As some people try to fight the Matatu culture, it is bad to business right here and we have Peter Womanganya in studio with us is taking his time, what is studying in school into play and making these toy cars and making some back off it and he's not alone with Jones, his manager Khaibunisana. So, may we ask Jones to say hello to you? Yes, I'm a writer, Jones, and I've been working with Peter since I was 3 years old. So, when you were 3 years old, you were in high school? Yes, since I was 3 years old. Since I was 3 years old. So, I'm an Automotive Engineering technical engineer. So, you're an Automotive Engineering technical engineer, what about you Jones? Okay, me naitu apita gita wu deuri, nasomia Ajoddan College of Technology, deka main campus. So, nafanga Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Yes, so an engineer is in the building and on a semi education system, you team me feel. But this is evidence that it's working for us. Alright, so, unna participat kati kaku, tege neza the material? Yes, na participat koku tafta iso V2, kaisi plasticu tafu ta, lighting system. Na kujovei na coast, na seza kumtaftia plesi kupeleka. Alright, so, unna do the coasting, coast analysis, unna tafta raw materials. Halafunam saidi aku kuzi peleka. Kuzi markete. Kuzi markete. Na kuzi oza. So, you guys have found a perfect partnership. An electrical engineer and an automotive engineer right there. Alright, maybe you can pass the mic to Peter. So, Peter, ikitu lianza before college ama after college? Okay, lianza before college. So, like after me ma liza form 4, 2017. Don lianza kukram iat, ya kutengeneza madri toys. Na badumu fanya street arts, za matishats, za mamadriwa. So, like kampuniangu na jita oanganya graphics, ya after me ma liza shule. Nile, nima kua mta, rungai. So, like na mamadriwa, ziki pita pita. So, when you saw a rungai? Ya. So, matatukal chai me influence na kiluna fanya? Kabisa. Ya, so, like nile, niki yanda kama ni kumuneti, ni pate kuna mati ina kuja. Lakin niko, ina tengenezo, but ina coming soon. So, like nita tafta izo picha zaake, alafuniku e, nika ichini ni kram iyo at, ya yo mati. So, like kama ni ina jita rasta il pop, but iya kuna matati komtani ina jita iwo. Ini liza saia angutu, ina mta kutukua kichua creativity angutu. Alright. So, niku very interested in the raw materials, so maybe when I was at Pasiha Jones, the mic. Ini 100% recyclable material. Yes. Alright. So, is ni vitu metua kwa trash? Ini vitu metua kwa trash? Zinge ni kuna nuka ini 20 liters. 20 liters. Ika zil kuambili zika pasuliyo, ika katanifiwa. Dika tumika kutengeneza iingini. Izingini ni zito, ika zizi meribika ribika. Tuna toa nisha vitu zi, tunona ni poa, tunafix. Tunafix.  So, in the process you're conserving the environment. Yes. Alright. Ibi ashare mekupelega kwa media stops kada. Mupelega kwa media stops kada. You're getting some recognition of this. When you started, did you expect this? Did you anticipate media payita kwa na intresta mo ulikuna jipangatu, tengeneze, wuze watoi, wuze bambi? Na jasa ni kwa palevom ta ani. Ni kiaza ni le sa ni li kwa na tengeneza. Nili ni kwa nendaka, ni kwa macho evi, ni bambi wasi, tunneveni tekiwa tuveni ta kua. Nili ni liyanze na safari kumblaze, apondi oli kwa placeyangu ya kwanza, kuzipeleka ni kazi expose evi kwa see. So, like, kutoka apondo ni kwa una kumbe, isi ujinga na fanya. Juh safari kumblaze, wali ni recognize, like ni kapata call after ni menda home. Ni kambi okpeita, wewe, umepita interview yetu, kushinda na competition ni 100k, kwa kuluwa saku na pod stuffa uti, but ni li kwa na fallanda kategoriya, creativats. Kwa creativats ni li hape ni kakuja namba 3. Namba 3 ni kapatiwa kileni li patiwa zawa divo evo. So, from there and you, ni kapata hasa watu wana ni ta futa sasa. Right. So, watu wana kutafati ni ni ni? They wanted to buy, wana takahutengineze watu iwa hao, wana takahutengineze prototypes za matatu zao, ama namnagani. Ok. So, watu wana liyanza kuni ta futa, untua kwanza li kwa mca tricky, mca tricky cha chill show. Wanda li kwanza kuni ta futa, tukashutu video na yeye, ya kuadvertize cha chill show edition orungai edition. So, like after tumeshuta kukavida, ni li wasewa kakuwa tuengiwa na sema, ewe boi, amaweza, lazima tu muwone. So, like ni ka apen piya, ni ka jipata ni ko tena, ni ko rungai, na ni ko kwa stagea cha chill, na ni ka cha pashu ya angu wuka. This is a very big platform. Nakunam tu piya li kuapa before, making ads from grass piya li sama alipata platform apu evo. So, I like what Kenyans are doing to support Kenyan talent, not only the Kenyan music. So, this piece right here ni imagination yama tatu, sima tatu ina exist. You called it rastile. Rastile pop. Rastile pop. All right. And this is the one you chose to bring to the studio with us. All right. So, kuna pieces kama ga pivi macha nyumba ni bado? Okay, nyumba ni ni macha pieces kama tano, bat seza kwa izotano, indio kali, kazi wuki angali atu api aransi ake. Indio kali juata graphics zaka zimeweza. All right. So, una uza, amana managani? Okay, sasa ami uzi uza, alafu kwanza na tengeneza, na pigapicha, nazipost kama ni Facebook, Instagram evo, alava sanduta patawasim, sekama miipenda evo, ana kukul, drunamba flanitu, alafi na kujadri. All right. So, when people buy them, what do they buy them for? One nazibai wazi ake, kwa nyumba kama display, one nazibai for their kids, wachi zenazo, one nazibai for what purpose? Okay. Una kama ira style pop, isi aku chezo anayonam tu, inu nili wneka tu kwa hau for decoration. Ya, so leki weka pale, wneza cheza kama radio, ya, alafu tena piya, piya aransi ake na fanya, inaka ni dekameweza. Ni dekameweza, lennu nyesha, kaltia na irobi kabiza, kaltia ake na, kaltia matatu, which really represents us. And uya. All right. So, maybe you can pass the mic to Jones. All right. In the process of marketing your product, uredi mili kwa na product, kali mili kwa na jua. All right. Social media miwa sa idea? Social media miwa sa idea baize ju, wa se wengia mi appreciate jube tu na fanya. So ina tu piya, ili aji aku do, beta and beta e. So see, ati, wa se ku order to social media ni na wajenga, wa se waki like, wa se waki comment piya na wabamba badu. It spreads the word. All right. Nice. What are the tools of marketing miwa na tu miya? Apart from social media, na kukuja kwa TV kama white, 5, 4 kama leu. Zungusha, sa zengine, 3 kama leu tu mi zungusha marakada, wa tu wengia, wa metaka kununu, lakini, itu lkotu tu miya ka display. So tu kiyuza, na ingine, badu jatokia, ita kwa issue ku kumakit. All right. So umna tegeneza bai order as it now? Yeah, bai order. All right. So averagely, neza ni cost pesangapi ku get. Matgania rungai na shikasa na say. Nani antoka rungai? Ni gani? Ati? Brain freeze. Ya, so ni kitaka brain freeze yungu kama in cost pesangapi. Okay. Okay. Dahi brain freeze, ita enda roughly 15K. 15K, roughly 15K. Yeah, roughly 15K. Right. Yeah, alafuza kuna zengine na cheza na remote, RC remote control system. So lekuta pata, msi anakuja na nambia, A, pita anga nyanataka, unitengeneze Sparks. Kama Sparks ni ni matia runga. So lekunam tegenezeze Sparks, asema ni amtoi, na nataka ikuja remote control system. So lekuja remote control system, roughly 18K. Roughly 18K. 18K. Kungesayo RC remote control. Kungesayo RC remote control. All right. So that's a fair prize right there.  All right. So what are your plans in future with this? Okay, plans angu in future. For now, nataka ni letzeme ukoinze kuna mse saizi manyanan yona live, manyan na jua, nye ule boi, ameni bamba sana. So lek, mi nataka ni pate mse, manyan tani saidi, ni sawme kwanza, ni malize ma sawmo, bakapeni nataka kufikisha. Ndi oni kwenime genile knowledge, kus na jua, kulingana mi mi, ni ki amuka, ama ni ki lala, I just think of a picture yakili nataka kutengeneza. So lek ni kifikiri ya, keshiwa kenanza kutengeneza. Mushiwa mamora kujana kura, ni shatengeneza. Ni shatengeneza. So lek nile ni kiwanayo knowledge, after ni me sawme, I can do wonders. So nile zataka kujana nile shakima sawmo, electrical engineering in particular. So you can exercise it in this and other fields as well. So that's the plan for umganya, pita umganya. All right, what vision do you have with this business as the guy who handles the marketing and everything? My vision is any platform power yaku to raise, onona. Nile, nila takaka invest na vitu other things like events na vitu zingine. So through these tureza organize vitu kubo kubo. All right. Expo na nini na nini. All right, nice one. What is your take on applying Kenyans in general, applying what they study in school? You think it's happening ama ni kitureya sana? Ni kitureya, lakini mi me take ne zambia o to apply Kenyana sawma shule because kakuna jagani wendu so me ki ituka utaia apply. Ni puku apply kenyana fanya do at least uone she you have the urge to do it. So try and apply what you're studying in school. And school is also very, very, very important. All right, social media uta opatanam na again. Okay, kwa social media kama Facebook to ni pata atupita wanganya. Ama wanganya graphics. Instagram the same way. Wanganya 001 to ni pata uko. All right. So, since one ze ye bieshara kuh what has been your highlight kabisa ni li kubamba kabisa ni li kufaniki uka bukas kia anya I'm doing something right? Okay, kitumoja nile awa tu sasa mafijana wenzangu ju nile ukuivom tanyu uta pata kijana nasema akuna job maruna patatua me kaivi ko bezze jaba e braze beze hem to Okay, so like me ni kasema ah no we tiki mene takwanataftati tati tati tati tati tati tati na ni kulejaba apa na tati babsiwe atintu ita ni Jejengia maisha. So, like me kauna kwaidon t demi. ka maipidu matatu time manzejjokeshu wihika kwaida wwo kwaiko badi kwaiko Proto tipo yap V-80a ke nani kaitengen niza vizuri veneyo V-80a ka liika nikale bowl a namba plateo gari, makau 001. Kutoka apeli kwituwaza cultural night. Aga ni kwa kwa ni konio presentation na nampati ya ka mazawa adi. Lek li kwa imi wogon na gift thinly ve ya kukuja kafunguwa hei, kapa tapalenda ni ju wondas. Lek nile a kase na kwa ulizawa se, muna taka ni faniwe u boi ni ni. wengini marawali sema mpa tia 10k, mpa tia u lakini misiku bonga kwanza yemu niya kasema, ok wuki jana wili entafanya nita muli piya tam moja mzima, skulfis so leka kaniyami ok on Monday come to