Then we'll turn to our speaker for today, who's Alexander McLeary, and she's going to talk about Ayer, memorabilia, archaeological evidence of land use patterns at the Pueblo de Abacue. Thank you, Rosemary. So I should just say that I teach right after at one o'clock. So this is going to be a very, very short, very short round bag, but there's a lot to get through. So I'm just going to go ahead and start. But I will be talking slightly more fast than I should. But anyways, so the Hinesito Pueblo de Abacue was established as a land grant to approximately 20 Hinesito Indian families by the Spanish crown in 1754 in the northern frontier of the Spanish Empire. The term Hinesito describes Native American youths and their descendants who were captured and sold into indentured servitudes in hispanic homes. Abacue, along with other Hinesito land grants such as Valen and San Miguel de Vado, represented a unique experiment in Spanish colonial policy. It was a compromise between racially motivated ideologies that ordinarily prohibited persons of non-Spanish descent from a land ownership and the Spaniard's desire to maintain their precarious existence in the northernmost frontiers of their empire. Hinesito Indians embodied this compromise as indigenous, baptized indigenous persons living in Spanish communities. The arrangement was favorable to the Spanish colonial government, as I mentioned, as Hinesito land grants were purposely placed in buffer areas between Spanish allied Pueblo settlements and hostile nomadic tribes. Despite the constant threat of raids, land grants of this nature were also, to a certain extent, desirable to Hinesito families as it granted them vicino or land-owning status. Tactical performances of Hispanic culture by Hinesito individuals were deployed for the purposes of defending their legal claims to environmental resources for maintaining Hinesito status over time. Furthermore, the development of pre-existing ties to other indigenous communities allowed for the development of trade relationships with otherwise hostile indigenous groups through networks of kinship and trade. Anglo-American incursions from the mid-19th century onwards brought yet another level of economic and political entanglements. The annexation of New Mexico by the U.S. in 1846 represented a considerable shift in the racial politics of the region. In contrast to the Spanish colonial racial ideology of the Sistema de Casta, the ideological tendency of Anglo-Americans tended to confound race and culture. This reality, together with the desire to possess as much land as possible, provided the U.S. with the motivation to circumvent the Treaty of Guadalupe and nullify communal land holdings previously recognized by the Spanish and Mexican governments in New Mexico, including those of Abacue. The Americans justified their policy with the assertion that Hinesito Indians were, quote, half-breed Indians. They assigned this term because the Hinesito Indians adopted several elements of Spanish culture, including language and religion, and were therefore not eligible for the same legal protections afforded to their neighboring Pueblo Indians. The term Hinesito has also carried negative misogynistic connotations in the Spanish and Mexican world, and thus was not a term by which persons of Indo-Hispanic descent might have self-identified. Despite these complications, Abacue has been unique in its ability to remain a corporate entity while retaining most of its communal lands. The community is currently undergoing a period of cultural revitalization, and many current and former Hinesito communities look to Abacue as they continue to strategize for the preservation of their land grants and communal culture. So this dissertation is part of a community mandated project to increase our knowledge of the history of the Hinesos of Abacue and to contribute to the efforts to renew local interest in Hinesito heritage. So community involvement in this project has occurred at every stage of the process, including but not limited to the development of research questions, methodologies, and locating excavation sites. So one of the ways that we do this is by making ourselves, well first of all, my project goes under the umbrella of the Berkeley Abacue Collaborative Archeology Project, which other archaeologists at Berkeley are involved in, including notably Professor Jensen Theron. And so one of the ways that we really tried to make this truly a collaborative process was to make ourselves very visible to the community, and at the various stages of the process. This is a copy, I know you can't read it, of little postcards that I distributed in advance of beginning excavations with Q&As, my contact information, my mug shots, so it would be readily identifiable. Some questions, also a stipulation that this was a community-based project, and any member of the Abacue community had the authority to stop us from working if they considered our presence problematic. We had really daily interactions with members of the community at our sites. We reported to the community onsite as the field school progressed, the excavations progressed, so you can see a flyer that was distributed onsite. And another thing was, and one of the concerns of the community elders was to ensure that Abacue youth were being involved in the project, and thanks to a funding secured by Pride June, we were able to pay young Abacue students for their labor as they learned basic excavation skills. So this was a big selling point. And another thing that we agreed to do as part of a Abacue project was to conduct ground penetrating radar on the sites before excavating. This was mostly to ensure that we would not accidentally uncover human remains. It also, of course, helps us target particular areas for excavations. But running GPR well in advance of excavation proved to be a kind of blessing because it allowed us to have time to make our presence known in the Pueblo that folks could recognize our faces and ask us questions and to encourage dialogue and identify any potential sources of conflict in advance of actual excavation. And this turned out to have happened. There was a bit of a snafu during our GPR trips, one of the GPR trips. I had originally planned to excavate in a particular location of the plaza very close to where the 2014 excavation occurred. So right here was my original area that had been approved by the board of Abacue, the community board. As it turned out, the small area of the plaza had three separate owners and its own share of concerned neighbors. So right before we were to begin our GPR work, literally the day we came on site, one of the property owners backed out, which was unknown to us, and one of our community partners actually informed me when I got on site. But immediately multiple families came forward and came forward and offered their properties for the purpose of excavation, which was very, very heartening. On that same trip, as we started working on the last site, the largest one, Abacue 3, that you see in blue, doesn't look the largest on that map, which is an area that's very visible from the plaza. One person actually purchased that distance and made it very clear that they did not want us on site and sort of yell at us from a distance to leave. And I try to explain what I was doing, introduce myself, but it was dialogue wasn't there. So the story gets a bit more complicated, but long story short, we did stop working. We pulled out the grid that we had just finished preparing and sort of prepared to pack up and go home. But as I was doing that, I immediately started texting some of my friends in the Pueblo to tell them what was going on. And they were able to be cleared quite quickly of the situation. It was really just a misunderstanding.  And then, you know, we, yeah, it was always well. But it was during that sort of little exciting interlude that I got that inspired the title of this talk or part of the title for this talk, Ayed Memorias. One of the property owners was consoling me during this time, you know, as we were waiting to work things out.  And he said, yeah, I'll teach you, I'll teach you a saying in Spanish. You can practice it. And he wrote it down. And it said, Ayed Memorias, mañana sueños o la chingada, which I will not translate. Okay. So I was already explaining the situation. So it really resonated with me, not just because it sort of humorously expressed my current sentiment, but it also had a temporal dimension to it, you know, and evoked memories of Abacue in years past, the challenges it faced and continues to face, and also its hope for the future. And so as I move on to, you know, the clear segue to thinking about what was Abacue like in the past? What were the experiences of its inhabitants who come from diverse ethnic backgrounds, yet share in a common history of colonial trauma as a result of slave trade and precarious social economic positioning on the lower rungs of Spanish colonial racial hierarchies? How is Abacue constituted? How might we understand the lived experiences of its residents? What social relationships are expressed through the consumption of foods and goods? How do these differ based on their occurrence in larger communal gatherings or fiestas during which the community might come together in celebration of a common history and identity as Abacue seños versus a more private and familial setting? How do they organize themselves and project the image of a casino or landowner status? How do they organize themselves from the very real threat to the security of their families and livestock? The excavations of 2016 gives us the means through which we can begin to answer these questions. So the rest of my talk will be just introducing you to some of the sites that we excavated in 2016. So this is, yeah, a map, a general map of Abacue. You can see the Plaza area. I don't have a laser pointer, I apologize, on the top right area of the corner. And you can see just at the southern end of the Sitia, part of the land grant, you can see the location of Abacue 1. Here's a bit of a close-up. So it's located just at our server area is located just at the base of this southern boundary wall that encompassed Abacue. And there were and is now actually located within an orchard, which is and also was a little area for some livestock and was gated off. And so that's why the server area was so small because we couldn't really get around everything else that was there. But there was an oral history, oral historical tradition that suggested that there was a Torion or a watchtower in this location. So we thought it would be interesting to explore that possibility. It's certainly located in the right place, like right southern boundary wall exposed to an area through which raiding parties might come through. And you know the GPR informed where we were