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It just doesn't work. You have to do a pound sign, a pound review. How? Like this? Yeah. No. Pound review. Like this? No. No, you have it right here. No, it's just that I don't. Yeah, but I can't play this this way, right? There's nothing. All right, I'm just rebooting into my kind of okay. Okay, so we can play yours from this way, I guess. But I don't know why this mind is playing like this. So, we can just switch the laptop here. Okay. So what's the password? Uh, pink hat, for now. So it's called CZ. Thank you. And the pink hat, for now. You can put the slides here and the presentation was your favorite. Here? Yeah, this is your projector. This is you, yeah. No, no, no, your slides, your slides. Oh. Yeah, so you can just play. Yep. Leave the slides here. And now, wait a minute. Okay. Play. All right, like 40 seconds and we can start. Okay, shall we start? 40 seconds. You can count, yeah, that's fine. Start presentation, no. So, I know you will hate me, but it didn't work for me, so I had to reboot this, so. But it's okay. All right. So, I guess we're set up. Okay. Maybe. I would like to let me introduce Gertny and Adam, who are a part of the modularity team. And in presentation, we will look at how Gertny and Adam work. All right, the projector just died. I can try to reconnect, but oh my god. HDMI? It just went black. No, HDMI. Can we see it? It's connected, but this is black. Oh my god. Yeah, who will make this work? Wins. So, can you try the VGA, for example, if that works? I thought, yeah. An HDMI? Because it worked like 10 seconds ago, not anymore. That's great. I'll try to do something, but I don't know. I can try to log in. Like... Oh, I have it. Do you have it? We have it online. We can, like, I don't know. Oh, no. Is that yours? Yeah, but yours is... No, it's yours, right. All right, just let me, let me, let me log in. Let me just log in to my account here. So, slide. Yeah. Do you want to add more HDMI? No, I don't want to. I already have it. I'll try to log in to my account. So, 5, 6, 3, 3, 9. I'll try to log in. What? Slide. And we go. We can read. And we go. No, no, no, we can read. Yeah, that's fine. All right, so, you ready? Finally, thanks. It took only 20 minutes to connect the projector. So, hi, everyone. My name is Adam. This is Courtney, I'm from the modularity team. I'm from the modularity team, and Courtney is from the Factor A2.0 team. And before we start, we have something we need to do. So, if you could put the stickers we would find on the table, on your laptop, because we can't continue without that. If you don't have a sticker, that's your problem. I'm sorry. So, do you have it? So, please remember to pay after the talk. And let's start with the great stuff. So, I don't know if you were to Langdon White talk last year about distribution with this guy. So we started with saying distributions are great. Nothing changed about that. So, that's good. And let's say, well, they are great. I guess, we all know that, right? They ship packages with the dependency so it's easy to install, they're integrated and tested. So everything works together and well, which is fine.  Now, it's really important that they page for security, for example, if I develop an app, and I have no time to, like, yeah, they have a lifespan. They are released at some time and just die at another time. So, for example, this is Fedora from 80 to 25. And all the software which is in the release is tied to the release. So, I have a list to version one. There is something, can be application, for example, like Firefox can be database. Some dependencies. And everything has the same life cycle. Which is fine. But there is this bus, right? Because the applications are released independently from the OS. They own life cycles, right? For example, I can have Apache, MariaDB. They just release as they want, not as Fedora ones. And also, I can install, like, multiple, oh, maybe I can, but there are multiple versions available as well. So, yeah, basically that's it. But distributions ship just a single version. For example, Fedora 22, Fedora 23, Fedora 23, etc. But it's almost always just one because of the dependencies, because of the integration. Newer version can have different libraries, different dependencies that they can't really fit together. So, if we can just include this version, which one? So, what's better for you? Is it fast updates? Or is it just stable versions? I don't think we have an answer because as a developer I want the latest version, right? But if I run a server, I want the stable ones. So, that's the answer. We need all of them. But how? Yeah, but how? So, option one would be something, I don't know, Ubuntu or even like Fedora and CentOS to have fast-paced distro with all the new versions and one stable, for example, CentOS or Ubuntu LDS. So, I can have, I can choose. I want fast track or I just want something stable. But if I have something stable, for example like Enterprise Linux, that's supported for 10 years. So, after the 10 years or even after 5 years, some stuff or I might be fine with it but what about the kernel, for example? What about the drivers? What if I buy a new server? I want to, I can't run it there because there are no drivers. So, this is kind of limited. Another solution for like multi-perversion is something called software collections which is like only different method of packaging RPMs which install the software into separate path. But it's kind of hacky to type CL enable and it doesn't really work. It's some solutions for example, Harkovic path, etc. But that's an option. Option 3, we have containers, right? Who knows what container is? Docker. Almost everyone. So, it's like an isolated part of the operating system that can work processes with their file system, then it works stuff and etc. So, this is like pretty separate but still I need to build it out of NOS, out of something out of a new distribution. So, if I have a disto with one version, I can build container with one version, right? And if I want to just install something else I might need to tweak it a bit but yeah, it's a solution but the best one would be I guess modularity that solves all the problems for you. So, let's have a look at the video I will be talking the subtitles so just please read. Alright, so that was an excuse for me to have a drink. So, yeah, what we want to do is like provide a very small system called Base Runtime who was on pedestal like two hours ago about Base Runtime which is an original code. So, that's a small system that includes only the base basic stuff with good proven ABI stability and kernel and this kind of stuff and then we have modules available and they have their own life cycle independent of the distribution so there's a lot of freedom so as I said, there is a Base Runtime yeah, includes for example kernel, glipc and basic libraries and the software runs as a module and you can think of a module for example as application for Android or iPhone it's the same concept, different technology but the same concept. So, modules are basically right now just a groups of packages with the purpose so I can have packages for Firefox, I can have packages for I don't know database or even LAMP stack and it could look like this just the packages, some metadata and you can see there are two kinds of packages. For example if I have Firefox, I will have Firefox as an API package because that's the package which is the reason for the module to exist but it will also include all the dependencies in itself but we treat the dependencies as the implementation details so we can guarantee like for example if I update the module, the API will stay the same but everything else can change so there's some kind of like two different types of packages in a module and the module is defined by something called module and defile which defines everything like components, API, build recipe and an install profile and you can have a look so that's it I can show you through the file so it's something like name, stream and version so name is for example would be Firefox and the stream could be I don't know version of a Firefox but we don't call it version because there are some more complex modules like LAMP stack that have, I don't know, HTTPD of some version database of some version so what's a version of a LAMP stack that doesn't make sense so we call it stream and a version is just another point in time for example we can update it for security updates or something like that but the API stays the same during the stream alright there is some summary there is licenses, separate licenses for this file and separate licenses for the content where does the project live community documentation tracker some optional metadata, I don't know anything can be really here and we can see there are dependencies and components which are two different things there both can be I guess dependencies can be just modules but think of it as a dependency as something that is not part of the module so for example the base runtime it needs the base runtime to run but a component is something which is included in the module so if I have for example a Python app I can have the module I can have packages with my app and for example Python here so it would get bundled into the module and be a standalone component I know that Python was maybe a bit wrong example because what if I have like 5 Python apps on the system I don't want to have 5 Python right so that's something we want to solve in the future I guess it will be just an dependency so it will be just once but we don't even go and answer it dependencies and components then there is something called filter so if we build the source packages and these are RPM packages I don't know if you know that but if you build a source RPM package this can produce several binary packages so if I don't want some ones in the module I can just filter them for example develop packages or something not important then there is the API so I say only these 3 packages are important everything else is in the implementation detail and something called install profiles which is questions for the future because we didn't work at base very well but basically right now it's defined as a set of RPMs that get installed but I want to add configuration and other stuff so I can for example if I have a HTTP module right now if you have a HTTP on your system it's basically as a production by default right but what if I'm a developer so I can have like two profiles one is production one is developer so it will be tweaked to I don't know for example run HTML from my home directory so that was module MD and modules are built in the factory 2.0 so there will be a talk tomorrow so also continue will be talking about some stuff of the factory 2.0 so I said that modules are packages right but this is just about the build they can be delivered as several artifacts they