Hey, friends, you're watching behind scene Divine Intimacy Radio. We're talking about part, we're doing part three show of Uniformity of God's Will and we're just going to jump in on your market set. Go. This is Dan, Stephanie and Jordan Burke. Welcome to Divine Intimacy Radio.   You're a monastery of the mind where we lift our hearts and minds to heaven to navigate the tumult of this very difficult life. And we have an amazing guide to do that today, which is St. Alphonsus Liguri. And Jordan Burke. And Jordan Burke. That's right. And we're working through my latest book, which is a reflection on an amazing letter he wrote called Uniformity with God's Will. And if you're following along, we're in chapter two, Uniformity and All Things. And in this chapter, St. Alphonsus really starts to dig into this question of how do we respond when God moves, either he causes or allows something, can indicate to us how ready we are to follow his will and can reveal how weak that readiness is or how strong it is. And then when it's revealed that it's weak, we have this beautiful moment of encounter where we can either, we can either sort of fight the junk in us to deal with conforming, or we can yield to our own sinful, which is usually what it is, response or frustrated response. So I'm curious, what I'd like to hear from both of you, is there an example in your life, recent, more recent, the better, because you've been working for a while, but it'd be good for people to, or maybe in the past, and maybe some contrasts, where there was a circumstance that initially caused you to really be frustrated or angry or whatever the negative emotions are, meaning you're resisting as well. You realized it in the moment because of this, this what we're studying.  So I don't know, either one's fine. Yeah, I mean, I have a lot of examples, but I don't know. I don't know which ones I can tell. You know, some of them are very personal. I think, you know, recently I mentioned in the show previous to this one, the second show, that I gave a talk this weekend. And originally, I didn't want to do it. And that's just kind of my demeanor.  Sure, I guess. You know, I'd rather be in a cave somewhere, right? But so there's that struggle. But then in that recognizing that that's something that God is calling me to and to resist is to be like Jonah, who probably will be close friends and have it if I ever make it there. But in the midst of trying to write that talk, so saying yes to God's will in that sense and saying, yes, I will do this talk, there was still a lot of internal struggle to the point where I couldn't write anything. I couldn't think.  I talked to you all about it. I was just banging my head against the wall for an entire day. You mean the Lord was asking you to do the harder thing? Right? I know. Yeah. Imagine. Imagine that. Instagram page. Yeah. And shameless plug. Yeah. And do the harder thing. It was it was interesting because it's it's it once I say yes, it's generally very easy for me to just write something out. In this case, it was extraordinarily difficult. And I was I was just struggling with it. And in that, and I'm resisting the struggle to I'm frustrated that I'm struggling.  Whatever these things are, right? So it's a lot of internal just, just wrestling.  You're wrestling because what he wants you to talk about is something that you've struggled with for a long time. And you need to experience this feeling of wrestling so that you can articulate it. You need to be brought. So my spiritual director, as an example further better example, it's easier to articulate this way. When I was given talks on pornography overcoming that, you know, I told him every time I'm about to give one of these talks the week prior, I'm in an extreme desolation for an entire week prior to this talk.  And that's for me recognizing, you know, uniform or unifying myself with God's will and realizing you're permitting me to feel this desolation for a purpose that you have gained me the experience or or some some outcome that you want. Yeah, you've got a big one. Oh, Lord, which which ones? Which ones are you alluding to? I have a list. Mama. Mama. Mama. Oh, Lord, have mercy. Yeah. So painful. Yeah. Yeah. So I mean, I know a lot of families are dealing with this struggle. My mom has been diagnosed with dementia. She's had it for years. And she took a really hard turn south. It just went really recently, you know.  He's 86. He's my my deacon dad, my stepdad. But he's been good. He's been my dad for years and years and years they have I don't know, 40, 40, 50 year marriage, 40 years, something like that. Beautiful people. Yeah.  So he's 86. She's 83. And I you know, I went to see them. And I stayed for two weeks, you know, almost two weeks there to try to help out because they're staying at my my eldest step sister's house. And we're trying to figure out how to navigate how to serve them how to serve them. Dad's going to therapy. Mom is struggling like crazy. And you know, I'm watching all this happen. And I knew I had to leave. Because I married, I have a husband, there's a ministry, you know, there are souls that are waiting to go through deliverance and my spiritual directories and all of that. Like, I like the Lord is saying, I've called you to something I need to go home. And this is something that's going to be really hard in the stomach for a lot of people. But I was struggling because I thought, I don't know what's going to have how my mom's going to be when I leave. I didn't want to cause her more suffering.  Yeah, just pain. She's suffering. Just terrible pain. It's heartbreaking. And it's it's very it's a it's a hard struggle. She's got a fiery spirit makes it all the harder I think. And and so I I'm languishing in this but I haven't articulated it to anybody. And I'm just staying faithful to my prayer. And I'm just laying everything at the feet of the Lord. And but this is ruminating in my head. I'm worried about how she's going to react. I get up the next day the day before I'm supposed to leave. And I walk into the kitchen and she turns and she looks at me and she says, Hey, when did you get here? And I had been there for weeks. That was the only day that she did that. And it was like the Lord saying, follow my will. Follow my will. And you know, the day I left, which was the next day. And and he was comforting me, you know, letting me be detached of that. The next day I get up and you know what the scripture verse is? What? And he who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is not fit for the kingdom of God. I'm reading this as I'm flying away at 6am in the morning. I left in the dark weeping. I was I was weeping. I was grieving.  