Welcome, I welcome you all to this lecture in the course Introduction to Paninian Grammar. We in this lecture will focus on the Paribhasha Sutras also known as Meta Rules in the system of Paninian Grammar. So far, amongst the six types of sutras, we have studied quite a lot of Saudhna Sutras. Saudhna Sutra is the first type amongst the six and we have studied the core Saudhna's technical terms which are of different types that Panini uses in his grammar, in his system. Today we shall focus on the Paribhasha Sutras. So the first question is what is a Paribhasha? And Paribhasha is defined in this way, Paritobhashyate Anaya, overall systemic statement, a statement which explains how a system behaves. In short, a meta rule. They explain how the rules are to be interpreted. Some meta rules are directly stated by Panini in his own sutra. We have studied some of them and we shall be mentioning some of them as well. Some are assumed by him and are made explicit by later commentators based on the statements of Panini. The meta rules become one with the prescription rules namely Vidhi Sutras which we shall study in the next lecture. So Vidhi Vakya Ekavakya Ta Panna. So they become one with the rules which prescribe some operation and then they become meaningful. Primarily there are three types of Paribhasas, Vachanika, Nyapakasiddha and Nyayasiddha. Vachanika is a rule which is available through a Vachana, a statement, a statement of either Panini or Kartyayana or Patanjali, the three monies. Nyapakasiddha is a type of Paribhasha rule which is established on account of a particular mention in the sutra which would turn redundant if such a rule is not accepted. So Nyapakasiddha is a Paribhasha which is inferred from the mention of Panini which assumes certain kind of rule to exist. Nyayasiddha has got some varieties. Nyayasiddha is a rule which is established in accordance with some commonly accepted practice in the mundane behaviour as well as in the scientific enquiry. This is Nyayasiddha. There are special texts devoted to the study of Paribhasha and here are mentioned a few. The foremost amongst them is Paribhasha vritti of Vyadi composed around 300 BCE which contains 93 Paribhasas. Then there is Brahat Paribhasha vritti composed by Seeradeva written in around 11th, 12th century CE and it studies 130 Paribhasas, Laghu Paribhasha vritti by Purushottamadeva 13th century CE which studies 120 Paribhasas. Then Paribhasha vritti of Neelakanta Dixitra who lived in 17th century CE. This text studies 140 Paribhasas and the most important text which is part of the current curriculum as well is Paribhasha Hindu Shekhar composed by Nagisha in the 18th century CE and this text studies 133 Paribhasas. There are several commentaries that are written on this text called Paribhasha Hindu Shekhar which are still studied in modern days. So so much literature is devoted to explaining the Paribhasas that underlies the importance of the Paribhasas and Paribhasha Sutras. So we have so far studied some of the Paribhasas, they were all Vachanika Paribhasas. Let us take a recap of the Paribhasasutras that we have studied so far. For example, meaning of the 5th case we have already studied which is immediately after and the Sutra 1167 which explains the meaning is Tasma Dittit Tarasya. This is a Paribhasha Sutra. We have also seen the meaning of the 7th case in the meta-language of Panini which is immediately before and the Sutra which states this is Tasma Dittit Nirgishtey Purvasya 1166. Then the meaning of the 6th case is in place of or instead of in the meta-language of Panini. This is stated by the Sutra Shastri Sthanayoga 1149. So these 3 Sutras, these are Paribhasha Sutras explicitly stated by Panini in his Ashtadhyayi. So these 3 Sutras interpret the cases in the meta-language of Panini and Grammar which is different than how they denote the meaning in the object language and that is why they become extremely important these are the Paribhasha Sutras that we have already studied. The other fundamental principle that we have studied is that a word form is part of the meaning of the word. In fact it is the main meaning in the meta-language. This we have already seen when we looked at the difference between the object language and the meta-language in the Panini and Grammar. And this is stated by the Sutra Swamrupam Shabdassya Ashabdasaudhmya 1168. Swamrupam Shabdassya Ashabdasaudhmya 1168. These are the 4 Sutras that we have already studied. These are all Paribhasha Sutras. Apart from them let us try to study some other Paribhasas, here is the core Paribhasha. This is not stated in the Ashtadhyayi that Paribhasha is Sthane Adeshaha nimiteshu nimitebhaha. What it means is a substitute comes in place of a substituent in the environment of conditions before and after immediately, immediately before and immediately after. So to show this in the equation form we can say the following. If A plus B plus C this is the given situation where B occurs immediately before C and immediately after A and then D substitutes B in this case. So B is substituted by D in the environment of A before and C after. So this is the primary function. This is the primary operation as far as Paninian grammatical description is concerned. So A and C they are considered to be nimites, conditions, environments. B is considered to be the Sthane or Sthane and D is considered to be Adesha. The primary location of this act of substitution is cognitive apparatus of the speaker as well as the hearer in the process of communication. This is the core Paribhasha, Sthane Adeshaha nimiteshu nimitebhaha. So applying this particular Paribhasha we can say that if we have on the left hand side the sentence meaning and on the right hand side the sentence, the sentence meaning is made up of a few word meanings. Each word meaning is made up of prakrityartha and praktiyartha and correspondingly we have a sentence. So the first bullet on both sides left as well as right represents a generic, very general idea as far as very general stage in the process of derivation as far as the arthakasha is concerned on the left hand side and the shabdakasha is concerned on the right hand side. And there is a correspondence between these two. Just as we have prakrityartha and praktiyartha etc., similarly we have prakrity and praktiyar on the right hand side in the shabdakasha. These are shown in green primarily to refer to the fact that these are still very general stages as far as the derivation is concerned. And now they will get replaced primarily. So the first prakrity gets replaced by the actual specific gamma and then the praktiyar slot, the praktiyar slot in the first padha gets replaced by t. And similarly the second padha prakrity and praktiyar slots which are generic they will get substituted by the respective prathipadika and praktiyar, su and prathipadika and praktiyar. So now here we have the respective prathipadika and praktiyar, su and prathipadika and praktiyar. So now here we have dhatu plus prathiyar plus prathipadika plus prathiyar plus prathipadika plus prathiyar, this kind of format. This is a specific format which has substituted the generic format. So the green colour indicates the generic format which gets substituted by the specific one which is indicated in the blue colours.  So this is how in the environments substitutions take place. The original slot is of this kind which is of very generic nature which is then filled in by prakriti and prathiyar, still general samanya and then we fill in the slots by the vishesha, gamma and t and so on and so forth. And these slots can be replaced by others as well. Instead of gamma you can also put drisha, you can also put sta, da, etc, etc. Instead of t you can put anthi and so on and so forth. So these slots can be filled in by various elements and then you get these basic elements and then you start processing and further substituting an element in the environment of another element. So here is the nimitta, which causes gacha to be substituted in place of gamma. This can be described in different ways. For example panini can say that this ma is replaced by chha but we see that this gamma gets replaced by gacha, this entire process gets replaced by this process. The entire stage gets replaced by another stage. Then this chha gets replaced by chha, this entire step is replaced by this entire step and finally we get gachati ramo, gramam as the derived generated sentence in the end from the very generic. One of the other issues that we have studied is the process of speech production in which we studied the properties of each and every sound described in the panini and grammar in the alphabet and then we noted down those properties and here is a paribhasha stated by panini himself which utilizes these phonetic properties in the process of substitution using those properties to select the closest substitute. The sutra is sthane antaratamaha, 1150. What it means is in place of a substituent is placed the commonest or the closest substitute. Static properties are formulated as the basis of substitution of verbal elements, this we have seen. For example, eco yanachi 6177 says that yan substitutes ik immediately before ach. The example is dhadi plus attra, e is the substituent and yavarayla are the four substitutes stated by 6177 in the environment of er coming immediately after. So immediately before er, e is occurring and so we have four substitutes stated by the sutra 6177 which can come in place of e. Now 1150 we will clarify that amongst these four only the one which is the closest to e in terms of the place of articulation namely here in this case replaces the substituent and we get the dhya and attra. In place of dhadi attra the next stage comes is the dhya and attra. The next part of this is another paribhasha stated in the Mahabhasya on the same sutra and this reads yatra anekavidhamantaryam tatrasthanatahaantaryambaliyaha. What this means is where the commonality is manifold between a substituent and possible substitute the commonality of the place of articulation is considered stronger. For example, when we have a stage chi plus tru 7384 prescribes e in chi to be replaced by guna namely a, a and o guna is a technical term which means a and a and o. So now here we have a substituent e whose place of articulation is talu and here we have two substitutes which are closer to this e a whose place of articulation is kantha and whose pramana is short this is the short vowel and a has the place of articulation talu. In fact, it has two places of articulation e the itoho kantha talu and also it is a long one. Now amongst these two a and a the place of articulation of a matches with e even though shortness is the property which also matches with a but the place of articulation becomes stronger and therefore a replaces e in this environment. So the above material says that the proximity in terms of the place of articulation is stronger so e is to be replaced by a and so we get chi plus tru and then we get chi tru or cheta. This is an extremely important principle which suggests the phonetic base once again for the process of substitution. Another important set of rules paribhasha rules are the ones which talk about the place of substitution. So where do we do the substitution? What is the location? So suppose we have a substituent which has four parts a b c and d and the substitute which has either one part namely p or which has multiple many parts p q and r. So the question is where should the substitute be placed? In which part of the substituent should it replace the entire substituent a b c d or just one part of the substituent? If so if just one part is to be replaced then which part? Should it be the last one or the initial one or the middle one which one? These questions arise and they are answered by four sutras in the Ashtadhyayi. Alo antyasya, 1152, adek parasya, 1154, anek alsit sarvasya, 1155 and nithya, 1153. Nithya, 1153 is placed last and not after 52 is for some specific reason which we shall make clear in the course of time in this lecture. Let us study all these sutras now. The first one