working. We didn't find, unsurprisingly, the foundations of the Torion we found potentially wall-like feature located there. So it's kind of interesting. It's just a close-up of that. And we did find a couple, there weren't many artifacts, but we found a couple that were like communions interesting. We can start to construct a narrative around lack of artifacts and presence of lithic arrows. This is a Torion that's located away from Abacue but close to it. So these would have been very large structures. Okay, moving on to Abacue 2. So this Abacue 2 is a location of a small casita, a small house that had the reputation of being one of the older buildings in the pueblo. It was built using the Hacal structure which is wooden beams set close together and then covered in clay. It's a much quicker way to build a structure than using the Adobe brick. So they usually put up first. We had a couple good historical photos to help guide our excavations as well, the location of our units. So this is actually a picture to the right of what the structure looked like in the early 20th century. And here's just a map rendering of the site. And so that's that portion, right? That's still extant. This portion is actually that portion that part of the room block is no longer standing. And right in between somebody had built around the 30s and 40s that we can see in some other historical photographs, we can see somebody added an additional room constructed out of Adobe brick. So we decided to try to find the Hacal structure, which we were able to. Actually, this map is incomplete. The Hacal did go through C2 and C3 as well. You can see a close up here featuring Danny Sosa. And what was interesting about this site is that we were trying to understand how this area was formed. I was looking for artifact concentrations around the casita that would suggest refuse, discard, but we didn't find any lack of artifacts other than what we'd find right at the surface. What we found instead was a prepared surface around the front of the house. Larger rough cobbles were placed on top of a sand and then packed down with clay and that surrounded the outside portion of the casita. And you can, anyway, I don't know why I put that in there. Oh, so anyway, I'm not going to go through that. I'm short on time. We also did some thunder chronology at the request of the landowner who was interested to know exactly when this house dated. Unfortunately, we couldn't get dates for most of the samples that we were able to take. The ones that we did get dated to 19 were cut in 1915, but notice that they're all a type of pine tree, whereas the other ones are juniper. So it would suggest that these were newer replacements that were that were brought in. So it doesn't, I don't think it indicates that all of this house was constructed around 1915. So anyway, moving on to the last site that we excavated. Every Q3. Another close-up. So this last area is quite close to the plaza, but not directly on it. It's actually a race a little bit in elevation from it. The survey area is located on the clearing behind currently uninhabited structure known as Lala's House. You can see from the historical photo, both the house and the clearing, which appears to contain some trees. So that's the house and those are the trees. Let's see. So in the photo, you can see other houses along the same area, the same row as Lala's House, but those aren't continuous of Lala's House and they are not standing today. We did a GPR survey of the area. The GPR suggests a direct linear pattern on the southwest corner of the survey area, which might suggest, well might have suggested a structure no longer visible to the surface, which was kind of exciting. So we decided to explore those. I won't talk about test trench one, but I guess I will. We decided to excavate a very skinny, it's skinnier than it looks like on this map. After a conversation with one of the neighbors when they said they remembered a privy located to the northeast, not the northwest of the area, and I decided to assuage my panicky fear so that I'd somehow gotten my GPR map back to front. They're digging in the wrong place. So we decided to do some ground truthing and sure enough we found it immediately. So we know that the map is in fact located where it should be. Nevertheless, unfortunately, we were not able to find a structure. I don't know if you can see it from the back. It's a little hazy, but this kind of pattern here. So not the structure. It's quite clear that the area had been used as a trash deposit for quite some time. So those rectiline near patterns you're seeing here are mostly artifact concentrations. So the bad news is that we were getting bed razor bottles at 40 centimeters below surface. The good news is that we were also getting a high concentration of artifact that suggests earlier deposits as well in different locations at the site. Okay, so how am I doing? Okay, so very preliminary artifact analysis. Very, very preliminary. We did of course find more artifact categories than these four at the site. This is just what I was able to enter into our database for now. But it already kind of shows you some differential patterning at these sites. So you can see that Atticu-3 has much higher concentration of artifacts than the other two sites in general. There's a lot more fauna, which is not apparent from this graph, but there are also, oh sorry, there's supposed to be a end of sentence there. So there's a lot more fauna. What's not apparent from this graph is that there are a lot more botanical remains there, a lot of what appear to be cherry pits to me. It'd be interesting to see if we could figure out what species of pits we're seeing. It'd be also interesting to see if we can explore developing a horticultural heritage project at Abacue and seeing if we can replant some of these trees. There are a lot of historical maps of Abacue with that show orchards around, so it'd be kind of cool to explore that. You can see that Abacue-2 here has fewer artifacts than Abacue-3. Much more glass and proportionately more metal. These for the most part were found very close to the surface. I know that's not reflected in this graph, but you'll just have to take my word for it. So this suggests that only after the house became inhabited, the casita became uninhabited, that it basically started to accumulate litter, but much fewer artifacts there. Comparing Abacue-2 and 3 shows us that how folks at Abacue tended to dispose of their trash, they tended to do it behind their homes, away from view. This is certainly not true of all historical sites at New Mexico. From those, I remember now why I put that other historical photo, you can see a lot of historical photos that the puzzle looks very clean. There doesn't look like there are a lot of heaps of trash around, and I actually had some conversations with some community members about how privies tended to be quite far away from the houses themselves. So there was this kind of interest in cleanliness and hygiene and appearances, and certainly not true of all sites in New Mexico. And I think an argument might be made regarding the performativity of Visino status that pushes against racial stereotypes of any sort of behavior. So Abacue-1 has considerably less artifacts, most of which are ceramics, most of which, again, you'll have to take my word from it, are biscuit A from the pre-European contact Pueblo, which occupied the same general area. I find it interesting that we don't find nearly as much colonial-era ceramics in Abacue-1, which suggests that if this was the site of the Torion, and I do believe it's the general location from it, I'm not going to get into why, the adobe bricks that would have been constructed for the Torion would have dated close to the foundation of the Pueblo in 1754, before colonial ceramics would have been incorporated into the adobe matrix the way that you see it elsewhere in Abacue. And boy do you see it. Okay, so there's a lot more to be said about the fauna, of course. I'm very interested in the fact that we're seeing mostly caprines in our faunal assemblages across these sites, which again gives us a clue that a significant portion of our assemblage does in fact come from prior to the 20th century. So we're able to get a diachronic perspective on these sites. So also a note to compare these sites to the 2014 excavations, the ceramics that we're finding tend to be various kinds of planewares, which we're seeing to completely less of the fancier polychrome ceramics that were brought in from other Pueblos, as we saw in the 2014 excavation right along the plaza. So we're seeing discrete activity patterning throughout our sites, which is very nice. And that concludes my brown bag. Nice to know you're open to some questions. Yes, I have nine minutes for questions. So you're talking about there's an earlier pre-colonial occupation. So how tough is it to actually discriminate pre-colonial from the colonial? Is it that market or is there actually a lot of materials that would actually be transitioned between the two? And how really is that pre-colonial? Is it right before Abacue or is it much, much earlier? It's a few hundred years earlier. There is this narrative that Abacue was built on an older Pueblo site. And we definitely, Abacue is the type site for a particular kind of ceramic biscuit. And you see it everywhere. You really do everywhere in Abacue. I was worried when I saw that rectilinear pattern in the GPR at Abacue III. I was worried that this might be potentially associated with that earlier Pueblo, because the fact that we saw that patterning so relatively deep beneath the surface. I was thinking that maybe that that would be the case, but it wasn't. So the funny thing is, is that we have not been able to locate any features, as far as I know, around the Plaza. Maybe June would disagree, no? Yes, yeah, yeah. Other places around Abacue, certainly. But not actually where the Pueblo is located itself. It could be that it's just a different location. A lot of the community members say that they find the most artifacts around where an old elementary school used to be, which is currently not really occupied. So it could be that we're just digging, that the current Pueblo de Abacue is located in the area spatially distinct from the older Pueblo. But we definitely see artifacts, particularly ceramics from that era. But the fact that we are seeing so many so many livestock, so much livestock that were brought in by the Spaniards is another fact that convinces me that we're not just uncovering the Pueblo. Yeah, thank you. I mentioned having rotation to artisans died when I changed it into the fauna itself so far, or rotation patterns. And specifically, do you see any force? You know, I'm not there yet. I'm really, I've been focused mostly on just processing all the artifacts