Welcome, Analoja. My name is Mark Shklav. I am the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea program. Today we will go across the sea to China with Roger Epstein. Roger is a Hawaii lawyer who began representing major Hong Kong clients in 1974 when he was a very young lawyer. And that led to a lifelong personal and professional adventure with China. Sometimes synchronistic events take us on voyages of fun and fulfillment that we cannot predict. Roger, welcome. Good to see you. Tell me a little bit about your background and how you got into China. How you got hooked on China. Yeah, interesting. Synchronistic is the right word, Mark. So I grew up in Washington DC, went to the University of Maryland, where I got a degree in accounting. And then I went to work for the Internal Revenue Service. And after one year, I started at night at Georgetown Law School. So I continued to work for the IRS for five years. And then when I graduated from Georgetown in 1972, somehow out of the blue, I got another synchronistic call. Was I interested in working in Honolulu? Had you ever been to Honolulu? Never been to Honolulu. 1971, just before I was graduating in 72. So I came out and I thought, gee, if you like it, this is an incredible place. And so I decided to take the job with the Cade Shetty Law Firm, which is now the largest law firm in Honolulu. And shortly after I got here, I got connected with things Chinese. And your background was tax law. You came from IRS and that's exactly your background. Yes, when you went to work for the firm. Is that what you were doing? Yes, absolutely. They'd been looking for a tax lawyer for some years. Hard to find somebody with good experience. But see now, I had an honor degree from Georgetown Law School. And I and I was with the IRS for five years, so they really were happy to have me out here. So you had practical experience as well as the scholastic background to be a tax lawyer. So you had the credentials. Okay, then what happened? Cade Shetty had a program every Wednesday where they had what they called a tax talk. So all 30 of the lawyers in those days would go up to the Pacific Club and meet. And every week I had to give a tax talk to the other lawyers so they could know. This young lawyer. Right. So my whole career mark, interestingly, has been five, 10, 15 years ahead of myself. So right away when I came to Cade Shetty, I was giving tax advice to Russell Cates, who was already 60 years old, and I was 27. So it was a really interesting lawyer taking advice from a young kid, basically. Yes. So two things happened to me. One, I hurt my back, and I got involved with Chinese acupuncture. And the acupuncturist said, look, you could take acupuncture every day for your back. But if you want to learn how to take care of yourself, you need to learn how to do chi kung. This is 45 years ago. I fixed up their company so that it became a Taoist church clinic, an acupuncture clinic and a school. And the church was on top. And I got them a tax exemption. So you used your background in law to help them and they helped you. And then they then she said, why don't you become Chairman of the Board? So I became Chairman of the Board of a Chinese acupuncture college for almost 20 years. Wow. So at the same time, Sir Run Run Shaw, who was a knight of the British Order and who created the kung fu genre of movies, he had some 10, 20,000 acres in Hong Kong, where he had movie studios and developed all this. His daughter lived in Hawaii. And his son-in-law was the head of Morgan Stanley, what's now Morgan Stanley. And so he hired Milton Cades to help them because Run Run Shaw wanted to acquire real estate in the United States. So he hired Milton. Milton brought me along to the meeting. They needed tax advice. They needed tax advice. And actually, Milton was the first tax lawyer in Hawaii, but he was already kind of over the hill and brought me along. He was very senior. Very senior. He needed somebody to do all the work, like I used to do in the last few years when I was at Cage Shedding. At the same time, Jardine Matheson, one of the oldest and largest companies in Hong Kong, acquired the Theo Davies Company. That's right. He ended 1973. So both of those things happened at once and synchronistic. And then a third thing, I had a client came into the office and one of the other lawyers brought me to the meeting and they were sending charters from San Francisco to Hong Kong. $499 round trip San Francisco to Hong Kong and a week stay at the Hilton or the Hyatt. So I told them, they said, well, we're going to make a lot of money with a tourist gone to nightclub tours in Hong Kong and we have a partner there and we keep from paying taxes on the money we earn in Hong Kong. And I said, yeah, if you set up a company in Hong Kong. So they said, oh, well then you got to come here. Okay. So they flew me to Hong Kong and I had a really nice room with all these amenities and welcome from the manager, assistant manager, all this kind of stuff. And the next morning I got up to meet with my clients. They had a two bedroom suite in the penthouse of the Hyatt Hotel in Kowloon. So anyway, they had a dining room table for eight. They say, Roger, come on in. Give me that a waiter taking their order in their room. Anyway, long story. They said to me, what are you going to do while you're here? I said, well, I'm meeting with Run Run Shaw because he just became a client. This guy's 70 years old. Run Run Shaw. Yeah, and a night of the British Order. So they said, well, why don't you use this place to meet with him? So here I am, their 27-year-old US tax lawyer, entertaining Run Run Shaw at age 70 and his CEO and CFO in my two bedroom penthouse suite in the Hyatt Hotel. I'm sure that made a very good impression on them, right? It made them think I was way above where I was. And I used to go to different dinners with Run Run Shaw sitting in the back of his Rolls-Royce. But then we started talking politics about some time later. And we weren't on the same wave thanks. But anyway, it was a wonderful experience. And Jardine Matheson then acquired Davies around the same time. And I ended up going every six months to Hong Kong, working with the Shaw brothers and Jardine Matheson and being both of their US tax lawyers. And so this boy from DC who had never been to Hawaii, not to mention Hong Kong, all of a sudden finds himself through all these little connections that you couldn't have predicted, right? Absolutely.  Right. And boom. All of a sudden I'm the chairman of the board of a Taoist Chinese group of companies. So what did you do? Is that how that's how you got hooked? That's how you got into China, right? I mean, but Hong Kong wasn't quite China then, right? That's exactly right. Well, I started going to China. My first trip was 1974. And Hong Kong was due to be returned to Britain in 97. So between 74 and 86, there was no assurances what Britain was going to do. No one really knew. They had a 99 year lease, which expired in 97. And so at that time, it was an independent colony, and very much of the financial place in the world. And so it had its own its own mostly British operatives in politics, but it had its own existence. And then about 86, 85 86, the queen announced that she was going to give it back. So nobody knew what was going on. In fact, when I took a early on, I took a little sightseeing tour. And the tour guide took me up a mountain in the new territories. And she said, look over there. And you could see a train track that ended at a fence. He said, that's China. Now, Nixon went to China in 1972, the great handshake experience. And that was an opening. But remember, diplomatic relations with China didn't really start until 1978 with the United States. And but I was doing these Chinese things in Hawaii. And I was traveling every six months, I would go to Hong Kong. And then I would travel around Asia. My other client was the Hong Kong side of the travel business. So after I spent a week working really hard in Hong Kong, I take two weeks travel all over Asia by myself. And they set me up in Weets here and you know, it was it was good fun for 30 year old. Well, let's take a couple photos of places in China that you've been to. And we'll we'll do some more after the break. But let's take a look at the first photo and tell us what this is. So that's a recent photo of me at the back of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City in Beijing. So the Forbidden City is the old palace for the emperors. And I first went there in 1982. This picture is just a couple of months ago. But I went there in 1982. And I was thinking about it the other day, all of the people there in 1982 were foreigners. There were almost no Chinese there. Oh, wow. And because Chinese didn't have any money to travel. Like I said, Deng Jiao Ping took over in 1978 after Mao died in 76. And then they had four years of by the time I got there, they were just four years into the opening up and becoming a capitalist country. Let's take a look at the next photo. Where's this? This is a beautiful park that I love. It's actually not too far from the Forbidden City in Beijing. On the right hand side, there are thousands and thousands of tourists. But they see that you can just see the big wall on the backside must be 1215 feet high on the right hand side. On this other side, there's this little park that has only one entrance. Very few people go there. And there's 1000 tourists on the other side. So I come here, I practice my Qigong. I sit around I took this picture I just thought was just beautiful. I love these weeping willow trees. And on the right side where the color is those are flowers and there's a waterway. It's pretty classic of Beijing. There's so many nice parks. And they're kept so nice because labor is still cheap. And you know, we don't really know about that side of Beijing or China in America. We don't we think it's concrete or it's, you know, here's an interesting thing. I was in Beijing not too long ago. And I was sitting in a lobby of the Beijing hotel, one of the oldest hotels there. And there was a couple young couple from Pennsylvania. And I chatted them up.  He said, you know, it's nothing like I thought it would be. And I said, What do you think it would be? She said, I don't know. I think that's what it is American communication. Americans. We have here. That's right. Americans don't know anything about it. But their impression is nothing like what it really is this background or Shanghai will show you. That's the Shanghai building on the left. And we have another photo of Shanghai in our next. Oh, yeah, isn't that spectacular? That's a picture that I didn't take. But my partner took from the old Bund area in the front, which is built by the Russians in the 50s, looking across the river, the Huangpu River that runs down the center of Shanghai, to the new area of Pudong, which was built as a financial center. This is the financial center of China in Shanghai. They have a financial exchange. And I often say, it looks like they had an architect's convention to see who could build the most unusual 50 to 100 story building. So you came from DC to Honolulu, Hong Kong, and then you went to other parts of China? Yes. And they're not China. I went to other parts of Asia. I didn't travel around China till you till you and I got started with the US China Legal Network in 2007. Oh, okay, but but you went to Beijing? I went to Beijing in 82. And in 94, I did travel around some other other areas in with my Chinese group. I went to the Longhu Shan Taoist Temple, the second oldest Taoist temple in China. Okay, now, the point I want to make is you didn't know anything about China. Yes, when you when you started, right? Then all these connections happened that brought you in, that kind of sucked you into China.  