evaluate what is the distance from B to B prime? B B prime is equal to... Okay, now this is the distance the light goes during this time with the speed B1. So it's B1 times TV minus TA. Now in terms of incident angle TETA. Now this is TETA, now this is obviously TETA as well. TETA1. Why? Because these are perpendicular, these perpendicular to this and this is perpendicular to this. Yes, should be the same, right? Let me check. No, it's this one would be TETA1. This is 90 degree minus TETA1. But this one is also TETA1. Okay. Yes, this perpendicular to this and this perpendicular to this. Okay, so ABB prime is a triangle and we can say that BB prime is equal to what? AB times tangent of TETA1, right? Tangent is opposite to this calculus. So knowing that AB is equal to D, so that equals to D times tangent TETA1. From which we can derive TB minus TA is equal to D tangent TETA1 divided by B1. Okay. So these are known variables. We know the incident angle, we know the widths of the set of rays and we know the speed. So we know the time. During this time, exactly the same time, the ray A will go from A to A prime. So A A prime is equal to V2, the speed in the glass times the same time. D tangent TETA1 divided by V1. Okay. We have counted, we have calculated basically the length of A prime. Now, what is this ray? What is this particular distance? According to the Huygens principle, remember what we have to do. As soon as we reach certain point of the wave front, from this point we have to really make a sphere with the radius equal to speed times delta T. Okay. Delta T is basically this time by which B point will become B prime and A becomes A prime. So this is the radius of the sphere around point A where our proposed new wave front surface should actually touch. So whatever the surface, new wave front surface will be, it should be enveloping this sphere as well and all spheres in between. So let's just also make a similar calculation for a point C, which is on the distance X from B. And let's see what happens in this particular case. Well, let's find out the time Tc minus Ta. Tc is the time when ray C touches this particular thing. Okay. Now, the distance, this distance, can actually be calculated from the same similar triangle, ACC prime. And considering AC is equal to D minus X and from ACC prime, we see that Cc prime is equal to AC times tangent, which is D minus X times tangent delta 1 from which Tc minus Ta, which is this one, the distance between time of touching. So this is the time during which this particular ray C was travelling before hitting the point. Now, we would like to calculate again the radius. Well, this radius is the time times speed. Now, what is the time? The time should be equal to... One second, let me just think about it. So during the time, ray goes from point B to B prime. This ray goes from A to A prime. But this ray has two components. The first component, it went in the air with the speed V1. And the second component, it was with the speed V2. So we have to calculate them separately. So first, we know the distance between C to C prime. And we know the time from C to C double prime. So let's just calculate this distance. So first period of time from Tc to Ta, this time I have actually just determined. Now what I do need is the additional time, which is the whole delta T minus Tc minus Ta. It was travelling here, which is equal to Tb minus Tta minus Tc minus Ta, which is Tb minus Tc. Actually, I'm not exactly right. Yes, Tb minus Tc. So Tc is earlier and Tb is later. So that's okay. So this time it was actually travelling with the speed of V2. So that means that this particular distance, C prime C double prime is equal to, sorry, my voice, V2 times Tb minus Tc, which is equal to, okay, now since I know the Cc1, I know this is equal to Cc prime divided by V1, which is equal to D minus X tangent Tata1 So we know this and we know this. So if I will subtract from this, I will subtract this, what happens? From this I subtract this, so D tangent will be cancelled out and the result will be Tb minus Tc is equal to X tangent Tata1 divided by V1. If you subtract from this, you subtract this, D and tangent, denominator is the same and in denominator, tangent goes out so D will cancel out and only X will remain. So this is the time during which the light C, ray C, will travel this. So if I will multiply it by speed, it would be this, which is equal to X times tangent Tata1 divided by V1 and multiplied by V2. So this is the radius of the sphere from the point C prime. Now, let's just think about this formula. If my C coincides with A, X is equal to D and you see this formula and this formula are exactly the same. If X is equal to D, we have V2 multiplication, V1 is denominator and tangent Tata1. If C coincides with B, my X is equal to 0 and obviously this sphere is 0 because this is the point where we know that the wave front should go through. So as you see, it's proportional to the distance from ray C to ray B. So C can be like a variable. So whenever the variable is, whenever the variable X actually is, we have this radius proportional to this distance. Now, what does it mean? Well, it means that our line, which is surface would be a flat surface because if the radius of these spheres are proportional to the distance, to this distance or this distance, it doesn't really matter because it's all parallel lines. So proportionality gives us exactly the result that it would be in a section, it would be a straight line. Okay, so that's the most important part of it. Now, let's talk about the law of refraction. If we know this, we have one little trigonometric trick. What is, now this is my theta 2. Okay, fine. So what else is theta 2? This one? Yes, this one is also theta 2 because this is perpendicular to the ray and this is perpendicular to normal. And from the triangle A B prime, A prime, A B prime, A prime, what can we see? That the sinus, sin of theta 2, sin of this angle, is equal to opposite derivatives A A prime divided by A B prime. Right? The casualties