The title of the talk is very very intriguing. Normally we have anarchy of equality, but I'm talking about anarchy of inequality. So what do I mean by this? I'm aware about the experts who are sitting in the hall and the experts chairing the session. Therefore I do not want to really commit any silly mistake and I would like to read my presentation. So please bear with me. My intention to select this theme for discussion is evident in the very title I have chosen for this particular talk. I intend to question the liberal's defense of inequality and indeed I plan to show the limits of theoretical justification that is internal to liberal political theory of inequality as propounded by a battery of theorists led by John Rawls. You may not agree with this but I think John Rawls is leading the battery of political theorists who have thought about the theme of inequality. And should I mention the names? The names are very obvious. You have Ronald Dawkins, you have Thomas Nagel, you have Professor Amartya Sen. So how these names as the ones we have worked on the concept of inequality. Let me risk putting forth an argument which might look quite unpleasant to many. The argument is in liberal sense inequality simply means reasonable departure from equality. This is the important point, important line I would like you to take into consideration. Interestingly liberal political theory does not talk about arrival but departure, departure from equality. It seeks to justify such a departure on normative grounds in that it intends to neutralize in some degree harsh condition of those who are worst off. Obviously John Rawls is the quotation. Inequality is the justification that is provided by the theorist to arrest the arrival of the worst off to complete equality. Now the job of liberal political theory is to arrest the arrival of the worst off to equality. Such theory thus assigns a restorative role to inequality. In this liberal sense inequality is justified on the ground that it seeks to prevent the system from collapsing into complete chaos or anarchy. This delay is sought by putting barricades such as equality of opportunity, fair equality of opportunity, equality of outcome, equality of risk. So these are all names, these are positions associated with names as I mentioned and incentive inequality. And of course inequality based on entitlement of course Robert Nosek. This is roughly the argument that justifies inequality. In this particular presentation I would like to propose at least a couple of arguments that I hope would successfully counter the argument that the liberal theorist have put forward in favor of inequality. I am making a very big claim now, please save me from this now. My argument runs as follows. Inequality which in liberal sense finds its relevance and essence in its reasonable departure from equality but ultimately tends to acquire anarchy character. Particularly on account of its seeking radical departure from equality. To put differently it acquires anarchy dimension when it becomes self-defining without any reference to equality. This is the epistemic ambition of inequality to actually define itself without any reference to equality. And therefore I think this is the real problem with inequality. Our inequality slips into anarchy, anarchy mode in the condition when it becomes an independent norm, independent norm that shifts only handicap ambitions and which offers subsidized satisfaction to people. Now inequality acquires its independent epistemic status, it gets defined without any reference to equality. Unlike liberal, unlike liberal theorist. And I would like to remind you of this. How do we define, how does inequality get independent strength to define itself without any association with equality? And I would like to draw your attention to this very interesting line in the last scene in Laguero Munna Bhai. Laguero Munna Bhai. That's it. You do not require anything positive to really define yourself. You are already inside, how much can you get into this? That's it. This is my first problem with the theorist. Second problem. I also argue against the liberal political theory on the ground that it seeks to successfully disguise in its very theoretical mode of justification the danger of inequality becoming gross or becoming uncontrollable. The point that we have learned through our political theory books is that inequality is a very nice thing to have a restorative function, preventive function to prevent system collapsing into anarchy. But my argument is that this is a deception. In the very justification, theoretical justification of inequality, you disguise the limits of inequality. That is the problem. And we are asking this question to all these political theorists. The new liberal economic, and actually I am charged by Samuat's very very revolutionary tradition. I can't make any other presentation except the one I am intending to do. The new liberal economic order, however, seems to have stripped the liberal political theory of its discursive capacity. I don't like this word discursive, but I have no other better words to, but please forgive me for this. Samuat won't allow this discursive word, but I am just using just because I don't get any other word. The new liberal economic order, however, seems to have stripped the liberal political theory of its discursive capacity, even to disguise the limits of inequality in its theoretical justification. And that is the problem. This is clear from the statement made by those who have been the supporters of the new liberal economic order. The language is brazen, and that it is spoken even in the condition where inequality is completely intensified. Therefore, it is necessary for me to delineate in brief what are the justificatory grounds of inequality. When I say inequality is disguising its own limits, I am actually hinting at the way inequality in modern times and new liberal times intensified, and I will dwell upon it later in some detail. I have got the liberal justification of inequality, which I am actually arguing against. So please allow me to dwell on in some details on the theoretical positions as taken by these theorists from time to time. The liberal political theories seek justification for inequality on both. And grounds of individual rationality as well as normative moral grounds. On the grounds of individual rationality, political theories treat inequality as the baseline, like Eru Munna Bhai, from where the aspirants can then compete with each other in order to reach their desired goal. And this is very interesting by the revolutionary poet Narayan Suryaway in Marathi A.K. Gurd Sarkar. There are different possibilities to achieve your goal. Since market-based inequality is aspirational and sustained by the pragmatic logic of incentives, it necessarily involves competition and confidence on the part of the aspirants. Competition in turn involves strong and continuous self-evaluation. Competitive mode driven by individual rationality and