so cleaning them, cataloging them, entering in our database, making them available to other research partners that are interested in different assemblages. So I've not been able to get to that analysis. It's just instinct at this point and what I've been able to sort of see on a superficial level. I am really actually kind of excited at the morphological differences I'm seeing in the sheep and goats and cattle that we're excavating from Abacue and comparing those with our comparative collections at the, in the, at the Xarchaeology lab that are coming from California. So I think that it would be really cool to try to locate or identify breeds and seeing change in breeds. I definitely think that you could do that with cow. We're not finding a lot of, of boss, but when Anglo-Americans came into the area, they brought with them cattle from Texas that is very distinct from the, the heritage breeds that were brought in by the Spanish tend to be much smaller and all that kind of stuff. So there's, there's a lot of potential for a very, very cool research to be done at looking at diachronic change of livestock and husband-due practices and butchery practices. It's just going to have to wait till my next brown bag. What's that? Oh yeah. What did, what do you, you want to share? Okay. Yes. No, I know you're just having an analysis of that. So I'm not asking questions about the behavior that I'm asking more about what we're seeing today on the landscape. Would you say that the crops, that the people who live in this community, the descendants of the earlier arrivals have a distinctly different combination of tax of the thick road than, say, their neighbors who either came in earlier or came in later? I would not be able to answer that question at all. I, I've not seen any crops being farmed around the immediate area of Abacue and both of June's eyebrows are raised. So I'm sure you'd be able to answer that question differently. There's a significant amount of farming. There's a lot of range management for the, the pastures for the cattle. But yeah, they maintain their own heirloom bridles, chili pepper, but the very proud of, but there's also, there's ancestral graved gardens for pre-contact cattle going cotton, corn beans and squash, all that stuff.  So there's both the pre-contact stuff, they're glad I was working on them with, but then there's more of the heirloom, corn beans and squash, everything else, the anasazi beans, but there's also what they call Abacue chili. And that's an important part. So they are growing essentially Native American species, they're not focusing on the weeds in the barleys that you might associate with Spanish harassment or oppression. Although the monks at the monastery who are doing the beer down the road are very interested in asking about what varieties of Spanish colonial barleys and things might be brought back. So that is actually a conversation they're having, but yeah, it's definitely not my specialty about what they're doing with their food. There's all those food security initiatives that they're a part of to try to make sure that the youth in the community's traditional techniques are still being brought back in time and really thought through on this part of their learning process. Speaking of talk, I've got one minute. Or two minutes, okay. Yes, Chris? Very briefly, we've gotten a little preview of more of our time analysis, but what are the next steps? The next steps for me is to get through that fauna. That's my priority. There are other graduate students and other researchers working on other assemblages at the same time as I am. So we have Danny Sosa Aguilar, who is looking at the lithic assemblage. Oh, he's right there, he's right there. Yay, look at him. Okay. June is looking at the ceramics with Heather Atherton. Yep, and I guess now it's kind of the buckling downstage. Oh, Kirsten. People are pointing at Annie. Right, sorry. Of course, Annie is beginning her project this summer at Abicu as well. And she is focusing on the water management practices in New Mexico as well. So the Baca project is growing. So it's nice to see you. Thank you. Thank you very much.


Hi, welcome back to my channel, welcome to another video. I'm dressed very, uh, appropriate for this, uh, winter season that we're currently in, but basically I'm getting very excited about the possibility of me going to Bali in May, and I know it might sound unlikely to you. Um, it sounds unlikely to me too. The possibility of me going to Bali in May is really getting me through, so I've just ordered loads of new clothes. Anyways, I know this is a really basic, I'm just following the trend. It's going to take me about half an hour to film kind of video. I really apologise. I don't know, maybe some of you are interested in my camera role? Probably not, but uni is in full swing. It's, it's a lot of work and I really just don't have time. It's currently Saturday as I'm filming this and it's going up on Sunday. Morning's got a lot to do today, but yeah, I do apologise. Anyway, we're doing the show me a photo of trend. Started on Instagram, I did it on Instagram, now it's on YouTube. I'm doing it on YouTube.  I'm gonna start with me on uni moving day. That feels like a lifetime ago, firstly. It also feels like 10 minutes ago. Yeah, this is me on the first day of uni. I actually vlogged it. I can't go watch it. I was absolutely shitting bricks to be honest with you. Speaking of my mother, the next question is show me a photo of all of your family. I'm gonna see if I can find some baby photos, like when we're really little, so I'll include those and then also a more recent one. Right, let's get this out of the way, shall we? You absolutely smashed. I had a lot of these. Let me see you drunk. You guys, I just threw you on the ground. Are you okay? Oh, when was I the most drunk? I mean, that's not really the question, but I'm just trying to think. The only time I've ever been kicked out of a club only ever happened once was at Kirsty's 18th. We went to a toy room and I don't really remember anything to be honest with you. I just remember getting escorted out by two men either side of me. And then I was like arguing with them, so apparently when I'm drunk I love to argue with people and I get really mouthy and it's not good, is it? Actually, I might insert a video. I know this isn't, that's not the trend, but I have a video of me in the car on the way back from a night out with Ellie in summer and Jess. And I'm still convinced to this day that I got spiked. I was so drunk. I was so not good. Like sure, I'm gonna ask summer because I'm sure she has a better photo of me drunk than I do. Whatever summer sends in because I'm sure it's a lot more flattering. Okay, well, slightly changing tune. Show me a photo of a breakdown. I have so many of these. I think I'll wait too many. So I'll insert a few. I could go for a very long time. I cry a lot. Crying is my answer to everything. Even when I'm not really that upset about it, I still cry. It's really not good, is it? But anyway, my lock screen. It's just me and my two friends from uni, Shof and Ellie. I'm sure you know who they are. We went to London in the most beautiful restaurant in the entire world. Your favorite birthday. I think my favorite birthday has to be my 18th.  In my garden cost a lot of money. I took a lot of planning. It was a good party.  I thought it was a good party and all my best friends were there. I had all my family friends, all my family. Everyone I knew was pretty much there, which obviously doesn't happen very regularly. So yeah, that was probably my best. My 20th one, nothing. So that's not gonna compete, is it? My 19th was cute. I was in Budapest with my boyfriend at the time and that was really nice as well. But my 18th, definitely wins. Show me a photo of you five years ago. So five years ago, I would have been 15 years old. Me at 15 wasn't pretty. 15 year olds now look like models. Me at 15, not quite there. That's my natural hair color, by the way. I started bleaching my hair when I was either 15 or 16. Pretty sure it was 16. Don't let me go brunette again. Whatever anyone says, just don't let me do it. I'm just much happier when I'm blonde. Much happier. Something you hate.  Cheddar cheese. My worst nightmare. I absolutely despise it. Also mashed potatoes. I'm terrified of mashed potatoes and roast potatoes and jacket potatoes and a potato really. So no, I think that's it. Hate's a strong word and I will only attach it to those things. There's probably a lot more things I hate, let's be honest, but that's all I can think about right now. Favorite photo of myself. I really like many photos of myself. I like them initially and I'll post them on Instagram or my story or whatever and then I'll look at them more than like three times and I'll hate them. So I mean, maybe one of these, I don't know what I'm going to insert right now, but I probably won't like them in about 10 minutes. Right, there was so many. Show time, show me your acts. I didn't show any photos when we were together and I'm not going to show one now because that'll be really weird. So I'm really sorry to everyone who lost, but that was a lot. Not going to happen, but here's what I took earlier. I'm kidding, the snow, bad blood was a joke.  Well, firstly, definitely the first day of uni, which obviously I've already put a photo of. I'm just honestly the fact that I did that. I'm just very impressed with myself because I was not in a good place when I started uni. Me and my ex had broken up like less than two weeks before and I was a mess. I was distraught. Let's just put it blatantly. Summer thought I was going to drop out of uni like I was a mess. Time is a wonderful healer, but yeah, it was really not good timing. So thank you for that. So definitely that. Also the day I uploaded this video, I don't know if I have any photos of myself from that day, but I bawled my eyes out. The response was amazing from people I know, people I haven't spoken to in like eight years. You guys, people who just randomly found me on YouTube. I was terrified to film it. I was terrified, actually I couldn't edit it. I had to get someone to edit it because I couldn't watch it back without crying and it's not very productive. But yeah, it was rough, but I'm so glad I did it. I still get messages about it. Right, another sad one. Show me a photo of when you were sad, but no one knew. So we're going to throw it back quite far for this one. I was probably, I don't know how old I would have been. 15, it was not a good time. There was a lot going on in my life. A lot more than a lot of 15 year olds can handle, a lot more than I could handle. It was very intense. There was a lot of people involved and it went on for a very long time, but no one really knew. Everyone found out eventually what was going on and how I was feeling and everything and I'm fine now, just in case anyone's worried. But yeah, not a good time of my life and we're not ever going to go back there. But it does put a lot of stuff in perspective, like whenever I'm sad now, or whenever I'm having a bad day or crying about something, whatever. It's been worse. So is that silver lining? Maybe. Your prom. This is a photo or two of me at my prom. It was so long ago now. A year and a half ago. Oh my God, it was a year and a half ago. It was really lovely. I again found that. This is not a video just me plugging my other videos. Yeah, it was so nice, except for there was a fire. I don't know if there was actually a real fire, but the fire brigade came and we all had to evacuate, which was kind of annoying. Cut the night short and then after that, we went to a club.  