Though I had prepared slides, I will not show slides, this is about regarding the quality aspect of the FDPs, I will be talking about specifically peer assessment. How many of you faced problems in peer assessment during the last FDP? You can, yeah, faithfully raise your hands, okay. Question number one, was this a problem because the system did not permit something? So how many of you say that, so system by system I mean the Moodle system, okay. Okay, so I am talking only about OER creation, OER creation assessment, okay. Everyone did an OER? Were the instructions for OER clear? Were the videos clear? Were the assessment rubrics clear? Was the example OER clear? Was it comprehensive? Now where was the problem? Yeah, I will give you a chance. So I will give options one by one. So option number one, option number one is that peer assessment was not working because people did not get time to do peer assessment. Option number two, people who were part of FDP did not understand peer assessment. Option number three, both of the above. So how many for options, okay, any other options that I need to include? Number of? Okay, so number of, so this number of assessments provided to you is a system error. Yeah, so Moodle workshop module has a known bug that anytime a grouping is done and it is open for peer assessment, people will get total number of assessments which are greater than those that are indicated. So we are removing that in IIT Bombay X. So in the new peer assessment mechanism, you will have a clear OER assessment question. You will have clear OER example or whatever, peer assessment example. You will have clear instructions. You will have clear rubrics. What else do you want from the instructor? Understanding of the rubrics. Understanding of the rubrics by the peers, okay. Here rubrics's wording may problem. Rubrics criteria's may problem. Rubrics, it's the criteria of the rubrics. Yes, so this is something that instructors can change at our end. So we are trying to differentiate things that can be controlled and things that cannot be controlled. Okay, so things that cannot be controlled, how somebody and even after so many training goes and do a peer assessment that we won't have control. But supposing in the future FDPs, you are associate faculty, I think there is a, we are trying to build some logistical mechanism where these initial assessment at least a quality check can be done by the associate faculty for addressing issues related to peer assessment. So a major change in the future peer assessments is that we are going to completely utilize IIT Bombay X peer assessment mechanism. How many of you are familiar with IIT Bombay X peer assessment mechanism or ORA, open response assessment? Okay, it's bit complicated. I mean from an instructor perspective also it is bit complicated. So we'll be circulating a document. So we'll be circulating a document which explains the peer assessment process. But essentially you know the essence of peer assessment, right? The context has to be explained in the question. The question has to be clearly worded. What is expected from the participants have to be clearly put up in the question. This has to be converted into rubrics. Rubrics should have clear scales. There should be an example graded assessment by the instructor that the participant can first train. Okay, so this example assessment is first graded by the participant and unless and until the grading matches with that of instructor he will not be able to move forward. He or she will not be able to move forward. Now once they start the submission, they will first write their submission. They will submit it. Now this will go to different peers. They will also get two or three, whatever is the number of assessments to be evaluated, they will get them. They will evaluate it using rubric. They will provide specific feedbacks for each and every criteria. They will have to write, suppose let's say criteria one. They give needs improvement. They will have to write in words why they give needs improvement. Now we can, the system can only permit, they need to compulsorily write a feedback. Now if the participant goes and write good, it was not good, we can't do anything. So what we need more stress is telling the participants that your feedback should be of the form. Although your response was indicative of, was trying to answer the question, your answer had the following shortcoming, A, B, C. Due to this, I'm going to give you this grid. Now is this clear? When something like this comes, anybody who is having a peer assessment problem, so typically marks may problem ayenge, if there are problems in marking, what do students do? Let's say series test ho gaya. The series test got completed. They got their mark sheets. Okay, he was supposed to open ended question, let's say 10 mark question, he got only five marks. What will the student do? He'll go back to the teacher. So in this particular FDP, we'll try to make mechanisms wherein the going back is very much arranged. So first they will approach a set of associate faculty who are handling the peer assessment. They will be provided with the peer assessment that is present. And they will make a judgment. And only after that it will come back to the main FDP instructor. So this particular mechanism is what we are planning to do. So for that you should know how IIT Bombay X peer assessment works. So in the afternoon, you will be given a peer assessment activity. So I'll explain the activity in few words to you. Question is, why are peer assessments kept as blind? It was intentional because we didn't want any naming or... So typically mark come who are... So then people will say, okay, this guy evaluated me less. So this is only blind to the participant. And it is an accepted practice even in research paper reviews. So it is an accepted practice in research paper reviews. But what we faculty can see is who gave what marks. So at a faculty level, we will know who gave this particular feedback and we will be able to correct it. So that much authority, I mean, though in all essence, creative commons, everything is good, but it should not result in quarrels, unnecessarily quarrels. I also want to say something. If there is a huge inconsistency in peer assessment, for example, if an assignment is assessed by let's say 5 people, 4 has given 8 out of 10 and 1 has given 2. So I think that person should also get some negative feedback or some means negative marks so that there is a huge inconsistency. Okay, I agree. So suppose, consider this criteria. The person who gave 2 out of 10 was actually writing his assessment. Whereas the other people who gave 8 out of 10, they just gave because it was there in this one. So how will you give a feedback in this case? So this is, so peer assessment. Yeah, so yes, so that is one thing. So if it is let's say 20 people under a single associate faculty, yes, we can do it. Suppose the number is 400 under a single faculty. So this is a problem of scale. This is a problem of subjective evaluation. Both of which are active research problems. Still active research problems in systems or computer systems. So this is something that we are trying to tackle. So yes, we will definitely make mechanisms wherein at least the associate faculty will be able to get one level access to let's say a controlled set or a manageable set. But we will have to look at the overall FDP, the type of roles available because conducting this FDP itself is a very complex, complicated and challenging problem. So that's why all of you who have experience of being part of an FDP are brought here in the hope that yes, in the future FDPs, all of you can assist us in this entire process. Yes. Yes, valid, valid. So the domain problem is something that we cannot immediately escape. So we will try to make cohorts which are so let's say one main faculty, we will try to collect the expertise of that particular faculty in the domain and try to as an associated faculty is based on domains. That is something that we are thinking of while doing peer assessments or doing the FDP coordination itself. Because without that matching it will be impossible for faculty to understand what the person is talking about. But we will try to give so one way of correcting that is by giving generic assessments. Like creating an open education resource, the resource itself is open. So we assess the features that have been used, the functionalities that have been used, which is transcending disciplines or domains. So these are the kind of mechanisms at instructor side that we can suggest as possible solutions till a better mechanism gets evolved. So we will be doing this in the coming process. So I'll just explain what the peer assessment question is in five minutes so that you will know. Our next assessment is actually related to all these. Just one more last query, sorry to interrupt you. I just want you to know if we can do peer assessment in two ways. One could be an objective where the presence and absence of particular thing can be seen. The other should be subjective where they have to evaluate the quality of that particular. So the peer assessment question that you are going to face in the afternoon. The context is assume that you have been assigned as an associate faculty in the future FDPs. There are four roles that we think require others to help the IIT Bombay team in managing the FDP. One is general coordination in the discussion forum. Second is specifically facilitating the peer assessment. So it will involve peer assessment from the scales all those rubric creation, question creation, two peer assessment queries handling peer assessment queries. Third is discussion forum OER, open education resource creations. And fourth one is facilitating the A-view interactions. So assume that there are these four roles. As a faculty you are allowed to select only one role that you think you can do well. Yes, so you can select one role in this and you should now question number one. Identify the challenges that you foresee while executing your role. Given this you know something about the FDP mechanism now. You know a little bit about IIT Bombay's platform. You know how FDP is conducted and you know how faculties actually participate in FDP. So this is not an outlier case. We are talking of real life problem. So you should identify challenges that you foresee supposing you select any of these four roles. Second thing, you should propose solutions, practical and feasible solutions for the identified challenges. Third thing, now that you have provided a solution that is not enough. You should also tell us how will you evaluate whether the solution has worked or not. Suppose one issue is this peer assessment issue. You might have, so that is one challenge, I agree. What is your solution? How will you know that whether the solution can be working? So you can tell us within your evaluation strategies you can propose some new mechanisms through which this could be conducted. So everything under the ambit of IIT Bombay's platform. Everything will be done in the IIT Bombay's platform and there will be a view interactions. So within this particular modus operandi what are the solutions that you are going to suggest for evaluating. Now the rubrics. For the challenges, the quantity of challenges that you have proposed that will be one evaluation criteria. Second is validity of the challenges. How valid or how practical, how much of this real is a real challenge. So for example, and these challenges should be within the purview of the FDP, FDP implementation team. So for example, let's say Prime Minister of India suddenly said that all engineering colleges need to be closed down. This is something which is not under the ambit, this is a challenge. This is a valid challenge but it is not under the ambit of FDP. So the quantity of challenges should be valid. Whatever challenges you say it should be valid. Second thing, solutions. The number of solutions that you are proposing. And again quality wise these solutions should be addressing the challenges and it should be practical. So the quality of challenges. Evaluation. The evaluation should be possible. It should be practically possible that whatever you say as evaluation can actually happen. And these evaluations should be tied to the challenges and the solutions. So it should be aligned with say I say the challenges that participants are not attending the FDP. In the challenge I say ok I make it mandatory. The third one in the solution you say just look at the discussion posts. Are they aligned? Are the solutions and evaluations aligned? Basically some solution mechanism is look at the number of different activities by individual participants or count the number of activities. So that is something evaluation measure for this particular solution for the challenge. So these three are tied. Fourth one is the logical flow in which you actually create this answer. So your question, your challenge followed by the solution followed by the evaluation should have a logical flow. So it is a qualitative aspect of the English that you write. And generally how good your English is. The grammar, the punctuations, the words that you use. It should be in simple English so that your reviewer can also understand what you have written. So these are the criterias that you will be using that we are going to evaluate you. The scales of the rubric are available. So once you go through so basically there are three scales. One is missing when all these are not available. Needs improvement, something is there but the answer could be improved. And target performance. So that is the criteria. So we expect minimum of three challenges, minimum of three solutions and a valid evaluation mechanism for the FDP associate faculty role. Any questions? This is again back to our peer assessment. In the rubrics, you rubrics and scale, many times we feel that we are in a strict compartmentalized assessment. Now can we go a little beyond the framework and then assign some marks for the assessor. Both positively and negatively. So for the assessor or the SSC? The person who is assessing the OER. So in the FDPs we had 80-20 weightage. It is not that when we are doing the peer assessment there is the rubrics and the scale. So in each parameter.  