Good afternoon. Good afternoon, and please be seated. What a beautiful fall day in Vermont, and what a wonderful reception for our students in the class of 2022. My name is Dr. Krista Tsaila, and I am the Associate Dean for Students here at the Robert Lerner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont. It is my pleasure to welcome the students in the class of 2022, their families, their friends, and the faculty and staff who have joined us today to celebrate this important milestone in their medical education, including the University of Vermont President Sullivan and his wife Leslie Sullivan. Thank you so much. During the last two months, the students have been actively engaged in their medical education while also finding time to get to know each other and learn more about our local community. They have impressed me with their enthusiasm and dedication to their education and becoming a physician. So it is my pleasure to introduce Dr. Bill Jeffries, Senior Associate Dean for Medical Education at the Lerner College of Medicine and the brains behind our medical curriculum to share with you the history of the White Coat Ceremony and to introduce our new Dean, Dr. Richard Page. I was a little worrisome to hear myself describe the brains behind the new curriculum. So good afternoon. I'm pleased to add my welcome to the class of 2022 and to all of the faculty, families, friends, and distinguished guests, and alumni, and of course our president and his lovely wife, to be here to celebrate this milestone on your journey to becoming a physician. The White Coat Ceremony marks the official recognition of the first year students entry into the medical profession. Although the ceremony is sometimes seen as a longstanding tradition in the 200 plus year history of UVM, the ceremony's origins are actually quite recent. The first White Coat Ceremony was started in 1993 at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons by Dr. Arnold P. Gold, a pediatric neurologist who was renowned for his connection to humanism in medicine. And sadly, Dr. Gold passed away at the age of 92 earlier this year. But the faculty at the Lerner College of Medicine quickly adopted this ceremony because they saw value in Dr. Gold's insights and felt the need to formally affirm the humanistic aspects of patient care, the call to the vocation of medicine, and the tremendous responsibility that students would be expected to assume. The ceremony also struck a chord with humanistic faculty and students everywhere and it was very quickly embraced by medical schools and other health professional schools around the country. Currently a White Coat Ceremony or similar rite of passage aided through the Gold Foundation takes place at most colleges of medicine and nursing in the United States. The White Coat Ceremony at UVM is simply intended as a formal recognition of the student's transition from aspirant to participant in clinical medicine. Thus, students are welcomed by their dean, officials of the health system, and other respected leaders who represent the value system of the college and the new profession the students are about to enter. The conferral of the White Coat, a powerful symbol of the medical profession, is a tangible expression that demonstrates this bonding process. In the words of Dr. Gold, the White Coat is personally placed on each student's shoulders by individuals who believe in the student's ability to carry on the noble tradition of doctoring. It is a personally delivered gift of faith, confidence, and compassion. It's really an affirmation of everything we knew about you when you applied to this school and you are the culmination of that process and we're very proud of all of you. This is just the beginning of a rich and varied journey. Each of you will travel in your own way. So let me welcome you formally to what will hopefully be a long and satisfying career. Now, it's my esteemed pleasure to welcome our 18th dean of the Larner College of Medicine, who began his tenure as dean of the college Monday. So he's already an expert in most things about the college and I urge you to detail policy discussions with him after this. But Richard Page, MD, joins us from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, where he served as the George R. Elaine Love Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine. A nationally recognized specialist in cardiac arrhythmias with interest in treatment of atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest, Dr. Page led a department committed to professionalism in the pursuit of patient-centered care, transformational research, and innovative educational programs. Dr. Page grew up in Stores, Connecticut, graduated from Duke University in 1980 with a bachelor of science degree in zoology and received his medical degree from Duke in 1984. He served as a Stanley J. Sarnoff fellow in the Department of Pharmacology at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons from 1982 to 1983. He completed a residency in medicine at Mass General followed by research and clinical fellowships in cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology at Duke University Medical Center in Durham. From 1990 to 1992 he served as assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Cardiology at Duke University Medical Center and then joined the faculty at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas as director of clinical cardiac electrophysiology. He rose there to be tenured professor of internal medicine and the Dallas Heart Ball Chair in Cardiac Arrhythmia Research. From 2002 to 2009 he served as the Robert A. Bruce Endowed Chair in Cardiovascular Research and head of the Division of Cardiology at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle where he also earned a certificate in medical management in 2007. In 2009 he assumed his chair position at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine in Public Health. Dr. Page has more than 200 publications, articles and book chapters and has served on numerous national committees. At his first of what is sure to be many amazing Larner College of Medicine milestones, I'm pleased to introduce to our community Dr. Richard L. Page, Dean of the Larner College of Medicine. Thank you so much Dr. Jeffries. What a beautiful day in New England. It reminds me of days growing up as a kid in Connecticut. I never dreamed I'd have the honor of serving as your Dean. To the class of 2022 congratulations on reaching this important milestone. Some of you discovered this career path later in life. While others of us announced that we were going to become a doctor at the age of two or so I was told no matter we all look forward to wearing our first white coat. You'll find that when you wear a white coat you feel different and you're treated differently. People respect doctors a lot and they trust us with their stories their bodies. They allow us to share their most private and personal moments wearing a white coat you'll also notice that even in the hospital cafeteria you may be afforded a level of respect that you've never before experienced. People assume you're a doctor already even though you have not yet earned that degree. Perhaps they know that you are a student but they're showing respect for what you've accomplished already and for the doctor you will become. I recall a World War II veteran, a man in his 50s who was one of my first patients. I was wearing my new white coat a little bit shorter and I was sent into his room to obtain a history and physical and put in an IV. The history and physical went okay. Putting in the IV was another matter and after 15 minutes as I looked at this arm not yet with an IV in place but with several puncture wounds and I'll never forget what this man said to me. He looked up at me and said don't worry doc you'll get it next time. Just think of the gift that he was giving me by allowing me to learn. If he thought I was a doctor when I walked in it was absolutely clear there was not a doctor in the room at that moment.  Now the white coat is a symbol of our profession and we must earn the right to wear it. In a few minutes I get to lead you in the oath of our profession my class took the Hippocratic Oath and this scroll signed by my dean is so far the only item that I've managed to hang up in my new office. These oaths remind me and should remind you of the covenant we enter into as we become physicians and when we put on this white coat. In fact I'm proud to tell you that I'm joining you. This is the first day I get to wear my Larner College of Medicine white coat.  This is my true north. Professionalism can be described as each of us exhibiting and promoting the finest characteristics of physician. Professionalism is demonstrated by altruism, accountability fairness, inclusion, and treating everyone with kindness and respect and compassion. If you keep these ideals of professionalism throughout your career you'll continue to earn the privilege of wearing the white coat. What's more you'll experience the great joy and blessings of becoming the best doctor you can be. Now none of us arrives at this point without the love and encouragement of others. I know that many family members and friends are in attendance today, and I ask now that the class of 2022 stand, turn, and face your friends who are here today and let's give them all a round of applause. Thank you. Now it's my pleasure to introduce Dr. John Bromstead, Executive Officer of UVM Medical Center, and President and CEO of the UVM Health Network. Of special note and pride Dr. Bromstead is a professor in our department of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive services. Please join me in welcoming Dr. Bromstead. Good afternoon everyone. It's truly an honor to be here with you, the class of 2022. I think that's the fourth time I've heard that and I still can't believe it, 2022. Wow. Your family members and friends, the faculty and staff of the University of Vermont Learner College of Medicine to celebrate this milestone in your medical careers. And it really is truly a special honor to be here at Dr. Page's first white coat ceremony as dean of the Learner College of Medicine. Welcome Dr. Page. We are truly privileged to have you all with us.  