Right guys, how are we welcome back to another video? My name is Jacob McDonald. This is my YouTube channel and today I bring you a Video as a rugby player reacting to the most disastrous and That's in capital letters Football League ever the most disastrous football league ever and that's interesting. You know this video is were created by a Guy called KTO Carlston the Oracle I'm assuming his first names Carlston. I wouldn't know Either way this video was created in 2017. I started following the league in 2018 and since then there's been a couple of there's been you know that the the AAF There's been the XFL. There's been the NFL of course And I you know I I tend to I tend to think that there's been another one too either way guys. This is the strangest League ever aka the most Disastrous football league ever at seven minutes and 27 seconds long. I have Absolutely, no idea what we're gonna see here and that's that's what makes reaction videos, you know Reaction videos, you know at the end of the day if you've seen it before Doesn't doesn't mean as much so meet the most disastrous football league ever. Let's get into it disastrous Over 40 years ago All right of Gary Davidson announced on October 7th, 1973 creation of the 1974 I don't know. It was gonna be that far back for God's sake It was going to be a 12 team format that was set to kick off in July of 1974 honestly, this seemed like the perfect time to compete with the NFL in the spring of 1974 players were threatened to go in strikes due to disagreements with those chops Even if it seems small this startup league had a fighting chance Well, it seems likely I mean This league claimed it was going to take American football onto a worldwide stage with their championship game being called I'm gonna say one thing right here right here right now. I am so very interested in seeing how far the rock AKA Dwayne Johnson can take the XFL this year, right? So there's been training camps all over the world all over the country Sorry all over the US and Dwayne Johnson has been at every single one. Can you imagine going to an XFL?  He's bringing the XFL Back in 2023, but we're not talking about 2023 We're talking about the 1970s and we're talking about the world ball world ball yet The furthest the WFL ever reached was placing a team in Hawaii get this they were called the Hawaiians I just thought some of these team names were odd the Birmingham Americans the Detroit wheels the Philadelphia Bell and a variety of others Keepers creepers. Oh look, that's that's What the Houston Texans Houston Texans? I did see that. Yeah, I did see that interesting names I mean, this is the 1970s. Let's be honest.  Well, yeah, the modern NFL expansion team would later adopt Chicago fire I don't mind that others that have stuck on that at all the Charlotte Hornets the Memphis Grizzlies and the Chicago fire There was quite a bit of differences in the world football league in NFL Here are some of the differences over time was divided into two halves of seven and a half minutes each starting with There's never really this look if it's an overtime game. I mean that's That's an anomaly. There's not really that many overtime games But if it was it was divided into two halves of seven and a half minutes each starting with a kickoff But one of the teams the completed the complete overtime was always played Okay, so that doesn't mean that The first score wins the game. It's gonna be 15 minutes of of the best. I Don't mind that Off by one of the teams which I personally think this is a better system Yeah, I think so has today on the field the WFL went with yellow footballs and flashy uniforms The league also wanted to experiment with color-coded pants based on player positions This never really took off, but that would have been something at the end of the season They presented the MVP with a cash prize of $10,000.  The device was two and a half yards long It only needed one person to run it instead of a full chain crew Imagine a ball carrier gets tackled closer to the first down and the announcer's got to be like It looks to be real close. Here comes out the dicker rod because finding three people to run a chain crew isn't all that Sadly What is my life come to what am I doing? I've never caught on Two and a half yards build up a two and a half yard measuring stick I'm not quite sure how that works, but either way the teams in the beginning the league held a college draft The first six rounds were held on January 22nd 1974 with the remaining 30 rounds two weeks later for a startup league The WFL actually had excellent talent. A lot of dudes spent time Nanna fell whether it was before or after this league just to name a few sounds like the AIF really Alfred Jenkins became an all-pro receiver for The Falcons Jack Dolbin started in a Super Bowl for the Broncos in my last video I mentioned Hall of Famer and reigning Super Bowl MVP Larry Zonka And a few of his teammates played in the WFL Zonka said he was getting paid 50k a year to play for the Dolphins and when the WFL offered him 3.5 million over two years. He couldn't say no another Hall of Famer who joined the league Sorry, who sorry. Okay. Yeah, the contracts are one thing, but who's putting up the money And you ever heard of Vince Pauly from the movie indencible He actually got a star in the WFL and made the first catch in league history to kick off the inaugural season The WFL showed major promise. Early attendance numbers were actually very impressive Celebrities were even showing up to games names like Bert Reynolds and Elvis Presley. The Philadelphia Bell Elvis Presley Tell you well, that's the first time I've ever heard the likes of Elvis Presley being involved with the game of football But this is the 70s. Well, then 55,000 probably eating a peanut butter sandwich, right? And over 64,000 for their second home game This turned out to be pseudo success the league found out later. The team had been lying about how many tickets they had sold It turned out the team had only sold 13,000 in their first game and just over 5,000 in the second Okay, well, how can you get away with telling people you've sold 64,000 seats? They had just let thousands of people pour into the game for free Investors and sponsors that were completely ruining the league's credibility. This was probably the turning point of this league There was a game later for the bell that season or they only had 750 fans show up. Here's the truth about teams in the WFL Several of the 12 teams paid way less than the original franchise fee required This resulted in teams being completely underfunded and not being able to meet the most basic necessities Here are some sad and harsh realities of some of these teams Only three teams could even pay their players every week. The Florida Blazers lived off of McDonald's mill vouchers after not being paid for three months Well, hey, I don't mind McDonald's but Well, that must have been the early days of McDonald's to be honest back in the 70s I mean, there's a guy who's who's who's eating a Big Mac every single day for 40 years And he hadn't even started back then the Portland storm were reportedly being fed by sympathetic fans When the Hornets couldn't pay their laundry bill, they had their jerseys impounded So this is pretty disastrous that he tried wheels didn't have enough money to buy it Is it as disastrous as the AIF? Yeah, it is. Yeah, athletic tape They ran out in the middle of a game and luckily for them There was a guy who donated enough for them to finish the game No, I thought there were multiple teams who relocated mid-season one of them being Jacksonville Which was the team that was supposed to host the world sharks due to this They had to try and relocate the championship game and the start look at those names much better The Hornets the second-place team in the east only sold a thousand tickets for their first game and new to not reach in That is out of the postseason. How the hell can you only sell us thousand tickets for a game? Doesn't matter where you are in the States Surely Surely There's gonna be over a thousand people that want to want to see a football game live I mean really Entirely in what's supposed to be the climax of the season was truly mediocre at best the world bowl between the Americans and the Blazers both teams hadn't been paid in weeks The Americans almost didn't show up to the game until they were promised rings if they won the stadium wasn't even half full It was just not the most hyped up of games the Americans ended up winning and while they were celebrating on the field with their trophy the sheriff's department was going through their locker Room confiscating everything they could find and literally right after their celebration They had their uniforms repossessed to help pay off team debts. Oh my god Somehow the league came back the next season and didn't show kidding me It came back the next season improvement even though they had more NFL talent They had less teams and the league was just less relevant and the WFL folded before the look man at the end of the day You know, I don't even know if it was the AFL or the NFL back then But to come up against the juggernaut That is known as you know the NFL these days It's it's I mean Why why would you why would you is it to make money? Is it to give other players more opportunity? You know the lesser players to you know an opportunity to sort of make make a name of themselves to then get back into the NFL Why would you why actually would you and lo and behold? This is the most disastrous football league ever years later with old stadiums left in ruins in a last desperate attempt at merger The Memphis owner filed a lawsuit against the NFL arguing. They had violated anti-trust laws and should be allowed to be in the NFL They didn't win the case Ironically with a league that wanted to be known for more than football in America and expand worldwide Their only champion ever would be a team with the nickname Americans the last five games we didn't get paid for We continue to play With reservations after some of the kids and my guys played for free I guess a tough game to play for free Certainly is it's a tough game and it was a tough there's a tough game today And it's a fucking tough game back then and if you're playing it for free and I look I've made this famous quote saying look, I wouldn't take that hit for a million dollars You know, that's that's the straight-up truth I wouldn't I wouldn't take the hits that these guys do for a million dollars And that's why they take it for a five million or ten million and to take it for free That's not right Either way guys that is the most disastrous football league ever and I hope you guys enjoyed Thank you for watching. I'm going to get out of here because I've got plenty more videos to watch In fact the next one is going to be titled The game the NFL wants you to forget and I'll see you then cheers guys and peace out