I wanted to be the one who cared for her protected her, consoled her to care for bodily needs. God hasn't given that to you. He hasn't. Because she's in Texas. He hasn't given it to me. Yeah. But he's given me a heart of love and sacrifice. Yeah. And so following God's will versus my will was leaving was leaving and going back to what he asked of me. Not what I wanted to do. And it's even brings tears now. It does. It's such a struggle. But you know what? I know that he's working in this and he's he's sanctifying the rest of my family. He's working in and through this pain and this struggle. And even, you know, I know this as part of my mom's purgation, right? And it's just excruciating excruciatingly painful, not and especially they're also the whole family is just beautiful, wonderful people. Yeah. I mean, and especially at least an hour. Yeah. And it's so hard to watch the pain. Yeah. Yeah. But but so often that get giving my heart completely over to the Lord, to say, I'm going to go where you lead me, I'm going to do what you ask of me. And you got to take care of mom. And I've got it. And I have to surrender my mom to him. And he's letting me know, I've got her. She's not going to suffer more because you're not standing by her side. I'm in control of this. Let go. Well, that's how complicated this topic is. And that's a perfect example, because at this point, you have listened to God's will so far in your life, or you come so far in your life, that you recognize God has called me to do X Y Z. I have these things, these ministries, these other things, aside from the state in life things that we have to answer to. And, and you even have to balance that out. When people are understanding, well, how do I do God's will? It's like, well, I want to, I want to fulfill the commandment of honor your parents. But in this case, you are right. And that's really hard for people to understand. You are honoring your parents by doing this, because you are supposed to be doing it. You're supposed to be doing it. And God's doing it. He needs to do and wants to do things that we will not understand until we're with him, while we're fulfilling what he has called us. Yeah, I mean, there's so many levels to this. And I have really truly understood that my role, what my part in this is now become sacrifice, prayer, every rosary, every man and every time there's a phone call where there needs to be help, right? I'm there. Yeah, I will have to go back out. You know, we're going back at Thanksgiving to go to go just love and serve the family and check in and see how things are going. But you know, that that was a wind of time that I was able to carve out to go. And we just we have to do what the Lord asked us. And is it maybe this will help people? Is it struggling with the feeling of abandoning something else? When in reality, we're not abandoning, we're, we're putting it on the altar for God to deal with. Trusting. Right. That's the difference. Yeah, the flesh or the devil would say, to try to bring guilt, you're abandoning. Right. The truth is, you're, you're giving it over to God. Because if you look at the sovereign plan of God, in this case, we have, we, for years, we asked them to come to Alabama. We would build them a place and we would help them. And that wasn't God's will. And so it wasn't given to us. They're in doubt. They're in Fort Worth, where we have wonderful people who are caring for them. And and that's what God decided. We didn't decide that air flighting him out, forcing the whole thing. He didn't just, you know, my parents didn't decide it. We didn't decide the Lord said, in by these circumstances, I'm going to put them here where they're going to be cared over and watched over by family and some really good options for their wonderful options. I mean, state of the art. Yeah, world-class medical care. But I think in our flesh, so often, we want to do what we want to do that feels right to us, and not understand that even in these circumstances, the Lord's at work through my mom suffering, the Lord is transforming and my family. Yeah, beautiful conversation. My siblings. It's crazy. It's beautiful. Yeah. So hard. It's sort of it's beautiful, as we say, beautiful, brutal and beautiful. When you see what God is doing. So we get back from the break. We're going to do another example of this with dealing with illness, because of Liguri actually brings that up specifically, we'll be right back. And your market said, Oh, welcome back. Welcome back to Divine Intimacy Radio. You're with Dan, Stephanie and Jordan Burke today. We're doubly blessed today to have more of the family to talk through this great subject. We're talking through just key highlighting key points in my new book, Finding Peace in the Storm, which is reflections on St. Alfonso Liguri's uniformity with God's will. And I think, frankly, the best antidote, I mean, there's three books that we mentioned, but this is one of the three best books out available on understanding difficult times, understanding, how do I find peace? How do I find God's will? How do I bring myself in conformity? So on page 27, St. Alfonso says, further, we must unite ourselves with God will not only in things that come to come to us directly from his hands, such as sickness, desolation, poverty and death of relatives, but life, likewise, those we suffer from others, for example, contempt and justice, loss of reputation, temporal goods, and all kinds of persecutions. On these occasions, we must remember that that while God does not will the sin, he does will our humiliation and our poverty, and our mortification as the case may be. Yeah, yeah. So I have a great example here. A loved one. I won't say who it is. There were a number of layoffs at work. And as we were in discussion, you know, there was, there was a huge amount of need for the income that was coming in, right? And you could kind of see it on the horizon, you know, the economy has been pretty bad. And so there was one layoff. And I said, it's coming, you know, it's coming, the layoffs coming, because your position in this, in this organization, isn't crucial. And they just haven't figured it out yet, because they're struggling financially, or whatever it is, right? Cutbacks is, you know, the economy to be clear, this is not our organization.  It was it was a loved one who was working for an organization. And the and the, you know, the layoff came. And then there was one layoff, there was a second layoff. And then I get the call. I lost my job like that. No severance, no nothing overnight. And all of a sudden, no backup plan, no resources, you know, because when you're living in a real way, not irresponsibly, but paycheck to paycheck, because they're young, you know, then that that's a real burden.   Okay, now let's get to church, go sit at church, just be in God's presence, and put it at his feet and surrender it and come to a place of peace before you do anything else. And what's most important, guard your heart from any kind of bitterness, doubt, despair, narcissism, anything that's going to take you the wrong direction. Because when we come to those storms, the temptation is, you know, we do go into desolation, and then we run, and the enemy runs with it, and can really wreck us, can turn us into bitter, angry, frustrated people that we all know out in the world that we see all over the place, right? But in that moment, it was no surrender to this, surrender to him. And then you get up and do the next right thing. And God be praised through that trial, tremendous graces, and a month of every day, every day, surrender prayer, application, surrender, application, holding together, keep an eye on got a great job, got a job that far outweighs the other, fully remote, and is enabling them to do the other things that they want to do. It doesn't always work out that way. It doesn't. But in this case, it did, it did out of out of trust and faith, you know. Yeah. So did you have something, Jordan? No, I mean, just more often than, more often than not, though, that's what happened. Because you've given what he wants, which is it's saying, in this tough circumstance, whatever the situation may be, whatever hardship may be, Lord, your will be done. It's Jesus in the garden, right? Let this pass, this cut pass for me, but your will be done. Yeah. And in that, there's tremendous grace. Well, it's a real understanding that God