divided by hypotenuse. Now, A A prime we know, which is this. So sin of theta 2 is equal to V2 D tangent theta 1 divided by V1 divided by A B prime. What is A B prime? A B prime is a hypotenuse. I know this distance, these casualties and an angle. So this angle divided by hypotenuse is equal to cosine. So hypotenuse is equal to... So instead of A B prime, I will put hypotenuse, which is D, divided by cosine of angle. So I will multiply it. Okay, divided in the denominator, I will put it in the numerator, which is equal to what? D is cancelling out. Tangent is sin divided by cosine and multiplied by cosine. So it would be only sin theta 1. From which, as you see, you have exactly the same fraction law that V2 divided by V1 is equal to sin theta 1 divided by sin. Exactly the same law. Or again, you can rewrite it as V1 divided by V2 is equal to sin theta 1 divided by sin theta 2. Or again, if you use the refraction index, index of refraction, refractive, whatever it's called, that would be, again, instead of V1, you can put C divided by N1. Instead of V2, you can put C divided by N2. And that would be sin divided by sin. Or 2 times sin theta 2 would be N1 times sin theta 1. In any case, all these are exactly equivalent and what's important is we have proven the refraction law of refraction, law of refraction, which we have derived using the Fermat's principle of least time, using the Huygens principle. So it actually, again, means that considering it's all actually corresponding to experimental facts, so it all actually brings us to the idea that those guys were smart. They came up with really good principles and obviously every principle has its draw points, has its negative sides. But nevertheless, whatever we know about universe is always an approximation. We don't know everything. But whatever we did know at the time when these two principles were introduced were really very, very good ideas and they allowed basically to theoretically understand certain things about light. Okay, so that's it. That's all I wanted to talk about today. Don't forget to read the notes for this lecture. Every lecture on this website has very detailed notes because it's like a textbook basically. But piece of the textbook, which is dedicated to the same material the lecture is. So lecture and notes are always together. Plus I put some better pictures than this one in the notes. So whenever you will read the notes you might actually have a better understanding of what's going on. And don't forget that analogy with a car. When the car goes with one wheel actually is reaching the sand earlier than another wheel, then the car will turn. I think it's very important to understand the principle of refraction. Other than that, you got it. Thank you very much and good luck.


Hey, Bolo Buddies. Thanks for watching. Okay. I have 32 bread and butter items. These are items that I sold on eBay for $35 or yes or less not or yes $35 or less I'm gonna tell you where I got it what I paid for it and what it sold for and by the way I'm Courtney also known as Bolo Buddies and I leave the bloopers because I don't have time to edit so You get the bloopers. All right, let's get started. Um Show you these Bolo's I'm gonna pull up my screen share first. I'm gonna show you the first item is this vintage play school dollhouse mom She sold for $12 and the buyer was all in with tax and shipping for $19 and 27 cents Now there are Fisher price and this one is actually play school They are a little bit different. If you find the Fisher price, those are the loving family I do not believe this is loving family, but when you look these up sometimes you will see that people call them that But I do not believe that they are on the back. I do believe it's on the back. I Think it says play school right across like the belted area there. Do you see that? Okay, so that's how you know it's play school and she's not in great condition.  She's a little faded And when I say dirty, I don't I don't know if it'll come off. It's stained I guess I should say so yeah 12 bucks plus shipping on that one And I just pick up these dolls at garage sales thrift stores wherever I see them I pick them up because they're easy to list and they usually so at a decent rate The next item I sold. Okay. Now this one is a Fisher price loving family see his foot It says fp and they are dated so this guy is vintage and he I think he is I didn't put the date I normally put vintage and the date Let me see. Yeah, he's from 1994 and he sold for $14.40 and the buyer paid shipping The next item I sold is another cat meow item and this one is vintage from 1998 and it's like a billboard and this sold for Oh That's odd Huh, maybe I mixed up the order this sold for $11.99 and the buyer paid shipping They were all in for $17 and 32 cents Now these are American girl headbands. Yeah, I missed one Wonder which one I missed Avon international. I don't Avon and it went internationally Shucks, maybe it'll show up in another tab somewhere. Okay, so the headbands the American girl headbands came from a garage sale It was like a bulk buy of American girl stuff and I took a best offer of $14 on these and the buyer paid shipping And if you want to know how I get the background to go from this to this white I do have a video on that and you can check it out on my YouTube channel So $14 best offer all in for 1910 The next item I sold is this Boyd's frog. These are glass frogs. I have Maybe a handful left three four I have sold so many of these glass frogs the prices have ranged They were doing really good in the beginning and now I'm just getting more relaxed with what I'm taking I actually took a best offer on this one for $9 the buyer was all in for 14 77 The next item are these ERT L die cast trailers and I believe these came out of a mystery box or They were that garage sale tote I think these were a mystery box and I sold these for $15 and the buyer paid shipping Do you guys like it when I tell you what it sold for with tax and shipping or is it okay? If I just say the buyer paid