So we're going to talk a little bit more after the break. Okay, take a break right now. Thank you. Aloha, I'm Mellie James, host of Let's Mana Up. Tuesdays, every other Tuesday, from 11 to 1130. This show is meant to dive into stories of local product entrepreneurs, and how they're growing their companies from right here in Hawaii. I'm so thrilled to have our show kicked off. And so please join us on Tuesdays at 11 o'clock, as we talk to local entrepreneurs and hear their stories. Aloha, my name is Wendy Lo and I want you to join me as we take our health back. On my show, all we do is talk about things in everyday life in Hawaii or abroad. I have guests on board that would just talk about different aspects of health in every, in every way, whether it's medical health, nutritional health, diabetic health, you name it, we'll talk about it, even financial health. We'll even have some of the Miss Hawaii's on board and all the different topics that I feel will make your health and your lifestyle a lot better. So come join me. I welcome you to take your health back. Mahalo. Welcome back. I'm Mark Shklav, host of Law Across the Sea with Roger Epstein today talking about being hooked on China. And Roger got hooked. A young man, a young lawyer, whose background kind of set him up to go to Hong Kong first, and learn a little bit about Chinese religion and art. And then he went across the Sea to China and Roger, okay, tell us what you've learned you let me let's go to the next photo and talk a little bit about what you learned about China. Well, this photo is a very interesting one to me because it speaks to the changes in China. Since I've been going there. I mentioned to you in 1994, I went to the Longhu Shan monastery with my Chinese group. That was for the grand opening of the Longhu Shan monastery, the second oldest monastery, Taoist monastery in China. This picture that you just had up is the Jing'an Temple. This is on the Rodeo Ninjiang Road is is equivalent to Rodeo Drive in China, Rodeo Drive in LA. And this temple is right at the end of this, you know, every store you can imagine shopping district. And these are gold leaf, there's a bunch of these I have a number of photos of this. These are different kinds of Buddhist masters. This is a Buddhist temple, not Taoist. But when I first started going there regularly in 2011 to Shanghai, it was totally rundown. It was kind of interesting to see an old rundown temple. But starting in 2015, I think, they began to fix it up to where now it has gold leaf on this is on the road. What does that tell us about China? Well, think about it in 1994, they were just allowing religion. Now, on the busiest street in the in Shanghai, they put, I don't know how many tens of millions of dollars into making it at a much higher level. So what it tells me is that it's it's demonstrative of the opening up of China from a totally, you know, the completely communist system, nobody could even own anything to the heavy capitalism we have now. The same thing with religion, it's gone from banning religion to opening it up for tourism, to now making it as prominent as it needs to be. And there's lots of Chinese involved. Lots of Chinese. Let's take a look at the next photo. Okay, this temple, this is from the Hermitian temple that I went to last year in Chengdu, which is where the pandas are, by the way. And Chengdu, this Hermitian temple is the first Daoist temple in China. And it was it was built in 46 AD, for the first century after Christ. And now they're they're re establishing this temple and not for tourism. They want to have scholars there. They want to I met with the government, actually. And we talked about how we could use the long who showed the Hermitian monastery to bring Chinese Daoist scholars from all over the world. This is the boy from DC. Yeah, talking about this stuff that I remember now. Remember now this is 45 years later. I see. I've been I've been 20 years, 1820 years as a chairman. And I'm still very active with the Chinese group here that I started with in 1975. And and I'm doing all this business. I've got a bunch of others. What are you doing in China now? Let's take a look at the next slide. So my first thing as you well know, it was about lawyering in China. And and now I retired from Cade Shuddy in 2016. And I formed a business called Asia Pacific Group. And Asia Pacific Group was set up, designed to do business at a high level, an ethical level between Chinese and American. Let's go back to that photo for a minute. And who are the who are these folks? So this is our latest business opportunity. This is in a small city of two or three million people called Yulin. And Yulin has 40% of the world's magnesium. And magnesium is becoming the green metal of the future. And so they have 40% of the world's magnesium, but the distribution system is totally dysfunctional, because nobody trusts Chinese. And so they're in the coal business for years. This is in Inner Mongolia. They're in the coal business. People don't want to buy as much coal. That's all fading out. But they have magnesium. But magnesium needs to be processed. So in order to process it, it costs money. They don't want to invest the Chinese don't want to invest in the processing, unless they've got a buyer to put up the money to pay for the processing. The buyers like Mercedes buys 1500 metric tons of magnesium every month. Wow. They don't want to give any Chinese mines any money because they don't trust them. They don't trust the quality. They don't trust that the product will be delivered on time. And they don't know what's going to happen to their money. So our company is basically Guangxi. We have trust for a whole variety of reasons. So the young lawyer from Washington DC went to Hawaii who learned about tax law. Now finds himself as kind of bringing it all together. Yes. Yes. And it gets into where I really am. In my at 74, my spiritual development is to help China and the United States come together in this transition period. Let's talk a little bit more. The next three photos you doing something what we will say is Pono something good. And that's teaching at Bayway School. Bayway Foreign Studies University. 70% of foreign diplomats from China went to this school. And I was invited to come and speak at the law school. This picture is from the law school building looking back on the main campus that building in the front campus nice campus that's the that's the main building in the campus and then inside you see the trees and it goes back. It's not all those buildings but it goes back quite a ways and it's a very nice school. So what did you teach? I taught two classes of legal writing, which I hadn't taken a legal writing course in 50 years. And I taught one class to graduate students in US tax law. Oh, wow. Let's take a look at the next photo. And that is I just like this photo a lot. And where is this? This is looking through that bridge in the back is called the summer palace, where the emperor and his group would stay for the summer. It's in Beijing. It's in Beijing. Yes. And so it was this when you were there teaching when I was teaching one of the great things I did was I bought a bicycle. And I was bicycling all over Beijing. It's a terrific city to bicycle as long as you're not don't have too much fear for your life. The traffic because of the crazy traffic and nobody follows any rules of the air and the air. Oh, I next time I come on I'll show you the mask I bought. It's a Darth Vader mask I bought. I wouldn't go on the bicycle and exercise like that without a Darth Vader mask on. And so there's a canal that I rode down for about an hour to get to the summer palace from my my room at my apartment. So besides teaching, you were able to wander around the city, take a look at Beijing, take in its sights. Oh, yeah. And I also had my company going. So we had an office in Wang Fujin near Tiananmen Square near the Forbidden City. That was about 10 miles. So I would ride back and forth to there and get a good look at the city. And the next photo we have here, it looks like is this your class or what? This is this is five of the students and myself. There are about 35 students in my tax class. The woman in the front was such a sweetheart. She was my like class assistant. When I would pass out homework and things she would I got to China for Bay Y and they said, Oh, you're going to teach this graduate tax class, which I've taught at the University of Hawaii.  And I get there. My first class with the graduate students, nobody had had a class in accounting. Imagine the tax law class in the US tax. That's a you take that first, right? So I had to yeah, you know, accounting is kind of the basic basics for so I had to become an accounting teacher. But they it was such a great experience. And the kids are so good. The the the undergraduate students, especially the women, the young girls and the law is an undergraduate course in China. And I was teaching two classes of legal writing about 25 kids in each class. And it was in English using American case law. Isn't that incredible? And the young people were pretty, pretty sharp. The women were very sharp. The guys were mediocre. And this is a good school. I this is probably one of the top 10 schools in the country. And not the not the number one, but very high up there. And I can't tell you how the girls they were just so interested in what was going on and worked hard. And, and I really focused on telling them how important it was to be meticulous in the United States and really drilling into commas and, you know, proofreading as we proof reading as well as all the other factors that are necessary. And also, telling them how important I thought it was, that they were going to understand the US and China, because this is where the future is for the world for the next 2030. Okay, so we have a couple minutes left. What have you learned about life and law from your how many 45 years experience with China and being hooked on China. And while you talk about that, let's take a look at this last photo. I would say I've learned, of course, and began to learn this when I moved to Hawaii, that everybody's the same. Everybody wants to have a family, they want to have a good job, they want to take care of themselves and people close to them. And that's their primary goal. They're not political. China has become very capitalized. There's so many middle class people, there are 800 million people got out of poverty. And they have no ethics. They're just getting into ethics. The same time that I was going in 1994 to the opening of the Longhushan monastery, they were beginning to go back to their own principles of Taoism and Confucianism and Buddhism, which had been put down by the Communist Party for so many years. Everything old was put down to basics. Yeah. And so what I see now is the same growth in ethical conduct, especially with lawyers and wanting to develop that. And we recognize they're not there yet. One more look at the last photo and tell us who that is and what that tells you about your life in China. These are the two sons of Kingward Gahn, who was one of the lawyers that that came as Mark knows to our US China legal network program where they stayed in Hawaii for three months. Boy closest to me is rain. I had a contest with him when he was three as to whether my Chinese was better than his English. The younger boy was born in Los Angeles in a program to make him a US citizen. Okay, so the point you're making is we're all the same. We're all the same. And we should be coming together. We should be collaborating. China is going up. The United States is more stagnant. But they still totally admire us should sit at the same table. And what we have to offer wisdom technology about all kinds of things they can use in their growth. And now we're all participating to make the world a better Roger. And Hawaii is perfect. Thank you very much, Roger. We'll talk again. I look forward to it. Thank you. Aloha.


