is going to talk about the zombie apocalypse versus international health regulations. Introducing a very important piece of international law and how to circumvent it. Florian, that's your stage. Thank you very much. Thanks for your kind introduction and also to you for coming so early in the morning at one o'clock. And special thanks to my friend, Dan, who borrowed me his computer. I mean, I know it's a computer conference, but I didn't bring my computer with me. I also have to start with a huge disappointment. I mean, remember when you found out the truth about the Easter Bunny and Father Christmas, zombies are not real. They are characters of imagination. However, I will assume for the rest of my talk that they are real and also that the apocalypse started less than 12 hours ago or not yet. And if you're more interested in what happens afterwards, I would like to refer you to the many documentaries out there. There are also interactive training environments on your computer, but we just pretend that it hasn't started yet. And infectious diseases always ignore borders, and they have been analysis from the Stone Age, where you could show that the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, was moving from the areas we now call Asia to the areas we now call Europe. And they found it by analyzing the cavemen teeth. And in more recent times, we had in Europe devastating epidemics. Recent time means the 19th century. We had devastating cholera epidemics. And it's the kind of epidemics you have now in Civil War torn Yemen, where you have over 700,000 cases and over a thousand deaths. And cholera is really serious. Here now in our camp environment, if we had untreated cholera, about 50% of us would die. So they would die, probably. And this is why people came, the governments came together to discuss how to introduce rules to combat infectious diseases. And especially after the Second World War, when the United Nations were founded, the WHO, the World Health Organization was founded. And they started with the first iterations of the International Health Regulations in 1969. They had an update. And the goal was to monitor cholera, plague, yellow fever, smallpox, and some other diseases. However, these were defined diseases. Because at that time, we still thought that we know everything about bacteria, everything about diseases. So you didn't have unknown threats in there. And the diseases that are underlined are the ones that had to be notified. Which essentially means that if you are a nation state and you say, I have cholera, then your neighbors start implementing trade controls and travel control. So it's a disincentive from saying, oh, I have cholera. There were a lot of notifications which were saying, oh, we have an outbreak of watery diarrhea, which of course was cholera. But they didn't call it this way. Then there was an epic fail in 2003. SARS came. And it started in mainland China. And fortunately, there was an infectious disease network, the influenza network. They picked up a lot of people that became ill with respiratory diseases. And still, the H1 and 5 threat, it's basically the thing that scares everyone. And at first, they thought that now they have a very, very dangerous influenza epidemic, pandemic starting up. You had cases in the Philippines. You had cases in Vietnam. And it spread very, very quickly. The costs here are only the cost to food and travel. It's not the human tragedy which you see here. And the situation was really, really bad up until April 2003, when the Chinese government changed and Hu Jintao became president. Then the cooperation between mainland China and WHO and other countries improved. And when you go back here, SARS wasn't on this list. So China didn't do anything wrong. They didn't break any international laws. Fortunately, a miracle happened. And all the people who had really good ideas, all the years before, who were not heard, all the public health epidemiologists, they got together. Iran and United States were sitting on a negotiation table. You had Pakistan, India, all the classic enemies coming together and making up new rules. And the international health regulation came into force in 2007. And its primary purpose, of course, is to prevent and combat the cross-border health threats. This does include chemical, radiological and biological incidents. And it's important that it is a cross-border threat. So as long as the epidemic is in your own country, the international health regulations don't apply. But the moment it becomes a threat to infect other countries or people living in other countries, the international health regulations get triggered. It also has an important point in protecting human rights and human dignity. And, for example, in the 2014 Ebola intervention, it became very, very important to provide dignified burials because you had people who became sick of Ebola. They died and it became very important to keep the local population still engaged with the intervention team. So you needed dignified burials. And this is still an issue now in the current Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the north of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Then since its governments agreeing to regulations, you have to respect the national sovereignty. And the last point, you need to avoid unnecessary impairment to international travel and, of course, trade. I'm coming to the zombies in a few moments. Mainly the international health regulation contain codified responsibilities. So things that a state thinks that a government needs to organize in order to, well, in order to fulfill those responsibilities. And we have the chemical, biological, radiological threats. When you think of Chernobyl, Chernobyl would qualify for a radiological health threat. It's a cross-border health threat or it was a cross-border health threat. And a lot of the things that are in the regulations deal with structural requirements. So you need to have surveillance capabilities. And surveillance here is something positive. So it's not evil state invading your privacy. It's good public health protecting you from infectious diseases. And I just read the email this morning that the surveillance team, Fachgebiet 32 from the RKI Robert Koch Institute is watching this stream as well. It also deals with the health of the state. And you can see the notification chain. For example, if you get diarrhea here and a lot of people would get diarrhea here, the local health department of this crisis would call the state health department. I work for a state health department in another part of Germany. And they get a notification and they notify the federal agency. So you can see that. And you can see that. And it's a cross-border checkpoints later. Another important tool is the public health emergency of international concern. It's kind of DEF CON 5 and the movies. You know, the wargame movie, movie wargame, DEF CON 5. And it's quite simple. The moment you have a public health risk that could also spread to other countries and the moment it requires a public health emergency of international concern. Examples would be the still ongoing polio eradication. Our huge influenza pandemic in 2009 was a fake, not a fake, but how do you pronounce this in English? Fake? Okay. And the Ebola 2014 was one. And the very recent ongoing Ebola outbreak 2019 was also a public or is a public health emergency of international concern. And now this is taken completely out of context. I know. But the first sentence they have is that the WHO legal department and the department of compliance risk management and ethics. So they briefed someone. Because I was thinking it's like a medical emergency, but they start with the department of compliance and legal, with the legal department. So now you are asking yourself, where do the zombies come in? Plan nine from outer space had a aliens who were chemically triggering the pituitary gland of recently deceased humans and they crawled from their grave and well did their thing. The classic night of the living dead had a space probe from Venus, which was sort of radioactive. And this triggered all the zombies. And the more plausible resident evil world was set or 28 days later, it was a biological agent. Now, 28 days later was very, very special because it was a movie about an epidemic spiraling out of control during a time when an epidemic was spiraling out of control during SARS. And when you think of this in terms of cosmic ripple effects, like the butterfly effects, I'm really sure, I'm honestly I'm really sure that presenting this SARS threat in a sort of movie where politicians can go to makes it explainable to them so that they actually do something. And it was a coincidence that 28 days later coincided with SARS, but I'm very sure that it helped to help the politician to grab the seriousness of the situation they were in. So, what's the Halbzeit score? The halftime score for the international health regulations is 0. And I have to say this, they are epidemiological plot holes in the movies. Because in epidemiology, you have exposure and outcomes.  However, dying from coronary heart disease has no feedback on smoking. With infectious disease epidemiology, the outcome is the exposure. So, you have nonlinear effects. Translating this into zombie movies, there's no way a zombie can sort of increase the radioactivity or that the zombie can increase the chemical exposure to something, because this is a linear effect here. Only with biological agents, you can have this epidemic spreading out. So, did we miss anything? Of course. This gentleman shows us that the WHO missed completely necromancy.  I'm skipping that, but who can tell me, and shout it out, who can tell me who the most dangerous necromancer is here? It's not the white king. It's not the white king. Who is the most dangerous one? Shout out. My son did know the answer and he's eight years old when I was asking him when he was bringing him to sleep. Okay. It's the woman on the top right. It's Liliana Ves from Magic the Gathering. She's a planes walker, so her basic ability is to walk between different planes. So she's the one most likely to be able to come here. And then if you see her call the gate watch, please. Anything else? We have the Eurovision Song Contest. This is not playing now. Hold on. Wait a second. What did I do? Okay. Yeah. Eurovision Song Contest. Lordy. Hard Rock. Hallelujah. It's actually my favorite part in the video. You have this, this is poor heavy metal fan who get dissed by everyone and now she's getting her own zombie entourage from the cheer leaders. And this clearly shows that heavy metal can create zombies. So heavy metal as a threat, it's not an international health regulation. So we have two series fails here. And the score is now a little bit better for the zombies. And it's a bit of a joke, but I have to introduce you into a very important rule, the Beamt Regel Nummer 1, Zuständigkeit prüfen. And this is part joke, but serious. But when you work as a Beamter, like like I do, very often people want something from you, people want you to work. And if you can somehow make the point that it's not your your department, it's not your jurisdiction, it's not your Zuständigkeit. Well, you know, you would like to help but not my Zuständigkeit. So translating this to the international health regulations, the chemical, biological, radiological zombies are covered. But the necromantic and the heavy metal zombies are not covered. And translating this into a real world, a problem is the current invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito in Germany. It's an important disease vector. And it's a little mosquito, which is right now invading Germany. And you have the environmental agencies who are usually in charge of, well, like like rats and animals and also mosquitoes. And they keep saying, well, it's not our business, because it's a health problem. So it's the the health department's problem. The health department's