From the physicians, nurses, healthcare professionals you'll work with to the patients and families we serve. You're starting your careers at a time of great transition in the world of healthcare. Healthcare reform requires that we work together in a collaborative way creating integrated systems that improve patient care, reduce costs, and promote better health. We're doing that nationally as well as here in Vermont and the Adirondacks in the surrounding region. We're no longer just the University of Vermont Medical Center but now we're the University of Vermont Health Network. We're working to create an integrated healthcare delivery system serving our region by partnering with other healthcare organizations to provide care in a streamlined, accessible way so that patients receive the right care in the right place at the right time. And because of these efforts, you all are going to have more options to experience how care is delivered outside of the academic medical center and it's our hope and my hope that you'll take advantage of these great opportunities. Now more than ever, healthcare's team sport, it's more important today for physicians to work closely with other members of the healthcare team to understand that the greatest benefit to patients comes from the good work you contribute through the team and not solo actions. Despite this changing healthcare environment, there are many things that have not changed, most notably the core values of what it means to be a physician. The need to care for your patients and to remember that the patient is at the center of everything you do has not changed. The importance of listening and learning, of taking your time of laying on the hands and being respectful has not changed. And most importantly the responsibility that comes with being a physician has not changed. Practicing medicine is a great responsibility, but with that comes a great privilege. We're allowed into people's lives when they are most vulnerable, trusted with their secrets, their hopes, their deepest fears. This is something we should never forget. And this is back to the 1922. I've been a physician roughly twice as long as I have not, and I have not forgotten this trust. It guides my decision making every single day. Today, as you put on your white coats for the first time, you're taking on the responsibility of caring for patients but you're not entering into this in any way alone. You're moving from the classroom into a team-based world and we'll learn from those around you just as they're going to learn from you. Throughout your training, you'll also learn a great deal about yourself. So in closing, I'd really like to applaud you for your commitment to becoming a physician. I'd also like to thank you for choosing the University of Vermont and the University of Vermont Health Network as your training ground. I know that many if not most of you had options. You've chosen a career with great challenges and great rewards, a career that requires hard work, dedication, and sacrifice but that brings endless opportunities for learning, growth, and personal fulfillment. There's a lot to look forward to and I and my colleagues wish you all the best. Thank you for joining us. Welcome Dean Page and thank you Dr. Jeffries and Dr. Brumsted. So it's wonderful to see so many family, friends, fellow students, faculty, and staff here to support our students as they receive their white coats. As many of you are aware and as previously mentioned, this is an important milestone in their medical education. Members of the Class of 2022 as your Associate Dean for Students, it is an honor for me to celebrate this event with you. As a clinician I believe the white coat ceremony to be one of the most significant events in our medical training. The ceremony is an opportunity for members of the medical community to welcome you into the profession of medicine and for you as students to acknowledge and assume the identity and responsibilities of a physician. The practice of medicine is a privilege and requires us to demonstrate attributes such as integrity, altruism, empathy, and excellence to name a few. As physicians and physicians in training, we need to consistently demonstrate congruence between expressed values and behavior, clinical expertise, and a desire to relieve the suffering of others. We must have the capacity to put the needs and interests of others before our own, the ability to put ourselves in another individual's situation, giving beyond what is required and having a regard for the autonomy and values of another person. These are the attributes of a humanistic doctor. The white coat ceremony is the right of passage that has been expanded to include the entire healthcare team, acknowledging the importance of compassionate care among all health professionals. In fact, the University of Vermont Nursing Students will receive their white coat here in Ira Allen Chapel in a few hours. Here at the Larner College of Medicine, the Vermont integrated curriculum is also designed to continuously develop collaboration and teamwork and essential component of optimal healthcare. In addition to sponsoring the white coat ceremony, the Arnold P. Gold Foundation sponsors the Leonard Howe Humanism and Medicine Faculty Award, presented annually to a Larner College of Medicine faculty member who best demonstrates the foundation's ideals of understanding compassion in the delivery of care, respect for patients, their families and healthcare colleagues and clinical excellence. We feel that an individual with these attributes is an excellent role model for students entering the profession, and so it has become our tradition to have the winner of this award be the keynote speaker at this event. It is my pleasure to introduce the Larner College of Medicine Dr. Ann Doherty as our guest speaker for today's ceremony. Dr. Doherty is an obstetrician and gynecologist at the University of Vermont Medical Center and an assistant professor and alumna of the Larner College of Medicine. Taking a holistic approach, Dr. Doherty treats the whole patient. She makes decisions in partnership with her patients and takes lifestyle, social activities, and surroundings into consideration, all of which can contribute to the patient's overall health. Dr. Doherty works closely with her patients to develop a specific care plan that is tailored to each patient's need. I would like to share a few quotes from the student nominations and faculty nominations for this award. Time and time again I saw patients connect with her and experience relief because they were being listened to and treated with compassion. In Tanzania she continued to seamlessly balance acting as both teacher and compassionate caregiver. I saw her improvise and adapt under incredibly stressful conditions all while maintaining professional composure. She exemplifies the kind of compassionate and respectful care and mentorship that patients hope to someday emulate. It is evident that Dr. Doherty demonstrates the attributes we value in physicians making her a wonderful role model and mentor for you, our future doctors. Please join me in welcoming Dr. Ann Doherty to the podium. Thank you, Dr. Zele. And good afternoon, class of 2022. What a great honor it is for me to speak with you on this most important day of your medical careers. Today I want to tell you a story about a girl named Gladness. I met Gladness when she was 8 years old. I was between my first and second year in medical school and I had finagled my way into spending the summer working in a primary care clinic in rural western Uganda. Gladness had epilepsy but was not well controlled partly because anti-epileptic drugs were not available and they were also quite expensive. And this time she had a seizure and she fell hands first into the cooking fire. She had second and third degree burns over both her palms and her forearms. I saw her with a doctor and he prescribed proper wound care with wet to dry dressings and then debridement and then he scurried off to take care of the long line of patients waiting outside his office leaving me to tend to Gladness. She was a beautiful girl with captivating dark eyes that followed me as I prepared a sterile field. She winced only a little bit when the debridement got to the edge of viable tissue. I witnessed her bravery as I cleaned her wounds. We had no shared language only hand gestures and the raising of eyebrows which means yes or I agree in East African body language. Though in the US a patient like Gladness might be discharged home with nursing visits for wound changes or wound dressing changes the healthcare system in Uganda had no such provision so Gladness stayed at the hospital. For the next three weeks I advocated for her care taking time to unbandage, to clean and rebandage Gladness's hands up to three times a day. She lost her pinky on the right hand but her other fingers fared well. Infection was kept at bay. The clinic doctor told me that it was possible that she could go to a larger facility for a skin graft but this would be expensive and it would be a great distance from her home so it might not happen. We watched for contractures as the wounds healed so that her hands would remain functional. The long term consequences were unimaginable to me. I could not comprehend what life would be like for this girl if she lost function of her hands living in rural Uganda. But it was August and I got to come back to Vermont and continue with my medical school career. But this changed me. This one young girl living in Uganda this series of interactions over a short period of weeks reshaped my path in medicine. It sparked in me an intense desire to work with underserved populations and to learn more about cross-cultural medicine and communication. And over the next several years I returned frequently to East Africa, to Tanzania and Uganda primarily and developed lasting relationships with non-profit groups, hospitals and medical schools. At one point I went back to Uganda to work on resident education and faculty development at the largest medical school in the country. And one day I was invited to join a journal club with the Ugandan OBGYN residents. They selected a paper to review but it was 10 years out of date and it compared two gynecologic procedures, one of which is rarely done these days. But these residents attacked the paper. They dissected the methodology and the results as no other resident group I have ever seen. They were hungry for the work. I was curious though how did they select this paper and why not something more recent. Through this exchange I realized that the privilege we have to go to Dana Medical Library and pull any paper we want off the internet or get it through interlibrary loan did not exist in Uganda. Those residents were hungry for the latest papers but could not access them because of the country in which they were born. Additionally they were paying by the megabyte for the internet and though we're only part of the way there with assistance from my Ugandan partners and the Freymoyer Fund for Medical Education, we were able to improve the Ugandan department by setting up an internet cafe with computers and Wi-Fi for the students, residents, and faculty. Still they would have difficulty accessing papers but at least internet availability was not the main hurdle and now they had a communal space in which to study and discuss clinical issues. In the beginning I had a picture of myself as a global health physician working in the trenches in far flung places performing procedures with substandard equipment and saving the day. A global health mentor of mine however dissuaded me of this and he said if you're working in the trenches you're doing that for yourself. If you want to make real change look at the systems look at the culture of medicine and teach. This is true not just in global health but in medicine in general. Six years ago on a white board in my office next to a photograph of gladness I wrote the words witness, advocate exchange, and improve. These are my pillars of global health. This is my mantra and as I think about it this is not just for global health this is for the broad practice of medicine. Be a witness to your patients. Use your critical eye. Let them teach you and let them change you. Through each patient understand the medical system at work. Witness where it functions well and just the same witness where it falls short. And don't be afraid to critically evaluate the system as you move through as trainees. Your vantage point is important. Advocate for change with the patient in front of you. Advocate for them to change their lifestyle to stop smoking to lose weight. But also advocate for justice in your practice in your hospital system and in your community. Advocate for women and underrepresented minorities to have equality within the practice of medicine. Exchange information and ideas. This is critically important. Talk to patients about the challenges they encounter in their lives. Ask the questions do not assume. Discuss challenges in the practice of medicine with colleagues. I am convinced that in that exchange lies the solution. Improve the quality of medical care as well as the medical system itself. Participate in quality improvement projects as medical students, residents and beyond. Use your creative skills to pioneer that innovative way to assist new Americans or non-English speaking patients through cancer diagnosis and treatment for instance. You are at the beginning of a truly transformative journey.  