Empirical research. Empirical research is research using empirical evidence. It is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience. Empiricism values such research more than other kinds. Empirical evidence the record of one's direct observations or experiences can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, the researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected usually called data. Research design varies by field and by the question being investigated. Many researchers combine qualitative and quantitative forms of analysis to better answer questions which cannot be studied in laboratory settings, particularly in the social sciences and in education. In some fields, quantitative research may begin with a research question e.g., does listening to vocal music during the learning of a word list have an effect on later memory for these words? Which is tested through experimentation. Usually, the researcher has a certain theory regarding the topic under investigation. Based on this theory, statements or hypotheses will be proposed e.g., listening to vocal voice has a negative effect on learning a word list. From these hypotheses, predictions about specific events are derived e.g., people who study a word list while listening to vocal music will remember fewer words on a later memory test than people who study a word list in silence. These predictions can then be tested with a suitable experiment. Depending on the outcomes of the experiment, the theory on which the hypotheses and predictions were based will be supported or not, or may need to be modified and then subjected to further testing.


Welcome to Spotlight. I'm Luke Haley. And I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live. If you walk outside in the middle of the night, what do you see in the sky? You probably see stars. If you live in the country, you can see many stars. But if you live in a city, you may notice only a few. This difference is important. What happened to all the stars? The stars are still in the sky, but people cannot see them because of light pollution. Too much light can make it difficult to see the night sky. But light pollution affects more than just the night sky. It affects all life on Earth. Some scientists warn that light pollution damages people and animals. These scientists are working to save the night sky. Today's spotlight is on light pollution and the disappearing night sky. Thousands of years ago, it was common to see many stars in the sky. That was because there were no lamps or electric lights. People who wanted light needed to build a fire. However, this changed with the invention of electricity. More and more people could buy electric or artificial lights. They could put the artificial lights in their houses, businesses and streets. Bob Parks works for the International Dark Sky Association. This organisation works to keep and protect the nighttime environment. He told the Diane Reem show, Over the past 50 years, the population has moved closer to cities. Cities have gone brighter using more lights. And that means that most people growing up today will never see beautiful groups of stars. They will never see a natural night sky. They will never be inspired by it. And we think that is very tragic. Today, people are surrounded by light, even at night time. Much of this light is not necessary. Or the light travels where it should not be. It creates light pollution. Light pollution is any artificial light that goes where it is not supposed to be. For example, a person can put a light on the outside of his house. It shines on his own house. But the light could be too strong. It may also shine on his neighbour's house. The extra light shining on the neighbour's house is one kind of light pollution. Other light pollution can come from cities. Have you ever travelled to a big city at night? You may have noticed that the big city looks like it is glowing. It has a low, soft light all around it. Pictures from space show the soft lights of cities from all over the world. But is all this light really a big problem? People need light to see. They need light to work and drive safely at night and for many other things. But scientists say that this extra light has proven effects on living creatures, animals and humans. One animal affected by light pollution is the sea turtle. Pregnant sea turtles always lay their eggs on a dark beach. The beach is near the water but covered in sand. The turtle digs a hole in the sand and lays her eggs. When the baby sea turtles are born, they climb out of their eggs. Bob Parks describes how these baby sea turtles or hatchlings are affected by light pollution. For thousands of years, sea turtle hatchlings, when they come out, have moved toward the brightest light source in the sky. That has been the stars over the water. That gets them into the water safely when they hatch at night. If you have lights from buildings behind the beach, when the hatchlings come out, they are drawn to the brightest light source. That is often a car parking lot or a road. The hatchlings never make it back to the water. Today, sea turtles are finding fewer and fewer dark beaches. But people like Bob Parks work to fix this situation. Parks works with the government. This part of the government works to manage and protect animals. Together, they redesign public lighting like the lights in car parking lots and roads. They use less intense lights. Public lights are usually a blue color similar to stars. So instead, they use a light that is a little different in color. The hatchlings do not go toward the yellow, orange or red lights. Birds experience problems because of light pollution too. Many birds travel to a different area of the world to mate and lay eggs. They often travel at night. But lights from tall buildings can lead the birds off their natural path. A bird may use all its energy flying the wrong way. It may be too tired to continue its natural path. Birds may also crash into brightly lighted buildings. They may die. Light pollution also has proven effects on humans. Hormones are chemicals in people's bodies. They help the body to grow and develop. Light influences these hormones. One of these hormones is called melatonin. Melatonin governs when people sleep and wake. Light can suppress melatonin. Yet many people go to bed with the lights on. This suppresses melatonin. These people do not sleep well. Some people also work in the middle of the night. They work in artificial light. Then they sleep during the day. Experts say that this also has bad effects on a person's hormones, especially melatonin. Some studies show that when people continually suppress their melatonin, they have higher rates of health problems. People can reduce these risks in simple ways. First, do not go to bed with the light on. And second, if you work in the middle of the night, try to work at similar times for a few weeks. Do not work some nights and some days. Instead, form a pattern. People and animals need light. But they also need darkness. There are simple ways to solve the problem of light pollution. Experts say that people must first use light wisely. Only use the amount of light that you need. Do not think that more light is better light. People also can greatly reduce light pollution by using well-designed lights. These lights use particular colours. They only shine light where it should be. Using less light and better lighting methods reduces the energy people use. What do you think about light pollution? Have you experienced it yourself? What do you see when you look into the night sky? Tell us about it on our website at www.radioenglish.net The writer of this programme was Liz Wade. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this programme and voiced by Spotlight. You can find our programmes on the internet at www.radioenglish.net This programme is called The Disappearing Dark Night Sky. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight programme. Goodbye.