problem says, Well, no, it's an environmental problem. So in the end, nothing gets done really. And it's a really, it's a real problem of agencies not cooperating and not working with each other. And so yes, Zuständigkeit prüfen is a problem. Let's talk about this algorithm on page 43 in NX2 of the International Health Regulations. And it basically determines whether or not you need to make a notification to the WHO. So all these algorithm, all this algorithm comes down to a yes, no decision, shall I notify WHO or not? If the answer is yes, you have a nice notification form. You will see this as a German form. And that is because, as I said earlier, every nation state has the responsibility to translate the International Health Regulation in national law. In Germany, it's called International Gesundheitsvorschriften Durchführungsverordnung or Gesetz. No, I think it's a Gesetz. And you can say, Well, yes, you know, here we have the other threat, so it's not smallpox, it's zombie apocalypse, and you can say something and you have to fax it. There's a fax number. And I think the fax number is hooked up to some email account, but the German law stipulates well, if you trigger a notification, you need to fax it to them. And it's not the commoners who send it, it's the health departments who send it. And the new algorithm is almost backwards compatible. You see the yellow diseases which were also present in the version two. This is International Health Regulation version three. It also has plug-ins. SARS is in it now. But most importantly, they added something, health threats of unknown courses, courses or sources or other events. So this would be the algorithm for zombies. It's a, I can't read it. Yeah, we have an event detected. And it's an unknown course. It's, yes, it's serious health impact, having zombies coming to your home. It's unusual and unexpected. So, yes, we need to notify it. However, that's not always the case. In World of Warcraft, under city, that's the place where it's a scourge, isn't it? The undead live there. So, I mean, zombies are undead and undead living in undead cities, nothing unusual. So it's not unexpected. And let's just assume for a second that all the undead of World of Warcraft stay there and they don't impede travel or trade. Then the notification is not triggered because it's nothing unusual. A real-world example would be measles. In the Ukraine, measles is, they have so many measles cases. It also has to do with the Civil War in Ukraine. But they have so many measles cases that if you were traveling by plane to the Ukraine, you would not trigger the international health regulations. However, if you were traveling to the United States, which are certified measles-free, they have an official certification as a measles-free, not region, but state, yes. This would trigger a notification. And the United States will lose their measles-free certificates this October, most probably, because they have an ongoing measles outbreak which is now ongoing for over a year. And it certainly does not help that President Trump is an anti-vaxxer. And yes, so let's talk about zombies crossing at points of entry. There is a paragraph 20 which says that the state parties, which means the governments, need to tell the WHO where they port, so the shipping ports, international shipping ports, and international airports, which of those airports have the capabilities to deal with a highly infectious disease case. The same is for ground crossings, but let's focus on the planes, on the airports, and on the ports. This is again an example from Germany. And as I said before, the international health regulations are about capacity building. So these are the airports in Germany which have this capability and the ports. And should you be anywhere in the world and have a highly infectious disease which could wipe out humanity, the best thing would be to jump into an active volcano. If we were married and I wanted you to survive, I would recommend that you book a plane ticket to Frankfurt and just like, you know, sit in the far corner of the airplane. And before you land, like three hours before you land, you tell the stewardess that you just came from a tropical region and then you have like high fever and you're not feeling well and you think you might have something really serious. That gives them enough time to get ready and to put you into their biosafety level four hospital there. The hospital is really, really good, but it took so long to build and it was built for smallpox eradication, but it had so much red tape and it took so long to build that once it was finished, smallpox was eradicated already. But it's still there and they have really nice tools and the local health department in Frankfurt, they are hard as nails and they're really one of the best. So what happens when you have zombies on a plane, on the passenger locator card? Let's say you have an event or you have someone with an infectious disease in an airplane, you get these cards for contact tracing. So all the passengers will get these cards so that you can follow them up. The only question is whether the zombies will eat you before or after they got these cards. But contact tracing is really important. It's actually one of the most important tools on the top left. You see the contact tracing that was done by my colleagues Lutz and Maya during a LASA incident in Germany. It was the first LASA transmission outside of Africa. And the goal is to trace the contact, to get them into, to observe whether or not they get sick, to get them to give them treatment and to make sure that you don't get more infectious contacts. The graph on the top right is our tuberculosis outbreak from 2007. But the more important graph is the one on the bottom. It's the Ebola outbreak in 2014 in Nigeria and let me just very quickly say that nobody so far was able to do what Nigeria did. It was absolutely amazing. You have 190 million people a country. You have an ill person with Ebola who against the advice of the doctor came to a 21 million people city. And the person lied about his Ebola exposure. And the Nigerian epidemiologists, they had over 18,000 visits. They had over almost 900 contacts. And they found 20 cases. Unfortunately, eight cases died. But within almost only a month they managed to stop Ebola in their country. And this is absolutely fantastic. And yes, let's quickly talk about the travel and trade loophole.  The moment you are able to avoid restrictions and you avoid notification. And when you take a closer look at the paragraph 43, it basically says that you as the sovereign state are allowed to make your own laws, as long as your own laws are not more restrictive than reasonably available alternatives that would achieve the appropriate level of health protection. What is reasonably available, what is appropriate? And if you are a good lawyer, you can help this in an infinite loop. So my final verdict is a draw between zombies and the international health regulations. And if you really want to hack the international health regulations, you should either establish a cross-border trading empire, zombie organs, for example, and hire many, many lawyers. You could also take up necromancy lessons. Usually in death magic, the first spell is always raise dead. And there are a lot of instructions on the internet. Or you could just join a heavy metal band. And yes, again, special thanks to Dan from team 23 here. Yeah, that was it. Florian, that was quicker than expected, which gives us some more time for the Q&A session. So hopefully your friends in the Robert Koch Institute found the chat button and will come up with some serious difficult questions now. Do we have something from the internet? I don't see a signal over there, no. Do we have questions here from the people in the tent? Hi. You mentioned the heavy metal example, but you could also see it as the anti-vaxxers movement that goes from state to state. I didn't get your question. The anti-vaxxers movement. Yes. That is also popular culture, in a sense, that moves from state to state. Yes, that's true. You said the anti-vaccination movement. This is a threat. It's a threat for vaccine preventable diseases. Nobody in the Republic of Congo is arguing about the Ebola vaccine. That's what my knowledge is. But you are right that the anti-vaxxing movement in especially rich countries like the United States, also like Germany, that this leads to the lack of herd immunity. And if you do not have herd immunity, then those people who cannot get vaccinated, like children under one year, like people with immune diseases, like older people, like people with organ transplants, but basically probably everybody knows one of the few people in that category, they can't be protected. So yes, it's a threat to public health. And it would be very easy and very simple to mitigate this. Thank you. Thanks for your question. We're going to head over to the next question. Yes. So the question will start out crazy and when you get serious. So are zombies still considered to be human beings with all rights in some studies? Yes. Yeah and the serious part is have there been countries who are considered to remove human rights from people who suffered from some illnesses, some infectious diseases? That's a very good point because as I said here the purpose is to protect human dignity and human rights and I was very closely following in 2014 the Ebola outbreak and here it depends on your nationality. And I couldn't, I remember this example, I couldn't find the source but there was a person from I think Bangladesh and he was traveling from a non-Ebola country but nevertheless and that person was basically quarantined for a very very long time and his nationality was Bangladeshi. I'm very sure if that person had been European or if that person had been United, had a United States citizenship, he would not have been quarantined for such a long time. Then the human rights issue, it's self-defeating if you do not respect the human rights because in rich countries you wouldn't need the international health regulations because frankly our public health system is very strong but it's a catch-22 when you have poorer countries like civil war, countries with civil war, with a lot of corruption, with a lot of unfair with trade imbalances, people lose trust in the government and this happened in the Ebola 2014 situation and the epidemiologists who were very technical could not solve the problem and only when you had the anthropologists coming in and saying well wait a second these people have burial rites you can't just go there take them away. What would you do if somebody with a mask comes to your place takes away your child? Respecting human rights and respecting the dignity is the only way you can create trust in such a situation. What they did for example is they made the fences lower so you could actually see from the treatment areas they could see each other it's like you would have two tents there. They gave them free cell phones so they could call them so you must maintain dignity in human rights for cooperation even if you do not believe in human rights. I mean we all do but even on a purely technical ground you must respect human rights to get cooperation otherwise it doesn't work. Thanks. Thanks for your detailed answer. The signal angel was signaling therefore we have a question from outside the tent. Hi FG32 surveillance asks how well is the Berlin airport prepared for some innovation? I didn't get it. There was something with the Berlin airport can you can you just repeat it again sorry. Sorry how well in your opinion is the Berlin airport prepared for some innovation? Okay how well is the Berlin airport prepared for circumstances like that? I guess that one airport is really well prepared for that but are we gonna detail for that airport that we haven't used at the moment? It's I mean we are in Germany we love rules it's and the the international Gesundheitsvorschriftengesetz is