is Alo antyasya. What it literally means is in place of a final sound. Alo is the sound, antya is the final. What it means is a substitute replaces the final element of the substituent. So suppose we have a b c and d as substituent then a substitute replaces only d that is the meaning of this rule and this is considered as a by default rule wherever other rules do not apply this rule applies. For example, we have a sutra teda dina maha 72 101 which says that in the environment of a vibhakti or is the substitute which comes in place of tiyadu etc tiyadu tiyadu yadu. So suppose we have yadu plus sir, sir is a vibhakti and now this 72 101 applies and says that substitute this yadu by a once again the same question should this a replace the entire yadu or the or here or a which one and the answer provided by 1152 is that this substitute replaces only the final element in this case only the gets replaced by a and so from yadu plus sir we get here a sir this a is in coming in place of the so we have here a sir and then there is this other rule yet which comes in and joins both these together and so we have here plus sir and then finally we have yaha this is how alone the asya functions this is a by default rule the next rule is adek parasya what it means is a substitute replaces the initial part of the element when substitution is stated in place of an element which is stated immediately after another element. So clearly this is an exception to 1152 so for example if we have x y and z part of one unit plus abcd part of another unit in this situation if a substitute is stated to replace abcd which comes immediately after x y z this is also stated in the rule that means x y z is made a condition for the substitution of abcd then the substitute replaces the initial part of the substitute abcd which is a a becomes the substituent and here is an example e the asaha 7283 what this sutra means is it has got two words eid and asaha eid is 11 asaha is 51 anasya continues 6 1 from the previous rule so what this means is substitute eid that is long e in place of ana where it comes immediately after the verbal root asa so we have asa plus ana asa is the condition for this substitution so when ana comes immediately after asa substitute this ana by e now this sutra says that in such a case substitute a by e the initial element of substituent ana that is a that gets substituted by e so we have asa plus ana gets substituted by asa plus ana we join it and we get the word asina which means one who sets we have the word udasina which means on who sets on top this is the second sutra which clarifies the position of the substitution next we have another exception to the by default rule namely anekalshith sarvasya 1155 what it means is a substitute replaces the entire substituent 1152 replaces the final element 1154 replaces the initial element and now 1155 is replacing the entire substituent if there are two conditions if one the substitute is formed with more than one sounds it should be anekalh and two the substitute is formed by one sound okay but with a marker shift this is an exception to 1152 so the entire substituent is replaced by a substitute so for example if you have a b c d as the substituent and p q r as the substitute then because p q r consists of three sounds more than one so p q r replaces the entire a b c d that is one and the second situation is if a b c d is the substituent and p only one sound is the substitute but with the marker shift it is shift then this p with marker shift replaces the entire a b c d let us look at the examples the first one on the left hand side is the example where the substitute is anekalh and the second one is the example of the substitute being a call but with the marker shift so in the situation as a plus the astir bhuhu 2452 applies which means immediately before the suffix th substitute the verbal root as a by bhu bhu is formed with bha and u anekalh so this is anekalh and so it replaces the entire as a as simple as that so then we get bhu plus th who replacing as a and so we get the word bhu th now if we have the situation idam plus her the sutra idama ish 533 comes into play and this means immediately before the suffix her substitute idam by ish ish consists of only e which is a single sound but with the marker shift added to it so this is shit so by application of 1155 this e will replace the entire idam and so we get e plus her namely e her as the final output and now we come to 1153 which is nitsha which says that a substitute which is formed with more than one sounds that is anekalh but has n as its marker then the substitute does not replace the entire substituent rather it replaces the final element of the substituent only the final element so this is an exception of 1155 which in its turn is an exception of 1152 thus on the whole we can say that this rule brings back or reinforces operation stated by 1152 what it means is if abcd is the substituent and if pqr which is anekalh with the marker n is the substitute then pqr replaces the final element of the abcd and not the entire abcd as was the case with 1155 and so we get the output namely abcpqr here is an example we have dadhi plus a 3 slash 1 and the rule asti dadhi sakthakshnam anangudataha applies over here 7175 this sutra means immediately before the vowel beginning suffixes in the third to seventh triplet group substitute asti dadhi etcetera by an an has two sounds n so it would replace the entire dadhi by 1155 because of it because it is an anekalh but because the marker n is added to it now it replaces only the final element of dadhi namely e because of 1153 and so we get dadhan in place of dadhi in the situation dadhi plus a we get dadhan plus a and then a is dropped and we get dadhana a and then finally we get dadhana as the finished form so these are the force paribhashasutras which clarify the exact location of the substitution three locations the final position of the substituent which is a by default position the initial position which is an exception and then the entire substituent these are the three positions stated now we have some sutras which prescribe the augments and some sutras which state the exact location the place where this augment is to be added there are three augments stated and two sutras which are explained hereafter the augments which have the marker t and k are stated by 1146 and the augments which have the marker m is stated by the other sutra let us look at them one by one the first type is the one which states the place to add the augment so the location of the augment is the subject of this set of paribhashasutras and there are two sutras here the first one is adyandhau takithau what this sutra means is that the augment with the marker t is made the initial part of the hole to which it is added and the augment with the marker k is made the final part of the hole to which it is added let us take the example 7 to 35 what this means is that add an augment it to an ardhadhatuka suffix which begins with val so in the case of patha plus tau tau is an ardhadhatuka suffix which begins with val so it is to be added to it now this it has tau as a marker so it is made an initial part of the suffix tau so we get from patha plus tau here we get patha plus ith this e is added before and so we get the form pathitha similarly we have the sutra anemuk 7282 which says that immediately before aner add the augment muk which is m to an anger ending in short a so we have pachha plus pachha a plus aner pachha a is an anger with reference to aner and this anger ends in short a followed by the suffix aner so 7282 applies and adds the augment muk to a of the anger so we get 7282 applying and so we get pachha a m because this is kit so it is added here at the end by adyantu takitav and so we get the form pachha mana and the second sutra which talks about the place of the augment is midachontyat paraha 1147 it says an augment with marker m is added after the final vowel of an element here is an example chatur plus us 1 3 and the sutra chatur anaduhor aam udattah the augment a is to be added to the words chatur an anaduha immediately before the first five suffixes stated in 412 and so we get chatur now where do we add this a and 1147 says add it after the final vowel in chatur which is this u so we add this a after this u and so now we get chatur a r plus us and so then there is a sandhi so this u becomes chatur and so we get chatur then there there is a rule paribhasha sutra related to accent which is anodattam padam ekavarjam 61158 what this means is excluding one the remaining pada gets anodattah accent so raja purusha is an example where samasasya 6123 makes the final vowel udattah this a insha is udattah so it is not marked by any symbol as far as the writing convention is concerned and so the remaining vowels a a u and u all of them they become anodattah the remaining vowels remain anodattah and are marked with a horizontal bar below the letter as you can see over here all these four vowels are marked anodattah because of the paribhasha anodattam padam ekavarjam then we have an important paribhasha which deals with the padavidi based operations and the paribhasha sutra is samartha padavidi 211 which means an operation which takes pada as an input is conditioned by samartha meaning having the same meaning and capable of expressing the same meaning for example compounding or samasya takes pada as an input so compounding is conditioned by samartha so in a sentence if you use the words radhne purushogachati a king's man goes so radhne purusho these two words are connected meaning wise so they can be compounded provided the compound expresses the same meaning samartha and the compound is capable of expressing the same meaning so radhne purusha is the compound made and now it expresses the same meaning a king's man goes therefore there is this samartha and any pada vidhi for example a compound requires samartha or samartha as a necessary condition then we have another important paribhasha yena vidhi sthadantasya 1172 which means the element that acts as a qualifier is to be interpreted as the element ending in that element participating in the grammatical operation for example we have a sutra 3197 acho yat achaha is 5 1 dhato ho is 5 1 and yat is 1 1 now achaha qualifies dhato ho so achaha is interpreted as ajantaat that is a verbal root ending in a vowel so the overall meaning of the sutra is at the suffix yat after a verbal root which ends in a vowel and so we have the verbal root chi which ends in a vowel to which we add the suffix yat and then we get from chi plus yat we get chi plus here and the final form chi here to summarize the meta rules are an integral part of the system of paninian grammar we have studied these meta rules several types of meta rules different types of such meta rules carry out different functions in the system the major grammatical operation is the substitution the meta rules explain the phonetic basis of the process of substitution the other meta rules explain the exact position of the substitution and sometimes even the augment rules are also considered to be part of the process of substitution even the augments are considered as substitutions unaugmented form gets substituted by an augmented form to end that lecture we recite the mangala charana taken from parivashavritya of nila kantha dikshita which reads varadeshvara yajvanam nila kanthe na yajvana namaskritya satam priityai shabdanya yo vivicchate i repeat varadeshvara yajvanam nila kanthe na yajvana namaskritya satam priityai shabdanya yo vivicchate i repeat varadeshvara yajvana and the five sutras taken from seven three devika shimshapa dityavad dirgasatrashtrayasaam aath kekaya mitrayupralayanaam yaderyaha naivabhyam padantabhyam purvaututabhyam ach dvaradi nanch and nya grodhasyacha kevalasya i repeat devika shimshapa dityavad dirgasatrashtrayasaam aath kekaya mitrayupralayanaam yaderyaha naivabhyam padantabhyam purvaututabhyam ach dvaradi nanch and nya grodhasyacha kevalasya thank you we shall study the next type of sutra vidhi sutra in the next lecture. Thank you for your attention.