And though it's not your job to save the world, I implore you to witness, advocate, exchange and improve and you might just change the world a little bit. Thank you and good luck to you all. Thank you Dr. Doherty for those inspiring words. Students, in just a few moments you will take to the stage to receive your white coats. So let me just take a minute to provide you with some additional information about the white coats and its contents. As you have heard the white coat itself symbolizes a standard of professionalism caring and trust that must be earned from our patients. It is a personally delivered gift of faith, confidence and compassion. On the left collar of your coat is a humanism in medicine lapel pin supplied by the Arnold P. Gold Foundation. This pin is placed on your coat to remind you of the importance of fostering a culture of respect, dignity and compassion for your patients and the professionals that you will work with. In your left pocket you will find a copy of the oath used by the Larner College of Medicine. This oath is adopted from the oath of lasagna that is its actual name. Written by Louis Lasagna in 1964. Louis Lasagna was an American physician and professor of medicine who wrote a modernized version of the Hippocratic Oath which emphasized a holistic and compassionate approach to medicine and is used by many medical colleges today. And finally in your right pocket you will find a card with a personal message from an alumni of the Larner College of Medicine. As an alum I truly value the medical education and the mentoring I received here and we really hope that you are inspired by the words of your alumni mentor and reach out to them to develop a relationship that will provide you with support and guidance throughout your medical career. We're thankful for the Office of Alumni Development for spearheading this project and we really appreciate all the alumni who have reached out to support our students.  So remember even now just take a nice slow breath in as you learn this morning and a longer breath out. And as you're sitting on the side about to embark across the stage do the same thing again. So now I would like to invite Dr. Bill Jeffries Senior Associate Dean for Medical Education to the podium. Dean Jeffries will be reading the names of the members of the class of 2022 along with their hometown and academic degree and Dr. Tanya Birch Associate Dean for Clinical Education will join me in cloaking students with their white coat when their name is read. I would also like to invite Dean to stand joined by Dr. Brumsted and Dr. Doherty to be the first to welcome you to the profession after receiving your white coats today so don't forget to pause and shake their hands before you exit the stage. And finally I invite you members of the class of 2022 to come to the stage and receive your white coat when your name is read. Thank you also to our Larner College of Medicine Student Ambassadors assisting us with today's ceremony especially Jordy Lanza and Lee Student Ambassadors from the graduating class of 2019 for providing on-stage support during the cloaking. Okay so I'm back. One last announcement here. I'm going to say each student's name and then you are going to want to applaud right away. But I have more interesting things to say about them. So I'd ask you to hold the applause until the end of their introduction and then you can go crazy. And we'll see. This is exactly how it's going to work at graduation too. So we're training you now for that time. Our first student Millen Elizabeth Absalab. She's from Alexandria, Virginia and has a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in Sociology and English. We're working on this. We'll have this down by the end. Sameer Aladina is from Tampa, Florida and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Florida in nutrition. Amelia Anderson is from Geneva, Illinois and has a bachelor's degree from Indiana University Bloomington in Neuroscience Biology and in Spanish. Michael Stephen Barnum is from Virginia Beach, Virginia and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Microbiology. Elizabeth Baumgartner is from Manchester, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Wesleyan University in Science in Society and Neuroscience and Behavior. Isadora R. Beach is from Franklin, Tennessee and has bachelor's degrees from the University of Tennessee Knoxville in Honors Philosophy of Science and Medicine and Hispanic Studies. Abigail Belzer is from Lancaster, Pennsylvania and has a bachelor's degree from Middlebury College in Neuroscience. Adrian Nicholas Berg is from Sudbury, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Bucknell University in Biochemistry and Cell Biology. Lauren Bajukas is from North and over Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Middlebury College in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Economics. Megan Elizabeth Boyer is from Manchester, Connecticut and has bachelor's degrees from the University of Connecticut in Molecular and Cell Physiology and in Psychology. Richard Joseph Brock is from Melrose, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Middlebury College in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and German. Alexander Brown is from Ann Arbor, Michigan and has a bachelor's degree from Middlebury College in Economics. Sarah K. Brennan is from South Burlington, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Art History. Christian Brooks is from Nutley, New Jersey and has a bachelor's degree from the College of the Holy Cross in Chemistry. Jose Calderon is from Houston, Texas and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California in Psychology. Maggie E. Carey is from Carlsbad, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Studies. Kelly J. Chan is from Singapore and has a bachelor's degree from Claremont McKenna College in Literature and Psychology. Deena Chanowitz is from New York, New York and has a bachelor's degree from City University of New York Hunter College in Biology. Sally G. Clark is from Williston, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland College Park in Music. Patrick Daniel Clark is from Brookfield, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Connecticut in Biology. Julia L. Clemens is from Baltimore, Maryland and has a bachelor's degree from Wesleyan University in French Studies and Biology. Marlena Clasina Cook is from Sarenac Lake, New York and has a bachelor's degree from the University of New Hampshire Durham and a master's degree from the University of Colorado Denver and Schultz Medical Campus in Mathematics. Olivia R. Cooper is from Cape Elizabeth, Maine and has a bachelor's degree from Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College and Human Physiology. Delaney M. Curran is from Schohegen, Maine and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Biology. Noreen Ali Damji is from Simi Valley, California and has degrees from Moorpark College and the University of California Berkeley in Public Health. Isaac Araya de Lebrière is from Colchester, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Biology. Nicole K. Delgado is from the Woodlands, Texas and has a bachelor's degree from the University of California Santa Barbara in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Matthew J. Dyer is from Brandon, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from St. Lawrence University in Biology. Emily Maya Akin is from Colchester, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Biology. Gia Rose Epen is from Groton, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from Northwestern University, Evanston in Cognitive Science. Alom A. Simonele is from Ankara, Turkey and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Florida in Psychology Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience and Biology. Adam Fakri is from Beirut, Lebanon and has a bachelor's degree from Georgia State University in Neuroscience. Sheridan M. Finney is from Wilton, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Rochester and a master's degree from Yale University School of Public Health in Brain and Cognitive Sciences. Rosie Friedman is from San Francisco, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Animal Science. Madeline L. Fritz is from Minneapolis, Minnesota and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Colorado at Boulder in Psychology. Aram Garwal is from Hawthorne, New Jersey and has a bachelor's degree from the College of the Holy Cross in Biology. Francesca Garafalo is from Norwalk, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from Columbia University in the City of New York in Biology. Caroline M. Gerasi is from Cannon New York and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Rochester and a master's degree from Boston University in Neuroscience. Katherine Joan Gehrig is from Brookfield, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Connecticut in Biomedical Engineering. Lauren Gernan is from Topeka, Kansas and has a bachelor's degree from Rice University and a master's degree from the University of California Berkeley in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Jeremy Rainville Greenberg is from Manchester, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Colgate University in Biology. Kaelin Gregory Davis is from Meridan, New Hampshire and has a bachelor's degree from Barnard College in Anthropology. Elizabeth Hannah Hahn is from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Puget Sound in Biochemistry. Emma Victoria Hall is from Harvard, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from University in Neuroscience and Behavior and Biology. Kelly Aaron Harmon is from Cheshire, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont and a master's degree from Boston University in Biochemistry. Rachel Harrison is from Chapel Hill, North Carolina and has a bachelor's degree from Boston College in Psychology. Alyssa Ann Heiser is from Bristol, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the College of the Holy Cross in Biology. Luke Michael Higgins is from Niles, Michigan and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan Ann Arbor in Biomolecular Science. Matthew Charles Hill is from Medway, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Hamilton College in Psychology. William Holden is from Cleveland, Ohio and has a bachelor's degree from Haberford College in Psychology. Seneca D. Hudson is from Chicago, Illinois