can be RPMs, repo, Linux container flatback anything I want so how do we run them this is how the distro is going to look like or like kind of there is the base runtime which is the thing better talk about this is the minimal system and I'll be able to install the modules directly on the system or in a container so why containers that's a solution for one problem we have for example if you have two modules and as I said module includes all the dependencies in itself so what if I have a conflict independence between modules so one solution is container other solution would be using something like the software collections technology I talked about before that means the packages which are in API would be normal packages but everything else would be repackaged or built in a way that would be installed separately so they won't conflict I guess the default approach would be containers because that's the easiest but in a container so we have an option for that as well so from the usability side I don't care if it's container or RPM as a user I won't even notice you know why because there's the workflow for example I want to install httpd so I just type dnf install httpd like I would right now I can edit the configuration file like I would now it will be like a different name but that's just an example I can add my index html in a local file system like now and start the server this can be container this can be just RPM packages I don't know I don't care it's the same and the system will decide for you and for example I don't know few days later I can run dnf update and everything will work as it runs now so you said one of these cases for the container model is you have modules that conflict what if you've got two different container modules installed both include a patchy and you want different configurations yeah that's possible and I don't know that's the future the career plan for that is this is kind of by default like it's just native but doing parallel install of things is not a typical default by default is what we found so the idea here is these are actually sim links to some place else on the system that is owned by the individual container and then the next instance of the container would get it's own but that means basically the sim links start going around each container the host has sim links to the content that is owned by the container so we think sim links is better than the actual files but the idea basically that some of that ease of use part starts to drop away and you start to have to recognize that yeah you're starting to do weird stuff here but at least at the basic level we can kind of give a similar distro-like experience even if some of these things are being shipped in different models and you need to find out that it should take files to take files out of the container so yeah that's the guy who knows the future so asking for future questions for me in the concept there might be no changes to the kind of workflow there might be some I don't know but as we saw we don't even need them so how that works if I have multiple modules do I have installed HTTPD how did it know so I talked about streams modules come in several streams it can be versions, it can be even variants of an application and you choose the stream you want before the installation or you can even download an ISO like you would for example Federa25 it's got the component selected for you so we want to make the concept like we don't want to change it so you will be able to download an ISO with all of this we select it or just make your operations stop right and DNF keeps system updated and integrated and working together and you can just type DNF update and everything will work so that's basically it that's what this tool can look like and it's called building alright now I just need to switch the slides technology but it will be fine and to go alright so is that the first one? no it's not the first one alright so I just screwed up so I will just fix it is it okay? alright so this is Courtney and we will tell you if she wants about the build part 5 build modules we use something called module build service module build service is responsible for setting up tags in Koji and rebuilding components of a module from source so how does it work? module build service coordinates module builds it's also responsible for a number of tasks number 1 it provides an interface for module client side tooling and build state queries possible for example we can design our own htdpd module and then once we submit it we can query it number 2 the nbs verifies that input data is available and correct so for example like maybe you input an invalid json file that will get verified or reducted number 3 it prepares a build environment in the supported build system such as Koji or it schedules and builds module components and tracks their build state number 5 finally it emits bus messages about all state changes such as other infrastructure services can pick up the work so we I will actually review what state changes are in the following slides I don't expect you to know what they are right now so I just want to reiterate as mentioned module build service implements a restful interface with module build submission and state querying and not all rest methods are supported for example we have a module build submission here right we're going to do an htdp post to this URL and what we need is we need an scm URL this basically tells nbs where we're going to get our data from so I've highlighted the module get repo in red and the module md file in yellow the module get repo name has to match the module md file name and I'll talk about why the get hash is necessary besides finding which commit you want to look at but what if we want to query for modules we can query task build id which return tasks and module build state so the task is just the id of the task in module build service the build state is well one of init, wait, build done, failed already and I'll describe these in the next slide what they are and finally tasks are just a dictionary of component names in a format of type slash nbr and related kogi or other supported build system tasks in other states so here's just kind of the workflow of how it all works so we start in the init state when basically we parse the module md file learn the nbr and create a record for the module build at this point you can either go into the failed state or the wait state it will fail for example if it can't parse module md file like maybe you have an invalid json file but otherwise it will go into the wait state and we have something called the scheduler and the scheduler picks up tasks and wait and switches to build immediately once this is in build we prepare the build root, submit modules for all the components and wait for the results at this point it can either go to the done state or the failed state it would maybe go to the failed state if we can't prepare the build root or maybe some of the components that we listed in the module md file aren't valid otherwise it goes to the done state we also have a ready state where the module is ready to be part of a larger compose so here's an example of a module build state query so we do an htdp get it's the same as the htdp put or post that we had before except we do slash the module build task id so I've highlighted the task id in both of these hopefully you can see it I've highlighted the module build state which I described before and then I put the component names on the bottom so for example like I said it's type slash nvr so basically rpm slash foo rpm slash so what if we want to query all the modules like we just want to list everything well we can use an htdp get on the same URL as the htdp post so what I have at the bottom here is this is all one output I just couldn't fit it all on one slide so I just kind of broke it up half and half so what you'll see is on the left is their items which has the id from the module build service and then the state so these are just so for example like we have init equals one build equals two things like that and on the right we have this metadata results for example the first, last, and next these are all pages so it just contains that information and we can see which page we're on we can see the total number of pages is three we can see the number of modules per page is ten and the total number of modules we have is thirty now we do have options available for example we have a verbose option which we set to false by default but if you do set it to true you'll get like the owner of the build you'll get time stamps when the build was submitted, when it was finished or when it failed the page as I said specifies which page should be displayed and finally the per page specifies how many items per page is module build service actually used so here we have the module developer on the left the module developer creates a module md then sends the module md to mbs through fed message the fed package fed message through here now we have a diskit which is basically where we're going to put all of our module md files so basically we have a branch for each version of fedora 23 fedora 24, fedora 25 and from here we look at koji which koji just builds the rpms for a fedora project in general so koji will pull all of the information from module build service and diskit and then punji will just be our distribution impose tool for example composes our release release snapshots that contain release deliverables such as installation trees like maybe rpms repo data we may have things like images for like pixie boot things like that but wait, there's more there's still factory 2.0 which is what Adam mentioned before so the factory 2.0 framework includes infrastructure design for modularity in other words modularity is part of a bigger picture so here's just an infrastructure design for factory 2.0 I don't expect you to be able to read it but basically in red is factory 2.0 and then modularity is such a small piece that we highlighted in blue so let's switch gears now so what are we doing in the present well right now we are able to build modules locally we are finishing up the first version of module build service so that we are able to build modules in the infrastructure that we showed on the previous page next we are preparing content in other words we are preparing our modules and we will be building them for example like an htdvd module and things like that but we are still waiting on factory 2.0 it's still in progress but we are working on an experimental release Fedora module server called Boltron which I believe Petra mentioned in his talk so what are the next steps for modularity well how do we install modules well we have one major problem with module installations and this is something that Adam brought up and module packages can overlap due to their dependencies but we can use containers to solve this problem or something similar