This is the first time we're seeing a bomb. So we're breaking it at a stable show. So this is the first time we're seeing it. So we're here at Four Points Sheraton, just across the road from RAC Arena. And we've got the squad of all the people, all the volunteers involved. We're having some breakfast. It's 6.41 in the morning. Gates don't open till nine for the VIPs and 10 for the general admission. So we're here with my sister. Did I get you involved in this or did you get involved in this yourself? Technically you involved me. I'll take credit. And what's on your feet today? Some loaves, sneakerland colors, of course. And I've got my name engraved on them. And what's your dream shoe? Triple black Jordan 4s. Ooh, do you know what these ones are? Ooh. Ex-Nike employee, she should know. Oh, I don't know. Start with the basics. Colorway, I don't know. Royals, the Jordan one. I was going to say Royals. Dream collab for you, go. QE and one off. Ever.  No, Christian Dior. We've got another media enthusiast. What are you? I'm a photographer today. And what is your best gig you've had so far? AFL Grand Final, for sure. Amazing, amazing. And tell me about your shoes. So these ones here are the Rayquan Deodoras. They are one of 800 in the world. Apparently 10 pairs in Australia, one pair in my size, and they're on my feet. And how much did you cop them for? Cop them for retail, but they also costed me a day and a half of my life waiting in line. So you camp here? Yeah, sleep on a pavement. I kind of miss those days of lining up in sneakers. I'm pretty sure that's where we originally met each other. And a few of the vendors today, that's where I met them in lines for sneakers. And it's amazing to see everyone come up and what they're doing now, it's really good to see. If someone came up to you today and said, I want those right now, what would you be willing to say yes to? I find it hard to sell off any of my sneakers because of the... Every man has their price. But I haven't figured that out yet. I go up to right now, I go, 10 grand cash, bang, would you? Gone. That's his price. So Flora, what brings you to Sneakerland today? Here with Revo Fitness, we're sponsoring the event. We've got a plank challenge. So if you can plank the longest, you can win a pretty, pretty unique pair of sneakers. White, red and black Jordan 1. So you've got some shoes on yourself. You've got the, what is it, the new triple black Ultra Boost? Yes, they are. You've got a good eye. Do you have a dream pair that you've always wanted? Probably these ones. I have three black Ultra Boost pairs. Same. I just collect black Ultra Boost. Yeah, same. That's my main pair that I wear. That's awesome. How many gyms are there? How many Revo Fitnesses are there in WA? 16 at the moment, but keep your eyes peeled because there's always more popping up. And it's less than $10 a week for membership with no locking contracts, no funny business.  Something that should have existed years ago. But here we are, Revo Fitness coming in clutch. You've been a sneaker collector for a while? Yeah, for a while because of my dad. Shout outs to dad, getting into it. It's a good culture to be in. And do you drip that at school? No, I just bought my dad's shoes off him. You bought your dad's shoes? Do you have the same size shoes? Yeah, size 11 meant. And you're only in year six? Yeah. What's your favorite pair of shoes that you wish you owned? Travis God's Retro's. Classic. Dad, can you come in for this? So tell me about the fundraiser, the self-made thing. So my brother and our family, we run a self-made Indigenous Incorporation. We are asked to come down today and chuck up a couple of donation bins. Not too bad, not too bad. But yeah, it's good to have the vendors here and it's for a good cause too. Tell me about your ultimate favorite pair of shoes that you wish you owned? Probably Off-White Jordan 4s. So these are the Kobe 2 All-Stars. I've had them in closet for, God, probably about six, seven years, something like that, ages, ages ago. It's back when Kobe was with Adidas, his second shoe. So they're not going to be made anymore. Yeah, they'd be pretty rare, they'd be pretty valuable. But I figured, why not Sneakland Perth break out saying that no lot of people would have seen and put them on feet for today? Yeah, they remind me of the Jordan 18s. Yeah, yeah. Everyone calls on the moonboots. All right, we're about to show you the main stage, the main arena. Oh. Yeah, we've got plenty of stalls on the outside, two lanes on the inside, or three really. Got some stuff at the back. We've got the boys from Camera Electronic. Take a look at all of these shoes set up for Sneakland. I'm super excited. People can come up and touch the shoe, smell the shoe, maybe even lick the shoe if they let you. So, Sneakland, is this your first time? No, it's our second time. We came last year and it was a raging success, so we decided to come back. How did you get into it? My partner, he's been into sneakers for about five, six years. These were my first shoes. No. Oh, now you seem pretty tall. Look at how tall you are. Your ultimate grail, dream shoe go. Oh, well, it was one of the off-white Jordans, but I got that for Christmas last year, so we've got to find a new one, I guess. Love it. Thank you so much. Best of luck. I'm Serena and come see us at Kicking It Up. We're located in Northbridge and we open seven days a week. We've got the Lee Collection here in Perth. You've got the Rolls-Royce. You've got the Mercedes-Benz. I don't know what the car's called, but it looks pretty cool. The Rolls-Royce is more my vibe. It looks like something I would fit into. Maybe I should do a series with Lee Collective and see which cars I can fit in. And then over here, we have the amazing low rider, the Impala 64. Her name's Catherine. And then next to her, we have a Porsche RWB. But this is my favorite thing I've seen so far at the event, and that's the bicycle. Check out the bicycle over here. Now, this bicycle is absolutely insane. It's got a real baller chain steering wheel looking thing. It's got a spare tire on the back of it, too. Take a look at that, the spare tire. What sort of stuff are you gonna be doing when you need a spare tire on the back at all times? That's crazy. Ultimate shoe that you would love to own.  What are these ones? These are the Union 4s. It's a crossover with the Union LA brand. This is called the Jordan 4 Union Off Noir. So with these ones, how much would I be expecting to pay? Just a little bit over one, so 1.2. 1.2K, not 1.2 mil. But that's still a lot. That's still a lot. So now the soles, are they that color or is that part of the design? Part of the design. Part of the design. Otherwise, you can find us on Instagram, just on this banner here as well. So we're here with the main man Sol from Wanderlust by Camera Electronic. How are you feeling about today? Yeah, really good, really excited. And we've got some great new gear, scooters, dirt bikes, all electric, drones, and everything else, speakers, headphones, yeah, it's gonna be cool. How long until you start selling your first electric car? Ooh, that's a good one. I wanna sell Tesla mobiles when they come out, mate, as well as cars. And you've got a little arena behind us here, with the go-karts, tell me about that. The idea for that is that people can test an electric go-kart. So when people come to Sneakerland, they wanna try something new and different and they check out the Wanderlust stall right behind it is two electric go-karts. Now, you've got some shoes on, you've got the Jordan 11s, tell me about those. Retro gray and very happy to have them, even got a matching pair for my son as well. And what's your ultimate dream pair? Is some Chicago mids, I think I'm chasing. All right, let's try the go-karts out. I barely fit into this. Buckle up for safety, eh?  Uh-oh, I just found the handbrake. It doesn't work, I'm too fat. Gonna park up. Take a look at what is on special today. We've got a signed Wildcats jersey with all the boys. We've got some off-white sneakers, I don't know much about these ones, but they're looking pretty snazzy, they're looking pretty special. Yeah, we've got some pretty insane pairs. There's some Ben and Jerry's dunks, these are very well sought after. These ones are probably the worth the most amount of money. These shoes here are about $12,000 or something like that. That's crazy. This is the original, original, original pair of Jordan 1 breads. This right here, OG, OG, OG. Now, I think this pair specifically isn't from 1985. It's not old enough. I think that's a 2013 model. But the box looks pretty old, so maybe it is just well preserved. Oh, these ones, the Jumpman, these are the main attractions. Everybody wants these. These are the Chicago one off-white pair. These fetch for around seven, seven and a half grand, brand new. So these will probably fetch a good price at auction. So they've got the Yeezys. This is back when Kanye West was still collabing with Nike. These are more of the basketball shoes. Got the Jays. I don't know if that's actually signed by him, but I guess it would be, I think it is. Signed box pair of Jordan 5s. Some more Supreme Merch, some more Yeezys. Got the Mona Lisa in the flesh. Oh, Louis Vuitton's, here we go. Some Louis Vuitton's, I actually tried to get a pair of these when they came out because I was like, why not? And finally, I don't know what that is. You got some staff members here. Tell me about your shoes. Start with you. These are the Jordan Lucky Greens. Why are they so lucky? I'm not sure, just green. Give me luck. Yeah, and I just switched up the laces a bit and that's about it. What's your ultimate dream pair? I don't know, I have to think about it. I'll get back to you, I'll get back to you. Tell me about your pair. These are very, very popular, these ones. So these ones are the Travis Scott's, the Mockers. I switched up the laces too last night. They had them in black, so I thought I'd just go pink just because I like the pink on them. These are actually my dream shoes. Hey! Yeah, so when one of them actually opened up, I was like in line for these, yeah. So you got them for retail? No, I think it was like, I think it was like one six. Ooh, one six. I was eating crumbs for a couple of months. Worth it? Yeah, definitely for sure. So you got your ultimate pair. Let's get back to you now. I'm mad, I didn't think of one. How long have you been here for? Since seven a.m. Seven a.m., are you cold? Man, it's not cold. Tell me about what you're wearing today. What are those? Foam runners. The Yeezy Foam Runners? They are. I can't remember where I want them from. I think I want them from Adidas Up. Not gonna pay a resell for them. You won them? Yeah, Raffles. Did you pay to buy them? I did pay, but like, I didn't pay no one to either resell. Ultimate pair of shoes that you wish you could afford? Either they're Shanghai Two SB Dunks or the Uaino Air Force ones. So, how long have you been waiting in line for? 20 minutes around there. Are you a hype beast? No. How many TNs do you have? None. He's got all the TNs. How did you guys get into sneakers? Through Hadi. Hadi, you're the main guy. You're the oldest guy out of everyone. Most experienced, for sure. Who's got the most pair here out of this group? This guy. Are you rich?  