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In this lecture, we review some basic high school math concepts that you'll need in our statistics course. Before we get to the binomial distribution, we have to take a slight regression and review permutations and combinations. A permutation is an arrangement. So, for example, I ask you how many ways can you arrange the letters A, B, and C? Note that ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA have six different permutations of the letters A, B, and C. Of course, they all have the same, in quotes, combination. They all have A, B, and C in them. But as a permutation, since it's arranged differently, ABC is not CBA. It's a different arrangement. So, we're going to learn how to do a permutation. This is a formula for that. Well, we have three letters, A, B, and C. We want you to know how many ways, how many permutations you have. Well, we have to know how many slots you have, positions. All right? So, we're going to define N, how many objects, get A, B, and C, and we have R, the number of slots. So, slot number one, we can put an A, B, or C in. And slot two, once you start with, let's say, slot when you have an A, there's only two things left for slot two. So, you start with A, you've got B, C, B, or C. And then, of course, there's only one thing left for slot three. So, if you start with an A, and you put a B in slot two, then slot three, or you're left with a C. Now, let's say you start in slot one, you start with a B, right? In slot two, you've got a choice, A or C. And let's say you have B, then A, then you're stuck. In slot three, you've got only one. So, again, in slot one, we have three letters to choose from, A, B, or C. In slot two, you're only going to have two letters left. And finally, in slot three, you only have one unused letter. Notice it's three times two times one. That's how we got the six. And you can see the six different permutations. A, B, C, A, C, B, B, A, C, A, C, A, B, C, B, A. When you do this in your calculator, you'll see a key that has N, P, R. The P stands for permutations. Usually it's together with the N, C, R key. One will be the first function, one will be the second function. So, both be on your calculator. It's the N, P, R, and N, C, R. It's got to be a scientific calculator. So, P stands for permutation. N is the number of distinct objects you want to arrange. And R is the number of slots or spaces, if you wish. So, the previous example, we started with A, B, C. We have three objects, A, B, C. We want to put them into three slots. On your calculator, that will be three permutation, three. Three P, three. And when you play with it in your calculator, you'll see it's six. Three P, three is six. The general formula for permutation, you want to do it by formula, not by calculator, NPR is N factorial over N minus R factorial. Okay? What does factorial mean? So, 10 factorial means 10 times 9 times 8 times 7 times 6 times 5 times 4 times 3 times 2 times 1. This is a huge number. Alright? 6 factorial is 6 times 5 times 4 times 3 times 2 times 1, which actually is 720. Always remember, 0 factorial is 1. Okay? So now, so NPR is N factorial over N minus R factorial. Of course, when N equals R, the NPM becomes N factorial over N minus N, which is 0 factorial, which is 1. So NPN is simply just N factorial. Okay? So this is a formula that you can use if you want to use a formula. So NPR is N factorial over N minus R factorial. And remember that if R equals N, then you're just looking at N factorial over 1, or just N factorial. Let's look at some problems that involve permutations. How many ways can you assign 5 workers to 5 different tasks? Well, N is 5 if 5 workers. The task for your slots. Okay? So you have 5 P5. Well, here's where N equals R. So it's 5 factorial over, if you want, over 0 factorial, which is 1. So it's just 5 factorial. This is 5 times 4 times 3 times 2 times 1. That's 120. So there are 120 ways you can do this. How many ways... Example 2. How many ways can you arrange 10 different books in your bookcase? And you have a bookcase, a small one. And it's ruled for exactly 5 books. Well, that's 10. N is 10. 10 books. But you only have 5 slots. So 10 P5. And that works out to 10 times 9 times 8 times 7 times 6. Works out to 30,240.  It's just 10 P5.  Well, again, here we have 8 cars. N is 8. But we have 8 slots. There are 8 positions for these cars. So it's 8 P8, which is 8 factorial, which is 40,020. Here's another one. How many ways can you arrange 12 guests around the table and have 12 chairs? The chairs are like slots. Well, you have 12 guests. And it's 12 P12 or 12 factorial ways of arranging them. And that works out to 479,600,000. And as we note, this is why you get lots of fights in families with weddings and seating arrangements, because they say something like, you know, Jane O'Rourke, why'd you seat me near John? You know, I don't like John. You know, it's a permutation problem. And every table, and you can have 12 tables if there's an issue. With permutations, the arrangement is important. Each unique sequence is another permutation. As I mentioned, ABC is not the same as DCA. And they're both different from CBA. It's like the thing we have in the seating plan. John near Jane is not the same as pudding Jane near John, near somebody else. You know, each one's a different arrangement. With combinations, on the other hand, ABC, BCA, CBA, it's all the same thing. We all have the same combination of A, B, and C in them. So, for example, I ask you, how many different groups of three can be selected from seven people? So we're going to call these people ABC, D, E, F, G, we have seven people, and we want how many different groups of three? Of course, once you select B, D, and E, the six different ways you can arrange B, D, and E is irrelevant. It's full B, D, and E. It's kind of with cards, of course. You have a hand of five cards, and you have four aces. Nobody cares on how they were arranged. You can say, I've got four aces in my hand. On your calculator, you'll see NCR. It's basically NPR. But you've got to shrink it, reduce it by R factorial. So the formula for NCR, N combination R, N objects, R slots, NCR is N factorial. Over R factorial times N minus R factorial. Again, use your calculator. That's the best way to do this. So the previous problem, we had how many groups of three can be selected from seven people? That's seven combination three. Well, if you do any calculator, you get the answer 35. If you want to do it by hand, it's seven factorial over three factorial times four factorial. A little trick. In the denominator, the two numbers always add up to the numerator. It's got to add up to N. So when you see three and four, you don't answer the seven, so you probably got to write. Okay, so just use your NCR key. Once you recognize that a problem is a combination problem. If it's a permutation problem, you're going to use the NPR key for a combination problem and NCR key. Look at this problem. Example one. How many different hands can one draw from a deck of 52 cards? That's a typical deck. And you're playing seven card Rami. So how many hands of seven? Remember, this is a combination. Because we don't really care about how it comes in. You just want to know how many different hands can you get? Well, 52 combination seven. Notice the 52 factorial over seven factorial times 45 factorial. Again, seven and 45 is 52. See how you got it right. 52 combination seven is a huge number. One and 33 million, seven, 84, five, 60. That's your answer. Example two. How many samples of size N equals six can be drawn from a population of size capital N equals 50? Notice using small N for the sample. The population now, capital N is 50. Well, that's 50 combination six. And notice how large that is. 15 million, 890, 700. Quite a few different possible samples that you can get. In fact, samples in general should be seen as a combination situation, a combination problem.


TLO what's poppin? We are on kick KICK.com We ain't live but you can leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification bells. Let's continue To grow the family from Chicago to the UK If we do go live and you miss it, this is where you can catch the highlights Don't forget. We do got merch appreciate everybody who's purchased some And this is the patreon we upload five days a week The link to all of this is in the description below It's under the link tree click it It'll be there Lucy let be I See the news I see what's going on. I seen it late. I just literally seen it Saturday What's today's date August 26? I just seen it today There's a whole documentary already out I Need to know from start to finish what's going on with this lady and I'm not holding my tongue Not to keep me calm. I am doing this video my my You know I'm saying My seed is behind me. She's asleep So you just gonna see a lot of faces and I'm what I will pause though. Don't get it twisted. Let's get into it Let me is accused of the murder of seven babies and the attempted murder of ten others While she was working on the neo-natal unit at the can tess of Chester Hospital Let me denies all of the charges over the incidents. Lucy. Let me was well seven babies with ten attempt and ten attempt The only person working on the night shift was alleged in court for their mother who's apparently told I miss let me Trust me. I'm a nurse Just over nine months ago. The trial of Lucy let me began She was accused of the most shocking of crimes Murder of seven babies and the attempted murder of ten others. She always denied all the charges I'm Liz Hull northern correspondent for the mail and I'm Caroline Cheatham a broadcast journalist I was in court every day watching the trial unfold and together we created our podcast the trial of Lucy Let me we examined what happened and brought you the details behind the headlines Allowing you to be part of each moment of the trial Okay, the podcast was groundbreaking because it was the first time in the UK that a podcast covered a live trial week by week You listened in your millions and now we're going to bring you the I feel which I was saying but people do that on Tiktok already is not groundbreaking But salute if I guess for the Daily Mail to come and do it. Yes, it is big for y'all but Freelance journalism won't take talk. They've been doing it Inside story of what happened during the trial and how the jury reached their verdicts. This is the trial of Lucy let me the inside story This story starts back in 2015 back then David Cameron was Prime Minister Facebook got a billion users NASA found water on Mars and almost 700,000 babies were born in the UK 3000 of them were born at the Countess of Chester Hospital in the northwest of England But over the next 12 months from June 2015 to June 2016 It slowly became apparent something unthinkable might be happening doctors noticed that there was a sudden spike in deaths and near deaths on the neonatal unit where Premature and poorly babies are cared for so they started to investigate When they failed to find a medical reason police were eventually called in and after an investigation Lusting for more than a year. They arrested a young band five nurse who had worked at the hospital for several years in November 2020 Lucy let me was charged with the murder and attempted murder of 17 babies and After deliberating for 20 no stop stop What type of six sadistic? Does this? Like I don't care what you got going on in your life to take first of all a Baby a kid a child is one of the innocent most innocent things on earth Did nothing to you and In their parents 22 days the jury found Lucy let me guilty of the murder of seven babies and the attempted murder of six more At the Countess of Chester Hospital in Cheshire She will go down as the most prolific child killer in British history So this from the minute we started work on this podcast, which was back in October last year we had The whole families of every baby at the forefront of our mind the mums and the dads The cousins the aunties the uncles the brothers and the sisters Because we knew we had to do this right They thought their child had died or been hurt or been poorly Because of natural reasons natural causes And the first they knew that this was something much more sinister Was for some of them five years on when they got a knock on the door from Cheshire police Yeah, I had to relive that whole situation because I know people take this hard anyway. I know people that Have like failed You don't failed in the stomach where it doesn't even make it and they take it real hard. So imagine having a preemie And it passing That's heartbreaking and then five years later getting a knock on your door saying it wasn't natural somebody did that Two-day-year-old Can't imagine really horrendous and then a lot of them obviously had to give statements to the police and some of them came to court Themselves to give evidence and had to listen to the most awful details about what happened to their child Nurse came up and asked whether I wanted someone to call a priest I Remember feeling quite shocked and I asked if she thought he was going to die She responded. Yes, I think so when we got there.  