and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Rochester in Neuroscience. Eugerta is Trefi, is from Glastonbury, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Connecticut in Molecular and Cell Biology. Benjamin D. Kagan is from Essex, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Chemistry. Luke Kate Keefe is from San Francisco, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California in Neuroscience. Diane Kim is from San Jose, California and has a bachelor's degree from Williams College in Biology. Prasanna Kumar is from Atlanta Georgia and has a bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill in Economics and Psychology. Alexandra Elizabeth Kuzma is from Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania and has a bachelor's degree from Middlebury College in Neuroscience. Sylvia Michelle Lane is from Southwick, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Psychology and Biology. Kyle William Lennard is from Rochester Hills, Michigan and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Alabama in Chemical Engineering. Emma Carolyn Levine is from Lexington Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Lake Forest College in Neuroscience and French. Tiara Victoria Lynch is from Taos, New Mexico and has a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in Philosophy. Eric Shane McClain is from Shelburne, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Bates College in Biology. Rachel Modder is from Westford, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Massachusetts Lowell in Public Health. Ray Mack is from Lafayette, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of California Irvine in Biological Sciences. Taylor D. Marquis is from Swanton, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in Human Developmental and Regenerative Biology. Elena Martel is from Morristown, New Jersey and has a bachelor's degree from Boston College and a master's degree from Boston University in Psychology. Rose M. Martin is from Glassenbury, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from Southern Connecticut State University in Communication. Cheyenne McGee is from Wenham, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Cornell University and a master's degree from Tufts University in Music. Colby McGinn is from Brattleboro and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Mathematics. Michael Michelle Mikhail is from Los Angeles, California. Has a bachelor's degree from the University of California Irvine in Public Health Science. Allison Miller is from Buffalo, New York and has a bachelor's degree from Cornell University in American Studies. Leah E. Miller is from Barry, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Boston University in Neuroscience. Colin Boynton Montgomery is from Lynchburg, Virginia and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Virginia in Global Public Health. Adessa Marie Yeager-Morano is from Burlington, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree and a master's degree from Sarah Lawrence College and a master of Education degree from Boston University. Adam Morehead is from Burlington, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Yale University in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology. Patrick Michael Mouty is from Bremerton, Washington and has bachelor's degrees from the University of Washington in Biology, Physiology and Mathematics. Francis T. M2K is from Plano, Texas and has a bachelor's degree from Texas A&M University in Biomedical Science. Carly Mulligan is from Wallingford, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from Duke University in Biology. Michelle A. Oberding is from Shelburne, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from St. Michael's College in Biochemistry. Collins O. Guajifor is from Sugarland, Texas and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Texas at Austin in Mathematics. Kathleen Rose O'Hara is from Simsbury, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the College of the Holy Cross in Foreign Language and Psychology. John Patrick O'Keefe is from Greenland, New Hampshire and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Biochemistry. Ambrose Robbins Orr is from Burlington, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Medical Technology. Melanie Parzyal is from Sharon, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Wesleyan University in Molecular Psychology and Biochemistry and Theater. Caitlin Pepper is from Burnt Hills, New York and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Biological Sciences. Ashley N. Peterson is from St. Albans, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Northeastern University in Mechanical Engineering. Alexa Keller Pius is from Essex, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Tufts University in Biopsychology. Megan E. Pru is from Derby, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of New England, Bideford in Biochemistry and Applied Mathematics. Olivia Elizabeth Quattella is from Rochester, New York and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Rochester in Microbiology. Anna Grace Quinlan is from Arvada, Colorado and has a bachelor's degree from Carleton College in Biology. Samuel A. Rasker is from Charlotte, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Biological Sciences. Cara Rathmel is from Boston, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from the United States Naval Academy in Mathematics. Adam Douglas Jackson Ross is from Pasadena, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of San Francisco in Honors Biology. Claudia Elise Russell is from Franklin Park, New Jersey and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in Psychology. Mahaneha Salim is from Fort Worth, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Connecticut in Molecular Biology. Myrna Cristina Sanchez is from Malone, New York and has a bachelor's degree from Colorado State University in Psychology. Lauren Schlossel is from Los Angeles, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of California Berkeley in Molecular Environmental Biology. Anya Siricureja is from Bangkok, Thailand and has a bachelor's degree from Emory University in Biology. Amy Virginia Steadman is from Kennebunkport, Maine and has a bachelor's degree from Northeastern University in Psychology. Emily Rose Straley is from Richfield, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from McGill University in Anatomy and Cell Biology. Kayla J. Sturtivant is from Essex Junction, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Pratt Institute in Fine Arts. Irene Su is from Brooklyn, New York and Taipei, Taiwan and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Vermont in Neuroscience. Michael Ibrahim Tabot is from Colchester, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from McGill University in Physiology. Joseph M. Teague is from Reading, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Boston University in Economics. Zane up Tech is from Woodbridge, Connecticut and has a bachelor's degree from Barnard College in Neuroscience. Rachel E. Tobin is from Los Angeles, California and has a bachelor's degree from Yale University in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Fong Tran is from Walton, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from Brandeis University in Biology. Angela Rosa Troia is from Harrison, New York and has a bachelor's degree from State University of New York at Binghamton in Biochemistry. Nicole J. Turgeon is from Warwick Road Island and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Rhode Island in Medical Laboratory Science. Peter Twining is from Princeton, New Jersey and has a bachelor's degree from Connecticut College in ACS Chemistry slash Biochemistry. Allison Zen is from Concord, California and has a bachelor's degree from the University of California Davis in Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and Comparative Literature. Christina June Valentine is from Burlington, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from McGill University and a master's of Humanities degree and a master's of Science degree from the University of Vermont. Muhammad A. Wally is from Ben Sale in Pennsylvania and has a bachelor's degree from Drexel University and master's degree from Drexel University in Biomedical Engineering. Jacob Oakey Weiss is from Bethesda, Maryland and has a bachelor's degree from Colorado College in Sustainable Design for the Developing World. Jenna Brea Wells is from Morrisville, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from State University of New York at Stony Brook in Health Science. Nicole Lynn Warshawin is from Whittingham, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Castleton University in Biology. Emerson Wheeler is from Walpole, Massachusetts and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Kinesiology. Faith Evelina Wilson is from East Charleston, Vermont and has a bachelor's degree from Tufts University in Chemical Engineering. Hakim Yusef is from Dicks Hills, New York and has a bachelor's degree from State University of New York at Stony Brook in Pharmacology. Honored guests, this is the class of 2022! And now, to make this ceremony complete, I would like to invite Dr. Page to return to the podium and lead our students and any physicians present in reciting the oath. Thank you Dr. Jeffries. And congratulations to our students. We're going to conclude today with recitation of the oath to mark this milestone for our students as they embark in their careers. I invite the students now to stand and any other physicians who would like to reaffirm their commitment to stand and join us. And we'll say this together. Okay? Everybody ready? I swear to the best of my ability this covenant. I will respect the scientific gains of those physicians and scientists in whose step I will walk and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow. I will remember that there is both art and science to medicine. I will pursue the expansion of my knowledge throughout my life for the benefit of my patients. I will practice medicine with conscience and dignity. I will respect the privacy of my patients and not judge them. I will prevent disease whenever I can for prevention is preferable to cure. Most especially I will tread with care in matters of life and death. If it be merely within my abilities to help ease suffering at the end of a life, may I face this awesome responsibility with humility and awareness of my own frailty. I vow always to act to preserve the finest traditions of my calling. And may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help. Congratulations again to the students. And may I say, you look great in white. I want to thank the family and friends who have joined us today in celebrating this important day. It's really a privilege for me on my fifth day as your dean to share today's milestone with you. I look forward to sharing many more of them in the years ahead. We will take a class photo, so after the recessional I'll ask the students to go directly to the front steps of the Billings Library and for family and friends to await for the students to exit the side doors. We welcome everyone to join us for a reception at the Grand Maple Ballroom in the Davis Center a short walk or shuttle trip across this campus. Thank you so much for joining us today and again congratulations the class of 2022.