shipping I've always done it where I just say buyer paid shipping But when I look at how different the number is when you add the shipping and tax I'm like wow like I would be getting so much more for my items if Shipping did not cost so much. It's crazy Okay, this me. I think it's pronounced MacCasa This is a Angel figurine. I cannot remember where I got this I can't remember if it came out of a mystery box It's not something that I feel like I would have picked up, but I could be wrong But I sold this for $19 and 99 cents and the buyer paid shipping So like that one the buyer was all in for $32 and 43 cents So does that interest you guys that might help people that do free shipping to know how to price their items I don't know. Let me know in the comments The next item I sold is this I Think it's Ives Roshir Roshir Roshir It's a jumbo eyeliner pencil and this sold for $10 and 50 cents and the buyer paid the shipping I picked this up in a bulk lot of makeup and perfume at a thrift store The next item I sold is this Lego a bionicle. This is set 8913 I sold this for a best offer of $27 and the buyer paid the shipping So at these right here, I don't know if you're familiar with these, but it actually shoots which is kind of cool The next item that sold is this long and burger pottery rectangle bowl like a snack dish I picked this up at a garage sale for 50 cents and it sold for a best offer of $25 plus shipping Just wanted to confirm Okay, the next item I sold are these two Barbies I sold these for $27 and 19 cents and the buyer paid shipping And they are in really great condition I they look to have their accessories no shoes But you know, they've got their bracelets and their earrings and stuff like that. So that helped The next item I sold is this abalone shell stretch bracelet It's beaded and then it has the abalone shell in the shape of a flower super cute Just a simple bracelet. This came out of my bulk buy 344 pounds of jewelry. I bought it on eBay to sell on eBay I do have a playlist that tells you how that happened. Definitely check it out The next item are these Pokemon figures I believe these were in a mystery box if I remember correctly and I sold these for $15.99 and The buyer paid shipping The next item are these ghost buster Legos I picked these up at a garage sale and I bought so much stuff from this garage sale So I probably have a dollar or less in this and I sold them for $14 best offer and the buyer paid shipping the next item, okay, so I bought some stuff on Facebook from someone and Typically what I do on Facebook is I find an item and then I ask them if they have anything else they want to sell And she's like, oh, well, I also have this and this and this and this and I ended up bundling everything together on a Facebook deal And I went and picked it up. So this was actually connected to a take-along house, but one of the oh What's it called when it opens and one of the hinges was missing So I took the other hinge off and I listed it and then I took off this latch That goes to the door and I listed it and this sold super fast for $12 and 80 cents The buyer paid the shipping and tax. They were all in for $17 and 77 cents for this How cool is that? And I always put replacement in the title if it's a replacement part The next item I sold is this vintage clay beaded necklace zoo safari animals Super cute. Also, I believe came out of my bulk buy I bought it on eBay to sell on eBay. I Sold this for a best offer of $18 and the buyer paid shipping the next item are these little jingle bell Easter chick and bunny ornaments and The buyer actually I think it was on the feedback they said or maybe they left they sent me an email or something and They said they were smaller than they expected But they were still very happy But I put them in my hands to show size typically I will put a measuring tape But for some reason I did not with these But maybe because my hand is curved. I usually lay it flat. I'm not sure but they were still happy So that's good, but this sold for a best offer of 10 0 5 and the buyer paid shipping And I picked these up at a garage sale for less than a buck The next item I sold is this vintage flocked horse This came out of a mystery box. I do believe and I sold this for $24 and the buyer paid shipping And it's super super cute. It's flocked Let me try and get a close-up of what flocked looks like this is flocked you guys The next item I sold is this Hasbro Tonka fun rise green recycling truck lights and sounds I Gotta be honest with you guys. I almost Donated this number one It's a bigger item, and I didn't really want to mess with shipping it number two The comps weren't super high, but I was like, you know what? I'm just gonna list it like it'll take me just a few minutes I think I have a box that size and it sold really fast. So This was another Facebook marketplace bundle and I sold this for $16 and the buyer paid shipping The next item are these shoes, and I actually picked these up at and a state sale, and I don't Get away zoom They actually have the packaging it is very very yellow, but the shoes were new old stock for sure I Sold these for a best offer of $14 the buyer was all in for $20 and two cents, and I paid a dollar than the state sale The next item is this vintage 1979 Playmobil car, and I took the time to look it up And the comps were just you know bread and butter, but I was like, you know what? I've already looked it up. I might as well list it So I sold this for $7.99 the buyer was all in for $13 and 79 cents And I probably had a nickel 10 cents in it came in a toy lot that I got All right, you guys McDonald's toys a lot of you guys will not waste your time Completely understand that some of them can be a bolo. I actually have a McDonald's Happy meal toys bolo video go check it out because some of them may surprise you These probably sold because they are a snoopy theme I sold these for $11 and 99 cents the buyer paid the shipping and you guys with the shipping I don't know why Okay, never mind. I thought it was 29. It's actually 24. I think No It's 2908 buyer was all in I'm guessing maybe it was over a pound. I don't know why it's so high Or maybe I put priority mail instead of first class. It had to have been over a pound Anyway So yeah, $29 no 12 $24. 