my office u receive yu ori sitia kwenyesha umelipa tam mzima so ok tokapando nika jo ok joddan college ikopua kuspia nika ndelia tu piya ndelia kuwenbia mayudu wengina utransmanawa wuko manzei juki letu nasoma si tu apply na monitor apelika place this was a highlight of your journey and you got your skulfis paid of this thing that you do and you're anitwa jio jamaa anitwa Mr. Makawa Mr. Makawa kaget happy in the process as well all right so see media see zo platform skubo mekoa just getting your education you're really really focused on education all right what levels of education would you like to get to and which is your dream school wengia taga kwenda shulegani ok kama sayizi nika joddan college of technology so like mi sayizi ki tumajeni na zasema nataka nile niki toka apo examiangu na nita fanya nita niru sasa okina zenda university nataka ninge strazmo strazmo university kuspale piya nika na mabishite wengine wengia na fanya the same course ala vasaya nile iko atahaya iku as in wanapatiwa services zikopua ala fu kilawana funds o iko juice ana atahaya level iya atahaya level all right I like that you picked a school in the country ike kwa atu wengi na wengi sa maha but nataka na shuleze to within the country also all right nice one so i'm curious maybe tuniza put ikitu into play watu aniza skia ukuna kontrola apo apo iya nikuna iya ok so maybe tuniza skia taste of matzarongai saha saha saha ok api viku kuna nikuna kifungu o sa ura jwa atu anani nulizangu kuku iwom tani e manze pita kwa nist kwezu kona gari e na ambiya iko kanyumba ok so this how it started apa kuna startki ok ndo iya sasana nisha ii fungulia ok chatwe kengoma ok saka maviluna skia ndo iya matiaronga nezi oh rastal pop matiaronga ok ok iya ni alam ok sasa kapa iya ni alam sister wakizeribu kuhiba wakizeribu kuhiba mina skia rana all right ii like this ii like this ii like this and all this is from is birthed from the matatu culture so as we try to fight the matatu culture it is given birth to a business like this one and a brother is making some money for himself and making a living for himself and even providing employment for other people as well and recycling in the process so taking care of our environment all right as we come to the end of this my brother ii see a lot of rappers nona ma rapawingi apu evo kwa kwa matiako nama ni siya rap culture nama tatu culture zimeshikani opi ok sasana kujahivi unona kama garene na jitaras stile pop kitoni lifa ni jitaras stile pop ni atini mei blending kwanza na kalas za awaras alafu pop inas mamiliya the hiphop artists when nini mei mei kakoyo gari ok so alafu mei kama rapazwa kuna rasta bado makes a lot of sense yeah all right so it's the hiphop and the rasta kalchomit amazing my friend social media as we wrap this up representing for double triple x tansion na mona piapo na mona kwa matatu kabisa na mona kina little pump up kina jikul kina Lilwain kina Kendrick lama representing ma rapu akuna rasta wote kabisa kabisa social media nwa kucheki waniza kukontakpi akita kabiashara your camera is number four ok ok so uko evo inja kitu kwanza neneza sema where you tu kukupivom tani manzejo usikaya apu atiuseme akuna job apana ka atini mazda kitu enyuna juneza fanya na usione kama ni ufala utatokia uko inja utapata kuna wasibata kuhata kuhempa utatokia manzejo brok tu meanza imeweza na ukindelia evo utajipata oku place so kitu injine uko evo inja nene na big up mavijana wangu akina toshpala evo beauty point pala akina jera ras watu adhika oote alafu kiserian akina antonio dante enri big up yourself watu oote big up ono aso anasapot kabisa kabisa alafu piakuna dema naji tangafide big up yourself piwa dema na fanyaia ati badu ofide anafanya ati ok fide to na fanya ati na atiyama tisho oh atiyama tisho nice one so badu kukwa bieshariya fashion piwa we ni artist kabisa na we ni injiniya badu kabisa right mr.jones maybe oneeza sign out mii ningepena kwa mpiwa tuwa follow your dreams and they'll take you to places follow your dreams and they'll take you to places so ni all about your skillset make sure you have a skillset kuna skills flan yoneza tumiyama ali na ukwate dreams ako that's all personal social media social media tufuate kwa pita wanganya na tu like vituze tu na fanya tu market tu zediku ze zi vitu tu jengenji thank you very much guys for coming through we appreciate you all the best in your endeavors in education all the best in your endeavors in this particular company right here pita wanganya is the way to find you on social media thank you very much so we have come to the end of entrepreneurship Tuesday on this particular episode of why and the morning we have had a great lineup of people doing amazing stuff for themselves and creating employment for other people so as I said earlier it doesn't matter what you do as long as it makes you some money and it's legal share it with us on white 54 channel on twitter white 54 and the school channel on instagram and white 54 on facebook hashtag is why in the morning so we can share your story I go by the name of barry moses or it's by one every social media platform representing for Hilda Wathithi on every social media platform joi mu chache mu chache and kala mi vow until tomorrow for queen's wednesday salud


Good morning everyone, welcome to my talk, Noble evaluation metric for deep learning based central analysis and its extended application to imbalanced data. Before I go into detail, I first want to give our motivation. Deep learning paradigm has received a significant amount of attention and shared great potential recently. However, deep learning method is at first new to solve the classification problems. As previous works pointed out, such an analysis and classification problems do not share the same objective. Also some work have noticed that there is a gap between such metrics like guessing entropy, success rate, and deep learning metric accuracy. Besides, recent works show deep learning based such an analysis suffers from imbalanced data. In this work, we want to explore the relations between deep learning and such an analysis and try to give a better evaluation metric for deep learning based such an analysis. In this process, we also propose a good loss function which solves the problems of imbalanced data. First, I give some basic definition useful for this formula. We define cross entropy between the true distribution and the predicted distribution given by the model as follows. Here x denotes the leakage and y denotes the labels. In practice, when we use cross entropy loss, we are using the estimation of cross entropy on a sampling set. Let t be the training date with label and m set as a model. Then the cross entropy loss is defined over the training set and the model. Since cross entropy loss is an estimation of cross entropy on a sampling set, by the law of larger numbers, we have cross entropy loss converges to cross entropy in probability. When deep learning based opinion attack penal procedure is like this. We first collect our such an leakage or traces. Then we calculate the sensitive intermediate with the key and public variable. Transforming the sensitive intermediate to a label using some labeling function f. Next, we feed our model with the traces and the labels starting the training process. After training, we use maximum likelihood method calculating the scores for all key high processes and discriminate which key is most likely to be the right one by comparing the scores. This equation shows how to calculate the maximum likelihood score. Here we can see why accuracy is not a good metric for such an analysis. Accuracy is designed to show the performance of the models are a single prediction. However, in profane attack, we use maximum likelihood method where a set of traces related to the same key are given. Accuracy feels to tell the underlying mechanism and concentrate only on the labels. There's also where the objectives of classification and profane attack have conflicts. Because when conducting profane attack, we are not trying to find a model giving excellent results on a single input. But we hope the overall results on the whole attacking set can help us retrieve the right key. Deep learning method designed for classification does not know this and thus it may not be an optimal solution sometimes. The case can turn worse when data becomes imbalanced since high accuracy is no longer our primary purpose in such an analysis. When we talk about cross entropy in deep learning, it concerns with the labels. However, in such an analysis, labels are generated from key hypothesis. Before I give a new metric, I will first redefine cross entropy in a slightly different way. Here comes the definition. Let Lk be labels generated with key hypothesis k. Then the cross entropy between the two distributions and the predicted distribution with respect to the key hypothesis k denoted as Cek defined as follows. It's clear that the definition is compatible with the original definition of cross entropy if k is the right key. Also notice that we expand the definition of cross entropy to all possible key hypotheses. Actually, there is a tight relation between the maximum likelihood score and the cross entropy for key hypotheses. Thanks to the law of large numbers, the expectation of the opposite of the maximum likelihood score now always equals the cross entropy for the corresponding key hypotheses. That's why we redefine cross entropy. With this tight relation, we can define our new metric from the perspective of such an analysis. By considering both cross entropy of the right key and the wrong keys, which have the direct relation with their maximum likelihood scores, we define a normal metric called cross entropy ratio. Let k star be the right key, the cross entropy ratio is defined as follows. Here, the numerator is the cross entropy for the right key and the denominator is the expectation of the cross entropy for the wrong keys. Regarding the relation between the maximum likelihood score and the cross entropy, our metric considers both the scores of the right key and the wrong keys. So our metric is directly linked to the attacking process now. The denominator of the cross entropy ratio can be further simplified with two reasonable assumptions. The first