Oh, actually, I lied. I was kicked out of that club as well because the bouncers accused my best friend and my boyfriend of going into the toilets together and doing something. So they kicked all three of us out. Obviously, they weren't in the bathroom together. I think I was in the bathroom with Summer, but we were in the men's toilets. So they kicked us out. Honestly, I can't really remember, but they were so rude. As nice as it was at the beginning of the night. We did kind of go a little bit downhill and then something else happened and I got really upset about that. The more I think about it, the more I realize it actually wasn't as good of a night as I know it was. But it was my prom. So we're going to remember the good parts and the photos are cute. So your favorite holiday, my favorite holiday would have to be, well, Bali if it happens, probably going to be my favorite. We went to the Maldives as a family. Ages are going out, but all of those photos, you can see how much younger I am. I think I'm like 14 in this. I can't remember. That was beautiful. I would love to go back there. Or we went to Xanti in summer of 2019 and we stayed in the Pelagoni club. If you've heard of it, then you'll know how nice it is. It's absolutely beautiful and I would live there if I could. We were actually going to try and get a job there in our gap years. Obviously, that didn't happen. So maybe that. So we've had first day of uni and now we're going to do first day of school. I am really highly doubt I've got a photo of my first day at primary school. So we'll do a photo of my first day at secondary school. My hair, I mean, here it is. I don't know why my mom did that with my hair. Do I look similar? And then my last day of school. So this was, well, obviously we had our exams. So it was kind of, our last day of school wasn't like the last time I went into school when I did my A-levels. It still felt like I was at school. But this is our official last day of school. I got loads of photos. We dressed up as prisoners, me and my friends. My whole year pretty much in the morning at like 7am went to the park and we were just drinking in the park and just playing music before we had to start school. It was a great day. It was actually a really, really lovely day. Anyways, I've been filming for quite a long time now and I need to get editing because I'm on a tight schedule here. So I really hope you guys enjoyed. If you did, give it a thumbs up. Subscribe if you aren't already. There's better content coming. I promise. I think I say that every week but I do mean it. I love you. I hope you've had a great day and I'll see you next week with another video. Bye!


Hello, and welcome. We've been looking at Android devices and just surviving the Android environment.  And one of the things that give you that easily is the Turmux application, which right now, I'm recording this on my desktop. That's because I'm connected through the network to my phone. And we're going to be looking at what you can do. So we are in Turmux right here. I'm running ZShell on my Turmux with Tmux on there as well, not to get the too confused. Turmux is the Android application environment. And Tmux is something that I run on all my Linux distros that allows me to do things like split the screen like that. So now the top half of the screen is my Android phone. The bottom half is my desktop. I can split the screen again. Now I have two shells going from my desktop here all in one window. Anyway, going back, we are now on my Android device. And let's have a quick look at, I actually have the same config files. I have the same ZShell RC file and with my modifications in the ZShell RC.local file. So let me see. Yeah, right there. Now I have a few things in here. This down here just starts Tmux. And that's just the same thing I have on my desktop. It's looking on my phone. I'm probably never going to be in the dev TTY1, but it still checks for it and makes sure that screen, whether screen is running or not. But that allows every time I open up a new shell, it starts Tmux for me. Up here, your path is where your applications run. I'm not going to go into details on this stuff. I'm hoping that you probably already know this sort of thing if you're watching my videos. But I'm adding this path right here. I created it in my home directory for Tmux, a hidden folder, .bin. And there I can put in all my scripts so that I can have my own custom commands. And I just add it to my path directory here like that. That makes it easier. I can back up my home directory on my phone and move it to a new phone. The next one down here, this is actually I have to update this particular device. Because I don't do this like this anymore. But this is, and we'll talk more about this in this video, the Tmux clipboard set. We'll take whatever text you pass it and put it in your Android clipboard. On a desktop device, I usually use XClip, which requires Xorg. And it can send, put things in, and take things out of your clipboard. Right here, I'm aliasing XClip to the Tmux clipboard set so that I can pipe stuff. If I have this in a script, I can already send stuff to my clipboard. I actually have updated that where I don't have this as an alias anymore I have a script that's just maybe five or six lines long that checks whether you're passing stuff to it or not. So make it act more like XClip. That way I don't have to change my scripts. As you'll see in a moment, I have modified some of my scripts to use Tmux clipboard either set or get. Where if my newer setup, I have a script that's called XClip that acts a little bit like XClip. So I don't have to update all of my scripts individually for Android devices. Other things I have are for reset in case the text in the screen gets messed up. Tmux open again is part of the API package for Tmux which just opens up an Android application. If you pass it a PDF or an image or a video, it's going to open it up in the proper thing. On most Linux desktops, if you're running XDG-open is what does that. So I alias that and then I also just shorten it up for open because typing on your phone can be a pain. So I just made something a little bit shorter. But let's go ahead and move into my .bin folder here in my home directory on my Android device in my Tmux environment. List out the scripts I have here. I have a number of scripts here is the one I looked at in a past video to GIF and it needs to be cleaned up a little bit. But let's see. I can actually, I have Vim installed. I'm just not sure if it's going to display it properly through the network here, but let's go ahead and try it anyway. There we go. So again, Vim with all my Vim configurations running right here on my phone. But in here I'm setting storage. So I have the Tmux, I'm sorry, the Tmux storage API running so I can access things like my photos and whatnot. So I set that directory here. I check the date because I relabel the output GIF with the date stamp. Here I'm setting open to Tmux open, which again, since I aliased it to XDG dash open, I could just use XDG dash open like I would on a desktop, but this is probably before I aliased it or before I realized I aliased it because sometimes I forget I do stuff. But anyway, that's just going to allow me to use the open command here to open the image at the end. I'm setting the frame rate for my GIFs to 10. I set this arrival here so you can change it. So we're moving into the camera directory here. Checks whether you passed the R argument, which would set reverse to true. Here I'm setting, creating an array of all the MP4s. I'm giving you the list and allowing you to select the number from there. Then it checks if that file exists. If that file exists, then it starts the conversion process, whether it does it once or twice with the reverse. But that's just a quick look at the end there. It opens it up. Anyway, this video is really not about this script. I don't know why I went to such detail on that script. Let's look at another one, VIM Tiny URL here, which is the same script I use on my desktop, which I talked about in a previous video, but I changed the URL to check your clipboard on Android. Again, since I created this, I've created the alias or my script for XClip, so I wouldn't have to change the script at all. And the only reason I do that is because we're interacting with the clipboard on Android, which is different than interacting with your clipboard on an X or desktop environment, display environment, whatever you wanna call it. But yeah, so here, the only change I made to this, the only difference between this and my desktop application, which again, as I just said, I didn't need to change, is that we're getting a clipboard, what's in your clipboard. So here, I can go into my Android environment, highlight a URL, come in here, type TinyURL in my shell. It's gonna go to TinyURL. It's gonna get a TinyURL address for me. It's going to echo it to the screen. It's going to put it into my clipboard. It's also going to display it in my shell as a QR code. So I can then take another device and scan that QR code if I want. So it makes it very easy, yeah, I could go to the TinyURL website, I can paste in the address, I can click submit, I can get it, or I can just highlight it, type TinyURL in my shell, I can probably type TIN and hit tab in my shell it auto completes and not only does it submit it to the website, grabs it, displays the new URL on the screen along with the QR code. It also puts it into my clipboard for pasting other places. The only thing I also removed at the bottom here was the send notify, which on the desktop, it lets me know it displays little notification, which actually you can do with Turmux. If I just come into my shell here in Turmux and I type Turmux dash and I hit tab, you can see all these Turmux and this is after you install the API application. It has a lot of options here. One of them I'm pretty sure is, yeah, notification. And it sends an Android screen notification. Obviously the first time you write it, it's going to ask