Well, today we're going to be looking at 1 Peter 5. We're looking at verses 1 through 4. And it's a passage that really is one of those passages that are taught to leadership, their leadership verses. This pertains to leadership in the church, qualifications and duties. And I've taught this passage on many occasions to those who are training to be pastors. I've spoken out of it to those who are leaders and pastors. And so this is one of those passages that really in many ways can have a specific message to a certain group. And yet there are certain transferable concepts that we'll find here that help every believer to walk more solidly with the Lord. So let's begin in chapter 5 of 1 Peter at verse 1. I'll read to verse 4. We'll get into our study. 1 Peter chapter 5 verses 1 through 4. The apostle Peter writes, The elders who are among you, I exhort. I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ. And also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed. Shepherd the flock of God, which is among you. Serving as overseers. Not by constraint, but willingly. Not for dishonest gain, but eagerly. Nor as being lords over those entrusted to you. But being examples to the flock. And when the chief shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that does not fade away. So you see some duties that are spoken of. You see challenges in relation to their motives as well as the fact that the apostle Peter is pointing to the rewards of their service. And we'll be seeing that in these four verses of 1 Peter chapter 5. What he's doing here is he's continuing his letter by addressing the church. And he begins as he's speaking to the church by addressing those who are referred to as the elders. That's how he begins, the elders who are among you. So he's speaking to the elders. Now he's not speaking to the elderly, the general age and population of the church. He's speaking specifically of those who have leadership in the church or those who rule, those who are the elders. And he begins to designate their duties and a variety of other things as he's speaking to them. He's speaking to the elders because they have the responsibility of shepherding the sheep that belong to Jesus Christ. These are those who are referred to as overseers. And normally in the church you would have as overseers, those who were more mature, more experienced, and thus under normal circumstances, especially in church life, the older ones who've been walking with the Lord for some time would be highly respected. Now in general, respecting the elderly was part of the law of Moses. Moses made it very clear that you should in general respect those who are older than you. In Leviticus 1932, you shall rise before the grayheaded and honor the presence of an old man and fear your God, I am the Lord. And so within the confines of just general relationships in the community, the age had had a place of respectability. And that in general was something that was normal, even in this society, even in my lifetime, that you show respect to those who are older or aged or those who are willing to admit their age at least, you're supposed to show them respect. You know, I was trained that way, many of you in this room were too. I was trained that if I were seated and a woman got on the bus that I was riding, my responsibility was to stand up and offer the seat. I was told that when a woman, a lady entered into a room, my parents taught me, when a lady enters the room, you stand up and show respect. I was taught to show respect to the older. So if I'm in the house and an older person walks in, my responsibility was to stand up and show them due respect. That's a biblical concept. We didn't call people who were older than us by their first names. We would speak to them by their last name, Mrs. Jones, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Garcia, whatever it may be. That's how we were. I didn't speak to them by their first name unless they gave me permission to do so. You go to a doctor's office today and you can be 40 or 50 years older than the young girl who's there and she'll call you Davey. You know, how you doing, Davey?   And it's not like it's offensive. It's just a different way of thinking. And that has found its way into how we are in church life. The younger people don't necessarily respect those who are older, those who are aged, those who have gained their wisdom through experience. They don't necessarily do that anymore. As a matter of fact, very often they think that they have just as much or more understanding than that old person over there. You know, of course, age doesn't necessarily equate to wisdom. Job 32.9 says it like this, great men are not always wise, nor do the aged always understand justice. The fact is, is you show respect to those in general, but especially to those who have faithfully served the Lord. Like it says in Proverbs 16, 31, the silver-haired head is a crown of glory if it's found in the way of righteousness. And so he's speaking not just to the aged, but he's speaking to the leadership. There's a general tendency to show respect to those who are older, but you especially respect those who are leaders in the body of Christ because these were men who were not self-appointed. These were men who actually were appointed in leadership positions due to their experience in the things of the Lord and the leading of the Spirit. And people would pray and ask God concerning leadership, who would you have us to lead and prayerfully decisions would be made and elders would be placed in that position. You didn't come through a vote. It came through a prayerful leading of the Holy Spirit. Like it says in Titus 1, verse five, when Paul writes, for this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking and appoint elders in every city as I commanded you. Or as it says in Acts 14, 23, so when they, speaking of Paul and Barnabas, had appointed elders in every church and prayed with fasting, they commanded them to the Lord in whom they had believed. And so the most experienced and most mature in Christ were to watch over and instruct the rest. That's how it is to be in the church. You see the church is spiritual, so its leaders must be spiritually mature and have impeccable character. And a spiritual leader is there to be aware of the integrity and humility that is necessary for them to lead. And there are qualifications that you can find in 1 Timothy chapter three, verses one through seven, as well as Titus chapter one, verses six through nine. And you can read those passages and you can see the qualities of an elder, a bishop, a person who's involved in leadership. And so he's writing to the elders. These elders are accountable to God for the spiritual work that they perform. Now, as you look at this in verse one here in chapter five of 1 Peter, notice what he says. He says, the elders who are among you, I exhort, I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ and also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed. So first I want you to notice that he reveals humility as he's approaching them. In essence, he's saying, I'm not presuming an attitude of superiority, but I appeal to you as a comrade in service, a comrade in ministry. And so I'm speaking to you as an equal amongst equals. Now, obviously in the flesh, if the apostle Peter wanted, he could have boasted of his credentials. I mean, this is a man who was involved from the very beginning. He was a first generation follower of Jesus Christ. He was one of the 12, but notice he didn't make any special demands on them for their respect. He wasn't seeking that. It reminds me of what the apostle Paul says in 1 Thessalonians two, verse six, where he says, nor did we seek glory from men, either from you or from others when we might have made demands as apostles of Christ. So he's not taking that tact with them. He's not taking that approach with them. He says, I'm going to begin with an attitude of humility and servanthood.  I too am under the yoke of the Lord Jesus Christ. We're not seeking glory. We're seeking to have a relationship with you. Interestingly enough, though he begins as a fellow elder, he does gently remind them of his unique credentials because he refers to a couple of things. One makes, he makes reference to the fact that he was noticed in verse one, a witness of the sufferings of Christ. And though I may be a fellow elder, yet you need to remember that I had a very close relationship to Jesus Christ. I was a witness of his sufferings. I'm somebody who is an eyewitness and I can bear testimony of what I saw. So what he's writing as is as an apostle, an apostle who experienced the ministry of Jesus firsthand and somebody who walked with him and saw the suffering that Jesus endured. Now, remembering, of course, that much of the theme of 1 Peter relates to suffering and how you're supposed to look to Jesus Christ, who is the greatest model of enduring great opposition, he would be speaking concerning one who understands suffering and therefore he'd say, I saw this firsthand. I saw Jesus. I saw Jesus Christ firsthand and therefore I have relationship with him. Now, I'll give this as an aside. The question sometimes is asked, are there modern apostles? Are there people with the same equal authority that the apostle Paul had? There are some who refer to themselves as the apostles of the church. There are certain denominations that refer to their leaders as their apostles. There is a movement right now, some of you may be aware of, where those who are quote unquote the leaders of that movement are claiming apostolic authority equal to that of the original apostles and I had just this week, it was brought to my attention, questions were asked related to that. When you look into the New Testament, there are certain qualifications for an apostle. One is Paul mentions this in 2 Corinthians 12 verse 12 when he said that the signs of an apostle were worked amongst the Corinthians through his hands and he spoke concerning the signs and the wonders and the mighty works of God. And so the apostle was one who was used by God to perform miracles, you see that in scripture. The apostle Peter in 2 Peter actually makes it very clear to us in chapter three verses 14 through 16 that the apostles were inspired by God to write scripture. There's nobody today who's writing scripture because scripture is already a sealed canon. We already have received all that God was going to give to us and so there are no modern apostles writing scripture but beyond that requirement for being an apostle was to have firsthand experience with Jesus Christ. You see that in Acts chapter one verses 20 through 22 when the failure of Judas was being addressed in and when they were gonna select someone to take his place and it says in Acts chapter one verses 20 through 22 for said Peter it is written in the book of Psalms may his place be deserted let there be no one to dwell in it and may another take his place of leadership therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have been with us the whole time the Lord Jesus went in and out among us beginning from John's baptism to the time when Jesus was taken up from us for one of these must become a witness with us of his resurrection. So one of the qualifications to be an apostle was to have begun with Jesus to walk with Jesus to see Jesus after he died was