My name is Uchi. I always like to say Uchi as in Gucci because it's easy to remember. And I'm really excited to be here today to talk to you about utility in the metaverse. And a little bit about me, I live in Toronto but I'm originally from Nigeria. I'm also a big foodie. So I'm taking recommendations for restaurants in Vancouver if you have anyone while I'm here. And before now, I worked at Shopify, Royal Bank of Canada, and IBM. And I'm also the founder and CEO of Chew Money. So I've been in the blockchain space for a few years now since 2016. And today I'm gonna talk to you about how we can enhance utility in the metaverse using open technology. And I'm gonna walk you through a use case that we did in five different blockchains.  But the truth is that most of them are not really useful. You can use them to buy real products and services. And this creates a problem for not just people in the Web3 space, but everyone. So it reduces financial inclusion and also for us to solve this problem, we basically need to make tokens spendable in the real world. In this talk, I'm gonna explore the concept of utility. And I'll look at it in relations to mass loss hierarchy of needs. Most of you already know what mass loss hierarchy of need is. We're gonna bring mass loss hierarchy of need and try to like see how we can measure utility using mass loss hierarchy of needs. So I will discuss opportunities for improving utility by connecting traditional financial systems using open source technology with the work that's already been done in the Web3 space. And then I'll end by discussing a use case of what we did with five different blockchains. So cell of Polygon, Solana, and some of them. We're gonna talk about this at the end. But before we begin and dive into what utility in the metaverse means, let's discuss the mass loss hierarchy of needs briefly. I know most of you are already familiar. But mass loss hierarchy of need is a motivational theory in psychology. And it explains how human needs are arranged in hierarchy from the most basic needs that's the ability to have food to eat to the complex needs like the ability for self-actualization. We're gonna talk about all of those in a bit. So in the bottom of the hierarchy, we look at physiological needs like food, clothing, shelter, and things like that. And then it's followed by safety needs, social needs, and then esteem need and finally self-actualization needs. So using this mass loss hierarchy of need, I've come up with something. I'm calling the UCHI's hierarchy of metaverse utility. So I use this when I'm evaluating crypto projects. So I advise a couple of crypto projects and when I first speak to the team, I try to understand how that project meets one of the mass loss hierarchy of needs. So I mean, as you might know, utility refers to the usefulness or value of something. Right, so when we take a look at what utility means in relation to the different mass loss hierarchy of needs, we're gonna see that for physiological needs, both tokens and NFTs, they have the potential to help us meet those needs. And they only do that if they enable us to purchase basic necessities of life. So like for example, food, clothing, shelter, and a token for example, could be used to purchase goods and services online while an NFT can represent ownership of a fiscal house or ownership of a car. So when a token helps us meet this need, the ability to purchase products and services that meet our basic need, then we can say that that token is useful, it has utility. But more than that, when we move up to the safety needs, both tokens and NFTs also have the potential to help us meet our safety needs, right? So for example, we have stable coins that are pegged to the US dollars. And this provides a sense of safety or stability because the US dollars cannot be recognized by most countries. And when you talk in respect to that currency, basically makes sense to provide stability. And then finally, for NFTs, right? NFTs can represent ownership of something very, very valuable. So for example, an artwork or collectible, which can then securely be stored on the blockchain. When tokens and NFTs provide this value, we can say that they are meeting the safety needs in the mass loss hierarchy of needs. So that we can say that those tokens are useful. But I think what's more important is what's in the top side of the mass loss hierarchy of needs. It's pretty obvious that a token should be spendable in reproduction services. What was less obvious is how can a token help us achieve our self-actualization need, right? So I mean, tokens and NFTs can help us pursue things that we're passionate about. So our passions and aspiration, for example, they do that when they give us access to exclusive experiences, right? So if we've made lots of money, we can basically buy an NFT that potentially provides access to an exclusive event and exclusive experience like backstage access to a concert or meet and greet with an artist that we're really, really passionate about. But more importantly, tokens can help us to solve bigger problems in life and also NFTs. So if there's a cause that we're really passionate about, we can potentially use tokens and NFTs to donate to those courses and that would make an impact in the world. That brings satisfaction, that brings fulfillment and tokens and NFTs that basically help us do that have utility. And so, I mean, when we understand and look at utility in the metaverse in this lens, it's basically easier to measure how useful they are and you can start to unlock discussions around how do we build, how do we bring utility using open technology? So I'm gonna jump into that in a bit. So, but the challenge is that the current state of Fairweb 3 or the blockchain ecosystem, it's really, it's interesting. That's kind of how I'll describe it, right? Because there are so many tokens out there. In fact, there are over 220,000 unique tokens, but the challenge is that they are not spendable on reward products and services or experiences and most of them are for speculation, right? So it's estimated that about 90% of transactions in the Bitcoin network are for speculation purposes and this limits the utility of these assets and basically it reduces financial inclusion because when people are interested in getting into this space see that there's this speculation going on, they don't wanna like jump in and regulators are also kind of worry about basically supporting the ecosystem. So we're gonna jump right into what we did, like something practical that we built at Chim Money and we built this product called Unispens. It has some open components to it and it's all available on GitHub if you wanna check it out. But at Chim Money we believe that when we're able to connect traditional financial system to the work that is being done in Web3 we have the potential to basically unlock more utility for the metaverse and that's why we built Unispens. So Unispens is a crypto to commerce protocol. Currently Unispens supports over 500 million products and services from Amazon and Shopify, gift cards and things like that. But when we're gonna focus on all that, we're gonna focus on like the open components that we built to make it happen. So basically Unispens, it's a way to bridge between metaverses, tokens, NFTs and things like that to real world products and services. And we've been able to build this in such a way that their open APIs, open SDKs and also local tools that any developer can integrate with today. So without jumping deeply into this, at the moment you can offer or cash out from five different blockchains to one of these products. So over 500 million products from Amazon, gift cards, over 2,000 different gift cards and even offline payment systems in Africa. So for example, mobile money in Kenya and we're looking at also adding things like WeChat Pay whereby someone that has a token on one ecosystem can basically cash out to there. WeChat Pay wallet. So ultimately for us to bring utility to the metaverse, we basically need to build in the open, right? We need to build and it has to be collaborative, it has to be inclusive. But before we kind of conclude our stop for bits to see if there are questions, specifically around maybe how we build, shouldn't spend or whatever you're thinking. So if you have questions or comment, I'll stop to take them now. Okay, so yeah, so I mean the future of utility in the metaverse is open, right? And what we did with shouldn't spend was we use a couple of things to make it happen. So as most of you know, the different chains out there have open ways to send transactions to them, right? So what we did, we started with the SRP ledger ecosystem and we used two things in that ecosystem. We used the transaction SDKs and also we used something called the path finding. So it's basically a way to route transactions across multiple tokens in the SRP ledger ecosystem and allow users to pay a certain token why you get like a stable coin. So that way you are kind of protected from the speculation that goes on in the ecosystem. So we use the SDKs to basically initiate a transaction when the user has signed a transaction, we're able to then confirm it and a product is delivered to the user based on the payment that they've made. Again, this is opposed to us on the two months GitHub report if you like to check it out. And once we've done that and we were able to process a few transactions, we then scaled on to the seller blockchain. So on the seller blockchain, Unispend is also available there. And after that we scaled on to EVM chains. I mean, as most of you are familiar, EVM chains are the standard for EVM chains are basically the same, right? So once you're able to support one EVM chain, it's easier for you to scale across multiple EVM chains and let users buy products and services, sign transactions, you confirm your transactions and basically deliver a product to them. But what we're looking to do is getting more developers to contribute to the Unispend ecosystem. And there are a couple of ways to do it. So the first way is doing a full API integration. So to do that, it's more, there are some open elements for it, but it's not fully non-costal there because you kind of have to work with Chimoy to do that. But the interesting one, I think this audience might be interested in is the low-code approach where it's fully non-costal there and it's clear to pair between the user that is signing a transaction and the service provider. So you add a single line of code in an iFrame on a web app or if it's in a mobile app, you can add it to a web view. Just a single line of code gives users the access to the Unispend marketplace, which they can browse across multiple products. And when they add an item to cart, they check out, they are basically signing a transaction from their wallet in the non-costal their way. So there's nothing for them to create an account and things like that. Once that transaction is confirmed, that product is delivered to them. So the wallet developer doesn't have to build any relationship with Chimoy to offer that. It just works between the user signing the transaction and then the merchants and also Chimoy that's delivering that product to them. I think that's where I wanna go. And I mean, for utility to be enhancing the metaverse, right, it's something I've been thinking about is there were three space specifically, there is this idea that we're disrupting the existing status quo. Whereas the fact is, most of the tools that are being used are things that have been worked on for years by open source developers out there. I think more collaboration would do the space more good than ham, right? Whereby, yeah, so we're not disrupting basically the existing standards that have been out there, but collaborating and speaking in a way in a humble way that acknowledges the work that I've been doing. I think that could really go a long way. And I'm happy that I think the discussion is moving from disrupting the existing status quo to collaborating. I mean, previously, like in 2017 or so, it was just like the way of two world wasn't the right way to do things. But now I believe the discussion is shifting between like that, like collaborating between like the different existing technology with like this new stuff