She looked like she was going to die Our daughter could go from perfectly fine to nearly dying in seconds. There was no in between Our daughter seemed to deteriorate when we left her alone and predominantly at night I was praying to my god to see my boy and help him. I was asking my god to save him My husband was not saying anything, but he was crying and crying We made the decision to switch off the machines and let her go It was by far the hardest decision of my life Our daughter was in my husband's arms when she took her last breath and silently passed away That audio is so hard to listen to isn't it because they were the actual words of the parents Who gave evidence to this court either in person just two of them did or in statements and for the podcast As you know Liz we got them voiced up by actors because one of the things we wanted to do on the podcast was to take our Listeners into that courtroom to try to put them where we were and to kind of put across the emotion of it being in there you know some of these I'm a mum, you know some of these mums had to get up there and Describe what they'd seen and what had happened to their child and obviously Lucy Latvia is in the room Yeah, she's in the room as well and court a courtroom is quite a scary place as well You know if you're not used to being in the courtroom they're austere places. I mean the other thing you know what? The judicial dissist them has done their job But she has to answer to something higher at the end of the day She has to answer to something higher and she has to answer in jail, too And I know how the UK is set up. They got prisons inside of prisons to to protect high profile You know I'm saying people like this But somehow some way Thing as well is that this was the first time these parents knew What Lucy let be had allegedly done to the other children in this trial Yeah, they couldn't draw the dots until they were actually there and watching and You know that moment of realization of you know the full extent of the case must have been pretty horrendous So Liz from the moment the jury was sworn in that's the jury of eight women and four men for this case Which was in October last year. They were told it was gonna be a long trial. I think they were told it was going to be probably six months They didn't know they were gonna give up probably the best part of a year of their lives but they were also told it was going to be complex and How complex was it? I mean, I've got the figures. We're talking about five thousand Five hundred police statements. We're talking about thirty two thousand two hundred exhibits and more than thirteen thousand pages of audio Transcripts and all that related to Lucy let be who faced 22 charges relating to 17 babies. Yeah, but actually Caroline Nobody will ever know the identities of these babies that really should be at the center of the trial They were at the center of the trial And that's because of the strict reporting restrictions that were on the case to protect their identities on the identities of their families So we would call them baby ATQ. Yeah, that's right What we do know is what Lucy let me did the way that she attacked the babies her modus operandi We know how she attacked them. They'll never know why she attacked them She had a number of techniques.  Well, the prosecution said that her favorite method of killing and harming these babies was injecting them with air and that caused an air bubble or an air embolus in their bloodstream which blocked the blood flow and essentially killed them that way Now we don't really know What triggered this kind of killing spree? Yo, this is somebody you're supposed to trust like she went to school for this vigorously That she went on but we do know that she went on a course which taught her how to deal with long lines and injecting medicine into certain cannulas and There were prosecution speculated that maybe that was what taught her about air embolus And that's when she went on to kill baby a a couple of weeks later Two weeks before the death of baby a Lucy let be completed a course relating to intravenous lines Nobody even would think twice about her taking the course. She's a nurse And on the course the dangers of air embolus were mentioned Is that just a coincidence, or is that what gave her the idea? We will never know We say Lucy let be killed baby a with an injection of air into the bloodstream When he collapsed she was standing over him She tried the same thing with his sister the following night, but miraculously she survived He tried to do twins like that So baby D was another child that was injected with air she was the third baby to die in a fortnight in June 2015 and And She was the actually the only baby in the case that was full term She wasn't premature and the reason she was there was because her mum had had a really long and difficult labor She'd been in labor for 60 hours and the doctors thought that She had an infection when she was born because she was having a few problems breathing So that's the reason and she was in the neonatal unit. Yeah, because it catered mainly for premature babies She shouldn't have been there really And actually you'll remember this really well from Cortley's that her mom and then it was the neonatal unit because Creamies, you know, it's really up in the air really This is so methodically planned like was the first parent to give evidence in person one of the key things she told the court was that Lucy let be was sort of what she called hovering Around baby D's cot at one point making her and her husband feel pretty uncomfortable Nurses did go and get her parents to bring them to nursery one because it was clear that their daughter was seriously in As we've heard the parents had gone to rest a few hours earlier But the next thing they knew they were woken up in the middle of the night by a nurse in a panic Baby D's mother explained what happened next to the court and her words have been voiced here by an actor She just said our daughter was very poorly and you need to come down We were fast asleep. So we didn't really know what was going on The nurse helped me get into the wheelchair and we rushed downstairs Dr. Brunton was holding her trying to resuscitate. He was trying really hard We were just standing there looking at her dying Someone was holding a phone to his ear. He was quite agitated and then Dr. Baby told him they had to let go He had to stop She tapped him on the shoulder and said you've got to let her go He stopped massaging her and pronounced the time of her death and I couldn't stay in the room anymore So I asked my husband to take me away That's a parent. That's gotta be Just the initial thing and then to relive it again five years later to know this Bro, they're better than me because I would have been in the courtroom with a with the craziest zombie I would have wanted revenge, but they're better than me You know I'm saying that's but that's I couldn't handle this I'm sure a lot of people came. We attacked three times during that night shift and the allegation was that Lucy let me pump to air into a bloodstream three times and During the final Attempts to save her life when the doctor sadly couldn't resuscitate her They noticed this strange discoloration on her abdomen and on her tummy and this rash this kind of Purpley blotchy rash became quite a feature of the case Well, and actually a lot of the doctors and nurses didn't know what it was They've never seen something like that before the sort of flitting They called it flitting rash that sort of moved and came and went And they didn't know you know what was causing it and they didn't know why they figure out Well this baby, but then as it turned out more babies more babies so baby ease mom also gave evidence in person to the court didn't she and Again a sort of traumatic moment in the courtroom But what happened in her case was that she was never meant to be at the countess She was meant to have her twins at Liverpool women's because there was a condition that should have went to Liverpool I'm not blaming this on the hospital. Yes. I am I'm You really can't blame it on the hospital, but this is like you can't trust nobody It's a new fear unlocked been diagnosed and they were better there when she went into labor There were no beds So she and her husband drove the 30 miles live up to the countess of Chester to have the twins there and The reason we've chosen this as a key moment in the podcast was because this was one of the moments that Lucy let be Was interrupted attacking one of the twins and on this evening it was a couple of days after the boys have been born and their mother was on her own actually in the hospital recovering from a caesarean and Her husband had actually gone home Because there was anticipated that the boys were gonna go or be transferred to a hospital near their home to be cared for Because they were doing well because they were doing well Yeah, and so in the evening of the 3rd of August she'd been down to see them in the neonatal unit She'd changed their nappy. She'd done what's called their cares So she'd kind of wiped their eyes and their neck and then a couple of hours later She around nine o'clock at night. She went to deliver some breast milk And that's when she arrived on the neonatal unit and described hearing her son screaming And horrendous scream it was described as and that's when the prosecution said she she actually interrupted Lucy let be mid attack Let me hear this I could hear my son crying and it was like nothing. I had heard before I Walked over to the incubator to see blood coming out of his mouth and I panicked I was panicking because I felt like there was something wrong was Lucy let be near your son when you walked in No, there was a workstation and she was at the workstation Just describe what you could hear. I could hear crying What sort of crying? It was a sound that should not have come from a tiny baby. It was horrendous. It was more of a scream than a cry How long before you walked into the room? Could you hear that? I could hear it in the little corridor What was Lucy let be doing as you walked in hearing what you could hear She was busy doing something, but she wasn't near my son Off-top, I would have blamed her You don't hear my son like you don't have my baby in here doing all this like that to me that screams I'm trying to play something off But in the moment, I guess, you know I'm saying you're not expecting that you're not really thinking like that and when Baby E's mom actually went into the room to the cock to see him Now he had blood around his mouth at that point and she was really worried But she went back to the ward because Lucy let be told her to But later when he collapsed and doctors were trying to save him this bleeding got worse and worse Yeah, and One of the doctors also noticed that he had a rash on his body And he remembered that this rash was like the one that he'd seen on baby a day and Sadly they worked on him for almost 50 minutes And the doctors just couldn't save him and he died in the early hours 50 minutes of see yeah on a tiny baby and obviously his parents were called in and they watched a lot of that Process and sadly had to watch him slip away But we come back to the rash again. Well, this is sick of me This is sick of me That keeps coming up in this trial Yeah, what's the rash still at this point the doctors and nurses were noticing it But didn't know why it was that didn't know what it meant didn't know really that it was significant But then are there no cameras in the mic you I'm trying to think I think there are There's a moment isn't there again Which is why we pick this out from the podcast because it was a bit of a turning point really in the doctors And nurses wondering what was going on So one of the doctors in this case a doctor called Ravi J. Ram. He was a consultant He started to research this rash not so much later on but yeah a lot later on but he then realized that This rash could be a consequence a sign of an air ambulance Dr. Jarrion said he didn't realize the clinical significance of the rash until months later after more babies had died And it had been present in others who collapsed He said the research paper which the jury heard is well known among pediatricians Examined the effect of air embolus. That's air in the circulation of newborns Meredith Gray would have caught that right away And it described almost exactly the rash and the skin discoloration that was seen on the body of baby a I remember sitting on my sofa at home with the iPad and I remember reading that description and the physical chill That went down my spine because it fitted with what we were seeing So it was at this point after the deaths of baby D and baby E That doctors on this unit started to look at what was going on. Yeah, because it don't make sense You know I'm saying these doctors are prideful very prideful some of them have got Complexes so when stuff going on and they losing patience they go they lose sleep over that And they start obsessing over it