to software collections why containers well our goal is to prevent conflicting dependencies and containers are one way to isolate packages to prevent these conflictions from recurrent and I have this quote here from cio.com by containerizing the application platform and its dependencies differences in OS distributions and underlying infrastructure are abstracted away but why software collection why would you might want to do this well I got this quote from redhat.com and it says with software collections you can build and currently install multiple versions of components in your system software collections have software collections have to impact on the system versions of the packages installed by any of the conventional RPM package management utilities so how do we actually ship our modules this is something we're considering so we want to ship our modules as ISOs, RPMs, containers basically whatever the user wants and what is our vision well we want to rebuild and test our modules automatically that's what factory 2.0 is all about that's what module builds services about anyways so we have a workshop that's tomorrow at 1600 tomorrow at 1600 so basically we're going to show you how you can build your own module you can install it, you can use it things like that so that's it to our workshop we hope that you all come to our workshop so thank you for listening and again tomorrow at 1600 in A113 I can take you to the right direction I remember your last year but still I think it's not quite there yet because I don't know if you are familiar with mixed voice yes you are you still need a complete hash check some of all the files which are because always the main point is that you want to have some some known space that you've worked so modularity in a sense is really only trying to solve kind of the first step on a potentially very long path some distributions have actually gone kind of sideways to get down that long path and kind of like NICS there are other solutions to this as a core requirement we want to try to keep the user experience of working with Fedora the same and so as soon as you start going to full complete answers well there's a couple of them there's some really interesting ways you can do it changing how the C Library the loaders work and that kind of stuff or you can do like the NICS model which basically keeps it everything so they're either an incredibly large amount of work or they also are a lot of work and they change everything about how the distro works so this is I think it's really the first step to trying to get in this direction but I'm not sure that it's the last step if that makes sense that's why you know but like switching whole whole of the NICS style of management would probably be too disruptive to to actually take that's the question we can write a tooling to make it act just like the Fedora I think it's also I'll say we looked at it so you know like at this moment there's an OST in the background or yeah so OST is definitely on the kind of list of output artifact types it's just like we're starting with RPR groupos those are relatively easy right and then containers based on those groupos but yeah we'd like to see lots of other artifact types which I've got there yeah flatbacks are coming as well I guess for the GUI applications because we don't want to run that in docker-like containers alright so I apologize in advance because I'm kind of doing a lot of catch up at this conference I'm unpacking stuff in my head and I haven't had as detailed a look at what the virus got until now this feels to me like it's combining a bunch of different things like on one level it's almost like comps slash kickstarts 2.0 which is great because we've needed that only for the last six years and it's about kind of modernizing how we do more or less what we do now and build a conventional system because as you said if you don't have the container or collection or something like this everything has to be compatible you can't really have different models all the RPMs have to be cross-compatible like they are right now but then there's also this kind of idea that hey we could build containers out there so this then becomes a way to ship applications and blah blah and I guess I'm wondering two things one would be about how tight is your focus on what this is for initially and two when you get into building project collections are you relying on upstream tooling to do that or is this going to be reinventing like Docker files or things that are already out there and well understood alright so yeah this is like one of the things we think as well so it's not a single project it's like multiple projects so the first thing was I guess about the containers for example right well I guess the first thing was like the focus that you had to focus on making this just so we will start with yeah like making the this whole process matter right so we will start with server and so we will write text and this stuff so we will start with containers and RPMs just this we will start with the F26 server which will be like preview which will not be updated just fix the technology F27 should be something bigger even updated so this will be the first step and the second step we are going to look at the organization and stuff I don't know if you will be I don't think there will be a relying on upstream tooling by running upstream with our own tooling maybe based on that maybe something I just want to speak to how the one of the core requirements that lets this was the ability to have lifestyles between the OS and applications in order to do that we had to clean up a ton of the distro building tool chain because the second even right now it is incredibly hard to build the whole thing there is just a lot of human effort involved as soon as you start saying oh yeah by the way we are going to have 37 copies of everything it is basically unmanageable if it is not unmanageable already as soon as you have two copies of one thing it starts to become incredibly unmanageable so we have to clean up how things get built as well because we need that organization we also as part of that one of the promises is that application knows that it works right so that is why we really need that kind of it is technically not CI but basically a CI test loop for each of these things that needs to be built in the infrastructure to make sure that it works across those it can actually deliver what it is promising so at the end of the day really the core scope requirement was this one little thing which is how to have lifestyles and it is just kind of cascading a lot of things but from a scope perspective that is exactly what we are doing so look there is a system we want to change in for bull trauma we will take a look at that we are going to flesh that out a little bit more but that is the scope we are going to say ok we have the days from time hopefully we will have maybe 20 or so applications built in this model and it will actually be a real distro so that you all can check it out and start helping and see what is broken does that help? yeah I have more questions I saw you is the module file a runtime artifact that would be delivered via the repository files or is it more like a spec file that is a built time artifact what is the security around that? the module is like do you remember what module was built in? I guess I want to know the unbearing beat the jump or pause before it is gone by does that module file now exist in my meter? yeah one provides all the information for example the name stream version you won't write that because that would be taken from the git repo for example the name would be named the git repo stream would be named on the branch and an operation would be time sapped to the last commit but it will specify the dependencies components and stuff but when it is built the build system adds more information to it so it becomes artifact description so it is kind of open if I were to do a mirror an entirety but I have now got that it will be a live module file on my head you had an example of doing a dnf install htp what would the workflow for the user be if they wanted to have different versions of htp would they just say equals equals some version and people do all other versions? okay so if user writes dnf install htpd and if he wants different version then the default one so they can specify much more metadata for example they can specify the stream they can specify version of a component some specific provider of a component and it can just do the magic and even like switch modules for example if you care about PHP 6 and web server you don't care which one there can be a module that satisfies this requirement and then they can be a completely different module like week later which is newer so it can be even updated to a different module because you didn't care about anything else you wouldn't break what you wanted so this is the default idea install htpd is the default but you can do more fun if you really want so in the recipe that you built you specify multiple different things and speciality is the result of multiple different characters so we throw it in at the next level to consume on the other side from the consuming side there are attempts to unify for example to deploy in a unified way I want to consume so is there any vision of merging this install and use of the modules together so that I really don't care whether it is rpm dm container or something like that so I guess you want to answer? you want to answer? actually tell me if I got the question correct so basically the problem we have right now in most of these environments is that you have to have an arctic spec file you have to have docker file you have to have kick stars whatever else in order to make each of those arctic types there is an effort trying to say use there a way we can canonically describe an artifact using something like the answolder actually literally answolder there are other engines that will say oh I have an answold input and I can get a container output or I can get a rpm output an ISO output whatever there is already one for answold container for example that is kind of what that does but further we need the installation and deployment so one of the things we would like to see in the install profiles is actually kind of rpm post and then in reverse actually we are trying to build this this is kind of on the stretch goal list but we are trying to build this for ultron that you would actually have a way to say as an end user on the system say I want IPA and it would actually go to answold galaxy find the IPA answold plate books then which actually interacts with a set of modules and then actually kind of installs and configures them obviously that would probably not be unattended you would have to provide it with data but maybe you could do it in a script file but there is interaction there so there is actually a full installation