Friends, welcome back to my channel and welcome back to another WW low carb recipe. Tonight's dinner was so good.  It was absolutely delicious. So I can't wait to share my low carb, Philly cheesesteak bowl with you.  For tonight's low carb recipe, we are going to be making a Philly cheesesteak bowl. So we're omitting the bun, but we are keeping all of the flavor. So let me show you what is in tonight's dinner. And by the way, you guys, I'm really excited about this. So you're going to need some oil. I'm gonna be doing avocado oil, Worcestershire sauce, salt and pepper, beef broth, lean hamburger extra lean. This is 92 eight, Laura's lean beef. Bell peppers of your choice. I'm gonna do all three colors and three peppers total because we love peppers. You'll also need some mushrooms, a couple of onions, and you can either use a slice of provolone cheese or save the points and use some of the Trader Joe's organic shredded mozzarella. My husband will do the slices, I'll do the mozzarella. So let's get started on tonight's dinner. So the first thing we need to do is chop, chop, chop. So I'm gonna go ahead, chop these into slices, chop these into slices. We're just gonna put them here in a bowl. Both of these combined because everything gets cooked at once. So let's get these veggies chops. First thing we're gonna do is cook down our ground beef. We'll drain any excess fat and then we'll add in our Worcestershire, our beef broth, and then some salt and pepper. While your hamburger is starting to brown, go ahead and add one teaspoon of oil to another pan. Get a pretty good size or deep pan because we are actually gonna cook down all of our vegetables, our mushrooms, our peppers, our onions, so it is going to really fill up this pan. Luckily they'll cook down and really decrease in size, but make sure you're getting quite a large pan. So we're gonna allow these to cook down a little bit in that oil and then we'll add a little salt and pepper to these as well. My hamburger is just about done. I did go ahead and salt and pepper it. And my veggies, I salt and peppered them as well. They're coming along pretty darn good. I'll just allow them to continue to cook while we finish up what goes into our burger. So the grease is drained and now we're going to add our beef broth. The recipe calls for about a half of a cup and then we're also going to add in our Worcestershire sauce. I am just gonna wing it. As you know, I usually don't measure this type of thing, but I'm gonna go ahead and add in some of that. And then we're just gonna allow this to cook down a little bit longer. So we're gonna let our hamburger cook down until it's absorbed all of the liquid or the majority. I went ahead and added the rest of that can of beef broth here to my veggies rather than wasting it. And I'm just going to let them soak up a little bit of that flavor and then I'll empty the broth and let them kind of crisp up while the hamburger is continuing to cook through. All right, our hamburger is done. 90% of the liquid has been absorbed. I went ahead and emptied out the rest of the beef broth and then these got a nice kind of crisp on them. So let's put together these Philly cheesesteak bowls. So I have one fourth of the ground hamburger. The recipe makes four servings. And then I'm going to add in my vegetables. Now, since the veggies are free, I'm gonna go ahead and load up my bowl with a lot of the peppers, mushrooms and onions. And then the last step is we're just gonna add one ounce of the Trader Joe's mozzarella cheese. So the last step is one ounce of the Trader Joe's cheese. We're just gonna put that on top and we have a Philly cheesesteak bowl. So I'm gonna pop this in the microwave, let this cheese melt. I'll be back to show you our completed dinner and give you the smart points. So here is our completed dinner. So I went ahead and melted my mozzarella cheese. It is hot, so I have it on a towel. So this is going to be dinner. So one fourth of the recipe, this includes the cheese, is only five smart points. So this low carb Philly cheesesteak bowl is five smart points. Thank you for joining me on another episode of my WW Low Carb series. You guys are loving this series, I'm loving this series. This recipe was so good, you would never know that it was low carb. It was that absolutely delicious. So if you enjoyed this video, make sure you thumbs up. If you're new, hit the subscribe button and that little bell, that way you're notified every time I upload, you don't wanna miss a single video. The recipe is down in the description box, along with all of my discount codes that I can give to you guys, and all the goodness, happy mail, all of that fun stuff down in the description box. Thank you guys so much for watching. Again, I'll see you in my next video, bye.


Hello everybody and welcome to Human Humane Architecture here on Think Tech Hawaii. I am this show's host for today at least. I'm DeSoto Brown. I'm the Bishop Museum Historian here in Honolulu. And today we're doing something a little different. This is a Dokomomo Hawaii show in that I'm talking about the mid-century architecture of the 20th century. Let me specify that Dokomomo is an international organization that works to preserve that architectural heritage from the mid-20th century. And we're going to talk today about low-income housing. Government subsidized low-income housing and its early history here in the city of Honolulu. So let's go to the first slide. And here we see the dedication of one of those early programs or projects let's say mayor right housing which is in the downtown of Honolulu area. And here is a plaque which was dedicated on January 16th 1953 naming this mayor right housing who was mayor right. He had been the mayor of Honolulu in the 1930s and had been a big advocate for government supported low-income housing and that is his widow who is standing on the right side to be present at the culmination of something that he had worked towards before his untimely death. Next slide. So why low-income housing? What was the need for it? How did the whole idea become something that came into existence? Well, Honolulu for many years and of course as with every other city everywhere had a lot of extremely substandard dangerous and unhealthy housing like you see in these two photographs here which were taken in 1912 in downtown Honolulu. What is the problem? Well, the problem is that first of all all of these structures are wood which means they're flammable. Second, there are a great many people crammed into these structures without a lot of space. Third, there are inadequate facilities for these people to cook and there are no sanitation facilities pretty much because they are probably still using outhouses and not only is that unhealthy for them, it's unhealthy for the groundwater and everything else. So there were people who were very reform minded even in those early years starting in the 1890s and this was something that spread throughout the United States at that time particularly wealthy people were looking around saying if we're lucky enough to have wealth we need to do something to assist others who don't have it and so there were magnanimous and more generous well-to-do people who started the first efforts towards this and while they did not provide substantial amounts of new housing they did create something here in Honolulu which is called Palama Settlement which is a social organization that worked to provide better living conditions and a lot of different assistance for people who were poor. Next slide. So here's the result of that type of substandard housing and what might happen. This is a photograph taken from Punchbowl in January of 1900 of what was called the Great Chinatown Fire and a lot of those substandard wooden buildings which were all close together were burning and you can see this is a huge fire. This was not an accidental fire this was a fire that had been started intentionally by the local government to attempt to wipe out Bubonic Plague which was then happening in this part of town and the way that they did it in those days was to just burn buildings down but in what were intended to be controlled burns that were kept under control that obviously didn't work here this got out of control. Next slide. And here's the result hundreds of displaced people who suddenly lost everything including their homes and in the picture on the left you can see those displaced people shuffling along King Street to get away from the fire but standing in front of them closer to us where the camera is are men who are guarding them or keeping them under control and you'll see that the man standing on the left is leaning on a bat and that was because there were fears that these people might get out of control so that they were to physically be restrained if necessary but also they were suspicious because they might be carrying Bubonic Plague. Well all of those people ended up in a variety of places but one of them was what we would now call a homeless encampment on the grounds of Kauaiahao church and that's what you see in the picture on the right because there was no government assistance at that time for people to be housed in any large numbers. Next slide. Pardon me. Now today we are accustomed to the idea of homeless encampments but for much of the 20th century there were no such things and that's another whole subject because of different attitudes and different legal requirements of those times but there was for many years in Honolulu what was called Squattersville and these are photographs of that area called Squattersville which was primarily where Alamoana Park is now located. Now Squattersville had been was also the main city dump so that's the picture that you see on the right that's junk that's been dumped there that's being burned to try to get rid of it and in the upper picture there is one of what was called the Squatter Shack because again there was no government assistance at that time for people to be housed it was just either they did it on their own or there might be some kind of charitable organization that would help but the government didn't do it well that was about to change. Next photograph. This all changed in the 1930s with the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and that is President Roosevelt giving a speech in July of 1934 on the second floor of Yolani Palace in Honolulu when he visited and President Roosevelt because of the severe effects of the Great Depression kicked the United States government into a totally different mode in which he provided and worked to provide a great deal of government assistance in a number of different ways and one of those was something called the Federal Housing Authority which is called the FHA and the 1940 license plate that you see from Hawaii is a plate that was issued to one of the members of the Federal Housing Administration who was stationed here. Well even before the FHA came into existence in 1937 to assist in constructing government supported housing there was the Hawaii Housing Authority which was begun in 1935 and the HHA primarily worked with government funding that came through branches like the FHA to build housing here and now let's get started on looking at what some of that housing was. Next slide. So here is the first of the initial government housing projects here in Honolulu this is Kamehameha Homes it was purchased the property was acquired by the government in 1938 construction began in 1939 and it was completed and people moved in in 1940. This is located on the Makai side of King Street in Kalihi across the street from Farrington High School and that's where this photograph was taken and Farrington High School was newly built at that time as well and as you can see it is a bunch of low rise buildings there are two stories they're one and two stories and they all have a distinctive look to them. This was possible it was possible to achieve this project quickly because there had been just a single landowner which had been the Bishop of State Kamehameha Schools as it's called today this having been the grounds initially of the Kamehameha School for Girls which by that time had moved to the present Kamehameha Schools campus and Kamehameha or our Bishop of State I should say didn't want to voluntarily sell the land so it went through a process called eminent domain or condemnation in which the territorial government of the territory of Hawaii we not being a state yet said you are going to sell