As-salamu alaikum brothers and sisters. Sending the reward of Umrah to your departed loved ones or those unable to undertake the journey themselves is a profound expression of love and devotion. At Pure Passage we specialize in performing Umrah on behalf of your sick or deceased family members, ensuring they receive the sacred gift. We understand the challenges and impossibilities some face in embarking on this spiritual journey. The message is here to alleviate the physical and financial burdens, offering a professional and reliable service that takes care of every detail. Let us help you fulfill this obligation for your loved ones with utmost care and attention. Make it happen today, contact Pure Passage and secure this immense reward by performing Umrah on behalf of those close to your heart. Be Ethnillah. All right guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new months, but we guys super fascinating video today, we're going to react to the lost years of Jesus Christ. This video has been uploaded to the channel historical ish and we'll talk about the undocumented life of Christ. So for people that don't know within Christianity, according to the Bible, we find out a little bit about Jesus when he's a child, however, then we have a lack of documentation up until he's roughly 30 years old. And the time period that is discussed within the Gospels is roughly three years. So from 30 to 33. Therefore the missing decades of Jesus life have always been a great mystery, not only discussed within Christianity, but Islam and even the New Age movement as well. I dabbled within the New Age in the past when I was in my 20s and many people assumed that Jesus went to India and became a Kundalini yoga master. This is where he got his spiritual wisdom from before he returned to his homeland. Guys, before we start the video, as always, leave me a thumbs up if you enjoy the content, subscribe to the channel if you haven't already, check out the links in the description box and share the videos if you find them valuable because YouTube is shadow banning me and they're suppressing the spread, the organic spread of the videos. All right. No further ado. Let's have a look. He's a Christ. He is one of, if not the most influential people to walk on the face of the planet. With over two billion followers of the Christian faith, Jesus made impacts 2,000 years ago that are still so great and worse than this. There's a good 18 year gap of his life that is unaccounted for. Nobody knows where he was or what he was doing. This little section of time between the ages of 12 and 30 or roughly the years 8 to 27 AD has absolutely no concrete biblical or historical evidence to suggest what he was doing. And this is the topic of today's video. Those scholars speculate that he may have traveled to India where he could have encountered Eastern religious traditions with spiritual masters. Because if you look into the teachings of Jesus Christ, even Orthodox scholars will agree that it is reminiscent of Taoism. Of course, they won't say that it is reminiscent of Taoism. However, they will say that Taoism itself speaks about the coming of Christ. Nevertheless, Orthodox Christianity, the teachings of Jesus are very similar to Eastern mysticism. Now, according to the Bible, Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the Roman province of Judea, sometime between 6 and 4 BC. Mary and Joseph were there for a census, but when they couldn't find a place to stay, they ended up taking shelter in a stable, and that's where Jesus was born, under the famous bright star in the night sky. This event is celebrated by Christians worldwide as Christmas, and obviously it's considered one of the most significant moments in human history. The reason why Jesus' birth is believed to have occurred between 6 and 4 BC is due to the historical accounts of Herod the Great, the Roman appointed king of Judea. According to the Bible, Herod was alerted to the birth of Jesus by the Magi who came from the east to worship him. Fearing that Jesus would eventually grow up and be a threat to his rule, Herod ordered the massacre of all male infants in Bethlehem and the surrounding areas in an attempt to eliminate him. That's a great depiction, right? However, Joseph was born in a dream, and he and Mary were able to escape with baby Jesus and seek refuge in Egypt until it was safe for them to return home to Nazareth. Yes, and this leads to another theory as well that Jesus actually learned in Egypt. He learned the Egyptian mysteries he learned within the mystery schools. Some even say that he participated in the hallucinogenic mystery schools of the time. All of those theories imply, however, that Jesus Christ was not sent as a prophet with a message, but rather was learning about mysticism within this world, learning about it in Egypt, in India, etc. And building up his spiritual foundation and receiving wisdom through mysticism and not through revelation that has been sent down to him. There are no historical records or accounts of his life between 8 and 27 AD. However, it is widely believed that during this time he grew up in Nazareth, which is just a small town located in Galilee. While the Gospels provide limited details about this period of his life, it is presumed that he was raised in a family that followed Jewish customs and practices, and he received an education in Jewish scriptures. What we know is that Jesus grew up in the temple. He was very accustomed