quite old it's from 2012 I think and the country the no I think it's 11 and you must be prepared and you you people want money and and if you say look we have new obligations this is this is a federal law we have new obligations we need to do something so we we need to hire somebody so I'm I'm very sure that the Berlin airport is prepared very well and the thing is you need a hospital that can treat highly infectious diseases and the Charité in Berlin can do that then you need a good transport there and you need a laboratory the Robert Koch Institute has a biosafety level 4 laboratory that is 24 hours to 24 7 and all this stuff costs a lot of money and people were actually really keen to implement it because they they they but to answer your question Berlin is prepared yes no I mean seriously you you have a new law and and the first thing the administration does oh we have Neue Aufgaben we have new duties and for that we need new money and if it is a federal law there's nothing you can do against it you know it's like I really need new money and Munich for example Munich for example my Bavarian colleagues they they they got I think six six positions which do deal with international health regulation but at the same time they strengthen the normal surveillance and I'm really sad that my country my state Rheinland-Pfalz doesn't have a international point of entry so we we didn't get the money the Bavarians got all right thanks for that answer and thanks for the question we're gonna head over here to the tent microphone I think unfortunately you forgot one vector which is computer viruses jumping the air gap to the user so uh is it then four to three for the zombies maybe um so wait a second hold on hold on um so you you uh hold on where are we here so for that to work you you would need a computer vector which creates human zombies well okay I mean if you play too much computer you yeah I actually you're right I mean yeah yeah no I didn't think of that well it's not a health risk it's not a health free oh yeah that's the point it's not a health risk because it does not okay you have international spread uh yes you have international spread you have an international health actually yes you're right you're right I mean I was I was hoping for somebody to point out that Michael Jackson had a lot of zombies and Michael Jackson is not uh heavy metal but it doesn't work there there yeah if you can kill him with proper for this not a zombie say yeah yeah he's not a zombie no so that was the famous so do we have another question from the internet we don't do we have someone queuing up over here I can't really see that no we don't therefore we're gonna end up six minutes earlier than expected oh no there is one question oh yeah we're not gonna finish that and for you guys please queue up behind the microphone so we here we go hello thank you very much for your talk I was wondering if you could say a few words about how the monitoring is done at national and international level and how does big data come come in and briefly your pros and cons maybe um thank you you have to make a distinction you have to distinguish between low resource countries and the more the richer countries um the the low resource countries when they um a lot of them have the symptomatic surveillance um you do not have the interest the infrastructure of having a laboratory having a doctor everywhere and I'm not so sure whether our western model of having a doctor in a hospital everywhere is suits everywhere um but there you would have um symptomatic um surveillance for example for polio you have the acute acute flaccid paralysis surveillance uh everywhere in the world which um the the surveillance is when you have a lot of children all of a sudden who have a flaccid paralysis then you basically detect that and then you you jump in you you make an intervention you find out what's happening there um the the um the richer countries like uh Germany for example we have this mandatory disease notification and um if if we were uh getting diarrhea we were having a having an outbreak here um the local health department would get all our personal data which is also good because they are the ones who need to make he need to do the contact tracing they enter the data with your personal data into a uh central electronic system which is called surfnet and from that moment on um it it gets transmitted but it's transmitted anonymously so I'm working at a state level um health department and we only get the month of birth the the the the uh gender and the year of birth and and and the land crisis so um there is very strong data protection uh there and not even the robot core institute is um since we are the ones who transmit this data we don't have this data they can have this data either there is a very interesting development called demis um and I will I see my friends from the robot core institute cringe a bit um which is reforming the the the whole process but uh that's a different story and I cannot comment on other countries like um uh uh UK or like like France but in Germany it's it's very good that your local health department knows everything and um they are the ones you interact with they're the ones you build a trusted relationship they are the ones who go into your kindergarten when there is an outbreak they're the ones who go to the schools and and they are the ones who actually do the most important public health work work I'm only crunching numbers Florian from the looks like that also last question no one is queuing over here sure or did I miss someone no I didn't so three minutes to go three minutes we're gonna close earlier Florian thanks for explaining all the zombie apocalypse and the international health regulation that is your applause thanks for your time and thanks for answering all the questions


Nigeria federal government has decried the lack of enabling legislation that provides stiffer punishments for vandals of the government infrastructure and facilities across the country. The Minister of Information and Culture, Lai Muhammad, during a town hall meeting in Abuja, describes the wanton attack on critical government infrastructure and facilities is an act of terror capable of affecting the economy of the country. He says the town hall meeting will enable Nigerians and government address the insincent and worsening destruction of public property and sensitized communities on the need to expose those engaging in buying pilfered infrastructure that will lead to arrest and persecution. In organizing these town hall meetings, our major objectives are to create in the public mind the government property and indeed citizens property and so must be protected for the benefit of all. Expose, arrest and persecution all those who engage in buying pilfered infrastructure items along with those bringing such item to them and to subsidize the larger citizenry to support the widespread campaign on the protection and ownership of public infrastructure assets especially in the railway, roads and aviation centers. We have started a recovery of all of these sites and slowly but surely we want to evict all trucks or vehicles from under the bridges. That is our decision, that is the right thing to do. All of this is unlawful. So we're going to meet the support, the understanding and the collaboration of all women and right-thinking Nigerians to recover all of these things from those who put them to unlawful and improper use. In Jaws, we are a set of Chinese companies that bought those trucks from them. We're going to cut funding media. What is the consequence, 200,000 naira? That's the law. So I want to stretch this to show you that I'm going to express our best friendliness, to show you that it is just not enough to stop, it is that there must be consequences and 200,000 naira consequences not enough. I think now the national security architecture understood and the underscored importance of national security assets and our infrastructure assets. So they should step up and members of the national assembly should quickly enact those laws to ensure that people are punished maximally. So you get notified about fresh news updates.


All righty, thank you all for joining After Lunch. It's my pleasure to present this afternoon's session on our work deploying NVIDIA RDM as an institutional repository platform for data, software, and publications. I'm Tom Murrell, I'm the Research Data Specialist at Caltech Library. My background is actually in computational chemistry, I'm sorry, as a researcher before I joined the library seven years ago to help with institutional data and software management. And that really helps me focus the services that we provide to really meeting the researcher's needs. And I'm going to be talking all about the work that we've done bringing up our data and software repository platform. The slides are available on Zenodo, so you can grab the DOI at the bottom of the slides now, or you can just search and find the slides afterwards. So I wanted to start with a little bit of context about Caltech because it's a little bit of a weird place. So it has a big scientific impact. There's been 46 Nobel Prizes associated with the Institute. We manage a lot of large facilities, including the Jet Propulsion Lab, the Palomar and Keck Observatories, and we co-manage LIGO. At the same time, we're really small. There's only 300 faculty, 1,000 undergraduates, 1,400 graduate students.  And that makes the library also a little bit unique. We're a small group, but we have a really big impact. So we've run institutional repositories since 2001. We've got over 100,000 items. I wanted at this point to acknowledge some of the folks that helped make this project possible. So from the digital library group, we've got Robert Doyle, who helped with all of our authentication, Tommy Keswick, who did our theming and CSS work, Mike Kucca, who helped with the GitHub integration and our fearless leader, Stephen Davidson, who's also here. And then on the NVIDIA R-DM migration team, we have Kathy Johnson, who did a lot of the VOR mapping, which I'll talk about a little bit later. George Porter, who manages Caltech Authors and that massive collection of content, and Tony Diaz, who helped a lot with our data cleanup and testing. I'm gonna start with what I spend most of my time with, which is Caltech data. So Caltech data is our institutional repository for Caltech researchers to upload data sets and software. The reason we wanted our own data repository was we really wanted to make it easy for researchers to deposit their content. We know there's a ton of really valuable research data sitting on researchers' laptops, on lab servers, and if we don't get that content into a format that we can actually preserve and use, it's just gonna get lost. And we wanted to make sure that this was as easy as possible for researchers to reduce their burden. It's also really helpful for compliance with publisher mandates, as well as funder mandates for sharing both data and software. We started in 2017, and it's been really successful. So we've got over 26,000 records, over 10 terabytes of data in storage. The vast majority of the records have been automatically generated with our API. We're basically automatically transferring in records and files. But we do have a significant amount of software that have been generated from our GitHub integration, as well as individual single one-off deposits where researchers come to our deposit form, upload their files, describe them. And we've had submissions there from over 6% of our campus users. So we've gotten a pretty broad base of submissions. What types of things do we have? We have kind of the traditional data of a big sheet of numbers. We also have software. We have simulation results. We have stuff that doesn't fit in other places. We actually have a lot of early AI vision training data sets, like this data set from the Mars yard at JPL. We have cases where the photos themselves are the research