this property to us and the only option you have is to negotiate what the price is going to be well the price ended up being about three hundred thousand dollars next photograph and here's what those units look like the ground floors were made of reinforced concrete and the second stories were wood and these are really attractive buildings they're not massive but as we're going to see as we continue the accommodations were really quite nice even by standards today in terms of roominess and what the buildings look like all of these buildings have been replaced but there still is low income housing on this same site and while the buildings are completely different they do retain a similar look to this in that they have the same in that they have the same pardon me um red tile roofs as they had at that time let's go to the next picture and here's a photograph taken in June of 1940 of the delivery of 222 Coleman brand gas water heaters to the Kamehameha housing or Kamehameha homes and this is important because many of the people who are going to move into these homes had not had hot water they had had just cold water in the very substandard living arrangements that they had so this was a big step up for them to have a level of convenience and comfort as would be provided by water heaters which is something we consider to be absolutely essential today but which at the time for many of these people was going to be a luxury next image so here's our second completed housing development or low-income housing development here in Honolulu this is the these are the Kalakawa homes and like the previous development it was easier to get this one started because there was only one landowner and so there was the condemnation process went a lot quicker these this was located on Kalakawa Avenue just below King Street so the site doesn't exist doesn't go all the way up to the corner of King Street in Kalakawa but it is further down on Kalakawa heading towards Waikiki and as you can see there are multiple individual buildings as you saw before this was completed this got started in 1940 through 41 but it wasn't completed until March of 1942 after World War II had started so even though it was supposed to be for low-income residents it actually housed a group of people initially who had been displaced by the effects of the war which began on December 7th 1941 and people had had to be evacuated from certain areas and they were placed here as an emergency measure now just as with the previous site the Kamehameha homes Kalakawa homes have all been demolished this is no longer standing it is however still a low-income area but I believe it's mostly for low-income seniors specifically and it now consists of a group of disparate or different high rises so all of these low-rise buildings are gone even though the site is still for low-income people today next photograph now what was supposed to have been the second completed project but which actually did not become did become the third completed project was located at this site and this is Mayor Wright housing these two photographs were taken in 1940 and they show King Street at the corner of Liliha Street so the lower picture shows King Street on the left and Liliha Street on the right and as you can see again as I mentioned earlier lots of poor condition wooden buildings very close together there are commercial buildings as well as residential buildings behind the ones that are facing onto the street they are not sanitary and they are not desirable the intention was for this to get started and be constructed before Kalakawa homes and they got started in 1940 but there were so many small individual landowners that the land acquisition process through condemnation took a lot longer than was expected and then World War two began at the end of 1941 and that meant that all building materials were now very difficult or almost impossible to get so this process this entire process came to a halt and even though the condemnation of the property did continue and demolition continued nothing happened again until finally in 1950 so that was quite a few years later next photograph so here is the type of housing that was located on that Mayor Wright housing site which was being demolished again as I emphasize two-story wooden buildings very small quarters into which lots of people had to be forced so families of maybe five or six people were living in just maybe two rooms there's not enough sanitation there's not and also in many of these places the cooking facilities and the bathroom facilities were shared by multiple tenants so that is also something that's undesirable next photograph and finally in 1952 the construction started on the site and that's what we see here this is Liliha Street in the foreground looking down towards King Street in the distance and interestingly the wooden building that you can see on King Street on this side of the street is still standing today which is amazing because almost all the rest of those are gone but in any case here's the start of Mayor Wright housing and next photograph is what we ended up with so there was multiple buildings I think there are about 40 buildings here they're all two stories they are all made of reinforced concrete so they are not flammable the interiors of course have flammable materials so there can be fires but the buildings in their entirety cannot burn down there's all new infrastructure here so there's all new electricity all new sanitation all new water all of the utilities are underground there are new streets there is all of the buildings are widely separated there is landscaping there was a really strong effort to make this a very desirable place to live it's certainly better than what had been there before next slide and here's what those buildings look like and as you can see I just said there were two stories that some of them actually are three stories many of these apartment units had anywhere from one to five bedrooms so a five bedroom unit is pretty darn big you'll see that this is very typical architecture of the time period of the 1950s there are these projecting sort of eyebrows or structures that stick out which are there for shading as well as protection from rainfall but they're also partly decorative you'll notice that the railings of the exterior stairways are very simply constructed they're just steel pipes with chain link fence attached to them next photograph and this extended even into the insides of the units which I think is interesting and this is probably something which would be considered dangerous today so probably would not be included inside you can see that while the exterior walls were poured in place reinforced concrete the interior walls were cement block or hollow tile at is as it is sometimes still called this does look quite institutional you can see the poured in place steps look like for example the school building or an office building like a government office building but it's actually intended to be long term long lasting and robust so that it will stand up for a goodly amount of time next slide here's a living room in mayor right housing and what I find interesting is that it is quite lit it's quite large it's comfortably large by our standards today it has linoleum tile on the floor you can see that the walls again are the hollow tile or concrete block but what I find particularly interesting is that the furniture in this living room the dinette set which is the chrome metal the chrome plated metal and the retan or in this case retan yeah this is retan furniture this is the type of furniture everybody had this is not cheap furniture only poor people had everybody had this furniture at the time so this is actually very comfortable and very much like what everybody else had in their homes even wealthy people at the time next photograph here's the kitchen in mayor right housing and again it is very ample size by our standards today it has a new refrigerator it has a new stove it has a new water heater and it has a very ample counter space for the two sink fixture for washing dishes so again by our standards today this is pretty darn nice now this photograph was taken obviously right at when the when the whole place opened 1953-54 all of this nice material is not going to have lasted long with ample use by a lot of different people and of course people would be moving in and out so what you would encounter there today would certainly not be as sparkling and as attractive as this nonetheless again if you had moved out of a very ramshackle wooden structure into this in 1953 you would have considered yourself very lucky and very comfortable next image now we're going to go to another development which followed mayor right housing and this is Kalihi valley homes now Kalihi valley in the early 1950s when this was constructed was very different from today in that there was no leaky leaky highway and there was no wilson tunnels therefore you only drove into the valley if you lived there and the valley was still in large part agricultural so you see this photograph which is taken on the site of what was going to become the Kalihi valley homes there's a cow on the right a white cow with black spots so it's still agricultural undeveloped and while there are a lot of residents there and residential houses there are farm buildings as well well all of that was going to be replaced in this particular area next photograph and here are the Kalihi valley homes under construction in 1953 or 54 they are again reinforced concrete poured in place structures that means that they are very robust and very strong they will not burn down completely etc and they were built this way again to make them long lasting and stable and something that would put up with a lot of wear and tear and would be in place for a long time and we're looking in this photograph towards the back of Kalihi valley next photograph so here's the completed structure these are the completed structures there were I believe 40 to 50 of these types of buildings which we'll see more of later again these are very typical in their appearance to 1950s style architecture but they don't look institutional particularly they actually look quite attractive everybody has a front door everybody has a recessed facade so there's a little bit of protected space at the front where you could probably put a chair if you wanted to just sit outside and let's go to the next slide to see what it looked like from the back now there is again that projecting little sort of skinny roof that's sticking out which is there for protection of the lower parts of the structure unfortunately people can get on to it and walk around on it and fall off of it so probably today something like that would not be included but you know the main thing I want to point out here on the backs of these units is that every one of them is equipped with a two section laundry sink as well as clothes lines and that's because washing machines were not included with these units now most people in the early 1950s did have washing machines in their home but if you didn't have one you had to wash clothes by hand and that's what those sinks are for so for women which because it would have been the women in the family would have been able to wash clothes there if they didn't have their own washing machine also clothes lines most people use clothes lines then clothes dryers were very rare even rich people didn't have clothes dryers then so everybody put their laundry out to dry on clothes lines and that's what's part of provided for the residents of Cali Valley Homes next image so here again interior shot here's the kitchen it's a lot smaller than the other one that we just saw at Mayor Wright but again it's got a new wash it's got a new not a washing machine it's got a new refrigerator it's got a new stove it's got ample space for you to put stuff on shelves even though those are not built in shelves as we would normally expect to see it's just a freestanding wooden structure but again it's got linoleum on the floor it's quite comfortable and it does not have you'll notice it's just got a plain uncovered light bulb as the sole source of illumination because they're saving money and not putting a glass cover over that light bulb next picture and here are two shots of the same living room in Cali Valley Homes in 1954 and again this is comfortable furniture that everybody had at that time not just it's not inexpensive for just poor people