So let's say 100 marks is there for the entire exercise. 10 marks should be given as instructor, the assessor's purview. It should be under assessor's purview. No, that's not the point. There is a scale, whatever parameter is there. If it is this one, then five marks, then this one, three marks, then this one mark. Now there we are constrained. I am not agreeing with that five. Neither am I agreeing with the three. So scale can be continuous one. Secondly, according to my assessment, even though I get, see an assessor says that the entire OER is excellent. But when I got the marks for that it is only 13 marks. I am getting an excellent remark from many assessors but the mark I am getting is only 13. So to take care of that can I have some position where the assessor can put extra marks or reduce some marks. So point number one, yes we can do continuous scale but for these subjective responses. Let's say what is the quality of the answer? There will be still subjectivity. So how much is few? How many is not a few? So this question will still exist. So we can limit this one but yes, we can give continuous points. Continuous points like so for example in this one you are given 0, 1, 2. So it's a clear question of one. And essentially rubrics should not be converted to marks. So that is the golden maximum of rubrics. But since some quantitative marks have to come due to these open-ended exams, we are assigning some marks. So what we'll do right now is we'll do continuous 0, 1, 2 type of evaluation for these rubrics. Regarding your second question, it will still have issues. So peer assessment even after so many checks and balances will still have issues because ultimately there are elements which are left for individual interpretation and the individual who is interpreting is also very subjective. So you can have a good assessor. You can have a very bad assessor. So in this case the system cannot do anything but yes one possible mechanism. So these are things that we also elicit from you. What could be possible, ways in which these could be curtailed. So this idea generation, this is also crowdsourcing exercise for us to understand the possible challenges and some of the things that we can actually do from our end. So do post the challenges, solutions and evaluations. So solutions are strategies for overcoming the challenges. So these words would be intermittently used in the open response assessment. Any further doubts? There was a repetitive problem in peer assessment. In fact I proposed the idea of giving back the same question to the person who has assessed. Yes, so yes. During the discussion and I did a similar experiment in a school, I mean students, both in the primary level students as well as for engineering students. In engineering students for 60 blue books we did this experiment. And there was substantial improvement in the. So how did you do it? Was it a pen and paper test or was it a? No, no it was a blue book, in a conventional blue book what we for the test, conventional test we do. Okay so it was a, I mean in the essence it's a pen and paper test. That's correct. So in IIT we, so in IIT process Anamurthy's course, initial courses have peer assessment for the long essays. So in case of problems what Prasamurthy usually does is gets the person both the parties, ask them to explain the rubrics to them, this is the criteria where the issue is. There will be a discussion for let's say if it is a longer one it will be maximum half an hour or for a shorter one there will be 5 to 10 minutes discussion. And after that it is then they are asked to reassess the questions based on the final agreed understanding that both has. Now my point is slightly different. Here the problem is mostly the subjective lethargic valuation of the students or in case asked. Where the question is can the system be designed to take care of this? Yes it can be. That's what my approach is. Okay so it would be interesting if you post this, so if you are taking up this. The problem see you cannot, finally it is a subject. Yes. Finally I have to do it. Yes. So if many of the wrong people do wrong things it cannot be, it is considered as right which cannot be. So that's the approaches. Yeah fine. So please do post in the ideas so that we can also look at it and judge the merit.


Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine, believe that all diseases begin in the gut. Of course, he also thought women were hysterical because of their wandering uterus, so much for ancient medical wisdom. But something like constipation can have a major negative impact, and physical, mental, and social well-being gets often overlooked in healthcare. This may be because poop talk is taboo, and can have a severe influence on their everyday living, both psychologically and physically. Constipation can hurt, causing abdominal discomfort and pain straining, hard stool, and frequent bowel movements, bloating, and nausea. No wonder laxatives are among the most commonly used drugs. Most are safe when used judiciously and intermittently, but because of the frequency of their use, they do end up being one of the most common causes of adverse drug reactions. Perhaps treatment should instead address the underlying problems, such as lack of dietary fiber. You probably don't need a meta-analysis to demonstrate that dietary fiber can obviously increase stool frequency. Populations in most Western countries must be considered by world standards to be almost universally constipated. Here, it's an epidemic among the elderly, but simply not a problem among those centering their diets around fiber-rich foods. Where is fiber found? This patient's summary in the AMA's journal, some set up with an illustration, whole unrefined plant foods. Now for those of us smug in our intake of fruits and vegetables, we need to realize that fruits and leafy vegetables are the poorest whole food sources of fiber. Why? Because they're 90% water. Root vegetables have more, but the fiber superstars are legumes, which means beans, split peas, chickpeas, and lentils, as well as whole grains. And gram-for-gram fruit fiber doesn't seem to have the same effect. It may take 25 grams of fruit fiber to double stool output, something just 10 grams of whole grain fiber or vegetable fiber can do. And that's not all fiber can do. If you eat some whole grain barley for supper, by the next morning your good gut bacteria are having it for breakfast, increasing butyrate into our bloodstream, a compound that seems to exert broad anti-inflammatory activities, which could help explain why significant decreases in the province of inflammation are associated with increasing dietary fiber intakes. Check it out. And the highest group here was just getting the minimum recommended daily intake of fiber. So what, if you have knee pain or something, you should eat more fiber-rich foods? We didn't know until now. Dietary fiber intake in relation to knee pain trajectory. Thousands of patients were followed and a high intake of dietary fiber, which is to say just the minimum recommended intake, was associated with a lower risk of developing moderate or severe knee pain over time. And two Framingham studies found that higher fiber intake was related to a lower risk of having symptomatic osteoarthritis in the first place. But wait, don't a variety of diseases have an inflammatory component? How about fiber consumption and all-cause cardiovascular and cancer mortality? They found that compared to those who consumed the least fiber, those who consumed the most had 23% less cardiovascular disease mortality, 17% lower risk of dying from cancer, and 23% lower mortality from all causes put together. Unfortunately, most persons in the United States consume less than half the recommended intake of dietary fiber daily. These researchers suggest all sorts of potential mechanisms for which fiber could be life-saving from improving cholesterol, immune function, and blood sugar control, but there also may be more of a direct cause. If you ask people to bear down as if they're straining on stool, you can get a rapid increase in intracranial pressure inside your skull. And indeed, if you look at trigger factors for the rupture of intracranial aneurysms, if you ask hundreds of people who had strokes, bleeds within their brains, one of the biggest trigger factors noted was straining for defecation, multiplying risk sevenfold.


Alright friends, so today we are going to discuss a question which was asked by one of our students and since I think that we are going to learn many things from this particular question. I'm creating a video out of it. Okay. So the question goes like this. You can see there is this spherical thing which has a radius of r. There's nothing but a bubble. Alright, so let us say a refractive index of the bubble is one. Okay. And outside outside of this bubble is a refractive index of let's say four by three. Basically, it's a bubble that is trapped inside the water. Okay. Now the question is that a parallel rays are coming which are parallel to this dotted line. Okay. And we need to find out the final image. Okay. So first of all, since the rays are coming parallel, so definitely we can say that the object is at infinity. Right. So the ray diagram would look something like this. This ray which will be along the dotted line will straight away go because it is along the normal. Right. Another rate we have to take because we have to find intersection. Right. Now this rate when it when it hits the first interface which is between the water and the bubble, what will happen to it. It will bend away from the normal. Right. Because it is traveling from a denser medium to a rarer medium. So this is what will happen. Let us say. Right. Now if you try to find out the image, forget about the fact that there is one more refraction that has to happen. Okay. If we ignore that fact, then suppose only these two rays are there, this one and this one, then the final image would be formed somewhere behind. Right. Because this ray and this one, they are diverging. So image will be somewhere here. Right. So the ray diagram, if I have to draw it properly would look something like this. So this is my image. Right. Now the thing will not stop here because there is one more refraction that has to happen on the other interface. Right. Now when refraction is happening on the other interface, the rays are coming along this ray. Right. Along this line, the rays are coming. Now, if let us say hypothetically speaking, if this interface would not have been there. Okay. And instead, the object was kept here where the image was getting formed. Let's say object is kept here only. Then will there be any difference felt by the second interface. Think over it. This ray will go as it is. And another ray, if I can send from here, will go straight till it meets the second interface. Yes or no. If the first interface is not present. So what I'm trying to tell you, what I'm trying to tell you is that the image of the first interface, which you can call it as Ivan over here, is acting like an object for the second interface, because second interface will feel as if the rays are coming from this point. Isn't it. So we need to draw the further path of this ray. So when you do that, you can see now the ray will bend towards the normal. So it will be something like this. Okay. And you can see still this ray and this ray, they are diverging. So we need to do some construction to find out the final image. So this is the location of the final image. This is the final image. Now why we are calling it as a final image because my observer is sitting here outside. Okay. Observer will get these two rays. Observer will not get to see the image formed by this ray and that ray. But this interface, the second interface will feel as if object is kept over here. Isn't it. So that is the reason why we can say that the object of the second interface is the image of the first interface. All right. So once we understand the ray diagram like this, it becomes very easy to solve problem. Okay. And just one more thing, when you solve a question like this, you need to be very careful with respect to from where you're measuring the distances. Okay. So when you're talking about refraction from this interface, you measure all the distance from this optical center, this one. Okay. O1, let us say. And when you're talking about this interface, okay, you're talking about this one, this is spherical interface, right. For that, the second refraction, you have to measure the distances from here. Okay. So I hope you got to learn something new today. Thanks for watching.