with the Torah. He was studying it from an early age. He was preaching in the temple already. He was embedded deeply into Jewish tradition. This is something that even Christians will agree with. The likely that he learned his trade is a carpenter from his father, Joseph. Now just a reminder, there is also zero concrete evidence to suggest any of that. During the time of Jesus, the region of Judea was under Roman occupation, with the Roman Empire exerting its authority over the Jewish people. This era was marked by political turmoil and religious tensions, as different Jewish factions competed for power and sought to free themselves from Roman rule. In this context, Jesus emerged as a prominent religious leader and preacher, amassing a significant following while also creating controversy among the ruling authorities. The last three and a half years of Jesus' life are by far the most documented. Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River around 27 AD, and this marked the beginning of his public ministry. After his baptism, Jesus traveled to Rock Island. It's very important to notice as well that John the Baptist during that time was somewhat of a celebrity. He was very well known. He was seen as a mystery healer. He was a prominent figure in the spiritual world of that time. Therefore, Jesus getting baptized by him elevated Jesus status as well overnight. Of the kingdom of God and performing miracles such as healing the sick and feeding the hungry, he attracted large crowds and his teachings and actions were seen as radical and controversial by the Jewish religious leaders of his debt. Jesus's message of love and compassion and his focus on the poor marginalized was seen as a threat to the established religious and political order. He then goes to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover, and he eventually becomes increasingly popular with the crowds. Yes, and this is extremely important. Of course, Jesus celebrated Passover. The Orthodox celebrate now a variation of it. They call it Pasha. The point of the story is that Jesus Christ partook in Jewish tradition. Therefore, he by default was definitely not a Christian the way that we understand it nowadays. And moreover, he was not a new age either. Somebody that had no religion and was just spreading love and unity. No, he was deeply embedded in Jewish tradition. Just leaders begin to see him as a threat to their authority and plot to have him arrested. Jesus's popularity with the crowds in Jerusalem made the religious leaders even more determined to get rid of him. They accused him of blasphemy and sedition and plotted to have him arrested and tried before the Roman authorities. Judas, one of Jesus's disciples, agreed to betray him to the authorities. He is arrested and brought before the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, who orders his crucifixion. Now, Pilate was initially reluctant to condemn Jesus to death, but under pressure from the Jewish leaders and the crowds, he eventually agreed to have him crucified. Jesus was taken to a hill outside of Jerusalem. Allegedly, so there is conflicting evidence on this as well. And it is very unlikely that a Roman leader would fall under pressure by Jewish peasants, ultimately telling him what to do. This is very unlikely. And this is why some people believe that it is a fabrication. After all, a dramatization within the Gospels. Just imagine, he's the Roman ruler at the time. How can he be coerced? How can he be pressured into doing something that he does not want to do? By the criminals, after his crucifixion, Jesus's body was taken down from the cross and placed in a tomb and a large stone was rolled in front of it. Now, everyone knows what happens after this, as it's practically the basis for the entire Christian faith, but not the main topic for today's video. OK, why was this damn humor? You're so more of the more traditional theories. Blame Christian tradition suggests that Jesus simply lived in Galilee during this period. But modern scholarship does acknowledge that there is little historical information to determine what happened during those years. However, the ages of 12 and 29, which marked the beginning and end of this unknown period, do hold some significance in Judaism during the Second Temple period. Both ages are the year before significant religious milestones in a man's life. Before the video proceeds, I just want to mention that you have theories about numerology as well, of course. Some people believe that Jesus Christ wasn't even a real person and they attribute a significant power to the number 33. 33 has been used in the circles of Freemasonry as well, of course. And therefore the exclusion of certain numbers or the addition of certain numbers has significant spiritual meaning. If you subscribe to numerology, that is. And therefore those people, they don't even believe that there is a historical significance in Jesus Christ, wandering off the lands and learning spiritual deeds or whatnot. Know it is just about numbers and we should focus on the numbers alone. It was significant because it marked the onset of religious maturity. It's definitely interesting to see that there are so many areas involved in this matter. It was one of the commandments. At this age, boys would become responsible for following Jewish law and would be allowed to participate in public worship. It's possible that during this period, Jesus was studying Jewish law and