ascended and this was somebody who was supposed to be appointed as an apostle and that was one of the qualifications and Peter was an apostolic witness he was an individual who saw firsthand the sufferings of Jesus Christ he was there in the Garden of Gethsemane when Jesus was agonizing in prayer and as it were he sweat great drops of blood he was there in Caiaphas court yard when he saw Jesus as Jesus had been beaten he saw the sufferings of Jesus Christ and the sufferings of Christ had deeply been embedded in the soul of this apostle and so he could speak of one as one who had seen the sufferings of Jesus and then secondly he says he's gonna be a partaker of the glory that will be revealed now that's gonna be when Jesus returns now he saw a portion of that glory there on what was called the Mount Transfiguration where Jesus was transfigured before him and he saw the glory even as it says in Matthew 17, 1 and 2 after six days Jesus took Peter, James and John his brother led them up on a high mountain by themselves he was transfigured before them his face shone like the sun and his clothes became as white as the light so he saw a glimpse of the glory of God but he's anticipating the return of Christ a time when Jesus' glory is going to be seen by all at the second coming now this anticipation is serving to motivate him to faithful service in the Lord because he's gonna share in eternal glory with Jesus Christ he says that in chapter 5 verse 10 when he says later on made the God of all grace who called us to his eternal glory by Christ Jesus after you have suffered a while perfect established strength and unsettled you so he's looking forward to the glory that he'll have with the Lord with all of that said he now goes into speaking some very basic things about the attitude of a shepherd notice what he says in verse 2 he says to these elders shepherd the flock of God which is among you serving as overseers not by constraint but willingly not for dishonest gain but eagerly nor as being lords over those entrusted to you but being examples to the flock so he begins speaking to them concerning their duties what are they supposed to do what are pastors supposed to be like well one he's saying to them shepherd that word shepherd in the original language speaks of tender care it's a word that you get the word pastor from he's saying tenderly care for the flock of God which is amongst you when he calls it the flock of God he's simply saying these are God's people and you should tenderly care for those whom the Lord loves gently lovingly care for the sheep don't beat them love them lead them and that's what he's saying jesus had commissioned the apostle peter to be a tender shepherd he had said if you love me you're gonna feed and you're gonna tend my sheep and the apostle peter had learned that that what he was to do as a leader was to care for those sheep in the name of jesus christ now when he says shepherd the flock of God tenderly care for that flock which belongs to God and it is among you serving he says as overseers not by constraint but willingly constraint not because you're forced to but have a willing heart to so the guy is in bed sunday morning his mom knocks on his bedroom door son's time to get up time to go to church no mom i'm not going today i don't feel like going son get up it's time to go to church you know we go to church on sunday it's time to go to church no mom i'm not going to go i don't want to go today son you gotta get up it's time to go to church i'm not going why should i go i don't like going the people there are mean they gossip about me they're cruel to me they say the meanest things they treat me so just i just don't want to go why should i go give me one reason she says it's sunday we go to church and secondly you're the pastor you have to go not out of constraint not being forced to but doing it willingly because you love to you see when you're forced to do something it reveals spiritual immaturity or if you're pastoring out of constraint it can reveal fleshly ambition or it's the kind of thing that maybe you just reject authority over you and therefore you want to be the authority over others but the bottom line is is you're not to do it by constraint he says what you're to do is to serve the Lord as an oversea as an oversea see here because you have an internal uh... fueled desire by the spirit of God it's like what it says in 1 Timothy 3 verse 1 where Paul says if any man desire the office of a bishop he desires a good thing it's that internal desire that driving motivation that causes you to get up in the morning and and to do the work that God called you to do and if if you're a shepherd if you're a pastor which is the context of this if you're an overseer if you're an elder then you have an internal compulsion there's not somebody there who's always pushing you and forcing you in and constraining you and you're not having to be talked into it you do it because there's nothing else you can do i was being interviewed and somebody asked me a question related to ministry and i said i i passed it because silly thing i can do i wasn't saying that i can't get another job used to drive a truck i've worked in restaurants i've worked in supermarkets i i can do all kinds of work it's not that i can't what i was doing as i was quoting spurgeon from his book lectures to my students and and spurgeon was quoting a man by the name of mcneil or mcneil basically said and spurgeon quoted young man if you can do anything else and by all means do it the bottom line is is a man who's called to serve the lord full time there's nothing else for him to do but to serve the lord full time that's a calling it's an internal thing it's not the kind of thing where you have to sit down for weeks months or years and begin to say i wonder if i'm called i wonder if i'm not called i want it's just a drive within you i've had people ask me when did you know you were called to the pastoral ministry the answer is always the same the day i got saved the day i got saved there was something inside of me the day i got saved that motivated me to pursue the path that led me to this place right here the desire to talk about the lord and care for other people in the lord and it's there it's placed in you by the spirit of god it it isn't something you get through seminary classes it's not something that happens because several people agree that you'd be a great pastor it isn't because certain people say oh every time you talk it makes sense to me therefore you ought to shepherd me it's got to begin within your own heart and and and that's why paul would say if you desire the office of the bishop you desire a good thing it's something within you and it's something that god does through you it's something that god calls you too and and and these pastors are to be gifts to the church it's like it says in jeremiah three fifteen i will give you shepherds after my own heart who will lead you with knowledge and understanding so you do it willingly and then he says nor for dishonest gained but eagerly you don't use the ministry to steal people's money you don't acquire finances dishonestly it's not wrong for minister to receive compensation for serving the lord that is a biblical principle paul writes to the glations in chapter six verse six let him who has taught the word share in all good things with him who teaches first Corinthians nine verse fourteen the lord has commanded that those who preach the gospel should live from the gospel so it's not as if it's wrong to receive compensation but when you have a dishonest heart and you want to become the one who becomes rich off or profits off of the the gifts of others that is what is wrong somebody was sharing with me how a a tv preaching personality recently apparently was on air uh... uh... service recorded as he was sharing with the congregation how he was asking them to give generously so he could buy a new lear jet i guess the old one wasn't good enough so he needs a new lear jet and and i was asked about that what do you think about that i think well what i think is that i think you ought to get the new lear jet and give it to me no what do i think about that i think the bible says that i'm not supposed to take advantage of people i think that the bible makes it very clear that you're not in ministry for dishonest gain it's very very clear and it states it very clearly in and one of the marks of a false teachers the constant emphasis on you giving him more and more and more so he can live better better and better matthew twenty three fourteen jesus speaks of this attitude when he says woe to you scribes and Pharisees and they call them hypocrites for you devour widows houses and for a pretence make long prayers therefore you'll receive greater condemnation a widow would go to the Pharisee and say i need prayer and if she gave a generous gift to him he'd pray a long time if she didn't give him a generous prayer he might not pray at all or pray very little and so jesus said that's an act of hypocrisy you're making money by praying when in reality you ought to be ministry now that the love of god paul in second chrithians two seventeen said it like this paul said and like so many we do not pedal the word of god for profit on the contrary in christ we speak before god with sincerity like men sent from god we don't adulterate the word of god for financial gain we give it to you as men of god and that's what we're to do so he says not for dishonest gain but eagerly in verse three going on nor as being lords over those entrusted to you but being examples to the flock instead of walking around the church like you are the king and this is your domain you're to be an example you're to be an example of what a believer is you're to be an example to to the body of christ there's this movement that some of you are aware of uh... that that i think has been really depreciating the value of ministry and the integrity of the word of god it's a movement where there are some who are well-known who are using the pulpit and as they express themselves in the pulpit they use uh... an occasional profane word they swear in the pulpit they use the word various words to describe certain things that are course and vulgar and forbidden by the lord who says let no unprofitable word proceed out of your mouth but that which is good for the use of edification that it may minister grace to the hearer god's word teaches us not to use course words and course verbiage and and uh... the pulpit of all places is the place where god's sacredness ought to be exalted all the more uh... coming from my background and let me give to you an example of how this kind of is is worked out in daily church life uh... my background being raised in the catholic church when you walk into uh... catholic church as many of you have done maybe for many years and perhaps still do you'll notice that the center of the of the the area there is is the alter it's called the alter so you walk in at i was raised as a catholic you walk in and there's the alter and and the priest will do most of his quote unquote service there at the alter the alter is the center of the platform and they have the cross there and various other things but that's where they celebrate communion from and it's the center so the center of the catholic church has always been what is called the sacrifice of the mass