that has been built that actually depends on those existing technologies. So I'm gonna stop there for a bit for maybe questions or comments or thoughts. Like we hear what you think, if you have questions. Yeah, go ahead. So if you think that most of the money in cryptocurrencies is speculative, why would people want to use the money? That's a good one. So if the money is speculative, why would people want to use the money? Okay, that's a good one. So I mean, when I think about speculation, I think about it from the angle of a lot of users or a lot of developers create new tokens with the aim of doing pump and dumps. They try to like get those tokens to rise in value and then sometimes they cash out and leave. And some of those tokens and NFTs don't provide real value for users, right? If I have that token, I'm not able to like use it to pay my bills, pay more gauge and things like that. There are a couple of reasons for that. There are technical reasons and also there are regulatory and business reasons for all of that also. I think most of the challenges on the regulatory front. But yeah, so I think what would help is when a token has been developed, building it with the mindset that, okay, yeah, people can speculate on this token, but in addition to that, these tokens should add additional value. So using that, the mass loss hierarchy of neither I described before. So where does this token fit in like this, in this hierarchy of needs? So does that token make it possible to for put a buy food? Or does that token make it possible for the holder to maybe make a donation to a cause that they are passionate about and add value to the world? I think those are the things that we should consider when creating new tokens. Does that answer your question? Yep, thank you. Okay, awesome. Yeah, please. It's very interesting how the pyramid works and all these things regarding the Web 3.0 and all these topics. So I have a question, and because right now we are living this transition from the Web 2.0 to the Web 3.0 plus metaverse, which is really a new thing which is already not established and standardizing the outside world and software engineering. So my question is that according to this pyramid for migrating to Web 3.0 plus metaverse, we should start by creating tokens and NFTs and I should not also cryptocurrency. So would you say that should be a good starting point or there is anything to be considered more important to be able to start bringing the Web 3.0 to the outside world? Yeah, that's a good one. So yeah, there's a transition from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 like you mentioned and also yes, you mentioned that would a good start be creating tokens and NFTs or is there something that needs to be done? So yes, there's definitely a good start. So creating tokens and NFTs. And I think what we're doing that something we should also consider is I guess two things. The first one is what value does this token or NFTs add to users? Is this token useful? Can this token be used to pay bills? Can it be used to make donations? Can it be used to protect one's asset? Can it be used to hold value in something that someone is passionate about? So the utility of a token should be considered and also something that should be considered is the environmental impact of the token on NFTs should be considered also, right? So what blockchain are we building it on and how does that kind of impact the environment? Not really going to go into details of that but I think that's a factor that should also be considered. And something else that I think it's super important is carrying everyone along, right? So the challenge that I was saying is that people that are building, some people that are building the work, three space kind of have this. So I don't know what to use but basically they feel that sometimes the work that has been done is not the right way to do it. Like there's this idea that decentralized and open, yeah, decentralized is the way to go. Whereas there's always been decentralization, right? If you look at the way open source is managed, like GitHub and things like that, issue tracking, pull request process, all of those things. We already had all of those decentralization and I feel like sometimes the Web 3 space is trying to reinvent what already exists and looking down on those that have already been doing this and those are laid the foundation for what's been done in Web 3. So I think the idea of collaboration should also be important, should also be considered greatly when trying to transition or augment what has been done in Web 2 to like this new Web 3 stuff and also the meta vast stuff. That's kind of my opinion. Yeah, you're welcome. Okay, so that's everything I had for my talk today. I think I rush through it. Well, if you have any questions, definitely like send me an email or follow me on Twitter. Happy to connect with folks, especially if you're looking to build stuff on any of the blockchains, I've worked with several blockchains, so I would be happy to support in that regard. Yeah, so happy to collaborate because like I mentioned before, it's only by collaborating that we can unlock utility in the meta vast.


30 seconds remaining and you should wrap up your comments. Before you begin your comments, please state your name. Thank you. Good evening and welcome to your Forest City Council meeting. I'll call us to order. Tonight's invocation will be by Dr. Cedric Belcher from the Grace Temple Seventh Day Adventist Church. Please rise for the invocation and remain standing for the Pledge of Allegiance. Let us pray. God of grace, God of mercy. Thanks for your benevolent blessings. We have allowed us to gather for another city council meeting. Bless the agenda. May it speak to the issues impacting our community. Grant our mayor and council members the insight and full sites to make decisions that will make this community a better place. May they see as you see through the lens of righteousness, justice, and service to this community. This is my prayer. This is my plea. In Jesus' name I pray. Amen. Council, the first action item is the consideration of the minutes from the May 24, 2022 joint city council meeting and the October 11th, 18th, and 25th council meetings. Motion and a second and a discussion. Please vote. I don't think that we have...do we have vote buttons? May I just have to do manually? Okay, all in favor say aye. Aye. Any nays? Motion carries. That concludes the business mayor. Now we have just the speakers. Thank you. Our first speaker will be Barbara Netus, followed by Bob Willoughby. My name is Barbara Netus. I represent the U.S. Small Business Administration Office of Disaster Assistance. So basically I'm here due to the disaster that happened on August 22nd through the 25th. It was the flooding and severe storms. It was declared an agency declaration and where the government agency offering low-interest government loans for businesses of all sizes, homeowners, renters, nonprofit organizations, including places of worship. For home loans we offer up to $200,000 to repair a place, physical damage to your home, and up to $40,000 for personal property, anything that's inside, and your primary car. And this is where the renters come in. They can get to $40,000 personal property and the primary, but has to be your primary residence. For businesses we offer up to $2 million to repair a place of physical damage, inventory, supplies, equipment, anything that was affected. And also economic injury disaster loan, if you were closed during the timeline of August 22nd through the 25th, it's a working capital and to regain your business back. And this goes for the nonprofits, the same thing up to $2 million for physical damage, and also the economic injury disaster loans. For home loans it's as low as 2.18% for businesses low as 3.04, and then for nonprofits low as 1.87. It's basically to help everybody recover for the uninsured and the uninsured losses. They're up to 30 years. We cover deductibles, no closing costs, and we can, you know, and basically we also have medication to prevent for future damage. So people can apply on disasterloanassistance.sba.gov. They have also a 1-800 number if they want to do reconsiderations, ask for status, any other questions that they have, and also get paper applications if they do have issues applying online. So that's 1-800-659-2955. And I just want to also mention that the deadline is November 14th for physical damage loans, and then economic injury is June 14th of next year. And it's basically Dallas County and the surrounding counties, that's why it's including Terri. So thank you for having me. Thank you, Barbara. Appreciate it. Make sure, Barbara, there's a gentleman here from Councilmember Beck's office, Anthony, you don't raise your hand. Just make sure y'all connect because we have one neighborhood in District 9 that was pretty badly affected. Thanks, Michael. Our next speaker is Bob Willoughby, followed by Mona Kissentainer. Apologize, Mona. I butchered that. Looks like I have to speak tonight. Anyway, I had a video lined up for the night to play, and it's the same video I had here two weeks ago to play, and I sent it in on Monday or Friday or whatever I got it in. And I never got any word from the city council or the lawyer, the attorney, no one's saying that the video wouldn't play last two weeks ago. And that reasoning was they weren't planning on letting me speak two weeks ago. Three of them were gone, and Elizabeth Beck, the fourth one, got up and walked out before it was my turn to speak at the end. Now, close they put me to the end, too. This is all a planned thing. When your city councilmember's plot to do something like that, that ought to send up flags, that's really wrong. The plot to stop someone from speaking. It's really embarrassing. It's in maturity, and we don't need it in Fort Worth. Now, what I want to get at here, here are the emails from our Shannon or from our Code Compliance, and I made a mistake here. I put one on twice. The first email from Shannon, the Code Compliance didn't say bully, and the first one was I asked for a meeting. I asked some questions on email, and she wouldn't answer them, and I asked for a meeting. She sent me one back saying that she was afraid to have a meeting with me from a city employee, okay? I even thought we could have it downtown, and she'd be safe, and there's no one there. The second one she sent me was saying she would not be bullied into having an unproductive meeting, so this is from an employee, okay? And the reason is they're not answering the question that I asked. So now, we take it further. I get one from the attorney here saying that she received my voicemail about the same case. Now, I can't put it all on there, and I'll share all this. If you join my email list, you'll get everything. I just can't put it out here. Answering all kind of things about this case that I'm working on, I've been working on, and the first question I sent back to her, and I have not got a response yet from Leigh Ann. I sent one back. I want to know why are you doing the co-compliant director, Brandon Bennett's job? If he can't answer these questions, why is he director? He's well overpaid. Bennett does not have to answer any questions. The attorneys do it for him. I think he should do it, but anyway, if she wants to do it, and she's gonna do it, then you need to answer the question I'm putting forth to you. Here's the question.  