for permission to allow this application to display notifications. But there you go, you can run that. So I could have replaced my send notify command with this command. Other things you can do with Turmux just through here. Now some of these, I'm running Android version eight, I think currently on this device and somewhere along the line, some of these change the way they work and so they don't work anymore. There have been bug reports submitted to the Turmux GitHub or wherever they host their code. But most of these work, but like I said, you can get from the clipboard, you can set to the clipboard. I think taking a photo might not work currently. Turmux dialog, I'm not sure what that is. We could type it in to find out, but let's do it. Dialog dash H, I think. Joe's help. I'm not sure if this is a dialog, so let's just do it. Dialog, list widget options, set tile, let's go to T test. And I'll see if, oh, yep, I got a, I can't show you. I got a dialog screen on my Android device here with actually a input field that I can type into. So yeah, that's one place it makes a little dialog windows pop up, similar to Xennedy or, I don't think X dialog is still a thing, but Xennedy on a Linux desktop. It's probably similar to that, but we can actually probably look at the list of commands here, yeah. So you can do date pickers, counter checkboxes, spinners. That's awesome. I have not used this yet and that could be very useful. Let's go back and look at some other termux commands. I guess you can read from your fingerprint scanner, which is awesome. Fix shebang. So in your shell scripts, let's, let me, again, go ahead and look at one of my scripts in my bin folder. We'll take the tiny URL one. Actually, that's set right. I'm trying to think of what I did to change that. I might have changed the saying somewhere else. So normally when you create scripts in termux by default, if you try to do bin bash, it's not going to work in termux because that's not where the bash executable for termux is, but if you run the termux fix shebang line on your script, it'll change it to wherever the path for bash is. I don't remember what I did to make bash work properly. If I did something, or maybe there was an update to termux that fixed that, but we just used the tiny URL application and we didn't use it. Did we use it? Tiny URL. And we're probably going to get that there, a QR code. I don't know. Yeah, we didn't have a URL in there so that QR code's not really linking to anything. It's probably just blank. And also obviously I don't have curl installed, but let me just do apt install. You don't have to pseudo because you don't need to be root in this because you don't have root access in it. Install curl. Let's see if that works. And yeah, I have a few Android devices so this one might not be as up to date as the others. There we go. And now curl is installed. So now I should be able to, in my Android environment, let me go ahead and I know you can't see what I'm doing. I'm going to go and grab filmsbychrist.com. I'm gonna say copy. Now I should be able to run tiny URL here. And there we go. We got a tiny URL and everything works. So I just had to install curl on this device. I just hadn't done that since I put this script on there. But now it works and we should be able to. Let me double check. I will scan that with my phone. Yeah, it's tiny URL when I click on it, it opened up filmsbychrist.com version seven. Yeah, so I'm just going through some of these. Some of these I haven't played with yet. Apparently if you have an infrared device on your Android device, you can access it, I guess. Microphone recording notification we just talked about, which is different than dialogue. Open URL will open up a URL which I use quite often in my scripts. And yeah, like I said, you can check your, actually I think this is outdated when you run that.  I don't use the default SMS application. I use Hangouts on my phone, so that doesn't really work for me. I mean, it works, but it doesn't show my messages. Sending will send a text that works fine. Speech to text, although you can also probably install, I'm pretty sure I've installed, what's the, eSpeak, eSpeak? eSpeak, yeah, that's, I believe that's the repository. Again, get storage, you run that once. It will ask for permission on your Android device. And then if you look in my home directory here, I'll list out, you can see that I have a folder called storage, if I list out what's in storage, it's actually just links to different things, your music, your downloads, your external SD card, or whatever external storage you have on there.  You only have to do that once and it's set up and good to go. Anyway, I just wanted to give you a little more look at Turmux and what it can do. I think Torch probably, I would assume that turns on your light. I don't know what Turmux Toast is. Let's run it with the, oops, yep. Dash H, Toast shows text in the Toast. I trans, that should pop up. The texts who show either supply or arguments. Okay, I'll have to play with that a little bit. Anyway, I feel like I've talked a lot. This video's getting kind of long. I just wanted to show you all the things that Turmux can do as far as interacting with your Android device, not just running stuff in the shell.  From script, and again, you can now write scripts that text people or dial phone numbers, which can be useful. Thank you for watching, visit filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris the K, there's a link in the description. As always, I thank you for watching. I hope you enjoyed this video and I hope that you have a great day.


also when it comes to Richard Boyd Barrett calling for interfather that means violence against Jews like suicide bombs in coffee shops that's hate speech and anti-Semitic and I did say it right at the top that that language under whatever the proposed hate speech laws certainly would have one toe in them in any case right I think this we were talking about the the we were talking about I can't remember the name the companies just escaped me about a skin cancer melanoma diagnostic tool which the HSC is funded and approved but is not being adopted in the Seattle hospital region this caller says so he wants the government to pay for a for a private service on this occasion I agree with the hospital it's not the hospital that are against it as such this is a Seattle situation but anyway why would they pay for a private service it would end the possibility of a public service ever returning is this not another private clinic so that they'll take away the public clinic they're not paying a new doctor to come in my dad got knee surgery done in Balli Kelly 23,000 pounds is what he paid got 17,000 pounds back they didn't change the currency at that time and that's why he wasn't fully reimbursed if you're a medical card you'll be unaware can I just give you a piece of advice by the way if you haven't resolved that situation yet would you please contact the ombudsman and and and file it with them make a complaint with them or or make representations to them just don't accept it if it was about they didn't change the currency and you douse out 6,000 pounds please at the very least not that it might do anything but please raise a case with the ombudsman this is something the that office is really really interested in but reading on here if you have a medical card you'll be on the waitlist for three or four years private health insurance and you're seen straight away my neighbour was on a three year waiting list for hospital she didn't pay because she was waiting for three years and the hospital referred her she didn't have to pay a penny is the lock salt road clear today now it's high up there and there was a hard frost and ice so if there is a clearance it might take longer to clear the lock salt road than others anyone been over it today is it safe let us know I was told about an hour ago there's a lot of black ice on granny's gap which doesn't sound very pleasant so drive with care a lot of black ice on granny's gap and in a shone now I just want to mention too you're invited to join for a free evening of Christmas carols presented by the in a shone gateway singers and the DCI TS choir it's a free event but donations can be made on the night in support of the annual Christmas day dinner for people on their own so you can go to this and contribute after a lovely night's entertainment and you're supporting it's an annual Christmas day dinner which is a beautiful initiative which allows people on their own to come together or to to to get food on Christmas day well this event is on Sunday December 10th at 6 30 p.m. so that's this coming Sunday 6th okay I thought that says 8 so it's on December 10th that at 6 30 p.m. church of the Irish martyrs gauntly rode Bally Rain let your Kenny the county's number one talk show the 9 till noon show on Highland radio 9 till noon show sponsored by Evolve clothing Merry Christmas to all our customers and thanks for all your support every year in store at Letty Kenny retail park or online at EvolveClothing.com Do you suffer from high cholesterol? 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service plans from 12.99 per month book your test drive at Connelly's Volkswagen commercial vehicles letter Kenny or visit Connelly's terms and conditions apply finance provided by the way of our purchase agreement from Volkswagen financial services Ireland and subject to lending criteria Volkswagen financial services Ireland limited is regulated by the central bank of Ireland visit Volkswagenvans.ie for more information Highland radio time checks with Expressway travel route 32 from letter Kenny to Dublin when you book online and travel for less Expressway bringing you the time us the time now is 24 minutes past 11 Catherine McLoone of the Blue Stack Veterinary Clinic in Ballet Buffet is with us this morning good morning Catherine good morning how are you I'm doing fantastic now you know we it's said every single year that a puppy or a dog is not just for Christmas and we throw it out there sometimes but if you think about it it's not is it you know what I mean like it's a big big big responsibility and your advising parents caregivers to think to think strongly about whether or not they can go through with this 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 year 15 year commitment well that's it exactly I mean you said it's not just for Christmas and it is a big commitment a lot of dog breeds tend to live till like you said you know 12, 13 the smaller breeds live a lot longer and yes it's Christmas as well isn't a great time you know you're you're out you're visiting people you're partying you've got lots of guests coming over it's stressful for the you know the new dog all that sort of thing you need to be around more you need to it is a commitment you