objects in terms of this set looking at some rock samples. And then we have images that are almost arts. This is a map of Titan, where they pulled in different data sets and generated this really pretty map. And we've also got three-dimensional data, like this mouse femur. So we've got all sorts of data sets from all sorts of disciplines, all types of data, and it's all stuff that wouldn't fit into a traditional domain repository. So you really need a generalist type repository environment to be able to collect this content. So what were we looking for in a repository? The initial version of Caltech data was inspired by Zenodo. So we worked with a hosting provider, and we said we really want the self-deposit and the ease of use that we see with Zenodo. And fortunately, because Zenodo is open source software, we were able to actually basically grab the code and then modify it for our needs. Again, the key feature was it's easy for researchers to go in and describe and upload their files. And philosophically, the researchers are the ones that are in control of their records. So from the library side, we're able to help to make suggestions and improvements, but it's really the researchers' data, the researchers' records, they're the ones that are responsible for describing accurately what work they've done and what files they're uploading. All the records get DOIs. We had an integration with GitHub where you can pull software down automatically, as well as an API for accessing data. And that was really critical for a lot of the integrations that I'll talk about later on. And the thing was that lots of other institutions had this same idea. They're like, oh, we want to have an institutional version of Zenodo. And because the code was open, they said, oh, we'll go grab the code and we'll modify it. The problem with that is then you have 20 or 30 or 40 different forks of Zenodo. And it's basically impossible for everyone to update, make contributions to the same source code base if everyone has their own little fork. And so we realized this was a problem and this spawned the idea of NVIDIA or RDM. So there's currently, I think, 26 NVIDIA or RDM partners that all have this same use case. They want a repository that likes Zenodo but for their institution. And what features does it have out of the box? So it's built on the NVIDIA repository platform. So it's Python-based, which is really nice for development. It's, again, inspired by Zenodo, but it's designed to be customizable. So like theming, you can really easily theme stuff. Things like vocabularies, you can really easily customize and I'll talk about that in a little bit more detail later on. It is designed around data and software. So it's bones, it's a data and software repository. But it does support all item types. And if you look at Zenodo, they actually have a large amount of traditional journal publication type content. Caltech data was an early migration, so we had a contractual reason that we had to move. So we were early, particularly for a larger repository. Zenodo itself will be migrating this fall. So what do you get out of the box with NVIDIA or RDM? You get that user-friendly deposit form. Again, we want it to be easy for researchers to participate in this process. I'm gonna talk through some of the big features of the deposit form, but really the best thing to do is for you to try it out yourself. So if you go to NVIDIA or RDM.web.cern.ch, that's the public test version of NVIDIA or RDM you can put in whatever email address you want and it'll allow you to play around at the deposit form. So there's autocomplete in a lot of places that make things easier for researchers. So creators and contributors will auto-fill from Orchid. Affiliations will auto-fill with Roars. You can put in whatever subject vocabularies you want. You can put in award information. So if you have grants that you want to have researchers tag their data sets or software with, you can put those in. Funders are identified with Roar Identifiers. We have that drag-and-drop file uploads. It's really easy to add files into the system.  We have automatic DOI registration. So when that record is published, a DOI is automatically minted. We spent a lot of time making sure that all the metadata in NVIDIA or RDM goes to data site. So we've got a really nice platform for managing the DOIs. You can do draft records. So basically, researchers can start filling out a record, save it to their workspace and come back to it later. And the other nice out-of-the-box feature are these community record curations. It's basically what you can do is you can set up a community, say a research group or a lab or a division. You can identify individuals who are gonna be acting as curators for that community, and then researchers can submit their records into that community, and then the curators can review that. So it's basically a self-service curation environment. And it works really well for empowering researchers to figure out how they wanna do their data management and data curation. So how did our migration go? What do we need to do? Well, we needed to move all the 20,000 or so records and files that were in the old version of Caltech data. We had to customize the repository for Caltech, so the theming, putting in stuff like Orchids. Most importantly, we had to ensure that the API integrations that we had put together continued to work. So what was our migration strategy? So we really relied on standard data site metadata. And this was something that we had started really early on when we were working with Caltech data. The original kind of tweaked version of Zanotto had a couple of weird things in the metadata schema that we knew we weren't gonna continue moving forward. And so what we did is we built some tooling for transforming the internal schema that was used to standard data site metadata. And we were able to basically export out all the records, validate that metadata was correct, and then put it back in. And so we had already, when we decided we were gonna migrate to inviniardium, we'd already gone through the process of validating that, yes, we could pull out all of our metadata and all of our files. So we basically did that and we had an export of everything. We then imported records into inviniardium using the API. So this is not the only way you can get records into the system. So if you're Zanotto and have two million records, there are faster ways of doing it. But this was really useful for us because it allowed us to validate that the API used for generating records would work for everything we had in the collection and it was behaving as we expected. And once everything was moved over, we then switched. We swapped our name name to the new version of inviniardium. As usual, it takes a little while for the single sign-on stuff to get configured correctly. But generally for our users, there wasn't a significant change. All their records were as they were before and they could easily generate new records. During the migration process, we did some metadata enhancements. So raw identifiers didn't exist when Caltech data started. There wasn't really a place for them in the system. So we took the opportunity of the migration to do some enhancements. So we started with an automated mapping from our affiliation strings to raw identifiers using the raw retriever from metadata game changers, followed by manual validation. And that many validation step, having a human in the loop is really important because short affiliations like JPL don't automatically map particularly well, as well as you'll have lots of national institutes of health. Which one is the correct one? You kind of need to have a little bit more context to be able to make that decision. We also mapped and split free text affiliations. So in the old version of Caltech data, we didn't have the ability to do kind of multiple affiliations per contributor. So we were able to go in in cases where people had had multiple affiliations in the same field, we were able to split those up and map those terrores. We also mapped funders in terrore. And we did minor cleanup like splitting subjects, even though we had the ability to do individual subjects, people really liked putting in subjects separated by semicolons and commas. So we cleaned all that up. You can take a look at what we did in terms of the migration, our scripts are up on GitHub. We also did do theming. And as I said, InveniorDM is designed to allow you to theme it. So we made the front page look exactly like we wanted with our orange everywhere. We get theming on the landing pages. So that is really nice for identifying where you are. And even stuff like the login page. This is actually where Tommy spent most of his time figuring out how to get the, how to kind of direct people to our single sign-on while still allowing people to use local logins if needed. The other thing that we were able to implement as part of our migration was our Caltech people list. So this is a prior library wide effort to identify what people are associated with Caltech and what their orchids are. So this is useful for a whole bunch of things. It powers our metadata service feeds, which is basically an aggregated view of the metadata in our repositories, which is useful for stuff like faculty websites and reporting. But since we already had this vocabulary, we were able to add it in InveniorDM as a name vocabulary. And what that enables is then if you're adding a creator to a record, you can start typing somebody's name. And if it's in the system, it will automatically say, oh, this is probably the person you're talking about. Once you click that person, it auto fills in their family and given name, their orchid, their affiliation, which has a roar in the back end of it. So it makes it really easy to add people to records. I want to spend most of my time talking about what we do with APIs. And the three ones that I'm going to talk about are the Cell Atlas, T-Con, and Micro Publication. We actually did a CNI digital briefing that covers some of this in more detail. So if you find this interesting, go check out the digital briefing. So the Cell Atlas is a really cool book publication online project. It's an open access textbook on the microbial cell. And so it's really neat interactive. There's over 150 videos with text and narration. There's overlay, sliders, 3D protein structures. It's a really cool way of looking at cells. For this audience, the important thing is that the videos and other media that make up this site are stored in Caltech Data. And all those records were automatically created with the Caltech Data API. So when we migrated, we had to make sure that all that automation still worked. So the 2.4 version release of the Cell Atlas was the first one where we had, and Vinny, you already have been running. And we didn't really have a whole ton of changes to do to make this work. So we had to add raw identifiers, we had to make a couple other minor metadata changes. But basically, we ran the script, we uploaded the content. So this is a shot of the PDF version in the new version of Caltech Data. And the nice thing is it now has that built-in versioning. So you can look in between different versions and see what's changed on that right-hand panel. Another API automation that we have is T-Cons. This is a consortium of about 29 data collection sites around the world. They're looking at Solar Spectra and back-calculating concentrations of small molecules. All those data files come to Caltech for data creation and processing. And once they're ready, they get uploaded to Caltech Data for public access. And this is a migration we did a while back. These were previously going up to Oak Ridge National Lab. So the automation steps that we need are a monthly update. So every month we say, okay, what data can we release to the public? We pull in the metadata, generate the files, and upload that in Caltech Data. We also have to deal with a newer vision. So