I'm here to talk a little bit more about how do we get those kinds of integrations going for not just GitHub, but for your enterprise and for open source software in general. For those of you who aren't familiar with Cloud Events, we'll be talking about that in a moment, but first we're going to talk using some of the terminology from Cloud Events, what is an event? So they define an event to be a notification of something having been observed. So it's not a PR was opened, you know, the PR being opened happens whether or not you listen for the event. But the event is sort of telling you, hey, if you were interested, you could go and listen to this stream of stuff and you could find out all the PRs that are being opened in this repo or something like that. So the great thing about this is that there's a lot of different systems that produce events. The other awesome thing is that everybody has made up their own formats. That's not really awesome because it means if you want to interact with GitHub and you want to interact with GitLab and you want to interact with Bitbucket and you want to understand pull requests, you need to write three copies of the same code. And as much fun it is to write three copies of the same code, I've done it enough. So Cloud Events is a CNCF project to standardize a simple envelope. Kind of think of it like HTTP for events.  They got different bodies, different payloads, but those headers are common. You got common libraries for like assembling a URL and things like that.  It's not going to replace stuff like protocol buffers or JSON or Avro, but you can take a record that was written in Avro and mechanically convert it to JSON and put it on a different type of messaging system, for example, or write it to a log or something like that.  Some are CNCF projects, some are other projects that produce these kinds of events that you might use to react to security issues. But it's not just about reacting. You can also take advantage of these to be proactive and say, hey, you know, there's a software build. I need to initiate a security scan or, you know, hey, I scanned this two weeks ago, should I re-scan it? You know, I know it was built two weeks ago. I should, you know, re-initiate scans on this thing with a newer set of vulnerabilities. And you can also use this, you saw Falco on the previous page. You can use this to discover, hey, wait, there were unexpected system calls from this container. And I'm not going to run through the demo here, but Falco did a great series of blog posts with eight different systems that you could integrate through cloud events with Falco Sidekick to basically solve the problem. There's a pod running in my cluster. It just started a terminal that's connected to a shell that's connected to an interactive terminal. I would like to delete that pod, you know. So your attacker comes in, pops open a shell and delete pod. Find a different way in, open a shell, delete pod.  So these are some examples of actual events. The one on the right is the Falco rule. The one on the left is from CD events about a deployment. You can imagine how both of these are interesting and useful when you're trying to build a picture of your security posture or to react and mitigate things that are happening in your enterprise. I've had to cut down on the content of the payload in both of these cases. They're actually longer than this, but I thought you might want to read them. So this is where I get to my call to action. If you're a vendor who's producing these things, generate cloud events. Tell people what's going on. Document what those cloud events look like so that people can build these. Yes, they're going to be Rube Goldberg machines. But Rube Goldberg machines are how a lot of our lives get done. So don't fear them. Don't go wild, but don't fear them. And if you're an end user, there's a lot of different places where you can do it. You can react immediately. I'm sure a lot of people have seen the Lambda that goes in and fixes IAM if you make an oopsie or something like that. You can store these in BigQuery or Snowflake or something like that and query over them later. Hey, I wanted to know, this incident happened. What else was happening around that time? And you can also keep them as audit records long term in something that's really cheap. And again, if there's a problem, you can pull them out later. And since they're in a standard format, you can stack up a whole bunch of these things and then filter them later. If they were all different formats, you need to know, oh, this one's Avro and this one's Protobuf and this one's JSON. I don't really think you'd enjoy writing that parser later. But if you know you can take them all, stick them all in Avro and record them off into S3 or something like that, then life is pretty good. So little pitch for those of you who haven't seen Cloud Events. It's a short spec. It's like, I don't know, 10 pages, something like that. You can read it real fast. And I don't know who's next.


How do you keep the discus back throughout the throw right? Okay, and how often do you run into that with your your coaching group? I mean, that's pretty frequent and I think what what ends up happening is like with all this stuff is that You know, how do you keep the discus back? Well what it depends on where we're talking about, you know Is it the middle? Is it right out of the back? throughout the code so just through I think You I see so many throwers lose it. In fact, I have a new video coming out. So And we talk about that because We because basically I'm gonna I'm gonna this is it. I'm gonna share with you and Trevor. Okay, because I'm So here's if I'm a leader It's this this is what nobody teaches in the throw. You got it. Everybody teaches, right? You put two fingers guys see some people who say oh, that's a preference.  Yeah who turned it over. Yeah, and that's that weird carry stuff that you learn So if kids are learning to do this So the answer I think is to to learn how to keep the thumb this little cock of the hand Keeps the disc is here. It's also easier to kind of cradle it with your fingers And then it's easier to lock the disc is back and then so many kids are doing this So they get into that carry I call it carrying versus drag you want to drag the discus You don't want to carry the discus and so many young kids are like it feels like it's going to fall out And they're holding the discus fingers apart thumb up And it's like the discus is going to fall if you're just doing this Your fingers kind of do this under the discus and it becomes easier to carry. I don't know that's what we do Now does that work every time? No What what you're saying too if you think about from a muscular perspective is that you're When your thumb is like down or flat the way Sam holds it You're going to be using a little bit more upper trap And when you when you raise that thumb up the way you describe it You're going to have to be using a little bit more of your lower trap It's a little bit easier to retract your stack So the the thing that I would say with Sam is like Sam's Hand is like Alecna's left arm in the middle where he has that weird drop of his left arm and I just think that that's like Something that wasn't addressed early on and it just goes back to what we're talking about is is this is stuff where you can see it And I and I think the big picture issue is that That the high school kids that are tuning in need to recognize is that something like the left arm It might take six months to figure out how to use the left arm Just because we're trying to get them to feel like a mini wrap where they hold the left arm And then when they feel that hold position Then they actually feel okay now I feel hold now I can open it up So it might take you know for some kids it might take six months some kids It might take two weeks Right, you'll let the lay of the left arm But then when they feel that delay of the left arm now all of a sudden they can be a little bit more active with it And I think that all this stuff is progression base And if if you're a thrower you've got to understand that the disc is being behind So something that that eric just mentioned with the you know with the with the way the palm is is facing Can be a fit very quick fix for a high school kid But then you get to somebody like Jason's level or Sam's level where Maybe they feel like they're open or they that they they feel like there's not as much tension through the middle of the circle It's going to be okay. Well, maybe they're they're they're laid off the left leg Maybe the left leg's not getting to the front as quickly as it typically would And they're being a little bit lazy out of the back and now the speed of the left leg Is making that more tension Or lack of tension and when they get more speed from the left leg now the disc is back Deeper because the left side is moving faster. So it's like figuring out. Well, what level are you are you throwing? You know 138 feet or are you throwing 65 meters because it's it's different things If you can think as a thrower these progressions take years And and and that's the thing with Jason is he's committed, you know, he's you know He's gone from 138 feet and he he bought into that from a very early time frame that this takes time to develop and For the Olympic trials because of that And I think that's one of the hardest things to coach is that I was just dealing with Sam outside being you know He was super frustrated and pissed But I was like dude be patient be patient be patient be patient and as last four throws it was like murder murder murder Right. I think that this is like the the ever going theme with throwing is it's like you you trouble Through all these positions and it's understanding like where are they at as an athlete? where they at in the progression and then How can you keep them patient so that they don't jump ship so that they don't lose their minds that they aren't immature little babies


Besides Michael Jordan, who's the goat of Chicago? You know, Sammy Sosa. And people forgot about Scottie Peeping a little bit. I think Sammy Sosa did a tremendous job putting the city back in the map. Oh, Walter Payton. That's an easy one. Yeah, Walter Payton all day long, sweetness. And if you ask anybody else who's a true Chicagoan, they'd say the same thing. Sweetness, Walter Payton. Walter Payton, yeah. It doesn't get any better than that. I mean, a guy who rushed for that many yards, close to 18,000 or 19,000 yards. I feel like I'm a decent athlete. I'll probably say Brian Erlacher. He's a beast. You know, back in the day, he was here. He's going to be here. Oh, that's lit. Yeah, he's going to be here. That's pretty cool. So yeah, I'll probably say Erlacher. There's so many guys. But if I had the big one, I'd go with Jewish Pepper. It's just the way that the sheer size, the things he could do moving around was amazing for a guy's size.