Has anyone tried to step on him? Yeah, all of them. All of your homies? Did you bash them? No. I wouldn't bash them. They were stronger than me. I wouldn't bash these kids, but, you know, I'll get in jail. But, you know, we've got the main manager, Miles, here. We're about to open. We're about to open, man. Season two. Season two, back-to-back, and this year's going to be bigger, so we're ready for that. Let's do it, man. Look at this turnout for the VIPs. I know, it's crazy. I'm very happy for the turnout and we sold out a VIP and apparently we have about 4,000 people coming in. Yeah. Not counting the door sale tickets that we're going to do on the day, so it's going to be a great success today. And how many outfits are you wearing today? You will see that, bro. So, we've got the RAC Local Lounge and there's some extra bits in Sneakerland 2.0 that I want to show you. Check this out. Sneakerland 2.0, they've given away three tattoos, like, a real tattoos and let's go get one. Sweet. I'm ready. I'm ready for my arse tattoo. Ready for my arse tattoo. We're good? We're good? We're good? Yeah, yeah, arse tattoo. Straight up. Straight up. What's your tattoo style? Like, is that even a question? Yeah, it's like a mixture of, like, like, American traditional and I love, like, Russian prison tattoos. So, I like to, like, fuse those kind of together and have a crack, the classic kind of, like, look, you know what I mean? That's dope. That's dope. Sweet, sweet. We are out here. How big is this line? It goes all the way around. It's crazy. Let's interview some people in the line and see what they're after. So, we've got here, we've got some Adidas. What sort of sneakers are you hoping to cop? Um, maybe some, like, Nike Air Force. Yeah. The white ones? Yeah. Yeah, the boys, yeah, the boys. What about yourself, sir? I'm mad, I'm just bringing the kids here, then. See, Foam Blush, you even know the names of the sneakers. Tell me the story. Um, I wanted them when we went to Queensland and I wanted them for a long time. We went to Melbourne and we were in Melbourne for half an hour and I'd bought them. All right, what about you? What about you? Belugas. Belugas? And what is your dream pair of shoes? Jordan wants yours. Everybody's, everybody's dream pair. What about you guys? What have you got on your feet? Jordan's? Yeah. Do you like shoes? Yeah. Are you going to ask your dad for more shoes? Yeah, yeah. Did you get it, did you get it into him? Uh, not actually me, the brother. Oh, nice, nice. I'll leave you to it, I'll leave you to it, I'll get you up there. So right now, nobody else is here. Let's have a look at when the people are here. What shoes do you have on? Oh, I have a great fog. I'm Jordan Wands. Have you bought a pair yet? No, I haven't. What have you got on? Gray Max 90s. Max 90s, and what about you, sir? I've got some low riders, mate. They're so good. The Nike Lowe's. Yeah, Lowe's, that's him, mate. What's in the bag? What's in the bag? We can't show what's in the bag just yet, but something's precious. And what's on your feet today? I've got the LA Chicago Jordan ones. They're turning to Chicago's, they used to be LA. I had them for a while, but I like to bid them up. Win the collar up. What's your favorite color shoe? Black or white? I like white. White grapes to be fair. And who's your favorite basketball player? Paul George. Paul George? PG-13. Who you got for the finals? Boston. Yeah, they got that. The first raffle ticket is your seat number 758. If this is you, take your way up to the stage. We've got 158. Harajuku Squad, you're here for Tyler, right? Talk about Harajuku. How did you guys get involved? We were mutuals on Instagram, and I said to him, I was like, hey, can I work with you?  So yeah, that's how I got involved in all this. I started dating him, like, I was actually working for him before I started dating for him. I do graphic design in uni, so then I got interested through it, and we've been mutual friends for a while. And have you met my sister, Kiwi? Yeah, she's great. Oh, her? She answers it, yeah. That's my sister. Yeah, so I'm part of the brand too. OK, got to keep the commission then. Yeah, yeah, yeah. What do you think about sneaker culture? I think it's amazing, yeah. It's insane.  And he's like, I'm thinking about reselling like a couple months. I'm like, you're 11. How are you doing this? Tell me about these shoes.  These are the Balenciaga Track sneakers. I've had this for a while now. They are super, super, super big. Are they comfy? Not at all. Wow. What's your ultimate dream pair that you wish you could buy if you had the money? Maybe the Jordan for M&Ms. Oh, OK. Well, it's the other way to the top. All right. And what about you? I'm actually not like a sneaker person at all. I like, I don't know the name of them, so. I'll give you time. I'll give you time. He's got a footlocker here, part of Sneakerland. They're doing a from the logo, half court shot competition. So that's going to be sick. Let's shoot some hoops. Let's have a look. I am not that great at basketball. I played footy. And I broke my wrist. So I'm just getting the excuses out of the way before I'm trash. See if we can make one. Oh, that counts, surely. There it is. Oh. What's your name? Reagan. Nice to meet you, man. From underlast, by camera electronic. How are you? What's on your feet here? I've got some cobies.  Well, no, we both like our shoes. I'm not sure really who's got more. It doesn't really matter. What about you? How many shoes have you got? I've got over 60 pairs. Really? How many do you normally wear in one week? Like two or three. I'm not really a big rotator. No? I normally try and match the shoes to what else I'm wearing to my top or something like that. So last night, I was wearing an orange shirt, so I wore orange knifes. What's on your feet? I've got the off-way Jordan 4 sales. You know how many people ask me about those today? That that's their dream shoe? How many? Too many. I've actually lost count. How did you get them? So there was a sneaker recently on Instagram. So obviously my size is 100 gas. So it's a 12 women's, which is an uncommon size. So I'm having it up. He had them for $2,000. And like they're normally like $3,500 to $4,000 in my size. So I copped them straight away. For $2,000? For $2,000, yeah. $2,000 shoes. Come on in here and have a look at these. $2,000 sales. When did they come out? 2020. That is a solid cop. Have a lot of people stopped you and said something about? Not really today. Hey, but like when I was in public, I remember the first time I wore them out, I had like random people on the street just like ask me that real stuff. And I was like, you like that? Yeah, I do, but I kind of get scared. I'm going to roll, you know, but it didn't purr. So what brings you to sneakerland? Honestly, mate, I want to say this. I need the sneaker culture. I haven't never got that much shoes. I don't even know what shoes I'm wearing right now. You got the DC somethings. DC somethings, exactly. I need some new style, man. I recently became a comedian and I decided, you know what? Fashion forward, get fashion forward. Fashion forward and then make people up. I love it. How old are you? 16. I love it. And what got you into comedy? Your friend David A. Hughes is one of those. David A. Hughes. Shout out to David A. Hughes, the goat. I love all comedy. Love to make people laugh. Just love it myself. All right, what's on your feet? Air forces, bro. Air forces, what about you? We got, I don't know, black and red, new balance 550s. Dad shoes. Dad shoes, yes, sir, yes, sir. And not yet. Some people call me daddy. What's your all-time favorite pair you wish you could buy? Another black Air Force. What about you? Post some space jams, I can't lie. Yeah. I used to own space jams, but that toe box is too narrow for me. Tell me about 16. So basically we created company and all that, so we give creatives, influencers, artists, a platform that give them the support they need, especially the ones at Perth, to help showcase their vision, showcase their passion. Showcase their black Air Force one. Max, come in, come in. Hey, Max, how are you going? I'm the owner of Unlaced Store. I'm one of his workers. He's been doing the business for about six years now. So, mate, what got you into doing this? Just always had a passion for sneakers all my life, pretty much. And my mum bought me a pair of Air Max ones when I was about 11. And it was a mission to try and get it to buy them for me once we got them. And I was over the moon. And you know, still to this day, I wish I had that pair. And it's just growing my love for sneakers more and more each day.  At the end of the day, I'm 19. Got other people working for me, so I'm just trying to give people opportunities and something they love as well. And it's a big passion of mine. So I'm not too bothered about that. At the start, I used to be real upset by things like that. But because it's a big passion of mine, I'm not too bothered anymore. Your all-time favourite pair of shoes that's maybe a little bit too expensive. What would it be? Not too expensive, somewhat reasonable. They're Atmos MX1s. And that's the pair I was talking about earlier. Come check out Unlacedor on the corner of Hay and William Street. So what brings you to Sneakaland? I like shoes. Same, same, same. And what's on your feet today? The Travis Scott ones, the Mokko ones. Far out. How did you get them? For my birthday from my dad. Oh, shout-outs to dad. And what about you? What's on your feet? The diamonds. I like them, I like them. It's just after one o'clock. It's flowing. People are buying shoes, communicating, interacting with each other, eating behind me, it's pretty fun. There's no dramas, no chaos. Just everybody having a good time and that's what it's all about. Sneakaland culture, it's safe, the parents are involved, the kids are involved with their parents. That's what brings it all together. It's awesome. Let's see what the afternoon brings us. What brings you to Sneakaland? Just have a good time, spend some time with my mates, buy some free shoes. Buy some free shoes?  And what year are you in? Eight. How long have you been connecting sneakers for? Two years. Are you a hype beast? No. You got a vape jumper on? Yeah. That's hype beast. Is it? No, it's all good. What's on your feet today? Jordan one called Purple. How many pairs of sneakers do you have? Personals, probably like 10. That's good for a year, right? That's good for you. Do you have more pairs than your mom? Probably, yeah. And who funds your sneakers? Myself. And what do you do to make the money? Resale. Resale a year, right? That's hustle, that's hustle. What's your all-time favorite pair you wish you could buy today? All-Fight Force. That's hype. Yeah, it is. Sales? Yeah. Whoo, you know they're worth about three, four grand, right? Yeah. Would you wear them to school? Nah, nah, nah, nah. Shout out to my family. Shout out to my cousins. And shout out to Sev. Shout out to Sev. How long have you been following me for? Probably like, since like last year. And what's your favorite video, man? Probably the one when you were doing the look, when you saw those bike boys, yeah. The bikey boys? Yeah, shout out to bike perth people. You got a moustache as well, go on. Are you going to grow it like mine? Yeah, I will, I will, I will. Yeah, for you, yeah. What if a girl told you she doesn't like the moustache? What did you say to her? I'll say. Oh, I'll keep it, I'll keep it, I'll keep it, yeah. Correct. Sure. Just like that. He's a pen lid. My boy Ryan here, I'm one of my best men at my wedding. He couldn't come. The Clovers, the Celtics, he loves the Celtics. The Boss Stone Celtics. For, yeah, I love these, aye. So, Scott, you're probably the toughest looking guy here. How do you feel? Tough. Ultimate favorite pair of shoes, go. Royal ones. I like those, those are my favorite. And the metallic, black metallic vibes. Oh, look at that, I got royal ones on right now. I did see that, I was actually going to put them on and then saw you video this morning.  