10 African countries with the highest inflation rates in 2023. One of the most popular issues in the news at the moment is inflation. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which marked its first anniversary last month, appended the world's commodity and energy markets, generating an imbalance that drove up prices everywhere. The worst affected nations were those that relied too heavily on imports of food and energy, with inflation shooting up to doubled digits and hurting large populations. Prices rise as a result of an increase in the money supply. A high rate of inflation may be detrimental to the expansion and advancement of the economy. People may be less likely to invest as prices rise because they can't predict how much their money will be worth in the future. Due to potential decreased business expansion and staff hiring, this could result in a decline in economic activity. People may also be less willing to save when prices increase since their money is worth less. Moreover, high inflation can result in a decline in a currency's purchasing power. They might not be able to afford necessities like food or housing when prices climb. As a result, more people may live in poverty because they are unable to afford the necessities of life. Hello there, you are watching Africa Reloaded. Today we will be visiting 10 countries with the highest inflation rates in Africa and how it is affecting the citizens of these nations. As always before we begin, a like on this video will be very much appreciated. 10. Malawi, 25.9%. This landlocked country in the southern part of the African continent is also amongst the poorest nations in Africa, added to the high level of inflation. The year over year inflation rate for January 2023, according to NSO, is 25.9%, up from 25.4% in December. The rates of inflation for food and non-food items are 30.5% and 20.4% respectively. In reaction to lowering worldwide inflation, the rate, which had been increasing for 12 straight months up until the beginning of the fourth quarter, has decreased in the last two months. Hopkins Kauai, an economist at Catholic University, foresaw this spiral, attributing it to high prices brought on by a domestic lean era. 9. Burundi, 28.6%. This is one of the smallest and poorest countries in Africa. Landlocked Burundi, also known as the Republic of Burundi, is located in the Great Rift Valley at the intersection of East Africa and the African Great Lakes region. This nation is a low income country with 80% of the population employed in agriculture. Burundi's annual inflation rate accelerated from 26.6% in December to 28.6% in January 2023, signaling the largest rise in consumer prices since May 2008. The range was 8.4% to 44.93% at its lowest point. 8. Rwanda, 30.3%. For the third consecutive month, Rwanda's annual inflation rate decreased to 30.3% in February 2023 from 31.1% in January and a peak of 33.8% in November 2022. The reading was the weakest in five months, and it coincided with a substantial decline in housing and utility prices, 3.1% versus 12% in January. Also, there were softer increases in the following categories. Transportation, 9.3% versus 9.7%, recreation and culture, 11.1% versus 12.2%. Furniture and domestic equipment, 14.1% versus 14.6%. Restaurants and hotels, 18.9% compared, 22.1% in January, and apparel and footwear, 8.9% versus 9.4%. Food prices, meanwhile, have been increasing steadily 59.7% versus 57.3%, especially for vegetables, 93.4% versus 88% and bread and cereals, 44.2% versus 47%. Consumer prices increased by 2.7% on a monthly basis in February, the largest in four months. 7. South Sudan, 30.7%. South Sudan's consumer price index grew to 19,072 index points this February. The maximum and minimum levels were 18,863 and 53.49 index points respectively. In February 2023, the annual inflation rate in South Sudan accelerated from 14.4% to a two-year high of 31.3%, driven primarily by higher costs for food and non-alcoholic beverages, 34.8% versus 11.4% in January. Housing and utilities, 38.8% health, 110.7% versus 96.3%. Transport, 54.1% versus 44.3%. Communication, 49.3% versus 46.8% and recreation and culture, 83.3% versus 37.8%. All experienced additional upward pressure. Monthly, the CPI increased by 18.6%. 6. Egypt, 31.9%. From 25.8%, the month before to 31.9% in February 2023. Well beyond market predictions of 26.9%, the annual urban inflation rate in Egypt continued to rise. That was the highest inflation rate seen since August 2017, and it remained above the 5-9% target range set by the central bank for a whole year, partly as a result of the weakened pound following many devaluations in recent months. Price increases in the CPI basket were mostly driven by food and non-alcoholic beverage costs, 61.8% versus 48% in January. The annual core inflation rate, which excludes volatile items like food, increased from 31.24% in January 2023 to 40.26% in February 2023, the highest level since at least January 2005. 5. Ethiopia, 32%. In February 2023, Ethiopia's annual inflation rate decreased to 32% from 33.9% in January and a six-month peak of 35.1% in November. Tef, a staple food for the majority of Ethiopians, is currently in short supply across the nation, and prices have increased by at least 50% since last year. Ethiopia's economy has been impacted by a protracted drought in the southeast of the country, ongoing economic hardships, the protracted conflict in Tigray, the COVID-19 outbreak, and the worldwide effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. 4. Sierra Leone, 38.48%. Over the previous 41 years, the Consumer Price Index in Sierra Leone has fluctuated between 3.3% and 178.7%. A projected inflation rate of 11.9% for 2021 was determined. Inflation averaged 31.2% yearly during the monitoring period of 1980 to 2021. Overall, there was a 2.03 million percent price increase. Beginning in 2022, a product that cost 100 leons in 1980 now costs 2.03 million leons. Sierra Leone's inflation rate jumped from 37.09% in December 2022 to 38.48% in January. 3. Ghana, 54.1%. In December, Ghana's inflation rate increased more than anticipated due to sharp rises in the cost of food, transportation, and accommodation in the West African nation. In the second largest cocoa producer in the world, annual inflation accelerated to 54.1% from 50.3% a month earlier, government statistician Samuel Kobina Annem told reporters on Wednesday in Accra. According to Bloomberg, this is the 120 countries being followed, including the Eurozone, with the seventh highest inflation rate in the world. 2. Sudan, 83.6%. The inflation rate for consumer prices in Sudan varied over the past 61 years between 10% and 382.8%. A 382.8% inflation rate was projected for 2021. The average annual inflation rate was 38% from 1960 to 2021, the monitoring period. Overall, there was a 1.59 billion percent price rise. By the start of 2022, a product that cost 100 pounds in 1960 now costs 1.59 billion pounds. The annual inflation rate in Sudan decreased from 87.3% in December 2022 to 83.6% in January 2023, the lowest level since March 2020. 1. Zimbabwe, 92.8%. Consumer price inflation in Zimbabwe decreased to 92.3% year over year. In February 2023, from 229.8%, the previous month and moved further away from the 18-month peak of 285% in August 2022. Since September 2022, the annual inflation has been falling, and it recently hit its lowest point since March of previous year. Consumer prices decreased by 1.6% on a monthly basis, the first decrease since June 2018, following a 1.1% increase in the prior month. On February 2, the central bank of Zimbabwe reduced its absurdly high policy rate by 50 percentage points to 150% in anticipation of a continuation of the downward trend in inflation. Inflation is currently calculated in Zimbabwe using a blended method. Given the rising usage of foreign currency in domestic activities within the economy and the high levels of foreign exchange deposits and loans in the banking sector, which are about 65%, Governor Mengudia claimed that blended inflation is the most suitable inflation for the Zimbabwean economy. With the high level of inflation in Africa these days, nations are suffering and trying to regain economic growth. The war on Ukraine is taking a great toll on the world and disrupting trade and prosperity. Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed the video, do well to like, share and subscribe to Africa Reloaded for more exciting videos. Also comment so that we can know your thoughts, and remember to turn on notification to get alerts of newly released videos.