Okay, so the last talk of the session has a type term which is post-computer security of Fiat Shamir. I guess it is about the post-computer security of the Fiat Shamir scheme. Yep, not the security of the two people. Okay, I don't need them. Hello everyone. So before I start talking about the security of Fiat Shamir, let me quickly recap what Fiat Shamir is for those who are not familiar with it. So Fiat Shamir is a non-interactive proof system. So we are in the setting where we have a prover who gets his input, some statements or something that is supposed to be proven, and a witness, so a proof of that statement. And then a certain message is sent over that work, just one message, and the verifier who also knows that it's a statement but doesn't know the proof, will have to verify that this statement is actually correct. And we want informally two properties of such proof system. One is that it's zero-knowledge, so the verifier should not do anything besides the fact that the statement is true, and it should usually be a proof of knowledge, which means the verifier should be convinced that the prover actually knows the witness for the statement, so that the prover knows the proof for that statement. Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof systems are quite common in all kinds of cryptographic schemes. But one important application of Fiat Shamir, which is probably what most people have been thinking about when they were thinking about Fiat Shamir recently in the context of post-bundant cryptography, is that you can get an efficient signature scheme out of Fiat Shamir. Why can you do that? Well, what you do is the prover doesn't sign just an arbitrary statement, not just an arbitrary statement, but the prover proves that it knows the secret key. And since only the prover can do that, it is a signature. So, of course, to see that this is really a signature and that you cannot, for example, give you a signature for one message, make a signature for another message, etc., you need a more careful analysis, but for the moment being just trust me that this can be done. So, once you have shown a suitable variant of these properties, you get a highly efficient signature scheme. The question that I want to talk about today is Fiat Shamir quantum secure. Can the quantum computer break it or not? So, let me talk in slightly more detail about how Fiat Shamir works. So, what kind of construction is it? In Fiat Shamir, we start by using some interactive proof system. So, Fiat Shamir is not just one cryptosystem, it is actually a transformation. We start with an interactive proof system. So, again, something where the prover knows the prover of a statement and wants to come into the verifier. And we consider proof systems of very specific form, namely so-called sigma protocols. These are proof systems which have exactly three messages called the commitment, the challenge, and the response. With the added property that the challenge, so the method by the verifier, is a uniformly random message. And we require two properties of such a proof system. The first is that it is honest verifier zero knowledge, meaning whatever happens here between an honest proof and verifier could be efficiently simulated by a simulator that has no access to the witness whatsoever. And that intuitively means that by seeing such interaction, you don't learn anything. And secondly, one usually requires special soundness, which means that given a valid response for two different challenges for the same commitment, you can efficiently compute the witness. And these two properties together allow us now... So, a sigma protocol with these two properties allows us to construct a non-interactive proof system using Fiat Shamir. Let me sketch how this is done. So, the Fiat Shamir Prover internally simulates an interaction between the prover and the verifier for the sigma protocol. So, the prover runs the sigma protocol prover, which gives a commitment, the verifier answers with a random challenge, and the prover answers with a response. And then the prover takes these three messages and sends them to the verifier over the network. Well, as it is written like this, this would not be a secure non-interactive proof system. Why not? Because the verifier who checks whether this is a valid interaction cannot be sure whether this internal verifier has actually just sent a uniformly random challenge. So, it's actually when you do it like this, very easy for the Fiat Shamir Prover to make an invalid interaction or a valid interaction for an invalid statement by just picking a challenge for which it can finish this proof. So, what do we do to enforce that the challenge sent here is actually kind of like random? Well, what we can do is we can take a hash function and instead of taking this challenge randomly, we take the commitment, hash it, and this will be the challenge. And for a sufficiently ideal hash function or in the formal analysis, a random oracle, this is still like indistinguishable from a normal interaction of the sigma protocol, so it should still in particular lead to a valid triple of commitment challenge in response. But the Prover cannot anymore pick this challenge in a way so that he can cheat in the protocol. And without giving you any formal analysis of this, we would now get the property that since this sigma protocol is a simulation of an original sigma protocol, with the additional property that this challenge is kind of random, the soundness of the original sigma protocol carries over and we have that this Fiat-Charmier proof is sound. By sound, I mean we cannot make a proof of the wrong statement. Now, if we come to the quantum setting, it turns out that we have a problem. Because as we showed some years ago, if the sigma protocol has the same properties as we assume in the classical setting, so to remind you, one is verified as a knowledge and this special soundness, so if you just assume this properties, then it is possible to construct some very artificial sigma protocol relative to certain artificial oracles, so there's a lot of artificiality involved, but it's just to give a counter example. So we can construct the sigma protocol so that the following happens. So we have the sigma protocol with commitment, a challenge, and a response. And it's possible that this sigma protocol allows us, with some malicious prover, to send some commitment and generate at the same time some secret quantum state psi. Then we get an arbitrary challenge and we give an always valid response, even if the statement we are proving is wrong. So if we have such a sigma protocol, obviously fiat-sharmil will be insecure because the fiat-sharmil prover can also just produce a commitment, hash it, gets a challenge, and gets a response from that. Now you might say, okay, but this is an insecure sigma protocol. Well, it turns out to be a sigma protocol that satisfies all the properties we usually expect. In particular, it has special solvers. How can that be? If we can answer to any challenge with correct response, then it should be that we can get correct response for two different challenges, which was what we were supposed not to be able to do with special solvers. Well, here comes in the quantum thing. This sigma protocol is carefully designed that we get together with the commitment a quantum state that allows us to give a correct response. But this quantum state allows us to do this only once. So computing this response destroys the quantum state, and since we cannot copy the quantum state, we can do this only once. So we now have a sigma protocol that allows us to, for any challenge, give a correct response, but only once. So we can do it for any challenge we choose, but we cannot do it for two challenges, not even two challenges that are random or nice or whatever. And this example shows that fear charming has a problem when we're in the quantum setting. So the big question is, what can we do about that? And there are three possibilities what we can do to resolve the problem I showed you just now. The first thing is that we could say, this counter example is very artificial. It uses certain hypothetical oracles that do not exist in the real world, et cetera. So it could be that such a counter example is only possible in a world with such oracles, and all we need to do to prove the security of fear charming is to make a proof that holds in the real world but that does not hold relative to any oracles. Then we would circumvent the counter example. So this is so-called non-relativising proof, and I cannot exclude that such a non-relativising proof is possible. However, if it is, well, it doesn't seem too likely that we find one because non-relativising proofs are usually very difficult to find, and in most cases we either have a relativeising proof or we don't have proof at all. So I think this is a doubtful attempt to solving the problem, but it will be a highly interesting one. The second way out is just to say, okay, let's forget about fear charming. Let's just try to do something different from fear charming with the same purpose or some other transformation to take a sigma protocol and make a non-interactive proof system out of it. And indeed, this works. There have been at least two approaches that have done it in the quantum setting. So one paper by me from 2015 that was already mentioned this morning also, as called the Unruh transform. And there's another construction even older from Dr. Lenfischlin in Galliadoni from 2013, which is also a variation of the idea of fear charming to get non-interactive proof systems. The problem with those solutions is that while this one is less efficient than fear charming, this one needs a lot of strong assumptions. So although we have alternatives, we may not be totally in contact with them. We might want to still keep using fear charming because it's very efficient and because it is already established. So this is the standard construction. And this leads to the third possibility what we might try to do. So we know that using the normal assumptions about sigma protocols, the ones that we usually use to prove fear charming in the classical settings, they are not sufficient. But we may try to put some extra conditions on the sigma protocols so that fear charming will be secure. And that is the purpose of this talk. So let me give you an overview of the main result. So what we show is that if we have a sigma protocol that has statistical soundness and honest verification of knowledge, and here I'll list a few extra conditions that are usually always satisfied so they're not really worth mentioning except they're technically necessary. So we have two important properties. The statistical soundness and honest verification of knowledge. And from these two properties we can then get if we apply the normal fear charming construction unmodified to that sigma protocol we get a proof system that has simulation soundness. So that's a particular variant of soundness I will say something more in a moment and zero knowledge. So it has nice properties. But let's get into detail what has actually changed with respect to the classical situation. Well, in the preconditions of the theorem so the assumption of the sigma protocol I have changed what we expect in terms of soundness. Before we had this special soundness. So special soundness said that it's hard to find two answers to the same challenge. This we replace by statistical soundness. Statistical soundness says it is hard to make a proof for a wrong statement even if the adversary is computationally unlimited. So this is an interesting thing. We do not know how to prove the security of fear charming based on a sigma protocol which is hard to break for computationally limited adversaries. So even though the final goal the security of fear charming we only try to prove for computationally limited adversaries we need to put in a information theoretical assumption into the protocol. And the second thing honest verify the emerge that's just the same as we do classically. So we have here strengthened our assumption relative to what we need classically. And on the other side we get actually something a bit weaker than