we all know that those of us who were raised in the catholic church it's not the mass it's called the sacrifice of the mass because when you have communion and all there's a re-crucification re-crucification of jesus christ he's once again being uh... his body and blood is being revealed there and it's an act of sacrifice that's the catholic church's theology as it pertains to that and so when you walk in you have the alter and then some point some portion of what is called a mass uh... the minister the priest will go to the side and he'll normally have his is a pulpit area off to the side and he speaks to the congregation and then comes back to once again the center which is the sacrifice that's not true in the process in churches normally you walk into a process in church and what's the center the center is the pulpit why is the pulpit the center because the center of all church life is the word of god and when somebody is there with the bible opened up and the center all all eyes are to be on the word of god and so there's a difference a major difference between coming in for a sacrifice and coming in to celebrate the reality of a sacrifice that took place two thousand years ago and that's what we celebrate the resurrection of christ and we do that to the life of god that is revealed to us by the word of god and so i'm up here at what used to be called the holy table you may have never heard that phrase but in old days they would speak of the pulpit as being the holy table why is it the holy table because the bread of life is being presented to people and we're to divide it properly and distribute it and so people receive life from god's word and so how can i depreciate the value of the word of god by making a course in vulgar and use profanity as i express it and the message that takes place when that happens is god is not a holy god even though peter has said to us be ye holy for i am holy and so when we don't take the word of god and live it and honor it and teach people to do so we're depreciating who god is and his work in our life not everybody understands it and not too many people value that but the bottom line is is that's what we're called to do and that's what the apostle peter is teaching us he's saying we're to be living in such a way that people will see our lives as ministers and we are examples to them why because god entrusted his sheep to us and thus i need to live in such a way that that my fellowship knows that i take these things seriously one of my sons was around a pastor years ago now who used a profanity in front of him more than one pastor and so he used a word this is years ago now my son used a word when he was talking to me and i said to him what he says oh i and i said son that's an improper word and then he says well so-and-so this other pastor so-and-so said it and i smiled at him and i said is so-and-so your father he says no i said does your father speak like that and he said no i said then who are you going to use as your example your father or somebody else he says somebody else i said no i'll slap your face no he says i'll use my dad i said then use your dad that's what we're called to do you see we're to be examples that people see the way that i as a pastor live god has blessed my life and i don't put it on and i'm not to pretend i'm not to come up here hypocritically so let's do this and then go off and do something else on my own oh nobody knows me in this city i can go into this fire here i can drink that there i can go no you're to be an example at all times that's the sincerity of ministry and that's what the apostle is speaking concerning now does that mean that we don't fail you know there are a lot of people who have eyes to see you fail they want to see your failure no it doesn't mean that we don't fail but it does mean that we do our very best in the lord by his power love from him and love for him to be an example to others that's why the apostle paul could say imitate me as i imitate christ and that's what we're supposed to be is examples to the flock in titus chapter two verses seven and eight it says in everything set them an example by doing what is good in your teachings show integrity seriousness and soundness of speech that cannot be condemned so that those who oppose you may be ashamed because they have nothing bad to say about us now when the writer of hebrews was writing in chapter 13 in verse seven he wrote remember those who rule over you who have spoken the word of god to you whose faith follow considering the outcome of their conduct so he said leaders in the church are to be faithful communicators of the word of god remember those who rule over you who have spoken the word of god to you they faithfully communicate god's word so faithful teaching of god's word is worthy of respect he says whose faith follows because their way of life is to be worthy of imitation they live out the gospel message and then he said consider the outcome of their conduct in other words carefully look at their lives especially at its conclusion look at its fruit observe how they live and how they close the life that's been well spent and observe whether there are regrets and sorrows and grief and as you see them dying with victory use them as your example and that's what he's saying here that's what the apostles saying we're to be examples to the flock and then he speaks concerning the reward when he says in verse four when the chief shepherd appears you will receive the crown of glory that does not fade away you look to the reward temporal crowns do rust they do fade because they can't last but the reward for faithful service is eternal it's like what he says what paul says in in in first grintians nine 24 and 25 do you not know that those who run in a race all run but one receives the prize run in such a way that you may obtain it everyone who competes for the prize is temperate in all things they do it to obtain a perishable crown but we an imperishable crown our reward is eternal so for me as a pastor this is one of those passages that is really directed to my heart before it's directed to anybody else's and as i have said before as i've stood in this pulpit on more than one occasion in the past i'll say it again as i close my promise to this church before the lord is i'll do the very best that i can as a pastor to follow these guidelines to learn to shepherd tenderly to serve as an overseer to do so willingly to not profit in a dishonest way from you to not lord it over you but to be an example to you and i will do that because i'm looking to the prize because i don't want to go to heaven alone i want to take with me as many people as is possible and i'd like you to come with me


Those personal characteristics including all those which we have so covered and plus the motivation is affecting their behavior, their attitude, their personality and how they behave, how they did make the decisions. So, we better understand this concept of motivation well. If we want to understand the other topics when we will be going to a group dynamicism, we will be working together and ultimately to organizational level when we will talk about how organizations are working and what kind of difference they can create in the real world. So, what is motivation basically a state of mind, desire, energy or interest that translate into action so that is the motivation right. What is your motivation to study here, similarly another definition can be motivation the inner drive that direct a person what behaviors toward goal, so what is motive for you to study this course, what are the motives okay, there must be some good motives there and those motives are may be it depend again vary from person to person, some people go because they want to get good education, some people are looking ahead step ahead they want to have a good job, some people to go for study because they see without education they cannot differentiate between right and wrong, so whatever motive is there your goal directed basically those motive will the inner when you are deprived of something right, which is up to those direction we are going to another let us see another definition, you can see the slide the process that account for an individual intensity, direction and persistence of efforts toward attaining a goal, a very important three words here key elements in this definition are intensity, how hard a person try, the harder it will work mean more motivation there, what about direction toward you must have that your effort should be directed towards certain goal, now you see you can use this part of the this definition of motivation for your organization benefit, because you want to make sure that all your employees are working towards specific goal, so the more the motivation there is the more chances are that those provided if you keep other thing constant yes that your that effort the persistence the intensity of that effort will be directed toward the goal and the last part is persistence and how long a person tries, so three parts in intensity, direction and persistence, so these three are basic element which in this Robin book he has described it very important when we are talking about the motivation, now why do we care about motivation, one thing is of course when we are talking about individual that is a part of that individual personality, the individual's behavior aspect of the function is a person and environment that person's motivation is playing very vital role, but look at the organization point of view look at this slide you might have already seen it in the when we are talking about the human resource management, the performance in any organization we are talking about performance right, performance of individuals, performance of group, performance of organization, they say that performance is the function of what ability, motivation and opportunity, now all three these components are very important, the ability, the motivation and opportunity, let us put them in the mathematical model, when we are saying it performance is the function of these three things, so if you do not have any motivation for a particular job, you might have a good ability for that knowledge and skills, you might be getting good opportunity, but if your motivation level is 0, the whole performance will go 0, so similarly other things, so when we are talking about the ultimate the performance thing the motivation is playing the vital role there, but let us try to understand the process of motivation, again this slide you have already seen it, I am not trying to bring the same old slides couple of those, so that you should again recall those things, this is a situation, see starting from the need, need of what some more money, more money for unexpected medical expenses, every day you do not know what will happen tomorrow, you might be needing for your own medical expenses, are you family members, suddenly this new thing is there, now what is the intensity, what is the consistency basically here, how much important it is for you and in our society especially in our culture again, if you are talking about your family they become more important for you, so you have to arrange that money, now how much effort you can put, it depends, how intense the need is, now let us see desperately need the money to meet the extra expenses of medical bill for yourself or for your