these are net CDF files. They're time-serious files. Generally they're just adding new data to the end of it. But if they have to go back and reprocess data, we then have to generate a completely new version. So we basically use the built-in versioning in InfiniRDM to say, okay, now we're gonna do a new version, put new files, and I'll show you what that looks like in a second. We finally have, sometimes we get new sites that are joined in the consortium, and that's just a completely general, completely new record with new metadata. So we have these three automation processes that we need to make sure would work. And they do, and they actually, we've gotten some improvements in InfiniRDM. So the first is that we actually now have a community landing page for T-Con. This is also available on their website because they like to format it the way they like. But it's nice that there's a native view of this in our repository. There's also now support for automatic versioning. So on the right, you can see an example of a record where there's been a new release. And so the versions are now listed in that right-hand panel. And there's also a warning at the top that says, hey, you're looking at an old version of this record. There's a new version, and that's really the one that you should look at. We were kind of doing this manual in the old version of Caltech data, so it's nice this is now completely automated. The final API integration is Micropublication Biology. So this is a really cool innovative journal that's published at Caltech. And they focus on single findings, so not full papers, just one single piece of information, kind of one, maybe one figure or one panel of a figure from a traditional publication. And these can be novel findings or they can be negative findings, so something that you thought was gonna work and didn't, or it can be a reproduction of something, a finding that somebody else had. And it often lacks kind of the overall narrative that you need for a traditional publication. So you can basically just say, here is this piece of data, I trust it, but I don't really know what it means in the context of a whole organism or something like that. These are peer reviewed and they've got a really nice peer review platform that they manage. The cool thing for me as a data person is all the data files are automatically uploaded to the appropriate pertinent repositories. So they look at, is it a nematode? Is it a xenophos? Is it a fly? And they put those data files in the right format and send to the appropriate domain repositories. So it's a really cool innovative publishing model. Where it comes in context of Caltech data is for supplemental files that don't map to one of those disciplinary repositories. So software or CSV files. Micro publication uses Caltech data for those files. And this is offered as part of our library publishing services. So we also offer things like DOI minting, help with indexing. And so this kind of supplemental data management is just part of our normal publishing services. And this is completely automated using the Caltech data API. Unlike the two previous examples that I talked about, the Micro Publication team implemented this independently. So basically I sent them the API documentation and they're like, okay, we got it, no problem. And a couple days later, they had records flowing into Caltech data. So this kind of indicates the general usefulness and success of these APIs because we can have independent teams just work off of the documentation and send in records. And so we were successfully able to complete our migration. So we moved all of our content by our contract deadline. We got everything over, everyone was happy. All the API integration that I talked about continued to work. And we got out of this by moving to NVIDIA RDM really significant improvements to the landing pages as well as the automatic versioning that I talked about. GitHub support is coming soon. So that we'll hopefully have in the next couple of months. And now I wanna talk about what's coming next for Caltech library and our repository systems. So I mentioned Caltech authors at the beginning. It is our large institutional repository. So it has over 100,000 works by Caltech authors. And these get a lot of use. So we have an organic chemistry textbook, which is the number two Google hit for organic chemistry PDF. It has over, it's had over a million downloads. Same with our textbook on chemical reaction engineering and a rate of change solution. So we get a lot of use of this content. And it shows the real value of hosting this content as an institution. At the same time, this content has been hosted in EPRINCE since 2004. So that's a long time for a repository system to survive. We've done upgrades and stuff, but I went to the Wayback machine to look at a 2004 version of a landing page in Caltech authors. And you can compare it to the current version of the landing page and it looks remarkably similar. It's the same little PDF logo, the same order of metadata. It hasn't changed all that much in 20 years. So the exciting thing that we're working on is migrating all of this content to NVIDIA RDM.  It's a lot of records. We have to customize all the, we have to capture all of the customized metadata that's been captured over the last 20 years. And we also have to fully redirect all the old URLs because we get a lot of traffic to the old URL paths. But it will hopefully allow us to build much more automation for record creation utilizing APIs. And that's something that we just can't easily do in EPRINCE. So where are we at? We're working through this. We're doing lots of customization. One example are resource types. So we've worked through all the resource types that come out of the box from NVIDIA RDM, all the resource types that are in EPRINCE. And we're also adding new ones. For example, I showed you how important textbooks are to Catholic authors. We actually now added a custom resource type for textbooks so we can separate those out from the rest of the books. And just as a teaser, this is where we're at. We're automatically transferring over records using the API. We're mapping a lot of the metadata. We're not complete yet, but we've got a good chunk of it in place. And as a result, we now get really nice landing pages that have a previewer, that have a citation that you can style. We have identifiers for, not in this record, but we'll have identifiers for people and affiliations. It's gonna be really exciting. So be on the lookout for this later this year. It's time to wrap up. So in conclusion, NVIDIA RDM is a powerful open source platform for institutional repositories. We successfully migrated Caltech data by focusing on standardized metadata. And customized resources can utilize API integrations. And that really allows research groups to display and use the data the way that they want to, but allowing the library to really be able to preserve and maintain the actual underlying data files. And we're in the process of migrating all of our library institutional repositories to NVIDIA RDM. So if you have any questions, feel free to email me. And it looks like we have about five minutes for questions from the audience. So please come up for the microphone and ask me whatever questions you have about our repository work. So this is totally not fair because I know the answer because I work with you, Tom, but if I were sitting out here in the audience and I didn't work with you, I would be wondering about the time and staffing levels and that sort of thing that's gone into this, because that's the kind of thing that I wonder about when other places are talking about the work that they're doing. So can you say a little bit about that for us? Sure. Well, as I said, we have a very small library and so we've been able to do this with not a ton of staffing. So I'm kind of the primary head on the Caltech data work. And then as I showed in the beginning, we've got a digital library group that helped out with components of it. And then we had a team from across the library, particularly with the Caltech authors migration, helping with all the metadata work and cleanup and stuff like that. So in my opinion, you can actually run your own in Viniardium Repository without a ton of specialized staffing. And there's some discussion earlier of you like $75 million budgets for research data services and we are running Caltech data on a very, very, very minimal fraction of that. And I think folks can chat with you more if they want more specific numbers. We've got a question over here. Matt Mernick. Oh, sorry about that. From the National Center for Amasberg Research. So thanks for the talk. Could you comment on the GitHub integration a bit more on the soft rock archiving part? Is it similar to the Zanotto GitHub plugin, I assume? Exactly, yeah. So what we had in the original version of Caltech data was exactly what Zanotto has. So it's a, basically you can log in with your GitHub credentials, you check what repos you want to preserve and then it'll automatically generate the DOI for you. What we're actually gonna launch in, hopefully a month or two, is a little bit different. So we're actually gonna be launching a GitHub action. So basically something that you can configure on a per repository basis. And then basically GitHub triggers the push into the repository. And that allows a little bit more control over metadata. We also have been able to pull in a really comprehensive code meta and citation.cff mapping. So basically if there's metadata in the repository or in the GitHub repository, we'll be, we are able to pull that out and map that into the NVINIRDM schema. So it should have a really, should be a really nice clean interface for doing software preservation. Thank you. Sorry, hey Josh from AWS here. I was just curious about the size of the infrastructure that you're running. That is an excellent question and one that I didn't get into too detail with. So storage is the big challenge for us. So all of our storage at the moment is on AWS S3. So in NVINIRDM you have the option of having local storage or S3 as the destination for the files. That obviously has costs. So the way that we've managed to date is we give researchers 500 gigs of free storage and then we do a charge back model if researchers want to share more files. We are looking at options for kind of local hosting for much larger files. We've done a pilot with the open storage network through some exceed access support for the larger files. But that's something that we're really actively working on figuring out how we'll manage the terabyte to petabyte scale data that is floating around campus. Got it, thanks for that. And then in terms of the compute. The compute, because we're a small repository, it's basically set up as a single AWS host. EC2 instance, you can deploy NVINIRDM a whole bunch of ways. There's a Kabunty's distribution that CERN uses and there's a couple of other ones that different sites use. But for us, because we're a smaller site, we don't have a whole ton of traffic or a whole ton of users. A single on the EC2 instance has worked well for us so far. Got it, that makes sense. It's just one more real quick one. How many users would you say you have on average accessing the system maybe per day? Oh, that's a good question. I don't have a complete number. So in terms of Caltech users, it's in the handful per day, because we're a small institution. Now from the data access and download, that's a much larger number. But I don't have a good number off hand. I have the numbers, but I just don't have them in the top of my head. Got it, awesome, thank you. Thanks so much. That is the end of our time for this session. But because this is the weird half hour session in the hour slot, I'm gonna hang out around here for a while. I also have in VineyardRDM hex stickers. So if anyone wants hex stickers within VineyardRDM, just come down and grab some. Thank you all so much for the opportunity.