activity so the question was really can we see conceptually the installation of the modules as part of the accessibility of the description of the module well the things I wanted to originally think about I would really like to get rid of the word install because no one actually cares about doing an install they care about running whatever it is install is a caching mechanism or a byproduct or whatever so fundamentally modules should know how they work and how they become usable but it is still coming last question you already got one so go back yeah I guess that is one of the things we want to solve and we will be solving pretty easily because for example security so if I have I don't know modules with some component in it and for example I can on my system so how do we patch that so there is multiple though for the person which we have no paid job mostly because we have a single version of install but there is a second issue which is where when you have a module that is depending on a whole version of API of OpenSSL and you have a very large backboard to fix a major security issue you no longer have itself in security issues you actually have a how do we fix the security issue and the entire new module and so the complexity blows up at exactly the worst possible time so one great actually that second part is actually much much better in the module world because assuming that library and a lot of these library libraries is an implementation detail it's not part of the external API you can just update it so yeah there is effort to do the update assuming that the library has changed material but there is no impact on the rest of the system for that module so yeah that means that's often behind not the case so what is the company that this was two years ago working as an ISP on top of our problems now I work for Red Hat but I had experience with both sides of the mess the ISPs want this modularity because they don't want to have to do the work to stay up with the most recent version and then you have something like RPE and the RPE version and the RPE version yes RPE is an internal implementation detail but so much of the code has changed over that time that they can't really patch the old versions and so they only patched the latest version and now we work for all the modules to get it patched they have to update all of these games okay I got it we need to finish all right so yeah thanks for coming and if you didn't find a sticker on your table we got a lot of stickers here so if you can't find a sticker where are my stickers I didn't get one yet I didn't pay ciao sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry no, no, no


He's sitting on 714. That was pretty neat. Good evening. My name is Larry Temple. As chairman of the Lyndon B. Johnson Foundation, it is my privilege to welcome you tonight to the Tom Johnson Lecture. The Tom Johnson Lecture was created by the LBJ Foundation to honor and recognize our friend Tom Johnson and his 30 years of service as chairman of the LBJ Foundation. He'd still be chairman today if he had acquiesced in the insistence of all of us on the foundation, but he wanted to step aside. He's still on the foundation. Tom Johnson's career reads like a book on Walter Middy or maybe even a Forrest Gump movie. The difference is his accomplishments are not mythical, they're real. Tom Johnson was in the very first class of White House Fellows, came to the White House in 1965. The White House Fellows Program was created by President Johnson, so people in early career or mid-career could come back and do a stint in government and see what government was all about and add their expertise to government. Well, Tom was so good, he stayed on. And LBJ kept him on and he served under the mentorship of a whole series of people. Primarily, Lyndon Johnson. And after Lyndon Johnson left office, he came back to Austin with President Johnson and served as the chief of staff for the former president. At about the same time as the death of President Johnson, he went to Dallas and he was the publisher and CEO of the Dallas Times Herald. The Dallas Times Herald during his tenure was picked by Time Magazine as one of the five best newspapers in the South. People could see the talent and he was picked to go to California and he became the ultimately the publisher of the Los Angeles Times. During his time at the Los Angeles Times, he'd achieved an all-time record in distribution and all-time record in income. And along the way, it had six, not one, not two, but six Pulitzer Prizes. From there, he was absconded by Ted Turner to go back to his home area of Atlanta and he became the president of CNN. CNN achieved its all-time height during his service as the head of CNN. He was picked as publisher of the year when he was at the Los Angeles Times. He was picked as the outstanding executive in cable television when he was at CNN. And since he retired as president of CNN, he's continued to do just myriads of things. He is probably the best Boy Scout of wanting to help people of anybody I know. He raises money for and tries to build up the stature of the Vietnam veterans. He raises money for and tries to build up the stature of the people in the program in the White House fell. He raises money and tries to build up the stature of the Secret Service. He's been very, very active at MD Anderson in raising money for the curing and treatment of cancer. And he still continues to serve on the LBJ Foundation. But I will say that for me, the outstanding thing that he has done, does do and continues to do is to acknowledge the fact that he has battled with depression for more than 20 years. And he will tell you, he tells everybody, there's nothing to be ashamed of. There's nothing to be embarrassed about. It's a disease. It's a disease that can be handled and people come out of hiding and acknowledge that disease can be treated. And I think he's the biggest hero in the country in dealing with depression. And so I want to introduce to tonight him, but before I do, he has had one great asset over 50 plus years. And if I had been injected with trucearum before I got up here, I would say that asset was not only is equal, but is superior in talent and ability. But since I want to be polite and I haven't had the trucearum, I would just say that Edwin and Tom Johnson are two of the most talented, remarkable, caring, giving people this country has. So let's recognize Edwin and Tom Johnson, please stand. Now to introduce the program tonight, it is my honor to introduce not only the winningest baseball coach in collegiate history, but the best coach in collegiate history. Not just currently, but ever, Augie Guarido. Wow. When somebody said to me, you get to introduce Hank Aaron. My heart stopped for a moment. I heard that home run. I think I might have saw it on a 10-inch Foco screen, black and light. But it was an unbelievable moment. And this is an unbelievable moment for me. Around here, Walter Cronkite and his beautiful one-of-a-kind voice said, what starts here changes the world. In addition to that, a part of our mission statement at the University of Texas is educating one student at a time for a better society. The man I'm introducing tonight, on the top of his bio, it says, activist, civil right activist, and baseball in that order. He's a man of integrity that has moved mountains on behalf of his friends and the people in this country. He has changed the world for the better. And he has affected our society and made it better. One man, one game, one bat, 755 home runs. Let's take pleasure in a one-of-a-kind night with Mr. Henry Aaron, number 44. Thank you. It is a true honor to have you here. Well, thank you very much. As Augie Guerrero suggested, you have had a remarkable life, which has had a profound effect on many of us. It started in Mobile, Alabama. Right. And I wondered if you could start by talking about your background and what led to your career in baseball. Well, first I'd like to say that thanks, Tom, you and Ed Winiford invited me here. Thrilled and delightful to be here. And I wanna thank you very, very much for giving me this opportunity, really, all these students and friends of yours here. This is wonderful. Well, I started out in Mobile, Alabama. Of course, before I start there, that's like to say the reason I was walking the way I was, my wife told me, said if I had a hit one more home run, I wouldn't have broken my leg. I'd have been able to step around the bases rather than slide. But now that's kidding. I started out in Mobile, Alabama, 1934, I was born. Born of a, from Herb and Estella, Aaron. That was eight of us, eight kids. And we lived in the country, of course. Father was a man that worked from week to week. Sometime he made $14 and sometime he made $8. But I tell a lot of people that I was a vegetarian before many people knew what a vegetarian was. Because that's what all, that's the only thing that we ate was vegetables. We ate what we grew in the field. But I had a very, it was a very good childhood, you know, really. My mother was very strict. To this day, I can honestly say, even back then, long, long, long time ago, that I never remember her being out of the house at eight o'clock. When dark came, she was there for us, you know, really. So my father, he was somewhat of a confused athlete. Wanted to play baseball and never got the chance to play. And, but he had a baseball team himself. A little baseball team. In fact, I was talking to a friend of mine about a week ago, I was telling them, they wanted to know how I got started playing baseball. And I said, well, I got started playing baseball because my father had a baseball team and he had a pickup truck.  And as we would go play baseball, he would tell me, he said, now until you sell all the Coca-Colas in this box, you can't play baseball. And sure enough, when I got to the ballpark, that's the only thing I wanted to do was sell those Coca-Colas because I wanted to play baseball. And sure enough, about the fifth inning, all the Cokes were gone and in come some friend of mine, I said, hey, well, Henry, it was called Henry, you are up next, you're the one that's gonna be at bat. And I walked up to the plate and I started hitting the ball. And so I started playing with people that was much, especially baseball players, that was much older than me. And so that was the start of my baseball career, the start of my life. But now that, you know, that if we move forward quickly is that I said there was eight of us and now there are only three of us. I've lost five siblings so far, you know, they've no longer here with us. And of course, my sister who is in Atlanta, and a brother in Atlanta, and myself. So there's only three that we, that is alive right now. And that house you grew up in is an historic monument in Mobile Alba? Yes, it's been moved from the place in which I was born to the baseball park. So that's where it's here now, you know, sits in the baseball park. In fact, inside of the house is my mother's dress that she cherished very much. It's an old dress and she loved it and it's now in the house in which I was born in. You, as, again, as Augie suggested, you were a hero to so many of us for your excellence and your grace. Who were your heroes growing up? Well, in sports, of course, Jack Robinson, who was my hero, of course, it's about that. And I don't know that we had many heroes, you know, really.  