family, now what will be the course of action, what will be the direction, now your it will come up, the goal directed behavior will be there, now what are the options, option can be if you have choice you can work for extra time, our time, so that you can make extra money, if you do not have that choice available, you might look for some other jobs, ok, morning time I will work here, evening time, in my later time I am not going to spend at home or enjoy or play, I will go and work somewhere else evening, ok and try to earn more money, so that I should meet that particular need of extra money for the medical expenses or for any purpose for that sake, let us see if it is not also working, you are not getting a chance to go and work for another organization, what option do you have now, you might ask for the loan and your focus will be now goal directed behavior to get a loan, if it is not working what else is there and even people can steal it, though it is not a good thing, but see how it depend what kind of need is there, how intense, how much intense that is, how much desperate you are to fulfill that particular need, so either the alternative whatever direction you whatever goals you have, so your behavior will be goal directed toward those available options and more the drive the maximum effort you will put, the more the need is there, the more you are going to put extra effort there, I see your motivation level will be high and high more, so it will goal basically it is goal directed behavior then, so let us assume you are getting any option, you might be getting a raise, you might be getting our time, you might be able to you might be able to get a job, evening time and that is how you are able to achieve that goal of earning extra money, so that you should be able to pay for extra medical bills and see the how the process of this need related motives motivations were kind of directing your goals, directing your efforts toward a goal achieving behavior, so that is how this motivation work, that is how those needs they will shape up your kind of behavior toward a specific goal and today we are going to discuss two need based theories because if you are following the Robin book there is complete chapter on different theories, I will try to just focus on couple of them today and then is next lecture maybe we will try to discuss more, I know when we are talking about theories or history or these type of thing it becomes sometime boring, but still we have to understand what was our relationship, how these things were evolved and that try to understand the basic concept and philosophies, fine with you? Let us see the phases of motivational process and we will talk about with reference to the organization set of the work behavior, imply identify needs first thing of course when you are deprived of something that is how the inner restlessness starts and that is how you are directed towards certain goal achievements, so need is felt and you search for satisfying these those needs from alternators, how can I get this like in previous example we discussed for the need for extra money to pay the extra medical bills, the third part is imply select goal directed behavior, okay this is the best option I can have, I can get an extra job or I should go for borrowing the money or whatever as we discussed in the previous example and then you go and do it like if you are you have picked that I am going to go for evening shift job somewhere extra for extra earning you will do that and then imply receive either reward or punishment, if your action was toward positive thing and you have performed as per the requirement you will get the reward and your need will be satisfied those basic driver your motive is basically there and if it is other way around your motive or negative you might be getting punishment and then the last step is again imply reassess need deficiency and then maybe next day, next time now you will be having a different deficiency, now it is not the money maybe it is a recognition you want to have the recognition it might be that you want to have the status you want to go for the next stage, it might be that you want to have the transfer that you should get a job position in some particular areas and so on, see that is how every time you go around and you reassess your need deficiencies you pick the identify your need deficiency and you again search for alternatives go for the best choice do it get the consequences like reward or punishment and then this is this is the whole cycle and thrust behind all this whole process is the basically the motives what motives do you have and again it relate with the intensity of the lead


What if I were to tell you that you looked something like this at some point in your life? Yeah, you heard me right. All of us looked something like this when we were growing as embryos in our mother's bodies. This structure or something that resembles this structure is common for all animals classified under the phylum Chordata, that is all Chordates. Animals are classified as Chordates if they have four specific characters.  A notochord is a rod-like structure that usually involves in supporting the animal's body. The nerve cord is made up of nervous tissue and is located above the notochord, hence the name dorsal nerve cord because dorsal means above or on top. Gills slits are openings on the sides of the animals. The post anal tail is found towards the end of the animal's body and is usually involved in movement. Take a look at yourself. Do you have a post anal tail or do you have gills? How are we Chordates then? An important thing to remember here is that Chordates need not have these structures throughout their life cycle. If an animal has all four characters at some point in its life, it is enough to classify it as a Chordate. Now Chordata is a huge phylum. It is classified into three main sub phyla, Eurochordata or Tunicates, Cephalochordata or Cephalochordates and Vertibrata. In tunicates such as salp, which are marine organisms, the notochord is present only in the larval stage, that too in the tail. This fits because the term Euro actually means tail. So in tunicates the notochord is present only in the larval tail. Cephalochordates such as Lancelots live in shallow waters. In cephalochordates the notochord is present in adults as well, that means it is present throughout the organism's life. The notochord often extends from the head to the tail in many species. In vertebrates the notochord is present in the embryonic stage but is later replaced with the vertebral column or the backbone. If you put your hand to the middle of your back the heart structure that you feel there that's your backbone because all humans are vertebrates. Now vertebrata again is a huge sub phylum. It is divided into two main divisions, agnata which are jawless organisms and gnatastomata which are jawed organisms. So by jaw I mean the muscular jaw that we have. Agnata don't have that while gnatastomata have jaws. There is one class classified under agnata which is cyclostomata. Cyclostomata such as hag fish and lampreys are marine organisms.  They live as parasites on other fishes but their body is not covered with scales and nor do they have any fins. Gnatastomata is classified into two main categories. Pisces which are animals that pair fins and tetrapods which are animals that have limbs. Now Pisces are exclusively aquatic organisms. Tetrapods may be aquatic or they may be terrestrials which means they can live on land. Let's take a closer look at Pisces and tetrapods. There are two classes of Pisces, chondrichthys and osteichthys. Chondrichthys such as sharks and stingrays have a skeleton that is made up of cartilage. Now cartilage is a type of soft tissue. In chondrichthys the notochord is present in the adult stage as well. Because they're aquatic organisms they have gill slits through which they breathe. Their body is covered with scales and in many organisms these scales are sometimes modified into teeth and these organisms are often predatorous. So they are cold-bredded organisms which means that they lack the ability to regulate their internal temperature according to the external temperature. Osteichthys on the other hand like seahorse and clownfish have a skeleton that is made up of bone.  They're also aquatic animals so they breathe through gill slits. Their body is covered with scales and is more streamlined to help in swimming. They have something called air blooders. So because of the presence of air blooders these animals are buoyant so they need not keep swimming constantly to avoid sinking. Air blooders are noticeably absent in chondrichthys. So animals like sharks need to keep swimming constantly to avoid sinking. Tetrapods are mainly terrestrial organisms but there are of course a few exceptions. There are four main classes of tetrapods amphibia, reptilia, avis and mammalia. Amphibia includes all amphibians like salamanders and frogs. They can live in water and land. They have a soft moist skin that is not covered with scales. They can breathe through their skin but they also have lungs through which they can breathe. They are also cold blooded animals. Reptilia includes all reptiles like crocodiles and snakes. So these animals are animals that move in a creeping or crawling manner. This fits because the word reptilia is derived from the Latin word repper which means to creep or crawl. Their skin is dry and is covered with scales and often animals like snakes shed their skin as they grow. Now reptilia are also cold blooded organisms but this is where the feature of cold bloodedness ends because avis and mammals are not cold blooded. Then what are they? Avis are actually birds. Birds like peacocks have a feathery body. Their body is covered with soft feathers. They have wings that help them fly. So their bones are hollow which means that they have space in between them and the space is filled with air cavities and these air cavities also help in flight. Now like I just said avis and mammals are not cold blooded. They are called warm blooded animals. This is because they can regulate their internal body temperature according to the external temperature. Mammalia includes all mammals like elephants and us humans. A basic characteristic of mammals is that the body is covered with hair and female mammals have mammary glands and females often give birth to young ones. So they are called viviparis. All animals that lay eggs are called oviparis but animals that give birth are called viviparis. So because of the presence of mammary glands females produce milk which is used to nourish young ones. Mammals are also warm blooded like birds and they have adapted to a variety of locomotive methods like walking in elephants and swimming in whales. Majority of mammals do give birth to young ones but there are of course exceptions. One example of an exception is the platypus which instead of giving birth actually lays eggs. Pretty cool isn't it? So now we can safely say that all vertebrates are chordates but are all chordates vertebrates? Why or why not?


We don't know exactly what these people are up to, but you mentioned sexual misconduct, problems with authority, and obsession with money. They are manipulative, arrogant, and divisive. They take advantage of the loving-kindness of the church, and they are dangerous. Does that sound familiar?