need to make sure that you're there to let if you get a puppy to let the puppy out you know if you re-home a dog you've got to you know you've got to be around a lot more and yeah and just think about it's a it's a big commitment it's um yeah think about what you're doing and all that sort of thing well let's talk about sort of the day-to-day commitment of dog ownership you know what a dog requires what kind of care it needs yeah of course so I mean it all depends on what age of dog as well so um I would never recommend leaving any dog all day so if you're doing you know a nine to six eight to six whatever job and you're away all day I don't think you know a dog is the right sort of pet for you um you know you need not just for toilet breaks for the dog the dog needs socialization you know they're sort of a pack animal they want to be with you they want to have a bit of contact with you and things like that if you're having a puppy if you're getting a puppy again they need to be let out every hour every couple of hours they need to have a play they need to have training all that sort of thing and then the older dogs they need the walks so you know they do need to get out have their sniff go to the toilet you know have a bit of exercise and that is very as well dependent on the breed that you treat and I imagine too that's important to stable behavior that energies burn tough but you know there is that bit of socializing things that are normal because you know we often say you know say for instance if a dog snaps or bites or something like that there there's often contributing reasons for that as well too you know I mean we always blame the dogs I think you know us humans have a role to play as well Oh 100% 100% there's always there's always a reason behind everything and a lot of the working breeds so your your colleagues your pointers your cock espagnols you know they need a job and whether that's just going for a nice walk and having their sniff and getting the ball and things if they don't do that their mental stimulation they start finding things you know chewing things up you know and we get cross with them but it's because they're not getting enough mental stimulation not just physical you know running about and like you said with the snapping and things there'll be cues in behavior that has led to that it won't just be the dog randomly snaps there'll be cues that we're missing and yeah it's a lot of a lot of exercise and mental stimulation will help all of that as well they used to say that sorry no is often a much harder work as well and I think too I don't think so we kind of talk about the responsibility and the commitment to a dog but also too we have to think of a young person you know seven or 10 or 13 or whatever that the idea of something and no matter how much they tell you what they might do and how they might care for themselves oh I know quite soon after that depending on the child and like dogs were all different right but you know very soon that novelty can wear off and it is mom and dad granny and grandad that end up having to pick up the pieces there not just the practical stuff but actually the socialization the playing the walking and stuff because you know young ones can change their minds really quite quickly and move on to the next exciting thing yeah so I mean it has to be the adult decision that has to be you know do you want a dog not just if you're six or seven you are once the dog you know do you want all of the taking it out lasting at night for the toilet taking it for walks and like you said we unfortunately have a lot of people not a lot but a few people come into the clinic where their dogs have sort of anxiety you know that lot of COVID puppies a lot of you know people got dogs in lockdown and then because of the situation we couldn't socialize them so it's all about that as well you know it's um yeah if the adult is prepared to take on the dog for 10 to 12 you know years or longer then that's great but um yes I'm sure you know kids they move on to the next thing don't they yeah for sure and two years from like 11 to 13 like a a bloomin' lifetime and also two you know each dog has its own personality and it has to fit in as well so I'd say there's people you know you do see sometimes people post we need to find a home for this dog because it's too lively for us or it's too you know what I mean so the dog brings a personality into a home as well that you have to factor and it might not be exactly all the the better roses that you anticipated it might be no exactly and that was like going back to the breed you know looking doing a bit of research you know having a google seat asking your vet for example what breed do you think would suit I've got young children you know I don't want to I don't like mud I don't want a dog you know maybe a big labrador wouldn't be for you then you know things like that you know asking about the breed but I mean a dog is a wonderful pet I don't want to put people off getting a dog it's just having a having a good think about it and also I mean we've got so many rescue centres over the county that are inundated with dogs mother full though Catherine so I mean it's up to people what they do individually but you'd have to sort of morally say that you know if you have our dog homes full of dogs to go and sort of source another one and bring it into the county as well as I say I'm not judging people it's up to people what they do and all but if you're a real dog lover would you not sort of look to a rescue dog first maybe not guilty anyone and I feel bad saying no not at all no exactly I completely understand both sides but that's you know that's what I was saying you know we deal a lot with them a lot of charities I might I do think they they don't like to re-home at this time of year because of the the Christmas you know getting a dog for Christmas but definitely chat to the charities I know there's a big one in Derry that's having to close one of its kennels so a lot of dogs need re-homing there so I mean have a you know have a chat to your local charity and then you can go and meet the dogs and see and there's a lot of dogs that just you know unfortunate circumstances it might be that they're a beautiful lovely dog but their owners have to move out of rented accommodation or something like that so definitely chat to your local dog charities and um I would definitely go down that route and see but I understand both sides if people you know the puppy situation I understand both sides of the story but the puppy doesn't last long is there an argument to sort of saying it's a little bit like you know trying to give up cigarettes or lose weight on the 1st of January to wait a couple of months so if if the big pushes on for Christmas we'll leave that decision to February April and then see oh definitely see if it's still yeah exactly even if you do because even a couple of months because as well as that too like even the freedom you might have you know in terms of heading away for the day going on holidays heading around to visit people you even if you have a dog you can have and the expense you can as you say I don't think either of us are trying to put anyone off but like you are taking on a real significant responsibility if you like your freedom of movement and stuff I know 100% it's um you know you won't be able to just drop and go you know to kill their village for the day you need to have somebody lined up either family or a good dog kennels you know just do a bit of research and like we said we're not putting anyone off but we want to try and minimize the dogs that go back into these rescue centres so we want people to be aware of what they're taking on and going back to the puppy yes a puppy is only a puppy for you know a few months but they're blooming lively I can tell you so as long as you're prepared for that as well and we've we've got a young dog that we rescued in Christ it's um my other dog is eight and she's she's very calm compared to this pup so I'll tell you it's um yes it's very different getting a puppy to a mature dog that's for sure let's see whilst I have you and I won't hold you much longer but a few questions of people who I'm not saying they're regretting the decisions but why does my dog pee when it sees new people do you know now it can be one of two things it can be excitement so if it's a young dog and it's a really sociable dog you know excitement of any form so you know running jumping up wagging their tail like oh so it's like to see if they can let out a little bit of wee and that can be because they're so excited and that can be just a young dog controlling its bladder not going to happen to the best of us it can also be nervousness so really try and assess the body's the dog's body language so is the dog rushing up to the people really excited and having a little dribble of wee then I wouldn't be too concerned about that if the dog is cowering and is you know tailing through its legs and then let's out a little bit of wee that could be more sort of fear nervousness submissiveness you know if they show their belly it can be showing to a if imagine they're a pack situation that shows I'm at my most vulnerable and I'm nervous so just assessing the body language and then obviously if it's an older dog you know maybe think is there any problem there is it is it incontinent is it you know so there's a few things I'd say if it's an excitement thing it's just yeah pure excitement in the young dog my dog doesn't like it when I show physical affection to other people like a hug or a kiss she barks like crazy what's this about now if this is a long-term partner there is quite a strange whole procedure one has to go through to try and acclimatize the dog to the situation like your partner kissing the dog for an example and showing affection to it but if it's everyone I'd say this person secretly loves it but obviously it's not great if you want to hug and kiss other people but what do you do the dog barks like crazy it's jelly yeah it is exactly it's just jealous it could be jealousy it could be if the dog depends what breed it is if it's protective of its owner it could be doesn't know that you're hugging I mean dogs don't hug so it might be that they're worried that that person is getting within their person's boundaries and they're a bit concerned I mean setting up situations where you've got a friend that's happy with dogs you know getting treats if the dog is like food positive reinforcement I'm all about positive reinforcement rather than no and telling them off it's all about oh well done you didn't bark here's a treat you know just setting up the situations in a calm environment where you can maybe do a little bit of physical touch to someone so hold their hand or pat them on the back and then if the dog doesn't bark oh good boy