is sovereign. And that's the, the first thing that the enemy wants us to, to forget. Yeah. Oh, God's not in this. Where is God? He's napping. Where was God in your, in your storms? He went on vacation. He's in the Bahamas. But you know, that's not true. He's paying attention to him. He's allowed this. The producer. He's either willed it, or he's allowed it in order to bring about a greater good. So another example, I just want to be just give real examples. You know, the first show in this series, this is the, is this the third show? So you could, I could barely talk. And, and my, my vocal cords were inflamed, my lungs were inflamed. I was really struggling. So since then, I've been on a path of recovery. And to, and I've been tapering down medications that make me feel terrible. And obviously, I can talk way better than all that. And I thought, okay, I'm out of the woods, and I'm going to be fine. Two days ago, wrong. And I started to go backwards again. And there was, there is a moment because I lost a lot of sleep a couple of nights, because I'm coughing, I can't breathe, I can't lay flat and all of this. And there are moments in there. And even now, like right as I'm talking, there's a little bit of darkness, a little bit of desolation, trying to creep in.  I hate the way it makes me feel. It helps me not to die, which is good. But, but I don't like it. But I was up in the chapel yesterday. And just a theme that the Lord has been reminding me, I was looking at him on the crucifix.  And so I'm like, okay, I'm with you. And I'm sorry for your suffering. Because you couldn't breathe because of my sin and the sins of the whole world that were laid on you. And so I get the gift again, it's not as severe as it was. But I have a gift. And even now my lungs are rattling as I'm speaking. But I get this gift of being able to be more intimate with Jesus, more united with him and his suffering to offer it up. And we have the marriage retreat coming, we have all of this. And so, so even when you are down, let's say, which I am a little bit, even when you're in desolation, you can still choose to be conformed to his will. And you can say, in spite of how I feel, and by the way, I offer up how crummy I feel, if it's irritation, if it's sadness, for me, it's weariness, you know, just like how long am I going to fight this thing? It's been months now. When is this going to end? When is it going to end? But, but what happened to me as in that moment in particular is as I, it allowed me to rejoice. And it's a weird kind of rejoicing. It's not a rejoicing like, Hey, Yippee-ki-yay, isn't this wonderful? I can't, I can't breathe and things weren't getting, you know, it's not like that, but this weird kind of goofy, false thing. It is a deeper kind of rejoicing. It's a gratitude. Because, you know, I get to know him in ways that people who have never had severe lung disease get, get to know him, because that's a unique kind of suffering that he experienced. And that's a gift. And I'm grateful for that gift, because I know what to do with it. I know how to offer, offer it up. And, and then there's this progression of cooperation in this whole thing, like in all of these circumstances, there's a, there's a maybe a, okay, I accept this. That's good. There's, there's merit there. It's better than fighting or it's a yes, this is good. This is another deeper level, right? And then there's another one, which is yes, I need this, I embrace this. I understand it's your will. Yeah. And then there's another one, which is yes, now I'm going to fully cooperate with it. So it's not, it's, it's a, you know, it would be one thing to just accept the suffering. It's another to say, I offer it up, which is joining with him. It's another to say, I want it, if it's your will. And most people, just to be perfectly clear, are going to have to start with that act of the will that says, okay, I accept this. The early one. Yeah. Right. Right. I mean, that's just where it starts. It's the same thing with forgiveness. You have to choose to forgive someone, even if you don't feel like it. Right. You have to make that act of the will. It's the same thing with unifying your will to God's will and on a deeper level. You have to, if you're starting there, that's fine. There's merit there. Yeah. But eventually, as you said, there's deeper levels of commitment and deeper levels of relationship that will come as a result of you subjugating your will to what you know is right. Over and over and over again. The more you do it, the more you enter more deeply into it, the more you draw near to him in it, the more you cooperate in it, the more you then you become an instrument. Right. Right. Of his grace. Yeah. So I don't know if it's okay, but I'd like to make a given example of a married couple. Sure. And what this looks like.   He was the cutest guy. He's the one who pursued me. You're talking about me. We got, you know, whatever, right? For all the wrong reasons, you end up married to somebody. Oh, yeah. And you find your, and when you got married, you were kind of both off the rails. And then, then the Lord breaks through. Normally, he breaks through through childbearing. And more often than not, it's not all the time, but a heavy percentage of women convert before men. Like it's the suffering. It's the, the, you know, the appreciation of childbirth and being able to cooperate in this. It's so miraculous and incredible to carry a child and then have this baby placed in your arms. And it just changes you. You're never the same when you've carried in how to child. And so the Lord uses that and he rushes upon you, right? And a lot of women, that's the beginning of their conversion. So then the Lord's rushing upon them. And all of a sudden, they're not the same woman that the guy married and he's going like, what happened to my wife? And he's not on board with the faith, but she is, right? And that's a whole nother level of suffering, right? And so you've got this pain and this, this dis ease in the marriage, the wife's being called the husband being called, but he doesn't recognize it. He's not cooperating. And so there's that pain and discord of my marriage, like is falling apart. It's painful. I don't feel connected to my husband. He's not with me. And this can also be husbands with their wives because I know a couple of examples of crazy conversions of guys and their wives didn't come along with them. And and so that pain and their suffering has caused them to distress. So that's another place where that uniformity with God's will with giving into his divine will is so very important because you have to take that suffering and you offer it to the Lord for the sake of your spouse, for the sake of the unity of your marriage and you have to get beyond the anger, the disappointment, the frustration to turn it into a life giving suffering that's united to the will of God because he's sovereign. He's allowing this to happen. And hopefully he will bring it to its fruition. Then as we're about to close, you may be the only person who's going to pray and sacrifice for them. That's right. And your prayers in that case, because it's forgiveness and your own suffering are way more powerful than any prayers that anyone can offer. Pray for the person that's persecuting you or breaking your heart is the most powerful prayer. Okay, so until next time. May the God of peace make you perfect in holiness. May he preserve you whole and entire spirit, soul and body irreproachable at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.