20 408 because it was 855. Maybe they live somewhere with high tax. I don't know. It just seems like the total is high All right, the next item are these goose bump books goose bump books I want to say always sell because they pretty much have always sold for me I sold these for $31 and 99 cents. The buyer was all in for 39 92 I picked these up for 25 cents each. I do believe I Think those yeah, I think the ones I got at the garage sale are still out in the garage that I need to list Okay, this one is one where I thought it was going to be a bolo, but It was not I Ended up taking a best offer on this thing for $15. I did pick it up at a garage sale for a buck But I was certain that this was gonna be like something special like somebody would need the cup somebody would want the toothbrush Now granite It's pretty disgusting. It's probably a used to toothbrush, but the whole concept behind it You know, it's like a little place that toothbrush caddy. I don't know. I couldn't get it to work, but Whatever, I'm just so glad it's gone, but I sold it for $15 in the buyer page shipping This is one where I'm just like I don't understand, but I think I put You push the button and it talks it is not in working condition The toothbrush takes batteries. I could not get it to work. I may be putting batteries in wrong. It was weird It's like a vintage toy, but the batteries didn't I don't know what I was doing Sold as is most likely the toothbrush does not work and then I put I did not clean it for display only I would not recommend using this toothbrush for display only in big print. How disgusting like I really hope somebody's not gonna use that Okay, so this vintage 1990 Thomas and friends sir Topham He's a die-cast train figure guy and he was in a toy tote that I picked up at a garage sale I sold him for $12 and the buyer paid shipping the next item came with a bunch of Dollhouse furniture that I got it in a state sale and this was just sitting in there I'm guessing they were using it in the dollhouse But I was like I'm just gonna look it up and precious moments is not Typically a big money bow low, so I wasn't expecting much, but when I saw comps I was pleasantly surprised I went ahead and auctioned the item and it sold with one bid for $19 and 99 cents in the buyer page shipping So a bread and butter, but it sold super fast The next item I sold is this junk drawer lot. This is from items from a garage sale I listed a bunch of stuff that I got at the same sale these items I just could not make myself list them separately, so I lauded them up and I sold that for $14 and 99 cents and the buyer paid the shipping The buyer was all in for $32 and 70 cents The next item was also in a Facebook lot again I purchased something and then had them a lot the other items together This was included in the lot. I sold these for a best offer of $14 and the buyer paid shipping So these are the Fisher price animals. They're just about this big. They're kind of like a rubbery plastic I'm not sure exactly what they're made out of but you guys know you've heard a little people, right? They say it on the side you can see it right here on this sheep. They say little people I do pretty good with these definitely a bread and butter, but they usually sell The next item was a nice surprise this was also in that Facebook lot and He sold really fast, but he has both the masks and all of the accessories These are like hands so he can either have his hands open or he has the fist And then he's got these spiky things I don't know But he sold quick and he sold best offer $30 and the buyer paid shipping The next item I sold are these little trolls.  It's got a little like shot that Could break really easy during shipment you guys know I hate breakables But for some reason this day I bought a bunch of breakables from the thrift store I've got a dollar in this and it sold really fast for $17 and 60 cents and the buyer paid the shipping so I don't know I was saying this I think at my live show I don't know if people are like more drawn to like things that are nurses like that precious moments was a nurse that doctor ceramic figure They seem to be Trending right now and maybe it's because of that. Maybe people are buying them as gifts for people I'm not really certain but definitely be on the lookout. Thank you for being here. Thanks for watching Be sure to like comment subscribe and share and as always have a great night Thanks for watching You


Julia and welcome back to my channel and for today's video I'm going to be doing a quick little book unhaul. I have a lot of books as you know but I reorganized my shelves.  When I put everything back I had like five stacks of books on my floor still and a stack in my closet which made me realize maybe I should unhaul some books. So that's what I'm doing today. Usually the thing people say throughout this videos is like no I can't send them to you but I opened up a depop shop which is just this app and you could purchase some of the books if you want them. My prices are gonna be like negotiable. It's gonna depend on shipping like I still have to go to like see about that but the shop's up. There's a bunch of books on there and I'm super excited about it. But yes if you guys want to buy any of these books I'll have the depop shop links down below. I'd really appreciate it and yeah if you I'm only putting them up for like a few dollars each. So yes but let's jump into it. So I'm also doing like ARC and like March for Trade so like that's on Twitter if you care about that. But I'm also like on the depop I'm just selling some like bookmarks and stuff like that that were from book con like exclusives if you care about that. Book that I'm getting rid of is The Passage by Justin Cronin. I believe I got this one as a gift actually which makes me feel