and give them a treat that sort of thing to gradually build up rather than in a big crowd you're hugging everyone the dog is stressed out of its mind I think gradually, gradually yeah another call says my dog scratches all the doors and floors they believe it's looking for attention how do I stop this it depends when they're doing it if they're doing it when you're there and sitting watching Kelly and they're just doing it then that's sort of more of a behavioural thing and but if they're doing it when you're not there it's probably anxiety you know being left left alone so if when they all leave the house the dog is scratching the floor scratching the doors it could be a like we said before that it's not mentally stimulated enough or it's sort of anxious being left on its own so things you can do is leave the radio on leave the tele on and you can get lots of these special toys that you can put food in so these special treat balls or a lick mat where you can put a little bit of the dog's wet food on a mat and they can lick it just to sort of entertain them you can even get these clever little puzzle boards for some of the clever colleagues where they have to push it all around and get the treats out just again a bit of mental stimulation if you're not there make them a bit more happy last one and not a pleasant note my dog does terribly smelly wind how can I stop this presumably it's diet related exactly yeah a lot of it can be diet related so dogs can get sort of irritable bowel and things from their food a lot of the time if the dog is really happy and is in good form but has upset tummy so diarrhea or smelly smelly you know wind then it just look at the food so sometimes the food we're buying it might not not agree with that dog so look at changing to maybe a sensitive or either ask your vet or ask your local pet shop my dog's you know a bit sensitive can we try a different food or something like that is it dogs chew grass too don't they is that to a digestion or is it something else maybe that's enough I mean it can be so no no my dog she will eat grass in when she's in 100% form so she loves the long grass so they don't self medicate with it no they don't self medicate with the grass I think she's doing that my dog for extra fiber it's not because she wants to be sick but then some dogs do do it to help make them sick so it's just again gauge is your dog actually under the weather is she poorly is she looking to be sick or is she out on a walk happy as Larry wagging her tail and just munching a bit of grass here and there so yes it can be both things really right two quickies then I have a six month old Labrador she chews her bed and blankets how do I stop that and how well when do I stop it sorry when do I stop it unfortunately Labrador's just love to chew things again maybe if she's six months old so she's probably still teasing so maybe getting her things that are suitable to chew so getting the safe sort of choosing the pet shop these rubber Kongs that she can't destroy all those sorts of things hopefully she will grow out of it a little bit but food Labrador's love food so if she could stuff a treat ball full of food and when she's doing it is she doing it when they're not there is she doing it just in general but yeah it's probably just a young dog thing that hopefully she'll grow out of and very lastly what does it what does it mean when a dog licks your face dog licks for lots of different reasons so it could be that you've got something yummy around your face you know ice cream or or residues of food um it is a sign of affection as well um and it's very affectionate to their genitals and stuff as well though that's yeah you wouldn't want to be the second no licker I'll probably say what I was going to say we're going to go on yeah we'll gloss over that um yeah they're just being affectionate they're showing their love and exploring you aren't they I mean they're exploring I mean toddlers do they don't have you know exactly they don't have hands and things that's how they that's how they explore things exactly all right and on that note Catherine thank you so much for your time sorry but I didn't realize we were going to get the questions in but people wanted to ask and you answered expertly thank you so very much indeed Catherine take care bye bye Catherine Macaloon of the Blue Stack Veterinary Clinic in Ballet Buffet okay and whilst we were listening to that we were watching little doggies and puppies playing on the beach and the grass so lovely Chris Ashmore is not in with us today but I want to let you know that his guest on business matters this week is Kulkarmann Barry Doherty who is chief executive officer of Duncan Eley based CMB Agri Enterprise Limited it's a very very interesting business with considerable potential the firm uses seaweed and fish extracts to manufacture a natural sustainable product known as biostimulant which can be used on crops to boost growth and quality it describes the biostimulant as a multi-vitamin for crops the potential market is vast and earlier this year as explained to Chris a major multinational Japanese company took a stake in the Donegal company is now engaged in considerable research and development with numerous with numerous trials in January this year we took on an investor into the business Japanese conglomerate really Mitsui and Co they're called they're a big massive company in Japan they employ about 44,000 people 110 billion euro turnover so they're big players they're in all different markets but they're also in the nutrition market and they really now have been just past 12 months moving our R&D work you know from where we could only really afford to do one or two trials per year at the moment we would have 37 different trials going on in 17 different countries at the moment on all different plants from almonds to strawberries to wheat and barley and then in Japan to all different types of lettuce that they grow over there so yeah it's very exciting with them the results that are coming through are fascinating and it's shown very encouraging signs for for for good growth over the next you know five to ten years and just to let you know that you can listen to that interview on full in full right now on our website highlandridio.com it's the latest edition of the business matters podcast and it's also going to be played out live for you just after the six o'clock news this coming Sunday watch the show live now on YouTube Facebook and at highlandradio.com 9 till noon show sponsored by Evolve clothing Merry Christmas to all our customers and thanks for all your support every year in store at Letty Kenny Retail Park or online at EvolveClothing.com Give joy at Boots with hundreds of amazing gifts available on three for two we have a huge range of brands like number seven Ted Baker and soap and glory and with home delivery and click and collect it's never been easier to tick everyone off your Christmas list Boots gift joy selected stores and Boots.ie subject to availability cheapest free offer ends 24th December delivery charges may apply find the Volkswagen in you with a caddy cargo transporter 6.1 crafter and the new Amorock with HP finance from 4.9% and service plans from 12.99 per month book your test drive at Connelly's Volkswagen commercial vehicles Letty Kenny or visit connellys.ie terms and conditions apply finance provided by the way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen financial services Ireland and subject to lending criteria Volkswagen financial services Ireland limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland visit volswagenvans.ie for more information Hiya gang it's me Silly Billy from Jack in the Beanstalk the biggest panda in all the land I can't wait for you to join me and my friends at the Millennium Forum from the 30th of November until the 31st of December book now at Millennium Forum Duck code at UK and start practicing your silly faces sponsored by the Richmond Center there's something about this time of year that makes you want to be near all the things that remind you of your favorite Christmas when you get that warm and fuzzy feeling you want to be near the people you love and the things you love so we're better to get that Christmas feeling than Letty Kenny Shopping Center there's free parking extended opening hours and great gifts for everyone on your list add in a visit to Santa you'll have Christmas all wrapped up Letty Kenny Shopping Center Christmas just around the corner this December the 22nd you could own a brand new car worth 30,000 euro Highland Radio is giving away a brand new Skoda Kameek worth over 30,000 euro someone and it could be you we'll get a call from Greg Hughes on the 9 to Noon Show on Friday December the 22nd you've just won a simply go to HighlandRadio.com click on the car link answer an easy question and buy a ticket for now I'm sure most of you are aware that on August 9th 1973 gunmen opened fire from a bridge over the M2 Motway at a van carrying workmen back to Longall from a building site near Glen Gormley 16 year old Henry Cunningham was sitting in the front of the Bedford van when he was shot he died soon after we're joined on the program by Robert Cunningham and Herbert who I might speak to first Herbert is also Henry's brother and was the driver that day Herbert and Robert both of you good morning and thanks for joining us good morning Greg morning Greg Herbert I might start with you I mean you know your recollections on that day I mean we don't have time to go through it now but I'm sure it's as if it were yesterday for you still exactly exactly you just read it yesterday I spoke to you it's past 10th of August and I just didn't think I didn't have ideas for the evening I say it yeah Robert you were listening and Herbert you were listening to Micheal Martin's comments this week about the killing of Donagall man Michael Leonard he was 24 years old when he was shot dead in 1973 by the RUC near the Donagall-Fermanagh border I suppose at looking at what Micheal Martin commented on this week Robert and then sort of learning from your experiences with the the the killing of Henry what was your emotions listening to Micheal Martin I was listening to your news yesterday morning I couldn't believe it and no disrespect to the family that was involved and the same time as Henry's but I met Micheal Martin in 2009 up and up and up and double him and he hasn't brought our case up and I've discovered listening to your thing he's brought this other case up several times now what's his problem why Henry was only a young 16 coming from the world and this doesn't go away you know yeah do you feel Robert that Henry's been forgotten Henry was forgotten even when it happened in 1973 we know now that the moderator of the Presbyterian church and I resumed with news the next day that who done it yet