All right, we're going to dig in today with FreeNAS and Active Directory. Now, over the years, this has always been a challenge to set up Active Directory FreeNAS in some form, and they have so much made this better. I am really happy with the progress FreeNAS has made in making your Active Directory deployments really, really good. Couple caveats here, and I want to get them right off the rip. One, we don't usually run a Windows server. Actually, we don't run any Windows servers in our office. So for those of you that are asking why I'm running an evaluation version, we set up this just for this demo and doing some testing with Active Directory and some training with some of the new staff to teach them more about Active Directory. I do some Active Directory. I have other staff that is much more an expert on setting up and fixing Active Directory issues. And that is a frequent problem we run into where other technicians, we take over IT jobs and they've made a mess of Active Directory. So one important thing before you get started is make sure you have a working, properly, not filled with errors Active Directory. Because those can lead into problems of getting other devices to join. And we've had people say, hey, FreeNAS won't join. They want us to help them. We look at Active Directory. They can't get anything to join because they've just gotten so many things wrong in it, have DNS problems and things like that. So I'm not going to jump into step by step how to set up Active Directory. Matter of fact, it's actually pretty easy setup. If you get an eval of Windows Server 2016, you can follow some simple guides and best practices and pretty much next to and yesterday or way through a pretty straightforward setup. Frequently where people get their problems is they come up with their own ideas and way outside of best practices and just start changing the servers around in non-standard configurations and then break Active Directory. So as long as your Active Directory is working fine, this process should go really smooth for you. Now the server itself is at 192.1683.27. This is Windows Server 2016. When you have Active Directory setup, it's very dependent on DNS. So the DNS of the Active Directory has to be working properly for machines to join. This is not just a FreeNAS rule, this is in general how Active Directory works. The reason I bring that up is because you go over here and we look at the name servers. The name server for your systems that are joining a domain needs to be the same as the domain server, whichever one is the head end if you do have multiple servers. Or in the case of multiple servers, you can distribute it across DNS across multiple ones. But it's important that the Active Directory server be here. So people go, well, I use 999 or one of the other public DNS's and FreeNAS won't talk to this domain controller. That is correct. That is a frequent common mistake that causes people a whole lot of headaches where they have the username and password right but they don't have the ability to log in and get all kinds of strange errors, DNS. Now with only one name server, and that name server being the Windows Server 2016, it has no choice but to resolve the proper settings. So now we're going to go over here to the directory. Now the important thing about the way DNS, domain name system DNS, and Active Directory works is you can't just type the IP address of the server. You have to put in, and this is the name of our domain AD.evail. So you can see that right here, the domain, not the name of the server. The domain is AD.evail. So we have AD.evail. Well, how are you going to get AD.evail to resolve? I know it's small, but you kind of get the idea here. I'm able to ping AD.evail, which resolves there. So even before you put any of these Active Directory settings in, if that function doesn't work, you can't ping the domain, stop there and sort that problem out. These are the little steps that you start in the beginning. You'll spend a lot of time. When people jump right to the end, you go, let me just put that stuff in and hit save. This is that little step that will help you. All right. So we have the DNS set. We got a set to be this address. What's the next step? Well, that's pretty easy.  Now there's other ways you can do this. Someone's going to point out, hey, you can do this or do that. I know. If you copy the administrator and you create a copy of the administrator that you use for FreeNAS, so FreeNAS has a username that it can join the domain with and communicate back and forth with Active Directory machine with, that saves you the trouble of you change the username password.  So you want to make a copy of the administrator or you can create a special user and make sure it has all the right permissions. Like I said, it goes out of scope to get into some of those details, but in short, easy way, copy administrator. You can't just use the administrator as well, but you got to remember if you're changing the password, it may get out of sync because of the way the password sinks may not happen. I just always create a second NAS admin and I know that's how the NAS system talks that way. Don't have to worry about that. And this is our NAS admin. Now, important things here. So NAS ADMIN, that's the name, password never expires. So once we set this password, use a good one, leave it, don't set it to expire, make sure it can log on because it's not, that way, nothing changes and disrupts that. And that's right here, our NAS admin. Now I've already enabled this because it's really easy to do. You type the domain AD.evail, NAS admin, the password. These are the defaults, enable monitoring. It just restarts the service if it's disconnected for some reason or some problem and hit save and there's a pause. Now please note, it does take a second on a FreeNAS box, it'll sit there maybe for about 30 seconds or so, I've seen it take up to a minute and then it joins. What it's doing when it's joining the domain and here's our FreeNAS AD, which you notice it's giving it the same name as the system has right here, FreeNASAD.local. Here is FreeNAS AD. It actually adds it automatically. Now previous ones, previous work instructions, you know, a longer time ago, you had to create this server in here, create the computer and do some DNS entries, blah, blah, blah. That is not the case anymore. This was created automatically, so FreeNASAD.AD.evail is right there and away we go, we can see the machine right here. So that did this automatically when we did the directory join. Now one of the things I do after I do a directory join, you don't have to, I just do it to make sure there's not an error on startup. Once I have it joined to the domain, I will go ahead and reboot the server and make sure it reconnects without an error. Just in case there's any problems and I haven't had any, but it's just a, maybe it's something I don't need to do, but I have done in the past to make sure that there's no errors. I do that a lot of times in servers because you leave something and before it's all sudden done, in general, if you reboot it to make sure everything's service comes up and works as expected after a reboot, it saves you that call later if there's a random power outage or something that causes a reboot that then breaks everything that you didn't troubleshoot for. Okay, that part's done. Now let's jump over to storage. Now we've got no storage set up other than the drives themselves are set up. There's not any Z vols or any data sets created and we'll go over here to services. We don't even have the Samba turned on yet. So SMB is actually, I shouldn't say turned on SMB started. There's no actual shares set up. So no entries configured. So now we can start this first get the, get this set up. So here's your active directory. It's connected. It's working. There's no errors. It'll give you errors. It has a, it'll tell you when it can't connect or things like that. We connected fine. So there's no issues and we're going to go ahead here and create a dataset and we'll just call it Windows shares comments. Our Windows share. This is where I've covered permissions when you're not using Windows and say choose Unix. Now we're going to enable right here. We're going to choose share type Windows because we're doing a Windows share. We're going to go ahead and add this dataset. There's our Windows shares. Now this is where you can change permissions on it and this is where things get maybe a little bit confusing for people because it's still default to your standard route wheel. And those aren't available in active directory. So we're going to pull down here and you see AD. But you may notice it seems to stop right here at NAS admin. So why not more people in here? Well, this is where it's a little strange because it may not display all the users in here. But if you know the user, there's a Tom Lawrence user. Let's see what's my login. Okay, I got set up as Lawrence T. I can go here. Now this is case sensitive. So you go here, it takes a second and now it's cached and loaded all the different users. So I type AD slash and this lets me scroll up and down through all the users and select them. So it does auto complete on this. So AD administrator and now here's all of our groups. And if you start filling it in slash, do I have domain users?  You can create all kinds of different shares. I just chose administrator and domain users here. We're going to go ahead and set the permissions recursively and create this. Now we have our windows share created and we got the permission set. So it's owned by administrators and DNS admins have permission in there. So we can look at the permissions again. Everything looks good. All right, now let's go over to our sharing windows, add, browse, there's our windows shares, name. And we don't have to give it the same name, I'll just call it windows. And you don't really need unless you want guest access and all these other little functions turned on if you have some other advanced need. You can use these like only allow guest access would make it wide open. You don't necessarily want that. So we're just going to choose default permissions, call it windows, make the comment, windows share. Okay, and now it's shared. Now we went here and said slash slash free nas ad and there's our windows share. Let's create a folder. Actually we'll call this folder Thomas and we'll go over here. We're going to go to properties, security, add, select a principle. And when I think we got my name in here is Lawrence T. There we go. Give full control to Thomas gonna make this Thomas's folder. And let's remove the everyone access. Well, I have to, it's inheriting permissions. This is, you know, if you're familiar at least with how to do this, I got to remove the inherited disable inheritance. Convert inherited permissions, remove, there we go. Replace all objects, yes. There we go. But if you notice this works like any other share on windows. So now we've eliminated the everyone permission and have just Tom and administrators. So Tom owns this folder, administrators and domain admin users.  This is the importance of the way free nas works is you just, I set this up. So Tom has permissions, Tom has to rewrite permissions. I can set all the permissions just like I do any other windows share. And I'm using free nas as the back end. So we get all the advantages of free nas and ZFS and everything else. But we're doing it all through windows and your standard server permissions. And it's communicating back and forth. And that's pretty much it from there. You're done because this is set up and configured and away you go. Now all the other underlings and underpinnings of the system still work fine. So let's go here, windows shares and let's create a snapshot of it. Mainly create snapshot and I just created a folder called tests. So we'll go ahead and delete that test. Here's the snapshot we have. Let's go ahead and see what happens when we restore it. So we just deleted the test. We're going to go ahead and roll back to snapshot. Are you sure you want to roll back to the state? Say yes and it's back. This is that advantage. And this is one of the popular reasons to use free nas as a back end storage is, you know, I've done an entire video on how snapshots work. They work just as well when you're using it as a storage server for windows. So I can go ahead and quickly revert back to states. I can set up a snapshot maybe every hour. So I have a really solid position on all my data. And this is a frequent use case code. We actually recently did a large company as a municipal with free nas. And there's the reason they went with this is they have been crypto lockered before.  So when it runs through in crypto locks, everything like, oh, no, this is a big mess. Well, it is with free nas. And let's say you have hourly snapshots. And I've explained this entire snapshots more in depth. They only use a differential between snapshots. So you can actually have a lot of snapshots without using a ton of your storage because depending on your use case, a lot of times there's only incremental changes. And this allows for very fast restoration. So you get crypto lockered at 2 p.m. You figured it out. Find the infection. Stop it from spreading. Get rid of that computer on the domain. It was causing the problem. Roll it back to your 1 p.m. You know, an hour ago, if you have hourly snapshots set up. So it can be that fast rolling things back. This is a huge advantage that free nas offers not to mention the redundancy and resiliency and large scale of azfs pool and free nas storage. But this is it for Active Directory. It's like I said, this simple to use. And when you do these restores, like this one here, in case you're wondering, the permissions and everything follow back with it. So even though I cloned and restored, no problem. Free nas is smart. It is able to handle that. But that's it for doing free nas with Active Directory. The biggest prerequisite is making sure the DNS is set right and making sure your Active Directory is set right. Like I said, the number one problem we have in joining free nas is joining it to a domain system that's broken. You've seen how fast it works here on a clean, nice setup. But your problem isn't free nas when it's not joining. Many of the times, like I said, our experience has been if you're having Active Directory issues, make sure other things can join. Make sure your DNS is working properly. Make sure you have the DNS of the domain server in free nas so it properly can communicate. That's it. Thanks for watching. If you liked this video, go ahead and click the thumbs up. Leave us some feedback below to let us know any details which you like and didn't like as well because we love hearing your feedback. Or if you just want to say thanks, leave a comment. If you wanted to be notified of new videos as they come out, go ahead and hit the subscribe and the bell icon that lets YouTube know that you're interested in notifications. Hopefully they send them as we've learned with YouTube. Anyways, if you want to contract us for consulting services, you go ahead and hit launchsystems.com and you can reach out to us for all the projects that we can do and help you. We work with a lot of small businesses, IT companies, even some large companies, and you can farm different work out to us or just hire us as a consultant to help design your network. Also, if you want to help the channel in other ways, we have a Patreon. We have affiliate links. You'll find them in the description. 