like no way. Let's let's get to the bottom of it Same thing over and over because it just didn't feel right these babies who shouldn't be collapsing and dying They were collapsing and dying unexpectedly They were meant to be going home. They were meant to be getting better and Dr. Ravi J. Ram started to look at it along with another doctor called Steven Breary And the two of them started to look at what was going on And they noticed which is the key thing that Lucy let me was on duty every single time one of these babies collapsed or died and Gotta look for the common things What's what do all of these have in common? at the beginning they just Noted it down and said it was an association they Because they couldn't believe that a nurse Would do this do what they called the unthinkable and attack babies And it wasn't until a few months later that they actually went to the hospital managers and said We think there's something about this nurse being on duty every single time and Dr. J. Ram told the court that the Circumstances of baby Kay's collapse prompted he and dr. Breary to raise their concerns a second time to hospital managers This time the court heard they took their concerns to the medical director as well Dr. J. Ram told the court the dr. Breary even asked for a meeting between the consultant How embarrassed is the hospital about this like what's going on? I know they had to pay some crazy money Like in lawsuits. I know none of that money can bring back kids or that means nothing But I know they had to pay out crazy And some hospital managers to discuss their concerns But they were ignored and the pair faced pressure not to make a fuss dr. J. Ram said No one came back to the consultants for another three months dr. J. Ram claimed and he told jurors that in hindsight He wished he'd bypassed official channels and gone straight to the police himself In court mr. Myers suggested it was difficult to believe that if dr. J. Ram had witnessed what he said he had with baby Kay and Really suspected someone was harming babies on his unit that he hadn't done precisely that Their robust exchange in court which starts with mr. Myers has been voiced by actors You have a duty to look after children on your unit if you think someone is deliberately harming them You do your best to protect them. I did my best by raising concerns to senior executive level medical management Concerns were first raised by my colleague to file on a protocol, but sometimes protocol is not enough You know I'm saying morality overtakes that And I'm not a go-go tell the police person, but this I'm instantly a yo This ain't nothing gangster like this is real life Dr. Breary in February we raised them again Lucy let me continue to work on this department for another four months or so in retrospect I wish we had bypassed them and gone straight to the police We by no means were playing judge and jury at any point, but the association was becoming clearer and clearer We were in an unprecedented situation. No one trains us for this. We were not thinking could this be deliberate harm So obviously back in June July 2015 Dr. Jay Ram and Dr. Breary were having conversations this association. Yeah, I remember man. These doctors y'all are geniuses So if y'all say something like y'all get to think it's something like Like it's almost I said like I believe it So if y'all would have came to me and told me like Lucy, I think Lucy is doing it Listen, I would have went and grabbed Lucy by the side forgets my bad Let me get she had been made because Lucy let be seemed always be there at these unexpected moments When babies were collapsing and dying Well, then it was October the same year when These concerns started to escalate and other doctors were getting involved in these conversations, wasn't it? so they said basically that they were talking to their Colleagues and this was a key part of the prosecution case But it was also a key part of Lucy let be defense because she said in court that Four of these consultants in particular the gang of form as they were termed in court Had it in for essentially and we're trying to blame her for the failings at the hospital for mistakes that were made and for the Bailey's death and actually when she gave evidence later in the trial That was the accusation. She made to Nick Johnson the prosecutor She named four consultants dr. Jayram dr. Stephen Breary Dr. John Gibbs and dr. B a consultant We haven't been able to name as being out to get her She said the four were involved in a conspiracy to blame her for the baby's deaths You may also remember that she told the judge I had to flip it worry that when she'd written the word Bastards on another of the notes She was referring to dr. Breary and dr. Jayram because she was angry that they pointed the finger at her Are you suggesting there's some sort of agreement between medical staff to get you in the consultants group? I do believe yes Four doctors a gang of four. Let's call them. What's the conspiracy? They have apportioned blame on to me the motive Yeah, what's the reason leave to cover failings at the hospital And and it was pointed out in court that actually the that's that's cap who would believe that To cover failings. Yes, you're low enough in the totem pole where like Get rid of her but like it was not so you're not significant enough to put that on like It doesn't make sense for them to do that to you Consultants did everything they could really to find a medical reason a medical explanation for what was going on Because nobody really wanted to believe that one of their own was attacking babies and doing what they said was the unthinkable Yeah, and in fact, it was so unthinkable that dr. Steven Breary actually said Not Lucy not nice Lucy when this was suggested I'm not even gonna cat Lucy don't even look like she would do nothing like that, but that's the thing man in the world world You can't play it by book like by looks Like that's saying because golden don't show the book by its cover. It goes both ways Don't think somebody is too nice for something. Don't think somebody looks too mean it is No, because nobody wanted to believe it The other reason that the court was told by the prosecutor that this allegation that the gang of four were out to get her was fanciful according to the prosecutor at Johnson was because these four experienced consultants had ignored the key medical evidence in this case, which was the insulin Yeah, so when they went to the managers, they didn't actually know that two of the babies on the unit had already been poisoned and He mr. Johnson pointed that out saying, you know, it was amazing that they missed essentially the best bit of evidence against her and it was only Years later when the police got involved and started investigating that they actually unearthed these two blood samples That were taken eight months apart baby boys from two separate sets of twins that were poisoned eight months apart And that's the that's the type of mistakes or overlooks that be anger on me too because if y'all would have caught that maybe others Wouldn't have had to lose their lives as well And the insulin was found to be in these blood samples and it had to be insulin that was manufactured It couldn't have been produced by them themselves. It was given to them deliberately and because they didn't need it It was given to them to cause harm Do you agree that baby F was poisoned with insulin? Yes Knowing what you know about insulin readings blood sugar readings. What are the realistic possibilities in baby L's case? I don't believe any member of the unit would make a mistake Mistake is not an option. Yes Deliberate poisoning but not you Insulin has been added by somebody but not me So we know that attack on baby F came the day after his brother, baby E was murdered And that was a particularly moving moment in court Liz. I remember the description of what happened there Yeah, so the manner of his attack was just horrendous The way it was described in court He was attacked by having what they think was a metal instrument shoved down his throat which triggered this bleeding and As they desperately tried to resuscitate him. He lost a quarter of the blood in his body And you know, obviously that one of the doctors that was present there was describing There's a lot of things that's going on on earth. It's restoring faith in humanity But then you hear something like this. It's like 20 steps forward 40 steps back man 100 steps back In this moment and was clearly traumatized by what he saw Doctors began full CPR when his heart stopped beating The court heard dr. Harkness led the resuscitation efforts alongside nurses Caroline Oakley, Lucy Letby and another colleague Belinda Williamson jurors were told the resuscitation Lucy let her like something's wrong with her because she would do it and then she would stand there and watch and try to help resuscitate like she was getting enjoyment fulfillment like she was Like unravel that like what's the issue was distressing because baby E continued to bleed profusely From his nose and mouth while the medical team desperately tried to save him Over the course of the next 47 minutes with his parents close by the medical team gave baby Do they do I taught up tops. What's the word? I'm top sees for any of the children The five doses of adrenaline to try and stimulate his heart Yes, and unusually like in the case of baby C Baby E's heartbeat returned momentarily just after 1 a.m But by then he had been without oxygen for around 15 minutes and doctors soon realized he was unlikely to survive CPR was stopped at around 123 a.m. And baby E was given to his parents to cuddle as he passed away He was formerly pronounced dead at 140 a.m Now after he died The initial thought from the doctors was that he died from natural causes. They advised the parents not to have a post-mortem and that Was was a wrong decision really It was a really terrible mistake and they would have got a post-mortem T. See I just said that They would have got a post-mortem on this they would have figured out Initially the consultant thought that he'd got some kind of stomach bleed due to a kind of bowel condition that premature babies get But that was later disproved by the medical experts So these decision not to have a post-mortem meant that actually Although they suspected that he'd been assaulted Like in the case of one of the triplets baby. Oh who had a terrible liver injury They couldn't actually prove that baby E had been assaulted and when the consultant gave evidence in court it produced It's more and more and more and more errors Of course, we can look at it from the outside or in hindsight and be like man They should have did that but in the moment, you know as medical professionals They just going off you know because obviously they're not thinking that somebody but at this point they have suspicions They should have been doing everything. It's a really dramatic moment Yes in court the doctor turned to baby E's parents who were sitting in the public gallery behind her and Publicly apologized for this She said she regretted that decision because obviously a post-mortem would have been very helpful in explaining exactly why baby E died The doctor went on to explain to the jury why she changed her mind about baby E's cause of death And why she thought the bowel condition was no longer to blame Yeah, she said she'd since examined the results of blood tests and x-rays taken in the run-up to his death She said his observations were very stable up until he collapsed Which didn't fit with what would have happened if he had had the bowel problem She also said she'd failed to give enough weight to the x-ray taken around an hour before his death and had been normal So because there was no post-mortem for baby E The prosecution didn't really have the medical evidence to prove that he had been assaulted even though the evidence of the bleeding Was pretty conclusive But in the case of baby O who was also the prosecution said Visually assaulted by Lucy Letby. It was a different matter because that was clear on the post-mortem records, wasn't it? Yeah, so he had a post-mortem And the post-mortem results were looked at by the prosecution's expert Dr. Andreas Marna-Ede's who found severe liver injury which he said was akin really only to Children he'd seen that suffered injuries in road traffic accidents and of