now our Mullenfeller went to the graves not being told why was that happened why did that have to happen why didn't it come forward and sit there with Mullenfeller who done it and and how about you're feeling this too of course being there in the day and sharing the same parents as you can imagine you have the same emotions as as Robert has as it relates to you know yeah yeah my boys made me a greatest because I had about a cancer I spent 10 months when I came there and my voice box was going to go on but you know what I mean but you'll still hear me loud and clear Robert loud and clear yeah good man no I'd never go the way you know it's here every day and really what's really hard for the card they're not nobody seems to think I know a lot of kids and I'm not going against that there's a lot of kids have been mentioned but Henry has forgotten about which is very sad for you that's very sad very young it could go on but that's very sad thank you thank you he was working we were down there four or five months working they walked from up on John Tyler the same graduate McDonald's from Delphine and they worked on items he wasn't going to ask if we were down to the ground normally but we normally we never thought anything else we went so we were walking there but thank you but five months lovely summer evening come up a motorway the motorway running on down on that below the footpath if I can fly over at the footpath at that time yeah they found a path when they went down to the bottom they found change at that time yeah after years ago then you had to go turn up the array up there and they all had to go to Castle Dawson but we went on to Wiena Road that's where we were working down in Glen Garmin at the time and every termination of people was working on people's work it got Catholic persons churchwilder and others nobody bothered about that there but we were targeted for something we never got no warnings or any grade or that's just it now that's just it we walked up and down the wound on 1969 or 70 we were going to go over here we were besaid as a bodyguard the boys that day the people were distracting and we every day nobody bothered them and they bothered nobody and we ended up about fast and that's what happened there Robert if you could speak to if you could speak to Micheal Martin now or any representatives of the government what would you say to them I would say but first of all I'm going to say to you now as I want to before I go forget this I want to thank John McIntyre who first highlighted our case being when we started looking about when I found out who it was it I also would like to thank Podrick McLaughlin who was the only politician that came to my house and I met Martin McGinnis down in the valley the day I met Neil Martin and Martin McGinnis came over to me and he shook my hand and told me I was a brave man and he brought the case up with Tony Blair but that's as far as that went and if I met me and Martin now I would be saying tell them the Irish government 50 years ago were cowards and I say today they're still cowards and they're certainly not to be trusted okay Robert Cunningham Herbert I spoke to you before Robert I think that's my first time speaking to you Herbert hopefully you're you're on the road to recovery both of you thank you very much indeed and strong words heard loudly I'm sure thank you yeah thank you very much take care Robert and Herbert Cunningham there open seven days stay warm for less this winter with homeland I'll cast energy wood pellets 10kg buy 10 bags get one free kill and dried softwood logs buy two bags for 14 euro nationwide delivery available shop in store or online at homeland.ie attention farmers alts nurseries alt hopper Castle Finn our department of agriculture approved and can supply plant passports for your acre scheme thorn hedging tree whips shelters hedging plastic and native Irish apple trees are all available also stock in a large range of bear root pot at hedging trees shrubs and much more for the best quality at the keenest prices call gale at alt nurseries castle fin on<PHONE_NUMBER> check out these special offers at simpson supermarket letter candy there's quality street tins 10 euro coke zero coke dead cans 12 pack 7 euro Tato cheese and onion assorted 12 pack 3 euro 50 there's the slower range 750 ml 2 for 3 euro 50 plus we are now taking orders for your Christmas turkey while they're check out peggy's kitchen cafe only two minutes from letter candy hospital for all your Christmas needs it has to be simpson supermarket with great value every day discover the ultimate experience in the spade orchids at the hollywood hotel bundoren with our tranquil Japanese themed garden rejuvenated massages revitalizing facials luxurious spa baths pampering body treatments not forgetting the outdoor hot tub and sauna and their secret garden visit on a luxury spa day popping for some me time or buy the perfect present with a gift voucher relax and let the spade orchids transport you to another world for more see hollywoodhotel.com get glowing skin this winter with the clarence gift of beauty at macklehenny's purchase two or more clarence products want to be moisturiser or serum and receive a choice of four free beauty treats and a gorgeous beauty bag hurry offer available at macklehenny's until december 10th while stocks last and now the highland forecast brought to you by shop lk widespread christmas shopping this december in lettercanny see shoplk.ie or like us on facebook okay let's have a look at that weather forecast then this afternoon will be windy with rain turning persistent and heavy highest afternoon temperatures of 7 or 11 degrees 7 to 11 degrees with fresh to strong and gusty south easterly winds tonight early tonight will be wet and windy with fresh to strong and gusty south easterly winds the rain and strong winds will clear from most places overnight will persist the further east you go highest temperatures of 5 to 8 degrees we had a wonderful wonderful response to our competition in association with cabri so many of you nominating special people in your lives it's the kind of competition you don't want to pick winners or you do want to pick winners but it doesn't feel right because we've we we heard some amazing stories of people and it would warm your heart and i wish every all of you could read all of the the stories that we have had right okay so here's today's winner i'm just texting in for the competition to win a cabri bar of chocolate but it's actually the person that you're nominating is for today and tomorrow is winning a lovely hamper the person i think deserved this is my granddad gym my granddad gym he had a rough year with breaking his hip and started to attend dialysis in letterkenny hospital three times a week he praises the staff and is so thankful for this service they do for him granddad plays a big part in our lives we're so lucky if i win i believe the prize is a hamper but instead i'd like if this went to the staff of the dialysis units in letterkenny for all the hard work they do for granddad so the winner of this beautiful hamper today is the staff at the dialysis center dialysis unit in letterkenny and hopefully they'll keep a few bits side to one side for granddad gym when he's in he's in three times a week and praises the staff and the service that they provide for him so we've got a lovely cabri hamper and it's a beauty heading down to the dialysis unit in letterkenny university hospital as a big thank you for all the hard work they do and as i say hopefully they sneak a bit for granddad as well okay listen thank you carl for sending that in and we'll make that happen and we're going to have another opportunity for you to win for someone you nominate to win a hamper from cabri tomorrow and then we have a 250 euro voucher then on friday so it's all very exciting isn't it but as i say it would warm the heart reading some of the wonderful stories we were talking about buying a pet for christmas or adopting a pet this is one listener's experience i have a friend on a farm they tried to adopt a dog and they were turned away they were told it wasn't a birthday present the sister then ran the husband did too they were turned down they had a house and a farm they couldn't adopt they had to buy lots of paperwork involved they offered them a hamster instead what good's a hamster ask this lady why it's so hard to adopt a dog and i have asked other people that in the past and those responsible for re-homing dogs and they take into account a whole plethora of things and they have to ensure that where the dog is going it's good for the dog i'm sure your place was as well but for whatever reason for whatever reason you weren't successful being irish in my opinion is a mentality of community work to make life better for us all not based on colour the biggest fear is extreme religious views islam that may come into our country and forced upon us by force by weight of numbers example sharia law but that is like worrying i mean people go well climate change isn't real nothing's happening there but they think like islam's gonna take over Ireland and we're gonna live under sharia law you know i mean is that realistic good morning greg ask your guest what an irish person would get in south africa what are the benefits like greg you portray irish natives bad and refugees is good not at all i literally having a conversation where i was putting across some of the stuff that you read and hear to have a conversation putting it to that person now ice irish are the best nation in the world we're the best nation in the world i'm not saying anything other than for a second and we are so generous and we're so welcoming and we're so giving we're one of the biggest givers and in donningall we're some of the biggest givers and we are doing more than our fair share more than any other county to host and welcome people so i'm not suggesting that for a second it was trying to have a conversation where all the cards were on the table and all viewpoints were covered and responded to he is incorrect about how to stop the influx the only way is to close our borders like we should have done a long time ago and other nothing to be afraid of tell that to the people stabbed last stabbed last week the families of the two irish beheaded in slago last year the family of ashley murphy and i get exactly what you're saying of course but i could list off very unfortunately and people i know who were brutally brutally murdered by people here as well so listen i'm not saying you're wrong or right i'm just saying that it's not like we'd all be perfectly safe just go down to the courthouse and see who's landing in there for the various things that are going on as well it's a mix i'll tell you that plenty of locals okay that's it we're going to see you tomorrow morning at nine stay tuned