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Uh, welcome to track one. It's a 430 talk. Uh, this is Nicholas. It is his second, second time speaking. So there'd be no shots involved. Sorry. Um, anyway, give him one welcome. Thank you. Alright, so the title of this talk is Spoking the S in SD cards. Uh, when I started this I was wondering why SD stands for Secure Digital. So there might be something secure, right? But exactly how it works because it's just a simple memory card you put in, you place your files and that's it. Oh, ah, yeah, sorry. Oh, yeah, way better. Sorry. Okay, so SD stands for Secure Digital. I was asking why is Secure 4? Uh, this is not a physical attack so everything is only about the protocol that is using by, that is used by the SD cards. So the first step is beforehand what is an SD card? Everybody saw an SD card, of course. Um, it's basically a microcontroller which interface the SD interface with a flash memory. Uh, if you want more information you can see there was a, there's a great talk by Bonnie and Ksobs, uh, that was, uh, at the CCC, uh, where he decapped, uh, the SD cards. He showed exactly how it works from the inside. But we are not doing exactly this. We are going to play with, uh, the communication protocols. And basically those cards do support three different communication protocols. The SPI, classic SPI communication. The SD or UHS-1 protocol which uses more data lines so the transfer speeds are way better. And there's a newer one, maybe you didn't see it, uh, you don't see that often. It's the UHS-2 which has way more, uh, connectors, a second row of connectors. And it uses different shunt lines to, uh, to transfer even, uh, faster, uh, data. So, uh, to get access to the, uh, specifications and to know exactly how it works from the inside, uh, I can, you can go to the SDCards.org website. They, they, uh, offered, uh, some general specs in simplified form. The document is only 262 pages so it's quite easy to read, right? And it presents the general description on how to interact with SD cards but, uh, uh, at a really low level. For instance, this is the initialization sequence. I won't go into the details, don't worry. It's just that there's a lot of different comments and depending on the type of cards, uh, his generation, you need to send comments, maybe the card will not respond, then you have to do another thing, then maybe it will respond that is a new valid comment so that means it's a third kind of card. So, yeah, it's a bit messy but once you read and, uh, poke with it, you, you, you cannot get some resp- replies back to from the card. So, this is good. So, uh, I won't go into the details of all the PDF, just so you know that the protocol is basically a query and response, uh, protocol. So, as the master saw the, the device, your computer, sorry, you send a comment, then the card will respi- will reply back, back with more information. Uh, for instance, uh, there's the CMD zero. This is the first comment you need to send to the card. It will basically, uh, re-initialize the, its status and it will reply with a, okay, I'm here. So you know that your card is available. Uh, there's a communication protocol. It's using, uh, six bits for a comment. Then you need to send up to 32 bits of arguments. There's a CRC and some bits. Good thing is that in the SPI mode, the CRC, you, you don't need the CRC in the SPI mode so you can just put all zeros and that's fine. As I said, the protocol is a bit a mess because depending on the comment, you have seven different response formats. So sometimes it's only eight bits that you receive by a back. Sometimes it's 32 bits. Sometimes, uh, it just sends an ad knowledge, then it sends a packet back. So every comment has to, uh, has to, has its own parser to, to parse the, the reply. To communicate with the, uh, uh, to communicate with the, the, the memory or the file, the files within the card, uh, four bytes is not that much. So there's also a block transfer mode where basically you send first, uh, uh, block start comment, which is just 0xfe.  Then, uh, you need to send the CRC. And then the card will, will process, uh, the information. There's no length checking by itself. By default, it's 512 bytes. But you, uh, you have a comment, which is the comments 16 that allows you to change the data size. So, now that I know exactly, well, not exactly, but now that I know how it works, uh, as I looked for all the security features of the cards. So the first, uh, one that shows up is the SDMI, uh, uh, specifications, which is, uh, unfortunately not the, the, the purpose of this talk. Because it's only, uh, all the documentation is only available to SD members. And there's no way to, uh, get this file. Except if you try to google it, because apparently it has been indexed and it's, it can be downloaded directly. Uh, but there's also another way, another, uh, possibility to protect your data from the card. And it's available to two commands, which allow to set a password on, on the card. So when you enter the, when you set the password, the next time you place the card in it, you cannot read anything from it unless you provide the password again. Then the card would be unlocked. And with this, uh, once it's unlocked, it's acting exactly like a normal SD card. Also, those commands, uh, those specific commands, uh, for the, uh, password protection are mandatory to, to get the SD label. So basically nearly every card, uh, every SD card on the market supports those commands. But it's not used by any operating system I know. So, so what I did? Basically, uh, just using my laptop to send command was not really, uh, easy to do. So I used, uh, a div, uh, an hydro bus device which is kind of a bus pirate clone. And I did, uh, uh, small python script to drive the, the SPI bus and to be able to send a row commands to the device. So basically here's the setup. I have the interface there. I communicate with it in USB. And I send command and then there's the SPI communication going through this. And you have the SD card adapter right here. So how does it work? You have the CMD 42 command which is, uh, his command name is lock and lock. And it's, uh, it allows you to set, uh, password up to 16 bytes long. I say bytes and not characters because you're not limited to printable characters. You can set any byte you like. So the key space is, uh, of, uh, 128 bits. So kind of, kind of a lot. And it's, it's difficult to, it's, or nearly impossible to brute force. It will be, take way much time. So the command takes, uh, different parameters. Uh, basically it's just, there are some bits that you can, uh, set to the card. And they will, uh, trigger different functions. So basically you have the set and reset passwords. You have the clear password. So if you forgot your password, you can use the clear bit to make the card reset. So it will wipe the flash and then the card is, uh, unlocked again. You have the lock and unlock command. So at first, uh, I used it, uh, to try to lock the card and, uh, to unlock it, you actually have to set the bit to zero. That's kind of strange. You can also erase the password once the card is unlocked. And the COP is, uh, is a new mode that I will talk about later. So how to unlock exactly an SD card in practice? You have to send this CMD42 command. Then, uh, the data block with the lock bit unset. The password bytes, uh, a CRC, which is, uh, uh, useless, but you have to send it. And then the card, the, the, what will the card do? It will, uh, set, uh, its data outline to the ground. While it's processing the password, and once it's done, the line will be up again and you can read the status of the card. Funny thing is that if the card is, uh, sending you a command that it's busy trying to, uh, analyze your password, what you can do is something quite fun. I placed it here. You can see, uh, this is, uh, logic analyzer output. So you can see here it's the command I sent to the card. Here's the, here, sorry, is the password block. And here is the response from the card. So you