classically. So we get the emerge properties fine and everything works. Well we get the simulation soundness. So first what is soundness? Soundness means we cannot prove an incorrect statement. Simulation soundness is a somewhat technical and that the first moment is not so easy to understand notion which says we cannot prove the wrong statement even if we get access to the emerge simulator for proving for creating fake statements. So we cannot make more fake statements than the simulator does. This simulation soundness is very important because it means we cannot make out of one proof another proof and if we want to construct a signature scheme we will need this non-malability product. But the thing is usually what we prove here is simulation sound extractability. So extractability means if we can make a proof for something then we can find the witness efficiently. While this we draw, we just say we cannot make proof for wrong statements but we don't say that we cannot make proof for wrong statements at all. What we don't say what we don't imply is that we cannot make proof without knowing the witness. So it could be that there is a correct statement for which we do not know the witness and we can make the proof. So this property is weaker than what is guaranteed in the classical setting and that will turn out to be a bit of a problem for the signatures because to make a signature scheme we usually use simulation sound extractability. And I will not sketch how this proof is done. It is interesting because we cannot go exactly like in the classical setting because we need to do re-programming of the random oracle which is tricky in the quantum setting but fortunately the methods developed in my 2015 paper the one that it did in alternative construction, those methods carry over relatively easily to this setting so there is no normal technique needed. So let me sketch how we can show simulation soundness or I will just sketch soundness from statistical soundness of the sigma protocol. So take the sigma protocol and we use the following definition. Say we call a challenge so the message from the verifier we call it promising if there exists a response to that challenge. We do not say that it is easy to find that response or anything, we just classify challenges into promising or not I mean relative to a certain commitment we say what the verifier sense is promising if it is at least hypothetically possible to give a response to it and it is not promising if it is impossible even for an unlimited adversary to give a valid response. And now we have we are assuming that the sigma protocol has statistical soundness and that applies at least if you are trying to prove a wrong statement that for any commitment there are only few promising responses why is that the case but if there would be a lot of promising responses then sorry few promising challenges would be so for any commitment there are only few challenges that are promising because if there would be a lot of challenges that would be promising the verifier would be likely to send one and then the prover could send a valid response and the prover is unlimited so statistical soundness implies there are only few promising challenges and that implies that if we have a hash function modeled as a random oracle that hashes the commitment and access the statement but we can ignore that we are now if we try to find a commitment so that the hash of that commitment is a promising challenge well we know that there are only very few promising challenges but analyzing this more carefully we can see that whether a given output of the hash function is promising or not is more than uniformly random and therefore we can use existing result about quantum search to show that finding the commitment so that the hash of the commitment is promising this is a hard problem and this means that breaking the soundness of the Achaomian's heart because to break the soundness we would need to find a commitment and a response so that this is valid and in order for this to be valid the challenge needs to be promising otherwise there would be a valid response but we just said finding a commitment so that the hash of it is valid for a wrong statement always implied that this is hard so we have shown we cannot break the soundness of the Achaomian now what about signatures I mentioned that there is a little problem so let me quickly say something about this problem so in the classical setting when we want to show that Fiachami is a signature scheme we use the following approach although if you have seen proofs of the fact that Fiachami is a signature scheme it may not look this way because often it is not done in a two step approach that we show that it's proof system and then we show it's a signature scheme instead it's done more than one but those proofs do the same steps but just implicitly so this is a way to look at those proofs but often it will not be made explicit so what we usually have is that we show simulation sound extractability, zero knowledge we assume that the the Sigma protocol we are using is such that given the public key which is the statement it is hard to guess the corresponding security so this is kind of the weakest assumption we could make to get a signature scheme obviously if you can guess a secret key the signature scheme will be broken and then we prove our proofs that it knows a secret key and the extractability basically says if it knows a secret key if it proves that it knows a secret key it means that it knows a secret key and an addresser cannot do that that's basically the idea of the proof but we need to use this extractability here we need to prove that if we forge a message then we know a secret key and now if we go to the quantum setting as I showed you we don't have extractability in rule we just have simulation soundness so now the question is can we still get signatures because what I told you just now doesn't work and it turns out we can save the idea by changing this assumption we need something stronger if we assume we have a sigma protocol for proving that there is a secret key for public key and this secret public key relation has a property which I call dual-multile instances then the whole thing works so what are dual-multile instances I give you only the very vague idea it just means that having a valid public key you also randomly normally chose public key is indistinguishable from having a fake public key for which there exists no secret key then we say we have dual-multile hard instances and this stronger property actually makes the whole thing work very roughly because we could when we make a security proof fake public keys that do not have a secret key and then when we have someone forge a signature we can show oh forging a signature means proving there is a secret key but this is a false statement and we have a contradiction to the softness so I will not go into detail because we don't have time for that but now it goes through and what are the interesting old problems here where one is to nice sigma protocols that lead for example to efficient signatures using this approach there is a recent paper by Kils Debershevsky and Chafna who uses quite similar ideas and gives explicit construction for specific sigma protocols but I have not yet fully worked out whether it is exactly matching the properties from here or not because they analyze here specifically with the direct proof for those sigma protocols then we may want to know can we strengthen this result can we actually get some variant of extractability by putting in strong assumptions so this is a very interesting old question or can we weaken the assumption so I said we use statistical softness can we do it with some variant of computational softness but not the one we usually use because that one we showed doesn't work but some and finally can we make the reduction really tight so that we get efficient key lengths and so on that's all thank you for your attention any question your notion of dual mode hard instance I think the other one is called lossy public keys or something can you discuss the relationship between this lossy public key and this dual mode thing it is more or less the same idea so there are some slight differences I think the lossy public keys had at least in the definition statistical indistinguishability while I assume computation indistinguishability there are various little differences but the the basic idea is the same your talk assumes the existence of quantum computers that you allow only the cheating property to use it what happens if the commitments are quantum states the hash function is transforming quantum states to quantum states what happens if everything is allowed to be quantum that's a good question so let's see what I can say at the top of my head so the hash function and therefore the challenge quantum I would have to think whether this is a well defined notion or not what would be a quantum hash function so I don't know you could consider the commitment to be a quantum state and then respond something that is measured and then I think the zero knowledge part might go through with ideas I don't know and the but for the soulless part I wouldn't know how to directly transfer the proof so it might be that it's still secure but I think one would need to think about fight some changes here ah well if the commitment is a quantum state then I don't know what it would be to hash it so actually there's been more open so drastically open I would say classical computer an unbounded analysis can already break the soundness of the Fiat-Chamion fast forward right? yes but what we assumed was um we did not assume or I said nothing about security here against unbounded adversaries so the interesting thing is we need security of the sigma protocol and then it's unbounded adversaries to get security of Fiat-Chamion against bounded adversaries so let's try the speaker again for lunch now


Welcome into a quick hitter edition of the OG podcast. I'm your host Scott Bernstein We're going to be doing a lot of these kind of mini episodes where we kind of rapid fire some breaking news or or hit some hot button topics That maybe don't warrant a full hour long episode Today, I'm going to talk about the release from state prison of Genovese soldier Vito Alberti Well, very high ranking soldier that work right underneath OG Genovese capo Chuckie Tuzo Chuckie. I think he's still alive. He's all he's like 90 years old right now He got busted with Alberti in the 2010s by the New Jersey State Police for running a multitude of rackets Sports gambling Backdoor casino gambling Extortion loan sharking Labor racketeering so forth and so forth drugs I believe and Both got hit with five-year sentences Alberti did about four and a half and Walked out. He's 64 years old when the bus came down he was Tuzo's guy in New Jersey and reported directly to Tuzo and and Genevieve Genevieve's administrators wasn't your traditional soldier was a little bit more elite than a just a run-of-the-mill button man and Alberti was someone that is very connected and has always had ties into other crime families in Had has had rackets in New York, New Jersey parts of Pennsylvania and I think the real noteworthy point when you're talking about Alberti's criminal resume, if you will is the fact that he was deeply involved in what Was being planned as a A violent coup at the top of the Philadelphia Mafia back In the first couple months of 2000s. It was going to be a hostile takeover by New Jersey Capo Pete the crumb Caprio who was the Bruno scarf of cramp crime family's guy in North Jersey and Caprio was an old school guy that had a lot of connections in New York City and he he Throughout the mid to late 90s had acted as the Philly Mafia's go-between with the New York bosses and Alberti was his guy that he would reach out to in the Genovese crime family They were had they had some joint rackets Alberti was close to another Genovese skipper Lawrence Ricci who they called Dairy Larry because he had a lot of interest in the Milk game the bit in the milk business he was related to a Philadelphia mob member in the Jersey crew of Beepsie Centurino and Caprio Got sanctioning