tradition in preparation for his future ministry. Sure. The age of 30 was significant because it marked the age at which a Jewish man could enter into the priesthood. This was a highly respected position in Jewish society. And it's possible that Jesus may have considered this path before embarking on his public ministry. OK, now that we have more of the traditional theories out of the way, let's dive into some of the more wacky ones. Jesus and Britain. One of the theories that has captured the imagination of many people for centuries is that Jesus during his lost years traveled to Britain with his uncle, Joseph of Arimatia to study with the Druids. That's one sentence I never thought I'd say. But this theory did gain popularity in English literature, including the Arthurian cycle, and has been touched on by famous poets such as William Wray, who wrote a poem about this event. And did those feet in ancient time walk upon England's mountain screen and was the Holy Lamb of God on England's pleasant pastor scene. According to the theory, Joseph of Arimatia was a wealthy merchant and a member of the Sanhedrin who had connections with the Druids in Britain. He brought Jesus with him on one of his trips, where Jesus learned from the Druids and possibly even taught them. This theory is supported by the existence of several legends and folklore in Britain that mentioned Jesus's presence there. It is said that Jesus visited a number of different locations throughout the British Isles, including Stonehenge. While visiting Glassenberry, Jesus built the first church in the world. He saw the monster of Loch Nessus. Of course, was then verified in the sixth century AD by a local bishop, because, of course, he could do that. Jesus is also said to have planted his staff into the dirt and out sprung a tree known as the Glassenberry Thorn Tree, which still survives to this day and blooms annually around Christmas and Easter. After Jesus's death, Joseph of Arimatia is said to have returned to Glassenberry as he was the keeper of the Holy Grail, which obviously was the cup that Christ drank out of during the last supper. So according to the Arthurian cycle, Jesus appeared to Joseph in an apparition and gave the Holy Grail to Joseph to then take to his first followers in Britain. Ah, classic, always the British making everything about them. Jesus in India. Yeah, that's the interesting one. Jesus may have traveled to India and studied Buddhism and Hinduism is one of my favorite theories. It's definitely a controversial one. And just like the more traditional ones still has no concrete evidence to support it. It's the only theory that makes somewhat sense, if you will, because the teachings of Jesus Christ, as I said, are very reminiscent of Eastern mysticism. Druidism, on the other hand, not so much Jesus himself. But if you look into the Orthodox Church, the outfits and the customs, they do remind us of Druids, if you look at them, especially the robes. However, if we look into the Christian customs, the Christian traditions, we don't really find Hinduism or Buddhism per se. We find parables of Jesus Christ and therefore the sayings of Jesus Christ. They can be reminiscent, as I said, of those Eastern mysticisms, but we do not find any practices such as yoga or Tantra within Christianity. Quite the opposite, Christians, especially Orthodox Christians, are extremely opposed to yoga, to meditation, et cetera. In 1887, a Russian war correspondent named Nicholas Notovich claimed that he had discovered a document called The Life of St. Issa, Best of the Sons of Men, at the Hindustan Hotel in Ladakh. This document allegedly described the life of Jesus between the ages of 13 and 29, during which time he traveled in India and studied under Buddhist and Hindu teachers. Notovich's account was published in French in 1894 as The Unknown Life of Jesus Christ. However, Notovich's account was perceived immediately as controversial with some scholars claiming that he had fabricated the evidence. But look at this, how fascinating is this? You have this man and he is potentially a Christian, definitely not a Muslim. And he traveled through India and finds a lost document. Again, they say now it is a forgery. Somebody made it up. OK, fine. But why would he then rename Jesus Christos into Issa? This is Quranic language, this Islamic language in Islam. Jesus, may peace be upon him, is called Issa, prophet Issa. And this is exactly what this man found. It really makes you think. President of the Vedanta Society of New York between 1897 and 1921 also claimed to find a manuscript translated by Notovich at the Hamas Monastery in Tibet. This account has also been disputed and, of course, the manuscript has not been found again. In 1908, Levi H. Dowling published The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus Christ, which claimed to be the true story of Jesus's life, including the lost 18 years not covered in the New Testament. Now, Dowling claimed that this story was channeled to him from the Akashic records. Now, I don't know if you know anything about the Akashic records, but apparently it's a dreamlike location where you can access any knowledge that you desire. So take that with how you will. The narrative follows Jesus. It's a theory that there is a collective consciousness of sorts, a collective consciousness aside from time and space. We know time is relative and therefore it is essentially like an illusion is said. Time and space do