What's going on everybody got Kyle and Shawn here relating sports cards and we are ripping 2023 tops go the collection baseball six box case number 12 pick your team style I have Brandon a with the blue jays Brandon s with the Phillies Brent c has the Royals Brian c has the Dodgers christen with the white socks Daniel y with the Tigers Daniel g has pirates Darrell m ashows eddy p has the Padres Gabriel c has the backs and Orioles high sin hang l has the Red Sox James j has the Braves Jordan n with the Rockies Joseph s has twins Joseph m has the Rays Joshua b Cubs Kevin C or Kevin m sorry Kevin m has the Mariners Angels Mark a has the Marlins and the Nationals Matt P with the Brewers Michael T has Mets Nate s with the Guardians Peter m with the Yankees um shit my cardsville Andrew has the Cardinals Stefan a has the Reds got uh Steven v with the Giants Troy s has Rangers and Winchu l has the Ace good luck good luck let's see what we got here guys let's do it next one to fill up is going to be football here guys we are sold out on baseball now gonna be football coming up got some mixers we got an immaculate random team style um college football and then NT pick your team style as well at the end of the night good luck everybody gilded gilded gilded this is the largest packaging the largest packaging for 30 cards all righty guys good luck box one another PYT then a random team then a division so we got four of these coming four cases yes he said it was a wild pitch wild pitch run perfect why not got our frame and our base pack hello Sam hello Sam got Cal Mitchell working to 99 for the Pirates it's my buddy from Colorado so it's a 25 nice one O'Neill cruise ray wave got Otto this one's going to be Starling Marte to 75 starting off for the Mets on the first auto Starling Marte and a Hank Aaron nice one there braves to 75 a little hammer and Hank on the parallel and our first frame is going to be for the Braves the 50 it's Tom Glavin Tom Glavin for the Braves not bad there gap uh Glavin and uh hammer and Hank so far appreciate you John W grabbing one of the mixer spots Glavin to 50 on the gold frame go box two good luck guys who scored on the wild pitch Bryce yeah I thought I saw him on first before right space pack and frame got a to 99 Simian Woods Richardson that would be twins rookie got a to 50 Ezekiel Tovar on the mini diamond rookie for the Rockies nice Otto to 50 going to the Red Sox is Masataka Yoshida that'll do for the Red Sox we'll mag that there uh Boston very nice one there Masataka to 50 that is such a sick design man the blue and the reds both really pop nice one there and a Mark Fienzos rookie to 75 on the weight second frame it is going to be Pudge Rodriguez number to 10 nice one there Rangers very nice Pudge that one is six out of 10 Rangers Pudge I know they got a Marlins Pudge in here too this one is Rangers go Rangers nice gold uh frame box three some baseball on now football that's probably why they start early they want to compete with football I forgot about that yeah no five o'clock for a nlcs is not very smart get a two o'clock game on the west coast it's over there it's three hours earlier it's a 99 is Carl Yass for the Red Sox throwback uh Red Sox there Yass got a Peter Lanzo to 50 for the Mets always fine Pete always fine Pete and nice gave Moreno to 99 D-backs they're very good capture nice one there rookie out of to 99 and a Jordon to 75 on the wave Astros this dude is on fire man Jordon is a beast now for our third frame is White Sox to 25 is Lu Apricio Luis Apricio there to 25 on the throwback gold frame White Sox this time a little mix going around Lu Apricio box number four hey what up Mark what's up Mark evening sir evening how we doing how we doing box four yeah who we booing Lane uh Goldschmidt to 99 Goldschmidt last year's nlmvp have a nice one Max Scherzer it's lanes boy with the Mets there though to 25 on the railway and Otto to 75 is Michael Grove rookie for the Dodgers this design is just so clean man it's crazy crazy and wave to 75 is Oscar Coloss Oscar Coloss White Sox another rookie there White Sox doing well this one is going to be Edgar Martinez going to the Mariners there to 25 that's a nice car on the gold frame that one is the gallery of Gold Otto 21 to 25 Edgar Martinez that might be trouble oh yeah that's a run this one there for the Mariners they are mark they are they're so they're so nice man they look fantastic box five Lordess Guriel hey he's not bad right come on let's see a uh let's see a cut auto man let's see a cut auto got a Ricky Henderson that one's to 99 on the base for the ace Ricky that one is Willie Mays the 50 there you go Giants Willie Mays on the throwback in Otto this one is going to be to 99 Carlos Perez White Sox again other White Sox there Carlos Perez rookie Otto to 99 and a Casey Schmidt rookie for the Giants to 199 Casey Schmidt oh I think so for us I think so got four cases to do it and this one is going to be for the Cubs this time to 99 is Andre Dawson got the hawk for the Cubbies so far so good man one more to go box number six hey let's go let's go little Cleveland come on now it's just been smiling since uh Jake went down yeah better hair Harper Gerber jeez there's a Cattel Marte to 99 for the Serpientes on his jersey d-backs to 99 oh nice Acunha that one's number to 50 on the mini diamond go Braves this next one is blue should be a 50 as well on the auto and it's Tyler Freeman that one's going to be Guardians on the rookie Otto to 50 on the blue foil I think the blue might be my favorite the red's very nice too though I like the blue though Guardians this one is a 25 Nick Prado on the Rosegoal this time there we go Royals as well got an extra auto this one 25 a 25 Prado for the Royals and a Trey Turner to 75 on the wave maybe at the top of the order again so maybe for Domo actually I don't know oh nice one here it'll go to the um Angels it's Vladdie senior to 50 on the frame auto Vladdie senior this time Angels 44 50 what's up KC KC what up on the gold frame all righty there guys that'll do it for the full case number 12 Guild of Collection six box do a quick auto recap here Smith pinch hit for Longo so um that means for Domo's up Geraldo got a gold frame to 50 Vladdie senior for the Angels to 25 Nick Prado to 50s Tyler Freeman Guardians got a 99 Carlos Perez rookie Otto White Sox to 75 Michael Grove and Gamer Raino to 99 had Starling Marte for the Mets to 75 our frame to 50 Tom Glavin Braves Pudge Rodriguez number to 10 nice one there Rangers nice Pudge to 25 is Lou Appriezio have a Edgar Martinez to 25 and a Andre Dawson the Hawk to 99 for the Cubs and our mag we had a to 50 for the Red Sox Masataka Yoshida on the rookie blue foil very nice one there for the Red Sox Masataka all righty there guys that'll do it for um case number 12 let's do number 13 here in just a moment


Why are we so afraid of rejection? Why does rejection have such painful effects on us? Because back in the day when we were living in a hunter and gatherer society, getting rejected pretty much meant you're going to die.   That's just what's going to happen. So we had our genes evolve in a way that said, do anything possible so you don't get rejected.  Now, all of that is of course no longer relevant in the 21st century. There's now thousands of people out there in your town, in your city alone. But our brain, our genes still work like that. They say rejection, that's dangerous.  You're scared to talk to new people. That's all your 200,000 year old genes trying to protect you. And it makes complete sense looking at the study. A lot of our clients are highly analytical, highly skilled. And when you go on an app and you go on that first date and that person doesn't want to see you a second time, or you work up the courage, you walk over there, you try your best to approach and strike up a conversation and it doesn't go well. It's easy to feel angry. Science shows aggression goes up. And it's also easy to feel dumb, to feel like, why is this not working? What's going on here? I know I'm a great person. I have all this awesome stuff going on. Why is this approach not working? And as Johnny highlighted, while your strategy online needs some work, you probably need a profile audit and redo. You need better pictures. And your conversation skills on that approach and non-verbal skills need work and improvement to not only allow yourself to be more effective and to strike up a conversation and generate attraction, but also realize that in these moments of repeated rejection, your anger is going up and you're feeling less in control because scientifically speaking, we're lowering our IQ when we're facing this rejection repeatedly. So it can feel overwhelming and you can feel lost coming out of a relationship and not having been in the dating game for a while and start facing rejection either out in the street or out at the bar or online. And in that lost sensation, it's easy then to just give up and say, I'm writing off online dating. I'm screw dating in general. And we saw this study that like 66% of men are not in committed relationships while most women in the study 30 and under are in relationships and men are getting more and more frustrated. So the science is working against us. Our strategies are not aligning to help us be more effective and more attractive version of ourselves. And what we don't wanna see is you get in a downward spiral and just completely remove yourself from the dating pool because that's not an effective strategy.  After a while, you slowly start to feel defeated, frustrated and that's when you're frustrated, you become tired.  And it will because now you're working with a data set that doesn't look very good, that shows rejection. It is beating you up and now, as I mentioned, your inner critic is going to town. And think about what it takes to leave a relationship. There's especially if it's been a marriage that has been going on for a decade plus or even a long-term relationship that has been going on for a few years. By the time you get to a point that you have to pull the plug and end the relationship, a lot of damage in the relationship has already taken place. And for the guys out there, your first thought is, do I still have it? Or the one thing that can make me feel better in this moment is to share it and to be with somebody else. So I know that no matter what, everything is going to be okay. And we've already just discussed in the earlier part that the worst thing you can do is immediately go out there and start dating again. That is working against you. That's why taking space, creating some space and taking some time to process this is so important. And then while you're getting physically fit and processing the trauma that you have just left, this is a great time to then start looking at that profile and at what skills that you can be developing to make yourself a better person because you're going to need it when you dive back into the dating pool.