course baby O was a triplet his brother was baby P and they were both murdered by Lucy Letby within Hours actually of her coming back onto the ward after she'd been on holiday to Ibiza and in fact What we also heard was that the prosecution say that she also Planned to kill the third triplet, but he was moved off the ward his parents essentially begged doctors From the transport team and they arrived to take baby P Sadly, he died and they begged and begged the doctors to take the surviving triplet out of out of the Countess to another hospital Good thing they did Like what was wrong with Lucy did she like She might have kids and was taking it out on people or like what? This baby boy was a triplet and he and his two brothers were identical because they shared a placenta now while triplets themselves are rare Identical triplets conceived naturally like these baby boys were are even more unusual So rare in fact it happens in just one in 200 million births The prosecution say Lucy Letby didn't just murder baby. Oh, she also killed his brother baby P She's accused of injecting both boys with air into their tummies and bloodstreams causing them to collapse and die Statement to the court of the triplets mother described what she'd witnessed On June 23rd a doctor came Onto the ward and said baby O's stomach had swollen and he was needing help to breathe So they had put a tube down his throat and lots of medical staff were rushing around I remember the nurse Lucy was there all the time The staff seemed to be in a state of panic. I Just sat outside the nursery. I couldn't bring myself to go closer. My partner was closer to what was going on Baby O kept arresting and he changed color which I saw later with baby P He was swollen all over his body another doctor called Steve arrived. I think he was one of the main doctors He told me that things weren't looking good for baby. Oh, and if he did manage to survive He would likely have brain damage. It's a tough watch, man So it might be best if we can't even see them, but just to hear it all is tough. He didn't survive This went on all afternoon and eventually baby O passed away at about 5 p.m. This whole episode had come as a bolt out of the blue on the face of it Everything seemed to be going so well for the triplets It was never explained to us how this sudden downturn in baby O's health happened as a family We were naturally devastated And it was actually during baby P's deterioration When Lucy let me made what one of her colleagues described was an absolutely shocking comment I remember saying the transport team are going to be here soon almost thinking out loud I was literally counting the minutes before they arrived Staff nurse let me said he's not leaving here alive. Is he which I found absolutely shocking at the time Did you report that what it like that's almost Admission in my mind, what do you mean by that comment? I turned around and said don't say that All these years on seven years on that memory is still very much alive in my mind Now obviously we know about that comment that was made we know she liked the drama We know she reveled in all of that drama But what she also craved was the attention The attention of a certain doctor who we call doctor a because we couldn't name him during the trial and He was described in court as her boyfriend Although she said they were just friends and that she loved him as a friend But what we know is that he's married But they texted long into the night on many occasions. Yes, so they went on trips to look man I ain't gonna lie to you man never never get involved with somebody I've worked London together. He bought a chocolate. He let it use his car to get home and Actually the first time that we saw any emotion from her was when he came to give evidence and stepped into the witness box For the first time and she broke down in tears and she actually tried to leave the dock But as soon as he gave his name to the court Lucy let me became tearful and stood up from her seat She appeared to try to leave the glass panel dock by the doors which leads to the cells the trial judge mr Justice Goss watched the drama unfold and asked Lucy let me solicitor to just see what the problem is She had a hush conversation with the dock officer and her solicitor before composing herself Although she did continue to wipe her eyes with a tissue as the doctor started to give his evidence The jury was not given an explanation for her reaction and the doctor was allowed to continue with his evidence Were you in love with him? No, I loved dr. A as a friend. I wasn't in love with him One of the theories put to the jury Was that Lucy let be attacked babies in order to get dr. A into the room to get his attention Yes, we already know What you did that to get that man attention to get him in the same room like grow some You that on a number of occasions when babies on the unit collapsed It was dr. A who was crash-bleep to attend what mr. Johnson has now alleged to the court Is that Lucy let be murdered and deliberately harmed some of the children in order to get dr. A into the room Bro straight weirdo That's the weirdest thing I ever heard in my life Like you can do so many other things to get somebody's attention, but you do that Did you enjoy being in these crisis situations with dr. A? No Did it give you something to talk to him about and message him about? No, dr. A and I were friends Something in common you could share No, and it was after the deaths of baby O and baby P Which was in June 2016 that things came to a head and because of what we heard in court We call this episode the tipping point We called it the tipping point because that's what one of the consultants said in his evidence and by June 2016 they'd been repeatedly to the hospital managers to try and act to keep the baby safe and Nobody had done anything and these two babies died and shouldn't have died and they realized that something had to be done The jury have heard from some of the key consultants on the neonatal unit who said they demanded that Lucy let be removed from the ward in June 2016 They claim they went to hospital managers more than once as their suspicions grew But on each occasion they claim their request was refused and their concerns were ignored Dr. Breary insisted he repeatedly tried to flag concerns to the correct channels at the hospital Pressed about exactly why he didn't make a formal complaint Or go to the police. Dr. Breary told Mr. Myers Tell you man hospital wasn't hospital and Wasn't protecting making it more simplistic than it was it was not something that anyone wanted to consider that member of staff Was harming babies Actually the senior nursing staff on the unit didn't like like I said earlier like you think about it If doctors are raising concerns, they might be on to something because they went to school for like 15 years I'm not saying that equates to like common sense, but like they they know a little something Smarter than your average Quick critical thinking they come on now Believe this could be true off until the point and beyond of course nobody like It's that whoever's in that head seat don't want to take that type of accountability where it's somebody that staff Looks bad on us looks bad on us like bro. So you can let it when the triplets died That year was spent with myself and colleagues with increasing suspicion after every episode None of us wanted to believe it either This all became very exceptional and it took a step back to think about it the nature of these collapses the unexpected nature of them The lack of response to resuscitation the unusual rash noted on a number of occasions and each time the association with nurse Let me and he told the court that once Lucy let me was removed from the unit a few days after the triplets died There were no more events It was the same staff doing the same job, and there were no sudden collapses So Lucy let me was removed from the ward and allocated to what was called other duties after the death of the two boys Dr. John gives their deaths as the tipping point in court After the deaths of the triplets because concerns had reached a tipping point Safety measures were introduced in one of the key safety measures which the consultants were insistent on was Lucy Let me be removed from the neonatal unit. That was not a simple straightforward decision a month later Senior managers wanted staff nurse let me to come back on the unit And we said that should only happen if Cctv was put in each room in the unit Final it shouldn't have been it shouldn't have happened at all First of all y'all seen the change nothing when she was there Unalivings happened when she wasn't Everything was cool the thought to bring her back probably because she was pushing to come back like oh, I gotta scratch this it's all weird So I hope somebody scratch her itching prison Lee finally in July 2018 Lucy let be was arrested She was arrested in a dawn raid by police from Cheshire at her home in Chester Just a couple of miles from the hospital and at that point her house was searched as was the home of her parents Who lived in Hereford and in these police searches? They found what they described as a treasure trove of information medical documents Post-it notes and pictures of cards on her phone that she'd written and in baby eyes case They found a condolence card that they that she actually sent to her parents on the day of her funeral There are no words to make this time any easier bro This is like spitting in a face You did it you watched it unfold you watched the resuscitation and then you spit in a face. I send in a card It was a real privilege to care for baby I and get to know you as a family a family who always put baby I first and did everything possible for her She will always be a part of your lives and we will never forget her Thinking of you today and always sorry. I cannot be there to say goodbye It's a weird thing to do to take a picture of a card and keep it on your phone for years Was there any clue why she probably looked back into you at the car like huh? You know I'm saying like that like no, what other reason would you do that like look look what I did ha? Caught the em got away with the em watch the em watch them try to retest the tape She just said that that she did that routinely with cards that she sent to people because she wanted to remember what she'd written And there was another card on that on her phone Which was a thank-you card that the parents of baby E and baby F had actually sent to all the nurses on the unit To say thank you when baby F was well enough to go home and that was also found on her phone And actually these souvenirs the police called them or killing trophies. They didn't end there. Did they? Detective Constable Colin Johnson is an exhibits officer with Cheshire police Now he was called to give evidence and took the jury through what police discovered at Lucy let these three bedroom Semi in the Blake and suburb of Chester one of the most dramatic moments so far in the court case has been a Post-it note. This was found at Lucy. Let these home during a police search Why was this such a big moment in the case? Yeah? This is a key moment Caroline the jury was shown the scribbled post-it note on Screens in the courtroom. It was found at her home in Chester in the note She describes herself as evil the note also said I did this I killed them on purpose because I'm not good enough She also wrote I will never have children or marry or know what it's like to have a family But she also had written I haven't done anything wrong and I feel very alone and scared There are no words. I am an awful person. I pay every day for that. I can't breathe. I can't focus Kill myself right now Overwhelming fear panic. I'll never have children or marry. I'll never know what it's like to have a family No, hope. I haven't done anything wrong. I don't deserve to live. I did this Why me?  