So, my next best blue pair. The Doc ones, how many pairs do you have? 30 pairs. That's, that's honorable, that's honorable. Ryan, you did it. Hiya. Proxy, good thanks. Yeah, good thanks. Yeah, I'm happy with these, thank you. Are you going to wear them? Yeah, definitely. Are you going to wear them on Saturday? Yeah, Saturday. Game four. What are you wearing today, Tommy? I wear the Halloween dunk. Have you had all the money in the world, which pair could you buy? I don't know. We wouldn't buy one particular pair, just buy like a heap of different pairs. You wouldn't get like Dior's to flex? No, no, no. Love your work. Thank you. What's up, it's your boy, Jacob. I'm here with... Sevo. What are your favorite shoes of all time? All time, the Chicago ones. No, not off-white, just ones. Next question is, the internet's gone crazy over the new Skecher slash Travis Scott collab. We just came out probably like a week ago. They're gone for like 1500 right now. What are your thoughts on them? For me, Travis Scott over hype now, especially with all the things that happen in the concert and all that stuff. I mean, if you like to shoot, if you like the artist, you like the artist. If it's a collab that you like, then cop it. Thoughts on these. Okay, now this is different. I don't know how this would work. This is Angco for fuck's sake.  You have been trod. Is that... I was gonna say. I was gonna say. I was gonna say. I was like, no, no, sure. The built-in air conditioner. I think for me, I looked at this bit and I'm like...  I was like, that was done today. Snakeland 2.0 in the books. How are your boys feeling? Feeling great. Success, record, bigger and better. PB. Amazing, amazing. Bigger and better than last time. Couldn't be better than this to be honest. I'm so happy. I just, no words. Snakeland 3.0. Melbourne. And Melbourne. Melbourne, we're coming for you. November, stay tuned. Breaking news, breaking news. You coming? I'm gonna be there. This is the first time we're saying about Melbourne. So we're breaking it at a stable show. So this is the first time we're saying. And now we're just going on break, letting it all rest. Break? Nah, man. We're not going on break. Now we're going ruffling the Zoo Fly signed by Virgil Abloh. So yeah, man, there's no break. We're not, there's no break until midnight tonight. All right, love you work, guys. Love you work, love you work. See you soon. Follow Sev's pics on TikTok. And Instagram. And YouTube.


And also, I think it's important for us to sort of say to people who are non-Muslims that you cannot judge Islam on what Muslims do. You have to look at what Islam is. Yes. You know, there's a friend of mine who always says that Islam is the most beautiful religion, but the Muslims seem to be the worst people. And that's really sad. That does make sense, actually. Yeah, that's, it's really bad on our part, really. Because, you know, we've just been given this amazing gift and like, we don't appreciate it. You know, it really, it reminds you of the verse from the Holy Quran. Which of the law, which are the favours of your law do you deny? Like, we're denying everything as such.


Hey guys, welcome back to come again collectibles today. We're taking a look at the nano Hollywood rides collectors die-cast series From Jada This is back to the future back to the future to and back to the future three Time machines as you can see this is for ages three and up And as you can tell these are miniature Hmm Back to the future time machines very reminiscent of the micro machines of the day Real quick real quick. I will show you a comparison between These and a standard hot wheels Delorean time machine It can the hot wheels can pretty much cover up all three of them for the most part So let's go ahead and move that back out of the way Warning choking hazard small parts not for children under three years as you can see here There's the nano Hollywood rides logo the Jada logo back to the future Again, we have the back to the future time machine back to the future to time machine and back to the future three time machine on the back As you can see here, it was made in China From Universal Studios. You can get ahold of them on Facebook and Instagram 2019 Jada toys My wife just found these at Walmart today It was the only package they had she knows I like to collect Delorean time machines So let's go and open this up We'll take a look At the Delorean time machines from back to the future back to the future to and back to the future three I may actually keep this portion Maybe I'll keep this whole thing Putting back in inches like that so that I don't lose them or maybe I'll just have it like this Maybe I'll glue this on here and just display them like that Something like that. I don't know. We'll see There you have this piece comes off As you can see here, we'll go and set this over here and Let me grab my other ones to compare them to all right. So first things first We have the time machine from back to the future Let's go ahead and take it out of here. There's a side view Here's the Hot Wheels one Very similar Down to the wheels really Here's a top view The only difference really is the color of the engine This engine's black this one's gray and the windows this one's black. These are clear clear blue kind of Move this out of the way and as you can see they do have that same metallic paint gray metallic paint scheme, sorry about that guys my Daughter had a question for me But there you have it There's As you can see There's the engine Kind of hard to see on camera That's a better view right there There's the underside Jaded toys incorporated time machine And the serial number very cool Go ahead and set that back in there Now let's take a look at time machine to from back to the future to If I can get it out of here Actually, no, this is the still the time machine one No women. I was right. It's the time machine to Only this one is a little harder to get out of the package and The main difference with this one is that it's in hover mode, but it does have wheels on the bottom So it looks like it's hovering you can have it set on there now We'll compare that to the hot wheels time machine to It is not in hover mode. I have not been able to find one in hover mode So I'll just keep trying to find them as you can see the main difference here clear windshield the engine here is gray while the fusion What's it called? I forget the name of it. I forget the name of it It'll come back to me when I'm not thinking about it but the fusion generator from the Second movie is white on this one. Whereas on this one It's the same color as the rest of the engine. It's black. It is there as you can see However, this part this hose here is blue rather on this one. It's the same color as the rest of the rest of the car There's the wheels the hubs aren't painted on this when it's in hover mode But yeah, it's pretty cool that I finally got a Time machine in hover mode. It's cool. Even if it is Micro machine size There's that one We're gonna go ahead and take a look at the time machine from the third movie Once again, if I can get it out Without damaging the plastic had to push it out, but didn't damage the plastic too much There it is and we'll compare it to Hot Wheels version as you can see the Part on the front is painted on the Hollywood rides nano version on the Hot Wheels version. It is not Also on the Hot Wheels version the mr. Fusion See I remembered the mr. Fusion is once again painted white while the mr. Fusion on This one is the same color as the rest of the engine black Now another one of the main differences Between the two is on the Hot Wheels version. It has the white wall tires like it's supposed to but on the Hollywood rides version it has Red rims Looks like Which is accurate, but it does not have the white wall tires Which is disappointing? I can understand why it doesn't have the white wall tires, but they could have They could they I think they could have painted the tires white And it rolls around fairly well not as smoothly as the Hot Wheels version But still Fairly well. Let's go ahead and get the other two back out compare them all right that one rolls around just as Well as the third and third one rolls around a little bit better the hover from two Rolls around a little bit better than the other two. So there you have it guys We have the back to the future DeLorean time machine from back to the future back to the future 2 and Back to the future 3 brought to you by Jada Nano Hollywood rides and we compared them to the DeLorean time machine For more videos just like the one you just watched. I'm Shane, and if you're coming to get on TV the only place on YouTube We're all take care Geeks


So today's talk is about taming infrastructure workflow at scale. And this talk kind of walks you through of what has changed, uh, since, you know, I guess maybe 30 years ago since the mainframes and then talks about what, where we are today. And, uh, there's live demos at the end. So there's actually like three or four live demos, uh, which we'll see, you know, if the demo gods are with me at the conference, wifi holds up, everything works perfectly fine as I rehearsed last night at three AM, it'd be good to go, right? That's, that's kind of the, the goal here. So I'll keep looking at different people in the room to kind of figure out whether I'm doing well. If I'm not doing well, then I'll just close my laptop and leave if that's okay as well. And that, that, that did, that joke did not fly. Really? I rehearsed it so well. Why didn't it fly? Okay. It's a bit about me. Uh, my name is Annuba Mishra. I'm the technical advisor to the CTO at Hashi Corp. Uh, my background is in software engineering and then, um, the last five years have been SI in operations. And now as this really overloaded title, I get to work on a lot of open source, uh, open source technologies. Uh, my Twitter handle is build 1.0. It's very creative. Uh, I came, I was in the shower and that's when I came up with this. So just some intimate detail about that. I do not live here. I live in Vancouver, BC in Canada. I moved there eight years ago. I miss India a lot. And this is my first, uh, conference in India, which I'm really excited to speak at. I've spoken at many different conferences, uh, but this one's a bit special because I think, um, I really wanted to do root com for a while. I think Xana, who's the organizer and thanks to her for putting up this conference, um, I think contacted me many years ago and I couldn't make it. So this year, hopefully we can, we can make this work if you are with me. So I live in Vancouver, which is also called rain cover because it rains pretty much like maybe like eight months a year. So with this shirt, I'm making up for this, you know, the gloomy weather. All those six months of like rain, I'm making up with this like really nice flowery shirt being on stage here. Uh, so I love open source. Uh, I have built a bunch of open source tools, uh, the ones that people might know is one of the tools called Atlantis, uh, which was built, uh, by me when I was at Hootsuite, this helps you kind of collaborate on infrastructure as code using Terraform. I also work in the Kubernetes community a lot. I speak at multiple conferences, cube cons and things like that. Uh, but the code contributions are, uh, in the vault, um, in the security area, so, uh, around the CSI interface, the container storage interface. I've built, uh, some of the integrations there. I'm also a provider maintainer for virtual kubelet. I'm more recently working on dapper, which is a project open source by Microsoft. Uh, it helps you kind of build my distributor, microservices and the cloud and the edge. And then you might recognize my voice from the Hashicast podcast. If you don't listen to it, subscribe today. This is my shameless plug. And this is like the best podcast you'll hear my voice.  