Why did you get that? And when we show up with a camera, they run off. It's been over two years, and it's not a violation no more because we showed up with a camera. I want you to answer that question, Leigh Ann. When we had a camera, it's not a violation. When we don't have a camera, it's a violation. Can you explain that one? I don't think you will. Join our email list. You can sit. You can go back and get that, okay? Our next speaker is Mona Kissentainer, followed by George Charles. Is Mona here? Next speaker is George Charles, followed by Jim DeLong. My name is George Ronald Charles, my residence in Fort Worth. The rasty of what follows can be evaluated by observations and video of the public comments of October 18th, 2022. As the video begins, a council member for district nine is conversing with a city attorney at the latter's usual location during meetings, leaning over to do so. At 11 seconds, she stands up, but the conversation continues until she faces away at 17 seconds. By 25 seconds, she is by her usual chair. At two minutes, six seconds, the mayor pro tem begins to give the guidelines for speaking. During this, the city attorney leaves the chair she normally occupies at two minutes, 19 seconds. At two minutes, 27 seconds, the mayor pro tem states, and with that, we welcome the first speaker. At two minutes, 32 seconds, the camera angle changes. The city attorney is watching a monitor normally used by the city secretary's office. This continues until two minutes, 28 seconds, when she leans over to talk to the acting city secretary. At 30 minutes, 57 seconds, Adrian Smith finished speaking, and the camera angle changes to city council. The council member for district nine appears to be utilizing her thumbs for phone operation. This continues as the acting city secretary says the next speaker is Will Dryden. At 30 minutes, 58 seconds to 31 minutes. At 31 seconds, said council member ceases this, places the phone to her left, then places it in the direction where her two bags, unseen at this point, later proved to be. At 31 minutes, 19 seconds, the camera angle changes to Mr. Dryden. At 34 minutes, 11 seconds, the bell rings. Mr. Dryden continues to speak. At 34 minutes, 16 seconds, the camera angle changes to city council. At 34 minutes, 17 seconds, the acting city secretary begins to say your time has expired, sir. At that point, the council member for district nine has risen from the chair. She has been occupying and at 34 minutes, 18 seconds, the action recorded by the document provided takes place. Said document will show that no member of city council or staff appears to see this. At 34 minutes, 29 seconds, the acting city secretary begins to say our final speaker this evening is Bob Willoughby, concluding at 34 minutes, 31 seconds. Council member for district nine is off camera. At 34 minutes, 33 seconds, the city attorney back in her customer position looks to her right, then to her left, concluding at 34 minutes, 36 seconds. At 34 minutes, 37 seconds, she leans toward the mayor pro tem. At 34 minutes, 38 seconds, the latter states it appears we have a lost core. Our next speaker is Jim DeLong, followed by Tara Rice. Good evening. I'm Jim DeLong, district seven and I want to speak tonight on the expert panel review and I'm quoting from page four of that document. The subheading is excessive use of no knock warrants and unnecessary SWAT deployments and I'm quoting the panel's review of the justification calls into question whether the no knock was legally justified. It appeared that no knock warrants were routinely used as de facto training exercises for the SWAT team when safer alternatives were clearly available and should have been considered or applied. So the review is this review board expert review panel is saying and accusing our police department of this excessive use of no knock warrants. Let me share the rest of the story and what preceded this quote. They quoted on page four 19, I mean 2018 there were 154 occurrences of the excessive use of the no knock warrants. 2019 there were 90 so we've come down 64 and the police department made changes. Now this is in the report. Get this 2021 there were zero and then the review panel goes back prior to 2018 and says man they used excessive force on this no knock policy and they were implying that our police department was using excessive force where in fact the police department did their due diligence they saw this they corrected it to the extent that in 2021 there were zero occurrences. I would say that's great work by the police department finding out there were some things that needed to get adjusted and fixed and they brought it down to zero and I have one more comment to make and I'm not doing this tongue-in-cheek I'm doing it very seriously what I witnessed in the work session today mayor I would encourage you to schedule de-escalation training for everyone on the dais. I'm serious the what I saw today and heard today. Emily Young. That's Tara here. Ms. Rice. Oh sorry. Ms. Rice. What's on here? Please go ahead you have three minutes. Hello my name is Tara Rice. I am the mother of Jalen Rice who is right now being held hostage at the parent county jail in Green Bay which he's waiting trial on December 1st. Well actually December 8th he also minds you he has a court date coming up November 11th and somehow I noticed that it was scheduled for a Friday and they don't um no one in no one in parent county uh works on a Friday especially the the upper officials they don't work on Fridays um also furthermore um on on September 30th um I called I came back in my I came to my home and I called out the Fort Worth uh city the city of Fort Worth um fire department made a 911 call because there was carbon dioxide released into my home um I called the city of Fort Worth and somehow and also because my home was broken into and I can tell that the furnace was tampered with um because I it was showing it wasn't it wasn't how I left it and my home was vandalized by Deja Singleton and Hannah Martinez. Also uh the the city of Fort Worth fire department came out to my home and they called Tri-County Electric. Tri-County Electric then sent someone out to my home by the name Joshua who was an employee for Tri-County Electric um and he was trying to deplete eventually arrived about two hours later after the fact um I had power fine until the officer that showed up to take my report um I will mention his name at a later time but he uh he showed up and he he did not even take my report because I was I was scheduled to do a interview with Fort Worth Weekly. Mind you what he did was he told Joshua the Tri-County employee to turn off my power. I then go around and I noticed that my meter was tampered with. Why is Joshua listed on that report as a victim and no report was ever found from the vandalism that someone breaking in my home taking a whole bunch of items out of there the officer walked away and had and directed Tri-County Electric to turn off my power then bill me for three thousand dollars and for for for whatever unknown reason um so therefore I would like an investigation opened up in reference to that in reference to and and and they know why there wasn't why there wasn't even a police report filed when the officer walked away when I told him I'm getting ready to do it do a zoom meeting for Fort Worth Weekly and he walked away he didn't even care he didn't he had an attitude when he came to my home mind you these two individuals I asked several times not to come back to my home thank you Tara you know and they they were our next speaker is Kamala Young. My name is Kamala Young I live in District 9. um I'm not gonna be before y'all real long I was in the work session and heard the discussion on police oversight and I just want us to all kind of come back to the center on this why did the who asked for police oversight think about that for a second who asked for it was it the police was it this council or was it the community then we think we know the answer is the community who in the community asked for it people who have been directly impacted by police abuses not people in District 7 maybe who you spoke with who think police are doing a fine and dandy job but the countless people who are represented in the police report that Mr. DeLong talked about from the police experts they are many I'm one of them and these abuses continue today those are the people that you need to have in mind when you're voting on creating this board implementing this board approving this ordinance not any political situations parties whatever or friends but people who have been directly impacted by police abuses in this city and who continue to be to this day those are the voices the only voices that you all need to be considering when you make that vote because putting that board in place it doesn't hurt anybody it only helps the community who asked for it and the police department who says they want to be better who continues to get padded on the back so again we can put our money where our mouth is and say okay we want to give you all the resources to be better to be great and we want to support the people in this community who have been historically abused disadvantaged profiled and all manner of evil by rogue police in this city and not just the city we know is all over this nation and world for that matter so do the right thing is what i'm asking you vote yes for this police oversight review whatever you want to call it board thank you thank you pamela council that's the last of our speakers meeting adjourned


I'm gonna go ahead and get in. I went with smaller size, down in an 89 cents. I'm still in it here I'm down a little bit, but not terribly worried about it just quite yet. Tough trade here I'm re-evaluating my position here as we speak if we break To the downside I'm gonna sell out at a loss But I'm still in it. I'm holding on I'm gonna go ahead and sell guys. Got out at 85 got got in an 89 got out at 85 That's that's not bad That is not bad at all. Good day subscribers today is 777-TGIF This is a spy options trading channel and thank you for joining me here today What you just saw was me placing a bad trade. I did end up losing 5% on today's trade It's not a big deal. It's not a big blow by any means. I actually trade it with fewer contracts fewer Less money that I normally trade with to begin with the trade itself didn't feel completely right In fact, it wasn't the actual setup. It didn't actually pan out But I can definitely take a couple things from today's trade. First of all, I have to practice what I preach That's patience That can be placing a trade just to place a trade I only use two indicators on certain time frames and on the five-minute charm It just it wasn't to my liking but still I took that trade and I paid for it And again, it wasn't that big of a deal. It wasn't a bad blow. I didn't lose thousands of dollars I lost I did lose 5% but here's the good part yesterday me 12% today I lost 5% and That's that's great Two trades this week one winning one losing and I still ended up green for the week So that's that's really good. That's really awesome. And another thing that I wanted to Take away from today is my strategy gives me the best opportunity to make money Versus losing money if I do get myself into a bad trade the indicators are to my advantage Much more much deeper so to speak than being to my disadvantage So it proves to me that this is the strategy that I can definitely Excel and make money in that's the biggest thing I can take away from today's Trading is even if I get into a bad trade. It's getting it's gonna give me a great opportunity to Minimize my losses the trend is your friend. That's one of the biggest tips I can definitely tell you it's not even Trading tip Thursday, but the trend is your friend and that's what saved me today and all my losses I do make losses guys That's that's part of the game if you're not willing to lose if you're not willing to fail Then then you shouldn't even try doing it You will lose in the stock market the name of the game is can you make more money than you can lose? I truly believe that I have a great strategy on my hands that even whenever I get in a bad trade I'm not losing a lot of money now. It's up to me to decide to pull the trigger to How not only to buy but to sell it's so hard guys. It's so hard to Basically hit that sell button when you're down Reason being is the human insidus doesn't want to be wrong and I understand that I I can I feel for you guys, but Sometimes guys sometimes we're not right a hundred percent of the time. That sounds funny to say But that's the truth. You gotta know When to cut your losses cut your losses guys cut your losses Early and quick today today's trade took me 12 minutes guys Usually that's unheard of I'm hardly ever in a trade for more than five six minutes at the very most but today Unfortunately, I did hold and I did get into a bad trade, but I lost but the best part is I only lost 5% I made more money yesterday Even if I trade with the same amount of contracts that I normally do it would have been okay because I made more money Yesterday, then I lost today That's the biggest thing and that's what matters guys at the end of the day. Did you learn from your mistake? It's okay to make mistakes Absolutely, we all make mistakes guys, and I'm gonna show you I'm gonna show you all my mistakes I'm gonna show you all the times that I make a losing trade all the times that I make a winning trade Regardless, that's what I made this channel for is I want to show all my trades Whether I win lose or I get out even money guys So thank you for watching hit that subscribe button Don't forget to share and like my videos. I would absolutely appreciate that. Thank you so much Comment below what you thought about this video. Did you like it? Did you hate it? But hey, I lost today. Not a big deal. I hope everybody has a nice weekend. Thank you so much for watching