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In performance contracts, there are definable or deliverable results to be accomplished by the parties. There are contract results that define accomplishment. It is contrasted to service contracts by commitment of legal consideration to gain that result instead of a party to the contract doing some promised activity. The performance focus is on the result rather than the actions that the parties undertake to gain it. Having that prescribed result defines a simplified area of tort law. The result is either gained or not gained. And when one party does their part but the result is not accomplished when the other party refuses, we have an extremely well defined wrong. A tort action on that wrong is fairly well established by the contract itself. The simplest of all performance contracts are those in barter or sales. These are in the form of if this party gives a valued item or money, the other agrees to give another valued item or money in return. Such contracts are only reduced to signed writings for major purchases. Food and other supplies are generally offered publicly for a price and offer of money accepts the price both setting the contract into existence and arranging immediate performance. Consider Robert's contract with the post office when it comes to delivery of mail. The price is agreed and his letter is accepted for delivery without any written contract being signed. Yet the responsibility is clear and the post office becomes the agent for delivery of the item of mail. There is a defined result, the delivery to the indicated recipient, and the delivery will define whether the contract has been successfully completed.  It is such a common method of commerce that the post office sells tokens of valued stamps that can be attached to the mail to indicate satisfactory delivery to the post office and the post office will cancel those tokens as an indication of acceptance for delivery. That contract is highly formalized with close descriptions of what the postal service will and will not accept responsibility for as to delivery. That is part of the contract offered to deliver. A special contract matter, the laws supporting the post office recognize the postal system as the legal agent for the delivery of accepted mail items. Once accepted, it is normally considered as having been legally delivered to the receiver. The trust relation is given legal effect. It takes a separate provision in a legal agreement to require postal delivery at the place addressed. It is common for billing or other goods and services to indicate the date at which a mailed item must be accepted by the post office as the time for acceptable payment. Most of the challenges in sales contracts come from mistakes by one party in the value of what they offer. The breach is refusal to perform after the other party acts to accept the bargain. It can be a mistaken price, say $1.50 where the intended price is $150. It is then that the question of tort arises. There have also been a number of class action applications based on discrimination. It is seen in real estate business a refusal to sell homes in some neighborhood to black citizens. Implementation in these areas has generally been supported by legislation as challenges tend to be culturally indeterminate. The officers of the court might not otherwise address historically permitted social discrimination as a legal wrong. This is approached as a matter of justice. The constitutional challenge is one of representing the understanding of justice by some people as being enforceable over the understanding of justice by others. Our government is to represent we the people not to take sides of some people in their quarrel against others. Government is authorized to act where there is a general recognition of justice by we the people as a body. It is not authorized to act until there is such an agreement that it is the will of the people that is being implemented. Legislation should be used to implement the understanding of we the people rather than to attempt to change what they accept through an act of legislation. The basis for action is far less clear where discrimination is on a personal basis as in a refusal to sign a contract with people of a certain ethnic background. Setting a signature to a document is a most personal decision. The citizen can pick and choose who he or she trusts to keep faith, and that personal decision is sovereign. There is no right in any citizen to demand that some other citizen sign a contract document with someone they do not trust. And accordingly, this sort of direction cannot be required by government under authority of we the people. The people do not have that privilege or authority over their neighbors personal actions and cannot give the right to representative government. Personal actions other than torts and crimes are not to be a matter for regulatory legislation. Maintaining a public establishment of refusing parts of the public as customers can be addressed as improper but should only be accepted as a legal wrong where we the people are the ones who find it unacceptable. The actions of our courts have been abusive due to the general government refusal to recognize the ultimate sovereignty of citizens. The courts commonly look to legislation to define their actions rather than to the principles of the common law or the rights of the citizens as owners of our legal system. If the process of legislation has been completed, the courts will generally apply the law as passed and appear reluctant to further challenge it even where it accomplishes damages to citizens rather than delivering justice services. A law has to be pretty obvious in its denial of citizen rights before a modern court will even entertain a challenge to it. When you buy a major appliance, a vehicle or a real property, then things get more complicated and contracts tend to be written. One of the reasons for this is the interaction that is ancillary to the sale. Dorothy buys a clothes washer and like other major appliances it comes with delivery and installation. The product that is sold is more than a piece of mechanical equipment for it is only useful as it is set in place and connections made to assure that it is operable. Dorothy also buys a vehicle and there are requirements for acceptance of the seller is to protect himself from claims of mistake in what he sells. She needs financing support to make the purchase and there are legal requirements for vehicles that will use public streets. If Dorothy buys a home, the sale will not be complete until there is a recording and possibly the delivery of a deed that has been issued by some element of government. The various legal requirements for completing a complex sale are generally known to the seller who prepares the paperwork suitable to assure that the object of the sale gets effectively to the seller's possession and ownership. Only then is the seller confident that the payment is really his. I was a minor part of a company that had been hired to provide ships radar and military training to the Saudi government and that was part of a larger contract between the United States and Saudi government to provide them with an upgraded Navy. The paperwork that I saw just for this radar system was quite expensive and included the interface with military weapons from an Italian manufacturer that would use the radar to perform high speed operation of the ship's weapons system. The U.S. Navy had responsibility to manage the contract that pulled all this together and caused the assembly and delivery of the hardware and military training for those who would be expected to use it. Formal written agreements are necessary to all parties in such massive endeavors. It is how each partner to the project can know that their interaction with others and can track the progress of other related elements in the larger efforts so that their efforts can be coordinated. The legal challenge was even greater than coordination in terms of agreement. The parties spoke different languages. Assurance that they came to agreement on any specific point was a challenge in itself. This depended not only on the accurate translation of documents, but the cultural environment in which each language had to be understood. The chances for mistake abounded. A parent agreement might have been denied when it came to the definition of product and delivery. The written contract translated in both copies signed was not enough in itself to assure that there really was no serious mistake in what was written and translated. Handling those documents in international dealings is even more complicated when there may be two or more legal systems involved that would approach the documentation differently. And then there is the potential for legal involvement based in equity. This can occur when there are unique objects that are to be the basis for contract. The business that agrees to install a heating and cooling system in a new home construction may well be given the contract on its own reputation. That trust relation has become an element of the agreement and the specific company cannot subcontract to another company to do the work without breaching that part of making and making them liable for problems that arise because their contractor doesn't do what they were expected to do. If the subject is training someone to ski, the skills of the instructor as an educator and skier are part of the agreement. If the subject is a unique lawn declaration, the skill of the artist is part of the agreement. If the subject is an adoption, a specific child being adopted is part of the agreement. There are no legal substitutes for what is agreed and this leads to performances that fail if a substitute is even offered. The offer of one party to exchange a promise delivery for another is an offer of a new contract and the one who has offered that exchange does not have to accept it but can treat it as a breach of the contract that exists. This is a common element for artists who publicly present the results of their efforts. It is not only the artist on commission to provide a statue or painting, but performing artists, signing a contract, performing concert or at some event. Their breach may be more than simple damages and loss of income while some of the risk is always on the one who would purchase such things due to the human nature of delivery. There are elements of contract that are not healed by simple payment of damages. The modern exception seems mostly to arise in the intentional avoidance of constitutionally mandated limits on government where the government is forbidden to pass laws promoting or establishing religion Leadership is acted through the courts to deny that the government can have any expression of religious leaning of the people but ignores the same to give support to the religious leanings of minority groups. It is fascinating to observe the mental gymnastics and political posturing that is required to accomplish the abuse of the majority. There is a direct ban on laws that would interfere with the obligations of contract and it is found in the tenth section of the first article. This section addresses bans on states so strong as to require federal intervention to prevent even the states from acting in violation. Adding an external obligation to pay sales tax on the buyer and on the obligation to collect and deliver sales tax on the seller is an open and obvious violation that the federal government teams to support and that U.S. courts permit. Most recently, there is a federal law mandating that citizens procure a contract matter requiring personal signature contracts, health insurance that meets legislated and regulated standards. The courts, true to their support of a sovereignty of government over citizens have engaged in legal gymnastics to find some way to permit this legislation to be given effect. It is notable that the offending law requires payment of a fine for non-compliance or are we really addressing some sort of conditional taxation which is also forbidden as unequal protection of the law. All this to support the government order demanding that citizens sign a contract. The sovereign citizen understanding is subject to agency. If you have to order people to do it, it is not something that people support. It is then not serving any valid public purpose. Recognized by we the people, we are the only party in interest. Contracts arise from trust relations. Performance contracts have some end result that defines a successful completion of the contract. This includes most barter and sales arrangements which are so common that they are only written when ancillary matters take on importance. The limits that the Constitution puts on interfering with contracts have been flagrantly violated with the collusion of the public court systems. Tax and commercial transactions always adds an obligation to the commercial contracts and is always in open violation of constitutional pay.