not really exist. And therefore everything that will happen already has happened. So if you penetrate into that collective consciousness, you should have access to the past and to the future. You would be able to download knowledge from that collective consciousness. This is something that mystics have done over the millennia. They enter those altered states of consciousness and this is where they can download the wisdom of the universe, so to speak. Then in 1925, Nicholas Rorick recorded his travels through Ladakh in India and recounted the legends of Issa shared with him by the Ladakh people in Damascus. Now, Issa was a term and name given to them for this person who came and visited him during this time period. We would later find out that Issa and Jesus essentially mean the same thing. Rorick also visited the Abbot of Hamas and noted remarkable similarities between the stories of the Ladakhs and Notovich's book. Despite the Ladakhs having no knowledge of this book. Of course, it could be due to the Islamic influence on India. We do know there was an Islamic empire in India. But still, the question would be why would then the Muslims within India spread information about Issa, Jesus being in India and learning from the Indians, learning from the Hindus. Now, we totally counterintuitive, totally counterproductive for Muslims to fabricate such stories. India has continued to intrigue researchers and religious scholars with some pointing to similarities between certain teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism and those of Christianity. Yes, absolutely. It's also suggested that the Asin sect to which Jesus may have belonged had contacts with the East and that some of its members may have traveled to India and brought back teachings and influenced Jesus' own teachings. So even if Jesus didn't travel to India, if he was a part of the Asin sect which was influenced by the East, then it is possible that Hinduism and Buddhism could have had an impact on the Christian religion. Yes, if you take that position, clearly, Hinduism, Buddhism would have an influence onto Christianity. And this is again where you have to distinguish new age, spiritual but not religious people will say that there is no such thing as revelation sent down to us directly from God, but rather we through preparation, through yoga, through meditation, etc. We get into those altered states and then we download that information from the universe from God. And therefore, if you believe that Jesus Christ was learning in the external world, in this physical world, he was going to India and whatnot. And this is where he learned about Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. And implemented that knowledge. Sure. However, if you take the other stance and you say, no, it was direct revelation from God, then you have to imply as well that direct revelation from God has been sent down to people over the ages and therefore there will be a natural similarity either way. Just because it has been found within Buddhism, for example, a compassionate teaching about loving your fellow men. And then you find the same teaching within Christianity. It would not mean that Christianity copied it from Buddhism, but that it was revelation and that revelation will be, of course, then identical that he traveled along the Silk Road, which is obviously the network of trade routes that connected China, India, Persia and Europe. This would have been a challenging journey, but not impossible, as there is evidence of travelers making it from Europe to China and back during ancient times. Yes. And just as a quick side note of Jesus being influenced, some scholars also suggest that Jesus may have been influenced by the teachings of various ancient cultures and religions that existed in the Middle East at the time. These include Zoroastrianism, which had significant influence on Judaism and may have influenced his own teachings, as well as the various religions that were popular in the Middle East at the time. There's always just inspiration from a previous religion that never ends. Some people think Jesus went even farther east. Some people think that Jesus went all the way to Japan. That will be quite impressive. Some people in Japan that Jesus visited during his lost years and then later returned to live out the rest of his years after surviving the crucifixion. So there's a lot to unpack here, but let's start at the beginning. Let's go. At the beginning of the last years, he is said to have traveled to Japan and landed at the West Coast. He then became a disciple of a great master around Mount Fuji, where he learned the Japanese language, eastern culture and Buddhism, which would all then unfold and impact his teachings in the New Testament. At age 33, it is claimed that he returned to Judea to share his wisdom and start his mission. Now, before we get into the rest of the story, I need to explain something known as the Swoon Hypothesis and the Substitution Hypothesis, both of which could have been possibilities that would have allowed Jesus to survive his crucifixion. Also, a fascinating conspiracy theory. Very interesting. The Swoon Hypothesis states that Jesus may have survived the crucifixion even though he was later reported to have died. Proponents of this hypothesis argue that Jesus could have been in a state of unconsciousness or suspended animation rather than being truly deceased. They argue that Jesus could have been revived in the tomb