You're not their parents. I Don't deserve mom and dad world is better off without me so If that's the case why you take it out on there? I am evil. I did this There's the confession. It sounds like she was like Unaliving them And looking at them as herself because she wasn't good enough for her parents or something Something crazy going on. Yeah. Well, I mean, that's what the prosecution said the defense said that It wasn't a confession They said that it was written by Lucy Latby when she was moved off the unit out of the job She said she loved into the admin role because she felt isolated because she felt anxiety She was upset and they said it was the anguished outpouring of a woman who felt Destroyed by losing her job. I know lawyers have a job to do but they shouldn't even took her case But also if all that's true at this point She knew she was being investigated by the police. They'd spoken to colleagues at the hospital So they knew that word was getting back to her Why keep them? Well, that's a big question the police actually think that she kept them on purpose Potentially for them to find they can't work out why they would be in the house So many months after she knew that she was being investigated The yellow post-it note contained the first names of the triplets involved in the case and underneath had been written Today is your birthday, but you aren't here and I'm so sorry for that I'm sorry. You couldn't have the chance at life and for the pain. I can't do this anymore The court heard that police found the log along with a blood test report for baby M in a plastic Supermarket carrier bag under Lucy let bees bed when they searched her home close to the hospital She told detectives she must have forgotten to empty her pockets before leaving work and inadvertently taking the paper towel home She said it may have been put to one side and forgotten about But she denied keeping it as a reminder of an attack on baby M Six-year investigation a court case lasting the best part of a year rafts and rafts of evidence as we've seen that Implicate Lucy let be in the murders and attempted murders of these babies strange odd behavior throughout this period and yet between 2015 and 2016 and all of this was going on No one noticed that she was behaving oddly because she wasn't behaving oddly or strangely at work She was a really competent nurse. You know you seen the pictures of her. She's you know She looks like the girl next door. There's nothing remarkable about her at all. She was a killer operating in plain sight so after Months and months and months of this trial years and years of this investigation What we do I genuinely hate her. I have a strong hate for a hate for Lucy Let be No is how these babies died and were harmed. We know where they died and were harmed and we know when They died and were harmed What we don't know and more importantly what their families Who Lizzie as you've witnessed have behaved with the most Amazing bravery courage Composure Yeah, I wouldn't have no composure They said she was behind a glass little box thing for her protection. Hey, listen Autely dignified through Well, they'll never know we don't think he's the why And and also Caroline we we won't actually know how many more Because we do know that the police are still investigating Lucy Let be And we know that they are now going back to when she began her training And she wasn't only just at the countess. She also worked for periods of time at Liverpool Women's Hospital And so they are going to back to look at thousands of babies that pass through these neonatal units and They haven't ruled out charges in the future and that she will be back in court at a later day This is sick. She is a spawn of satan She will You know Answered to a higher power one day If she was in the state of texas that day would be sooner than later um What else what else what else I got to say man, what else um RIP to all those innocent lives Condolences to the families And if you live if you work at a hospital a school Uh an old folks home somewhere like that man. You see something say something man Don't leave it up to the policies and regulations, but just just jump off that blend And and trust yourself Say something Because you can be saving a lot a lot of lives Oh god


We all know that mastery of something comes through doing the thing over and over and over again. Let me ask you a question. Is there something you can tell people I do this effortlessly and you actually make it look easy where the person says wow I could never do that. Apart from typing on your phone we can all impress our parents and grandparents by typing WhatsApp messages and how fast we do it. Answer the question seriously. So at 20 something, 30 something years old you cannot mention one thing that you do that you make look easy that is generally praise worthy. Okay let me ask you another question. Do you often see yourself asking yourself how can I stop procrastinating? How can I find motivation to continue to learn Arabic? If that's you that's the problem and this is why you need to watch this video until the end because I will tell you how to completely destroy this cycle and achieve your goals like a boss not only in Arabic but in other aspects of your life. How do you think these kids they memorize the Qur'an cover to cover and can name any verse you ask them about? Let's take it out of our field. Let's go to basketball for example. How do you think Jordan became Jordan? Kobe became Kobe. Steph Curry became Steph Curry. Repetition of the thing over and over again. You see failure cannot cope with consistency. If you do something enough times you will be better than the average person at one point. Mastery of something only comes through doing the thing over and over again. We all know this. Well our intellect knows this but oftentimes our system our body finds it hard to adapt to this and to believe it. So when you want to start something new you say I'm going to start learning Arabic and you tell your whole system. Now your system receives this information and looks for previous data of you having accomplished something as big as this goal as this objective that you just set yourself to.  When I was younger I had the problem of jumping from thing to thing and in all of those realms I learned a little bit of it but I didn't learn enough. So when I stopped doing that and I started to stick to one thing that's when I started to develop outstanding skills in particular fields and that is only because of this concept sticking to the thing and understanding that if I keep doing this thing over and over and over and over there is no other outcome but for my body to adapt for my mind to adapt for my whole system to adapt and for me to become outstandingly good at this thing. This is a concept that is highly embedded in our religion. Once Imam Al-Bukhari was asked about a medicine for Hivd something that you that the student can take and he makes his Hivd his memory stronger. So Imam Al-Bukhari he said in his own words there is nothing else than for the person to really want it to be enthusiastic about it. You want it so much that it doesn't matter how many hours you slept in the night your eagerness to do that thing wakes you up. That's the first thing that you need. The second thing is literally mudawama to another just keep on revising, keep on doing that thing, keep on looking at the thing, keep on doing the thing. The concept is so simple but it's not easy and this is so important for you to understand even the Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam he said and this this hadith was reported by Aisha radiallahu anha and it was graded hessan by Imam al-Albani. Allah loves that when a servant does whatever he does it at its most capable way of doing that thing. He has to try and perfect it. He has to be a professional and has to aim to be a professional at that thing. So these concepts are highly embedded and you as a Muslim you should not only understand this but internalize it and apply it in all realms, in all aspects and fields of your life. This goes for being a good husband, this goes for being a good son, this goes for being a good Muslim, this goes for being a good businessman. Whatever you do, if you adopt these concepts that our precious deen gave us, you will become outstandingly good and you will make things that are hard, easy. Tell yourself that whatever happens, however you feel, whatever comes into your life, however difficult it is, no matter what you will do that thing 500 times as close as possible. If it's not every day, at least every other day but stick and tell yourself that no matter what happens, you will do that thing 500 times. So take a schedule, take a graph, take a diagram, whatever it might be with 500 cases and every time you do that thing once, crash one of those cases and don't stop until you do that thing 500 times. With these I'm trying to tell you, stick to learning the Arabic language. However hard it is, however difficult it is for you to memorize the words, however many words you forget, it doesn't matter, keep on doing it. Commit to doing the thing 500 times. Do Arabic 500 times, tell yourself I won't stop until I do it 500 times. With these my intention is that you will see that at the end of those 500 times you will be outstandingly good and anybody around you will be able to see it if they saw your beginning. And if you want to actually see it yourself, record yourself the first day that you start and record yourself the last day and you will see the amazing results. See you in the next one. Selam Aleykum.


Roger. Enemy wrecked. Get in position. And we're going across. We're following. Switching to Charlie Delta. Roger. Roger. Roger. Roger. Roger. Roger. Roger. Roger.


Welcome traders to another Tick-Mail-Chart at Winnie-Puck, Trevor Munnally. I want to draw your attention to the Aussie dollar on the daily timeframe. We were looking for a three-wave corrective move to complete the 74 hand, but we didn't get that. We're now extending through the 161 extension, which warns that we're in a third wave extension to the downside here. And I'd ultimately be looking for that to test this 70 cents level. From there, we can look for bullish reversal patterns to trade for a fourth wave corrective high, ideally in three waves, which should take us back up into the 73-85 area. From there, we watch for bearish reversal patterns to set short positions to play for a fifth wave extension to the downside, ideally completing in around 68-80, before we can see a more meaningful correction to the upside once again. As always, traders, plan the trade, trade the plan, and most importantly, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


Migration has been a constant factor since the dawn of mankind. Today, with one in every seven people on the move, good migration governance has never been more important. Diaspora communities are recognized by the United Nations as important contributors to development. Diaspora meaning transnational communities with connections to more than one country. The UN's New York Declaration of 2016 states, we recognize the development benefits of migration to countries of origin, including through the involvement of diasporas in economic development and reconstruction. Diaspora populations have the ability to connect their countries of origin with the more positive aspects of globalization through their networks, through their own connections, of course through the money that they send home, but I think governments around the world are beginning to realize that there is a lot more to diaspora engagement than just the cash. Migrants and members of the global diaspora are agents of change. A tool that prioritizes their concerns and ideas for improved development policy is essential. It's good that practitioners and people who design these policies interact directly with people who will afterwards apply these policies into real life. That tool is the iDiaspora Forum, an online platform that will empower individual diaspora members to contribute their opinions on the UN's global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration. And discuss how government policies can better support migrant communities. We depend on leadership, including yours, in the political and public sphere to anchor the debate on facts and grounded in reality. By sharing your challenges, victories and recommendations, you can raise awareness of the global compact and advocate for its successful implementation. The iDiaspora Forum will help bring to light your important contributions to both countries of origin and host nations. The Forum will also bring together various migrant communities and diaspora organizations so that you can learn from each other's experiences, network and share resources. Lift your voice. Your experience counts.