Hello everyone and welcome to today's tutorial on the first important steps in Transcribous. Transcribous is a powerful tool for digitizing and transcribing your historical documents. And today we will cover everything from uploading your documents to using the power of AI for text recognition. First things first, let's get you started with Transcribous. Head over to transcribous.org and click on the try free button to sign up. Fill in the necessary details including your email and password, and voila, you now have your very own Transcribous account. The Transcribous platform has a clear structure that is easy to use and understand. In Transcribous you have workspaces to organize your work. There are three main ones, desk, models and sites. You can see them in the top right corner of your screen. These workspaces are like your digital office and they help you to manage your documents efficiently. The first workspace is the Transcribous desk. This is where the work is done. Here documents are uploaded, sorted into collections, and pages are transcribed and searched. Here you have access to the documents and of course the other workspaces. The models workspace is where the Transcribous magic takes place. This is where text and layout models are trained and managed. But more about that later. Then what's new is Transcribous sites. You can think of it as a content management system where you can publish your material simply and easily. Of course you can also personalize this website with colors or images. And in this way you can share your work and your transcribed documents with the public. Today we will focus on the desk workspace where you can upload and manage your documents and start an automatic text recognition. So first let's look at uploading and managing your historical documents. Understanding how the management structure works is quite crucial. So we have a hierarchy of first collections, then documents in the collections, and then the pages and images within these documents. This structure helps you to keep your work organized and accessible. Ready to start your first project? Then let's create a collection. Normally a collection is a project that acts as a container for your documents, making it simple to categorize and manage your data. Every user has a default collection when they sign up. To create a new collection, navigate to collections and click new collection. Then you can give it a name. After naming the collection, it can now be accessed from the work desk page under collections in the navigation bar on the left. Now you are ready to work with your private collection and can upload documents or images for the transcription process. Before actually working with your documents, they have to be imported to Transcribus. To do so, go to the collection you just have created. Since this new collection is still empty, you will immediately see the option to upload files. Select images or PDF, depending on the type of documents you have. Browse or drag and drop your files to import them. If you already have a document in your collection and you want to add another one, click upload files on the right. Again, a window will open where the images of your document can be imported. You can check the status of the upload in jobs. In the collections, you can upload as many different documents as you like. The uploaded documents can then be found when opening the collection. And when opening the document, you can see the pages of the document. If your document is a letter, it might contain just one page. If you are working with a book, it can show up to hundreds of images or pages. Now that we have figured out how to upload your documents to the Transcribus platform, let's take a closer look at how to manage them. In the platform, you have a few options on how you want to structure, view or organize your documents. In home, which is your central base, you can find your recently visited collections and documents. If you go to collections, you see your personal collections. You can switch the view from thumbnail to table view, depending on what your preference is. You can also edit the information of your collections by clicking on the three dots on the top right of the collections. And of course, here you can also add new collections. When you open the collections, you will see the documents inside. Here you can see the thumbnails of the documents, and this is also where you manage your documents. You can sort them by alphabetical order, or how new they are. You can also edit the metadata. So click on edit, and you can enter the writer, the genre, also authority and more. You don't have to add the metadata, but it can be quite useful to have that information on hand. You can also create shortcuts to other collections. Your document will remain in the main collection, but a shortcut of it will also appear in the collection to which you have linked it. This will allow you or other users of that collection to access the document from there. The documents can also be copied, moved and deleted. And if a document is deleted by mistake, don't worry. Deleted documents are not removed immediately, but are kept in the recycle bin for 14 days so that you can either restore them or delete them permanently. When you open the document, you can see the images of the pages. Here we can see them again in the thumbnail view, which you can of course change. You can also adjust the size of the thumbnails and make them bigger or smaller. We can see that the images are color coded, and that is the status of the pages. This shows you at what point the transcription process is. So gray refers to newly uploaded pages, orange is in progress, done means that the transcription is finished, and dark green means ground truth. The nice thing here is that you can filter the documents by status, so it shows for instance only pages where the transcription is still in progress, ground truth pages or new ones. Now I've just mentioned the term ground truth a few times. Let me quickly explain what that means. So ground truth means that the transcription of your pages is correct and that these pages can be used to train a model. We will talk more about training a model in one of the next videos, but in short, ground truth marks data to be ready for training. By clicking on a page, you can open the Transcribos editor. This editor is split into two parts. On the left you see the image with the layout editor, and on the right is the text editor. Here you can either transcribe the image yourself or edit the automatic transcription. So how do I get my automatic Transcribos transcription of my documents? Simply click on the text recognition button in the text editor and already the model page appears. You can then filter these models, for example by language or type of material. Select a model that most closely matches your material, same language or same time period, and then select the model by clicking on it. When you click on the model, you will also see further information about the model on the right, such as the size of the training data or the character error rate called CER. So the character error rate is one of the factors that determines the performance of the model. It's the percentage of incorrectly recognized characters and with a percentage of 8%, that means that 8 out of 100 characters were incorrectly recognized by the text recognition model. To start the automatic text recognition, click on Start Recognition. You can check the progress in the jobs queue. Recognizing the pages might take a bit of time, depending on the amount of pages that are automatically transcribed. Once the automatic transcription is finished, you can just open or reload the page and you should be able to see it. When opening the page, you can again see the image on the left side and now you can see the transcribed text on the right. Since the public model we used was not trained on the specific handwriting of these documents, a few mistakes can sneak in. You can easily edit and correct your transcribed text in the editor. In one of the next videos, we will take a closer look at the Transcribous Editor on how you can edit the layout of the image, change the size of the font or add tags. And that's it for now. These were the first important steps in the Transcribous Platform. Now you know how to upload documents, how to manage them, and how to start an automatic text transmission. If you have any more questions, head over to our Help Center for more tips and detailed information and subscribe to our channel for more helpful videos in the future. Thank you for watching. See you next time and happy transcribing.


What can you tell us about your time in the club? Yeah, I enjoyed it, obviously I was there from leaving school at 16 and left at I think 21-22, so five or six seasons there. I've learnt so much in my first two or three years as an apprentice under Ron Reed and things like that. Scott Sellers learnt everything really under that. The manager here now is obviously the assistant manager and it's just no one at the time and they brought me up. I was training with the first team quite early doors there I think when I was 17. I was training with the first team, made my debut in a cup game and then the season after was fortunate enough to have some breakthrough and play a few games in the Premier League as well and then if it wasn't for a bad shoulder injury I would have probably played more games as well so that was disappointing and then we had a change over in manager and obviously as what happens in football my face didn't really fit at that time they spent quite big and brought some experience plays in and kind of went that way and I went out and learned and then at that age I just wanted to go and play so I decided to obviously go on and move on but no, fantastic memories there so it is of course a great football club and like ourselves probably feel that they should be in a higher division but they've just struggled to maybe do that in the last four or five years. And you must be looking forward to coming up against one of your former clubs at the weekend? Yeah I am, really looking forward to it. It's always nice obviously when you come up against your former clubs there's not too many faces there I recognise now obviously from my time, it was a long time ago but I think there's a few staff members still there the kit man and things like that so it would be nice to see them but of course as I said I think the main thing is the test on the pitch and as I touched on there the informed team we would say at the moment so it's a great test for us but one that I know myself but certainly the lads were looking forward to it we couldn't have picked a better game I don't think. The weekend is a local derby and it probably doesn't compare with the old firm derby that you've played in but you still must be excited to play in a local derby. Yeah can't we? Obviously there will be a good following like they always do and we're always fantastic about home and away it will be a great atmosphere probably well certainly the best atmosphere at home this season so far we've not really played many teams I don't think they've brought big crowds and made it a good atmosphere so far so of course Chef United will do that and our fans as they always do will get behind us so now the atmosphere will be there which is good and I think that always adds to the game as well there will be two teams looking to win the game of course as well they have the incentive of getting in the top two I think if they beat us and of course our incentive is to stay in that top two and of course maybe turn around and just say like mini-dipping for me if you like we've had our last one obviously but now we're lucky to get three points on the board at the weekend.


Hi my name is Cameron and I'm from the United States. I moved to Mexico about a month ago and I got a job teaching English at an elementary school. I wanted to better qualify myself for the position since I've never actually taught before. So I was looking online for a course I could take and I came across ITTT and it was perfect for me because I didn't have to go to a class. I could do it online at my own pace. There were 20 units and it took me 23 days to complete them all. You can do one a day, none a day or you could do three a day. Sometimes I did three, sometimes I did one, sometimes I did none. So it was perfect for me. One of the things I love the most is the tutoring. If I ever had a question I would contact my tutor and she got back to me usually within a day and she was so nice and she explained everything perfectly and that's why I would really suggest that you take ITTT, ITTT too because it's just really great for any lifestyle I think. And here I am in Mexico and it's beautiful and I love it and I'm so excited so you should have an experience like that too.