where he was buried and later emerged to appear to his followers as if he had been resurrected from the dead. One of the key arguments in favor of the Swoon Hypothesis is that he did. Because if you look into the procedure of a true crucifixion, they even make sure at the end that you are dead by taking that spear and ramming it into your organs, so the chances of surviving a crucifixion are pretty much zero. Crucifixion and the fact that he was reported to have died so quickly after being crucified are not consistent with what is known to be the typical process of crucifixion. Crucifixion was intended to be a slow, painful and humiliating form of execution, and it is unlikely that a healthy adult would die so quickly after being crucified. Furthermore, there is some skepticism about whether Jesus was actually nailed to the cross. As the Gospels do not explicitly mention this, and it is assumed based on the reporting wounds of Jesus' hand. Yes, and the thing is as well that the crucifixion was not visible to all the peasants of the Roman Empire. So it was not as if everybody was there. His followers, his direct followers were not even attending the crucifixion as far as we know. And this is why, as the Quran says, the people that say he was crucified follow nothing but assumptions. Because we truly do not know about this, I think I would die pretty quickly. Another argument in support of the Swoon Hypothesis is the lack of eyewitness accounts of Jesus' dead body after he was buried. The Gospels do not report any elaborate funeral arrangements or public viewings of Jesus' body, which is unusual given the significance of his death and the fact that he was a public figure. This rapid transfer of the body to a follower suggests to some that Jesus may have still been alive and could have been revived in the privacy of the tomb. One of the main criticisms of the Swoon Hypothesis is that it is medically impossible for somebody to survive the crucifixion. Dr. Alexander Methrel, a diagnostician, asserts that Jesus' surviving crucifixion is impossible and a fanciful theory without any possible basis, in fact.  Medical experts have also analyzed the account given in the New Testament, and have concluded that Jesus was definitively dead when removed from the cross. I mean, this sounds very fancy. Medical experts have conducted a theory, yeah, but it's based upon the story that you find within the New Testament.  It doesn't mean anything because nobody of those medical experts can actually travel back in time and examine what really happened if he truly was crucified or not, and if he then was dead or not. Now, the substitution or Twain Hypothesis is a little bit different. It proposes that the post-crucifixion appearances of Jesus were not due to his physical resurrection, but rather to the existence of another person who looked like him, such as a twin or a lookalike, who either impersonated Jesus after his death or died in his place on the cross. This theory has been supported by some Gnostics during the first to third centuries, but is also held by some modern religious groups, including Mandaans and a very small amount of Muslims. The idea that a twin or lookalike could have taken the post-crucifixion of Jesus after his death on the cross. Correct me if I'm wrong, guys, but the way that I understood it is that it is mainstream understanding within Islam or mainstream assumption within Islam that Jesus Christ was replaced. Who believed in a separation between the physical and spiritual world. They argued that since Jesus was a spiritual being, he cannot have been crucified in the physical world and that someone else must have taken his place. This theory is also compatible with the Gnostic belief that the physical body was a temporary vessel that was not essential to salvation. In Mandaans, the substitution or twin hypothesis has been adopted by some Mandaans. That actually makes sense. And Mandaans believe that- I'm not a Gnostic, but I would have to agree partially with that statement, of course, that the body of Christ, the physical body of Christ, couldn't have been the reason for salvation. First and foremost, I would believe that the crucifixion itself is giving us salvation. I don't believe that. However, in saying that the flesh of Christ needed to be crucified in order for us to receive salvation, for me, is absolutely blasphemous, of course, because it implies that God cannot forgive us on his own will. And moreover, he needs to create a human flesh sacrifice in order to forgive us. This makes no sense. They argue that Jesus did not die on the cross, but another person, possibly a twin, or he looked like, was crucified instead. Once Jesus escaped, he traveled through Siberia, making his way to Japan, a journey that would take approximately four years. Once in Japan, he is said to then reside in the town of Shingo, marry a local woman, have kids, and spend the rest of his life in exile as a farmer. When he passed away at the age of 106, his body was left uncovered for four years per local tradition, and his bones were then bundled up and buried on a hill. This hill can obviously now be visited today with a fee where there's a cross that sits about this hill. The foundation of the Christ cult in Shingo is based on a scroll that is claimed to be the last will and testament of Jesus Christ. This scripture was supposedly dictated by Jesus while dying in the village, and a team of archaeologists from an