My mother was someone that she didn't tell you to do things, you know, tell your story about my mother, she was just true. She never would spank us. She wouldn't do anything. You know, if you did something wrong, she would just say, I'll wait till the weekend when your dad is here. And sure enough, you'd be lying in bed and you could hear them talking and your mother would say, my dad's name was Herbert. And she would say, Herbert, she said, you know what you gotta do tomorrow?  And she said, which ones, it's called me man, but Henry, I want you to go in there and get at me. Stella, that's what she called my mother. My mother was Stella. She said, I'm gonna go in there. So the next day I wake up, I'll try to be as good as I could.  Come here boy, come here a minute. I want to talk to you. I said, oh my God. Then he would tell you to go outside, get a switch. And he would depend on you getting the right kind of switch because if it broke, if it break, then that means that you got twice as big a whooping coming, you know, so he would get it and he would tie it up. And he said, well, he said, you know what you did. Come on. And then he would start beating on you. You know, I mean, really. But that's the way my mother would chest ties us. You know, she never would spank us because she just said, I don't have time. I have to chest ties them a different way. You mentioned Henry that Jack Robinson was a hero to you. Yes. Why so? How did he inspire you? You overlapped in the major leagues for two years, three years. Right. Talk about your experience with Jack Robinson. Well, I played against Jack for about five years when he's with the Brooklyn Dodgers. And what he taught me, he taught me that baseball was a game that no matter what you did today, it was only good for he would always say for good for wrapping dead fishing. Because he said that people didn't think about what you did today. You could have maybe 7,500 people at the ballpark tonight. And those 7,500 people may see you hit one grand slam or may see you hit two or three base hits. But the next night, he said, those same people who come out to the ballpark will be booing you. And simply because of the fact that that's the way baseball is, it's what you do for me today. And he said, that's where you have to approach the game. He said, until you realize one thing in baseball that the only way you're going to help your ball club is that when you leave this batter's box that you can touch all the bases and come back and touch home plate and you've made a run for your team. And he taught me that. And so I live with that because for many years, I think I led the league and runs batter then and not home run, but runs batter then and also runs scored. And simply because I always thought about what Jackie always said. So that was one of the things that he taught me how to do. But he also used baseball to achieve something greater. And that seems to be a lesson that you took to heart as well in your career. He, the thing that I think that I learned from Jackie was the fact that in spite of all the thing that he went through, he wanted the playing field to be level, you know, he thought that at times that things was not equally as fair with him as they could have been. Yeah. You were the last player in the major leagues to have played in the Negro Leagues. Right. Talk if you would about the transition from the Negro Leagues to the majors. Well, in the Negro League, you know, we had, there were four teams. That was the Indianapolis Clowns, the Montgomery Ballmer, Barons and so forth. And I played with the Indianapolis Clowns. And the money that we made, we made $200 a month and we got a dollar and a half. We got a dollar a day for meal money. I had a friend of mine's named Jenkins, who sat beside me and the two of us. And what we would do, we would take the dollar, I would give him my dollar, he would put his dollar together and then we would buy our big jar of peanut butter and I mean a huge jar of peanut butter. I don't know whether any of these kids know what I'm talking about, but this peanut butter, it was huge and it was so stiff.  But what I learned in playing in the Negro League was the fact that, and we would play three games a day. Wouldn't play one double header. We would play three games. We play, for an example, we play a double header in Washington D.C. and then go to Baltimore and play a night game. But at 18, I was 17, 18, just out of high school, it didn't matter to me. I could play five games, it didn't matter to me. But playing in that league taught me the discipline of saying, hey, you know, the thing that Jack had taught me before is that, what baseball, what you see in baseball today is not what you're gonna see tomorrow. Right, right. What made you unique as a ball player? I think what made me unique as a baseball player was the fact that I approached every game a little bit different than just the average ball player. I used to see baseball players sometimes standing in the mirror or make sure that their socks was this high, the comb, the hand, et cetera. I felt like, you know, that there was absolutely nobody that walked out on the pitch in the mound that could probably get me out. Now, that's what's true all the time. But I felt confidence in my ability to play the game. I felt like that was absolutely nothing in baseball that I couldn't do. What gave you that confidence when other ball players lack the confidence? Because I don't think, I think they didn't understand their skills, a lot of them, you know, and a lot of them would read what happened yesterday. You know, if they hit a game winning the home run tonight, they thought that they could go on and live off that for the rest of the week. And that's what strikes me about in looking at your numbers, the numbers you posted is the consistency. You always put up great numbers year over year over year over year. Every day you got up to the point, you did something. And it's remarkable to hear in your 22 year history, home runs are consistent. You know, you've got a consistent number of home runs every single year. There's a work ethic there. Where did you get that prodigious work ethic? I think I got it within myself, you know, really. I learned a long time ago that in baseball, if you didn't bring something new to the plate, or do something new, then you wasn't making it in progress.  That's what we made. I got $5,000 a year and that was, it's much more than, that was a lot of money for me. I never seen that much money, $5,000, it's a lot of money. And when I got $5,000, I said, now, you know, if I can just have me myself three or four more good years, I can probably make $15,000.  I felt like that's the way I had approached the game. You know, I approached the game and said, I gotta do the very best that I can to reach my goal, you know. And what did it occur to you that you could beat Weber's all-time homerun record? I think about four years before I did it, before I broke the record. About 1970? Yeah, I thought I could break his record. What made you, what gave you that confidence? I felt like if I stayed healthy and didn't get hurt seriously, that I could play, that I could play for a long time.  I couldn't get myself up to play like I could, say, when I first got into the league. Yeah, that record, of course, was the most hallowed in sport, that's sports, that all-time homerun record. But reflecting on that moment, which we heard at the top of the program, you said, what should have been the best time in my life was the worst, all because I was a black man. Something was taken from me, I've never gotten back. Can you talk about that experience of overtaking the babe and securing that record? I think that most people thought that I was in the game just to try and break a record, you know, and I think that in some of the things that bothered me about that was the fact that so many sports writers thought that, you know, the only thing I wanted to do was break the record. And that was not true. I wanted to have good years, you know. But some of the most important thing that happened to me was that the last two years of before I broke the record, whether the last year before I broke the record, was one that, you know, I don't talk about that much because it bothers me because at that time, I had two kids and both of them was in college. They wasn't allowed to walk home from school. They had to have a escort.  I had to live in another part of the hotel. I had to have someone bring meals to me. And so all of these things, you know, I just felt like the whole thing, the whole system was backwards, you know. And it wasn't because of me breaking the record, it wasn't because of the color of my skin. And I thought that was what I thought, the reason that they were so against it. And you tied the record at the end of the 1973 season and you broke it in the beginning of the 1974 season. So there was a long off season there. Where you felt the sting of virulent racism regarding to the record and regarding to a black man challenging the legendary Babe Ruth white man. What was that off season like for you? It was terrible. Well, of course, I got married. My wife is a big dude, you know. Great for me. That is to say it was right. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. This is, if I may, Henry, this is Billy Aaron, the wife of Henry Aaron who was here for the Civil Rights Summit last year. And unfortunately, Henry Aaron could not be here due to some surgeries that he was having. But Billy, it's wonderful to have you back. Thank you. So it was a great time in your life is what you would say. Yes, it was a great time. But you know, one of the things that everybody started saying, don't walk across the street. Make sure you walk with the lights. Don't be careful, be careful, be careful. But my life was, I had a wonderful one. I did, things were just great. You know, I started out in spring training and I hit the home run in Cincinnati. And of course, the thing that bothered me about that was the fact that the commissioner got so involved in it, you know, Commissioner Bowie Kuhn, you know, he got so involved. He had said that if I didn't play two out of the three games in Cincinnati that he was gonna find me and probably suspend me for a few games, you know. And I couldn't figure that one out. But I did hit a home run over in the day in Cincinnati and God would have it that I hit the home run in Atlanta when we opened the season there. Yeah. With Jimmy Carter in attendance, Jimmy Carter. Yes, all of, we had a lot of celebrities in there. Yeah, you sure did. What was, when you hit that ball, did you know it was gone? Oh yeah. I got, yeah, yeah, yeah. You hit so many of them, you got a feeling that went in. So list don't know that feeling. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But you knew it. I knew it was gone, yes. Well, I really knew I was gonna hit the home run that night. Was it a relief? It was, oh, it was tremendous relief. No question about it. I was under so much pressure. I mean, not only the pressure from what the commission, but it was just pressure from people thinking that that was the only thing that I was out there to do was to hit home run, you know. And was it a moment you could enjoy? I enjoyed it for a little while, but then after a while I started thinking that, you know, that this record too shall one day be broken. I mean, hey, records are made to be broken. So I felt like enjoyed and just let the other people to say what they wanna say about it. Right, right. I mentioned Jimmy Carter who was here for the Civil Rights Summit on what was the 40th anniversary of your breaking the record. He was here on April 8th of last year and was supposed to be with you and extended an invitation to the summit and I think he said your regrets. We were one of the, we were very glad he was here, but he was there that night as I mentioned and he said of you that you did as much to legitimize the South as any of us. And I'm wondering, were you conscious of playing a greater role beyond that of outfielder for the Atlanta Braves? I felt like I had done my job, you know, really in some ways, you know. That was, you know, it's a funny thing about baseball. You know, baseball has its ups and downs, but one thing about it is that most people who go to the games and watch you play, if you're watching, if you're watching you're in Atlanta, you know, they'll go out to the ballpark and no matter where they're sitting at, they're rooting for the same team, black and white, you know. Right. It somehow has a way of gluing people, bringing people together, you know. And I felt like my plan in Atlanta had healed some wounds, had done some things, you know, really. I know that Dr. King was out with his civil rights movement and et cetera, but I felt like I had done my part. You think that athletes have a responsibility to be role models? I'd say, oh yes, I do, I really do. And I get angry with them when I hear one of them say, oh, I hear them say that they're not role models because it is tough for you to tell me that you walk around and I've seen this happen time and time again, that when kids see an athlete with tobacco in his pocket that he don't think that the reason that that athlete is being successful is simply because he's chewing tobacco or doing something that he shouldn't be doing. Yes, we all have what we call some responsibility to our children. Right. Yes. Did you broke the record in an era of sports where performance enhancing drugs weren't a factor? How should we view the 20 year steroid era of baseball? Well, I think what you have to remember is that if you're talking about certain ball players, certain ball players, because they were able to accomplish, how much does this happen to have the effect on children? I mean, when you see things, especially on television now more than anything, you see kids on, you see kids, you see someone on television chewing tobacco or something. That kid is probably thinking the reason that that ball player is successful is because he's chewing tobacco. I think that most athletes feel that they are, they should be responsible to our youngest. Henry, those records that were posted during the steroids era from athletes who were clearly taking steroids, how should we view those records? I think we should view them the same way that the Hall of Fame is just looking at them now. I mean, really, if they were mean, they'd cheat it, then they should pay for it. Right. There should be an asterisk. There should be. I don't know whether there should be an asterisk and let them go into the hall. Is that what you mean? Well, that's not so much the hall, but how should we view those records? And including the hall? I think they ought to be forgotten about. Really, that's what I think. Yeah, I think they should be forgotten about. Yeah. They're simply not legitimate. They're not legitimate, really, when you see somebody, because I played the game 23 years, and I know how hard it is for you to hit 20 home runs, 30 home runs. But what we were seeing back in the era in which you were referring to, is players hitting 65 and 70 home runs. That is impossible to do. It is, now I'm telling you, I know it. You can do it with the help of somebody helping you or something, but you can't go out here and play the game of baseball and hit seven or some home runs, especially in the major leagues. You might do it, it'd be hard for you to do it in the little leagues. Right. You can't do it in the big leagues.  That's a lot of home runs they hit. Yeah. One of your contemporaries on the field was Pete Rose. Should Pete Rose be inducted into the Hall of Fame? Well, I think Pete Rose have to feel the same way that the guys that was taking steroids. Yeah.  And Pete and I, I know Pete, I played, I happened to play against him and he was a damn good ball player. I mean, a very good ball player. And I had a long talk with Pete. This is, I talked to Pete and I told Pete, I said, Pete, I said, if you were guilty in any kind of way, I said, what you should do is to come clean. Just say, I did something wrong. I ask for your forgiveness. And I said, you be surprised at this country. This is the most forgiving country in the world. I said, all you have to do is say you're sorry because we all have done something wrong. Right. But he decided that he didn't want to do that. And that's where he is today. Right. The lesson is, listen to Henry Aaron. I don't know, I don't know, I don't know whether you want to listen to me. Evidently he didn't. What athletes do you admire today? There is quite a few of them. We, you know, it's fortunate this country, especially here in the United States, we are some very good, very good athletes. I mean, these kids today is just absolutely great. I mean, I, when I played baseball, I weighed 170 some pounds. The most I ever weighed in my life in baseball was 185 pounds. Of course you can't tell it now. But, but, but, but, but, these athletes, these kids today, these kids today, even my grandson, my little guy, boy, he is 16 years old and I'm telling you, he's much taller than I am, much bigger than I am. All these kids are just absolutely fabulous. You know, really. Is there someone who you think is the role model that you'd like to see athletes be today? Is there somebody who sort of exemplifies what being a role model is all about today? Derek Jeter in baseball, I would say. I don't know too much about basketball, but I would have to say Jeter as far as an athlete probably would be somebody that I think that I would like to have my kids copy and be as. It strikes me that he has your work ethic. Yeah.  Andrew, he was a member of a team. He was never the, never made himself the star, yeah. You know, I was, you know, I consider myself being very lucky at playing baseball. You know, I played 23 years as I've said before and I played about eight of those years in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. And the reason I bring that up is because even back then in playing with players like Warren Spahn, Hader Matthews and et cetera, who is now in the Hall of Fame, I felt like I was lucky. We didn't make much money in Milwaukee. I think, and this is a true story, I remember after I had been in the big leagues for a few years, I remember that Matthews, Warren Spahn and myself said, look, I said, why don't we, you know, I was making, I think it was $23,000, I think I was making. And I think Spahn was making somewhere about 60 or something like that. And Hader was making about 40.  I don't know what I'm gonna do with it. And I said, I'll tell you what I'm gonna do. What we're gonna do, we're gonna all write the commissioner baseball and have him be gonna deduct all, I'm gonna take $15,000 of my money and I'm gonna tell the commissioners to have it where I can draw it once in my retirement come. And you know, he sent us a letter back and he told us say, I cannot let you guys do that. Time $15,000 for Matthews, $15,000 for Spahn, and $15,000 for Mew. He said, I can't do that. He said, what happened if the team go bankrupt? And I never thought about that. But $45,000 is what he was talking about. He couldn't do it. And nowadays, what do these players make now? These players make a million, $800,000. And I couldn't do it for $15,000. But it was a funny story. After that, we played for a few years and we won two championships in Milwaukee, two championships. And I never forget that after we won the first beat the Yankees seven games, I remember that, oh, I was trying to raise a family and I needed my money and they were slow at bringing the money. And our cut, each player cut for winning the World Series back then was $8,000. And I said, my son, I said, boy, I need my money. I need it bad. So I went to John Mullen, who was, no, John Quinn, who was the general manager. And I asked him, I said, what is the check gonna come? He said, just take your time, it's coming. So sure enough, about three weeks, it was three weeks late, but I got it. But I got all my money, it was $8,000, I think. And I carried it to the bank and I never forget, I put it up to telling the teller, I said, Mr. Aaron, I said, what would you like to do? What, checking account or saving account? I said, no, nothing. I said, I want you to count every nickel of it out and put it on the counter and I'm gonna put it in a sack and I'm gonna carry it home with me. I'm gonna have a chance to look at this for a while. And no way. He counted it out and gave it to me, I put it in a sack, carried it to my house, closed all the doors and put the money in the bank. Put the $8,000, I put all the money on the bed and I looked around and made sure nobody was looking at me.   