kind of bad. But I've had this book for like two or three years. I know it's I think an adult fantasy. It was blurred by like Stephen King. No I don't even know who it was blurred by but it was there's a lot like there's a lot of praise not on booktube I've seen but like in general for this book and it's a brick. I've had it for so long I really don't have interest in reading it and if I do I can always just get the like in the future I can always just get the UK paperback for like six dollars if I had to but yes plus this takes up a lot of room. So yeah this one's going. I have the lovely reckless. I haven't read this one either. I bought it on sale and of course when you buy books on sale you're kind of just like oh they're on sale so I'll buy them but then you're like do I really want to read that? Not really. Like I have other books I want to read. So goodbye. I'm more than this by Patrick Ness. I got this one from a thrift store and it's like almost in perfect condition and again I've tried to read this one. I just can't do it. I don't know. I'm just I just can't get into it and I've had this for so long where it's like if I would have read it already if I was gonna read it. Next I have The Amateurs by Sarah Shepard. Again another sale book that I didn't read. I need to stop doing that. Also I have here volumes 1 and 2 of Attack on Titan that I'm going to be selling together. Basically I read volumes 1 and 2. They were good but there's like 60 of these and if I really want to read them I'm just gonna like get them from the library or something because I do not have room to collect all of these and it's not the series I'm most interested in out of all the manga series that I've read. So these two are going. Bad Project Semi-Colon. This is a nonfiction YA book about suicide awareness so I thought it was really important for that because when I purchased it like some of the funds went to the organization which was great obviously. But the thing with this book it was kind of underwhelming. There was just I have a whole like there's reviews on these books like I don't I don't even barely remember what I said about this book. But I don't really want it anymore and I think someone else could get a read it like someone else could appreciate this more than I did and I don't know. I just don't need it so I'm like later. Next up I have The Chalice of Saria Avo. I read this one for school and I just wasn't impressed by it. I paid like full price for it which is like $20. So like if anyone wants this like check out the depop because like I don't really want it anymore. It was just like it was fine. I have tabs in it and like if you message me through like the thing I can keep the tabs in or take them out or whatever. I don't know if you want like the tabs. Next I have The Girl Who Fell. This is by S.M. Parker. This is a signed copy as well. So yeah I'm just never gonna read it. And it was another one of those it's like sale books. But bam it's signed. I don't know if you can see that but it's signed. So next I have Beautiful Broken Girls by Kim Savage. Another like sale kind of buy that I'm just really not interested in. The Vegetarian by Han Kang. I've had this for a while. Tried to read it. Can't really get into it. Haven't been able to get into it. I tried it for read-a-thons too. It's so short but like the narration just really like turns me off. I'm like no thanks. I have OCD Love Story. This one I have owned for a while and I just don't see myself picking it up. I think I've tried to read it before. I think this one was also a gift so I feel a little bit bad about that. But I'm just not gonna read it so like might as well give it to someone who will. I also have this No Fear Shakespeare of the Merchant of Fennus. I have a copy of Heartstik by Chelsea Kane because I have two of these. And Ten Count is also for sale if you're interested. But yes those are some books that I'm going to be getting rid of through selling or however I can because I need more room on my shelves and on my floor which has now been taken over. So that's a problem. But anyways thank you guys so much for watching and of course I'm not pressuring you to buy anything from the Depop. I just know a few other booktubers have made it as well and I just thought if you guys are interested in any books then yeah and Depop's also a good place for clothes and stuff too if you're interested in that. But yes thank you guys so so much for watching. If you're new here, like, subscribe, comment down below, check out my social medias, all the jazz. And thank you guys so so much for watching and I'll see you guys super soon. Bye!


Ladies and gentlemen, it is golden ticket season! Now, if you haven't seen the Wheel of Mutt NFC Championship, by the way, if you haven't seen that, rethink every life decision you've ever made. But if you haven't seen it, you guys should know that I actually pulled a golden ticket in a fan appreciation pack, and granted, this was before EA came out with the very coveted training variety pack. If you guys remember last year, I spent 2 million training on training variety packs, and I believe I've pulled six, maybe seven golden tickets out of that 2 million, so these packs are awesome! Everybody knows that, it's a really cool way to potentially get a golden ticket. It contains one of the following, an alternate uniform, an 87 plus overall Ultimate Legends player, a common or better strategy item, or a 99 overall golden ticket. So there's less variety than there was last year, but that's what we're rocking with. Now, keep in mind, since this pack exists, it has kind of changed the golden ticket market. It's a lot easier to get them. When I pulled that CJ Gardner Johnson wheel of mud, he cost two and a half million coins because nobody could get a golden ticket. So I just wanted to put in perspective how crazy that pull was. Either way, not why we're here today.  I don't know exactly what golden tickets dropped, they're releasing them in waves.  