I'm also writing a book on security. It's coming out next year. Um, I, I was too bored with my life. So I decided to do a book as well, uh, do not write a book. That's, that's my advice. Do not write a book. That's, that's the key advice I can get. All right. So I work for Hashicarp. Who here knows, uh, about Hashicarp as a company, I guess. You might know the tools. We're also the sponsors for this conference, uh, just a plug there. So here's the six, six open source projects that we built. We are an open source company. Uh, we build tools that help you deliver application software, uh, to production from like the first line of code all the way up. Uh, I'll just name the tools and, uh, kind of talk about a bit, small snippet on what they're about and has some of them have, have something to do with the talk, but most of them don't. Uh, so Vigrid, it's, it, this is our developer environment tool. Helps you kind of build developer environments and share them. And then Packer is a server image builder or I guess machine image builder. It helps you build machine images for Amazon, Google, any club provider. Terraform, which is today's talk, uh, a lot of today's talk is Terraform and this is an infrastructure as code tool. Vault is a security tool. Helps you kind of manage a secure, uh, secure secret centrally. And then you have Nomad, which is akin to Kubernetes. It's just a cluster scheduler. It's not as elaborate as Kubernetes, but it's just focuses on scheduling then console, which is a service mesh. It helps you kind of connect different applications together. And this is how they look like when you think about provisioning, you see Terraform. When you think about security, you see vault. Connect console run Nomad. This was the shameless black slide. All right. Now to the talk. Okay. So now I want to start with, uh, where it all began. This is like around 30 years ago when we had, uh, the, the era of mainframes. I don't know how many of you remember, but I've dealt with mainframes, even though I'm young, I know, even though I have gray hair that kind of gives, it's very confusing for people. They look at my gray hair, then look at my face. Like, how old is he? You know, like they, they always, always curious, but yeah, I have dealt with mainframes in my lifetime. Unfortunately. Uh, but yeah, this was the kind of the era of mainframes 30 years ago when one machine would do one thing really well, um, and you know, it was very efficient at the doing that one thing. And then you would have multiple mainframes. We did different types of things. Uh, and these are really big and loud and might be in a basement or a closet or something like that. Uh, then 20 years ago, what happened is this, you know, we wanted to do more things, right? We wanted to do more, more with our compute. So we added a different, added a few more servers, but the servers became smaller. So they became smaller and leaner. Um, I think the same amount of, uh, in terms of like loudness, the same amount of loudness, but they definitely became smaller. So it was easier to rack them up and you had to figure out cooling, networking, routing, all that stuff had to be done. So that's kind of 20 years ago. And this is the era where like Dell dominated this space, right? You probably know this, uh, with blade servers and things like that. And then there was the rise of the higher level web programming languages like Ruby, you know, Python, we all recognize this more recently, no JS and things like that. Uh, what was interesting here is that we started running, you know, prior to this, we were mapping one application with one server, but then with the higher programming languages, the web programming languages, we started mapping multiple applications on the same box. So we would do a Ruby application alongside PHP or you would do a Python, uh, you know, Python application with another Python application using things like virtual M or something like that. This is not far, it doesn't feel that far out, but it's still, it's still, uh, it's still, you know, used in, in the industry. And then what happened is we entered this around 10 years ago, the, with the era of like the fight, the hypervisor war. I don't know if you remember this. This is like hyper V versus a V inverse. Yes. Excess sigh. Yeah. Thanks. Thanks for pronouncing that. Do you want to do the talk as well? I can do it. What I mean, I'm just kidding. I'm just kidding. But yeah, like, but, but yeah. So this, the, the hypervisor waters, right? What came out of it was virtual machines, which was, I think very, very important for our era as well. Um, with the idea here was that you would get something that's a kind of a built artifact of your application within hours and you would deploy it, uh, on, on a bunch of machines and, you know, they would co locate different applications together, but isolate them with that OS boundary and that was fine with us. Uh, but they, they were hypervised PMs. They weren't running on bare metal, but this was good enough, you know, we went from like a mainframe to this, we were really happy. Then came these things, right? These things that, you know, I'm, I see, I immediately saw some people like, oh my God, he's going to talk about containers. No, as a container is, you know, you have like darkened rocket, right? These are the, these are the, the kind of the technologies that, you know, that have dominated in the, in the past, maybe like five years or so and they've come mainframe, they've come mainstream, especially Docker, right? Um, unfortunately, more recently, I think they got acquired by Berantis or something. This is interesting. Uh, but in, in terms of virtual, what came out of that was these containers. Again, we get this artifact that was deliverable, but this was within seconds, you could kind of have, uh, an application running, which is pretty awesome. But then your, your data centers look like this. You had some virtual machines, you had some containers running somewhere, uh, initially, people just started using just Docker daemons, then they moved to Swarm that Mezos and Kubernetes, then, you know, different types of, you know, serverless technologies and things like that. But slowly we're like, you know, the data center does not look that simple, right? Then of course, the, the, the rise of Kubernetes that we all have witnessed in the past three or four years. Again, it becoming mainstream. So there's Kubernetes running alongside VMs, alongside containers and other things. And then if you're running in the cloud, you intend on using the cloud providers API. So you end up using, like, you know, for example, you might use a database that's managed RDS on Amazon. You might use, uh, Azure's Cosmos DB, you might use, uh, Google Spanner. And these are all managed database services that, that are kind of available today in the cloud. That's also part of your stack now. You might be using a managed DNS service.  There's so many, right? Like the Google has Cloud Run, ACI, there's so many, so many of those. So now this data center is looking very interesting. So you went from like very something very simple to this like mix of like, like almost like a heterogeneous set of things. And then you can't really reason, holistically reason about the system anymore.  You have to write it somewhere because this is getting too complicated, right? So, and to make matters worse, some companies run multiple of these data centers. So imagine like now this is getting very, very interesting. And this is realistic, right? Like you have companies that run 10 to 15 to 18 data centers around the world, which looks similar, that have the same type of stack. They might, you know, one stack might be more data, data oriented or like more stateful and the other will be more stateless. But still this is as much the complexity is kind of rising, right?   So it's tricky to kind of navigate this through this landscape. So now let's talk about the workflow, right? What has changed in the workflow so far? Am I going too fast? Oh, it's fine. Let me know if I'm going, you should tell me because you can, you can do the talk as well.  I'll let you, I'll let you on stage. So here's, here's the kind of the workflow, right? First, we had to actually place an order for two to buy.  It would take eight months to get to your place. You'd have to unpack it, then rack it, right? This used to be the thing. This used to be a process, right? Then the data center operations team, DC OS, no, DC ops, DC ops, that DC OS is mesosphere. I'm sorry, I don't know why I said that. DC ops people, they are the ones that actually like, you know, would stack the servers up, would install the first operating system, install maybe some routes and things like that to access them and then hand them over to people that are in the kind of the system admins or IT administrator that will install VMware and then get, get it up and running. And this whole process took about six to eight months. And these estimates are industry-wide. This is a kind of an average, you can say, moving average. So for the software developers, it became interesting. They had to have eight months, leave it always. We're going to do this new application. Okay, eight months before you have to plan everything and it worked for, for a long time. You know, and today things aren't the same. So what does buying look like today? You just sign up for a cloud provider. It takes you two minutes, right? You get all the compute that you want, which is pretty amazing. Yes, you don't have control over it, but you still get compute to deliver your applications, right? What does provisioning look like? Here's where I think a lot of innovation has happened. I think with, with config management, a lot of tools like Chef, Puppet, Ansible, SaltStack, you name it.  And then they would get the machine ready within hours. And this was really, you know, really big, based on like the estimates that we had before. And then you, when it comes to updating and destroying anything, this is very interesting.    But, you know, this could happen, right? And the, the idea here is that, you know, now within seconds we can deprecate anything you want, which is pretty cool. Right. And so this is the world we're living in presently. But in terms of the makeup of the whole software delivery pipeline, there's all these other things like you need Jenkins, you need some form of CI system, you need a VCS provider, GitHub, GitHub Enterprise, GitLab, BitPocket. You need some form of platform like Kubernetes, Amazos or something like that. And then all of these things come together to give you, give you what you want. But all these things need to be managed as well. It's not like, yes, you can pay for the service and buy it. But you still need to manage like what gets on it. How does it get on it? How do you define those configuration and things like that? So it's not as straightforward. So one of the most prevalent, you know, workflows, I what I name it is CWD, it is like CDW is that the console driven workflow, which has been very popular in startups and mid-sized companies. I did this, by the way. So this is point and click. You do everything point and click no bash strip, nothing, no, no, no touching the code. So this is the world famous Amazon UI, which you probably see, I'll move here.  So in order to launch an instance, you go launch an instance, you select and a server image, like your bunter or something, then you say, OK, security group rules. Oh, who cares about that? Open 22 to the world, open 80 to the world, 443 to the world, and you launch the instance. Who cares about that? Right.   And then finally the machine's ready, right? This is how we install stuff. And this is not repeatable, by the way, none of this thing is repeatable. So now let's say your startup becomes that 1% that's successful, that has those millions of users and things like that.  Now, what do we do now? Right. So then they use this amazing cloud provider feature called launch more like this. All you have to do is click launch more like this and you get replicas of the same box.  Is this live streamed? Oh, no, this is not good. OK, so either way, so the ideas to launch more like this and then by the time you reach the 50th server, it looks completely different from the first server, right? Like it's just completely different. And that's how the kind of the world is in this in this era, right?  