from the Genovese crime family and the Gambino crime family To murder the then sitting in administration of the Philadelphia Mafia guys that are still active or semi-active today and the plan was for for a Caprio to kill then acting boss, Uncle Joe Legambi Under boss handsome Stevie Mazone and then conciliary Georgie boy for Gacy Today Legambi is in semi-retirement and is acting as conciliary Mazone is still under boss. He just reported to prison. He's got to do about five years six years on another racketeering case and Borgesi is according to my sources the acting boss of the Philadelphia Mafia right now and Alberti backed this play and was going to help Caprio kill those three and Take over the family and the plan was to lure the Gambi Mazone and Borgesi to a meeting in New Jersey that was going to be under the pretense of getting Legambi sanctioned or Introduced to the New York Dons Legambi was Just taking over as acting boss for skinny Joey Marlino who we all know about and Marlino What that point was going to do his first real big prison sentence a dozen years for for a racketeering and he had reported to prison in 99 and this was early 2000 and the Gambi needed intros and That was what was going to get them to this meeting and the plan was to shoot them I think some of the plan involved like machine guns and then they were gonna with the help of B to Alberti were they were gonna bury them in a pre-dug grave in New Jersey and Caprio was going to be taken to New York by Alberti Ricci and a Gambino guy by the name of Tony Proto and was going to be Named the the boss the godfather of Philadelphia It never happened before it was pulled off Caprio was snagged in a racketeering indictment and flipped and told the US Attorney and FBI all about you know his intentions and who he was plotting with what's also Very interesting in regards to this plot that that Caprio was Blueprinting out with the Genovese and the Gambino's was he was according to my sources was receiving coaching and An aide in some regards by Ralph Natali who was the previous boss of the Philadelphia mafia who had flipped and was preparing to testify against Merlino and at least Borghazi and Mazzone in a year from then at trial and Even though he was in a witness protection wing having cut a deal to To testify become the first sitting my boss to ever Take the stand he was caught on wiretaps Talking to Caprio talking to people that he knew in new in in New York and the five families I believe he was talking to Alberti and the Italian Alberti had done prison time together in the 1980s and Ralph was trying to play both sides of the fence and Who knows what would have happened if if Caprio had pulled off the plot? but whether it was simply Ralph was mad at at the joy Merlino crew who had pushed him out of power And was just trying to get back at him Or he thought he could somehow finesse his way back And reneged on his cooperation. I don't know Ralph was was a legend in his own mind Although personally, I actually like Ralph a lot. I got to sit with him For about six months initially on his book hit the siren Benny I'm on a book project that I ended up leaving and being replaced on but I liked him personally, but who knows what his end game was there, but it never it never got Off the ground But Alberti is coming back now I mean he'd been on he was on the street for for quite a bit after that whole thing blew up So if there was gonna be any repercussions, I believe they would have already been carried out But it's it's it's interesting to note that you know from around the time that Alberti went away in 19 2019 Georgie Borghese I Do believe around that time was was taken over as acting boss before he had just been a copo and had been in prison for a long stretch and I don't presume to be in anybody's head, but I would That money that that Georgie Borghese Joe the Gamby and Steven Mazzone Haven't forgotten about Alberti being involved in that in that in that plot. So Again, I'm not predicting anything any retribution, I think if it if there was gonna be retribution it would already happened but hopefully they'll they'll mend fences, I know that the Genovese are still very connected into Philly when Chickie Changalini died Back in the earlier in the spring late winter. There was a contingent of Genovese that came to the funeral. So Vito Alberti is is is a free man after four years in state prison You know where he fits into the Genovese rackets in New Jersey right now, you know, we will see You know, if there's a promotion in his future, we will see if He you know, he goes back To what he was doing before whether whether he has an you know an increased Level of responsibility only time will tell but we'll be there to report it We like bringing you these these quick these quick hitters whether we're talking about guys getting out of prison guys going to prison guys getting arrested Promoted demoted. We'll be here to share it with you at the OG podcast For Jimmy Bucciolato, we'll be back for another full length episode this week But for Jimmy for Benny behind the glass Scott Bernstein og pod out


Those leaps in the early years should be the biggest challenges young children face. Yet more than 30 million children in the 15 worst affected countries are wasted, meaning they are acutely malnourished. And 8 million of these children are severely wasted. That's why we created the UN Global Action Plan on Child Wasting. Our joint effort to prevent, detect and treat child wasting globally. Conflicts, climate shocks, the pandemic's ongoing ripple effects and the rising costs of living have left more and more children wasted. And med key services less accessible. We need urgent action to save lives and tackle the root causes of child wasting. We need to improve analysis and ensure that we reach children and women most at risk with our interventions, including the internally displaced and the refugees. We need to ensure mothers and children can access primary health care services to prevent and treat diseases that contribute to waste. Enable availability, affordability and accessibility to healthy adults for young children, pregnant and breastfeeding women. Strengthen social safety nets and food assistance to provide specialized nutritious food to the women and the children who need them most. We need to scale up proven solutions to prevent, detect and treat child wasting early while supporting an integrated response across maternal and child nutrition, social protection, food security, safe water, sanitation and hygiene. We know what works and we know how to deliver it, but we need that U.S. support. Let's give every child everywhere a chance to survive and thrive.


Let's see how to find the equivalent potential temperature called theta e on the skew t. The equivalent potential temperature is the potential temperature that an air parcel would have if all this water vapor would convert to liquid water, thus warming the air, and then the liquid water was removed. To find theta e, we find the LCL. Go up to the moist adiabat until it's parallel with the dry adiabats. And then go down the dry adiabat that matches the moist adiabat until we reach the pressure of 1,000 millibar. In this case, theta e is about 330 Kelvin or 57 degrees C. Note that the lines aren't marked with such high temperatures. But we can determine which temperature this line represents by looking at the 360 Kelvin dry adiabat and then counting one, two, three lines over where the lines are in intervals of 10K.


Item number SCP-2747 Object Class Euclid Keter Threat Level Green Black Special Containment Procedures Foundation watchdog algorithms are to monitor online and print media for mention of SCP-2747 positive keyphrases. All matches are to be tagged and forwarded to the Department of Analytics, which will provide further confirmation of SCP-2747 manifestation. In case of positive identification, all effective media are to be suitably corrected via Standard Foundation Media Alteration Protocols, 912A, Twilight Zone, 943A, Poisoned Well Observational Procedure Lucid Chalice Federal observation of SCP-2747 will take place using local computing resources to procedurally generate narratives of varying levels of complexity and nestedness. Simultaneously, descriptions of the narratives are to be generated using Foundation Media Parsing Analytic Meta-Analytic Software at varying degrees of abstraction. The results can then be examined for signs of SCP-2747 by periodically scanning for data irregularities. Any generated narrative containing such irregularities can then be flagged as an instance of SCP-2747, with its seed conditions subsequently tagged as SCP-2747 conducive. Given a large enough sample size, the boundary conditions of SCP-2747 can then be identified and mapped with a sufficient degree of clarity. Furthermore, a watchlist of 7,000 artists is to be maintained and observed at all times for localized signs of SCP-2747 manifestation and their respective works, using the aforementioned analytic meta-analytic software. In order to increase the observable resolution and range of deeply nested metafictional manifestations, this watchlist should consist mainly of individuals, groups, and organizations whose works tend towards containing meta-fictional content, such as meats and unbeams, and stories within stories. The sponsoring and or covert influencing of such content creators can be sanctioned to that end. The results of Lucid Chalice will be documented within the current documentation as Appendix B. Description SCP-2747 is a phenomenon appearing in print and online media, whereby platforms dedicated to the discussion of works of fiction begin to mention a non-existent instance of fictional media. Despite said non-existence, articles, posts, comments, and other related meta-content created with regard to the non-existent work of fiction will be found treating it as real. The non-existent work of fiction can be mentioned by various individuals in varying capacities, ranging from brief mentions and forum posts to being the subject of entire academic essays. Descriptions, screenshots, photographs of physical copies, and brief segments of text from said work of fiction can often be discovered in SCP-2747-affected media. Descriptions of it are entirely consistent with each other, and it has proven possible to reconstruct whole segments of fictitious media via descriptions of it taken from SCP-2747-generated meta-content. A list of fictitious media generated by SCP-2747 has been appended below, see Appendix A. Where possible, the affected media can be traced to existing individuals. However, when questioned under duress, said individuals are barely denied having written the affected material, and deny all existence of the fictitious media mentioned within. SCP-2747 has never been documented in real time. All observed instances thus far have been recorded post hoc. No instances have been documented prior to January 2008. The reason for this is unknown, conforms to pedophysical observations documented in full in Appendix B. It is the current hypothesis of the Department of Analytics that SCP-2747 represents evidence of a naturally occurring anaphybola, or anti-narrative. A cluster of interdependent signs, iconography, and narrative set, when included to a sufficient extent within a fictional construct, leads to mutual annihilation. A narrative is defined as a base unit of a narrative, much in the same way that a myth theme denotes a base unit of myth, or a meme denotes a base unit of culture. First-hand reconstruction of the anaphybola's properties is impossible, given its anomalous nature. But second-hand and third-hand descriptions have been generated from observational procedure lucid chalice, and appended below, see Appendix B. It can affect through layers of meta-fictional narrative, such as a meta-narrative containing the anaphybola will cease to exist within a narrative, followed by the narrative itself disappearing from our reality. This interpretation of pedophysical reality, layers of meta-fictional narrative, has yet to be verified by Foundation observations at large, but appear concurrent with observations obtained from transfictional