That Cam Newton is disgustingly good. Beggars can't be choosers, I would just love a golden ticket, but I'm really gunning for the Cam Newton. Here's what I want to do right now. Let's open some regular packs.  I also pulled it when the odds rates were not increased.  And it was all for Wheel of Mud, baby. It was all for Wheel of Mud. Also, I want to give a huge thank you to the best ticket app in the world, SeatGeek for sponsoring today's video. As you guys should know, my now live events are back, and SeatGeek has the tickets for everything. NBA Playoffs, upcoming NFL games, getting really excited for that, concerts, festivals, whatever. If it needs a ticket, probably on SeatGeek. The best thing about the app is it takes tickets from all over the web and puts them in one location to make buying simple. So before you buy a ticket for an event, make sure you have SeatGeek on your phone. And you can use my code MMG for $20 off your first order at SeatGeek. Again, it's $20 off your first order at SeatGeek, code MMG. Download the app, link in the top of the description, and enjoy the rest of the video.  I'm not gonna put a number on it, because to be honest, if I open like 750K training and get zero golden tickets, I might throw in the towel. As much as I love a good old-fashioned gambling addiction, I think I should know when to stop at this point.  All right, boys, without further ado, I haven't done an official Golden Ticket Hunt. So we're going on it right now. Maybe the Wheel of Mot Lock carries over, maybe not. Let's find out today, boys. First poll of the day is Buddha Baker. Is that good or bad? Jordan Poyer, we got the safeties on deck. Austin Hooper, Xavier Rhodes are closed. Uh-oh. Usually I use the first pack as, like, my superstition. You know, it sets the tone. I don't know how I feel right now. Literally, I will fund your... I will pay your college tuition if you can pronounce that last name without looking it up and having never heard it before. Rex Burkhead, Anthony Brown. Ugh, Kevin Green, and we do get a Super Bowl player. Hopefully this is a good one. Peace.  But, like, am I supposed to feel appreciated right now? Mary Wilson, I got a Christmas player. Yeah, I do like the variety, though. Deon Dawkins was on Wheel of Muzz. Gilmore Turner, Hulipulavati Vitae. I'm getting nasty at that pronunciation. Jim Kelly, Moester, Charles Woodson. Yikes. Devin DuVernay. Oh, big animation. Big animation. Guys, I'm extra excited about this.   This is the best poll I could have got. Let's go.  All right. Yeah, this is going to be a good opening now. I can tell you that, boys. Vitae Jensen and a Rising Star. 96 Tray Lantz. Let's go. We're back in the sand. Now, boys. Tredavious White, Mel Renfro, Wommis. Wommis Brown. Wommis, is that you? Junior Seau 93. Derek Johnson, 93. 93 for Sean Slater. Another big animation. See that? It's a take one. I didn't expect that at all.  Gold 99 Seiquan. Damn, I could have done the nasty pack and play with this. All right. We got one more bundle of an appreciation. We've got Garrett Wilson and Gold 99 Seiquan.  Draft promo is clutching for us right now. We're poverty without the draft promo though. Simmons, Jonah Williams, 95. It's Buddha Baker for the third time. And Walter Jones, it's a sign or something, dude. It's a sign. Andrew Thomas, Rocky Sin, Roy Williams, Lattimore, and Nick Neiman. Logan Thomas, AJ Cole, Rex Burkhead. We got what we got? What we got? David Irving. Nothing special.  Nothing crazy. They're cooling down. And Oliver Walter Jones, Marquise Pouncy. Carlos, what is that anime? Oh, that's Christmas, isn't it? Oh, totally forgot about that one. Daryl Henderson. It's Oculus. Our last fan appreciation pack has it's Oculus. Okay. I didn't get any golden tickets to fan appreciation packs, but we're onto Variety. After I open one fan appreciation pack with coins, Witherspoon, Davis, Curtis. I should have quit while I was ahead. That was such an L. I don't even want to talk about it. Training Variety pack. Let's do this. We are going to get a lot of these right here. Little training items. But we can also pull like insanely good Ultimate Legends players too. Let's keep that in mind.  Cowboys alternate Classic Units. Cool. And I was complaining about this before, but like why the fuck? Why did they release alternate uniforms at the end of the game?  At least if I get an Ultimate Legend player, I get some training back, you know? The good news, boys, is I don't really have to pay that much attention because if I get an animation, I get a player that's Ultimate Legends like this or it's a golden ticket or it's a jersey or whatever strategy item. I refuse to get discouraged. Okay. I refuse to get discouraged, but we're about 225,000 training in. We haven't pulled anything, but we have pulled a decent amount of Ultimate Legends. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to go do the math here and see just how much training we've lost so far. The golden tickets are not supposed to be easy to pull. I understand that. Let's just sell all the players, not including the fan appreciation packs. Okay, jerseys quick sell for 25 coins. That is so bog. Are you kidding? We've spent about 225,000. We get 60,000 back. So we're in the whole 180K. We do have some interesting strategy items and some cool jerseys, but whatever. Really, unless you're pulling a golden ticket, these packs are bog. Also, I'd like to know the breakeven point. What overall is breakeven? 91 is 7,000. So that's significantly over 87. You lose about half because that's 2,100. I saw way too much color. I knew something had to be up there. 97 Leonard Davis, our first very legit poll of the opening. I'll take that. I am not complaining about that. The ticket of the training variety bags. It's the best one. Look at this Cam.  By the way, this is one of the hardest-looking golden tickets.  There is no card art that even rivals most feared. Most feared card art puts every other card art to shame.  