international society for the research of ancient literature discovered it in 1936. Now that's what they call themselves, but not a single one of them was an archaeologist or researcher. So I'll let you draw your own conclusions about that. Now there were some other manuscripts discovered by a Shinto priest around the same time, which details Christ's approach to further adventures between Judea and Japan, identifying Shingo as his final resting place. It could have been an effort by Christian missionaries that then backfired because you had many Christian missionaries go into Asia and they tried to spread Christianity by trying to tie it to the land. So they have to make it more indigenous to the Asians in order for them to then accept Christianity. It could have been such an attempt that ultimately backfired then and created a whole new sect. Now these scrolls that these people found, they don't exist anymore. They were said to have been lost during World War II. Another convenient thing. Yeah, okay. That doesn't convince me though because the people of this village have been lost or fenced in Japan. They've been buried, library of the Xandria, et cetera. Instead of Jesus traveling to Japan, coming back, surviving the crucifixion, and then traveling back to Japan, where he'd spend the rest of his days and then start a Christ cult. I think a theory that's a little more likely and would explain the tombs is the theory that a group of 16th century Christian missionaries came to Japan in 1549. However, after conflicts and competition arose between evangelists over Japanese converts, the Japanese government issued a nationwide ban on Christianity in 1614. The ban caused the faith to go underground and hidden Christians faced extreme persecution, including loyalty tests that require them to renounce their beliefs by trampling on religious symbols. Those who refused to do so were subject to brutal punishments such as crucifixion, beheading, burning at the stake, or just general torture. All right, that's it for today's video. If you want to see the video in its entirety, head over to the channel historical-ish and check out the video Lost Years of Jesus, The Undocumented Life of Christ. Or whilst you edit browse through the channel and you will find many more videos about ancient mysteries, religion, and history. Back in the day when I was a Christian before reverting to Islam, I found it very interesting. I have to say very fascinating because once I started researching Christianity and other religions and other movements, sects, cults, et cetera, I saw that pretty much everybody tried to claim Christ. This reaffirmed then for me that Christianity must be true because as I mentioned, the New Age speaks about Christ. They see him as a spiritual master. Within Islam, we find Christ. Here he is the Messiah, but he is not God. Within Judaism, we find Christ as well, but however here he is denied as a Messiah. He is seen as a charlatan, as a magician, as an imposter. And then you go further into Eastern traditions and even there Jesus is mentioned within Buddhism, within Hinduism, people speak about Jesus Christ. And this is what led me back then to the belief that Christianity must be right. Christianity itself must hold the truth about Jesus Christ. Everybody tries to claim him and everybody is wrong. Just Christianity is right. However, if you look at Christianity, you see a religion that is claiming Jesus more than anybody else. Of course, what the question becomes, are they truly practicing what Jesus Christ preached? Jesus Christ was adherent to the Torah. He was following the dietary guidelines. He wasn't eating pork, he was circumcised. So if you want to follow Jesus example, Christians will say, what would Jesus do? Then you would have to ask yourself the question if Jesus truly was practicing what Christians practice nowadays. If you would even recognize Christianity as his teaching. The same applies to other teachings such as Buddhism. Do Buddhists really practice what Buddha was teaching back in those days? Buddha was against idolatry. Buddhists, on the other hand, do worship idols directly or indirectly. In summary, all we can say is that Jesus Christ had a huge impact of the world. His teaching were revolutionary at the time. 2000 years later, the world still speaks about him and a huge mythos revolves around his character. As I said, from charlatan to God and everything in between, you can find when talking about Jesus Christ. Now, of course, I want to hear it from you guys. What do you think? Who was Jesus? Was he a mystic spiritual teacher? Was he a prophet sent by God? Or was he even God incarnate? Is he the son part of the Trinity? Let me know in the comment section what you think, guys. And if you enjoyed the content, leave me a thumbs up, subscribe to the channel if you haven't already. Check out the links in the description box below and share the video if you find it valuable. All right, guys, this is it for today's video. As always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace.


This study characterizes long Covid-using data from the React to community-based study in England. It estimates that 38% in autumn-winter 2021 and 22% in spring 2021 of people reported at least one symptom 12 weeks after symptom onset, identifies risk factors for persistent symptoms and finds evidence of symptom clustering. This article was authored by Matthew Whitaker, Joshua Elliott, Mark Shadohiam and others.