assumption is that when we're generating labels, the output of the cryptographic primitive are computationally indistinguishable from random outputs. The second assumption is when k not equals k star, then k is independent of the modal m system. With these two assumptions, by substituting the output of cryptographic primitive G with a uniformly distributed random variable u, we have equation 7. This equation shows the expectation of the cross entropy for the wrong keys, exactly the same as the cross entropy for any wrong key. This is true since the wrong keys are shadowed by the cryptographic primitive G and the deep learning model knows nothing about it. In this way, cross entropy ratio metric can be simplified as the ratio between the cross entropy of the right key and the cross entropy of any wrong key. Combining equation 5 and equation 8, we have some interesting results. Equation 5 tells us, given a key hypothesis, the expectation of the opposite of the maximum likelihood score is exactly the cross entropy. Equation 8 gives us the definition of cross entropy ratio. Combining these two equations, we have some interesting results. Let's cross entropy ratio equals gamma if we make a difference between the expectations of the score for the right key and the expectations of the score for any wrong key. The result is equal to 1 minus gamma multiply the expectation of the minus score for the wrong key. Here we see how cross entropy ratio affects the taking process. Since this part is always positive, if cross entropy ratio is less than 1, it means the expectations of the score for the right key is greater than the score for the wrong key. In this way, hopefully we think with sufficient side-chain matrices, the attack will be successful. Actually considering a widely accepted evaluation metric for side-chain analysis, Gaussian entropy, and the success rate, the following proposition holds. For any attacking set as a, drawing uniformly from the joint distribution under key k star with n-traces and the attacker with n is to retrieve the right key, because the cross entropy ratio is less than 1 implies when n approaches infinity, Gaussian entropy and success rate will be 1. Platforms proposition would also have some observations showing why cross entropy ratio is a good side-chain metric. According to equation 9, with the smallest cross entropy ratio, the difference between the expectations for the scores gets bigger, which means it's easier to retrieve the right key, and thus the attacker might need less traces to mount a successful attack, or with the same amount of traces, it might get lower Gaussian entropy and a higher success rate. However, these haven't been proved yet, but we will verify it with our late experiments. Equation 9 also implies that on average since the right key and the wrong keys will be more distinguishable with the bigger cross entropy for the wrong key, which in turn verifies the definition of cross entropy ratio is reasonable. Cross entropy ratio considers both the cross entropy for the right and the wrong keys, and here we see how the cross entropy for wrong keys affects our attacking results. Before I show you our experimental results, I first give a brief overview on how to estimate cross entropy ratio like traditional side-chain metrics. First, let me introduce the lemma. Let sequence A and sequence B be two sequences of random variables. Sequence A converges to a constant alpha in probability. Sequence B is no less than 1 and converges to a constant beta in probability. Then the fraction of sequence A and sequence B converges to alpha divided by beta in probability. This lemma can be proved using the definition of convergence in probability. The condition sequence B is no less than 1 can be relaxed. This lemma shows the convergence property of the ratio remains if both the numerator and the denominator have the convergence property. With this lemma, we only need to consider the estimation of the numerator and the denominator. Thanks to the law of length numbers, we know that cross entropy loss converges in probability to cross entropy. Let Sb be treated from the right key with labels. Then we know the cross entropy loss or estimation of the cross entropy converges in probability to the cross entropy of k star. The thing that Spr be a randomized test set where you are uniformly distributed, then we also have the convergence property. Actually, the randomized set can be generated by just sampling the labels of the normal test set Spr. It has the same function. Regenerates the labels is not needed. Combining these two convergence property equation 10 and equation 11 with the lemma, we can give an estimation of cross entropy ratio with the convergence property holds. Now, I demonstrate some of our experiments on Ascot data set. Detailed results can be found in our paper. First, this is the figure about the packing process for multi-layer perceptron with hamming weight labels used in the original Ascot paper. Some parameters are shown on the top right of the figure. From the figure, we can see that C cross entropy ratio is closely related to the attacking performance. A smaller cross entropy ratio indicates the guessing entropy will drop sharply with the attacking traces increase. For example, the blue line which corresponds to the smallest cross entropy ratio always have the smallest guessing entropy. Also, for multi-layer perceptron model using the output of Ascot as labels, the results are similar. The curve with lower cross entropy ratio has better performance than the curve with higher cross entropy ratio. The experiments verify that cross entropy ratio can properly reflect the attacking results which means it's a good search and metric for profiling attack. To further investigate the effectiveness of cross entropy ratio with imbalanced data and show why deep learning metrics such as accuracy are not truthful in some occasions, we also conduct several experiments with different levels of the imbalanced training data. For Symbolic City, we use the least significant bit of the output of the Ascot as our label. The results are shown in the figure. It is evident that with the increasing of the level of imbalance, the accuracy of the model keeps increasing while the attacking performance becomes worse. On the contrary, cross entropy ratio still reflects the attacking results facefully without misleading. In this way, we conclude cross entropy ratio is more suitable than deep than deep learning metric accuracy with the data is imbalanced. Also estimating cross entropy ratio is easy and has similar computational complexity to the calculation of accuracy. In our experiments, time caused from competing cross entropy ratio and accuracy is close. Both consuming about 7 milliseconds and both are faster than the calculating of a guessing truth or success rate which needs to mark practical attacks. Since cross entropy ratio is a good metric derived from Syton's perspective, a natural thought is to adapt it to a new kind of loss function for the training of deep learning models. We define cross entropy ratio loss or simplified ratio loss as follows. Here SP is the training set and SPR is the training set with sharp root label and N is the constant defined by user to determine how many sharp root sets are needed. With the large N's estimation will be more accurate. Actually cross entropy loss is just an estimation of cross entropy ratio on the training set. Due to the good properties of cross entropy ratio metric when facing imbalanced data, the ratio loss also has the power of animating the influence of imbalance. The reason behind is the ratio loss is associated with the keys and take both the right key and the wrong keys into consideration. This loss function does not focus too much on the labels like cross entropy loss function whose purpose is to maximize the prediction accuracy. Instead, the ratio loss maximizes the difference between the right key and the wrong key which is exactly what we want because we use maximum likelihood method. So the imbalance problem will not bother the ratio loss since both the labels from the right key and the wrong keys are used and the influence is counteracted. We have abundant experiments on different deep sets with different deep learning models. All the models use hamming width or hamming distance labels which is imbalanced. First for escut, multi-day perception and synchronized traces will result in encouraging. Cross entropy ratio loss performs better than cross entropy loss in all conditions. Well, escut this set with many cheaters where we use CNN models, guessing entropy for the ratio loss corresponding to the orange line drops sharply sharper than the blue line which used cross entropy loss. For traces with random delays we will also use CNN as our model. The ratio loss function also performs better and for hardware implementations with multi-day perception model the ratio loss should show significant improvements. The secret key can be recovered using about 2,000 traces with ratio loss. However, cross entropy loss are not even powerful enough to mount a successful attack. All the results show ratio loss function is more efficient than cross entropy loss function with imbalanced data for software and hardware implementations for multi-layer perceptual and CNN models for synchronized and desynchronized traces and for both order and high order cases. So, we properly solve the problems of the imbalanced data in such a scenario. In conclusion, we propose a deep learning test such an evaluation metric cross entropy ratio which can be used to evaluate the performance of deep learning models for such an analysis. We show that cross entropy ratio is closely related to commonly used such a metrics guessing entropy and success rate both in theory and our experiments. Besides, it works stably with imbalanced data. We also adapted, adapt cross entropy ratio metric to new kind of loss function for deep neural networks properly solving the problems of the imbalanced data in such a scenario. Thanks for watching if you have any questions feel free to send me an email.


Do you reckon this guy knows the tech which is checks his tech head was okay didn't work Why didn't it work though?