anomalies such as SCP-1304, SCP-2614, and 001. The key identifier of the anaphybola is that it invariably represents an in-universe antagonist or anathema in all manifestations of SCP-2747, likely due to inherent narrative components indicating its alien yet centralizing nature. Update The above-mentioned hypothesis has been confirmed as a working model of SCP-2747. Please refer to Appendix B. Update The following procedures are to be enacted following a successful conclusion of observational procedure lucid chalice, see Appendix B. At no time are the properties of the anaphybola as outlined in Appendix B to arise in real life, whether as a result of deliberate or natural action. Any object, person, or event bearing more than significance-level alpha to the similar threshold is to be altered via whatever means possible. Based on information regarding SCP-2747, especially the information contained within Appendix B, it is to be strictly limited to clearance levels 4, 2747, and three analytics. Due to the pathophysical implications and inherent uncontainability of SCP-2747 as detailed in Appendix B, it is to be classified as keyed with immediate effect. Partial List of Manifestations of SCP-2747 Non-existent Work Reference Punta de la Espira Medium Short Story Extent of Manifestation Seventeen articles created and edited on Wikipedia.org Summary of Work Punta de la Espira, English, tipped a spiral. It is apparently a 1951 short story by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It describes an unnamed protagonist as he sails down a river towards a desolate blackhorn mountain in order to deliver a gift to an unspecified recipient. The journey is rough and treacherous, and he dies of exhaustion at the end of the story, appearing to be no closer to his goal than when he first began. The mountain is described in detail throughout the story, with recurring metaphors alternately alluding to it as either in a boat of the gods or a demonic presence. Non-existent Work Reference Taitaro, Japanese The film's title describes itself. It is the Japanese phonetic pronunciation for the English word title. Medium, Animated Film Extent of Manifestation One article created on TVTropes.org, with fifty-five edits made to various trope pages ranging from the spare event horizon to foreshadowing and what do you mean it wasn't made on drugs. Summary of Work Taitaro appears to be an animated film directed by Satoshi Koon, shortly before his death. It is described as a psychological thriller, chronicling a struggling manga artist as she attempts to complete and publish her first work under a tight deadline. Stress takes its tolls and boundaries blur. She begins to hallucinate, and the movie ends ambiguously as to whether she has achieved her goal or succumbed to her weaknesses. Typical of Koon's style, the animation is described as meticulous, kaleidoscopic, and occasionally deeply disturbing. One scene features the protagonist physically grappling with the shadows in her apartment. Described under the trope entry for Your Mind Makes It Real as the manifestation of her creative block, which eventually engulfs and consumes her. Non-existent work referenced, No Sister of Mine, Medium, Video Game, Extent of Manifestation, seventy-seven threads on somethingawful.com, each carrying between three to one hundred and three comments. Most users were established members of the Something Awful community. Summary of Work No Sister of Mine is supposedly a term-based role-playing video game of the fantasy horror genre published by Pocahont with the Nintendo GameCube in 2005. While Pocahont existed as a major game development studio operating out of soul between 2002 and 2005, no record of No Sister of Mine has ever been found. According to reviewers, the player controls a party of six unnamed characters as they explore a ruined kingdom with the intention to find a lost companion referred to as Sister. It was widely panned by the reviewers, with much criticism being levied at the glitch-filled battle system, incoherent dialogue, seemingly incomplete graphics, repetitive soundtrack described as nauseating and headache-inducing, as well as being impossible to complete. The game's non-playable characters continuously mention a cold black thornbound tome that when read from would enable one to either obtain great power or unleash a dreadful curse. What most reviewers assumed to be the final questline required the player to backtrack through the game's previous areas and recover fragments of the tome using their new found abilities. However, the reviewers unanimously claim that no fragments can be found. One reviewer goes as far as to claim that the items themselves were never found inside the game's coding in the first place. Non-existent work reference, the Scolopendra Wiki, Medium, Collaborative Fiction, Extent of Manifestation, 49 different pieces of fanfiction, ranging from 343 to 2,401 words in length, posted on fanfiction.net, each bearing between 1 and 6 comments. Summary of work, the Scolopendra Wiki is deduced to be an online collaborative fictional universe belonging to the horror, speculative fiction, and weird fiction genres. It appears to have been hosted on some form of Wiki site, though the address itself is never mentioned. The exact nature of Scolopendra's plot is hard to discern, as the various pieces of fanfiction sport vastly different storylines and a range of character interpretations, complicated by the embalment of other fictional universes and settings. What is known is that it involves a cast of seven characters wandering between a series of realms, amassing and collecting items possessing supernatural or abnormal properties. One item features heavily throughout the compiled works, a seven-sided obsidian emblem said to possess the power to destroy any object, person, or abstract concept with a single touch. It appears to be a great interest to the protagonist, who repeatedly make attempts to acquire it. However, it also appears to be currently in the possession of a sinister, unnamed antagonist who has alluded to repeatedly in several works, yet is never seen. Non-existent work reference, I.O., Medium, Musical Album, Extentive Manifestation, review columns in a total of fourteen reputable publications, including the New Bombay Times, Pitchfork, and L.A. Flipside. Summary of Work I.O. is described as the ninth studio album by the now defunct English rock band Radiohead. It contains six tracks measuring a total of thirty-four minutes and eighteen seconds. The majority of tracks appear to consist mostly of digitally manipulated samples from Radiohead's previous albums, layered over with sparse acoustic instrumentation and vocals. Reception of the album appears to be highly positive, with the exception of Pitchfork's Jessica Green, who gave it an average review of 7.0. In particular, Green felt that the albums suffered from hasty and uncoordinated post-production, likely not undertaken by Radiohead themselves. Audio cuts between the fifth and sixth track were described to be unnecessarily jarring, given the seamless flow between every other track in the album. It is mentioned that the album uses a characteristic grating binaural reverb, layered over lead singer Tom York's solo vocal track as a musical motif. Embodied in what the New Bombay Times' Gulshan and Arud believes to be essential themes of spirals of isolation and inspiration, of feedback loops that resonate into the level of the deeply personal, the trembling core creative psyche. Anarud also mentions lyrics referencing suicide and self-harm, though presented through a series of oblique metaphors. I.O. never fears to toy with the idea of self-hatred and self-desecration, yet the album as a whole seems to fall short of its mark, always orbiting yet never quite touching upon the dreadful center. Non-existent work referenced, Mavine, Orr, a treatise on the metaphysics of interspace travel, and the Kingdom of Erechar, whose name is darkness made light, and further theological expositions thereof. Medium, Novel, Extent and Manifestation, seven articles published in a single week and various academic journals of literary criticism, each by reputable scholars. Summary of Work Mavine is described as the contents of a manuscript in a company Charcoal Illustrations, found in the House of Earthabula Abrahames in 2014. Abrahames appears to have been a reclusive writer and artist, working as a maintenance technician in Bloom-bound Tain, South Africa, and clinically diagnosed with schizophrenia. A number of individuals partially mask this description, though no work similar to Mavine exists. Mavine is a nested frame narrative written in Africans, purporting to be a novel by a 17th century Dutch mystic. It describes the journey of the mystic, whose name is only given as moss, learning of the structure of the Earth's interior as revealed to him in a vision. At the beginning of the novel, moss trains of a supernatural being that is aware of its nature as a dream entity, and is highly indebted to moss for bringing it into existence. In exchange, it promises to divulge the moss to secrets of the Earth. Moss being comporial is unable to pass through the ground, and so the being decides to simply narrate the journey. It speaks of six realms demarcated by thresholds, ranging from the realm of treasure and minerals to an intangible plane of light and sound. Beyond these six realms lies another threshold, this time one of cold and silence, which is described to be the Earth's core. Or it can be elaborated upon, moss awakes and the dream ends. Non-existent work referenced, X-Lux, Medium, Interactive Novel, Extent of Manifestation, in-death post of seven different fiction review blogs, along with a mention in a Time magazine article on experimental narrative forms. The End Question Mark Chow, Ingrid, Time, Issue 35, 2008 The title is also mentioned in 175 Twitter posts, largely in the context of recommending it as an interesting, if underrated piece of interactive fiction. Summary of Work X-Lux appears to be a work of interactive fiction of the mystery genre, written in a mixture of English, Catalan, and Spanish. It is presented as a set of epistolary narratives, from the points of view of six characters in a stream of consciousness narration of ambiguous provenance. Readers navigate between the seven-story threads, discovering hints of a murder, or several murders. Eventually the narratives converge on a roadside diner during a thunderstorm, and the characters exchanged their stories. From here, the resultant narrative structure cannot adequately be described as simple framing devices or stories within stories, as the inner tales eventually begin to intertwine such that later tales shed new light on ones recounted earlier, or themselves link to segments of text earlier on in the narrative at the lengthy detours. At several points, characters attempt to consult a testimony of an absent individual, referred to as the stranger. The identity of the murderers or victims is never known, nor does a story have a conventional ending. Appendix B Observations and Conclusions from Lucid Chalice


Deep eutectic solvents, DESs, can be used to improve the absorption of proteins after subcutaneous injection. This novel approach has been shown to increase the absorption of monoclonal antibodies, MABS, by up to 200%, and insulin by up to three times faster than the current gold standard. DESs reduce the interactions between proteins and the subcutaneous matrix, particularly collagen, resulting in improved absorption. These findings suggest that DESs could provide a general solution for improving protein absorption after subcutaneous injections. This article was authored by Alexander M. Correree, J. Young Kim, Michael Dunn, and others.


This study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of Montingia calibura L. Lees was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Additionally, it identified one active spot on the bio-autography test, suggesting that this spot may contain compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity. This article was authored by Risky H. Mowarty, Nanix Cilistiani, Nercocena Nercocena, and others.