So, we will now begin with the letter to the Philippians, just a little background on how the Philippian church was formed and then we'll get into the details of the letter. The thing to know about this letter to the Philippians, it really reveals the heart of this Philippian church. It shows how committed they were to the Lord, it shows how strong they were in the Lord, it shows the passion they had for God, the sacrifices they made for Him, the letter shows the high respect which Paul had for these people. So, this is a challenging letter. When we read the letter to the Corinthian church, we may pat ourselves on the back and say, these people barely knew how to function in the church, but then we are better off, we know how to behave, we know how to maintain peace and coordination and unity when we are exercising our gifts and also we can maybe feel a little good about ourselves when we look at the condition of the Corinthian believers. But my goodness, when you read the letter to the Philippians and look at the kind of life that they led and the kind of example which they set for us, it makes us want to reach to a higher level, to reach the standards which the Philippian church has set for the believers. So, it's a letter that we can learn much from. So, to first of all, look at the background. How did this beautiful Philippian church get formed? So, the story, the background story for that would be in Acts chapter 16 versus 6 to 15. So, if you were to just turn in your Bibles to Acts chapter 16 versus 6 to 15, we see that Paul and his companions are travelling throughout the region of Phrygia and Galatia and their idea is to move on to Asia Minor. That is their destination. They're moving towards Asia Minor. But then, something happens in Acts chapter 16 verse 7. The Lord says, no, no, don't go to Asia Minor. So, when they have reached the border of Maishia and they're planning to enter into Bithynia so that they can go on from there towards Asia Minor, the spirit of Jesus says, no, do not go there because that is not the correct time for them to go. He instructs them not to go there. And then in verse 8, we see that they think, okay, fine, if the Lord does not want us to go in this direction, then let us go towards Troas. But again, we have stopped from going to Troas because that night, Paul gets a vision. And in the vision, he sees a man from the Macedonian region who is standing and begging and saying, come over to Macedonia and help us. So, God gives Paul this vision so that Paul will know where he's meant to go next. So, they go to the Macedonian region where you have the city of Philippi and various other cities. So, they come to Philippi in verse 13, Acts chapter 16 verse 13.  And they are aware that people generally meet outside these cities for a time of prayer. And so, this being the Sabbath day, they know that at least one or two groups will be meeting somewhere outside the city gates. And so, Paul and his companions, they set out for this place near the river. And so, it says in Acts 16 verse 13, on the Sabbath we went outside the city gate to the river where we expected to find a place of prayer. We sat down and began to speak to the women who had gathered there.  They are not yet Christians. They probably do not know much about Christ or the Gospel, but they are God-fearing people who have a heart to know the truth. They have a desire to reach out to God and know God. So, that is the kind of group that is sitting over here. And this is where you basically have the seeds of the Philippine church sitting there.  Out of that seed would grow an amazing church. And these are the very first members of that church. So, the ladies are sitting over there and the Paul and his companions begin to share the Gospel and they are listening with much interest. In verse 14, we get to know that one of the ladies who is seated over there is a purple cloth merchant. So, which basically means that she probably would be a wealthy lady because purple cloth was considered very valuable in those days. It was imported, exported. So, it had a lot of monetary value. So, she is basically a dealer in that. And it says she was a worshipper of God, which basically means, you know, what they were called, what they were called God worshippers. And there are other terms which are used. All these terms basically means that you are that this person is from a gentile background, but they have made a commitment to become part of the Jewish faith because they believe that the God of the Jews is the living through God. So, she is from a gentile background, but she has become a worshipper of God, which basically means she has kind of converted to the Jewish faith. So, she is that type of person. And it says in verse 14, at 16 verse 14, it says, the Lord opened her heart to respond to Paul's message. So, because she has a genuine interest, the Holy Spirit convicts her and she is able to believe what Paul is preaching. And it says in verse 15, when she and the members of her household were baptized, she invited us to her home. So, they accept this group of ladies, accept the Lord Jesus as their savior. And then they undergo water baptism to publicly declare that now they are no longer converted to the Jewish faith. But now from the Jewish faith, they have now converted to faith in Jesus Christ. So, they undergo the baptism ceremony. And then after that, Lydia invites these missionaries to her home. She says, if you consider me a believer in the Lord, she said, come and stay at my house. And she persuaded us. And so, most probably in the early days, the church was, you know, meeting in her home. And that's basically from where this church grows and becomes what it, you know, what it later on goes on, you know, goes to become. So, this is how the Philippian church begins. It begins with people who genuinely have a love for God. They respond to the message, the Gospel message which has been given. They invite the missionaries into their home. They are eager to learn more. And so with this kind of a group, the church begins. So, you know, just a thought for those of us who may be involved in some kind of ministry work. I mean, it's not relevant whether we are in, you know, whether we work in the secular field or whether we are in full-time ministry. But all of us must be, you know, serving the Lord in some way or the other.  Never, ever underestimate the group or which God has placed you. There's great potential there. There are people sitting over there who have a genuine hunger to know more about God and maybe to do something for God. And you have been placed over there in that group as one of the more learned leaders, you know, someone who's more familiar with the scriptures. So, you're in a position to equip them. You're in a position to encourage them. And if you do that, who knows what that little group can grow into. I mean, the people in that group, maybe they'll really go into their offices, their workplaces and start sharing the gospel. So, it's great power in little groups because of the kind of hearts with which people are sitting in those small groups.    Where's the point? Let's go find a group of men. No, he invested in them and that led to the beginning of an amazing church. So, let's take our small groups seriously. Let's understand that there's much potential there. And so, in the same way that Paul gave his best in ministering to this group, let us give our best in ministering to whichever group, you know, we are part of. So, having kind of looked at that background, as we still have a few minutes, let's get into chapter one. So, if we could have someone read out for us the first seven verses please. Philippians chapter one versus one to seven. Philippians chapter one versus one to seven. Paul and Timothy, born servants of Jesus Christ to all the saints in Christ Jesus, who are in Philippi with the bishops and decans, grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. I thank my God upon every remembrance of you, always in every prayer of mine, making request for you with all with joy for your fellowship in the gospel from the first day until now. Being confident of this very thing that he who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ. Just as it is right for me to think this of you all because I have you in my heart in as much as both in my chains and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel. You all are partakers with me of grace. Amen. Amen. Thank you so much. So, yes, we will reflect on this passage when we come back from our break. Thank you. We'll meet at 10 o'clock.