okay a little fit check before class today i have a i think this is the morris blazer i made out of this really pretty like ribbed rib knit that i got from stalemaker like forever ago i have a little graphic tee i got from goodwill a bolt from goodwill skirt from goodwill um knee high boots from goodwill so yeah she's here have a good day


So, good evening, good afternoon, good afternoon, and good morning, everybody. Welcome to this Google Summer of Code Global Office Hour where we meet. I didn't see the chat message. Can I go last? Yes. Okay. No, no. You will be late. Okay. Next, thank you for letting me know, so it can be some local disruptions for that. So, I don't have some global information for everybody, beside two small details. One being that from this weekend on I will be traveling. So either you will have a different background and grandchildren playing around behind me or no background at all, because it will be too inconvenient for me, but I'll continue to and to organize this office hour so that we can see, and especially as the next office hour is the one where we present the intermediate result. Second thing is that I gave you all, maybe not Jake, update rights or editing rights to the meeting notes. So don't be afraid to update the documents. I'm very bad at doing three things at the same time and update the meeting notes. So, if you can help me track important things. Last detail, and this is a little bit less pleasant. So we were looking into sponsoring your invitation to DevOps world. And this invitation was handed privately to you as contributors. I fear that seeing the various financial situation globally and within the sponsorship and so on, the chances are getting lower and lower. So I'm awfully sorry for that. I still try to battle to get the funding for that. But I need also to be honest to the people that were interested. So currently the likelihood that we get the funding is around 20% even less. Now we'll have other occasions and I hope that the world economical situation will get better soon. Because I really would like to meet you in real life and to shake hands with you. So these are the general information. Are there some comments or questions related to this introduction? Yep. They always wants to go last, isn't it, Chad? Yeah. I noted that. Okay. Good. Oh, and he was the first one on the list, so good that you tell me and that I don't forget it. Thank you, Chris. Okay. Yiming, do you want to go first? Oh, sure. Okay. So I will go through my work quickly. So firstly, I created several demos last week. For the first one, I created a cash demo by the Jenkins drop cashier plugin for our actions. So this one is an alternative for the previous actions cash feature. We agree on that we might to, we will quit the original idea and use this alternative temporarily. And secondly, I created the demo for S3 artifact manager plugin. So with this demo, the users can upload the artifacts or log to their object storage easily when they want to use our actions. And I also add multi-agent building example for our current actions. So this one is tricky. For example, if the users want to use our actions, they can use Jenkins files to trigger other permanent agent they host to run the same building with that Jenkins file. And lastly, I add more details in our project page and in the repository page. Yeah. Yeah. And on the project page on Jenkins IO, I've seen that. So that's good progress. Do you feel comfortable for next week's online meetup? Yeah, I'm good. I haven't prepared it. I think I will prepare it during my week. You know what I said last week, so don't overdo it. But I don't want to interfere too much, but take time to breathe. Okay. Yeah, I know. I am the same. So I will not, but I need to say it. Good. Any impediments, worries or issues you want to share? I don't have any important issues to share now. Yeah. Okay. So you're good making good progress. Demos are starting. Thank you, Chris, for taking the notes. Okay. Next one is Houshe Kesh. Hello. So this week I've implemented the get cash maintenance for legacy versions. So that's been done. I've written a few tests regarding it, regarding the implementation. We have also tested how the software is working on Mark's machine. There are a few bugs which we are facing and which we have to, you know, still fix their pending. So this week is all about fixing those bugs and, you know, finishing like trying to complete the first half of what I proposed. Okay. So you will have less time during August, if I remember well. Yeah. First half of August I have my exams, so I wouldn't be available. Okay. So normally, but you're comfortable and I had a chat with Mark, he's very positive, making good progress. So you feel good. Do you feel ready for your presentation next week?  Just a reminder for you, Orochi Cash, nobody will get killed. You're not risking your life with it. I know the feeling, but just do it and have fun and we'll probably be the group here, maybe 10 other people and don't worry with that. The other tip I can give is it's important that you rehearse your presentation and record yourself.  So this is the way I rehearse my presentations. So I hope this will be useful. And Orochi Cash, I'm crossing my fingers and you're going to smash it next week. Thank you. Thank you. I'll try. Okay. Good. Is there something you would like to add or? No. That's it. Good. So last week I spent my time writing tests for the PMU repository. So the testing is almost done now and the PR has also been pushed. So once we merge that, our artifact will be ready to be used in the main repository and basically the work of separation will be complete henceforth. Some modifications were suggested by Christian in the testing part, so I included them yesterday and more or less everything has been covered, all the things we discussed. So I am thinking that if we get it merged by this week, I'll be able to include that point in my presentation as well next week. So yeah, that's it from my side. Okay. Good. I have a question. So this more the rear kitchen that we're going to talk here. So first thing, I will not have time to do a thorough review or whatever. I think Christine has done it. So when you think your PR is ready, we'll merge it. If there are things that can be improved afterwards, we create another PR on that. So I'm waiting on your signal or on Christine's signals saying we're ready to roll and I will generate a new release. Sure. That would be great. And afterwards, I can also help you in making the CD complete. So I tried the incremental file in my local repository and I was able to follow the instructions given to the bottom of the page and did not get an error. So I guess I am doing most of it right. So in case if you're tied up with some other things, I can help you with the CD part also. Yeah, we'll have to try maybe we'll organize a session together to work together on that because some of the modifications require to work to be a maintainer of the repository to do. I want to check a few things about the numbering and things like that. So I'm not sure at all that I understand the theory of it correctly is the nutshell. So we will have to discover that together. One thing that you can work on, but this is, you cannot test it on your side is having the automated release notes generated correctly. So this already an add on. If you don't see where I can point you to the documentation that describes that process. So this is something where you can help me. And here I'll be traveling this weekend and need to settle. So I'll reach out to you later. Sure, no worries for that. End of next week. And maybe we set up an hour together and work with a screen sharing and see how that works. But we're not stuck. It's a nice add on, but it does not. You're not blocked by that, correct? Right. Good. Nice. So in the rush, now I see a steady background behind you. So tell us where, where are you with your project? Yes. And if my voice breaks in between, please let me know, I'll repeat myself. So hi everyone. And if I talk about what I did in the previous week, I would say this is going to be a short update from my site because there's not much things that were done because I, part of the reason was that I got stuck in the work, other work commitments. So what we did was work on the draft PR that I have, two of them. And I received review comments from Adrian. And I'm currently working on one of the draft PR and the comments that Adrian has given me on that. So his comment is basically to add some tests. So I'm now learning how to write tests using JUnit and Mockito in Java and then writing tests for that as well. So that is work in progress for me. And if that happens, that PR will be merged. And the other draft PR is also filled with review comments by Adrian. So I need to visit them after I am done writing the tests. You have a very technical, yeah, interrupting. You have a very thorough and very knowledgeable mentor there because it is, he's a very good programmer and in the kernel of Jenkins. So you're in good hands there. Go ahead, Dharash. Yes, I totally understand what you're trying to say because I can feel it with every meeting and every review comment I get. It's like he goes through each line of code with such detail. And I'm really, really grateful for that. So after that happens, the big mountain task that I was talking about last week is to write and work on the probe engine. And I had a meeting with Adrian this week and we discussed that he will be helping me on that. And so now if I talk about demo perspective next week, what I'm going to show, the plan is to show the probe engine in action. So since we are yet to work on the probe engine, so we are hoping that the days are enough for us and I think we will be able to do it because we have Adrian in our team. So that is achievable and that's what we're going to be doing next. That sounds very good. Okay, and happy to hear that you're making progress, but it's a tough, not a tough, but a very wide project that you're starting together. So, okay, very good. Are there general comments, questions, worries of things to share? I don't think so. Everything is going well. So I have a hand. Good, perfect. Bian, you have five seconds to interrupt if you want to add something. Making fun all of the time. Hey, it was really nice meeting you, hearing the progress and seeing a lot of nice work being done there. So looking forward for next week, if you have worries or a problem, reach out to me and we'll look how we can solve that. Okay. And Chris, thank you again for taking the notes. Okay, bye bye everybody then. Bye. Thanks everyone. Bye. Bye. See you later. Bye.