Ladies and gentlemen, Top Shelf, Troy Nelson here with, what do you know, the retro-sexual Anthony Green. It is a pop quiz hot shot. It's retro-sexual now. Sorry. Can't keep track. It changes so frequently.  So I think it's going to be, I don't know, I love her look. I'm going to have to go with the bad girl, Penelope Ford. Bad girl from the back. She's got the great glasses. She's got the satin jacket. Don't see any of that right now. Glasses, no jacket. Anyways, I think there's a lot of talented competitors in there. Alley Cat, however. Since her debut, she has hit the Limitless Wrestling Beyond Wrestling joint taping. Impressed there. Debuted this past January in the six-person tag. One of her partners in there, Chris Statlander. Ashley Vox in there as well. No strangers. And Oma. Oh, my Pictowin just got kicked right in the face. I will have to just have a side note. Chris Statlander and Alley Cat both got booked on the spot after their match against each other. Very talented women. Wait a minute. Something's going on in the cosmos here. What is this? Oh, get out of here. That was extra terrestrial. I got to learn how to do that. Okay. I would say the honeymoon's over between that six-person tag team. Shoulda Blackton, no avail. Sickie James ain't going down that easy. It's one thick kitty. Meow. Hashtag. Meow. Alley Cat. Vox and Vox, he's got Chris Statlander off the ropes. Off comes Alley Cat. He's just there with a tackle of her own. Oh, Cat's scratch fever. Oh, that was a good one. Good song, too. Alley Cat on the fly. Hey, big send to Oma Alley. Cat on the cover. Two. Kevin Quinn says two. I'm going to do my best to focus on what is going on on the floor right now between Ashley Vox and Penel before it as you will probably continue to talk about what's going on in the ring. You can call him. I see him. It's hard to see. We've got, it's got to be in the ballpark of 500 here tonight, Anthony Green. Yes, close to 500. It's not a little more than 500 people here in the Westbrook Armory in beautiful Westbrook, Maine, the Pine City or Pine Tree Party City. Scenic. Scenic, Maine. Chris Statlander with a block. Oh! Penelope Ford just crumbling there. And Statlander's calling the board. It looks like Statlander might take to the sky. Take to the cosmos. That's not how possible that's going to be with her there. Oh. Catches are downstairs. Alley Cat. Yeah. Face first without apron. As we all know, the apron, the least padded part of the ring. I'd like to call it the hardest part of the ring, Anthony Green. Good enough. Oh, what is it? A fish hook. She got her. That's a real catch right there. She's got her hooked on a feeling, you know what I mean? That was not a top-up. What is this? More alien stuff. Wait a minute. Can you imagine how much power it takes to do that? She's got to be exhausted after using all of that. All that mind power. Cosmos mind power, exactly. Oh, Big Bad Booty Catty. Booty Catty, yes. What is she trying to get there? She's getting some momentum here. She is a picture perfect. A chin lock. And then a head lock there. Shades of the first ever triple threat matchup in ECW. Yes. Or the most famous. I should make the first. The line was crossed. Shane Douglas, Terry Pump. And the franchise. And as I say, Ashley Vox certainly getting the worst of it there. But also the first to get to the ropes. So the smartest competitor. And what toll is it taking? Alley cat feeling the effect of that head lock. Passed it through the ropes. Outside again. Statlander. Split, Phil. I remember before it has one heck of a split. Oh, beautiful job. You've never seen Mark split Anthony Green. I have. Incredible. He almost beat me in a dance contest. I'd rather talk about that. Ashley Vox. Low pay. Side dive. I called it a low pay. Is that not enough? Very much getting the support from this crowd here in Westbrook. Kevin Quinn trying to call her back in. 500 plus behind Ashley Vox. Suas. Oh, cut short by Penelope Ford. Penelope Ford catches her. They kick to the side of the face. I think our time now though getting back in there. Got to stay on the offensive here. That ball wins it. This is not elimination, Anthony Green. One mistake. You're either getting pinned or you're missing the opportunity to make the pin. Big clothesline. Nope. Oh. Snap German suplex into the corner. Upsy-daisy. Handspring. Catches over the handspring elbow. Beautiful. Penelope Ford off those ropes. Catches over the crusher. Out of nowhere. Only two. Very quick two count broken up by Christian Statlander. So Chris Stratland. Chris. Christian. Sorry, Christian Stratlander. Coming to us. Create a pro academy. Pat Buck. Kurt Hawkins. Yes. The first female graduate of the school. Just recently I saw that getting the official pass from Pat Buck. Brian Myers. Kurt Hawkins. To the buckle goes Vox. He was able to block it in a locked slide. You say I don't think they realize it though. Statlander in. Plain possum. Got the head. All right in the second. Face first. Oh, way easy there. The alley cat catches her. Release German suplex. Looks like he was on that left shoulder of Ashley Vox. Back cracker to alley cat. All four women are out. I guess that is any green. First big mistake is going to, that's going to be the match. First fall wins it. And we have all four women out. If the referee counts them all out. And they all, they all miss an opportunity. Hopefully it would be in no contest. You say so many talented women here.  Soon to be returning to the ring. We'll be seeing Skyler. She'll be returning to us soon. Hot scoop Skyler. Oh, that was awesome. Matriarch of the women's division in Linnopolis. Come on, Duck. Ducking those super kicks. Hose lines. Four of them. Autopunks from Penelope Ford. Chops being dished out. Again, the smartest person in the match in my pick to win it. Walk that one did Chris. The aliens. Back chop. Up top. Full Nelson position. Oh, that wasn't just one. That was two in three. You count your own. Alley cat now. On the exposed turnbuckle. Exposed turnbuckle there. Kevin Quinn's got to get on that. It's like we're Clairvoyant or something. Not quite as Clairvoyant. Chris. The aliens. Very true. Oh, this is a precarious position. Very scary. These three women. What? Oh my Lantosis. Oh. Oh. Alley cat to the floor. Base first goes Penelope Ford. This ain't her lunch. She learned that one from Bear Country. Friends back in New York. Oh, Kessler. The box there on the pin there. Ashley Box gets her. As cliche as it is anywhere on the East Coast, if not the entire United States of America. Isn't that right? Maxwell Jacob Feinstein. He lets Sammy Callahan know on at least ten occasions that he is better than him. He will tell anyone within earshot that he is better than them and that they know it. And right now he is on the outside and he is on the run from Sammy Callahan, the worldwide disruptor. Big shoulder tackle there. He takes down Sammy Callahan. I'm kind of surprised to see that right off the bat. Usually it's something cheap from Maxwell Jacob Feinstein. Yeah, but the shoulder tackle rendered ineffective as he took way too long informing the crowd of his greatness. What does he think he has on? Like the LOD shoulder pads? Just give him one shoulder tackle and a bicycle kick right to the mouth. He told him he was going to kick him in the face. He did. He guaranteed some boots to faces and my God, he delivered within ten seconds of the opening bell. Right onto the audience here. See, Sammy Callahan, he has been known over the years for having some of the most blistering chops in all of professional wrestling. And this good lord right on the apron. Congratulations on the fans. Now, let me tell you something. I... Now, what a...  You know, I really don't like anything about him. No, there's nothing likeable about him. Right in the face. He throws a full water bottle and that is much worse than the water bottles that explode everywhere because there is no give of that water. He's trying to drink it. He probably froze that before he brought it out here to smash right in his face. Massive form right on the throat. What's he setting up here? We've seen this before. Sammy Callahan's going to build a full-schema momentum as he goes around the entire length of the ring. I think he just ate his own spit, which is kind of gross. Friedman hiding behind the referee. Just two minutes into this match, he has to use the referee. This is unbelievable. I mean, when I cheated, at least I cheated when I needed to. He cheats because he wants to. And here comes... No, no, no. He's just mocking. His own maneuver. Boom, man. That same apron.  It's almost like there's nothing on top of that wood to save you. It's not almost like that. It is like that. It is absolutely devastating. This has to be over. If he gets it, no, he's just going to go for the count out. The spine of Friedman is shattered. I know earlier I said, fine, Steen, I was wrong. I don't really care.  He changed his name because he's selfish. We'll call him MJF from here on. MJF it is. How is he still moving his legs? Yeah, the legs are moving, but Lord knows what kind of toll. Look at him. Look at this. Unbelievable. He's trying to buy himself some time. Don't fall for it, Sammy. Yeah, listen. Begging and pleading. On his hands, on his knees. Begging the people to have a heart. Sammy Calhoun passing judgment. Thumbs down from Sammy Calhoun. Slips the soup like... I think... Now, we can't really trust him. Did he take out his knee? Did he blow it out? I, for one, do not trust him.  The referee unfortunately obligated. I mean, as much as I really dislike Malcolm Jacobson. Malcolm Jacob Friedman. I didn't want to screw up his last name. Maxwell? Malcolm. Maxwell. Geez.  I'd say I'm about a coin toss right now. I know who he is. I've seen him wrestle. I'd say it's about a coin toss in my head right now. As to whether or not this is a clever ploy by Friedman. I'm going to tax myself. Yeah, obviously, you never want to see anybody... never want to see anybody legitimately injured. You know, this is not really a nice way to start off. Nothing gold can stay here tonight. It's just you don't want to see this happen. You can even see it on the face of Sammy Calhoun. As much as he didn't like him at the beginning of the match, you don't want to see this as someone as young, you know, trained at the same school that used to be a trainer at. This is kind of... you know, the fans really wanted to see it. I'm sure there's dozens upon dozens of people who came just for this match.  What a scumbag! This is unbelievable! Maxwell Jacob Friedman is a scumbag.   