And when I start paying bills, I ended up, I think, with a $150. But that's a true story, that's a true, that's a true. What is your most indelible baseball memory? A lot of people will say, you'd think the homerun, I think that, but, I think the one thing I think about most and the thing that I am proud of is the fact that I was in my baseball career, the 23 years that I played and you mentioned this before, is the consistency in which I played the game. You know, what you could see, you could go out to the ballpark today and see me hit a homerun. You might come out two days and see me hit another one. Those are the things that I think that made me feel proud of my career more than anything was the fact that I was consistent in what I was doing. As Coach Garrido suggested, we not only admire you for your grace on the field, but because you're a civil rights hero. Given what's happened in Ferguson and the fact that racial strife is alive and well and the United States of America, what can we be doing to heal the racial divide? Oh, I don't know. I think we can do several things. I think we can start judging people for the way they act rather than by the color of their skin. I think people can start understanding that we are all our brother's keeper, you know, no matter who we are. Judging people simply because of the color of their skin is certainly not what you should be doing, you know, really. I think there's things that no matter who you are, no matter how you look, you know, I mean that's, I think you should be judged on your character rather than by what you do. Just what Dr. King said, just what Dr. King said. So how do we achieve that? I think you achieve that by, well I think one thing you can do is to understand who is next to you, who's sitting beside you, who's your brother's keeper, you know, and rather than judging someone simply because of the fact that, you know, he doesn't have as much as you have, not as, don't have a car, not driving the same car as you drive, you know, today I heard you talk about Tom Johnson, you know, I mean, Tom I remember when I first started working at CNN and I went to him and talked to him about what I should do and he did one thing for me. He said, we're gonna create an airport channel with another friend and the two of us, we started, he gave me the chance to do that. So I think that that's what we need to do. We need to understand that although all of us don't have the knowledge of doing all the things that we wanna do, but it's given the opportunity, I think we can, that's all. You gotta make the plan for you just a little bit level. Have we progressed on the issue of race as much as you might have imagined when you hit that ball and to begin the 1974 season to break them? I think there's a lot of things, that's a lot of, we still have a long way, we have a ways to go. We still have a ways to go, you know, in spite of and I don't, you know, of course I'm not here to talk politics or try to get involved in politics, but I do know that in watching when I first started, well, when I first started playing baseball, there was absolutely no one in this country, no one that I can think of would ever say that we would have a black president, you know, no matter who you talk to, you know, and regardless to whether he is or the people out here think that he's doing a good job, I have some things that I don't exactly like the way that he's doing, but by the same token, you know, I think that we've come a long ways in that regards in some ways, you know. Yeah. You were given the Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush in 2002. I wonder what is your greatest hope for America? For, I would like to see before this, well, let me just say I would like to see, I would like for people to understand that as I mentioned before, the playing field, just make the playing field level for everybody and just give everybody a chance because I look at my situation, if I had not had someone like Jackie Robinson come in before me and given me an opportunity to play the game, then I would have, that was been lost talent, been lost. So I think that in some ways, I think that that's what happened. Yeah. The montages I mentioned to you earlier included a picture of you being greeted by President Johnson in his Oval Office. And that's after a tour that you made in South Vietnam visiting with troops with four of your major league baseball counterparts. Can you talk about that experience of meeting President Johnson? By the way, I will mention to you that Henry has not seen that photo and we'll see it later tonight. But that's one thing that hasn't made its way to your office. And I haven't seen it. Yeah. What do you remember about that? I remember going to Vietnam, it was Joe Ture, myself, and who else? Killabrew, Stan Musial. And that was one or two other, we went on what we call a high neighborhood. Here's the story. The president at that time made all of us Lieutenant Colonel's in the Army. And the reason for that is because he said that if something happened, that we would get the same pay. If something happened while we were there, we were in danger. That was things that happened that I can tell you that I was a little shaky about. But anyhow, I went on with all these guys. And at that time, Stan Musial only one of us had a Nikon camera. That was when Nikon first came out with the cameras. And I remember Stan Musial taking all these pictures, all these pictures over there. We stayed over there 14 days. And every one of them was in the front line, the front line. We wasn't in the back, we was on the front. That's where we were. And we were over there to entertain the troops. When I say entertain me, I don't know what I was doing. We was talking baseball. But they were happy to see us. They were very happy to see us. And I'm so happy that I'm so glad that I was over there. And I stayed over there 14 days. And the most amazing thing, the scariest thing about the whole thing was the fact that when I was over there, I saw little kids, not American kids, these kids that was Vietnam, little kids over there must have been 12, 13 years old. And this is what really hate me more than anything. When I saw these kids carrying guns, 13 years old, carrying this some years ago, carrying automatic rifles and having scaps on their pelts, on their heads and all this, you know. So I kind of felt kind of bad. And I thought that, I thought we did a good job and stand musually after taking all these pictures. And I saw Stan, and he's no longer with us. And I saw Stan, I said, Stan, I said, what happened to the pictures? And he told me he took, every one of those pictures that he took was the floorboard of the helicopter. Now there was no pictures of nobody else that was the floorboard of the helicopter. You know. So I didn't have any pictures at all as sure that I had been to Vietnam. But I've been there, I've been, I've been, my wife and I were able to take a tour over there a few weeks ago. I'm not a few weeks, about a couple of years ago with some friends of ours, beautiful country, beautiful and I really enjoyed it. Really, the people were very nice.  What is your proudest accomplishment? I think the thing that I think about my accomplishment is what I try to do is try to give back. You know, I felt like God has been good to me. He's given me a chance to do some great things. And I try to give back later on, I guess you might hear about my foundation, the Chase and Dream Foundation. In that foundation, we try to help kids in college. And I feel every day that I can give back to, you know, whatever money or wealth that I have, they don't have that much. But whatever I have, my wife and I have, we try to share with other people. You know, we try to share with those who are less fortunate. And I feel like every day that I'm blessed beyond when I can be able to give other people, no matter what it is, no matter what it is, you know, I feel like it is not mine anyhow. It belongs to everybody who had, had a hand in it and shared with me. Talk about your foundation, the Chase and Dream Foundation. Well, I can tell you how we got started. Mr. Tom Johnson, I have to bring him in. My wife, the two of them, I can tell you the story of how we got started. We, when I retired from baseball, I was trying to keep a foundation called Chase and Dream Foundation. I was trying to fund it by going to card shows, signing autographs, and putting money into the foundation.  This is never gonna work. She said, let me handle it. Let me, let me do one thing. Let me try to have a birthday party for you. I said, fine. So I guess she went to Mr. Johnson, Tom. And she talked to Tom and Tom and her decided that they were gonna go to some of the high rollers, Coca-Cola and et cetera, and sell them tables for 50 and $60,000. And when she told me this, I said, I said, for what? I said, we're trying to have a birthday. Well, let's just keep it like a, like $50 or something. You know, she said, let me handle it. And sure enough, Tom and her got together and I'm telling you, Tom, to this day, you know, I feel like I've been blessed to know you. The night, fast forward. The night of my dinner. I've never seen anything, I have never seen anything like it. They had over 1,000 people. They raised over a million dollars. That, was it, am I saying right? Tom? A million 200. A million 200, that's what they raised. Did you put it out in your bed? Hit that like that. She, and Tom, and I have to say that if it's not for Tom, and I mean, sometimes Tom, I cry about it even now, you know, if it hadn't been for you, that foundation, I would still be out trying to sign autograph. Thanks to you that you've done so much for the kids.  And I certainly appreciate it. And my wife, the two of y'all, did it well. And thanks to you, thank you for lending him to us. Please, thank you. It's a testament to your legacy that there are so many young people in the audience tonight. What would you tell young folks who are chasing their own dreams? I would tell them that no matter what you decide to do, whether it's baseball, football, basketball, whatever it may be, that remember one thing, that there is no shortcut in life, absolutely no shortcut. I think that I've seen too many of our kids think that simply because they look at me and they say, well, not now, they look at me and they say, oh, he had 755 homeruns. How did he do it? I can do it. I can do the same thing. Well, they probably can. But then they'll look at somebody and they say, I got to do it. I got to do it. No matter what happened, I got to do 755 homerun. And they'll do anything to get to that. But I would say that success in life doesn't mean that you'd be successful today and tomorrow. You're successful. That means that you got to take one step at a time. And that's what I would tell them. That's what I try to tell all young people that when you start looking for shortcut in life, that's when you're going to get yourself in trouble. Do the young people that you come in contact with give you hope? Most kids that I've talked to, yes. Yeah. Yes. Well, you mentioned Tom Johnson. And Tom said of you, Henry, you never disappointed us, not once. Long after all of us are gone, your name, the name of Henry Aaron, will symbolize what I believe it really means to be a genuine American hero. I want to thank you not only for coming here tonight, but for all you've done to foster the American spirit by chasing your dreams. Well, I certainly appreciate it. Thank you so much for being here tonight. Thank you so much for being here tonight. Thank you.