What a beast. He has 99 spin move. Like what? Like why? 93 stiff arm, 99 ball carrier vision. So he's not going to fumble. To be 6 with 5245, you could put a scape artist run around the edge and you could truck through any single corner that is standing in your face.  All right, so I will say as much as I have spent about 300,000 training right now, if I were to quit right now, I would be up significantly just because of the Cam Newton poll. That would 700,000 coins can get you so much training. I'm going to hang on to it just in case I want to use that Cam Newton ever. All right, boys. So 300,000. You know what's funny?  I saw it already.  William Perry, dude. I have now pulled him legitimately twice. I pulled him in a pack and wheel him out earlier and now I just pulled him right here back to back with Cam Newton. Before I say anything else, can we go three first? Can we go triple? Can we go triple? Can we go? Whatever. What I was going to say is if I did the math last year, it was on average. I was pulling a golden ticket every 250,000 training.  What is going on? Oh my God. Dude, we're so cracked. We're so cracked. That was out of four packs. All right, this is the point, guys. If this happens to you, quit. Stop opening packs. If this has happened to you, just don't. I'm doing this for the content. I'm allowed to have a gambling addiction. You're not. John Hanna, William Perry, Cam Newton in four. But like I was saying, sorry. So I did the math last year. I was getting one golden ticket for 250,000 training on average. Sometimes you get more, sometimes you get less. I don't need to explain it to you.  I will say, so this year, I feel like it's a little bit worse odds to pull the golden ticket. As you've seen, I pulled William Perry, John Hanna and Leonard Davis as well as a decent amount of 90 pluses. In the packs last year, you were not pulling ultimate legends like that. Not even close. Every once in a while, you'd pull like a semi-decent series redux. But overall, last year, it was pretty much golden ticket or nothing. So I think the golden ticket odds are worse, but you still have the chance to pull all this other stuff. So point being, I think these packs are actually a W.  Also the third time, I've got 93 overall Zonka. So it has to be a good sign.  I can't believe I got Cam though because bro, watch what happens when I pulled Ben D'Nucci and he's worth nothing. A lot of these guys, they don't think they're gonna be worth a lot. I don't think Josh Gordon's gonna be worth that much. And now that I say it, I realized it was a little bit more than 300,000 training for Cam Newton because I used about 250 and then I sold that other stuff. There's probably more like 400,000 training for Cam Newton. So I don't want to get ahead of myself. I'm happy to like this. I just got 96 Ozzie Nooso. So I still think these packs are kind of a W. But the golden tickets, they just ain't in there. Not as much anyway. I can't wait till there's a golden ticket Vita Vaya too.    That pack that just didn't give me an animation was 97 Dave Robinson. Oh my God. We pulled so many 96 pluses already. Steelers 66, 67. Oh my God. Do they have cool Lions Unis? I don't know if they have any of the cool Lions Unis, but I should probably get my hands on them if they do. Come on, baby. Oh, I can't wait. Dude, it's such a rush of adrenaline. When you see the golden ticket, that gold liquid spill in. I just want it, baby. Dude, some of these strategy items are cracked.  Also block shed, like speed. I'm pretty sure you can get these strategy items for like wide receivers and running backs and add speed, which I'm sure everybody's known this whole year but I'm just learning right now.  This is like me all of high school.  I might have been just too excited when I pulled Cam Newton, but if we do the math now, I have one golden ticket out of almost 750K training because I started by 2.2 mil. I do have other good polls, obviously. We talked about that, but I don't know if I should recommend this to you guys. Right now, I'd say it's a hard 50-50 whether you should do this or not. We'll see what happens in the next about 200K training. All right, boys. I have been on a streak of like, oh my God. Since I pulled Cam Newton, I haven't pulled anything really, other than like, I think I said 96 right here. We pulled the John Hannon such.  But yeah, we gotta put a cap on this because the Cam Newton's huge, but now I'm in the negative. I don't know what to say about training variety packs this year. They're actually pretty dope. I like that there's more than you can pull than just the golden ticket, like I'm actually looking for the ultimate legends, but I also wish they potentially had series redux, like a little variety. It's called the training variety pack, right? There's only 87 plus ultimate legends. I feel like they should also include a chance to get an 87 plus series redux. That'd be kind of cool. You'd also get like a huge variety of players, so I don't know. The leg. Oh my God. This is a strategy item for kickers. And it gives them short-throwing accuracy, medium-throwing accuracy, awareness, kick accuracy, kick power. You know what's funny? That can almost, if I ever did a meme video where I had a kicker at quarterback, that'd almost be useful. Yikes, dude. I don't know, boys.  And I think at the end of the season, I'm gonna do like a massive, like five million training opening. Like after everything's said and done, I'm gonna send it. I still have some season ahead of me. Ah, I don't wanna give too much away, but I do. Ah, no, I can't get away. I can't get away. Never mind. I'm not even gonna. You know what? You'll see. You'll see why I'm not willing to use this much training. You'll see it soon. But no, I am excited. We got gold ticket, Cam Newton. I couldn't be more excited than that. We'll see if I can just finesse a little golden ticket out of this final 94,000 training. If not, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna sell everything that's not Cam Newton. And then I'm gonna see exactly what I'm sitting at training-wise. Yes, I am down the million training right now, but I also haven't sold any of the players that we pulled. Once we quick sell like all the 87s and 92s and all that, we'll see exactly how clapped we got. Hey, wait, I didn't see it. I didn't see it. Let's go the final 100Ks.  