This course is on index and ETF trading. You may be coming from any walk of life So some of you may be in retail some of you may be in technology or finance or energy and You probably know your industry well So you know people generally tend to gravitate towards stocks that they know and understand and and there's a good reason for that Because they understand the companies and that's a very good reason. You need to understand the companies that you're dealing with But sometimes Even if you're dealing with companies that you know, you do get some surprises The company may be involved in a lawsuit They might be some other kind of bad news or something happened in their factory in China or If you're with any of the energy companies, you're always worried about some kind of an oil spill somewhere Which will tank your stock Even if you deal with companies that you know, there are always these Uncertainties of all kinds and if you're if your stock or if your company gets caught up in that kind of a mess Then the stock is subjected to severe volatility. The price the price is crash and things like that So you don't have to always deal in stocks. If you've never dealt with ETFs and indexes before I want to tell you these instruments are fantastic because they give you instant diversification So you can buy ETFs that have a certain sector. So let's say you're coming from the technology Industry you have a technology ETF if you're coming from finance, you have a finance ETF if you're coming from energy You have an energy ETF. So rather than take a single company exposure into some of these Stocks you would go into the ETF itself and look at the options on the ETFs now all these major ETFs have Fantastic liquidity. So you don't need to worry about whether you're selecting something that nobody is going to be interested in or anything These most of these sector ETFs and the major index ETFs trade in millions of shares per day So you don't have to worry about liquidity and ETFs are the equivalent of mutual funds So just like mutual funds ETFs are instantly diversified So if you're coming from technology, for example, the technology ETF is going to have Investments into like a hundred different technology companies and some of them will be the big ones You'll have the apples and the googles and the yahoo's and all of that inside that ETF So you're dealing with very big large companies. You're dealing with a certain diversification that's designed and built into the instrument itself and that of course reduces volatility Because you're not exposed to company specific news company specific activities the company specific earnings reports and things like that


the Denver Broncos, Chicago Bears, Miami Dolphins, Jacksonville Jaguars, and the Minnesota Vikings are all in the running for a new head coach. The Raiders as well, but they're worrying about the playoff game. But ranking these head coaching positions, what is the worst and the best head coaching positions available at this point? I mean, you gotta go from worst to best because you gotta look at the pros and cons of each team, and we're gonna go ahead and name all five of these head coaching vacancies. Number five, let's say it's a Jacksonville Jaguars. I think this is pretty obvious at this point, probably worst on a lot of your guys' list. There's not really much going for them. I mean, the pros of it, Trevor Lawrence, once-in-a-generation talents could develop. Yeah, you have that upside of Trevor Lawrence. You have the number one overall pick, which you could draft someone or you could trade down. And then you also have great weather. That's it. That's really it. I mean, you've got some talent here and there. I mixed it as well, but nothing really is attractive for the Jacksonville Jaguars, other than that, Trevor Lawrence is the quarterback. I mean, just ask Urban Meyer, who took a job only because of Trevor Lawrence. And ignored the fact that, hey, you have defensive struggles. You wanna get Travis Etienne in the first round instead of getting an offensive lineman that you really need. Like there's a lot of aspects of the Jacksonville Jaguars that need some work. Number four on this list, I'm gonna go ahead and mention, I'm gonna mention the Chicago Bears. It's between the Chicago Bears and the Miami Dolphins at this point, but I'm gonna mention the Bears just because I know you have Justin Fields as like your Trevor Lawrence, like he was a rookie, he had a lot of upside and fields. But again, there's just way too many holes to fill. The defense looks good when the matchup is good and when the matchup is bad, they don't look the best. I mean, you've got some bright sides. Robert Quinn, you've got some good corners and Jaylen Johnson who hasn't had a bad season this year. David Montgomery as well, but he's, I mean, he's probably gonna be dealing with some contract issues in the next, probably in 2022, 2023. You've got some issues to fill, especially the offensive line. Like you've got to address that. And just because the craft shoot that the Chicago Bears offense has been as of late, Ryan Pace, Matt Nagy, those guys did not work out. And now you got to come in, bring in a general manager, bring in a head coach as well that can clean up the mistakes that those guys have made. So I would say number four are the Chicago Bears. Number three, I'm gonna go with the Miami Dolphins as the third best head coaching vacancy available. The pros of it, they have a great defense, young up and coming players, such as Jaylen Waddle, to a Tugofailoa, I mean, they're still kind of feeling them out. I mean, he's very accurate, but it's because he completes short intermediate passes and he doesn't make a lot of mistakes, which is all you could ask for. But as far as like the difference maker that they drafted Tugofailoa to be, not yet, just hasn't developed into that just yet. They're hoping that they can, but as of right now, no. So you have Jaylen Waddle, Mike DeSic, you're gonna have to sign to a big contract extension and you have a very good defense. You just gotta worry about the run game at this point. Duke Johnson, Miles Gaskin, even though Duke Johnson has been looking good, he's not the future. You've gotta get a running game going. You've gotta get some offensive line issues fixed for the Miami Dolphins and then you're set.  When you had Josh Rosen and Ryan Fitzpatrick as your quarterbacks in 2019, everybody expected the Dolphins to not do that good. And they didn't, but they did better than what people expected. Like they had a lot of good upsets that season and it's because of Brian Flores. And then the year after that, well, the Dolphins, they're not gonna do that good again. They're probably gonna be like seven and nine, six and 10, whatever. Nah, they've actually put up a winning season and we're actually, because of tiebreakers away from making an AFC wildcard spot. Oh man, they start one and seven. The Miami Dolphins are not looking good in 2021. Well, Brian Flores turned this team around. Seven game winning streak and gave them another winning season and swept the greatest coach of all time in Bill Belichick. I would say the cons of that are Brian Flores were the reason that the Miami Dolphins did so good. And whoever comes in as head coach has to match the same football IQ of Brian Flores to turn that team around. Team number two, and I would rate them at number one because they are only one position away from being a playoff team, but I'm gonna put the Denver Broncos at number two. And let me explain the pros. The pros, you're just a quarterback away. That's it, that's it. You have a run game. Melvin Gordon's not coming back next year. His contract is up, they have Giovante Williams. There's no need to re-sign him. So you're gonna have Giovante Williams in your running game, you're set. Offensive line, set. Defense, set. I mean, they give up some big plays here and there in the secondary, but for the most part, they're set. Now, this is why I have them ranked at number two and not at number one, is because that's the con, you're a quarterback away. And who is the personnel as executive, player executive that makes decisions along with George Payton, the general manager on who they're gonna bring in on that team, especially at the quarterback position? It's John L. Way. Denver Great will never lose his job with the Denver Broncos because of what he did as a player for the Denver Broncos. However, you gotta analyze and really think, all right, well, John L. Way, you brought us a Super Bowl by bringing in Payton Manning. You made that decision, you made the tough decision and moving on from Tim Tebow, bringing in Payton Manning and it helped us reach two Super Bowls and one of them we won, cool. After that, what happened? Nothing really, nothing really. Your future quarterback and Brock Osweiler, now he dipped, he's gone, didn't work out. Then you drive Paxton Lynch in the first round. No, didn't work out. Oh, let's go down the route of Trevor Simeon maybe. No, it didn't work out. Oh, let's go down the route of bringing in veteran quarterbacks because this quarterback is good and I believe in him. Casekeena, didn't work out. Joe Flacco, didn't work out. Teddy Bridgewater, didn't work out. Drew Locke, drafting another quarterback, did not work out. So it just hasn't worked out with John L. Way and if I'm a head coaching candidate, I would consider the Denver Broncos but because of John L. Way being there and knowing like, hey, I wanna bring in this quarterback, what are your thoughts? It's gonna be hard to kind of tell him like, dude, I don't know. Unless it's Aaron Rodgers, I don't wanna bring in another veteran quarterback. And then number one, I have the Minnesota Vikings. The pros of this, the roster is already in place. There were just a couple games, two, three, four games away that they gave up. They blew from being an NFC wildcard team. I mean, comparable, they could be talent-wise. They could be comparable to someone like the Las Vegas Raiders, like the Cincinnati Bengals, like they're not the best team at the NFL but they could be like, oh, they could make a push in the playoffs. They could be dark horses. And that's why the Minnesota Vikings, the roster is there, Mike Zimmer has had some very good success with the Minnesota Vikings and the reason why he got fired is because of the collapses that he had. He was not able to finish games. I just wasn't able to. So if you get a head coaching candidate in there, that actually does a little bit better and was able to finish out those two, three, four games that they ended up losing, you're fine. You're fine. You've got the quarterback there in Kirk Cousins, regardless of what everyone else says, Kirk Cousins is fine. He's okay. He's the quarterback. You've got Daven Cook in the running game. The offensive line is not that bad. The defense isn't that bad. The secondary needs some holes to fill in but it's still a very good job. And might I also add that Aaron Rodgers, more than likely will not be returning to the Green Bay Packers. So the NFC North wide open and who are the favorites if Aaron Rodgers were to leave? The Minnesota Vikings. So whichever head coach takes the Minnesota Vikings job, as long as you don't mess it up in free agency, as long as you don't mess it up in the draft, you already have the roster. The competition isn't really necessarily there in the NFC North. You can win that division. You can run that division for the next two, three years or so.