And then, you know, you launch it and which is great, you know, it works out, it works up to a certain scale.  Then you're like, OK, now what after 1000 lines is really hard to find, add new feature or anything like that. Amazon releases a new feature.  It becomes really difficult to scale these things, right? So when I came to the industry, I was really confused. I was like what is going on, man? Like I'm writing these like plural scripts or managing them at least. And I'm like working on these like point click deployment thing. And then our company is hitting these hyperscale like how do I deal with this stuff, right? And it becomes challenging, right? So why did all this become so complicated so quickly, right? The main thing was that we needed to deliver applications really fast, like the rapid pace of delivery is one of the criteria. The second thing is we wanted to do it at scale. And the problem right now is that a lot of startups when they launch, they want that Google scale right away. I don't know why they think that immediately they'll hit that, you know, 100 million users or whatever. But it doesn't work like that. But they need it and that's a requirement and that's why they choose the cloud and so on. And that's fine if they feel that that's the case. But I think you can still build realistic solutions, you know, and then build upon them if you if the foundation is okay. So what can be an ideal workflow? The whole talk is about this workflow thing. What would be an ideal workflow? And this is where I'll give an example of a bunch of things that we have learned as a company at HashiCode. So describe everything in code. That's key even infrastructure code. So we've been so successful with software for so many years. Why not bring that to infrastructure as well and write everything in code. Once it's in code, you get to steal everything. You get to steal everything from software engineering that we've learned over the past, you know, 25, 30 years, you know, including version control ability to share the code in your organization, make libraries out of them, make predictable changes and you'll see how and then also do fast provisioning analysis to talk about like how that plays into this whole, you know, kind of criteria. Some of the questions that we as a company asked at HashiCode before we created tools around this is that how do we provision resources amongst compute networking and storage? How do we manage the lifecycle? It's not it's not good enough to just create things and leave them, right? Like they'll get modified, they'll get involved, you know, you acquire companies, then you'll have to figure out how to interface with them. And you know, all those things are real challenges for enterprises and mid-sized companies. And then also deprecate them once the service is, you know, done its life, you know, a new service comes by and replaces the old service. How do you deprecate things properly? And then also enforce policies. This is really important, not for startups. You can still do your thing, you know, just have access, fruit access to everyone. But as you go to enterprises, yeah, it becomes difficult, right? Like when I say enterprise, okay, I should use, I should clarify here. So what I mean by enterprises is a large organization like let's say with 10,000 people or something like that and above. So yeah, that's when you kind of, you know, you have to do sock to compliance and ISO and stuff like that. You need to make sure that that's all, you know, good to go and you have audit trial trails and things like that. And also share stuff. Of course, we need to share all the code. We don't need to write it every time we do new things, things like that. Okay, so here's where I'll give an example. I'll use Terraform as an example throughout the talk. This is an open source tool, of course. I want to make sure this does not come out to be a vendor pitch. So here's the, here's the thing. This, most of these things that I'm talking about can be used with other tools as well that are in the space. And the key here is to kind of show realistic examples. So that's why I think Terraform has been very prevalent for the last two or three years. So we have a lot of good interesting stories. So I want to share them. So who here knows about Terraform already? Okay, so I'll go faster. The first few slides a little bit, a little bit to kind of give context about Terraform itself. So the goal of Terraform is here to kind of create a unified workflow. And when I mean unified is that you should predictably change things over time. And then iterate over infrastructure safely. So you need to iterate over infrastructure, make predictable changes. You can't just, you know, change a security group and wait for how what, you know, if the customer call me or, you know, stuff like that, we don't want that, right? We want predictable changes. And also the capacity to provision or the capability to provision anywhere. And when I mean anywhere, when we created a tool, we weren't biased towards Amazon or Google or Azure. We wanted to create a tool that's pluggable so you can actually provision anything anywhere. Even open stack. So here's the syntax that we used to kind of, you know, do that. This could be anything. This could be JSON, YAML, whatever you want to write. But the idea here is that with Terraform you get HCL and it's also JSON compatible. But here's the language, right? The language has an idea of a resource and a type and a name and then a bunch of attributes for it, right? So this is a more realistic example. So here I have Azure Virtual Machine, which is called Web here and has a bunch of storage image references. This is real code, by the way. So you might be running Ubuntu 16.04. I know 18.04 is out. I know. I'm just still using an old example. And then you define things like the Ubuntu server and stuff. But then these specifications are given by Azure themselves. So you're not abstracting the whole server away and it becomes interesting how when you start doing that because you have to predict things. And you don't want to predict things. You want to make declarative changes rather than anatomic changes rather than kind of predicting things on the fly here. So on the Amazon side, it actually becomes very simple. You just provide an Amazon AMI ID or AMI. I don't know what you call it. I'm on the AMI cult. I represent AMI cult. I have a t-shirt that says only AMI. That's how it's pronounced. That's kind of the idea. So here's the kind of a realistic example of an Amazon instance, right? So it's pretty straightforward. This is how you kind of, it's very readable. This is where it gets interesting. So now I have two different resources. So I have a resource which is an Azure public IP address, which I'm defining, which is just an elastic IP in Amazon. And then what I'm doing is I'm using DNS simple that has nothing to do with Azure at all, but I'm referencing that public IP address in the config right there. So now what I've done is something really amazing. In the background, what has happened is Terraform creates a cyclic digraph and then it figures out all the dependencies and how they depend on each other. So when it comes time to execute and create things, it's intelligently automatically figuring out, okay, I need to create the IP address first and then create the DNS record because it's only available once that's created. So this is not done by you. You're not explicitly saying this resource depend on this resource. A lot of tools have to explicitly say like, create that and then you have to do the logic. No, you just write code and then let Terraform figure out the graph and execute it for you. And I'll try to execute things in parallel as much as possible. That's kind of the idea here. And then you can do this with other CDN providers. We have multiple CDN provider support. You can do things like GitHub memberships and this is interesting. This is what we use at HashiCorp and a bunch of other big Fortune 500 companies use this. So the idea here is to kind of give GitHub membership when you join using code. So you would create a pull request for a GitHub, so a new user joins the company, creates the pull request and then they're able to kind of, someone's able to prove, see through the permissions that they want, approve it and then actually do permissions using code and get access to the organization. And this could be to other systems as well but this is just one of the core systems I guess the VCS system. So this gives you kind of that audit trail that you need when it comes to enterprise audiences and things like that. So Terraform as people know is the stuff binary that you download and you run but in the background I'm going to kind of talk about how it works, right? So Terraform has a core which basically has three main things, three main packages. Once the config parser, config parser package and once the DAG which is this graph that I was talking about and once the schema which allows for pluggable kind of media between core and some plugins and I'll talk about how. So config parser just parses the config has no idea what provider, what's going on, nothing. The DAG is just a basically graph of resources. Again, it doesn't matter what cloud provider you're talking about and schema is that extension to do plugins, right? So plugins is where all the most of kind of this like cloud provider logic or like CDN service logic lies. So these providers are the ones that scale Terraform to kind of infinite possibilities. And so the plugins talk to the core and the core has no idea you're talking to AWS, the plugins doing all the work there. And then provisioners that like to like do run mass scripts or run Chef or run Papier or Ansible or whatever. That's kind of the idea here. So they're two different things. They used to be one thing before but now they're two different things. So in terms of kind of the providers we have support for like a lot. I couldn't fit them in this, oh sorry. I couldn't fit them in this slide. There's around hundreds. Like I couldn't even get the exact number because it's way too many now. But the reason why that's the case is because Terraform allows you to create a provider for anything, any API that has crowd support which is create, read, update and destroy. That's kind of the idea. So any API that implements these four functions you can write a provider for. So for example, if you're running OpenStack in private data centers you have a custom pass that does things to you. You can actually extend that pass and create a provider and then start using infrastructure as code directly using Terraform if you like. That's kind of the provider interface. And then the idea here is to describe things in text files, make the configuration human friendly. But we do support JSON and we're 100% JSON compatible and there's a reason for this. So when we initially launched Terraform, this was like 01 or 02, I think a lot of users gave us feedback as like, it's great that we can write these configuration ourselves. We love the syntax. But the problem is that a lot of us generate our infrastructure config using Python or Ruby and HCL is not good to work with when it comes to like a machine parsing it. So that's where JSON comes into mind. So you can write JSON, you can generate JSON, Terraform will consume the JSON and then match it up and do your infrastructure operations and it's 100% compatible going forward as well. And yeah, you get the benefit of storing with any VCS provider, get SVN if you're, I don't know, Perforce if you're unlucky and you use Perforce. And then you can track your history throughout as it evolves basically. Okay, so in terms of usage, this is not that useful slide, but there's like 4,000 so contributors, they get like 300,000 downloads a month, some million, two million or