can see that the line is put down to zero for some time while the card is, uh, processing my password. So I did put a password of one, two, three, four, five, six. And if I zoom in this part here, if I zoom in, you can see that when I put a password length of five characters, it will take approximately 55 microseconds to process. And if I put six characters, it takes a bit more time to process. So, basically, what happens is that the SD card, the password checking functions is, uh, vulnerable to a timing attack. And you are able to verify that, uh, the password has the correct length based on the time it takes to, uh, reply. So you try to send a password with, uh, the length one. It takes some time, two, it takes some time, three, maybe it takes more time. So you know that the password is, uh, of length three. And then it will try to, uh, check every character one after the other. So you can basically brute force a byte per byte and recover the password from the SD card. Sorry. So, having all those schematics and taking all those, uh, measurements by hand is not really easy to do. So, since this information here, the, the fact that the data, the data line is at zero, um, what I can do is basically use my SPI interface and try to read as much bits as I can. And since all those bits will be at zero, I can count them and I will kind of know how many time it took to, uh, to, uh, to check the passwords. And once the, once I detect a one, again, so once it's finished, I know that the length is, uh, the computation is over and I can do something. In practice, what does happen? I did, uh, this small script here and if I set the, uh, my famous password 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and I run my script, you can see that for password lengths of zero, it took, uh, it read, uh, 122 zeros before the card was, uh, uh, available again. For one, it read 124 zeros. And at length six, you see it's the only one which was a bit longer, so you know that the correct length is six. I have a demo which unfortunately is not live. So what I do here is I initialize the card. I can get its status, so for now it's unlocked. I will send the lock command with the password I will set. So I put my famous password 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. I will check the status of the card. It's in locked mode now, so I'm not able to read data from it. I will receive an invalid command and there's no data from the card. What did I do? Yeah. So now I can run my brute force tool. So it will track all the different, uh, password lengths to find the correct value. It says that's okay. And then it will try every byte combination to try to find my password. So it takes a bit of time. And then it brute force the last characters. And once my card is unlocked and I try to read the data, I can get data from the card. So once I have my card which was working, I was quite happy of course, but I was thinking so maybe there are more cards that have the same problem. So I bought different SD cards. I went to the store. I bought some cards from different vendors, different sizes. Uh, I also asked colleagues and friends to, to lend me their cards just to, to have a look of it. And guess what? The only card I, I locked permanently, I was, I still don't know how to unlock it. Basically it's broken. It's, uh, uh, colleagues of mine, not, not one of my cards unfortunately. So I did lock all those cards with the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 passwords and I tried my brute force again. And it sometimes worked. It sometimes didn't. And sometimes there was some funny results. So for instance, I get some, uh, Sony SD cards. And it has, let's say a protection on the brute force which, uh, makes it, uh, refuse the CMD42 command after the third failed attempt. That's quite good. The only thing is that you, uh, just need to send one, uh, command zero. So you just reset the card by the interface and then you have three more tries. So it's just a bit, uh, it's just a bit, uh, longer but not that much. The Sony US micro SD cards also, uh, have something different where basically I was not able to, uh, read the zeros. So I know that there was something but I was not able to read it because it was really, really, uh, fast. So I tried with a logic analyzer. It was still not fast anymore. So not fast enough. So I went to, uh, a colleague of mine and, uh, uh, borrowed a huge oscilloscope. And I'm able to sample way faster and then I'm able to see the really small difference between length five and length six. Five, six, five, six. Don't see it. That's normal. But yeah, you can still do it. It's just, uh, a bit more complicated. Uh, there's also, uh, something strange in, in, on Kingston SD cards where I was able to find, to, to find the, the, the password lengths but then I couldn't find any, uh, I couldn't brute force the, every, uh, byte. So I did some tests again and basically what I did was, uh, I set up the oscilloscope again, put, uh, five zeros, then six zeros so I can find the length. That's fine. Then I set the first byte, the first byte to be correct. Second one, third one, still nothing. And at the fourth one, you'll see a time difference. So what happens is that, uh, this card checks the password by groups of four bytes. So I would assume that the microcontroller inside is a 32 bits one. So it's, uh, bits different. So the, the attack is still doable but you have to brute force, uh, by groups of 32 bits. So in my results, uh, I have all those cards, uh, please be, be careful about, about what's written here because this is the, this is the, the name that is written on the card. But inside of the card there's a, not, it might be another manufacturer that's created the chip, you know. So, uh, the name is not correlated to the manufacturer of the card. So this, uh, current might not be that useful. This one is more, is more. You can see those cards. Uh, and this information, the manufacturer ID is, uh, sent, is sent by the card. And unfortunately there's no, uh, public source of information about, uh, which ID corresponds to which, uh, manufacturer. So you, you can find some of them on the internet but for some of those like this one, I just don't know who made it. Also, all those cards were bought this year. So we are in 2019 but the production date on the card is around 2010 or 2011, something about this. So again, this is a value taken from the card. I'm not sure it was, uh, it's the real production date. It's just the data that is in, uh, inside the, of the, the card. Nearly all of those were vulnerable. The only one that, uh, I was not able to, uh, use is the, the, are the SanDisk models. And I was not able to use the, the Samsung cards because when I tried to use the CMD42 command, the card responds with an invalid command. So I don't know how they got the, the logo but it's, it's working. Uh, so to conclude, uh, I would say it's pretty useless vulnerability because no operating system supports, uh, this password locking function. Hopefully because it was not that useful. It also affects a lot of manufacturers. Uh, and good thing to do is, yeah, read the specs. There are a lot of information, a lot of, uh, things and things you don't expect from a card, right? Also, as a future work, uh, as I said, there's the, the COP function. Basically, it's a, you can set a password to protect, uh, the card, uh, to, uh, to password protect the password clear mechanism. I don't know why it's that, but there's a, this is a new feature. I was not able to get a card that works with, uh, that has COP enabled. So maybe I will try to find and, yeah. Maybe there's also another vulnerability on those. So a few takeaways. Uh, SD cards, uh, just have a password protection. As we said, uh, most of the cards, uh, are vulnerable to a timing attacks. Uh, and that's pretty much it. Thank you. Oh, uh, by the way, if you want to have a live demo, uh, I will be, uh, after the talk, I will go to the hardware hacking village so we can do the Q and A there and having a live demo. Thank you.