Hi you guys! Lindsay here. Welcome back to my channel, Inside the Hymn. I know we are still in the throes of summer, at least those of us in the northern hemisphere, but I couldn't resist whipping up some pants. These high-waisted, wide-legged, cropped trousers are going to be perfect to help me transition into fall and will hopefully serve me well through some of the winter months as well. Do they look familiar at all to you? They should! Who remembers these coral pants I sewed for the Stylemaker Fabrics Spring Style Tour? They ended up fitting so well that I made another pair, and if you know me, that says a lot, because I struggle with finding flattering pants patterns that fit my pair shape. The pattern is Vogue 1620, a Talman Linda Platt design. According to Vogue's website, they are described as very loose-fitting through hip and worn above the waist and have waist facings with boning, front pleats, back darts, and invisible back zipper. To get the perfect cropped length, I ended up taking more than a foot off the hem. The fabric is actually a freebie from Perone Fabrics during my first trip to the New York City Garment District back in 2015. They had a bin under the table with a bunch of remnants, and for whatever reason, the owner told me I could have this one for free. It's some sort of suiting, but I have absolutely no idea what it is for sure. Perone has sadly since closed down as well, so this is kind of like a tribute to them. When I got it, I knew I wanted to make some pants from it, or maybe a blazer, but I'm glad I held out for this pattern because I love the drape and structure the fabric gives the pants. It's sturdy enough to hold up to that fitted waistline, but flowy enough to allow that wide leg to drape somewhat close to the body. I've paired my new black pants with a Hey June Biscayne blouse in a fabric that I won in a contest held by fabrics and fabrics. Fun fact and a little side note, fabrics and fabrics still hold this weekly contest on Facebook, so be sure to head over there, follow their page, and I think maybe on Wednesdays they tell you how to enter their weekly fabric giveaway. Either way, so this means my entire outfit cost me zero freaking dollars. How amazing is that? I mean, I guess I technically paid for the patterns and the thread and the needles that I used and all of that stuff, but the fabric was all totally free for this whole outfit. I have a video review of the Biscayne blouse as well. Click on the card in the top right corner of your screen now to watch it.  I really hope you let my new pants as much as I do. They are definitely a labor of love with all the boning, but I think it is so worth it. I am thinking of some other ways to wear them. Would you guys be interested in a styling video featuring these pants, showing you some different ways to wear them? Either way, let me know what you think of the pants in the comments or by giving this video a thumbs up. And if this is your first time on my channel, be sure to subscribe. I have a lot more videos just like this one planned for the next few weeks. But until then, that's going to do it for me today. Thank you so much for watching. I will see you all very soon. Bye!


Being every lady's dream man, kind of guy, does not make you a perfect man. If you're sincere with yourself, you will realize that there are certain habits you indulge in, publicly or privately, that isn't right for you. Just as you learn good habits, you also need to do away with bad ones, if you want to achieve an all-round growth. Hence, in this video, I will share with you 19 things you need to stop doing as a man. 1. Cussing Too Much An anonymous writer once wrote, Real men know that vulgarity doesn't breed character and virtue. Whether as a joke or in anger, you need to stop the insults. Although cussing is familiar with both male and female folks, it is frequent with the males. The constant use of foul language drags us down and undermines mutual respect. Like every other bad habit, when it is mastered, cussing is hard to stop. Besides, someday you will be a father and cussing is not a good example for your kids. 2. Smoking According to statistics, in just the United States alone, about 500,000 deaths are attributed to smoking-related diseases annually. It is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths globally. Not only does smoking lead to a shortened lifespan, it also causes premature skin aging. Bad breath, yellowing of teeth and health complications do those around you. You're shocked, right? Studies have shown that non-smoke is exposed to second-hand smoke at risk of many health problems associated with direct smoking. 3. Messing Up the Kitchen Maybe you have been told that a man's place is not in the kitchen. Hence, you pay little or no attention to washing dishes after having a meal. Well, it is high time you got over that mindset and learned to practice personal hygiene. Not only does being on hygienic lead to sickness, but it also is a stain on your personality.  Real men learn to cook, clean up their plates and tidy up their surroundings. 4. Hanging Out with Lazy Friends You are the average of the five people you constantly hang out with. Heard of that quote by Jim Rohn?  The attitude of your friends has a very high tendency to influence your perspective as well. If the people you hang out with do not motivate or inspire you to be better than you already are, then you should quit being around them because sooner or later you will go down from good to worse. 5. Being Careless About Your Looks Many men do not care about their looks. They dwell on the silly mentality that it matters how you perform, not how you look. Just strive to fill your pockets and forget about your appearance. Contrary to the belief of many, looking good is not only to attract the opposite gender. Impressions matter in real and fundamental ways that affect a man's daily life. From how he is greeted when meeting others, for the first time, to whether or not he'll be harassed while travelling. So stop being careless about your looks. You don't need to be at the top of every trend but pay attention to your basic everyday appearance. 6. Thinking You Are Entitled Having an entitlement mindset is not the way to live life.  American writer Steve Maraboli once asserted that a sense of entitlement is a cancerous thought process that is void of gratitude and can be deadly to our relationships. Stop feeling entitled. No one owes you anything. 7. Comparing Yourself With Others Many men have become depressed to the extent that they think about taking their own lives just because they feel terrible about themselves and their lives. They look at other people's lives and wish that they had what these people have. The upsurge of social media has even made matters worse, as young men do the wrong things because of the fake stuff they see online. Stop wishing you weren't someone else's shoes. Stop comparing. 8. Watching Too Much TV Watching TV, Petite, Integally well-written dramas and sports can be an excellent way to unwind. However, you must bear in mind that TV is not your life and after spending so much time watching the TV, you still have to face reality. The bills are still there. Spending three hours every night watching sports will not change your life for the better. Instead, use that time to read books and learn new skills. 9. Making Assumptions Instead of assuming that your partner is having an affair, why don't you instead try to ask questions? Many men have destroyed their relationships and lost various opportunities because of that singular act of assumption. It is wrong to base your conclusion and reactions on mere assumptions. Stop assuming things. Be the type of man that concludes facts and details. 10. Blaming People This life is yours to live, whether you're happy, of value and successful, or sad, bitter and miserable. It is all on you. It is not the result of anything other than your choices and decisions. So it would help if you quit the habit of blaming other people and situations for the misfortune you encounter. Start taking control of your life, your thoughts and choices and stop blaming others for your lack of anything. 11. Gossiping Gossip is weak, yet it dominates conversations. Even though there is general speculation that gossip is a woman's thing, many men indulge in it. If you have the habit of talking negatively about people when they are not around, you must stop. And if you enter a conversation and it turns to gossip, excuse yourself from the conversation. Real men don't discuss other people. They talk about ideas and ways to better their lives. 12. Wasting Money Stop wasting your money on unnecessary things. The fact is that many of the things you are purchasing are items you don't need. Why would you buy another headphone when you don't need it? Stop buying something just because of coupons or flash sales. Stop throwing money away in the name of lottery and gambling. Stop buying excess food. Stop making impulse purchases. Give and invest your money instead. Or better still, give them out to charity. 13. Over-eating Junk Junk food such as fries, highly processed burgers and sodas have become a staple for many men today. However, a study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenney suggests that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a way similar to addictive drugs like cocaine and heroin. Indeed, it is almost impossible to wipe out junk food from your diet right away completely. But you can reduce their consumption and you should. 14. Giving Up Easily How do you feel when you try out something for the first three times without succeeding? Sad, angry, depressed or defeated? Well, it is only reasonable to feel sad and even angry. The anger can push you to put in more effort. But if you are the type of person who always feels depressed and defeated and tend to give up at every slightest fall, you have to change that attitude. 15. Waiting for the Perfect Job Owing to their desires for huge salaries, many young men tend to miss opportunities. They reject jobs that can offer them the chance to grow, their network and expand their skillsets because they assume that the salary is too small. Stop wasting time and throwing opportunities away in the name of waiting for the perfect job. Instead, focus on the job that equips you with skills and networks. 