everybody's furniture looked like this and there is a baby on a rocking horse and I can point out that this baby is just about the same age as I am maybe a few months older so if he or she is still alive hello there we're both in our late 60s now next photograph so here's an overall aerial view of the Cali Valley Homes again there are 40 to 50 individual buildings they have units that range from 1 2 3 4 or 5 bedrooms what's missing here well first of all what's missing is Lique Lique Highway which today goes along in front of this entire development to the right of it and so there's a great deal more traffic and a lot of people moving around there secondly there's not a lot of parking you can see there aren't a lot of paved areas for cars probably each unit only had one parking space at the time well that was probably adequate then in the 1950s it is not adequate now when everybody's got more cars so parking is a problem here these structures are still in place today but they have been altered changed some of the facades have been changed etc and I have to say even though I'm showing you these nice clean pictures and everybody's happy to move in after multiple decades of use there are a lot of problems with maintenance hot water etc in these housing developments today next image so we're going to end with a high rise low income development when I say low income what I mean is people still pay rent but they pay a subsidized rent the government is partly covering so they don't pay market rent and in order to get into these places you have to pass certain requirements in terms of what your income is and how many people there are in your family and initially to move in here they also assessed what your current living situation was well these two buildings there are two of these buildings this is Cuyo Park Terrace also constructed in Kalihi 1963 to 1965 two 16 story buildings these were the first high rise low income structures in the Hawaiian Islands and they too today are renowned for having a great many problems with maintenance in terms of having the elevators continue to run in terms of having hot water be usable and as with many other locations there is high crime so this is not the solution that everybody hoped it was going to be but at the time this was promoted as being not only comfortable but being kind of luxurious in a sense that people who were living in similar buildings in Waikiki were paying a lot of money for views and yet you could move into Cuyo Park Terrace and have a view without paying a great deal of money next image now this is not a low income housing development but there have been people who have mistakenly thought that it was this is Queen Emma Gardens and this was also constructed in the early 1960s it did replace a large area of very poor substandard structures which would not only included housing but also commercial structures churches other types of buildings as well organizations and so forth and this was part of urban renewal which was something that happened in the 1960s all over the United States in which large tracts of downtown areas were entirely condemned from all of their private owners everything was bulldozed streets were realigned all of the as I said earlier again all the infrastructure was put underground in terms of wiring new pipes for sewage and water supply etc well that's what this was but Queen Emma Gardens was not a low income housing development it was not subsidized it was not luxury it was not high end specifically but it didn't accommodate the people who had been displaced by its construction and at the time in the 1960s it was in fact criticized for that because hundreds of people were displaced but they were not given preference to move back in so therefore the people who did move in were entirely new residents and it did not serve a low income function even though it was built in an area that would suggest and the circumstances would suggest that it possibly was and to our next photograph and our last picture this is again a view of Queen Emma Gardens with central intermediate school visible on the right side of the street but its notoriety is not so much for what it looks like and it is a very nice development and I have to say it's very expansive it includes a lot of open space so it's actually a very desirable place for our standards today because we have so little space for around condos today but it's more notorious or best known I might say for the architect who designed it whose name was Minoru Yamasaki and despite his fully Japanese name he was not from Japan he was from the continental United States and at the same time he was designing Queen Emma Gardens he was also working on his major project which was the World Trade Center in New York City because he was the architect for the World Trade Center and the World Trade Center of course is known very tragically for having been entirely destroyed by the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 well Queen Emma Gardens is still standing today and that's a far more pleasant and a far more upscale uplifting type of legacy for Minoru Yamasaki to have rather than the tragedy of the World Trade Center which of course was a much much bigger constructor and far more significant overall than Queen Emma Gardens and that brings us to the end of this episode of Human Humane Architecture or the Dokomomo Hawaii branch of Human Humane Architecture thank you very much for joining me I am Desoto Brown and when I return next week I will be with my regular host Martin Despang and we'll be back to Human Humane Architecture so thanks for joining me and I'll see you again on Human Humane Architecture on Think Tech Hawaii Aloha everyone thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii if you like what we do please like us and click the subscribe button on youtube and the follow button on Vimeo you can also follow us on facebook instagram twitter and linked in and donate to us at thinktechawaii.com mahalo


So, here we have a really big and impressive micro LED and hi, so who are you? Hi, I'm Falcon, Marketing Director of Planet Nitride. And so, what do you do with the micro LED? You have something special? Yes, so this year we have the new micro LED, this one is the transparent micro LED display and you can see that it's very special with the borderless design and very high brightness and also you can see it's transparent so under the bright, under sunshine you can see very bright just very bright on the background you still can see the image. So, what is it that can see the squares? Is it like a lot of different modules together or how does it work? That's because we use mass transfer so that's some of the stamping mark but we can solve in the future. But it's not visible when it's playing, it's not visible so it's not a problem right now. And what do we see here? The bottom one, this is the flexible one, so we use the micro LED to transfer on the poly E-Mine so if you see from the side you can see this is not a flat one, it's flexible and it's very thin. Back plant, so as I show here it's 28 micro only. Is this flexible? Yes, this can be flexible so you can see it's not flat. So it's actually flexed right now? Yes. So how is it possible to do a flexible micro LED? How is it possible? Oh yeah, it's also challenging but we already make the flexible one right now and you can imagine that there's lots of applications like to eliminate a different shape or the foldable devices or any hydro flexible applications. And what is this one? This one is we make it for the wearable devices with very high resolutions and also you can see that's very bright. So if under the same thing, under sunshine you can very easily, still very easy to read the contents. So what is a refresh rate? Is it like a frequency? Okay, for the active matrix, the active matrix one that's 60 hertz and the other passive matrix so the refresher rate will be different. Maybe 30 or no? Yeah, maybe but for the actually it only depends on how to control by the system side so we can make it 120 hertz or 240 hertz. That's not any challenge. Let me jump around here. So what makes special with plain nitride? Do you have some special development with the micro LED? Yes, we're already starting for the mass production this year for starting from small volume and future will become bigger volume. So we believe micro LED technology is not very far from now. Almost starting this year. So we can see some of the micro LED products soon end of this year or early next year. What does it mean play nitride? Okay, because we think that the naming is coming from idea from PlayStation. So we want just like work together like just for fun. So fun? Yeah, we can work very happy because so we play something and nitride is for the very important for the LED based material. So just like get a nitride. So we are playing. So there's many challenges with micro LED to make it work, right? What did you solve? You have some new way to make it work? Yes, we developed from the AP wafer to make it perfect for display. And also we have the chip process to make very, very small micro LED chips and then transfer it to the back plan. And also we have the Cosmotec to repair the panels to the perfect display. So you transfer? Transfer and repair. It's crucial to be able to do this. How do you transfer one by one? How does it work? We call it mass transfer. So traditional is one by one, but it's not possible to make the display. Because there's millions of pixels? Yes, it takes more than two months to make one display. It's not possible. So we use mass transfer with a certain. So just like stamp, we pick up several hundred, several thousand micro LED chips. The same, the one time and transfer to the back plan and bound it on the back plan. So that's why when you put the light behind, we can see the stamps? Yes, that's the stamp mark right now. Is it secret or we can see again? You show again with the light behind? Because so you have many stamps all the way down. We have to see the stamp size, but especially just under a very bright, bright condition. And that's some of the light directly behind. Yes, and this is something just under development. So we have a secret. A little bit. Yes, yes. Because nobody else can do this? Yeah. You're the only one who know how to stamp? Many people can do, but their progress I think is slower than ours. Where are you based? We're based in Shenzhou, Taiwan. And here you have Active Matrix 720 by 480, 7.55 inch. Is it the best? Nobody else do like this? I think this is the first time you see this big size and very good color and high transfer. High transfer with high transfer. Nice. So how soon can buy it? How soon is it going to be everywhere? We hope it can happen from end of this year. Already? Depends on our customer, their progress. But we try to make it this year, at least next year. What could be the main market, the first market? We're not sure right now. It depends really, because we work with a lot of customers from very big size to very small size. So it just depends on their progress. And what's the customer you work with, for example? You don't have to say the name, but what do they do? They're like display makers? Display makers or the brand makers from TV to the IT devices or to smartphone or even to wearable devices. Lots of different applications. And how long time you've been working on the micro LED? Our company founded it from 2014. So this is five years looking forward to this day? Yes, five years from nothing to demo this kind of display. And this is a very exciting time, no? Did you have to hurry up for SID display week to make finish? Oh yeah, actually we're pushed to speed up our development. Not only this, for five years not many companies can make from zero to make an active demo display. Nice. And do you think micro LED is the future for sure? Yes, but it was starting from not the traditional display applications because there's lots of market challenges compared to LCD with very, very low cost. So micro LED was starting from emerging applications. Transparency? Yeah, especially transparency. That's LCD or all that they're difficult to make. And very bright, very bright smartwatch? Yes. And flexible would be important? Flexible, it depends on their applications. So flexible, it can open a lot of imaginations for the display applications. Like you can make it to very flat on different kind of shape of the surface. So you're not limited to just a pen. Nice.