योग केवल व्यायाम नहीं, योग योग योग बियक्ती और समस्थी का योग मिलन सुनिस्सिथ हो जाएगा. योग केवल व्यायाम नहीं, योग एक तनाव गरस्थ विक्ती का तनाव वापस लिता है, दूर कर के उसे तनाव रहित बनाता है, योग अशानत मन को शानत करता है, इस्टी आएए, हम सब योग को अपना है, अपना मन भी शानत करे, और विश्विशानती के मारक बर आगे बआए. योग बारव्क की समस्थी की भिरा सब है, आज योग पुरे विष्वो में फेल रहा है, और इसके विस्तार के पीछे, अने एक योग कुरों का योग डान रहा है, योग के दवारा पूरे विष्वो में, लोग आरोग के वर्ध, और रोग निदान का लाब उतार है, विष्विष्वो योग निवस के सफल आयोजन हे तु, मेरी शुब कामना है. तु, 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 14. 11. 12. 10. योग योग is derived from the Sanskrit word योग, meaning to joy or unite. According to yogic scriptures, the practice of yog leads to the union of the individual consciousness with that of the universal consciousness, indicating a perfect balance between mind and body, man and nature. The science of yog has its origins thousands of years ago, before the first religions or belief systems were born. In yogic lore, Shiva, the first yogi or adi yogi, transmitted his profound knowledge to his seven disciples, the famous sapthirishis or the seven sages. योग was practiced through the pre Vedic period, but it was Maharshi Patanjali, known as the father of modern yog, who systematized and codified the then practices through his yog sutras. Later, many yoga masters contributed to the preservation and development of yog and the spreading of this wonderful practice. There are different schools of yog. These include gyan yog, bhakti yog, karma yog, patanjala yog, hatha yog, kundalini yog, dhyana yog, mantra yog, laya yog, jaina yog, bhodha yog, etc. Each school has its own approach and practices that lead to the ultimate aims and objectives of yog. Some of the widely practiced yog sadhanas are yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi, bandhar, mudra, shatkarmas, yuktahara, mantra japa, yuktkarma. A yoga practitioner should follow the guiding principles while performing yogic practices. Before practice, yogic practice should be performed in a calm and quiet atmosphere with a relaxed body and mind. It should be done on an empty stomach or light stomach. Consume a small amount of honey in lukewarm water if you feel weak. Light and comfortable cotton clothes are preferred to facilitate easy movement of the body. In case of chronic diseases or pain or cardiac problems, a physician or a yoga therapist should be consulted prior to performing yogic practices. During practice, practice sessions should start with a prayer or invocation as it creates a conducive environment to relax the mind. Yogic practices shall be performed slowly in a relaxed manner with awareness of the body and breath. Do not hold the breath unless it is specially mentioned to do so.  Perform the practices according to your own capacity. End the session with deep silence or shanti part. Food or a bath may be taken only 20 to 30 minutes after practice. Welcome to the world of yoga. Welcome to the world of wisdom that is as relevant and beneficial today as it was thousands of years ago. Welcome to the world of yoga. Let us start yoga sadhana with chalana kriyas or loosening practices to increase micro circulation, neck exercises, forward and backward neck bending. Stand in an alert posture. Keep feet comfortably apart and your arms on the waist. Exhale and bend head forward slowly and try to touch the chin to the chest. Inhale, move the head as far back as is comfortable and come back with inhalation. Right and left neck bending. Exhale, bend the head slowly to the right. Bring the ear as close as possible to the shoulder. Inhale, bring the head to normal position. Exhale, bend the head to the left side. Inhale, bring the head up to normal position. Right and left twisting. Exhale, gently turn the head to the right side so that the chin is in line with the shoulder. Inhale, bring the head to the normal position. Exhale, turn the head to the left side. Inhale and bring the head to the normal position. Neck rotation. Bend the head forward trying to touch the chin to the chest. Inhale, slowly rotate the head clockwise while coming down. Exhale, rotate the head in anti-clockwise direction. Feel the stretch around the neck and loosening up of the joints and muscles of the neck and release of tension in the neck. People with neck pain and spondylitis should do the practice gently. Shoulder movements. Feet together, make the body straight. The arms by the sides. Inhale, raise both the arms sideways above your head with the palms outwards. Exhale and bring them down in the same manner. The arms must not touch the head when going up or the thighs when coming down. The palms must be open with the fingers together. Shoulder rotation. Stand erect, raise both the arms. Place the fingers of the left hand on the left shoulder and the fingers of the right hand on the right shoulder. Full rotation of both the elbows in a circular manner. Try to touch the elbows in front of the chest on the forward movement and touch the ears while moving up. Stretch the arm back in the backward movement and touch the sides of the trunk while coming down. Do the same anti-clockwise and repeat five times. Practice of this kriya makes the bones, muscles and nerves of the shoulder region healthy. These practices are helpful in cervical spondylitis and frozen shoulder. Trunk twisting. Keep the legs about two feet apart. Raise both the arms up to chest level with the palms facing each other. Exhale, twist the body towards the right side so that the left palm touches the right shoulder. Come back with inhalation. Now exhale, twist the body towards the left side so that the right palm touches the left shoulder. Come back with inhalation. Repeat, do slowly with breathing. Avoid this practice in case of vertebral and disc disorders and during menstruation. Relax in standing posture of notes. Inhale, lift your arms up at the shoulder level. Exhale, bend the knees and bring down your body to the squatting position. Inhale and straighten the body. Repeat two more times. This practice strengthens the knees and hip joints. Avoid this in case suffering from acute arthritis. Exhale while bringing down the hands. Now let us move to yogasana. Parasana, tar means palm tree. Keep your feet two inches apart. Interlock the fingers and turn the wrist outwards. Inhale, raise the arms up and bring them in line with the shoulders. Raise the heels off the floor and balance on the toes. Stay in this position for 10 to 15 seconds. This asana brings stability in the body. Helps to clear up congestion of the spinal nerves. Corrects faulty posture. Exhale, bring the heels down. Release the interlock of the fingers and bring the arms down parallel to the trunk and come back to a standing posture. Vriksha asana. Vriksha means tree. Stand with the feet two inches apart. Exhale, bend the right leg and place the foot on the inside of the left thigh. The heel should be touching the perinium. Inhale and extend the arms up and join the palms. Stay in this position for 10 to 15 seconds and breathe normally. This improves neuromuscular coordination, endurance and alertness. Avoid this practice in case of arthritis and obesity. Exhale and bring the arms and right foot down and repeat the asana. Bend the left leg and place the foot on the right thigh. The heel should touch the perinium. Inhale, extend the arms up and join the palms. Relax. Padhasthasana. Padha means foot. Hastha means hand. Inhale slowly and raise the arms up. Stretch up the body from the waist. Exhale and bend forward until the entire palm rests on the ground. Maintain this final posture for 10 to 30 seconds. Those who have a stiff back should bend according to their capacity. Now inhale. Come up slowly to the vertical position and stretch the arms above the head. Exhale and slowly return to the starting position in reverse order. Relax. Adhachakprasana. Support the back at the waist. Exhale. Drop the head backwards. Stretch the neck muscles and bend backwards from the lumbar region. Relax with normal breathing. Stay there for 10 to 30 seconds. Adhachakra makes the spine flexible and strengthens the spinal nerves and improves breathing capacity. Inhale and slowly come up and relax. Hypertensive patients shall bend with care. Thrikonasana. Thrikon means triangle. Stand with your feet comfortably apart. Slowly raise both the arms sideways till they are horizontal. Exhale. Slowly bend to the right side and place the right hand just behind the right foot. The left arm is straight up in line with the right arm. Remain in this posture with normal breathing. This prevents flat foot. Strengthens the calf, thigh and waist muscles makes the spine flexible.  Repeat for the left side. Avoid this posture in case of slipped disc, shayatika and after undergoing abdominal surgery. Do not go beyond your limits. Padrasana. Let us now get ready for sitting postures. Padrasana. Bhadra means fur. Sit erect with the legs stretched out straight in front. Keep the hands beside the hips. This is Dandasana. Now put the soles of your feet together. Exhale and clasp your hands together over your toes. Pull your heels as close as possible up to the perenium region. This is the final position.  Bhadrasana keeps the body firm and stabilizes the mind. Now stretch your leg and come to Vishramasana. Avoid this practice in case of severe arthritis and shayatika. Vajrasana. Sit in Dandasana. Fold your legs and sit on your heels. Keep the thighs closed and big toes touching. Place the hands on the knees. The head and back should be straight. This is Vajrasana. Ardhushtrasana. Sit in Vajrasana. Get up on your knees. Place the hands on the waist fingers pointing downwards. Keep the elbows and shoulders parallel. Bend the head back and stretch the neck muscles and bend the trunk backwards as much as possible. As you exhale, relax. Remain in this posture for 10 to 30 seconds with normal breathing. It helps to strengthen the back and neck muscles. Relieves constipation and back pain. Return with inhalation. Sit in Vajrasana. Relax. Now we perform the full version of Ustrasana. Sit in Vajrasana. Kneel down on the floor. Keep your thighs and feet together. Get up on your knees. Bring the knees and the feet a few inches apart while inhaling, bend backwards. Place the right palm on the right heel and the left palm on the left heel. Be careful not to jerk the neck while bending backwards. Ustrasana is extremely useful for the effective eyesight. This is useful in relieving back pain and neck pain. It helps to reduce fat over the abdomen and hips. Those suffering from high blood pressure, heart disease and hernia should not practice this. Return with inhalation. Sit in Vajrasana. Chashankasana Chashanka means hair. Spread both the knees wide apart. Keep the toes touching. Keep the palms between the knees. Exhale and slowly stretch them full length. Bend forward and place the chin on the ground. Keep the arms parallel.  साप्वार बीज,ोदरी लिए सबाधीक,पाईमने पोड़ी तेया परिएँरी, न मेंने गोगा। से अ॑के पैह्था। सैवय निज़क न फिल्था पत्ये, यो भी निज़ेी ढोवार ह damaging parts of the joints पह्था। ब� warriors, उ� recent निज़ेी की काम मै stores रेए यो पर क्ैसात बीख की कं股िallowsो's भ दिएन्त्र्सा懂। जोगों के आशी र�。」 वक भख्र्कद्र VISTA अग्छ़राँी बारीछों दियार comment. आप वो रहा हैग़ा पच्श कर काँ बावार लोग क़ना अग्छर लगा गूँँउएड़ा आदा थी की मच्चाज़। आप पच्चम की गाउँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँ अग्र यौग। आँऔट कहाच्यािजिँ टूएकश्यवावाश्यली ब्रठजोउ । उनी विश्राम आस्ने काचिएझेथ कि अच्�就是 बिश्राम आस्ने अस्चन् में अस्चन मेंगषाः மेहनाऊद स्कोंग्मैं आप वाद़े घर horsepower & immunity of the spine footprint of appreciate लीज़्द lost किसाऑचटोग की काँम वोuta पा्षिक नम向दPHUS पावैशे tonche व्याराव, ब्रोकडाई, लईदान औन यों स्टमग विद फीट यापाड, फीट पोऊटिग अबच्टवोट, रेसच यो रेड औन यों हाम्स, रिलक्स. ती ती विश्ढ़ मकर आसना. तुजन्ग आसन नग. अई दीए़ में वुजन्ग में स्नेक अग्भ्रा का बयूँ में स्वन्ता, की रेशो ओगे में की प्र्व्गाँ या और उदर. तुजन्ग आसन नग, � を्जुऎंग GE is a snake, लाई दान औन यों स्टमड, रेस्च यों हेद औन यों हैंज, अन रिलाक्स तब बड़ि, नाव चोईन यों लेज, अन स्ट्च यों आज, किप तफ़रेड औन दे ग्राउंड, किप यों पांज, बिसाइद जेस्ट, अन रेज दि एलबोज, इनहेर लिफ तचिन औन चेस् तचिन जंग आसन, दिस आसन is best for stress management. It also helps to manage backache and bronchial problems.  Hold both the ankles firmly. Inhale. Slowly raise your buttocks and trunk up as much as you can to form a bridge. Remain comfortably. This is the final position. This asana relieves depression and anxiety. It strengthens the lower back muscles. Now exhale. Slowly return to the original position and relax. Light out on your back. Please note, women in advanced stages of pregnancy should not practice this asana. Uttan pada asana, raised feet posture. In this asana, the legs are raised upward in a supine position, hence the name. Light comfortably on the ground with the legs stretched out. The hands should be placed by the sides. While inhaling, slowly raise both the legs without bending them at the knees and bring them to a 30 degree angle. Maintain this position with normal breathing. Exhale and slowly bring both the legs down and place them on the ground. It balances the navel center, naabhi manipura chakra, earth halasana, half plough posture. This posture is known as earth halasana because in its final position, the body resembles half the shape of an Indian plough. Take a supine position. Keep the hands by the sides of the thighs, palms resting on the ground. Slowly raise your legs together without bending at the knees. First raise the legs up to 30 degrees, then further up to a 60 degree angle. Now slowly raise the legs to a 90 degree angle. This is the final position of the earth halasana. The body from the hip to the shoulder should be kept straight.  