Donovan, have you had the... well, displeasure of wrestling Maxwell? Not in a singles match. We recently had a six-man ladder match that we were both involved in last weekend.  We are both here tonight. You're both better men than me. He is...  He's obviously willing to take any shortcut in the book.  No matter what sheep shots or what sneak attacks. I mean... Not to be lost in this... this clever ruse, this ploy, which was obviously preconceived by MJF, is the fact that he has very effectively attacked the left arm of Sammy Cowhand. I'm not sure if it's the shoulder. I'm not sure if it's the elbow joint, the wrist, the fingers, but some sort of high-impact move on the ropes when he was in the middle of this ploy has totally taken the left arm out of the equation for Callaghan. You know, I put up the forescore using the knees on the arm, once again, just focusing on that arm. If he goes for the stretch muffler, which I know that he usually uses that stretch muffler, he can't link his hands. If he can't link his hands, he can't win the match with the stretch muffler. That's correct. A very effective move used by Sammy Cowhand over the years.  Yeah, that can be just as devastating as any hole.  Friedman staying right on that arm, continuing the pressure, the leverage. He has perfect ring positioning right now. Perhaps if he could get Callaghan a little bit closer to the center of the ring, then he would have Callaghan in a submitting-type position. Matt, just smearing it into it.  It really affects you.  The crowd firmly behind the World Wide Desperado Callaghan. We'll see if he can use that momentum in his favor. Yeah, right back to the arm. Friedman knows exactly what he's doing. Do you think I'm going to get a letter from his lawyers? I'm sure he has a team or a fleet of lawyers. Is he a lawyer himself, perhaps? He may be, but I think that's a little bit racist of you. Not a race? He said his name wrong about six times, and I know I'm going to get a letter, and I'm terrified about that. I don't have any money because I was a pro wrestler, too. What would he sue you for? Defamation of character, perhaps? Absolutely. Sammy Callaghan lying in way. I could kind of see it there, waiting for Maxwell to make a rookie move.  He's just laying into him with those rights, not using the left at all. If you can note that, drives him down again. God, right on that shoulder. It's just one move. Just takes him right back out of the game. Friedman is cold. He's calculating, but that's the key part of it, is calculating. He knows exactly what he's doing. He came into this match with a game plan, a devious game plan, but a game plan, and he is executing it to precision on the left arm of Sammy Callaghan. Coming into the corner. A little bit of a cannonball, not on purpose. Driving Friedman right into that corner. Can Sammy retaliate though? Can he mount some offense? Can he get back in the game? Or is he going to lose to Maxwell, whom he asked for the match against and drive face wash right in the corner? God, these aggressive boots.  To the back of the head, almost to the ear.  Dislocate your neck perhaps. Friedman has no idea where he is. The big splutter, but Friedman fighting out, pointing to the elbow, right to the spine. Back to that left arm. He's going to try to drive him down. God, right on his head. Angle on his neck. Yeah, devastating maneuver by Callaghan, but let's not forget that Friedman has been in control of this match. Dishing out punishment for the last five, six, seven minutes. So it's going to take a lot more than that. Sammy Callaghan is going to need to stream together offense if he wants to pin or submit Friedman. Not for something. Favoring that left arm, but winding up the right, going for a lariat. Oh, he made a mistake there. He went with a left lariat and a super kick right to that elbow that injured on, drives him down. Looking for the kill shot here. That's it. Very resilient on the part of Callaghan. Very impressive. This man will not go down without a fight. This shows you the hardest Sammy Callaghan. He's been around the world. He's wrestled a lot of the best, if not all of the best. It's going to take a lot to put him down, but that knee right on the point of the jaw could have done it. Sammy's not moving a lot. Yeah, it didn't take Callaghan out of the match, but he is in a prone position. Forgot his own initials there for a second. Setting him up. Oh no, a jig and tonic here, slides through right into a... Sammy up. Can he link the hands? Can he link the hands? Let's keep an eye into a pin. Maybe desperation, maybe just trying to get some pressure off that arm to get that shoulder up. Yeah, the pin from MJF was difficult to see from here. It was hard to tell if... I think that left shoulder was up and down. Yeah, hard position for the referee to see the shoulders. That's a difficult pin. Oh god, he's...  Oh, it's stuck. The throw up. Both men down. Both men exhausted, exasperated. Nothing left in the tank whatsoever. The first man to his feet may very well win this match. Come off the road. Bicycle kick. Come off the road. Elbow. There we go. Cover! It was just not enough. Sammy used everything he had.


What was a well-known Bemidji hockey rink has been transformed into an all-sport practice facility. Over the past few months, Bemidji State University's John Glass Fieldhouse has received a major facelift and the work still continues. For the past couple of days, crews have been busy installing astroturf inside the glass where beaver hockey used to be played. Besides the turf, other major additions include a sprinkler system, office space and a larger weight room. With the project nearing completion, the hope is that the facility will help in recruitment and engage the community. It will help us not only in recruitment but retention of our current students to have the opportunity to be able to use a facility like this. And I think it'll be a good boom for the community as well. It's a big space as you can see and we're hopeful that the creativity of our staff and everything we come up with some really mean opportunities in here. Bemidji State will hold an open house for the new John Glass Sports Facility on February 15th. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Welcome to Brafford City, he must be delighted to get the deal, although I'm buzzing to be here really, just looking forward to new season, hopefully do well for years and score a few goals. It couldn't be much tougher start, Sheffield's night tomorrow night, how do you feel about that prospect? I know there's no easy new in it, it's just a bad championship to you straight away, it'd be a good game, I'm looking forward to it, hopefully get a few minutes in it, because that'd be my first game really in pre-season so I'm enjoying looking forward to it. How's your pre-season gone so far?  I've been in training with Middlesbrough, I've been there three weeks now, training but we've not had no games like I said, so there's nothing like match fitness, so I'm looking forward to tomorrow. So it won't be your first time at Valegrade, you've played here before, good experience, how was that talk, was two of your last experience playing here? Last time I played I remember scoring and 2-2 for Nice didn't it, so hopefully fans don't hold that against us. And what did you make of the atmosphere that day? Oh it was unbelievable, I remember when the first whistle went off, like a big roar from the crowd, I got goosebumps on my arms so it was good, I'm looking forward to it. So how would you describe yourself as a player for those who might not have seen you, might not have been here when we last played Barry? Not good, no I'm joking, probably I work hard, I'll give it my everything and hopefully I'll score a few goals, I'll just bear with me really, I'll make mistakes but everyone does. And you've got to experience this league now so do you think that will stand you in good stead? Yeah I've played a few times now, I'm looking forward, I know what the crack is really, I've had me a few burst lips in a few games that started so I'm looking forward to it, yeah I've done it before so hopefully I'll do it again. Do you think it makes a big difference then having experienced in this league than just being used to academy football to think you can bring a different type of edge to our attacking line? Yeah I think academy football is completely different, it's a lot more passive or less tackling, I remember my debut, I got my nose open because I got elbow, I weren't like aware, I was pretty naive so it's got to be street wise aren't you in the league? And as much as you're going to add certain qualities on the field, how would you describe yourself as a character off the field, we've got a good young group of players this season, do you think you'll fit in well with those guys? Yeah hopefully I've seen quite a few young lads, I'll get involved and be happy around the place. Do you set yourself any expectations for the season? I think yeah I just want to score as many as possible but I'm aiming for like I want to score double figures if I can, obviously it depends how much you play, what happens and stuff like that but I just want to beat my total last year. And it's a season long one so does that give you a certain sense that you can settle in? Yeah from speaking to the chairman I think he's really friendly and I seem like a family oriented club really so hopefully I can settle in and do it on the pitch.


Tezal, Hong Kong Located in the center of Kuintong district, our Tezal school in Hong Kong is well placed for easy access to the many attractions the city has to offer. From the nearby MTR station of Ngau Tuk Kok, you can reach the airport, Disneyland, Ka Sui Bay and many other places of interest in less than an hour. Local ferry services will take you to the outlying islands of Hong Kong, while in Kuintong itself you will find a number of restaurants catering to all palates and budgets. Our classroom is on the 18th floor of a recently refurbished office tower in the center of Kuintong district. While sitting in class you will be able to take in the magnificent view of the Victoria Harbor, and as the sun goes down and the city lights up, you will see why Hong Kong is known as the Pearl of the Orient. Nearby Le Yon Mun is a seafood lovers paradise with its numerous markets and restaurants famous for selling fresh fish, crabs, lobster, jumbo shrimp and squid. The training center has a modern lounge equipped with a coffee machine, refrigerator and microwave. We also provide the following services, long distance direct dial upon request, printing and fax with service fees, incoming and outgoing mail assistance.