What we're going to do now, we're going to take a look at the physical mechanisms of heat transfer and the first one that we will consider will be conduction. So conduction is heat transfer due to atomic and molecular interactions. And the nature of conduction depends upon whether we're looking at a gas, a liquid, or a solid. And what we'll do, we'll begin with gases. And when we're looking at conduction and gases, we're assuming that there is no macroscopic velocity of the molecules or the atoms, that they're all kind of moving around on their own. But macroscopically, a bulk of them is not moving because then that would be convective heat transfer. But to begin with for gases, what we'll do, we'll sketch out. This would be from the kinetic theory of gases where you have these molecules or atoms moving around. They all have different velocities and they're all hitting into one another, colliding and exchanging momentum in the process. So it is that energy exchange that is what is represented then by conduction within a gas. And there are different types of energy that can exist within molecules or atoms. So we can have translational energy, which would be the kinetic energy of them moving in a direction. They could be rotating. And you can also have vibrational. Now vibrational would come in if you have, for example, diatomic oxygen where you have two atoms of oxygen and they're connected through some bond that the vibration could be that bond where they're moving back and forth or they could be rotating. And this is all covered in the area referred to as being the kinetic theory of gases. And through this theory, you can actually use these construct models and predict some of the basic properties of gases. And so that is how we can have conduction in gases. Now moving on to liquids. Now liquids are similar to gases. However, with the liquid, there is a shorter distance between the collisions. And so we refer to that as the free mean path or the free molecular path. And that would be the distance between collisions. So in the case of a liquid, that distance is shorter. And consequently, they don't have to move as far to have a collision. And then finally, the material that quite often conduction applies to is solids. Although you can have it in these other forms, but solids are usually the one that we're dealing with. And with solids, the molecules are in a more regular pattern and they're fixed. And so they don't have the ability to move around as much. So we can have different types of lattices. You can have face centered cubic, body centered cubic. But typically, when we're dealing with solids, there are two forms of interchange of energy. We can have lattice vibration. And we can also have the electron motion. So lattice vibration is where the connection between all of the atoms or molecules would be vibrating. You can have these waves going through. And then in the case of electron motion, each of these atoms or molecules can have free electrons that are spinning around. And those can move through the solid. And those can also provide a form of energy exchange. And with that, given that we're talking about electron motion, the idea of a conductor versus a nonconductor, there's actually relationship between electricity, electricity flow and heat transfer. Okay, so what we have here is that nonconductors. So a nonconductor would be an insulator. They transfer energy via lattice waves alone. And if you have a good conductor, conductors transfer both through lattice waves or lattice vibration, as well as electron motion. And the final comment here is that good electrical conductors are usually good heat conductors. So if you look at things such as copper, copper is a very good electrical conductor, it's also a very good heat conductor, gold, platinum, things like that. They're good electrical conductors and they're also good heat conductors, usually the case. So anyways, those are the three different situations we can have for a gas, a liquid or a solid when we're looking at conduction.


Okay, well, we're here at Pearl Harbor and coming up with the 70th anniversary and it's something that I grew up knowing about the Missouri, the end of the war, and the Arizona, seemingly the beginning of the war.  There's very few of those gentlemen and ladies left who served in that time period, so it's great honor to be here at this time.