A lot of new evidence is shed in light on the complexities of migration between and within West and North Africa and across the Mediterranean. We now have a better, more nuanced understanding of the risks as well as the opportunities characterizing migration in this area of the world. This is why IOM's Global Migration Data Analysis Centre decided to focus on this bigger picture in its new public. The new volume provides comprehensive, fact-based account of migration from and within these regions over the past two years, from recent trends and data to development outcomes from risk and vulnerabilities to governance at local, national and regional levels. This volume is a result of a highly collaborative process and features 38 different contributions from across the migration spectrum, including IOM offices, international organization, research institutes and civil society organizations. One of the key takeaways of the volume is that people often move in order to contribute to their own and to their community's resilience and development. Their ability to do so depends on their socioeconomic status and on the access they have to safe and to regular migration pathways, which are established by countries. These aspects should receive more attention in national and regional policies as well as in policy dialogues between Europe and Africa. An additional important message on the report is that we need to promote a better understanding of the evidence and use of that evidence to inform policies and monitor their impacts. We hope that the breadth and variety of perspectives and analyses included in this volume will help to promote more coherent, forward-looking and sustainable policy approaches.


Angela writes, question is overall compatibility shared values blendable lifestyles more important than feeling that spark in a long-term relationship. I'm going to repeat that is overall compatibility shared values and blendable lifestyles more important than feeling that spark in a long-term relationship. Great, great, great, great, great question. So coming back to my relationship iceberg. As you can see, the tip of the iceberg is chemistry, but below the waterline is shared values blendable lifestyles and emotional maturity what she just talked about. Here's the thing, chemistry, energetic, I'm going to differentiate chemistry because there's physical attraction, which is one component of chemistry and emotional connection, which is another component of chemistry. I'm a believer that it's important to feel emotional connection with another human being that level of connecting at an emotional level feeling like, you know what, this person gets me along with some physical attraction. Now we men need more physical attraction because we need to get the equipment up, we need to feel physically attracted and ladies, you need to feel physically attracted to get your vaginas wet to let them in. So it is important to have physical attraction a level of chemistry.  If you want to have a significant relationship with another human being, then you need shared values, blendable lifestyles and emotional maturity. Now, could you have a relationship with shared values blendable lifestyles and emotional maturity and no chemistry? Yes, but those relationships tend to be rather boring and worse, they tend to lead in divorce. This is why if you're not familiar with the work of Esther Perrell, she wrote a great book called mating in captivity, mating in captivity. And one of the things I love about Esther Perrell's work is she talks about the importance of erotic connection, erotic connection.  And I know a lot of couples take it for granted or they haven't done it for a week or two weeks or three weeks and then turns into three months and it turns into three years. And next thing you know, it's a 30 year relationship with no sex. And I'm here to say is sexual connection with your partner is as it's not, listen, can you do without it? Absolutely. And still be in a healthy and a happy relationship. I'm here to encourage making it part of the agenda. I know one couple who has been married 50 years, they're in there. No, no, they're 60 years married. They're now in their 80s. And even to this day, they still have one day a week where it's their love making day. And this has been going on for decades. It's part of their equation. So stop being naive here. Start co-creating a relationship. I've mentioned this book before and I'll keep mentioning it. One of the chapters in the book, Eight Dates by Doctors John and Julie Gottman, centered is around sex, centers around sex. So it is a physical attraction. Sexual chemistry is an important component of a relationship. And it's time to be more intentional instead of naive and cavalier. Because as I say all the time, magic fairy dust isn't going to change your relationship. Intentionality is going to make your relationship much stronger. And don't leave it up to men because men are rather clueless. They're winging it. They're winging it. But Jonathan, I don't want to train men. Ladies, it's a lot easier to train a guy than looking for the needle in the haystack. I'm going to repeat that's a lot easier to train a guy than looking for the needle in the haystack. So start, my mother, there's a picture of my mom and dad. They were married 66 years, as I said before. My mother was in charge of the relationship destiny and my dad was a good follower. And my father was a commander of a destroyer, a ship, a 500 foot ship in World War II. He was an alpha male and yet my mom was in charge of the relationship.  And my father genuinely respected her because she spoke her mind. She spoke her mind. And men actually do value that. So long as it's not contrary to their own beliefs, but for the most part, we men are better at taking instructions and that's just an offer I'm making to you. So bring your backs full circle here. Yes, sexual connection, physical attraction, chemistry is as important. Not only for mating, but if you want to go deeper, shared values, blendable lifestyles and emotional maturity. Are you with me? Please give me an amen. Thank you so much for that question, Arlene. I really, or Angela, I really appreciate it. Coleen writes, question. After doing a lot of all you said, why is it when we mentioned wanting to be in an exclusive relationship? And put you on put on the brakes. I'm thinking he wants his cake and eat it too. Oh, so, you know what, so I have again, if you listen to the beginning of the broadcast, I said I'm a contrarian. I'm a believer of being radically honest in the very early stages of dating. In fact, one of the things about my private coaching, by the way, check out the link to a discovery call with me. In the description to see if working with a coach is right for you. My area of expertise is to teach you how to ask the right questions to determine true compatibility based on your personality.  I know a lot of my contemporaries will tell you this. Just go out and have a good time. Just have a good time. It's all about having a good time first, second dates. Just have a good time.  That's what a lot many of my contemporaries will suggest you to do. I'm, I don't believe in that because let me tell you what happens. When you invest emotionally with someone who's emotionally unhealthy, it is an emotional nuclear bomb that goes on inside one of us. And let me just say this, dating triggers the number one emotional health issue facing everybody is I'm not good enough. I'm not lovable. I'm not likable. And this is why I'm a big proponent of being radically honest right from the get go and ask some really hard questions before you ever get too deep with someone.  And if a guy gets upset that you want to be in a monogamous exclusive relationship, then he's just not ready for a relationship. And why do you want to invest in a guy who's not ready for a relationship with Jonathan? He's cute and he drives a nice car and he owns a nice home. Listen, all of the material things in the world will not cure someone from wanting to be, you know, wanting a fully committed relationship. And let's face it, for those of us in midlife. And if you follow my work, my area of expertise is midlife, which is after baby making years and before retirement. You know, we're on our second, third, fourth, fifth, 10th go around. In other words, it might be most 75% of people over 45 years old who are single and dating are divorced. And they've had multiple relationships. So this is not we're not getting our first choice. We're not getting our second choice. We're not getting our third choice in many cases. Now, I know that sounds like a comparison and a judgment there, but I'm here to say it's time to be intentional. And again, it's this, the problem with dating today, here's the thing, these little devices, this little device, and these little apps like Bumble and whatnot has made it progressively harder, because there's this false belief that there's all these perceived choice out there with people. And I'm here to say, I'm here to say, there's a fantasy that there's there's going to be someone better around the corner. And a lot of men operate from the premises. I'll believe it when I see it, I'll believe it when I see it, I'll believe it when I see it so they're always jonesing for that next high they're jonesing for that next high they're jonesing for that next high. Instead of operating from a premise of when I understand it and believe it, I will see it when I understand and believe it, I will see it. And sadly, women are suckling on that same nipple as well. We are more, we have this belief, a lot of women, for example, you know, I'll change my lifestyle when I meet the right guy. No, change your lifestyle ahead of time so you make room for the right guy. And many women alike should be doing this and yet sadly, they're not. So my invitation for you coming back to this original question is be radically honest right from the get go because you kick the wrong guys to the curb and you make room for the guys who are genuinely serious. The problem is, a lot of men who are genuinely serious, you're not attracted to them.  But sometimes a nice guy is worth investing in, because you might be surprised in the long run. Alright Colleen thank you so much for that question I really appreciate it. Alright let's keep going swimming.