Let's start today's video off with a little bit of a thought experiment. Consider the uniaxial-loaded tensile member shown here on the left, subjected to a force P. What we would like to do is figure out what is the stress at point C. Well, we've done this many times before in our unit on uniaxial-loaded members, and we would simply section this profile at the point C. We would then see that there is a local coordinate system for that section plane, and we saw that there was a uniform, normal stress distribution acting on that plane, and its magnitude was equal to the uniaxial force P divided by the cross-sectional area. But why did we section this bar as we have shown here? Could we not section it another way? Perhaps on an angle? If we did this, there would also be a local coordinate system for this section plane, and we would have a normal stress acting on that section plane. But what we can see here is that the resultant from this normal stress is not going to be in complete equilibrium with our uniaxial force P.  Therefore, there would also have to be a shear stress acting on this section plane to maintain equilibrium of the bar. What this little thought experiment shows us is that although we are looking at the same point, point C, in both these cases, the state of stress at a point is dependent upon the orientation that you are looking at for that point. Another way to look at this is by looking at the differences in strain or the resultant deformation in different orientations. Take for instance the book shown here. We have drawn a square element that is two inches by two inches, one oriented with the book on the left, and one oriented 45 degrees to the plane of the book on the right. Now if we apply a shear deformation to this book by sliding the two covers parallel to each other, we would get the following deformation. The element on the left shows a state of pure shear because the lengths of the sides remain the same, but the shape changes, and that is exactly the type of deformation that occurs in pure shear. However, the element on the right actually maintains its shape. It still has approximately 90 degree angle between the sides, but the lengths of the sides change. This is representative of a biaxial normal stress type of loading. So let's take a look if we can derive some equations that can help us to calculate these changes in stress with orientation. We will call these the plane stress transformation equations. I want to emphasize the fact that it says plane stress. If you recall from earlier units, a state of plane stress is one where you have stresses acting only in one two-dimensional plane. So that as the element shown here, we have our sigma x, sigma y, and tau xy. Stresses acting in and out of the screen, the sigma z, are actually zero. So what we're going to do is section this element, which will represent a point. Now we've drawn it as a square, but as we have done in many times, many cases before, but it is representative of a single point. And we'll section it at an arbitrary angle theta, which would give us the element here shown on the right. Now we have to apply our normal stress acting at our new x direction and our shear stress tau x prime y prime acting in our new local y coordinate. What we need to do then is to determine what this new sigma x prime and tau x prime y prime, these are our new normal and shear stress in our transformed coordinate system. And we do this by looking at equilibrium. But it's very important to remember that we can't actually directly do equilibrium of stresses. Equilibrium applies to the resultants of stresses. Therefore we need areas. We need areas for which these stresses act upon. Now this sometimes can cause confusion because we're looking at the stress state of a point. But what happens is when we section it, even though these are infinitesimal areas, there is a difference between the areas that these stresses are acting upon. So for now we will label this cross-sectional area dA. Therefore this lower area becomes dA times sine of theta.  So now we're going to look at some of the forces in the local x prime coordinate direction. I've just done this because we want to solve for sigma x prime so it's easier to do equilibrium in this direction. All of these forces have to sum to zero. So what we'll see is we will get a resultant force due to sigma x prime acting over area dA. We will also get a component due to tau xy acting on area sine theta dA. But then it has to be transformed into the x prime coordinate direction through cos of theta. Similarly we get sigma y acting upon this area which is dA sine theta and it has to be transformed into the x prime direction by sine theta. We can do the same for the shear stress and normal stress acting on this phase. And so we have our different areas dA cos theta and our different projection corrections sine theta and cos theta. All of this has to sum to zero for equilibrium. Now we can see right away nicely that our areas dAs cancel out. So although we had to have the relative differences of them, the absolute magnitude of them doesn't actually matter. So if we cancel those out, rearrange and solve, we can actually get that this formula for sigma x prime. Now in the textbook and there is further simplification of this formula using trigonometric identities which are a little bit beyond what I want to get into right now. So I will just show you the final resultant of that that uses those trigonometric identities to get to this final version of this formula. You're welcome to look those up yourself but in fact I don't actually want you to memorize this formula at all. We're going to come up with a graphical method for determining these stresses later on but I want to derive these formulas so that you see where they come from. They come from this equilibrium and we're going to use them to plot a simple case at the end of this video as well. We now need to repeat the same process in the y prime direction so some of the forces in the y prime direction have to equal zero and we get the same lengthy expression due to the shear stress tau x prime y and all these other stress components acting on their area and projected into the y prime direction and we see that the da's cancel out again and if we simplify it apply our trigonometric identities we get the following result. tau x prime y prime is equal to negative sigma x minus sigma y all divided by 2 times sin 2 theta plus tau x y times cos 2 theta. Let's take a look at a simple example of what these two equations will predict for the variation in normal and shear stress with orientation at a point. For this example we will consider a stress state that has sigma x equal to 100 megapascals sigma y equal to 50 megapascals and a shear stress of 45 megapascals. Now what we will do is plot what sigma x prime and tau x prime y prime are for this local coordinate system that is varies as a function of theta. If we plot these two functions out we see that we get a sinusoidal distribution for the normal stress and a sinusoidal distribution for the shear stress. Now there's some interesting properties of these two sinusoidal functions. We can see that the normal stress has a local maximum and minimum value and we call these the principal stresses sorry and they are the maximum and minimum normal stresses predicted by the stress transformation equations. Now there's some interesting properties of the principal stresses that we see here that are true for all cases. First they are out of phase with each other by 90 degrees so it is a normal stress state that acts on two orthogonal planes. Furthermore they occur where the shear stress is zero so the principal stresses will act on a set of orthogonal planes oriented in such a way that there are zero shear stresses. Now if we look at the shear stresses we also get a local minimum and maximum and we see that they are also separated by 90 degrees but they are also separated from the plane of principal stresses by 45 degrees. So hopefully you can now understand the concept of stress transformations and how we get to them through equilibrium.


Hey Wayne, how are you? Great, thanks. How are you doing? I'm fantastic. Thank you for joining us. Thank you for having me. Well, we're live right now and we're excited to speak with you today and you guys had another strong day today. Congratulations. Thanks. Yeah, it's been a great couple days. Yeah, and you guys have lots of big news. Let's talk a little bit about TraceSafe's strategic focus on enterprises with over 1,000 employees. How big is the market opportunity and what regions do you see the most demand, Asia, Europe or North America? Well, I think the, you know, if you think about a sort of pandemic focus just in the near term and where things are moving, it seems like the Asia region is a little bit further ahead in general. And so we've been seeing a lot of pickup.  But, you know, that supply chain primarily centered in the Asia region. And, you know, that was a big story around making sure that the employees in various regions can move around and between different manufacturing facilities.  