Ten amazing infrastructural projects transforming Botswana. Do you know that prior to its independence, Botswana was one of the most impoverished countries in Africa, with few paved roads and public facilities, including schools, hospitals, offices, and more. Botswana has grown to be one of the largest and strongest economies in Africa thanks to the perseverance of its first president, Sir Suresh Kama, throughout the years. With the growth and construction of new hospitals, schools, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure developments in recent decades, this little southern African country has experienced fast development. By creating and launching numerous infrastructure projects, Makwitzi Eric Kibetswima Sisi is attempting to uphold the heritage his forebears left behind. Here are ten incredible initiatives that will take Botswana to a new level. Always, if you're a new viewer, kindly subscribe to Africa Reloaded. Also, don't forget to like the video before continuing to watch. Ten. Kazangula Bridge Project The Kazangula Bridge Project, KBP, a multi-nation project on the north-south corridor, NSC, in the South Africa Development Community Region, is a component of a scheme to upgrade the infrastructure throughout the whole corridor. The project's scope comprises juxtaposed one-stop border facilities at Kazangula as well as a bridge connecting Botswana and Zambia across the Zambezi River to replace the current ferry. Around $259.3 million of the project's total estimated cost is covered by a co-financing agreement with JICA. The 923-meter bridge, which has two border facilities on either side, benefits both Botswana and Zambia. It also advances development cooperation and promotes regional integration in southern Africa. Nine. Mohembo Bridge Project It is a 1,161-meters bridge, which is the longest bridge in Botswana. It measures roughly 12.5 meters across, has two lanes and two pedestrian walkways. The Okavango Delta, the 1,000th World Heritage Site, includes the Okavango River, and this bridge is the first to cross it. Villages east of the river on the outskirts of the Okavango Delta will be connected to the rest of the nation by the 1.16-kilometers cable-state bridge. In addition to facilitating travel between Mohembo's east and west, the second-largest project the Ministry will undertake in the northwest of the country, the 45-billion Botswana Pula Bridge will also help the government offer services to the community. Eight. Gaborone Bodle Road Project The Gaborone to Bodle route is undergoing development, which includes upgrading the existing 184 kilometers of road to dual carriageway standard, drainage work on these highways, two interchanges, building livestock and pedestrian underpasses, and installing street lighting. The project, which costs roughly $75.7 million and is wholly sponsored by the government, also entails building two bridges spanning the Plone and Metzomus Wan Rivers. The project was given to Consolidated Contractors Company of Kuwait and China State Construction and Engineering Corporation in February 2017 as a part of the government's effort for an economic stimulus program. The road's completion is anticipated to reduce traffic congestion, increase safety, and enhance traffic, particularly at the Bulbal Junction, which has historically been known to impede movement and even result in deadly car accidents. Seven. North-South Carrier 1 and 2 Project Phase 2 of the North-South Carrier, NSC, currently under construction will duplicate the pipeline to carry water from the Degal Hong Dam, which was finished in 2012, over a 360 kilometer route to the south. The proposed pipeline extension will extend the overall pipeline length by 500 to 520 kilometers in order to supply water from the Zambezi. The NSC is one of the biggest engineering undertaking Botswana has ever done. Six. Free Gabarone Interchanges This involves the construction of free-graded, separated interchanges at intersections of KT Motsit, drive with Willy Saboni or BTV Circle, Kudumat's Drive or Rainbow Circle, Kudumat's Road or Gain City Circle. The project will change the outlook of Gabarone City with improved road infrastructure as outlined in Vision 2036. This project was carried out by Zhangan Engineering and Construction Limited, China Jiangsu International Botswana Limited, and Unit Construction Engineering Limited Joint Venture. The main objective is to improve efficiency of the transport system by building modern business management capacity while enhancing the strategic planning aspects of inter-regional transport and critical transport infrastructure. Five. Masama 100 kilometers water project. The pipeline will be the first of its kind in the North-South Water Carrier 2.2 scheme, transporting clean water from the Masama Aquifer on a dedicated pipeline, requiring minimal treatment because it will not be transferred on the same pipeline as raw water from the dams. The 100-kilometer pipeline connects Masama and Namashia, two Botswana communities near Gabarone. The contract was awarded to Cout of Sivils by the Water Utilities Corporation, which initiated the drinking water project. The South African firm completed the work on a budget of 900 million Botswana pulis, or more than $80 million. As always, a like on this video before you continue watching is greatly appreciated. Northwest Transmission Grid Connection Project. Botswana Power Corporation is implementing a $303 million investment by the government of Botswana. The project entails extending the high-voltage electricity network to the Northwest, Chobe, and Jansi districts in order to meet new power capacity demands and to connect areas supplied by cross-border power lines to the National Grid. The project will be implemented in two phases, with each phase employing 2,100 people during the construction period, with approximately 81% being local residents. 3. Botswana's Airport City Project, Special Economic Zone. Special Economic Zone Authority has awarded Botak-a-Burro a $7.5 million contract for the detailed design, infrastructure development, and construction of Boulevard 1 Road at its flagship SXKIA, Special Economic Zone. SSKIA is a mixed-use SEZ with core activities, including diamond beneficiation, aerospace and aviation, cargo, agro-processing, pharmaceuticals, engineering, specialty automotive, and plastics injection molding. The project will include the construction of a 1.8-kilometer dual carriageway that will connect with Airport Road just next to DTCB. It will also include an urban design scheme for underground service provision, such as water, wastewater, surface water, fiber, power, lighting, smart city ducting, and CCTV. This will be a multi-use facility with residential, retail, industrial, civic, and community amenities. 2. Botswana Oil Storage Facility Project. The 186 million-liter Chiel Hills Oil Storage Project, for which Botswana Oil has been given the go-ahead, intends to enhance the nation's strategic oil reserves from the existing 18 days to 60 equivalent of the country's usage. Botswana Oil Limited BOL will put into practice a product diversification strategy and develop an oil storage project to ensure the efficiency of the supply of patrolling products to Botswana. To serve the southern region of Botswana, the 171 million-liter Chiel Hills Storage Facility will be built. Gaborone Traffic Command and Control Center Project. In the center of Gaborone, a cutting-edge, unique road traffic command and control center will be built. The departments of Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Roads Engineering will all contribute officers to the center. At monitoring locations throughout the city, traffic control, and surveillance devices have been placed as part of the project. These locations will continuously keep an eye on the condition of the main thoroughfares of the city, digitally transmitting that information to the Command Center for Analysis and feedback transmission to the roadside surveillance systems. These initiatives are part of the larger Botswana Integrated Transport Projects, which will be carried out in stages with funding from the World Bank, the OPEC Fund for International Development, and the Government of Botswana. Thanks for watching to the end. Please remember to like, share, comment, and subscribe to Africa Reloaded. Also, remember to turn on your notification icon to get alerts of newly released videos.


All right guys, so we made it to Vegas. We just had dinner with a few agents. We're going to start this week out right here at R4, the International Remax Convention. So much stuff going down. So many good speakers. We're going to meet so many good people. We're going to network. We're going to build our business. We're going to continue to build those relationships within the organization. And I just can't wait to do this. What's up guys? Here we are day one in Vegas with Remax. So I'm about to go get registered and hit the video summit. And then we've got the meet up tonight. So looking forward to it. Everything's there. It's a full course, action plan, and then we do live training twice a month. Yeah, stop. They're like real high pressure. Like high pressure. Oh, like, like the ball. That doesn't work for me. So like, as soon as like, I learned about you and the relationship to that was much more my style. Yeah. Okay guys, what is up? So this was day two in Vegas at the R4. The opening session this morning, Marcus Lamones spoke to us from the profit. And so didn't really know what to expect exactly. But it was it was incredible. It was kind of kind of got emotional a little bit too. But he really was he came out and he told us stories, something that nobody really knows about him, how he was an orphan. He had an eating disorder. He bowed depression, steel to this day. And he used that to open us up to him and had people in the audience tell him things that they've never told me about. He used this as an example of how to create relationships and how to grow stronger with people. He said that the secret to business is leveling the playing field and opening up. So they open up back to you. And what happens is is incredible. It goes back to everything that I say about relationships. And his his last the last few things he said was about how the people that come in come to us as prospects as leads as people who need help, they need us more than we know. And we want to help them through whatever the life struggles are of why what's the bigger why. That's another thing he talked about was the bigger why why they want to buy or sell or why they're wanting to do things that want to do the same stuff I preach. So it was a pretty incredible session. Damon Johns coming tomorrow from Shark Tank. So that's going to be really exciting looking forward to that. I made a lot of really good connections out here. You know the CEO of Remax. I set up several Zoom sessions for companies all across the country for the next couple months. I'm also talking to a lot of people about speaking at the next convention. Tons of podcasts. So all in all so far been a really incredible thing. All right we're going to cut that. I'm the first free coach. I don't want any money from the agents. I want to make money off speeches, books, affiliates, sponsorships and all that stuff. I want to teach the agents what I'm doing and maybe they can take a piece of it and go succeed. That's the whole point. Hey when I go up there watching it come up there and get me like going across stage there the whole day. I just started doing it man. I got bored in the real estate because I was doing a hundred deals a year and I was like I'm kind of bored. What's the end goal? For me it's my life. I love making people successful. That's why I get my rocks off. I love it. I have no, my end goal is real simple.  A lot of brokers have an issue with stuff like what Ricky's doing. Shit I'm his biggest man. I'm like I'm behind each other.