16. Being a Prisoner of Fear Many men do not pursue their dreams because they are bound by fear. If you must be a successful individual, you must stop break-free and stop being a prisoner of fear. Everybody does feel scared certain times. However, if you ever have plans of making it in life, you must be brave enough to combat that fear and pursue the things that you want. 17. Nail-Biting Nail-Biting is not only unhygienic, it can lead to health issues such as dental, malocclusion of the anterior teeth, stomach ache and deformed fingernails in the long run. Also, the habit is addictive. You may find yourself biting your nails in public. Imagine biting your nails in a meeting with potential clients. As minor as it seems, the nail-biting is socially repelling and may cause you to lose huge offers. Thus, as much as you can, you must learn to practice self-awareness so that you can combat the bad habit. 18.  According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, drinking too much, whether on a single occasion or over time, can seriously damage your health. It causes complications like brain problems, liver disease, different types of cancer, etc. Now you know how harmful drinking can be. So, stop. 19. Being Late For Appointments Apart from the fact that being late shows disrespect, it reveals that you have a troubled life. The activities of a disorganized person includes always rushing from one place to another, playing catch-up in your schedule and having to apologize to every person you meet. There is no benefit attached to being a perpetual latecomer. Hence, you want to develop the habit of being punctual to gatherings. Everything on this list certainly doesn't apply to every single man. However, read through it, hold on to a theme or two that affects you and hopefully learn to be a better man. 19. Being Late For Appointments


ولكن المجموعة التي لا تجد أي القرآن هو أنه من الله ، هذا القرآن هو من الله ، تبارك وتعالى. ولذلك ، أمام الغزالي ، ورحمه الله ، أمام الغزالي ، كانت تسأل ، أمام زركشي برينزي في قرآن العلوم القرآن ، لأن أمام الغزالي كانت تسأل ، أفلا يتدبرون القرآن أم على قلوب أقفالها ، فلا يتدبرون القرآن ، وإذا كان من عملي غير الله ، لوجد فيه اختلاف كثيرا ودزمين. ثم فقدت أن اختلاف الله فضل ، مشتراكون بين معاني ، وقد تت when say the word is different and it is shared with many other words. It is a word shared with many other words. It is a word shared with many others. Like in Arabic the word is the eye. It is actually the eye. The gold is called an eye. The place where the water springs from her is called an eye. ها لفت مشترك لفت which is مشترك many use it together so here the word اختلاف is like that وليس المراد the intent here is not enough you اختلاف in nasifi the ayah's money saying ولو كان من عند غير الله اللي وجدوا فيه اختلاف كثيرا is a that you would have found differences and disagreements in the Qur'an contradictions this is not trying to say that the human beings are not going to differ upon the Qur'an let's know what the اختلافية is not talking about the subjective side of humans in other words yes you guys may differ amongst yourselves on the Qur'an that's not what the ayah is negating he is saying بالنفع الاختلاف and that's the Qur'an but what is negated is that the Qur'an in its essence does it have contradiction like does the Qur'an have any ayah لا the Qur'an in and with itself is different but now we may have deficiency in our understanding so here my beloved brothers and sisters is the differences is what اختلاف with that Qur'an the اختلاف within the Qur'an in and within itself that's what the ayah is negating as for the اختلاف that occurs from within the people somebody reads an ayah he takes something out of it another one comes he takes something else out of it هذا لا يعني that doesn't mean that the ayah has done this it is that these people one of them lacks the tools to understand the ayah and some scholars they explain that those who have come with the people who come with اختلاف on the Qur'an is for one of these reasons and Imam Al-Shartimi explains it ابن القيم explains it زركشي in his كتابة they all mention it سيوطر رحمة الله اتقان they all mention it which is what it is either the person lacks the ability of understanding that this verse is abrogated so there is no contradiction there is no contradiction it is abrogated or one of them is general and the other one is specific and the specific takes president over the general or one of it is restricted and the other one is unrestricted and the restricted takes president over the one that is not restricted or one of them is what ambiguous and the other one is clear and the clear one explains the ambiguous or the timing when the verse came down and the حكومة who was speaking about is khasr is specific to the Prophet and shares it with him or any other any other of those issues the point is those tools are missing from a person so one is holding on to an ayah which is a'am and the other one is holding on to an ayah which is khas they both think that there is a contradiction between their statements or one is holding on to a verse that is abrogated and the other one is holding on to the one that abrogated so here there is no contradiction and the word جمع is very simple امام الشارط رحمة الله He also said a statement of his that I think is very important that I bring it to you all if you go to the كتاب الموافقات by Imam al-Shartimi which is the fifth volume page 341 he says he says and this is this statement of Shartimi actually goes a bit further and Imam al-Shartimi says امام al-Shartimi negates not only does the Qur'an not have contradiction not only the Qur'an it's not only the Qur'an rather evidences don't have contradiction any evidences the أدلة الشرعية that are صحيحة correct he said كل every أدلة الصحيحة شرعية they can't الكتاب والسنة والإجماع and the قياس which is صحيح are you with me there's no contradiction there's no contradiction he says he says the following كل من تحقق بأصول الشريعة فأدلتها عنده لا تكاد تتعرض كما أن كل من حقق ما نارط المسائل فلا يكاد يقف في متشابه لأن الشريعة لا تعارض فيها البتة فالمتحقق بها متحقق بما في نفس الأمر فيلزم أن لا يكون عنده تعارض ولذلك لا تجد البتة دليل أجمع المسلمون على تعارضهم بحيث وجب عليهم الوقوف لكن لما كان المجتهدين غير معصومين من الخطأ أم كان التعارض بين الأدلة عندهم المام الشارطة يقول أي شخص who reaches the reality of understanding the fundamental legislations كل everyone من تحقق anybody who he reaches the reality بأصول الشريعة the fundamental legislation of the sharia الكتاب سنة والإجماع فأدلتها all those evidences of the sharia عنده لا تتكادت تعارض no contradiction in any way form a shape he won't find them that's when he knows جعام وخاص ومطلق ومجمل ومبين نصق he knows it all كما just like أن كل من حقق مناطل المسائل فلا يقف في متشابين and anybody who understands the manate manate meaning the reason anyone who comes to understand من حقق مناطل المسائل he comes to understand the reasonings of a legislation فلا يقف في متشابين that person will never stand on an ambiguous verse آيات which are متشابي he will never go with it لأن الشريعة because to him الشريعة لا تعارض فيها البتة there is no contradictions in this فالمتحقق بها متحقق بما في نفس الأمر and the one who understood those as it is then realizes the real because now he's become close to the reality of the matter in other words the Quran there's a perception a person can take from it your perception can be deficient like in and within itself once you've understood the Quran properly with its tools you've now become emerged with the reality of the ayah and not your weak perception فيلزم اللي يكون عنده تعارض so to this person there is it becomes unnecessary and it never occurs that there is contradiction with him ولذلك لا تجد البتة دليلين and this is the qa'id he brings and because of that you're never gonna find two evidences this is qa'id qa'id one needs to ولذلك and because of that لا تجد you will never find البتة whatsoever دليلين two evidences أجمع المسلمون which the Muslims unanimously agree upon على تعرضهما you find a contradiction in it impossible it is impossible two evidences which the Muslims have unanimously agreed upon the Muslims are all in agreement to this evidence it's impossible for you to find a contradiction in it واجب عليهم وقوف it's contradicted itself to an extent where you have to withhold and say I don't know وقف لا you'll never find that now what's the reason why we find some لكي لما كان أفراج المجتهدين but one individual scholars of each tihad who are غير معصومين and they are not infallible from mistakes من الخطأ from shortcomings أم كانت تعرض بين الأدلة عندهم then it became possible for contradiction to occur according to them when they became some scholars were مجتهدين who fell into shortcoming I mean they were how did they find it fall into shortcoming either they are sticking to an عام and they haven't seen the خاص yet so some evidence are contradicting themselves for them due to the fact that they haven't seen this خاص or this evidence for them it is what this evidence for them is there's no evidence for them to abrogate it so they haven't seen they are holding onto it so when a shortcoming came on their side then it became possible for contradiction to come from the best or to seem to be there also شيخ الإسلامي بلوتيميا رحمه الله تعالى شيخ الإسلامي بلوتيميا he said رحمه الله in his مجموع الفتاة the 17th volume page 394 he says رضه له من الشبه وعال من المحكم متبع له مؤمن بالمتشابه لا يقصد فتنة فا دا لم يدومه الله here's an issue that one needs to understand for himself understand for himself which is some people may say some people may say if I keep asking questions about آيات المتشابه I'm scared that I'm gonna fall into the آية of who الذي أنزل عليك الكتاب منه آيات محكمات هنأم الكتاب يقصد فتاة يقصد فتاة مؤمن بالمتشابه but I'm following آيات المتشابه if I keep asking questions about these verses which are ambiguous I'm worried and I'm concerned that I might fall into this verse I might have a serious consequences the day of judgment so how do I get out of this but then this آية seems to contradict itself to me what shall I do شيخ الإسلامي بلوتيميا he says if you're asking about this meaning of this verse which is متشابه the reason why you're doing it is so you can lift yourself from ignorance or to remove this doubt has come to you and you are a person who is in belief and knows the محكم you love the محكم you know the verses need to be taken back to the محكم you appreciate that concept of the ambiguous verses the unclear verses are taken back to the verses which are clear and you're one who follows the محكم whenever it's brought to you you also why us follow the محكم