You probably have to comply with multiple different health standards and need to be complying with the highest health standards as a general rule. Now, they also tend to have budget around solving these problems. And that can lead into the next phase of our growth, which is going to be after we've deployed wearables into these environments, you know, what are the solution verticals we can, we can start going after that will make those wearables sticky in the future and what kind of products can we build around those? I love what you guys are doing. It's really exciting. And it seems as though you guys have just huge news coming out consistently with huge partnerships, huge clients. I was talking to a friend of mine that was predicting that you guys were going to be coming to Canada. And I'm not sure you can say anything about it, but the government of Canada was saying that they're looking to do contact tracing. They want to do better, more effective contact tracing. Right away, TraceSafe came to mind and I'm sitting here thinking, wow, that'd be pretty wild if you had a government contract with the Canadian government. And obviously you probably can't speak on that until it's public. But is that the type of thing you're working on these types of government contracts? Because when I see these types of deals with 1000 employees, that tells me you guys are going after only huge businesses. You're going after the biggest companies. You don't want to focus on the smaller businesses. That's exciting for an investor when you think about the scalability of TraceSafe. It's pretty wild what you guys are working on here. Yeah, I mean, really, we've been working on, you know, we've taken a lot of these pilot projects that have been happening in the background for many, many months and really working on scaling those up. Just in the last little bit, we saw the Canadian government went a different direction as far as policy, having a mandatory hotel quarantine. Our solution has worked really well in other jurisdictions where they didn't necessarily do the hotel quarantine, but they wanted to make sure that it was hotel-like. So in the event that the Canadian government makes a policy shift or offers alternatives, we would be, I think, the number one consideration given the number of countries that we've been working on thus far. That's what I was thinking, because when I heard that they were going in that direction, the only company that came to mind was TraceSafe. And I thought, wow, how many other governments are thinking about this and what other options are out there? I don't see any better options than TraceSafe. Now, I have another question for you. TraceSafe has a number of pilot programs for different customers. When do you see these scaling up? We see a lot of these programs maturing in actually more interesting ways than we imagined. So one of the things that we're seeing is that if you land in a pilot project as a contact tracing or a very simple one-dimensional solution, and once you get the product there, it becomes apparent that the product might be useful where they thought it was only useful for column A. You see that column B, C, D, and E are areas that we might also be able to make a big impact in. So what we're seeing is pilot projects are not just leading to orders, but they're also leading to broader technology discussions. Over and over, we're seeing that the case is that there's a solution where you think you need a wearable for a very small problem set, but actually the applicability is very wide and the benefit is really great. They see it solving a lot more problems. So the same investment that they would be making to solve one problem, they can make that investment and solve many, many problems. And for us, it makes a lot more sense because we get to participate from a software revenue perspective for a lot longer in those situations. So we see that the pilot programs themselves are maturing and they're all maturing and we're starting to release the news about those, about those programs. And they're getting, the mandates are becoming a lot broader. Wayne, can you talk about how TraceSafe's growing scale as a platform and how it plans to monetize its users in the future? Yeah, so the scale is really our major advantage. And having done this since it was really a MedTech-focused company, I think the, how we plan to monetize in the future, we've talked a lot about our mix of revenue and the fact that especially early days when we were servicing just those government clients, there's a lot of hardware revenue in the mix. And so it's basically 80% of hardware and 20% software. And as we move forward, more of that revenue and more of those monetization opportunities are emerging as software opportunities. So that means, whether it's just how the customer wants to be billed or whether it's building custom solutions, it's really becoming a software and SaaS-focused business. And so we're moving, we're getting towards, you know, a lot of our contracts, we're getting towards more of a 50-50 revenue split there. And as we kind of, you know, as the opportunity set widens up as far as what we can do with the technology. And that means, you know, connecting with assets on the sites, connecting kind of different, different feature sets that the customer's looking for, those become billable software opportunities. Wayne, how does Traceafe differentiate itself from competitors? And what's your competitive advantage? I think the main competitive advantage is this company has products that work. You know, the engineering is done right at a silicon level, you know, all the embedded systems and everything. The product is much more efficient, you know, on average than competitive products. And so, you know, it tends to manifest itself in just a lighter, you know, you have a more efficient product, you need a smaller battery to do the same thing, you have a lighter, better feeling product. So that means we can build the product into different form factors that kind of become invisible to the user. And so that's really what it is. Our products are more tightly integrated. The software, the hardware and everything else is very tightly integrated. It's much more efficient. Battery life is much longer, and it results in actually a better wearable. You know, if there's one watch and it's very, very heavy, and there's one watch that's sort of light as a feather, you know, you're going to prefer the one that's a little bit lighter, especially if it's in an enterprise environment, you know, it's in a workplace environment where those things matter. So that's our competitive advantage. I think the other competitive advantage is our ability to scale horizontally. So, you know, a company like where we're deploying 60,000 wearables, you know, our systems can handle that sort of thing, where a lot of these contact tracing companies that are just kind of born out of the need for contact tracing specifically, you know, they don't have the scalability and systems to kind of bring that up to that level. I'm a huge sports fan. I love what you guys are doing with sports. 2020 was one of the most disturbing years of my life watching sport after sport be canceled. And just like even now, watching sports with no fans is just weird. It doesn't matter if it's UFC, it doesn't matter if it's Major League Baseball, NFL, NBA, NHL, it's not the same. Okay. And 2020 had a lot of sports get canceled because of this COVID. How does 2021 look different? Thanks to Trey Safe and what you're bringing to the table and how you're helping sports venues. How are you guys making the difference? Because now we see NHL is ongoing, NBA is ongoing, UFC is ongoing, and they don't plan to shut down again. They just want to continue to move forward. How are you guys helping that? So we're working on a number of initiatives around kind of these mass gathering sporting events and figuring out how to bring in systems that scale up and get people back into the stadiums. So I think that, you know, the way the conversations that we're hearing from these sport organizations, stadium owners and health offices is that they want to get, you know, kind of the season ticket holders back in and you're seeing that a little bit in a few stadiums. And so we're slowly building systems that can kind of get that number there. Then you sort of, you're on a plateau and you can understand how that's interacting and working well. And then you can kind of move to the next plateau. And so we want to be able to show that we're able to bring fans in back into the stadium at varying levels of, you know, increasing density in a safe manner and put systems in place that enable that. And I think also at the same time, what you want to do is you want to elevate the fan experience. And that's really what you can accomplish with wearables that it's not like the idea is not to get people into a stadium wearing some sort of safety thing. Like they feel like they're going to be on a boat wearing a life jacket or something like that. Like we don't want something that's going to damper the fan experience. We want something that's going to enhance it.   And we're working with these venue owners, these sports teams, concerts, et cetera, to make that happen and really elevate the experience. That would be pretty cool. Like would you, I'm a huge Toronto Maple Leafs fan, would you have like a wearable with like the Toronto Maple Leafs logo on it or something? So that people would feel like an affinity to it. Oh yeah, look, I got my wearable, my trace safe Maple Leafs logo on my wrist. Little things like that go a long way with the customers. That's exactly right.   