Salwyn, ychwanegau cyfnod a'r cyfnodol? Ie, iddyn nhw'n gwybod bod wedi bod yn ymwneud yn ffrwng ymlaen o'r ffrwng, ar y gynhyrchu, mae nhw eistedd i ffwrdd y ffrwng ymlaen o'r ffrwng, a'r ffrwng sy'n cyfrwng sy'n cyfrwng ymlaen o'r ffrwng ymlaen o'r ffrwng ymlaen. Yn ymgrifennu'r cyfrwng! 19,000 oed yn y bwrdd ymlaen o'r ymlaen o'r ymlaen o'r Lleidau Prwysigol, y llwydd yn y top 6 o'r lefion, yn y llwydd o'r cyflym o'r cymdeithasol. Rhywbeth fyddai'r cyflym ar hyn sy'n gyflyg am ychydig i'r llwydd yn yw. You've been tremendously successful over the years, getting things put out of this division. At what extent are you looking to give that very part in your decision? Well, a little bit. I've also liked to think I've been a successful championship manager as well. Yn y cyfnod, mae'n cyfaradwyr i'w dweud bod hefyd yn ei bod hanes cordiwyd gweithio'r portfoyd ar gweithfodol yn y mewn ymgyrch. Nid i'n ddweud ei wedi'u wychdoedd yn gweithio gennym pwynt yn y teimlo ymlaid yn eithaf yr hwoel yma, pan oedd ein gweithio mae'r portfoyd yn ei dweud o swyddio. Mae'r gwybod yn gweithio'r portfoyd sy'n hefyd yn y gweithio. Fydden yw wneud ar gyfer ei dan yma rwy'n ei gweithio.茭 Definitely coming to the football club and change major things because I think she deserves a lot of credit for where it is still, it's morning time. Yn rhan o mundoid cause she tried to implement with a few ideas very quickly to try and get as over the line and get this club back into a championship. Mae'r gweithio'r gwneud hynny, ond yw'n mewn gwirionedd yn cymryd. A'r hyn yn y peth, mae'n ymwneud yn gweithio'r gwasanaeth, mae wedi bod yn ymddiadio'n rhaid i'r cyflwyno. Yn ymddiad sy'n dda i, mae'r gweithbwyr yn rhaid i'r gweithbwyr. Mae'r gweithbwyr yn rhaid i'r gweithbwyr yn rhaid i'r gweithbwyr. body of the Cubs got, Only I didn't come out scarred or anything like that and the last few months I have been watching games and watching different sports and the coaching like Brian McDermott recently with the Rhinos and just enjoying myself for a little bit. And just enjoying watching football, it was a welcome back to football on Tuesday night and that was a welcome back to football. I stood on the touchline on the Tuesday night and getting to better hapus for the following morning so being thrown in the deep end but that is what I like. Fy hoff yw'r gweithio'r clwb eithaf yn 32, gyda'n adeiladau. Fe wnaethau i'r bywb ac mae'r bywb yn rhaid i ddweud yr awdurdodau. Felly, rhaid i'n ffwrdd, rhaid i ffwrdd i'n fwy o'r gweithio i'r ffwrdd ac yn ymlaen, rhaid i'n ffwrdd i'n gweithio i'r bywb. Felly, rhaid i'n ffwrdd i'n gweithio i'r bywb, mae'r ddechrau'n gweithio yma, Felly, mae'r adnodd yr edryd yn ymddangos, yn gyhoeddiadau, ac rwy'n cael eu chwestiwch, fel dyna gwybod i'r hyn sy'n gwybod ymlaen nein yn y dingrin, eisiau'n gweithio fel y ymlaen i'r gubeithio, ac y llwyddiad yn gwybod â'n gweithio. Rwy'n detyn nhw, lle mae'n rhaid i gael i chi. Felly mae'n edrych, te'n wedi'i wneud fr shineolion ac rwy'n gorwf ni'n gweithio mewn gweld. Gweithio'n weithio. Rwy'n wedi gweld y cyfrnfromio. So y dypa eich anodd yn ei dan y gyfano. Rydych yn swydd mewn beth a'r arall sy'n gofio? Rydych yn ei wneud gan gfrannu'n gwneud, a'r talog adael am gynnalu'r y gweithio, I'm not seen them play a lot, but I threw it through due diligence. Since I've been out of work I keep an eye on all levels of football and worked very closely over the last few days with Greg Abbott and Kenny Black and the rest of the staff to get to know the players. There must be doing something, right, because they've not been out of the top 6 in 18 months. Felly, all we need to do is tweak a few bits and bobs which me and Glamir's assistant will do, restore a little bit more confidence back into the group which has obviously been affected with the results that have happened. But you saw the other night, fantastic attitude, a desire to get back into a game and there's some talented players that can play at a higher level. As we've said already, we've been very successful at this level and that's what has hired. What do you think is different about playing one with a few ring to this club? Well I think in current terms of league one you've got to be consistent, you've got to have probably a style of playing, you've got to be players that have to adapt to it. Championship is a different level, a little bit more technical than this level, you've got to be able to compete. But you've got to be consistent, you can't be up and down too much, you've got to get consistent results which will get you over the line if possible. We know football fans are tribal, you've managed at league, you've managed at hospital, do you foresee any problems with the fans there? Look, I've got a problem whatsoever, I've got thick skin, I've managed Blackpool and Preston so it doesn't bother me whatsoever. The only way you can get supporters on your side if you've got them against you is by winning football matches and that can change round very quickly. So I've got no problems for that, I'm too long in the tooth to worry about what people think about me. On that subject, how much of a specific reputation do you need to develop for getting teams from league one into the championship because of what your chief agrees? And you assume that your brief here at Rafa has got me down the same? Look, no matter what level I've worked at, I've always tried to be successful so if it means being in league one and getting four promotions previously, that's what I've done. Even when I've taken teams up, I've been successful. I took leagues to seventh in the division, eighth in the division, but I feel we're top half for large parts until I've got that. Preston, I've had two top 11 finishes with bottom three budgets. I like to think I'm a good recognised championship manager who knows what he's doing. I've got 650 games under my belt at whatever level, do whatever is required to win football matches, whether it's league one or league other championship. Hopefully that will be the case from now to the end of the season and longer. You've got many other offers? I've had four or five offers, both home and abroad. It was just one of them and considered for one or two other jobs as well, which didn't come towards me. But ultimately it was all about being at the right time at the right place. This is one that's certainly attracting me because of many different aspects of it all. Do you have the gap before the next game a week on Saturday? Is that going to help you? I think it is. I think it's from Sunday where it's been a whirlwind of me and the staff on Sunday night to meeting the players on Monday. Very little training because we're preparing ready for the game on Tuesday night. We've been very much sort of non-stop for everybody. We've been back in this morning. The players are now off three days off to recover after a busy schedule and get them revitalised ready for the rest of the season now. So I think it's come at a good time. It gives me a chance to work with the players next week, but also it gives them a chance to have a bit of a time away from each other to get to revitalise both the mines and the legs as well. Charm away on a Tuesday night plin of the way on Saturday. Do you think your mum wants to take the job? Yeah, maybe I should have waited a couple of more weeks, I think, to a little bit more. Did you get your first home game? You must be looking forward to that in Valley Parade and what everything that's in town. Well, yeah, definitely. Sort of at the weekend I had one of my staff was here watching when we were close to the negotiations being completed to sort of see what the team were like. I've been here many times. I was here pre-season with someone so I know what this club is like and what the way it's the part that they have and the backing that they create and the atmosphere that they can create. So, again, it was typified on Tuesday night when we were at 850 fans down at Chowton on Tuesday night. So it's a big football club in terms of the following. What we've got to do is try and win a few more matches to really give them something to cheer about. What are your first impressions of the squad that you've seen in playing in competitive surroundings? You've seen them in training perhaps once, twice. What are your first impressions? Well, as I said earlier, I think they've certainly got some talent about them. I think they showed a lot of character the other night after being on the back foot for the first 30 minutes of the game. But from then on, we've been far better teams and they put the bodies on the line. So they've got some different qualities in terms of, as I mentioned, they can handle the ball, some of them, some are more defensive than others. We've got to put it all together to make sure that everything that we do ticks and it can get them back on track to a certain degree. So you asked the elephant in the room, your contract length. Could you explain what it is? Well, first and foremost, contracts don't really mean anything. I had a three-year deal at Sutherland and left after four months. But I've signed till the end of the season. Bradford were very pushing, trying to sign a longer deal and a very long deal. But it was on my terms that I came that I just wanted to come till the end of the season, assess how the football club is, work out where I think we need to be. So I've signed, but there's plenty of preparation and planning going for me to be here next year. So I can't say any more than what the football club tried to do, but it was on my terms that I wanted to come just till the end of the season. Yes, certainly. As I said, the owners were desperate to sign me a long-term deal. But I said to them, the only way I'll come is because I wanted to assess the football club, work out how things can work. But on the other side of that, I'm still planning for next year. We'll still go the next week or so, ten days. We'll be talking about recruitment for players. We'll be planning pre-season. What we need to change around the football club, both the training ground here. So I'm planning to be here for the long term, but the contract is just the end of the season. I've got no problem with that and the owners have had no problem with that. Is there an option clause at contracts? Please stay long if you want to? No option clauses. It's basically that we'll sit down and talk from the end of the season or even before the end of the season. We're very open and relaxed about the situation. I keep saying it, the owners could not do enough to entice me to come to this football club with a very long contract. But I just thought that the way I'm at this morning's time of my career, I want to assess the whole situation and leave things a bit open as such. But I am planning for the long term in terms of the recruitment and players and pre-season preparation. You had a priest as a player, Simon. A lot of people remember. And times were different then. But in the modern situation, where would you say Robert City sits in the Yorkshire Football Community? What's its potential? I think again you just look at the size of the fan base and it can be a recognised championship club. Because it wasn't so long ago that it was a championship club and ultimately a premiership club before that. It's been through some dark times recently, just in league one. But it's a fantastic opportunity because of the community and everything that's connected with it to be one of the bigger clubs into the championship. Everybody who's sport outside who's involved in football says it's an opportunity to be at a great football club and a big football club again. Because you have opportunities to go to certain clubs and you're not going to get half as many in the crowds. You come in and it's 19,000 and that is beating a lot of figures even in the championship at this moment in time. So it shows what it's capable of being like and the bit of more look along the way, a little bit more positivity then it can get back to where it once was. Can you see an obvious flaw in what is going on here at the moment that I was interested in hearing you say that you'll change certain things? Or managers do that? Is there an elephant in the room? As Simon said, is there something that hasn't been wrong for ages that needs to change that? I haven't been here long enough to really think there's any real big fundamental problems. I think people don't understand the game.  