then the sheikh said and you're not intending fitna from this then the sheikh said this is not what the ayah is referring to this is not what the ayah is referring to أليمام الشارطبي also also said the same in his كتاب رحمه الله تعالى in his الموافقات sorry أليمام الشارطبي أليمام الشارطبي he says in this song على كل حال brothers this issue of dealing of verses that seem to be going against each other is it something new ayat which are seem to contradict itself that requires for it to be explained and for it to be clarified is it something that just started recently or is it something that you would find in the كتب of the تفسير and books is it something that Sahabas would do now the scholars of books of تفسير if you read them and you look at them you'll find it and even if you look at the أثار والسلف الصالح the pious predecessors from the Sahabas and the students of the Sahabas and the students of the Sahabas you will find that they do respond to these issues phrase for instance if you look at رضي الله تعالى عنهما عبد الله بن عباس there was an individual who used to always come to him and his name is نافع الأزرق نافع الأزرق was a khariji and the group the أزارق the أزارق which is a فرق from the groups of the khawarij he was the one they attributed themselves to he's the leader and he used to come to نافع نافع used to come to عبد الله بن عباس a lot and would try to sometimes throw things at ابن عباس and ابن عباس will respond to him and would give him answers also the same is مقاتل مسلمان البلخي who died in year 115 as Imam أبو الحسين أبو الحسين الملطي who was in his كتاب التنبيه والرد على أهل الأهواء والبداع also the same with محمد ابن المستنير النحوي who is well known for his name بقط ربن ودالية 260 جريا is a book which is الرد على الملحدين في تشابه القرآن إمام أحمد for example ودالية 200 جريا رحمه الله إذا بقو الرد على which he deals with verses which are آيات وصفان which they distorted and they played around with he bought them back he took the the doubts that he bought it and he bought it to his correct تفسير and correct meaning إبن قطيبة مثلا he has a book called تأويل مشكل القرآن تفسير of verses of the Quran doubts or the مشكلات دلع in the Quran again you find أبو الحسين الملطي الباقلاني he has a book called الانتصاري للقرآن victory to the Quran you will find أصوأ القادة عبد الجبارة المعتزلي who is married to أبو الحسنة الأشعري his mom is the father-in-law أبو الحسنة الأشعري he left إعتزال which was the first stage because he went through three stages أزيما مبلو كثير منجز في الكتاب البداية ونهاية أصوأ عساكن منجز في الكتاب تبين كذب المسترى that he was married to أبو الحسنة الأشعري his mom they debated about some issues and he left him after he wasn't convinced with him نعم also other scholars have written books aim the issue of إمام العزم العبد السلام he has a book called فوائد في مشكل القرآن في مشكل القرآن he has a book called فوائد في مشكل القرآن he has a book called فوائد في مشكل القرآن he has a book called في مشكل القرآن في مشكل القرآن and others there are many many books that are written so the efforts the juhud the efforts of the scholars in trying to combine and bring the verses together to show that these verses are not contradicting one another is excessive and large in number but but writing a particular book on just getting the آية and how to reconcile the verses آية and to reconcile it just specifically on this field like this we have no book from it except this book written by which is there were books that were written before him but they didn't reach us they're we don't have them the one that we have today in our hands that has singled out this topic to deal with verses that seem to be contradicting one another the first individual was ألمان محمد من شكرا some may say what about the the book that you mentioned which is الرد على الملحدين في تشابه القرآن as I said to you this book as it's clear from its name but it is مفقود we don't have it also the كتاب دور الكلمات على ورع الآيات المهمة للتعارض والشبوهات both of them are مفقود we don't have them they're lost now some books were said to be lost and then later in life were found it happens but for now no one's seen it and no one's mentioned it anywhere so it's in the world of the unseen we don't know where it is if Allah brings it فنعيم مهي good it will be but for now this is the book we have written by الشيخ محمد الأمين الشنقيطة رحمه الله after الشيخ محمد الأمين الشنقيطة everybody took their pen and paper and every single or a lot of scholars they try to write books on it and there are more than 30 رسائل جامعية from them بيانوا في دفع التعارض المتوهمة بين آيات القرآن محمد أبو النور الحديدي دعا دعا دعا دعا قض بين النصوص القرآن الكريب تاريخوها آيات العقيدة التي قد يوهب ظاهرها التعارض مهم للاختلاف والتناقض في القرآن وأراء العلماء فيه مهم للاختلاف والتناقض في القرآن لنظر سالمانجستر دعا وطاعرينها في القرآن الكريم في القرن الرابع عشرة الهجر والرد عليها دفع التعارض المتوهم المتوهم بين آيات القرآن الكريم في العقيد الدراسة تفسيرية تحليلية they went and they wrote a lot of books on it there's a point that I need to mention before we go into the now that we have understanding of it which is there are some things he left out and remember the issue of the issue of تعارض is subjective something you might see as to be تعارض another person say well that's crystal clear and another person so because it's subjective sometimes you find he would even mention things that you would think to yourself where's the تعارض here for me this was crystal clear no problem with this but he wrote it رحمة الله because of because there was and he saw some people had that doubt when I mention where he based his book on the sheikh رحمة الله he based his book on three things when he wrote it the sheikh based on questions and doubts that were put in and he wrote it before him and he saw it from books as we're going to see later he brought some of the doubts that were written in the كتاب الرد على الجهمية وزلان دقا بايمة محمد and he brings answers from it so these were things that were there before him so he brings those so that's one type the second one are issues that the sheikh saw that he put forward the scholars they put it forward from the angle of مباحة research they just get out by themselves they just bring the point up and then they respond to it in their own books when they're researching an issue or tackling an issue or saying in a تفسير لسن like don't confuse it with this IEL for instance the sheikh wrote that as a تعارف or the third one which is he himself رحمة الله things that he saw that could be taken as a تعارف IELT which he thought himself that these IELT it could be IELT could be taken as a تعارض and a contradiction can come from it and he mentions that رحمة الله تعالى in his عذب النمير he mentions that in his عذب النمير he says إن من عاداتنا from our norms is التي نجري عليها في هذه الدروس from our norms and the things that we're going to be doing in his lessons is أن نتعرض لما نظن أنه يسأل عنه طلبة العلم to to present ourselves to or to deal with things that we may think that the students will ask so we'll probably we'll try to proceed you in it الشيخ will do that رحمة الله so those are the three عليه رحمة الله he himself as I said before he left and he missed out some things and I said the point of missing out is subjective some of them he's student الشيخ عطية سالم brings it شيخ عطية سالم brings it he mentioned some things and as I said to you before الشيخ عطية سالم تيمي says قد يشكيلو قد يشكيلو قد يشكيلو على هذا ما يعرفوا هذا sometimes something may become ambiguous and unclear to you but it might become it's well known to him and he's well he's a well aware of it so اشكال that may occur for you may not occur for somebody so again it's subjective it's very it's subjective but there are some things that عطية سالم who's the student of شيخ محمد عميل شرقدي put forward himself many places when he's because he has a as I said he carried on عطية سالم for example the word عبس وتولى you see this when عبس وتولى he came and the professor said when he faced to scold they could seem a contradiction with the eye وإنك على خلق عظيم you have high caliber and high characteristics but then the professor said he's faced شيخ محمد عميل شرقدي didn't speak about this in his kitab that we're going to see so he goes and speaks about it ولم أقف على جواب لذلك I have not found an answer from our شيخ محمد عميل شرقدي we are going to see ولم يتعرض له شيخ when he said the sheikh didn't go towards this رحمة الله تعالى علينا رحمه الله رحمة الله علينا وعليه ما يتعرضون في دفع إيهام إيهام والإيهام والذي يظهر what it seems to be apparent to me عطية سالم is and Allah knows best is أنه لا يتأت معه لأنه لم يتكلم بما يسيء إلى هذا الصحابي فيه نفسه بشيء وفا يزعيدو وعندما this Sahabi was blind the prophet had no bad manners with him because he couldn't see this he could not have seen it so the prophet didn't deal with him with anything that is bad manners because he doesn't know what happened doesn't make sense bad manners is you deal with a person in that which they are capable of feeling from you or they get from you and there are other things that he mentions محمد عطية عطية سالم now what we need to understand is he himself محمد عطية brings in his own أضواء البيان some things the آيات which are ظاهره التعارض he mentioned it but he never mentioned what he did to him he doesn't mention what he did to him in the ضرب في آياته الكتاب but he mentions what he did to him so what he can do is that he can get those and maybe make it bigger maybe make it bigger and do another دمع on it the last point that I'm going to conclude with this introduction إن شاء الله is الشيخ رحمه الله in this book of his he organized the Quran according to how it is that he put it in the sequence صورة الفاتحة صورة البقرة صورة آلي عمران صورة النساء and he went on like that every صورة he brought what contradiction that may seem in that verse صورة he brought it عليها رحمة الله the vastness صورة البقرة but he finished it he goes on like that and then he goes to النساء and he goes on like that there are 12 صورات he never brought 12 صورات the sheikh didn't bring صورة الفاتحة صورة الشرح صورة الشرح صورة البينا صورة التكاثر صورة الهومازة صورة الفين صورة القريش الكاثر النصر المسد الإخلاص الفلق and that the overall matters or the overall مسائل that the sheikh dealt with if you count it is 242 242 is what he dealt with رحمة الله تعالى of إشكالات and topics he explained عليه رحمة الله مع الله بما سيفهم without any further ado إن شاء الله تعالى we will بإذن الله الكريم we will start the book بإذن الله الكريم