Hey, welcome to wintering for beginners one We're going to show you the first form of Wing Chun called ceiling Tao which means little idea or which means basic techniques So let's get started Alright, so let's get into our starting position Before we get into the actual Wing Chun stance, we're going to start with our Wu Chi position All right, so this is the position you get into before any kind of martial arts most martial arts actually start in a Wu Chi position So what this does is that it trains you so that when you're in a natural position You're just standing around on the street or you're just walking down the street You're not in a fighting position yet. You're just in a natural position. So We're going to start in this natural position. So what it is is you're going to put your feet together All right, they don't have to be touching a little bit apart Maybe a niche apart from each other your feet your toes should be pointing slightly in Okay, your knees are slightly bent.  So if you feel your tailbone is the last bone on your spine Okay, and it should be I mean you feel it you want to tuck it underneath your legs like that Okay, so tuck it and what that does is it drops This part of the spine and then it rounds out The low number portion of your back.  All right, the next part is to pull The top of your head up towards the sky. So imagine there's a string that's hanging your head From the sky. Okay, so you have your chin and your nose tucked in and pulled in now you want to Neck and head even ever so slightly Imagine your whole body is hanging and suspending from the string All right.


the last time that I seen you we was all at the show and that's when we have got the news about Edad. How you been going through?  That was the last time I seen you. Yes I was there. Oh you was there.  That was the last time I seen you man. Bro I was cold here man.  You stayed for the rest of the night. The niggas didn't even stay. I don't even know what happened. I know y'all got in the car. I left too. Once I left I found out what happened. So like I know I ran off stage. You ran off stage. Then everybody was trying to see why you had left and then D.D. found out last but he was doing a meet and greet. Remember? You probably don't know. So like they were still performing or like. No we was done performing but we was about to do the meet and greet I think. I was still like it was still musical. Yeah because they wanted y'all to keep going. But sometimes it was like no we got to do the meet and greet. And then niggas started answering the phones and then yeah. You got the call? You got a call? I got a call once I got into the city. I got a call from Noodle's because he told EK you know. What? Yeah that's how I found out. What was your first reaction? I think it was crazy bro. Because y'all all wasn't even on a good time. I was still speaking abroad. I literally had spoken to him two days before that. And he said he was gonna go but niggas didn't invite him.  And I was like no you should still go. I just tell you for yourself. Yeah I definitely told him to still go.  How you been getting through it? Just um I'm trying to get.  I just be just I'm just here. I just be living day by day just going through it day by day. Yeah. Think about my son 24 seven.  So I feel like he definitely was but like a lot of y'all niggas down like you know it's a lot of people that I see you know saying my son fell off man niggas wasn't even jet like it's just like my son dying right there showed me a lot a whole lot. That's why I really I could say that I really like changed in a way different or fake love or it's a lot of fake love when my son was on this earth. I feel like I hear what you're saying. How do you feel about the separation now? I want to say separation but like I said. Not with the hill. I'm talking about remember EK.  That showed me their true colors. That showed me like fake love too. I was just on the phone with him the other day. Like oh bro like he'd be so mad at you right now. Gotta be mad tight at you right now. You know it bro you know it in your heart. I'm telling you know it in your heart. You know my son wouldn't be jacking you right now. Yes he would, yes he would.    Yeah that showed me a lot of nigga's true colors. And that's the talk of the town. Make sure you like comment subscribe and make sure you check out our website at www.talkofthetownshow.com


Hello, my name is Emily. Thank you for joining me today for some yoga. Today I have a special guest, my daughter's Teddy! Feel free to get a teddy or your favorite stuffy to help join you in yoga today. Now, you might notice I have a lot more props and a lot more stuff than usual and today we're gonna work on an obstacle course. So I've got some blocks, I've got a yoga mat, I've got a towel. Feel free to grab some pillows or anything else that you think might work as long as it's not too slippery of the surface. I also have a shaker for a new song. But we'll have a similar format to usual. We'll start with some hubbred. We'll do our Namaste song, new song, then we'll do our warm-up with extended stretch, stun sedutation. We'll do some playful movement. I'm looking for a big bear. You have to do our mystery bag. Have some quiet time and close with our Namaste song. All right, so let's come in a comfortable position on the floor. Do you all have your friends ready? Awesome!  So take a big breath in. Feel free to put them in your hands if you'd like. Or maybe they're in your lap. Love these hugs. Let's take a big breath in, bringing our hands to our heart. Namaste, namaste. This is the way we start our yoga day. The light in me honors the light in you. Extend and stretch. You ready little guy? Extend and stretch. Extend and stretch. Now, I do want to give a shout out to a couple friends that I saw this week. Carl and Emma, it made my heart so warm to hear that you have been watching yoga. Thank you so much. So our new song, our own song, I'll start with Om, everybody. And then let's do Carl. Maybe a tambourine or shakers handy. Go ahead and grab them. Let's touch them out. I think it's working. It's serious. Maybe a little louder. Better. Here's the Om song. Om, joyful heart. Om, sing it with that open joyful heart. Special shout out. Om, cotton joyful heart. Om, Emma, celebrate Emma. Sing it with that open joyful heart. Yeah! Come into our sun salutation. Grab your buddies. You might have to help them, especially if this is their first time doing yoga. All right. Let's reach up for the sun. Big breath. Put both hands on either side of your buddy and we'll step out all the way nice and tight. And we're going to come down and give your buddy a kiss. Let's look up into cobra pose. Feel free to show me a snake. Push back into down or facing dog. You want to bring your buddy close so you can see him doing down dog.  Are you going to push back? Hey buddy. Awesome. Now let's come on down under our hands and knees for some cat and cow. Feel free to keep your buddy close. We're going to look up, arching our back. Ooh, and then we got an angry cat bringing our back to the sky. Meow. You think Teddy's this crazy? Monkey kick. So hands are still on either side of your buddy. And let's come up on her, on her feet and just do the kick. Hee-haw. I hope your body's feeling warm. So we're going on a super adventure today. We're looking for a bear. Let's do it. Big bear. I'm not scared. I've got my trusty buddy in the flashlight by my side. In the flashlight by my side. Look up ahead. Big tree. Can't go over it. Can't go under it. I guess we'll go around it. I guess we'll go around it. Ooh. Going on. I'm not scared. Got my special buddy in the flashlight by my side. In the flashlight by my side. Look up ahead. There. Can't jump. Oh, it's like that on my side. Do you see what I see? It's a big bear.  Shall we? Ooh. Alright. What was the first thing we saw? Feel a little more proud of the tree pose. So I'm going to come squarely on the both feet and lift the leg. Maybe to my shin or maybe over my knee. If we do one leg, let's do the other. Either your shin or over your knee. The next thing we saw. Do you guys remember? Let's do a big flowing river breath. So we'll breathe in and out. And our last thing we saw. Come down onto our knees and we'll come into a rock pose. Put our head on your body or on the ground and your hands can be behind you. I really did think I saw a big bear. But I'm so happy that I had my teddy with me to help. To write the mystery bag. Here we go. What's inside the mystery bag? The mystery bag. The mystery bag. What's inside the mystery bag? Teddy, do you know? Do you hear anything? You ready? Oh, I bet you're pretty close. He's a pilot bear. Awesome. Hey, so now I've got my two teddies. Let's get ready for a little relaxation and breath work with our bear friends. So we'll say teddy bears, teddy bears, turn around. Teddy bear, teddy bear, touch the ground. Teddy bears, teddy bears, lay on down. Teddy bears are right on my belly for a big bear belly breath. And let's watch them to see if they move with my belly. Did you see that? Did they move? I'm going to try. Big belly breath. Oh, I think I saw it move a little bit. From here, let's go into Shavasana and just rest a little bit. Or you can shimmy over to the wall, lifting your feet to the side. Oh, bringing your body around a little bit. So, oh, my teddy's right here. Or he's right on that belly. Let's take a few deep breaths. That was some adventure, I tell you. But it was really nice to do some breathing and calm down after seeing that big bear. Let's come into a comfortable seat position with your buddies close by.  And hands in front of heart. This is the way we end. The light in me honors the light in you. It's you.