Välkomna. Vi har talat om Citrix och Terminal servers. Jag har hittat lite mer om publikationer. Och jag vill visa dem hur man kan connecta med de publikationer. Men Citrix kan inte göra det. Först ska jag säga... Men den här presentationen kommer att bli upp i den här webbpläten. I programmet som du har på din CD... ...är det väldigt älskigt... ...3 månader eller sånt. Så det är nytt. Och så är det så. Och jag tror att de här tåget är där. Och om frågor... Om något är verkligen inte klart... Man kan fråga för det. Men det är bättre för dig att komma upp och se mig. Vi har alla dessa t-shirts. Rika är där. Rika i hand. Vi har inte haft att lägga ut det. Jag vill också göra d'Artagnan... ...för att lägga en link från min part. www.devcom.org Vi ska tala om... Vad är Terminal servers? Terminal services? En slag eller sånt. Och hur man ska abuse Terminal services? En skandning för nonpublic published applications. Like there are public applications... ...or public that you could reach, can reach... ...and there are several servers out there... ...that has published applications... ...but you can just see them or connect to them. I will make a demonstration of this machine. This is a freshly installed Citrix server... ...with some published applications. It has two network interfaces. One network interface... ...is a master browser. Citrix master browser. I can't reach it from this computer. I will show you how it can be done. And then I will show statistics from a very large scan. It was a scan for some millions of iPad addresses. I will not tell you how many servers I have found... ...but I will tell you about the statistics about them. So, what is Terminal services? Well, it's like a remote multi-user desktop. It's more or less like X. It's not that fancy for us Unix Freaks. But for Windows it's really weird... ...that it starts an application on one server... ...it runs over at the server... ...and only the changes in the window... ...is going over the network to you, to the client. So it's like sitting locally on a PC... ...but over a network. So everything... ...you have just a client to connect to a server... ...and everything is run on the server. So you have to remember that. And Citrix has a feature called published application. And this means like... ...we will come very much into that... ...but it's like... ...you can execute a program, like Word or something. And you can say to a server... ...what applications do you have that I can run? And it's just like Word. Okay, let's try it. So it's a little bit weird. So... ...everything works fine. It's really beautiful, this terminal services... ...because you no longer have to like... ...download lots of data and programs... ...over your modern line. Because the only thing this goes like... ...changes on the desktop. And it's very fast and very nice. I really like it. But there are some weird things... ...that you really have to know setting this up. There are several people running different desktops... ...on the Citrix server. That means like... ...the Citrix server starts up lots of desktops... ...and then sends the changes of each desktop... ...to the right client. If you own the Citrix server... ...you have access to all these desktops, of course. So that's a little bit weird. So Elevation of Rights... ...and this is done in the 2000s. So I usually use Pipe Up Admin... ...or Pipe Up Sam. There are some different tools... ...for Elevation of Rights on MT. You also, when you're starting up your application... ...your published application like Notepad or something... ...it's just Notepad, nothing there. Or is it? Well, the desktop is there, but it's just hidden. You can start it up and everything. The problem is like breaking out from the given environment that you have. And one more really fun thing about... ...or weird thing about Citrix is like... ...these published applications are anonymous. Okay, this means you're sitting on the internet... ...the Citrix server has published an application... ...that you can connect to anonymously... ...and execute this published application. You break out from that environment... ...and upload your cool new Elevation of Rights stuff to it. Elevation of Rights... ...and you have the server with lots of users... ...and bosses and so on, reading their mail and so on. So it's quite fun. So how do you find these published applications? I think the fastest way to find published applications... ...is to port scan for the TCP port 1494. It's like the Citrix. You always need that port. If you don't have that port, you can't connect. So it's very easy to just scan for it. But it's even easier to just search for published applications... ...som companies are publishing for you... ...like demos and so on. And it's weird how many service is out there... ...just want you to take over their network. If you find a port 1494... ...you can use a Citrix client to enumerate the published application. You start up the Citrix network client... ...or something called Citrix client... ...and make a new connection. So it's like I want to connect to this Citrix server... ...and what kind of published application does it have. So it's like yeah, this and that. You can start checking. Here's a network dump... ...from a normal Citrix client... ...published application enumeration session. It's like the Citrix client is asking the server... ...like what kind of published applications do you have. But the client do this in this way. I don't see if you see the cursor here. But here's the client asking the Citrix server. It's a UDP question on port 1604. So the Citrix client... ...the Citrix client sends a first package asking... ...where is the master browser? And the responsible be like... ...the master browser is C1UBUCUD. C1UBUCUD. Twice. I'm lying a little bit. But more or less. But this C1UBUCUD is an IP address. So if you just... ...from hex to digits. So then the client will ask of course... ...the server, okay. I hope I'm... ...you are the master browser, give me your published applications. And the server will enumerate all the... ...published applications for you. But this is some problems. What happens if the master browser is not public? The client asks first... ...where is the master browser? And he says it's on a TEM network. Like our internal network, it's firewall and everything. And the Citrix server, the Citrix client... ...will try to connect to this TEM address, this private address. But it will fail. So I have written a small tool... ...that just asks the Citrix server directly. The new published applications. Because otherwise, if you use the Citrix client... ...connecting to a Citrix server... ...and ask the server for published applications. Of course the client asks... ...where is the master browser? And the server answers like it's <IP_ADDRESS>. So the client tries to connect to it. And of course, no connection. The little poly script I've written... ...it only works in Unix, because you're using alarm functions. It's using blocking... ...blocking sockets. I only send... ...like give me all your published applications... ...and it works perfectly. It's beautiful. It sends back one or more packages of published applications. It's really cool. I'll show you later. But connecting to this published application. Okay, you have a list now. Here's the published applications. But how should you connect to it? Because the Citrix client is not open source, what I know. And the really weird stuff you have to do to connect. It's not hard stuff, but it's weird stuff. Because the Citrix client... ...you have to spoof the answers from the Citrix server twice. There's the master browser spoof. And the application server spoof. I will show you. It's not that hard. I have written two programs that can connect directly to the... ...published applications on... ...when the non-master... ...when the master browser is not public. I will just show you how the connection to a... ...published application goes. First the client asks... ...give me... ...where is the master browser? And the server will tell you... ...it's a non-public IP address. So I have to spoof that one. And then the client will ask... ...ok, I want to connect to this published application. And the server will ask... ...yeah, you are welcome to do that on a non-public IP address. So the connection will fail. But if you change all the web stuff... ...to the public Citrix server IP address... ...you will get that connection.  The master browser is just trying to trick you. The server... ...the Citrix server has these applications. You have... ...you need to connect to this internal IP address. It's usually like... ...they're having a firewall or something. Or a NAT network. I have also written a script... ...that will take the output from the Citrix PSGAM... ...that program that animerates all the applications... ...and step through it and try to connect to all the applications. And after each connect it will ask you how it went... ...how it went and will log these results. I checked thousands of published applications. It's a really fast way to do it. It takes just a few seconds on other published applications. So the Citrix PSGAM takes input... ...an IP address, a minus for standard input... ...or a file... ...or the keyword random... ...when it reads from web slash urandom... ...to get the IP addresses. It just sounds like... ...get me the published applications... ...and the server will give it to you. The proxy is a little bit weirder. You have to borrow me. The client, you start up your proxy. It can be locally on another Linux computer or something. You connect to the proxy... ...and the proxy connects to the server. Like, where is the master browser? The server will respond to the proxy... ...saying like, is this non-public master browser IP address? But the proxy changes it to saying like... ...well, the master browser is the proxy. So your client connects to the proxy next time... ...and says like, oh, I want to run this published application... ...who sends it to the server and the server sends back. Welcome to this non-public master browser address. And the proxy will change it again. Like, okay, okay. We change it again saying like... ...you're welcome to this public IP address. And then it starts the normal TCP connection. You understand that... ...to do this we need UDP 1604 to Citrix server... ...and of course 1494, otherwise we can't connect. Okay? So we'll make a demonstration now. I will do a Nmap scan and sharing the tools. Here it is. Don't sleep. So... So here's my Linux computer. And I set an IP address for it. No, I tried. I tried for like one hour and when it didn't work... ...I'm really sorry. I really tried.  What? What do you say? No, no, no. It's a renaware. It's a renaware. I tried to find the font, but it's like not working. Okay, it's... I can tell you a little bit. I'm making a port scan. It says like port scan 1494. And it's just written like three IP addresses I wanted to check. And well, 192.168.100 has an open port. So, okay. We'll try to connect to it with our Citrix client. So, I start up my Citrix client. And I said like, oh, it's way far away. And I call it DMA, it doesn't matter. It's published applications. And here, on the server location... ...I enter the IP address of the server that has this open ad. And it's 192.168.100 for this one. So, and it's just... ...it doesn't work. No, no, no. It shouldn't work. So, I can't enumerera the published applications. Because there are two interfaces. And one interface that I'm not connected to is a master browser. So, I can't really get the published applications right now. And lots of people, I think, like having their Citrix servers... ...and like trying to publish applications. And like, well, I can't get it with the client. So, people can't see my published applications. Well, surprise for you. No running Citrix PS-cab. It's a small proscript that just asks the server right away. Like, what's your published applications? And there it is. It says the output is like the IP address you're connected to. And then it's the master browser IP address. And boot again if you need a proxy or not. And then there comes all the published applications. And there can be hundreds of them, you know? So, we now start up our proxy instead. So, we use our proxy to connect to the Citrix server. So, now I've started up the proxy, okay? It says like, the Citrix server... ...we are proxy for 192.168.100. That one couldn't connect to. And I will listen on this address. Because this is a remote computer that is a proxy. So, I will listen on this IP address and proxy it to the 100 address. Okay? So, I have to change server location of course to the proxy. And okay. And I try to... And I try now to enumerate the published applications from the proxy more or less. And the proxy tries it. But the proxy likes saying like, oh wait a sec. So, the first packages you don't know really what it is. So, the proxy says like, oh stop. I recognize this is the enumeration of PR published applications. So, please try again. Okay? We will do that. So, try again. Oh, there it is. So, thank you. So, we can connect to like notepad or something. And hope it's not passworded. Anonymous. And it's more like, I want to remove desktop windows.  