To be in the top six and have a minus goal deficit tells you something that we need to be harder to play against. Stop the goals from going in and stop the opposition from playing. So on Tuesday night we tried to be a little bit more harder to play against and I think the play showed that. Obviously we conceded a goal but we were putting the bodies on the line. Again, I said earlier that Stuart did a fantastic job here and my attitude will not be to make radical changes. One, I haven't got enough time to do it. Two, I don't need to do that because the group of players will take ages to understand your philosophies. That can all work to the summer. So it's about just tweaking little things to make us better. What do you say, do you think, as they are at the moment, that you can finish top six? We've got to believe that and certainly it's an achievable thing without a shadow of doubt. It's going to be a lot of twists and turns from now to the end of the season. I think when it gets to this stage of the season, different type of results happen. You've just seen Wiganloo's last couple of games and drop out of the top position for the first time in a long, long time. I did say to the players over the last few days that if you're going to have a blip, have it in January. Don't have it in March, April time because you're not going to recover from that. We've now got 14 games to recover from the first blip of the season. Every team have a blip in the season. Let's make sure that it's not March time and we can be positive with the results that we can have. You said you have people here on Saturday. You obviously saw Tuesday's game. One of the things that's been said prior to those two games, have you seen the confidence at the moment with the fact that points are now on the ball again? I think even as much as everybody was hugely disappointed considering such a late goal on Saturday, it stopped the rock. That was a basics what had happened and potentially could have lost the game given how the game had panned out. You could sense the positive vibe in the dressing room. Everyone was absolutely buzzing that we'd got a good result against a strong team and how well we'd played and yet confidence has taken a bit of a hit and that's part and parcel of what we need to sort of tutor to rediscover that fine line of being confident and unconfident and hopefully we're getting that back quickly and that's what me and Glyn have been thinking very good at doing over our careers in the management game because we try and get the best out of the players and make them feel happy in what they're doing.


Alright guys, so we're going to start off today's technique with the center parting. I want to create some really cool textured face frame layers, right, starting at that jaw line all the way down. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to take diagonal forward partings. Again, we're doing this on dry hair, so what I did was I smoothed and polished it out with a paddle brush first. I used the Ergo paddle brush, the one I love the most. And what I'm going to do is bring that hair forward and I'm going to slide from the top and what I'm doing when I do this technique is a half open, half closed, just really slightly moving that scissor blade down the hair shaft. Now you want to have really sharp scissors to do this to make sure you get a nice glide over the hair.  What that's doing is removing weight, adding texture, but also creating that face frame at the same time. So removing some length from that as well. So I'm going to work my way all the way to the ear, now pretty much at vertical sections, and again just sliding across and cutting. You can see all the movement that happens just from those three sections, guys. That's why this technique is so cool for me, is because you get maximum results with the little effort as you're going in and cutting. So now the next technique that I'm doing here is still slide cutting, half open, half closed. I'm just working in the details in right around that face frame. So breaking it up a little bit and taking off just the very end part of the hair. So you can see the peaceiness that happens just from that technique. Look at the difference between the one side and the other. That's the goal, guys, removing that weight, creating a texture, creating the movement with this really cool technique. So sliding again across the hair shaft and just working short to long. So it's pretty much like if you would elevate it, point cut it, you're just getting a softer angle on this by doing this technique for this face frame. So again, see the half open, half closed. That's a pretty good angle of it. Just sliding down the hair and you can see those shorter pieces and then it gets longer as it falls back off the face. So same thing here.  I didn't move from this whole haircut. So I stayed on the same side of the head and just worked my way through. It's a little bit awkward on this side, but not too bad and just kind of pushing that hair forward across the face. So then sliding all the way to the end, taking out that hair. Now again, I go in half open, half closed, really detailing. Look how it just breaks apart. That face frame really creates that peaceiness, super cool look to this cut. So now once I've got that exactly where I want it, now I'm going to check everything, make sure the balance looks good in the mirror, and then I'm going to start working on the back. Now the back is pretty simple. We're going to work on a traveling guide. Work our way all the way around to the other ear and just slide cutting again. So again, like I said at the very beginning of this video, this is a super easy technique to create a nice textured haircut. Now where this might be a little bit complicated is if you have a guest that comes in, really needs a trim. They're not just looking for some extra texture in their haircut. You're going to want to do a nice one length haircut or something to get the ends nice and strong, maybe even go through and do a little bit of layering first before you do this dry texturizing technique. So there could be other options in this, but in this particular case, all I needed to do was the slide cutting to create the end result. So again, sliding out from short to long, creating those layers and do the same thing on the opposite side. So biggest difference is now I'm pushing away from my body to the guideline before I was pulling towards it. A little overhead view so you can see me sliding there and just working my way around. So notice I take a little bit of the old hair, bring in some of the new hair, push the hair away from my body, and then I half close the scissor and slide down. So one thing I want you guys to realize is that I stop right where the hairline meets behind the ear so that the density of this cut stays very similar. So just know that. So get to the point where the hairline starts to work its way up and that's when you're going to stop. And those layers come together from what you cut in the front and what you cut in the back. Now I go through, I get a nice blunt line on the cut so it looks nice and healthy. I do that at the end. And I'm going to go in with the Joico Body Shaked Texturizing Finisher. There's one for thicker hair and there's one for medium to fine hair. I'm going to do the medium to fine on this particular haircut because she has medium density hair. I spray it in tons of texture. It also smells like you're at the beach. So if you're feeling like you need to get away at this moment, just spray some of this and you'll be good to go. So here's a fun technique that anybody can do really is a wand iron. So you grab the wand iron and you wrap the hair back off your face for the first section. And then the second section I'm going to take, I'm going to wrap towards my face. I'm going to rotate that all the way back to the ear. Now I'm not worried about the back of the head so much at this point. So I'm going to do both sides just like that. So notice I went forward with this technique here and then I'm going to go back with the next section. So I just keep rotating that back and forth till I get to the ear. That gives me a tousled texture. It works out really well. I also want to try to get the ends nice and kind of straighter feeling. So it's more of a lived in look rather than a whole curl. So I leave a little bit of the ends out. I pinch those in my finger and I just work the back of the hair. You'll see me work it all the way around. And this is all the same direction because I don't care as much about the back. Can't see the back anyways, right? When you're in the mirror.  So that face frame, that texture that we created.  You guys can see all the movement that happens in this haircut. If you like the color too, I just put out a color video. So go check that out to how to do this kind of honey blonde, buttery blonde highlight using the new Joyco 9NNG and 10NNG. So hope you guys like it. We'll finish it off with a little bit of spray. Just take it off of her face a little bit. You can see those lived in ends, that texture, the movement. Really love this. Let me know if you guys have questions in the comments below. Also, make sure you subscribe to the channel. There's new videos coming out all the time. And anytime you complete one of these haircuts or do one of these haircuts, hashtag free salon education on Instagram so I can see it. And the last thing I want you to do is go out and download our brand new app.