something like the three million a year. And then bunch of modules that you'll see in the next few slides, it's not that important. So the goal was to kind of do this, right? So now let's talk about safety, how do we solve safety? So the safety is solved by two different distinct phases, the plan phase and the apply phase. So the plan is kind of give you an idea of what's gonna happen before it actually happens. So here's a simple, it's fine if you can't read it at the back, it's a bunch of infrastructure code that we never care about, it's okay. So this is a public IP, a network interface in Azure, virtual machine and a DNS simple record. I'm mixing and matching here. I'm creating kind of a virtual machine and has like a network interface that has an IP and that IP has a DNS record. That's kind of the way to visualize this. So this is a very simple Terraform config, it's a working config. So what happens here is if you wanna kind of make changes and create these things, I'll run a Terraform plan and then the plan will show you what's gonna happen before it actually happens. And yes, I said it, I'm the speaker, I can quote myself. This is the privilege that I have. So now all you have to do is tweet about this quote that I said and I'm just saying don't tweet about it, it'll be very embarrassing. So the idea is that the plan shows you something like this, so it shows you like what's being added. So in this case, we are adding four resources. As you can see the addition sign here, we're adding a DNS record, virtual machine, network interface, public IP address. So if we are destroying things, you'll see a minus and if you're changing things, you'll see a tilde sign. But now the cool thing with this plan is that this plan, you can save it out in a file and you can share it in your organization.  And once they do give you a thumbs up, you can apply, go around Terraform apply and Terraform will create these resources for you. So before you do anything, so the plan operations only does reads, it doesn't do any changes to anything, it just reads what's out there, reads what it knows about and then does it diff and gives you an idea of what's gonna happen. So that's kind of the predictability. So before how did we do this, right? This is the question I always ask, well, how did we do this before?  So there was no idea of predicting changes before. There would be some idea, but I think it was not that definitive. Now we can actually see things in text and it's nice. Okay, so Terraform also has Terraform state which allows you to map real world resources to your configuration. So let's say you create an Azure virtual machine in the previous example. Terraform will basically come once it's created, commit it to its state and then manage the lifecycle of it, so kind of track it as it goes through from being created to modify it to destroy it and things like that. Okay, so now I'll go quick, is there only 14 minutes left? Okay, I'll be quick now. So Terraform state looks like this. The idea here is that we can store this somewhere. So usually you store it in a file or a storage bucket or something like that. And here's how it looks, but it gives you an idea of how things are dependent on each other. You can actually generate graphs in Terraform. I'll show you in a bit if I have time. Okay, so the state organization, this is where it becomes super effective. So you're able to kind of share the state in your organization. So let's say operations people manage the networking state and then they can share that networking state out to a service creator, a developer who's running like creating full or bar services. And then what can happen here is that they can only expose things that they want to. For example, they can expose the VPC ID or ACLs and things like that. And then the developers can actually switch between these states really easily using workspaces and we don't need to get into that. I'll go quick now. Okay, collaboration, collaboration is key here. So we need to share code. Therefore modules allow you to do that. It's kind of a way of like sharing libraries. You can look at it sharing libraries and kind of hide the complexity of the infrastructure in a way. So here's that same example again. So instead of using like literally like all the, you know, kind of providing every single bit, what I'll do is I'll change a few of these into variables and then this whole configuration becomes a module and the module allow you kind of just hide that complexity. So you can share this like a web server module in your organization and then they can use that to kind of create it directly without knowing what the intricacies of like Azure is, right? Which is pretty nice to make itself served.  How does this enable the D word? The idea here is that you do, you know, operations engineers will create these modules, right? And publish them and software engineers will consume them and create servers. That's kind of the simple idea there in terms of an organization. One important thing modules have versioning so you can actually, you know, have certain, you know, people use a certain version of the module and then when the operations team releases a new version with let's say, you know, the web server now has an elastic IP, you can kind of push that changes out to teams and ask the teams, hey, like do this, you know, this is how you should upgrade and things like that. So all of a sudden you don't just get, start breaking changes across the organization, which is nice. So this becomes really popular. A lot of companies have thousands of modules and it becomes so popular that like you have to figure out how to share and kind of structure the modules. So you have something called the core modules like VPC, networks, security groups, maybe network ACLs, anything that's core to your infrastructure and that's written by operations. Then you have service modules that like for example, the Java, you know, web, Java microservice, you know, module that gives you a Java web server that could use the core modules and then the service platform engineers can create these modules. And then you have set up consumers that just use it, you know, trusting that everyone up ahead has done their work basically, that's kind of the idea. Okay, now to the demo, I know I have less time. So this is a lot to go through. I have amazing demos by the way. So if these work, you have to clap. Like I'm serious, you have to clap. This is, I've spent like a lot of time on this stuff. Three, four hours last night till 3 a.m. That's the time I've spent on it. So I apologize. So here you see, I'll open source all the code and also open source the slides. So you don't need to take pictures or notes or anything like that. So here's a project I have called infrastructure. It has a few things here. Ignore the typos. Okay, so here's the first project, the networking thing that I was saying, the core module, the core project.  So I'm using, I'm using, let me actually use code. Visual Studio Code. Microsoft will be happy with me. Here we go. Okay, so if, I hope you can all see that. But here like there's this module. I'm providing the Amazon provider, but I'm creating this module called VPC and I'm using a source for the module. So once these modules are published, they look something like this. So in your GitHub, they might look something like this. You might have a module for VPC, one for web server, one for route, route 53 or something. And the modules have set of inputs and outputs. So in this case, let's see the inputs and outputs here. You don't have to use the Terraform registry, you can just use GitHub, but I'm just showing it's nicer output.  I'll go quick, this is not relevant. But yeah, here's kind of some of the definitions that you need to provide. And VPCs are complex and I'll show you how complex they are. But you all need to provide in this case is the private subnets, the public subnets using variables. I can show you those. They're here, right here. Just the cider blocks for them. And then providing things like tags and stuff like that. That's it. And once you do that, you can create them. I've already pre-created this VPC because of the time I knew I would be rushing at the end. So I won't run a plan. What I'll do is show you the graph, right? I think that's more interesting. So I'll do a Terraform graph and this is gonna be horrible. I'll save it in a file. This takes a few seconds if it works correctly because it's quite a big interesting set of resources and you'll see why. Okay, so graph is ready. I'll just open this up in code. I'll copy this and I'll paste this in this. Oh no, I'm giving away all the, okay. There we go, found it. I'll generate the graph. So this is digraph that you can kind of actually generate PNGs out of. So here's how it looks like, okay. And this is, oh my God. Let me zoom out. I won't be able to fit it in this screen. Okay, let me just go back. So yeah, it's very complex. Like you can see there's a bunch of stuff in it. But the idea here is that I did not need to generate this graph. I did not need to put it in my head, right? I need to just use the Terraform graph command and maybe generate a PNG and commit it to a Git if I wanted to. You can totally automate this thing. And you see an evolving graph over time of infrastructure, which is pretty cool. So that's kind of the graphing features. So now let's use this networking VPC layer to create a service. So here I have a service called BiCoffee. So my company name is Mishra Corp named after me. Of course, I'm very full of myself. I don't know why. So here's the BiCoffee service, right? So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna import the state of the network layer that I created earlier. And I'll show you the state here. Where is this thing? Yeah, okay. So this is the kind of the state store. So I'll open this, expand this full screen. So here's the kind of the state file here.  But I have a set of outputs that I'm creating that I used for creating these servers. So what I'll do is now import a module which allows me to create a web server. Which allows me to create a web server. This is another module that my ops team has published. So if I go back to my GitHub repo, you'll see this module right here. So that's the module. It has a set of inputs. Oh, I have to show you, sorry. I'm moving too many screens. This is what happens when you're pressed with time. Okay, here. So here's the inputs. Some of the inputs and outputs. So I'm abstracting away a lot of web server logic in AWS. Just think about it like that. So I'm providing, okay, five minutes, okay. So here's the, here's the, so what I need from the user is the release URL of where the binary is for the project and the name and the web server count and things like that. And that's all I really need. And don't worry about this inventory service right now. So, and then I'm creating a DNS entry using my route 53 module as well. So basically I'm creating a two tier application with maybe like 20 lines of code or something which is pretty nice and hiding all the complexity. So if I do that, I can, you can actually visit this service right now. It's the inventory, it's called bycoffee.live-demos.xyz if I wanna go on it. But the inventory service isn't working and that's running in Google. So I'll get it up and running again using the same predictable way. So I can go, I can do a Terraform plan here. This is my another project. Actually, I'll just go Terraform apply for time. No predictable changes. I just ought to prove it as well. So I don't have to say yes. So this will actually create the inventory service running in Kubernetes. And I'll quickly show you while this is creating. I'll quickly show you the service here. Hopefully show you what is this thing. Google Kubernetes bycoffee inventory. So yeah, this is a Kubernetes deployment actually. Again, I'm using, you know, the same syntax, the same workflow, but on a different platform.  