This is very beneficial for hypertensive patients but needs to be practiced with care. Those who have lumbosacral or lower back pain should not perform this with both legs together. Pavan Muktasana. Bend both the knees and bring the thighs to the chest. Interlock the fingers and clasp the shin below the knee. Raise the head and shoulders. Try to touch the knees with the chin. This is Pavan Muktasana. This removes constipation, gives relief from flatulence and tones up the back muscles and spinal nerves. Bring your head back. Exhale, stretch your legs and relax. Avoid this practice in case of abdominal injuries, hernia, sciatica and during pregnancy. Shavasana. Shava means the dead body. This asana is meant for complete relaxation. Light out on your back with the arms and legs comfortably apart. Palms facing upward, eyes closed. Relax the whole body consciously. Become aware of natural breath and allow it to become rhythmic and slow. Remain in this position till you feel refreshed and relaxed. This asana helps relieve all kinds of tensions and gives rest to both the body and the mind. It is very beneficial in the management of stress and its consequences. Kapala Bhati. It stimulates respiratory centers in the frontal brain. Sit in any meditative posture. Close the eyes and relax the whole body. Inhale deeply. Expand the chest. Expel the breath with forceful contractions of the abdominal muscles. Continue active exhalation and passive inhalation. Then take a deep breath. Exhale slowly and relax. This is one round of Kapala Bhati. Each round should be followed by deep breathing. Now do two more rounds. Kapala Bhati purifies the frontal air sinuses. Helps to overcome cough disorders. It is useful in treating colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma and bronchial infections. Please avoid this practice in case of cardiac conditions, high blood pressure, vertigo. Grain, stroke, hernia and gastric ulcers. Pranayama. Nadi Shodhana or Anulom Vilom Pranayama Is alternate breathing through the left and right nostrils. Sit in a meditative posture. Keep the spine straight and the head erect with eyes closed. Relax the body with a few deep breaths. Keep the left palm on the left knee in Gyan Mudra. The right hand should be in the Nasikagra Mudra. Place the right thumb on the right nostril. Breathe in from the left nostril. Close the left nostril. Exhale through the right nostril. Next, inhale through the right nostril. Close the right nostril. Close the right nostril. And exhale through the left nostril. This is one round of Nadi Shodhana or Anulom Vilom Pranayama. Repeat for another five rounds. For beginners, the duration of inhalation and exhalation should be equal. Gradually make it one is to two. Inhalation, exhalation. The breath should be slow, steady and controlled. The main purpose of this Pranayama is to purify the principal channels of energy. This nourishes the whole body. It induces tranquility. Helps to improve concentration. It increases vitality and lowers the level of stress and anxiety. It also elevates cough disorders. Sheetali Pranayama. Sheet means cool. It also means calm and passionless. As the name indicates, this Pranayama cools the mind-body system. Sit in the Padmasana or any other comfortable sitting posture. Place the hands on the knees in the Gyan Mudra or Anjali Mudra. Roll the tongue in from the sides to shape it as a tube. Inhale through this tube-shaped tongue. Fill the lungs with air to their maximum capacity and close the mouth. And then slowly exhale through the nostrils. Sheetali Pranayama purifies the blood. It has a cooling effect on the body. It is beneficial for persons suffering from high blood pressure. It satisfies thirst and appeases hunger. It relieves indigestion and disorders caused by phlegm, cough and bile. It is beneficial for the skin and the eyes. Those who are suffering from cold, cough or tonsillitis should not do this Pranayama. Brahmari Pranayama. Brahmara means a black bee. During the exhalation of this Pranayama, the sound produced resembles the buzzing of a black bee. Inhale deeply through both nostrils. Exhale slowly in a controlled manner, making a deep, steady, humming sound as that of a black bee. This is one round of Brahmari. Repeat two more times. This is a great tranquilizer. It's found good in the management of stress-related disorders. Now do the Brahmari with Shanmukhi Mudra. Close your ears with your thumbs. Place the four fingers on your eyes, middle fingers of the nostrils, ring finger and small fingers on the lips. Open your nose and inhale through both nostrils. Exhale slowly in a controlled manner, making the deep, humming sound of a black bee. It is a useful preparatory Pranayama for concentration and meditation. Dhyan. Now let us prepare for Dhyan. Dhyan or meditation is an act of continuous contemplation. Sit in any meditative posture. Keep your spine comfortably erect. Hold Gyan Mudra. Keep your palms facing upwards upon the thighs. Arms and shoulders should be loose and relaxed.  You need not concentrate. Just maintain a mild focus between the eyebrows and be conscious of your breath. Dhyan keeps the mind calm and quiet. It increases concentration, memory, clarity of thought and will power. It rejuvenates the whole body and mind, giving them proper rest. It helps to develop positive emotions. Meditation leads to self-realization. Continue to be in this state of Dhyan. Let us now take some Kalp. I commit to make myself into a healthy, peaceful, joyful and loving human being. Through every action of mine, I will strive to create a peaceful and loving atmosphere. Through every action of mine, I will strive to create a peaceful and loving atmosphere. Through every action of mine, I strive to break the limitations of who I am right now and include the entire world as my own. I recognize the kinship of my own life with every other life. I recognize the unity of all there is. End the yoga practice session with Shanti Pat or Universal Prayer. Thank you.


Meanwhile, Imo State Governor Hope Uzodema has assured Nigerians that the federal government will soon end crude oil theft in Nigeria. The governor disclosed these to state house correspondents after a meeting with Vice President Kashim Shatimar at a presidential villa at Buja. Nigeria loses billions of dollars in revenue annually to crude oil theft, which has thrived despite measures introduced by the government over the years. Uzodema's committee was set up in 2023 to reveal the existing architecture and make recommendations to stop oil theft and pipeline vandalism. We are addressing it. We are going to, at the end of the day, bring a final solution to this monster called crude oil theft. Of course, the government is one. The political class, no matter the political party, belongs to who we are one. At the end of the day, what we are looking for is how to ensure that the ordinary man on women in the streets are taking care of the security for all of us and the way for us is also protected using the primary purpose. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards, we're in mega dual case MLB 23 tops definitive inception baseball hobby number one random team style There's a look again at your random results as always you can find these on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat It's good. Look everybody. Let's do it. What's up, Jacob? How you doing, buddy? Jonathan with another personal.  All right start with an inception Also, I'm gonna drop you guys a link to NT divisions as well. That's at the end of the night here Six to go of course that very on sale over four hundred dollars on sale per division So definitely gonna be fun. All right inception baseball. Here we go Start with inception and we'll do definitive There's a comment on Instagram You know you did here's this week's upcoming products.   Oh What's his name? I don't remember honestly. Oh my god. I never watched the show me neither, but Where was I at forgot to tell you that honestly? That was so funny. I was at the porch or something and these people were like Rizzo And they thought I was him did they really Geez Aronato Luis Arias and Oscar Gonzalez silver signatures to 99 for the Guardians. Congrats. Uh Cleveland. Oh, yeah Look like Pedro Alvarez throwing a meatball over the reverse there with the throwing the case Bob Actually on this Gonzalez, I might just say that I completely got distracted though I don't think that's part of the card. There's like a little like Weird thing going on there. I'm gonna send an empty box and wrapper just to be safe Yeah All right, so let's look at what the Guardians. Sorry about that Cleveland I'm getting you an empty box and wrapper though. Is that bowls? I don't know See, this is what we deal with That's just uh, that's why we keep that door right there. Who's this for? Guardians, yeah, Brett Bailey to 50 for the Mets Matt McLean rookie Javi Baez rafi devils wow to 50 Corbin Carroll There we go, Arizona nice one there diamond backs go to Michael C. Let's go Michael Good stuff Michael.  He's uh, he's pretty decent paul for sure three to go on The first one and one break Yeah What's he doing Senga 13 What does he need? The other guy already hit Bane already hit he needs lindore and alec minoa to 25 25 patch auto for the uh Blue jays nice one there toronto 25 with quarters Starting in the fourth. Okay And blowout Stanton freddy freeman red salvi pareds for the royals to 75 and matt mervis Jared walsh and vini pascantino for the uh royals to 249 rookie auto Bryce terrain green purple to 150 at leover baguero for the pirates and emmanuel valdez Nicoladolo to 50 second-year, uh, red auto for the red so red red Not too shabby there congrats on that one Very nice very nice tend to go in the second tiered uh random case Of one in one basketball I know well they that's that's a classic one they'll take in and out though. Oh, yeah, just in steel green Anything one soda to 150 for the uh padres Soon to be Yankee spencer steer Say yes, zuki jordan ds to 99 There you go. Hey, it's nice when they're oakland. Uh, shoot us an email j blazin shoot us an email probably Riley green Eloi and shintaro fujinami just send us an email with like Saying like hey like these overnight in or whatever you'd like Put your makeshift up include your order number and what break it was in as well Order number and break. Let me know. Do you need the email? No, he's got it. I was gonna say I figured sports cards at gmail.com. Come on coups That is miguel vargas to 299 or 249. Excuse me for the dodgers Nice one there on the rookie odd kb tenor bibby to 99 And anthony vulpiruk cosys nice jordan grochans rpa to 149 for a color for the marlins Congrats mallets keep going here nothing still no scoring, but I just think who's yeah She's kind of henderson green abrums and hunter brown Buxton and no one gorman at 249 for the cardinals rookie auto on a card very nice That'll work. I'll play Keep moving purple as waddo cabrera to 150 And zack neto Jay ram and nice dual auto adley rutchman brian mount castle Todd age with the orioles. Hell yeah, man True very true This is the guy that uh, kyle bullied in high school right here ryan mount castle Nice one there. Congrats on that. Get that into a mag Todd also, thank you to christopher w taking a tiered spot in the other and uh The two tiered one-on-one breaks we have so we're down to nine to go on both of those christopher. Thank you, buddy Appreciate that Freakin awesome of you, man. What's up chris? How you doing buddy? Yeah, that's nasty dude Is this a good little case so far? obviously the dual and then the carol So not too shabby right there. What's up chris manual valdez green red to 75 trade turner for the fillies And joey weimer uh nelson-melasquez 275 that's going to the cubs. Congrats chicago tender bibby green rookie drawing carnasio and green rookie and urie perez nique prado and cannon smith and jigba Uh 53 of 75 going to the pirates Congrats pittsburgh Let's go michael b with a spot in random card style two to go Thank you, michael two to go one-on-one random card style everybody Two spots to remain. Thank you, michael b heraza green purple pascantino to 150 Corbin carol rookie and horre polanco 24 or 50 for the twins Congrats on that one there Bluebob That is a green simian woods richardson and miguel amaya Vado the chet and george kirby to 249 going to the mariners. Congrats mariners That is part of the card up there as well Got two hits in this one manoa o'nail cruise and a stewar ruiz Fregman grand mashcraft for the red stew 99 congrats cincy for the z z z z And michael stafanik to 149 three colored rpa for the uh angels Can we help you with something? Do you need help with it? Are you lost sir? Yeah, there's nothing in here I put chains to you sir christian yellich And orange straight turner to 50 for the fillies and gray rod bobby witt walker bueller and blind madriss going to the ritz to 225 Nice one there. Perfect. I got your email jblasen. I'll shoot it over to cortis Can't you just scratch that thing for him? That's true. Very true jblasen.  