I will see. And that's like default, default, default, finished. And I double click here and make a prayer. Yeah. It's awesome. Every time it works for me. Oh baby. So, we are now connected to the men public, most of us, the public application. And there are like three ways of breaking out of the environment. The easiest way is like file open explorer. I will do that. No, no, it's serious. I have done so many tests on penetration test and so on. And if no one of these three works, it's like taking hours. But you have to learn these three. And that's like F1. Remember F1? If you have like a SAP. SAP L3, like login windows or something. F1 and start breaking out from there. And the third is like the task manager. People believe me. I checked out like thousands of thousands of published applications. And these three works. I will show you a statistics later. So it's more like five open. And then you just take one. Right click, explorer. And then magic starts happening. Like oh, where's the desktop? Where is it? It was hidden. I recognize this. I don't know. Let's see. Do you want me to hack it? No, it's a 100 machine. Well, just one way to do it. I think twice or something. So this was with the proxy. But it takes very, very long time if you have like hundreds of published applications to test. So I've written another script. Called something. It's P-A-S dot pearl. And it's just a small pearl script that makes an ICA file. It takes a template ICA file. Changes stuff in it. And then launches it. Really easy. And I can show the template file. You will not see in this font, I guess. Something like this, bold or something. So it's nothing really. It's not like this P-A-P-A-P-A. Changed to the published application name. And IP, IP, IP. It's like changing to the public IP address. And if you need encryption, you just add this one line here. It's in the readme files. It's not that hard. And then you have the output. The output from the scanner program that enwere it's the published applications. You have to rename it to P-A-S dot V. And this is the output from the scanner program. I can just, oh if you want me, it's not that.  Something like this, I guess. So it says like my output here. But here it starts like the IP address and everything. And this grid will parse it like taking data from it and step through it. You can show it. So yes, pass appeal. And it just looks up the IP address and the first application. Creates an ICA file. Launches an ICA file. Connects to it. For this application called the policy editor for administrators. You need the password.  I just say, and the output here, I just say like, okay, login required. Takes the next one. It's like fax queue program. You need a password. So I just say like login required. And it's like fax cover page editor. Oh, okay, this works. Oh, what a surprise. So usually you can just press F1 to fax cover page editor and try to connect or try to explore something from there. Usually it tries to start up the web page, web help and all of your favorites there. The open explorer is much faster. But I can show you the task manager. In Citrix you press control F3 to get the task manager. And it's just like run, explore. And it says now, okay, this is cool stuff. The Citrix client ask like, the Citrix server won't access to your computer, your file. So local files on your client. Of course I want full access. I will show you why. Because now I can just open my computer and have all my local exploits just drag them over to the computer. Very beautiful. I have to passkort to see her. Back to the presentation somewhere. So how does it look out there? I can't really tell you how many service I tried. But there are a lot. And I will give you some statistics about it. It's not that, wow, thing. But it's some nice facts. You have to remember these statistics, it's not statistical right, of course. It's more like a guideline or something. I'm using so short time-out values on the scans. I met some very, very large server farms. I have hundreds of applications on several IP addresses. So it's the same applications in like 10 IP addresses. And that takes over the statistics. You have to be... Yeah, it's just more like guidelines. What to expect to find. 42% of the servers that had... 42% of the secret servers didn't need a proxy. The master bowser was the public IP address tested. 44% of these servers that you just can connect to and enumerera all the public applications had no public applications. 58% of the secret servers needed proxy. Men there were less percentage that hadn't any public application. Here's the fun stuff. The servers, the secret servers that you didn't need a proxy for and had public applications removed like many. The average were like 12 public applications per server. 5% of all the public applications was anonymous and vulnerable. 5% of all the public applications on these conditions I could just connect to, get the desktop and everything and do what stuff I wanted to do with it. I have to tell you I didn't do anything. I really just tried to connect to it. I did connect to it, it let me in. I check if I can break out from the environment. If you could, I just logged off. If you needed a login, I never tried to log in. I never tried to hide data or something, write to the hard disk and everything. 5% of the public applications are anonymous and vulnerable. About 20% of the service I tested, 20% of the servers was mine more or less. If you just bear check, it's almost every time it's on internal network. Less than 1% of the public application you had anonymous access to but somehow you couldn't break out from the environment. It's good. It's like 2% of the service, it's really nice. 92% of the public applications required login and 3% of the public applications I expected error like licensing problems like yeah, I'm not licensing or something. For the servers that you need a proxy for it's only 2% of the public applications about 10% of the servers that are anonymous and vulnerable. 1% of the public applications had, even less like 1% of the service, had an anonymous application that I couldn't break out from. It could be like a DOS script or something. I tried to break with control C or something and it just quit me out or something. 96% of the public application required login and 2% of the public application I expected errors. I can, for, here's, don't need proxy, need proxy. So the servers that are behind the firewall or something that don't have a public master browser seems to be less vulnerable. Yeah, people that don't have firewalls don't care or something. So what can you do? Yeah, of course you need a firewall. If you really want to have published application or something, try to invest in a VPN or solution or something. So you need to authenticate real good. And the breaking out stuff is also really hard. It's very, very, very, very hard because windows, everything is merged with this other. The explorer is everywhere. Open something, closing something, everything is explorer or web page or something. Open a document, writing URL, and you can click on it. Internet explorer and everything. I learn strong ACLs and reded 32, makes it, and of course CTICs, white papers. You need white papers to connect to checklists and white papers to protect you. If you don't enter reading, you can like buying stuff. And there's two commercial stuff called AppSense and one of them called SecureXA from SecureWave. I think SecureXA Wave doing it is really cool. They have also the website for SecureXA. They have a demonstration site running and anonymous FTP account where you can upload your exploit to Tesla system. I think it's cool. Is this the end? Oh no, just scratching. It's so much more to do. If I sound like I want to connect to this very long published application, name something, what happens with the Citrix server. And lots of more stuff to call things that I really want to go into and not have the time right now. There are probably some vulnerabilities about the Thomas server. I will check it maybe next year. I hope you have enjoyed it and my tools are available. If you need me, I have my business card lying here. If you have questions, you can call me also. I'm leaving Sweden. Central European time there. I've been waiting in the middle of the night. Thank you very much.


Stevenson Falls tonight to Elizabeth Town, Glenn Clark with Emory Giselski's Emory, you are a shooter. We got to talk about this. Tell me where it came from. Tell me when you knew. I got a little bit of range. I can do some things other people can't do. Well, my dad has always taught me how to shoot since a very young age.  So it's been good. Not just shooting though. We've seen you make some moves.   I hope so. I hope so. I'm really excited to what the rest of the season has to hold. We were just talking a second ago with Coach about this is a very deep team, right? And I can only imagine what that competition does day in and day out. How much has it helped to have so many players or good players deserving of minutes to go in up against every night? Like Coach said, the seniors really they are the backbone and they do push us every day. And I think we do push each other during practices and we've had a couple really good practices this week coming back from Christmas break. So yeah, I do say it was the seniors that keep us going. I'm going to give you this one. I need a basketball New Year's resolution. Like for the team, for yourself, whoever it is, a resolution for 2023. For Emery Giselski's and Stevenson women's basketball team. I would say better decision making when we've got like a minute or something left. You know, that makes all the sense in the world, right? And of course, you guys were you showed a lot of good things tonight. Obviously in the first half, a lot to build off of against a really good opponent, clearly that you're up against. Who do we need to shout out? Who's who's watching at home? Who do we need to say hello to? Who do we need to thank for all the hard work they put into getting you to this point? I want to shout out to my mom and dad for sure. No doubt mom and dad. Appreciate them. And then what's it going to take? You guys get back into conference play. What's the single biggest thing that you guys need to do better in order to make sure that you have a great running conference play? I think two things. I think we need to keep our defense up because that definitely drives us throughout the game and then finishing our shots. Emery Giselski's great chat with you. Looking forward to seeing many more amazing things from you throughout the course of the season. Thank you. She's Emery Giselski's. I'm Glenn Clark. Go Mustang Sports.tv.