So yeah, that created the service. So now if I go here, I'll see some of the coffees lined up, which is nice. This is cross clouds. So the servers are running in AWS. The inventory service is running Kubernetes in Google and they're connecting right now. They're on the public internet. So you can read everything between them. But the idea is to kind of use a VPN or use a service mesh or something to connect them. Okay, I'll move on to the next, the cool part of the demo. All right, this, I need time for this. All right, so let me open this guy here. All right, so let's say what, what if like, we could actually make changes in a way that like, it's beautiful, it's nice. You can collaborate on GitHub. You don't have to leave GitHub basically. So let's actually make trigger a change, right? So let me trigger the networking layer. Okay, so let me open this variables file, edit this and I'll just make fake changes here. So I'll just say, remove bunch of lines and create a branch and propose a file change. So now what will happen is, so far you're like, you're teaching us how to use Git now, hold on a second. Let me, let me get to the point. So as soon as it creates this pull request, what you'll see is there's a plan pending right here at the bottom, right? If you can't see at the back. So there's an Atlantis plan pending. So this is Atlantis working in the background. It's a, it's an application that listens on Git, with Git webhooks and then runs a telephone plan for you and submits the plan back into your GitHub repository. So the plan takes about like maybe like 20, 35 seconds or something, cause it actually calls. It does the same thing that I did on the CLI and then reports back kind of the status of this thing. So the benefit here is, is that you get, you get what you want, like you get the exact, time's up, okay? Just almost done. So you get what you want directly into the GitHub pull request and you see predictable changes on the pull request itself. So here I'm quickly pending and I'll see the file change here. So that's just the space that I added, but this could be a server being added or removed or something like that. And then in here, I hope this plan finishes, man. This is unfortunate. I really wanted to show this. Okay, either way, how about like, I'll do a quick video at the end and then I'll send it out on my Twitter and then you can read it. So yeah, and then the last thing I wanted to say is, I also can make predictable changes in JIRA if you want. So there is a JIRA provider that allows you to kind of create JIRA tickets. So let me open this quickly, quickly, quickly. Sorry, sorry.  I can feel her. Okay, so here's the JIRA provider. So here what I'm doing is actually creating an Amazon instance and adding a JIRA issue. So I know like the predictable, like the audit trail and stuff, a lot of auditors aren't happy with GitHub pull requests. They're like, no, show us a ticket. So what you can do is actually associate the output from a resource into a JIRA ticket and create a JIRA ticket if you want. And that's also totally done using code and you can still use the same workflow. So that's kind of the idea. I know I'm, it's unfortunate that I couldn't finish the demo, but thanks for coming to the talk. I appreciate it. Thank you.


Ddiolch yn fawr, yn ddweud, mae gennym Lif. Yn ymddangos maen nhw'r gweithgol a'r colli Gnatly, dyweddodd yn ddechrau o bach o ddwymodig rai a'r ddweud y gallwn eu cyfnod bobl yn ymddangos bydd yna a'r dweud o'r cyfnod iawn. Mae gennym ni, gallwn i gael astrofysig a'r ddweud yn ddechrau'r rai o bach o gael gossologist a'r gweithio i'r prif. a all of that wonderful stuff. However, after graduation, I had a fair bit of student debt that I needed to pay off. Before I knew it, I was somehow on some reality TV show that took five complete poker beginners and taught them how to play.  So, yn dweud ychydig i'r ffordd, mae mae'r ffordd yn ystafl. Mae'r ffordd yn ystod o'r tanfod ysaig o'r tîm honi gyda'r pwg. Yn 100 o wneud, fynd i'r bwg ffwrdd i'r bwg hwn yn yr oedd yn gweithio. Nid o'r ffordd, mae'n gweithio chi eich gweithio ond mae'n gweithio eu ddiw decynigol o'r llun. Yn ymlaen, mae'r bwg hefyd, mae'n gweithio i'r tîm hwn hwn o'r tîm. Ond yna, mae'n amlwg amdannig ac yn ydydd i'ch gyrioneddol. A gydag yn gyflawni gwybodaeth mwyaf am y ddweud. Mae gennym ni'n wyf meddwl i'r thymau oedd yn ysgol. A mae'n dweud hynny'n amlwg. A o dda'n gweithio'r ffordd, mae'n bywyd i'ch mynd i'ch gweithio i'ch gweithio i'r ddweud yn y ddweud o'r ddweud o poca a'r ddweud o'r ddweud i amlwg ymwy! expressed it and how you can use this type of thinking to Optimise them, because like life poker is also a games of skill and luck. Obviously the luck part comes from the cards that you get dealt is not much you can do about that and then the skill part is about what you choose to do with them. The decisions you make that's obviously the interesting part because poker has so many rational thinking skills that you can use and apply I will find it out every day life. That is a small part of what I am going to talk about now. That is me doing my thing. There I am. The first of these is nuance. Poc is about making predictions under the face of an immense amount of uncertainty. You will have all this conflicting and deliberate misinformation from your opponent. You really can never be certain about anything. You have to become very comfortable with that. Mae'r ddweud yn ysgrifennu i ddwy'r ddiweddol iawn yn y cyffredin a bwysigol ar gyfer amser. Ond rydyn ni'n fawr yn alw, ac yn enwedig i'r ffordd yn ysgrifennu i ddoedd. Rydyn ni'n bwyf yn gweithio yn y dyfodol. A dyna, mae'n digwydd am y cyfnod yn y gweithio i ddweud y gweithfawr yn ddwyfodol. Ond mae'n gweithio i ddweud yn gweithio i ddweud yn y gweithfawr. Ac mae'n gweithio i gweithio i ddweud fath. I can't just get away with going, they're probably bluffing. That's just going to lose me a ton of money because you have to train yourself to think in probability. So usually a poker player will be thinking, oh, I'm 60% or 70% confident. And this again, this sort of quantification applies to so many things in life where you'll become more comfortable in thinking in terms of like expected value of your decisions. And then of course it teaches you about effectiveness and specifically cost effectiveness. Things like return on investments and hourly rates. I'm sure all of you as entrepreneurs think about this stuff a lot. Anything that's required to basically to be a smart investor. And then most importantly of all, poker is about objectivity. It's about finding the objective truth of a situation, not what you want the truth to be. And that's going to be a huge problem because you'll be in situations where you'll have lots of money on the line, a lot of personal ego at stake. And so you can, our minds are incredibly good at coming up with all the reasons to believe that maybe you desperately want to believe that your opponent is bluffing. You'll come up with all the reasons to confirm that idea and not really pay attention to the evidence that they're not. And so it really requires you to understand and master your own mind. Look out for all these biases and especially the unhelpful emotions that can cloud your thinking. So it's really about scientific thinking, about sort of weighing up all the evidence and information you have in order to come to the objective truth. And these are just a few of a plethora of rational thinking skills that I found is taught me that applies to life. And hopefully you will identify with many of these too in your lives as technologists. The thing about rational thinking is that it's not just about making the best decisions to achieve your goals. It's also about figuring out what your goals should be in the first place. And so for me, after a few sort of blissful, very hedonistic years on the poker circuit, I turned 30. And well, oh, we're meant to have sound. Damn. Basically, it's a hamster having an existential crisis. There he is. Yeah, basically, I turned 30. And at the same time, I came across this chart. Some of you might have seen it on the Waitbot Y blog. It's basically this is your life in years. And each one of these dots is a week. So basically, the time you spend at this conference, you'll spend at this conference, is one of these dots. And that seems all right until, well, for me, when I was 30, I realized that this section had already gone. And I just completely began freaking out. And because I was like, is this, you know, is poker just going to be my thing? Is this going to be the legacy on my tombstone that I made some expected value from the guy down the casino? She did a great job at that. No, I wanted to have, I guess, something bigger that I felt I could aspire to. And particularly something that I felt could benefit the world more concretely. And this is also was sort of compounded by the idea that I knew I've been making pretty damn good money. And obviously we look around us and we see there's a lot of big problems going on and people less fortunate. So I felt like maybe there was something I could do if I could give it to the right place. But the trouble is, is that I was very unimpressed with the whole sort of current system, particularly the sort of charity system, because it didn't satisfy either the poker player or the scientist in me. First of all, there was like a huge lack of data and transparency. You know, there's all these different causes and charities buying for your donations. And how did I know which one was best to give my very limited resources, my time and my money, too? And then on top of that, I felt that any sort of act of good that I did, any kind of charitable thing or so on, was always very emotional based where, you know, I would like see some really upsetting ad on the TV of some disaster and I'd get upset and cry a bunch and give some money just sort of and I'd feel a bit better and then that was the end of it. And, well, you know, positive emotions can be a good thing. I knew that they certainly lead to bad outcomes in poker if that's purely what you're used to drive your decision making. And so I suspected that this was probably leading to suboptimal donation behaviour in myself. And then thirdly, I felt like it wasn't really big picture focused enough because it wasn't really objective to ask what are the biggest problems in the world out of all these different problems and which ones should we really be focusing our time on. So, yeah, basically, I was very, very stuck about what to do. And then, fortunately, I came across a sort of group of people, a movement known as effective altruism. And this is essentially the application of scientific and poker thinking to the idea of doing good, whatever good might be. And it's a group of philosophers, technologists, entrepreneurs, scientists, smart people basically who care about the world and the bigger picture and have dedicated their lives to figuring out what are these biggest problems and how do we solve them most effectively. And so this was basically the most inspiring thing I ever came across. And it answered this question inside of me of like what I should be focusing my time on, or at least I felt that this offered a sort of a glimmer of hope of how to figure out what I should be doing. And some of my poker friends felt the same way too, so together we sort of got involved and started an organisation. And today I'm very excited to announce that I have one of these full-time effective altruists here with us. She's simply brilliant. I won't give any more intro than that because she's ensuring herself. Her name is Natalie Cargill and she's going to explain a little bit more about what we're working on. Thank you, Liv. No pressure. So my background is not in science or in poker or anything so glamorous, but in law. This is not actually a picture of me doing my thing because we almost never wear wigs and as you can perhaps tell from the slightly glazed expression this was at my call to the bar ceremony several glasses of wine in. I couldn't find another picture. So I love two things about law in particular.  