Yeah, you and i'm Born ready for some definitive again two to go random card style everybody I mean we could also what we could do jblasen is always we could always scratch off the redemption And just send you the code and then ship your other stuff normally if you want. It's up to you really I mean cortis will get in contact with you about that, but that's also a possibility Defend time Come on one time, dude I want to picture with it Want to picture with it? It isn't live. It will say that's a redemption, but It's still pretty sweet Yeah, yeah, I didn't get his redemptions in in time unfortunately. I get it. I get it Brian mountcastle. Oh, how dare you spencer 230 nice one there. He's trash Got uh 22 of 50 helmet relic of hosel tuve for the astros orange on there very nice You get it. I was wondering what that was like. What are you doing? Uh nice, of course right when he comes in 36 of 50 rally green rookie jersey auto for the tigers Rats on that one at tigers There is for the cardinals alec burleson 6 of 25 rookie auto for the again for the cardinals already said that But a nice one there st. Louis rookie green We've got a 28 out of 40. That is going to be dale murphy Game used bad auto for the atlanta braves nice one there dale murphy All right, five at 25 carlia stremsky Grats on that one 67 atl triple crown Fair player of all-time dale murphy. He was a stud man. He's not in the hall of fame, right? He's like one of the best guys not in the hall of fame. I believe Unless it hers that garvey. It's one of the other I don't remember one of the other of them. I forget who's not Um, this is nasty going to the angels one of 10 albert poohols Congrats on that one to los angeles Uh going to Austin f Austin You get that into a magforia Didn't get to 300 probably honestly though. Um, and then we got a redemption. I'm assuming this will be a random We've got the braves nam cue and the Hodrae's scott g this will be a random do a lot of graph relic collection one soto ronald coonia jr I'll uh, I'll throw whoever doesn't win this a little bit break credit for a bad beat So good luck on that one To both nam cue and scott get that into a mag for it. All right box dos Box dos actually lane everybody. All right box dos. Here we go. Good luck. I'll put a thickie on this one So either a helmet or a protector's deplete See a one-on-one come out of this too. I haven't pulled a uh nameplate in a minute Not hold the nameplate a minute. Um, all right God paul goldschmidt Nice one there 240 for the um cardinals Grats on that st. Louis game use nice one here protectors at the plate uh for the Rockies chris bryant 7 to 25 kb kb 23 vp former mvp chris bryant nice one there congrats rocks Oh wow Uh going to the Orioles having an athlete rushman rpa 11 of 50. Let's go. Congrats baltimore Again, it's going to be Todd each Is killing it right now, man Killing it congrats Todd nice one there. How about a zekeal m2 spots and random card number 10? Thank you a zekeal down to 14 to go and random card number um 10 everyone 9 and 9 and 6 As well Two to go on the first random card, right? We've got 13 of 50 masatake Yoshida rookie auto for the uh red socks Grats boston very nice very nice Really nice one here two of five berry larkin Going to the reds wow austin Austin having a break here time to go fishing john. Oh boy. It's time to go fishing. Oh boy three of 15 Mike trout let's go on card auto austin adding that to the um The pools congrats buddy nice one there. That's awesome that into a mag We've got 12 of 30 that is a framed of Miguel cabrera Maggie nice one there uh tigers tigers doing pretty well as well And then nice duel at the end one of five robin yow and paul molleter. That's yount dracula right there yount dracula and paul molleter Thank you Anthony for that jonathan. Oh with another personal Two to go random card styles ladies and gents ladies and gents You can have the other half of that sub if you want Okay, I might honestly What'd you get filly? No italian for george mike. Oh nice. Okay might take you up on that actually We got a ruby. You've got a one-to-one coming up here shone. You got a one-of-one right there You know the last one we pulled was air and judge. Oh, yeah, I remember that pretty sweet pretty sweet George with the bottom of you get george out of here man All right. We got latty jr. From the dj's 12 to 40 What does he need again? 23 or something? I don't know One of 15 labor torres nice one there for the yanks two-color patch. It's labor day everybody dropping out with another uh spot or another personal hasty with a couple of uh origins personals All right, we've got three of 25 kyle schwarber Nice one there schwar bomb for the uh Good old fillies It's one-to-one. Hopefully it's disgusting 15 to 50 rookie auto for the uh marlins is max mire God 30 to 50 Uh, no one ryan this one's nasty Congrats on that one there Rangers He's got him Going to tom c with the giants. How about a one-of-one? Buster posie On the ruby red Parallel yes, sir Florida state seminal alumni Hall of future hall of famer buster posie Congrats on that one giants. There you go. Tom. Good stuff, buddy.  I'm very jealous of that STL congrats on that All right, we've got the quick random to do soto and akunya. I am going to give uh 20 break credit whoever does not win So that is going to be scott or nam cue um You've got dual auto is soto of the padres Padres Uh graves All right, again guys doing the random for the uh soto and akunya dual auto Our dual relic auto Between the padres and the braves again, whoever does not win will get 20 break credit on a bad beat. I'm going to roll the dice We will go six times one two three four five and six going to the braves congrats itlanta Congrats itlanta.  Carl Yastremski. Dale Murphy. I when you get into the zone, it's all Riley green alec burleson blind mattress Uh, michael stafanik. Oh don't panic. It's michael stafanik. I forgot to say that. Sure Mascraft george kirby. I couldn't Yeah, I'm gonna go without saying that again. Right or hey palanka canning smith and jigba nelson volasquez nolyn gorman jordan grochans miguel vargas jordan dias nicoladolo venny pascantino alec minoa got him got him Man, I was waiting for that one God, I've been waiting for that.  Oh, I've been holding it in Oh, he was there like I think I got him. I think I finally got him got him and oscar gonzalez God Don't we do how old are we? How old are we? Were you 50 acting five really? 50 years old acting five 50 years old acting five Albert pools framed patch auto 210 We had a corbin carol rpa to 50 um dual autograph rally collection soto and akunya going to the braves and padres you'll get a little bit of brake credit there um That is a mic trout to 15 uh one of one buster posie For the giants and then a dual auto of adley and ryan mount castle 25 Very nice. That'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the fill up next. Uh Random card style one-on-one


When one hears the Janagana Manah, which Indian soul will not feel a deep sense of pride? When the words, Vande Mataram are uttered, which Indian heart will not be filled with devotion for the Motherland? As a proud messenger of warmth and fond memories from India, Prime Minister Shreem Narendra Modi journeyed across the seas with but one aim, and that was to bolster the pride and prestige of both India and Indians across the world. For the first time ever has the top leadership of the nation formed such a direct connection with the expatriate Indian diaspora. In nation after nation, large or small, developed or developing, the Prime Minister made a difference. He forged new bonds, he brought new life to existing ones, so they become stronger and deeper. No stone was left unturned to showcase India's strength and capabilities to the whole world. But more had to be done after this to closely connect the Indian diaspora with India. The first decision was to involve them more closely in the process of policy formulation. This led to the formation of the Pravasi Bharti Akendra, which was inaugurated by the Prime Minister on the 2nd of October 2016. For the first time, brainstorming sessions with active participation of NRIs are being conducted, touching upon a number of areas, the contribution of NRIs to social and economic developmental efforts, better services in trade and commerce, encouraging tourism and the problem of overseas contract labour, especially in ECR nations. But beyond the pride and self-respect of Indians abroad lies the matter of their security and this avenue is being diligently pursued by the Minister of External Affairs, Sushma Swaraj. Whenever Indians settled abroad have faced trouble or threatening situations or have been trapped in dangerous places, the Foreign Ministry has swung into mission mode to organize their rescue under the direct supervision of Madam Swaraj. In today's world, a single tweet solves the toughest of problems efficiently and quickly. So whether it was Sushil Kapoor, who was innocent but wrongly accused and imprisoned in an Iranian jail for two years or Naushad Alam who lost all his possessions in Saudi Arabia, whether it was deaf and mute Geeta stuck in Pakistan, Gurpreet Kohar who faced problems while searching for her husband in Germany, Sonu Kotin Bangladesh or Judith Kotin Afghanistan, whose coming home had become next to impossible. All these people have been brought back to India safely by the Government of India. Over the past two years, four major evacuations have been pulled off from international trouble spots. Over 7000 were rescued from Iraq, over 3000 from Libya, 1000 from Ukraine and over 4000 Indians from Yemen. Along with Indians, around 2000 foreign nationals were also evacuated to safety from Yemen. Over 150 Indian nationals were brought back safely home from South Sudan as well. The honour and self-respect of non-resident Indians. The security of non-resident Indians. The contribution by non-resident Indians to India. For the first time in history, the Government of India will be connecting directly with 2.8 crore non-resident Indians. Come, today on Pravasi Bharatiya Divas. Let us celebrate the occasion with a sense of deep pride and an exuberant joy. Jai Hind.