You know, true the true, the true fans. And so, you know, the same thing is going to be going to be true with the wearables. We see that as, as a great thing. All premier facilities, I think, will really embrace this. You know, this is something that you see more at the high end. Disneyland was famous for introducing the Magic Band a few years back. And that was something that really was like a VIP experience. You go in, you get the Magic Band. It's something that gives you priority access on the rides. It interacts with the food and beverage services. It really kind of enhances your, your, your park experience. And it's like another level, you know, above. And we see that the same thing with, with the venues we're talking to. It's really about a premium fan experience and bringing that. And really, you have to start with the core sort of safety and commercial considerations, which we're doing, and then you build on top of that. And it's the same in the enterprise world. You know, you start with these core commercial considerations of business continuity, keeping the operations going and keeping people feeling safe. And then you build additional services on top of that. So that's really the, the whole story is, is starting, you know, that you have this pandemic. It's a major catalyst. And then, you know, it's, it's the next chapters that you write after that. I have a question from the audience. A lot of promise in the healthcare area with diabetes on the rise. How will TraceSafe capitalize on these problems? If, if at all? Well, it's interesting. In the healthcare sector, we're seeing a whole different segment of problem emerge, which is that, you know, hospitals, you know, hospitals can become really crowded, busy places. So actually in Singapore, we developed a system and product set to test at one of the largest hospitals in the country that was really centered around making sure that outpatients who are coming in for checkups didn't have to just spend a lot of time and have potential exposures to COVID and other things inside the hospital. And we all know the experience of being in a hospital and having to just wait endlessly and not knowing when, when, when you're going to be there. And a lot of the time you're just essentially sitting in a waiting room.  But how do you communicate that to people? So this particular hospital, they've got a wearable, you get, you get to the hospital, you get the wearable. And then it essentially tells you when and how to get to your appointment exactly when you need to be there so that there's zero wait time when it comes to that. And so zero wait times, while it might not be something that directly impacts the, you know, the health and well-being in the example of the question was around diabetes, but affecting the overall efficiency of a hospital is something where, you know, the entire community health can be impacted by that because you can see more patients, you know, doctors that, you know, don't have the stress necessarily of being kind of having a pile up going on. So really bringing that efficiency to the hospitals, that's a, that's something that benefits at a much more macro scale. And that's one of the areas we're helping in healthcare. When we had you on our show last time, the stock was around 70 cents. Today you're around $1.75. So it's gone up a dollar in a very short period of time. And a lot of our investors are very excited about that. A lot of them are very happy about it. Some of them are frustrated that they missed the opportunity. Some of them might have sold too soon and now they see the stock going higher. For someone that is learning about Trace-A for the first time, maybe hasn't invested in your company yet, just learning about it for the first time today, what's your message to those people? What's your message to investors that are learning maybe today for the first time about Trace-Safe? Well, what I would say that I think that there is a bit of a disconnect is that, you know, you saw our announcement around, you know, a 60,000 person deployment. I think what people don't see in the background is how much time and effort actually goes into making one of those. We, you know, I don't think they keep records or scores on these sort of things, but I would be very surprised if there was ever a larger wearables order in corporate history than that 60,000 unit one that we deployed. And so that takes a lot of energy and efficiency when it comes to supply chain from logistics, from the operation standpoint of just deploying and, you know, the touching and sort of understanding of the kind of emerging issues that come up as you deploy at that scale. So these are huge coordination problems and they're things that spool up over a long time period beforehand. So you're seeing in a news release that comes out, you know, last week, you're seeing the fruits of labor that's really been months and months and months in the making and we're working on many, many, many different deals like that in the background constantly that obviously we can't talk about until their material and their sign and they're actually we're shipping the product. So I would say that, you know, although we see that deal come out, you know, you're not seeing all of the legwork and sort of the effort that's going into the next wave of news that we'll be talking about, you know, in the coming weeks and months. And so I would say that's the big thing that I think people see, okay, you know, they think that when we get some news out that that's when the work starts, but really the team has been busy working on that and executing on those deals a lot of times for months prior to them being announceable. So I think that would be that would be one thing. And so I think that people are right to be excited about the opportunities that we've been able to execute so far. And we're going to continue to deliver. And we have a lot of amazing stuff in the pipeline. Now, one question that I just that just came up in my head is you guys, I've really been like you're up 600% since November. So the stock is just going crazy. For good reason, you guys have a great disruptive product that could potentially save lives all over the world, get people back to sports, get the world back to normal. This is not just a want this is a need right now in 2021. So knowing that, what's the upside now for an investor? Are you thinking about, hey, wait a second, we've gone up $1 in a couple of weeks, we're up 600% in a couple months. Maybe now are you starting to think about maybe a NASDAQ listing or a New York stock exchange listing? Is it too soon to think about that? Or is that something that maybe you're thinking about? Because that would create massive exposure for your company. Just put you guys on a completely another level. Yeah, I think the first stopover point is I believe we need to get to a $2 US price to consider. There's a NYC AMAX listing that we can consider at that point. And we've been starting those discussions. That's definitely an area we've been thinking about. I know our directors and leadership are always thinking about ways to make sure that the shareholder value is being realized. And I think at the market cap we're at, it's still very much day one. I mean, you do have those big percentage moves, but I think in absolute terms, the company is still very much a very small microcap company. And when you consider the opportunities and the customer wins they're getting, it would be surprising if it stayed a microcap for very long. It's really the company is maturing, the story is maturing. People are finally, there's two things that are really happening. People are realizing there's a narrative out there which was, I would say in the latter half of 2020 is that we're just two more weeks out of this pandemic. We're just two more weeks and we're just perpetually two weeks away from resolution. And I think in 2021 people are starting to feel like, okay, well, we're going to figure out, there is a very much an end to this, but we're going to figure out how we solve it along the way. And Traceafe is really becoming a part of that solution. Canada didn't impose any sort of inbound traveler quarantine program until 2021. So that just tells you where we're at. Whereas you look at a country like Hong Kong, they instituted an inbound traveler quarantine program in February and March of 2020. So we are a bit of a time lag. We will get a handle on this. I'm very much an optimist when it comes to this because the story around Traceafe and wearables is so much more bullish post pandemic. Having wearables deployed in the enterprise, it's such a position of advantage to play from that we can't wait for that to happen. And we think that we have a lot of time to continue the deployment story and really get some of those next next generation products together, which we're already working on and working with customers to address some of those things. I mean, these are going to be very mind-blowing things. You can see a lot of our company in the near future. Yeah, I'm so excited to see what you guys have in store next. Congratulations on all your success.  Every time you come on the show, you guys go up a dollar. That would be fantastic. Super proud of what you guys are doing, not just as far as the stock is concerned, but on a humanitarian level. I love what you guys are doing. You're not just focused on making money, but you're making a difference. And because of that, that's why I believe this will be a huge success story. And it already has been. Congratulations on all your success, Wayne. And I hope you continue to achieve all of your objectives that you set forth for yourself and for your company. Guys, thank you guys for watching. Remember, Rich TV Live is strictly for education and entertainment purposes. Always do your due diligence. Always do your research before you invest in anything that we talk about here in Rich TV Live. If you liked the video, smash the like button, comment down below, share the video everywhere, and subscribe. Take a look at and put Traysafe, TSF on your watch list, put it on your radar, U-T-O-L-F in America, TSF in Canada. Thank you, Wayne, for joining us and hope to have you again on the show soon. Thanks so much for everything. Thank you for watching. Those of you guys that are watching, if you're not winning, you're not watching. We bring in the winners and we bring them to you first. We brought you Traysafe at 70 cents, today at $1.75. Congratulations to everybody. And I think the story is just beginning to be told.  Thank you, Wayne. Have a nice day, everybody. We'll see you soon. Bye-bye.