Let's get it, boys. All right. I like that. I like that before we get out of here. 30,000 training left. I have about seven packs left. Yeah, exactly seven packs actually. This is one of seven. Now it feels like an episode of Wheel of Mud where I've only got seven packs and I gotta pull some heat. Players is good. I feel like do I just quick sell all the strategy items I got? You can't even sell those, right? I don't think you can auction those. I think anything that's not blue, I just quick sell. All right, these are our final three. Here's one. Not good. Cardinals Classic Home Unis. You know what's weird? We got Buddha Baker to start this opening. We're gonna end with Cardinals Unis. Although I do have one more bag. I can't say that. I'm jumping the gun. Our final player of the opening, Michael Vick. I'm not gonna make the joke. All right, so down to 1.2 mil training. We only got one golden ticket and supposedly that is with the boosted poll rate. Do I believe that? Yeah, I don't know if there's really a boosted poll rate. But we did get the best golden ticket.   So I'm super excited about that. Let's quick sell all the players we got that are not the super good ones. I'll hang on to the 97s. Actually, no, I'm gonna quick sell them too because I'm not gonna... I don't need the coins. I might as well just quick sell them as well. I'm sure they're not worth that many coins either because everybody else is doing the same thing. Let's just quick sell everything. See how much training that gets us back up to. And at that point, we'll basically be able to say how much training it costs to get one golden ticket and all the strategies and jerseys. So John Hanna's in there. Dude, look at this stretch. Cam Newton, William Perry, Hot Pursuit, and John Hanna. So quick sell William Perry and John Hanna. That chain lane, the rest of these guys, I might actually run out. Leonard Davis as well, insane poll. So I got 97 Leonard Davis, 97 Mike Ditka, 98 John Hanna, 98 William Perry, and then obviously Cam Newton. And after quick selling all the Ultimate Legends we get. Damn. Wait, damn. 775,000 training back. So honestly, what it really ended up being. So I started with 2.2 mil. That's one 975. So about 300,000 ish training for the gold 99 Cam Newton. We got a lot of it back. And I haven't quick sold any of these yet. I know these are kind of poverty, but they are a thousand coins a piece. So you might get like 50 to 100 K back if you open a lot. I'm gonna quick sell everything that's not a blue or a uni. I like the unis. Quick sell 75 items for 251,000 coins. I just realized that the green ones and those like multicolored ones are worth more. Actually, what I got was I gained 250,000 coins and I lost 300,000 training and I got Cam Newton. I actually think they're a W. I really do think they're a W.  This should never be in a pack anyway. Just give us all the jerseys to start the game. So let's, if they take that out and maybe put in like a chance at an 87 plus redux, I think it'd be a huge W. But for now, I can live with it. Although I will say I didn't pull Cam Newton. I wouldn't be talking at all.  So whatever. All right, boys, I love you.  I have tons of ideas. So many ideas for bangers. So I know we're coming down to the end of the Madden season.   We got Wheel of 2K. I'm gonna put on some bangers. I really got some cool ideas that I'm cooking up right now in my brain. But I love you guys. I'll see you in the next video. Peace.


Okay, fellow buddies. My husband just gave me a box of ephemera. This looks like some sort of space thing. I have no clue what it is. I'm looking at it right now for the first time. He said, sell it on what not. So guess what? I'm having a pop-up show tonight at 9.38 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. Make sure you go watch my snapback hat video and then you'll know why my what-not is starting at 9.38 tonight. I'm bringing ephemera tonight. This is vintage ephemera. I have no idea what any of this is. It looks like a bunch of really cool photographs, vintage. Who knows what? Old, old, looks like some military stuff. So I'm just gonna pull it out of here. Looks like we've got some vintage photos and maybe old cabinet cards. I have no idea. Look at this. Oh my goodness, what is that? This is gonna be so fun. I can't wait to see you guys tonight for this vintage ephemera show on what-not. If you're not already on what-not, you know the drill, go down there and join what-not. Get $15 to shop. That's free money, guys. Ooh, look at that. Whoa, what is that? They look like used stamps. Anyway, get $15 to shop with my link down below. That's my referral link. And we're gonna have a ephemera show and I don't know what's in here. Like I said, we're just gonna grab, pull and sell. It's gonna be super, super fun. I hope to see you. There should be enough for an entire show here. What do you guys think? So if you're not on what-not, come see me. Remember to put your phone number in so they can verify that you don't have more than one account. That way you get that $15 to shop. It definitely looks like there's some military stuff in here for sure. So this should be a really interesting, fun show. So even if you don't wanna buy, just come hang out. But it looks like my husband did it again. He found me some amazing items to bring you and looking forward to seeing you guys tonight. And again, go check out that snapback hat video that I did. I will link it down below. Thanks for watching.


Everybody forced here rip in a box of 2022 tops dynasty formula one racing for Justin H Okay, Justin. Here we go, man good luck is a Christian Horner three of ten on the patch auto Christian Horner go hoping for a driver of course But every card in dynasty is nice. Thanks again for the order Justin. We'll get this out to you


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