Hello everybody hooded Cobra Commander 788 here and it's time for another donation unboxing video This is an unboxing video for everything that I received in the PO box in the month of December 2019 and we've got a few things here. We have a box and we have several envelopes So I want to remind everyone You can send things to me. You can donate things to the channel or send me letters that some people have and There's a PO box I have for that. It will appear on your screen right now I also want to remind everyone as I do every time that you do not have to send anything to me. I Appreciate just having you here watching the videos. Okay. I don't want anyone to feel obligated to send anything to me at all In fact, I want to be very careful about taking too much from you You guys have been very generous But I don't feel like you owe me anything if anything I owe you You are the reason this show exists without you I would literally be talking to myself, which would be weird But I just want everyone to understand I'm very clear that if you have any Reservations about donating something to the channel then please don't do it. I would rather have you Maintain your respect for the channel then for you to feel like you've donated something to the channel And it didn't go to a good place and it wasn't I didn't deserve to have that donation So if you in any way feel that way, please don't send anything Now it may seem a little bit weird that I have a P. O box and then I discourage people from sending anything to it But I just want to be clear. Um, I I appreciate everything that everyone has done for me and for this channel and the donations have been extremely generous but I I Want everyone to understand that you don't have to do that in order for me to Appreciate you. I just really am glad that you're here And I hope you'll stay with us and you'll I hope you will continue on this Collecting journey with me and with the rest of us and that that's really the important thing if you do want to send Something though, I'll do a video like this where I open it up and we can all say see What you send and I can say thank you for what you do So here's what we got and let's tear into this stuff and see what we got in December All right, I am going to start with This because I just got it today and this came in from Byron Kellogg Byron is a long time friend of the channel and a friend of me And I just I appreciate him a lot. He has Really been supportive in a lot of ways for a long time So thank you Byron for all of your support and and he sends something here So let's actually know what it is because he told me what it was going to be this is Let me zoom it in This is Tiger Force Frostbite Okay Now you may be thinking if you follow me on the Facebook and the Twitter that I already have Tiger Force Frostbite, but wait Tiger Force Frostbite has a variation he has Some of his figures the eyes and eyebrows are a different color and keen-eyed Byron spotted that I only had one of the variants of Frostbite and so he sent me the other one so now I have Frostbite with the variation on His eyebrows and his eyes very thoughtful very thoughtful Byron you know he He saw I need and he filled the need so thank you. That's really cool and again once Byron Thank you so much for your support So I will be including that when I eventually review the Tiger Force Tiger Cat and version 2 of Frostbite all right I am going next with this from Tim Bentley Tim Bentley has also been a friend of the channel for a while and Tim's a really nice guy So hello Tim, and I believe from peeking inside I By the way, I've already cut everything open here So it's easier for me to open it up on camera although I haven't looked inside to see what any of it is This is a card and it is a Christmas card Merry Christmas. May your joys be delightful your blessings be many May your merry may your Christmas this year be the nicest of any and he has a nice Merry Christmas message here from your friend Timothy Bentley Thank you very much Timothy. I'm sorry. I've got show show people the card And I'm sorry. I didn't get to this before Christmas, but it's not too long after Christmas But it's very thoughtful. Thank you very much and also thank you for just being a cool guy Tim also does cosplay. So, you know, he got to check out his cosplay. He does some cool GI Joe costumes So awesome. Thank you very much for this And and thanks for just all that you do. Okay. We have a letter from the UK And I absolutely do need to put on my glasses for this and This this looks familiar. I believe we have Gotten these letters before and I'm always happy to get them. How many pages we look at here So this is a longer letter and it's gonna take me a bit to read So I am going to pause the video just for a second So that I can read this usually on these longer letters. I do that. I Didn't always do that. I used to just start reading But then I discovered that sometimes there was content in the letter that the writer didn't necessarily want me to read out loud so so now I will read the letter and I will Get back with you after I'm done reading it Okay, I've gone through this letter from Gary Watson. Thank you, Gary I knew who it was. He had sent letters like this before so it's really cool to get actual letters in the mail with a stamp from the UK. So Thank you, Gary and he he gives some information about action force which is You know, I'm a big fan of action force I did a review of action force with cyber tiger another good friend from the UK That video was a lot of fun. I love working with cyber tiger and the cyber tiger had actually sent me some of the comic books that that you're referring to here, Gary So I have actually had a chance to read some of them that some of the others I talks about battle action force and there's some differences between the US version of certain characters versus how they were portrayed in action force and Some scans of battle action force you can find on blood for the baron calm. Hey, there's a website for you I don't mention that enough blood for the baron calm is an excellent resource if you want to find out about action force and for those who don't know action force was the UK version of GI Joe Until it eventually just Was called GI Joe before that It was called action force and it has its own unique and very rich history And I'm very interested in that history and So where is it in this letter? Gary talks about Some of the Well, here he's talking about Leatherneck and how Leatherneck was was different Changed from American to German Leatherneck German and action force and Some of the other birth places were changed as well, but he also talks about the Different names for certain vehicles like the whale was simply called the hovercraft and the shark was renamed Flying submarine. Yeah, and I've seen some of the you the action force versions of those American vehicles and they are a lot of them are amazing and They're really fascinating variations on some familiar vehicles that we got in the States And as as you know, I've limited my collection to US released GI Joe toys But often when I see some of these action force variations I think that man, I really would like to get them but but but You know, I'm keeping within the scope of my collection, right? This is This is how, you know, I keep some some self-discipline and self-control because if I start Buying You know foreign released international released vehicles and figures Where does it stop? Because there's so many there's so much cool stuff There's so much cool stuff that I could fill my house from floor to ceiling in every room With just the most amazing stuff And I I think I would be kicked out of my house if I did that But I there's no denying that it's it's really cool to look at and I'm Always enjoy learning about it And on the occasions that I've actually been able to see the stuff in person Man, I just it makes me want it so bad so bad But UK fans you have some really awesome stuff in action force and and Gary has Laid out a lot of that here including just some Some peculiarities and some different nationalities for different characters here So like airborne version one, I guess it was from Naples and blowtorch from to lose France Breaker from Munich, West Germany. So yeah Their action force it had a lot of the same guys right that we remember, but it was a truly international team So their back stories and their backgrounds were all different And I don't think that's necessarily a bad thing now. I love my GI Joe, right? I love my American version of GI Joe and I wouldn't replace it with anything, but but I am Interested in just how different Different countries Made little changes here and there that That made them more interesting to children in that culture And that is I think a really fascinating a fascinating Aspect of GI Joe that a lot of American fans don't necessarily Look into so anyway, I love the letter. Thank you, Gary And thank you for the other letters that you sent now Gary's letter along with Tim's card will go in My fan mail folder that was made by a fan even though I don't call you guys fans, right? I don't consider you guys to be fans of me. I think you're probably fans of GI Joe And what I try to do is to I you know, I don't consider myself Better than anyone just because I I'm on this side of the camera. There are a lot of you guys out there that are that are more knowledgeable more experienced at collecting than I am and You know, I just really enjoy, you know learning from people who have been doing this longer So I tend to refer to you if you're viewing the video. I refer to you as a viewer rather than a fan Except of course a fan of GI Joe, so I'm also a fan. I'm basically I'm I'm I'm just you I just happen to be on this side of the camera. So thanks, but even so thanks for the fan mail I appreciate that. So I am keeping everything that you guys sent to me I've got another really full envelope of just really nice letters and stuff that you guys have sent to me I'm not throwing any of that away. I'm keeping every single one of it. I'm gonna keep it forever So now let's move on. We got one more envelope to do and then we have a box So let's see what's next Jason Karris sends an envelope. I have cut it open already I don't see a letter in there, but I see something wrapped in bubble wrap and let's see if I can peel the tape off or if I'm gonna have to cut it. Let's see. Oh, I can peel it Okay, I can peel it so I don't have to cut the tape and Let's see. That's oh, oh wait, wait. I know what this is. Hey, that's cool Hold on Yeah, I don't know if you can see this I'll take I'll take it out if this is these are the accessories for Yes, slaughter's marauders footloose slaughter's marauders footloose, so check this out Footloose backpack in black Footloose Helmet in in black. Well, you can't see that very well, but to take my word for it it's footloose's helmet in black and of course it has his his m16 and his His anti-tank weapon and Of course, these were black originally, but still the point is is that I didn't have these so this is another thing that I can check off the list and You know everything like this that helps me complete something in the vintage line It just gets me that much closer to being ready to review it and that's a thrill for me So thank you Jason. Thank you for this. This is a big help and finally the box This is from Brandon Knight Brandon has sent a lot of stuff And so and Brandon has been a friend of the channel for quite some time and has supported the channel Very strongly for a long time, so thank you Brandon I always thank Brandon because Brandon deserves all the things But he sends another box and you know again Brandon if you You know you don't have to send stuff to me But the fact that you do I just want you to know that that it means a lot to me So thank you Brandon So I'm gonna open this up. I have cut the tape. So let's see what it is We have we got another flap here. There we go Got it. We have some bubble wrap always good to Carefully pack things so it doesn't get damaged in shipping We have a letter for which I will Need my glasses. This is not a long letter. So I think I can Read this aloud. It says dear HCC 78 happy new year. Happy new year to you, too Let's start the new year with new adventures I hope we can keep growing our community and making new friends along the way That is what it's about Thanks for all your help and making