M-Zine Hydrogels offer promising prospects for flexible and wearable electronics due to their unique properties such as stretchability, self-adhesion, transparency, and biocompatibility. These properties make them suitable candidates for applications in flexible electronics, human-machine interfaces, sensors, actuators, etc. Additionally, M-Zine Hydrogels benefit from their surfaces being negatively charged, high-specific surface area, facile functionalization, and high metallic conductivity. However, stability remains a challenge for M-Zine-based applications, which can be improved by incorporating M-Zine Hydrogels into existing Hydrogels. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on M-Zine Hydrogels, discusses their design strategies, preparation methods, and applications in wearable electronics. This article was authored by Irin, Chi-He, Tony Sue, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


really inspirational few days and I can't wait to go back and try all the ideas that I've heard. A valuable experience to speak to the people that are here at conference, the resources that they offer are fantastic for giving you ideas. You can speak to anyone you get lots of resources and lots of conversations about pedagogy which I'm ultimately very interested in. We bring all our experience and questions to that session and that's really what's good about it. It's been really interesting, really informative, loads of opportunities to collaborate with other teachers across lots of different sectors so that's been really useful as well. Loads of resources that you can take away straight away and put into your classes just to enrich the kind of practice you're already doing. Mathematics, collaboration and creativity, there's been lots of creativeness, there's been lots of talking, we've been looking at mixed attainment so we've been taking that away to look at how we can look at how that works at school. Interesting elements of maths and practical applications that we can try with this in braiding which is amazing. There's a session on bar modelling and how we can kind of link into what primary schools are doing in secondary. Make maths more engaging and make sure that practice is deliberate and not just a list of questions that has no full purpose. After being told many times by my colleagues they need to come, I finally come. This is not my first time, I'm a veteran, I come every year. The accommodation is brilliant, the food is great, the people are just lovely. I've also seen a few primary sessions that have kind of helped me understand you know where kids are coming from that have joined my school. And then there are member-only resources as well that you can't access unless you remember so things in the archive that come back or new things that get made. The group is so amazing the way they take it on, they pick up the ideas and you see something new in it and you go away. So I'm running so if I go away with my teaching it's going to be different as a result of the conversations I've had this morning. So we need to build your confidence and network with lots of people, come to the ATM.


7DW8-5, a CD1D, binding invariant natural killer T, iNKT, cell stimulatory glycolipid, enhances the efficacy of radiation-attenuated sporozoids, IAS, based malaria vaccine in mice and increases the level of human-malarial antigen-specific HLA-A0201-restricted CD8-plus-T-cell response in human immune system, his, mice. This article was authored by Shan Mingli, Jing Huang, Izumi Koneko, and others.


Hi, in this lesson, we're going to talk about that how to open a file with its default program in Python. For example, let's say that we have a JPEG image and that we want to open that image inside default program with usage of Python. What we need to do is to import OS module, then let's change our current working directory to directory in which we have our image. Our image is stored inside files directory on a C drive. And now we want to open that picture, that image in its default program. So we're going to call method start file and inside this method as an argument, we're going to put the name of our JPEG image in our case that image is miami.jpeg. Okay, let's check it if I want to open this folder. I will see that I have that picture called miami.jpeg. So we want to open our picture from a default program in Windows. Now let's press enter and our image is opened inside Windows Photo Viewer because it's default program for opening image files with usage of start file method of OS module. You could also open other files with other extensions on other default programs in Python programming language. That's all in this lesson. Thanks for watching, bye-bye.


There was once a day that I would pray for you I'd go and misbehave you so you'd notice too Sinking looks up and down from across the room


In the pages of the Thunderbolts info it describes a common theme in creation myths and that is the first human being appears in the sky. Often as a metamorphosis of a divine creator, wait to hear this. On Tahiti, people remember the time before creation when an expanse of water covered the abyss and the god Tinota Atta floating on the surface. The god's name was stated to mean human form. In the UK tribe of California told a similar myth concerning the first appearance of their creator and civiliser. There was only water and over it a fog. On the water was foam. The foam moved around and around continually and from it came a voice. After a time they are issued from the foam a person in human form and he had the winged feathers of the eagle on his head. This was Taika Maul the Saltitude Walker and he stood on the foam which still revolved but there was no light. On Pentecost Island of Vanuatu it is said that long ago the god Tagaro came down from the heaven adopting a human form with superhuman power and acting as a creator who made men and other things. And the Camilleroy of New South Wales in Australia envisioned the supreme god by him as an incomprehensible greatness and appearance, physically indistinguishable from his throne of transparent crystal of vast magnitude, which has its base in the great water and rises to a stupendous height towards the stars. In their notion of god's appearance he is great beyond conception, beautiful to look upon and immovable, fixed in this crystal rock which only the upper half of a supernatural human body is visible. And some traditions specify that this anthropomorphic apparition served as the sun before the current sun had commenced to ply the ecliptic path. Thus a tribe of the Warajiri from the headwaters of the Murrumbidji river recounted that summers were milder when a human ancestor served as a permanent sun. It was not always so and the Aboriginals have a legend which tells of a time when the earth was not parched by such a sun, when it was ever day but the daylight was the radiance of a human ancestor and when the trees and shrubs and flowers were as bright and plentiful as they are now in the regions that are not wilted by our sun, the sun they say is an ancestor, a human that was not understood. Just so the Maya remembered the excess of heat of the sun when it had risen in the east for the first time and possessed a human countenance. And then the face of the earth was dried out by the sun. The sun was like a person when he revealed himself.  Before the sun came up it was soggy and the face of the earth was muddy before the sun came up and when the sun had risen just a short distance he was like a person and his heat was unbearable. Since he revealed himself only when he was born it's only his reflection that now remains as they put in the ancient text the visible sun is not the real one. Pursuing these themes further with the Thunderbolt's question, in many cultures the enigmatic squatter man manifested as an expression of the luminous axis Monday or the world axis, often doubling up as a cosmic mountain or the tree of life. For the ancient Egyptians and for the Chinese for that matter, Xu who lifted up the sky with his own two arms was the god of light or light personified as the coffin texts have it. I am this sword of Xu which is the flame of the fiery blast which Atom kindled with his own hand. I am the sword of Xu from whom Noot was placed above the jeb under his feet and I am between them. I am Xu whom Atom fashioned and this garment of mine is the air of life. It is I who made the sky light after darkness my pleasant colour due to the air which goes forth after me from the mouth of Atom. Judeo-Christian Gnostics portrayed the first ancestor as Adam, a giant man who stands at the centre of the earth who was endowed with a glorious appearance, the image of his face burning with glorious splendour like the orb of the sun and the light of his eyes was like the light of the sun and the image of his body was like unto the sparkling of crystal. Indian philosophers similarly equated the fig tree as Vata whose light was the yonder sun with the prototypical man Brahman. That indeed is called the bright, that is called Brahman, that alone is called the immortal, all worlds are contained within it. I know that great person of sun-like lustre beyond the darkness. This whole universe is filled by this person to whom there is nothing more superior, from whom there is nothing different, than whom there is nothing smaller or larger, who stands alone, fixed like a tree in the sky. On Kiribati in Micronesia, the beam of wood that had lifted the sky was styled the first tree that ancestor sun, and the desinatribes of the brazilian amazon tell us that the creative sun holds and carries the cosmos, of which it is the centre or axis, as the spine holds and carries the body it is the sun axis that holds together the upper, middle and lower worlds. This notion of a transient blazing humanoid in the sky was fated to remain utterly bizarre to us until fairly recently, and it wasn't until plasma physicist Dr Anthony Paratt reported on high energy density plasma instabilities that transform an initially cylindrical plasma beam via a stack of toroids into a so-called squatting man, emitting extremely dazzling synchrotron radiation light, recognising this modern day humanculus and countless petroglyphs. Anthony Paratt was brave enough to go public with the idea that such a squatting man had graced our prehistoric skies in a form of intense aurora, and we will leave a link below to Anthony Paratt's earth-shaking lectures for your viewing pleasure, comments below, and as always, thank you for watching.