It really forces you working in unfamiliar areas and difficult topics to think really clearly, to reason really carefully and to express yourself very precisely. And if you don't do that someone will tell you really quickly as I found out during my training several times. And the second thing I love about law is that if you go into the right areas you can actually work on some really big picture questions of ethical or political or social importance. And I'm lucky that the chambers where I'm now a tenant does work on these big questions and public inquiries and inquests etc. So essentially what I was always drawn to was a career where I could work with really thoughtful really smart people on pretty big questions and that's what drew me to effective altruism which I've been involved in for a few years. So as live outlined effective altruism is the intellectual and moral project of finding those actions that will do the most good for the least sacrifice and then the practical project of actually taking those actions which is often harder. There are a couple of things that I think make this project distinctive from other social movements well there are three you can see them. So first of all and I think this is perhaps the most important effective altruism is about maximising the amount of good you do. So often when it comes to various sort of philanthropic endeavours or career choices we ask ourselves is this a good thing to do? Is this a reasonable use of resources? What we should be asking is is this the best plausibly the best use of my next bit of resource whether that's time or money or energy and the answer to those two questions can often be very different. Secondly effective altruism is about using science. So we've seen looking back through history the incredible things that happened when we applied the scientific method to finding the truth we have the scientific revolution we've not really applied the scientific method to finding those actions that do the most good and we should perhaps and the third thing that makes effective altruism distinctive is it's about impartiality so when we talk about making the world a better place doing good etc we want to do that treating everyone equally no matter whether they are socially proximate to us or not whether they're here or far away whether they exist now or in future generations. So that's that's effective altruism in a nutshell but why is it important why is it timely and important now? Essentially because we're living in a really weird time where for the same amount of effort some actions can plausibly do a hundred or a thousand times more good than others which when you think about it is really weird in the environment in which we involve there was no sort of one action that would take a little bit of effort and in some cases result in a thousand times more good but it seems this is the case now. So I just want to give you an example from the charity sector very briefly although actually perhaps what we should be more concerned with is broadly which actions we should take which projects we should work on but the best empirical evidence at the moment might come from the charity sector. So say you wanted to improve the world and you're uncertain about how to do so you could think ah I'll just spread my bets across a broad range of charities and see what happens. I think it's likely that you'd end up wasting almost all of your money if you did that and that almost all of the impact from your donations would come from a very small number of things. So for example it seems plausible that most things people do to try to improve the world don't work which I realise is quite a bold statement for the morning however in oh I'll step away. In 2015 the director of no we're good we're good okay most things don't work as I just said. In 2015 the director of evidence based policy a large foundation reviewed a huge number of rcts of interventions that have been tested and about 75% of them showed no effect or very small effect about 10% of them had a negative effect so plausibly you can just sort of forget three quarters of the things you might have invested in that still leaves another quarter however it's plausible that only a tiny fraction of that will actually do an enormous amount of good just to yeah for example um it's estimated that a charity called the against malaria foundation can create the benefit of one year of extra healthy life for about $100 if you focused on a slightly different area treatment of a particular sarcoma that also occurs in the developing world the same benefit would cost about $50,000 the contrast is more stark if you sort of widen the lens to developed countries some US government departments spend around seven million on safety safety infrastructure for getting the benefit of an extra life saved the most cost effective charities in global health can produce that same benefit for around $3,500 so the broader point is not simply well we should fund this intervention rather than that intervention but that these really really stark differences in effectiveness are possible and this should give us pause and make us think well this is a bit odd maybe we should think really really carefully about the actions that we take so we don't end up wasting most of our potential impact and maybe we should ask ourselves what are the problems that we should be working on in the first place I find this a pretty useful framework for thinking about which problems to work on so it's pretty simple you'll have more impact on a problem the bigger it is the more solvable it is and the more neglected it is um so the bigger it is this is pretty obvious say we want to end factory farming it would be better if we ended factory farming in China rather than in say the Czech Republic because more individuals are affected in terms of solvability we could think of some problems that are really huge such as aging or such as an asteroid hitting the earth and these are enormous in scale but seem relative to other problems less solvable in terms of neglectedness all things being equal we want to work on problems that are relatively neglected because the less time and effort that has already gone into these problems the more likely it'll be that there's low hanging fruit that we can sort of swoop in and take for example climate change is an extremely large problem on a global scale we seem to have reason to think that it's pretty solvable there are things we can do about it however relative to other problems of similar scale for example the risks posed by artificially engineered viruses it is comparatively not neglected so this is just a framework and there are no conclusions built into it and the framework itself is not immutable but a number of researchers over a number of years have converged on some areas that seem really important so for example global health this is in many ways a really messy and complex problem but in others pretty solvable there are things there are diseases that we know how to treat cheaply and if we were to fund those cheap interventions lives would be saved another example factory farming plausibly up to 100 billion animals every year are raised on factory farms in conditions likely to cause them extreme levels of suffering not to mention the effect on the climate on human health on antibiotic resistance etc we know that there are interventions that work and yet last year collectively as humanity we spent more money going to see a film called sausage party which is about an anthropomorphised sausage than we did on all charities working to end factory farming this is a an appallingly neglected problem and then there's a whole sort of bucket of problems related to reducing existential risk that is reducing the chance of an event that could permanently end intelligent life on earth or drastically and permanently curtail its potential a little bit of context on this so this is a graph of GDP per capita over recorded history as you can see for a long time pretty much nothing happened that was really boring everyone was really poor was unthinkable that you could affect things the other side of the country let alone the other side of the world and then something happened anyone what happened yes the industrial revolution potentially the most transformative event in recorded history so it wasn't just GDP that shot up but life expectancy percentage of people living in a democracy and energy capture per person per day basically life got better for most people however what also shot up at that ridiculous rate is war-making capacity as a historian has documented so basically every time we invent a new technology most of the time it goes really well but every time we invent a new technology there's also the risk that this is the one that has more destructive power than we're ready to handle and if we look back over the last century we see exactly this we see it in the number of nuclear weapons that we have on hair trigger alert if you want to be terrified look up the wikipedia page on nuclear near misses it's long we may have just been lucky we also see potential risks posed by extreme climate change if the climate warms by more than 10 degrees it's game over and looking forward we should expect to see this pattern continue as we develop new technologies for example it seems plausible that in the coming decades we are going to be able to engineer a virus that is as contagious as the flu as deadly as Ebola and has a long incubation period so it can spread around the world before we have a chance to react also a number of experts are concerned that artificial general intelligence seems to be something that's going to be happening in the next few decades and the task of aligning the goals of a super intelligent general intelligence with human goals may not be as easy as it seems and there are things we can do about this now so um there's a lot to do funding hasn't caught up um we donated over 400 billion last year less than 1 billion of that went to pandemic preparedness oh wrong side and pandemic preparedness was one of the most well funded in these pressing problems so we clearly sort of haven't caught up to the nature of the challenges we're facing but i'm not here predominantly to talk about funding i'd also like to talk about talent and to ask for your help we're really just at the beginning of this intellectual project and there's so much more intellectual ground to break and so many more actions that we need to take and projects we need to start there are fundamental questions about what is the value of the future why do we think it's going to be positive or negative how does economics game theory coordination theory change when we assume altruistic actors rather than self-motivated actors at the cause level how are we going to think about risks posed by new types of global conflict how can we improve institutional decision making how can we improve forecasting at a project level recently projects have been proposed such as having a database where we can subsidize a prediction market for questions relevant to these types of risks so in summary i'm here today to ask for your help in the spirit of this conference please take a photo of our emails please do and please just send us a blank email and if you can help us spread these ideas if you've got ideas of people we can talk to places we can talk places we can write and present live and i really really are keen to do this and if we can help you if you're working on a project to make the world better by asking the big picture questions please do email us we would love to schedule a call with you thank you very much