your show a fun place where all are welcome To help you once more I put together this package Some items to help for future reviews thought these could help add color and flair to the shows and reviews Hope you enjoy these items and help out. I Know I don't have to do this. I just said that but you help me in many ways It's nice to do things for friends and show how important their friendship is Thank you, Brandon. That's that's very nice. Thank you. I hope to see you and our community at Joe Fest 2020 yes, Joe Fest in Augusta, Georgia At the end of June this year I will be as we get closer to that I will be promoting that more because I will be there and I hope to meet you there Keep up the good work and never give up never surrender If you ever want help for future reviews or your website hit me up. I always like to help Well until next time remember GI Joe is GI Joe and 90 90 degrees angle. Yes Let's not forget the art. Let's not forget the articulation So thank you, Brandon for that and now that I've moved the letter out of the way I can see what's in the box. I guess I'll show you what's in the box So check this out. I See it and I automatically think this is amazing. All right this is It's a t-shirt and it's it's the Baron iron blood red shadows the the skull I I have to open it. Hold on this. We were just talking about action force, right? We were just talking about action force. Well This Susan will dig this. All right because Susan kind of likes this too Check that out. Check that out. Oh, that's so cool and I can wear this in a review I need more like I usually wear a t-shirt for reviews. I need more of these I need more T-shirts that I can like wear on the screen that is awesome and there are more I'm going to set this here because I have more to dig out. Look at this Look at this that upside down. It's the dreadlocks Look at that. It's the oh my gosh. Hold on. Here's another one. Here's another one. This is like the classic The classic GI Joe. How many are there in here? There's another one There's an hold on. Oh my they're two more What's this one? What's this one? Hold on. I'm getting it. I'm getting it. Oh, what's this? Oh, look at that? It's got like vehicles Like all the vehicle arch from the 80s Yeah, APC ram motorcycle a stinger. Oh, there's Cobra. There's Cobra commander right there That's fantastic. And there's oh, there's one more and there's one more and it looks like this is the classic The classic The classic real American hero GI Joe Logo that is awesome. That actually does help out really good. You know what? I'm gonna pause the video right now Because I need to change shirts and that's everything Thank you to everyone who who sent stuff this month as I always say You don't have to send anything to me if we don't get anything for the month of January then I just won't do a Review like this or a video like this for February and that's absolutely fine But if I do get anything from you guys, I'll do something like this I'll open it up and I'll show everyone what we got but of course Never feel like you have to send anything. I am really happy just having you here If you did want to send something the PO box again will be on the screen and We're gonna have a really good year in 2020 How already have some plans that I really hope you're going to enjoy and we're gonna be working really hard to Bring you some stuff that's fun to watch. I really hope you will enjoy what we've got coming up so Thank you everyone. Thank you everyone and We'll see you soon the first review of 2020 should go up on the second Sunday of the month, so I hope you like it and until then of course remember that Only GI Joe is GI Joe and blood for the Baron


My name is Duncan McIntosh, I'm the Development Director for the International Race Institute. We're particularly honoured this morning to have, honored by their presence this morning, His Excellency Mr. Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Nguyen Welcome to all of these distinguished guests, participants to the long-race conference of the International Race Research Institute, and the Director General of the International Race Research Institute, Dr. Robert Ziegler. As well as many other distinguished guests, including ministers, ambassadors and representatives from more than 60 countries and international organisations. Welcome to all of these distinguished guests, participants to the long-race conferences and exhibitions of the next few days. Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. It is now my very great honour and pleasure to invite the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Socialists of the Republic of Vietnam, and the Honourable Chairman of the steering committee of the International Race Congress 2010, to give the welcome address before the conference. Please join me in welcoming him to the podium. Honourable ambassadors and national representatives, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, it is my great honour today to welcome delegates from more than 40 countries in the third International Race Congress in Hanoi. This event has become a tradition. Scientists, researchers, producers and private sector representatives of the rice industry from old age months identify the bone strength and look for solutions to further increase rice production to regional and global, and the reduction of poverty to of the biggest challenges in Vietnam. Throughout the 4,000-year history of the Vietnamese people, agriculture has virtually meant rice production. It is not merely an economic activity affecting the lives of over 70% of our population. It is also our tradition and culture, a vital role in our role in food security policies. An important role for rice for many decades has always blessed the highest priority on rice production. Vietnam has changed from a country suffering food shortages, years after years to by the 1980s, the second-largest rice exporter in the world. In improving rice production in Vietnam, it has been shared with many countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. These contributions have been recognized by international organizations like the FAO. Despite this important achievement in rice production, Vietnam is still facing the challenge of food security in the context of a fast-growing population and declining area for agricultural production and climate change. Vietnam now boasts an additional trend. Under this condition, maintaining and enhancing rice production requires scientific and technological breakthroughs. We need new varieties with high growing food quality and short maturity duration, as well as advanced production processes that are in good efficient and cost-effective. Ladies and gentlemen, while we are here, the International Rice Congress 925 million people are still suffering from hunger and poverty worldwide. Many of them are from countries where rice is a staple food. This Congress will be an excellent forum for the scientists, policymakers and business people to share their experiences and discuss relevant issues regarding rice production and to look for the best solutions to achieve food security and poverty alleviation. The outcome of the Congress will be a practical and important contribution to the United Against Hunger movement, which was initiated by FAO on World Food Day this year. By 2050, it is our responsibility to increase global food production by 70 percent and to double the food production in developing countries. This is an extension for to feed the world's fast-growing population. It is for that reason this Congress has adopted the theme of rice for future generations. It is our hope that with the greatest advances in agricultural science and technology and with the great efforts of the world community, especially the developing countries, we will be able to achieve our goals. On this occasion of this Congress and on behalf of the Vietnam, Ms. Farmers, we would like to congratulate the International Rice Disher in SISU on its 50th anniversary. The abbreviation IRI has become very familiar to the Vietnamese. Though many of them are not fully aware of what it stands for, the word IRI has been localized as a generic name for rice for rice is introduced by the International Rice Research Institute. In order to recognize IRI's contribution to the rice production in Vietnam, the President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has awarded the friendship order to the Institute. Once again, we would like to congratulate IRI and to wish that IRI continues to grow, making more contributions to global food security and stated as the anti-mig zone pursued by IRI never an empty bowl. On behalf of the organizers, I would like to wish on of you good health. I wish our Congress great success, enjoy your stay in Vietnam. Thank you very much for your kind attention.


What if my mind was made of nothing? What if consciousness was felt to be pure, empty space? What would change if I started to identify as this space instead of my labels? I would enter into a new dimension of dojo testing what it means to be love learning how to stay balanced as this empty space and relativity learning the deepest truths of quantum mechanics inside myself Directly experiencing how the entire battleground of reality is mind Existence is dependent on how I see the moment I switch my identity to the pupil inside everyone's eyes The more distributed and free I am The more reality is a fun house Reflecting my state of being Everyone I encounter is myself training me in martial arts Fearlessly knowing that by contracting into the deepest sensations of pain. I am Alchemizing new reaches up towards the heavens. I Never avoid my fears because my identity is space In fact, I ritually enter the worst things imaginable as they paradoxically increase the vastness In this absence, I am whole I Seek nothing as I am nothing I Am lovingly everything I have surrendered and disappeared into truth Will you join me or once again avoid the void


Ond ychydigad amlaedd dros gyfroeddau iawn, a ti'n gallu cael rhywbeth ddeunoched ac pa ffo'rrefleccion gweld y dyfodol yw Dr Kathleen Forbes, ysgolff Nadu Cymru, ysgolff Nadu Cymru, yrwynd i ymdd rhaglenioli Sir Sir Stirling Baptist Church. Gwylio, bullwch yn Gwylliant Cymru, a fyddwch yn ei gynnwys i'r llawer mewn fobl ar y the Family Life Centre in Stirling, a much-needed community resource. Over those years, I founded a play therapy service, a school counselling service, an adult listening service, a family counselling service, a community bereavement course, a third sector families and children forum and a hub of other therapeutic support. The impact of that for me was twofold. One, I had enormous pleasure doing this work in the name of our church, Stirling Baptist Church. It was for me a practical demonstration of the restoring, redemptive love of our God for all that he has created. The other great impact was personal. Of the thousands of people who came through our doors, I had the privilege of being with children, young people, adults, couples, families, as they used the space that we offered to pause, to step back and to reflect on their inner worlds. In those times, they reflected, they talked, they often felt their pain more acutely, they grieved, they forgave, they found solutions and away forward. Their stories were heard and they were held. I have a new role training training teachers in Scotland about mental health issues in the classroom. I have immediately been reminded by one of the second year students of the power of our life experiences. He commented after our seminar group, we are all different and we all have our stories.  In our aspirations to make Scotland the best place to grow up, we need also to meet Scotland, the best place to be parented, to be taught and to be healed. We need then to be able to offer God's unbreakable, unquenchable hope into sometimes the darkest of places so that their stories can change. We can choose to trust all those stories and our hope of making a difference into the hands of our trustworthy Heavenly Father, resting in the knowledge that Jesus, with clear-sighted compassion into our hearts, sees the toil, the sorrow and the weight of these upon us. He offers us in these moments of reflection once again the chance for our burdens to be lifted and rest and hope to be found in the enduring truth that our eternal God is our refuge and underneath our His everlasting arms. Thank you.