not by community is at the stake. For example, members from the SCs and STs, I am just making a special reference to SCs and STs, compete against each other without any moral consideration for caste solidarity. So that is rational, is already there at play. In the second sense, morality works at the individual level at which a person who faces failures in competition tends to adopt evaluative mode. As a part of the strong evaluation, individual begins to locate reasons for his or her failure, not in the limits of the system, not in the limits of the system, but in the sphere of self-reflection of agency. Now post-structuralists are at their own operation table now. For them, agency is important, not the structure. If I am similar, I would always put my faith in structure, not in agency. We can debate on this. To put differently, moral capacity for self-evaluation creates a socially balancing attitude among the failed aspirants who then balance themselves from failing into balancing, from failing into the state of complete despair and frustration. This is the liberal position. Second, will to aspire for and capacity to exercise liberty to compete, makes inequality as an acceptable baseline. I am sorry, I think it is going to be boring for many of you because it is a bit theoretical, but can I go ahead with this? Is it okay? I thought it was important to really lay out the theoretical position. Quickly, let me finish this. Individuals are supposed to exercise the liberty to make continuous choices that in turn becomes valid in the availability of the opportunity structures. Individuals should enjoy their liberty to make further choices and this is considered necessary to enhance their ability or capacity. At the same time, it also eliminates the possibility of any frustration creeping on them. What I am suggesting here is that you have to make choices and you have to keep making continuous choices. If you don't make choices, frustration will creep on you. In the market logic, you must not be ideally always desire for making choices. This is the liberal. Now this is the second justification. The third and the last one. Moral inequalities are defensible on the Rawlsian principle and you know the very famous principle. Inequality are acceptable in as much as they actually attain to the needs of the worst of. This is the second difference principle. Then Rawls will say, you must give more incentive to the people so that they can actually share their surplus which is actually gained through the incentives. There is a hierarchy already, there is inequality in place and Rawls is not disturbing inequality anyway. Now these are all three positions which are taken by liberal political theorists. Now should we really throw them out of window? No, we can't do it because we have been studying them for a very long time. We however cannot ignore the theoretical justification offered by the liberal political theorists particularly when we are confronted with Nietzsche and his followers. I am just asking are there Nietzsche followers in India? There are many I think in the neoliberal. For Nietzsche and his followers today, where are they? Who are they? In Indian context. Language of equality for Nietzsche, the language of equality is absurd and hence meaningless. It is needless to mention that Nietzsche's metaphysics of Superman and man only and his cute love for aristocracy would always lead his supporters to condemn equality as anarchic.  However thinkers including Nietzsche live their ideas and thought to be theoretically processed by the well-known or well-known political theories in the present context where already mentioned some names. Now why inequality is a problem even though we have some good opinion about these political theories in the context of the very very anarchic position that Nietzsche is taking vis-à-vis equality. But still we have problem and let me then discuss this problem, my problem with the theorist. I would like to argue that inequality cannot disguise itself in theoretical justification as offered by the theorist. Now the theoretical justification as offered by the theorist is so weak that even it cannot, it cannot disguise the limits of inequality. That is how I mean it has become so frail. Today in the age of disunification, accompanied by the language of jobless growth, inequality does not have to disguise itself in the theoretically sophisticated justification. In fact the vacuous character of inequality has been conveyed to us with stunning clarity and frank acknowledgement by the rulers of today. Some ministers are reported have said that they endorse the jobless growth and unemployment resulting from demonetization. I think as somebody said this and here that, I mean I know, is it not? I am just, my boss is there, I am just confirming it with him. Such frank acceptance of meaningless, meaninglessness of inequality, such that the, that inequality has lost its performative power even to disube people. Inequality cannot disube you. Thus inequality has become so fragile that it cannot take the load even of false promises as well. There are promises, there are some promises which are potentially achievable but there are false promises. Members of the ruling party in fact find it absurd to overuse the language of vacuous promises and that is, and therefore false promises which are internal to mass deception are, they don't bother the ruling class, ruling elite in this country. Now unwieldy aspirations have brought enormous pressure on restrictive capacity of inequality to the extent that the latter looks utterly absurd and anarchic. The aspirations have become so enormous that the very claim of inequality cannot really sustain these aspirations. And that's the problem and let me actually explain this to you in some detail. Marathon, and there is a word used by somebody, Operation Olympic, I mean using marathon. Marathon is the manifestation of inequality becoming anarchic. It has become absurd and meaningless put differently when formal equality of opportunity becomes unfair it gives rise to anarchy. Whenever increasing size of inequality brings enormous pressure on aspirations on the formal equality of opportunity it is bound to give rise to anarchy. Inequality with anarchic possibilities in Indian case find its expression in the pressure that social groups seems to be bringing on the claims of inequality. We can explain this by starting enormity of aspirations. For example, more than 7 lakh, more than 7 lakh or maybe 10 lakh applicants apply for 700 positions in IIS. What an enormous pressure of aspirations on inequality. It can't take that burden. About 23 lakh, and this is Ravish, NDTV Ravish who is giving all these details. 23 lakhs people applying for 300 posts, lower division clerks in UP. Upper caste, demonic reservations, anarchy. Lower caste participating in marathon of inequality. All these developments are symptomatic of anarchy, anarchic nature of inequality. I am leaving it to you whether they are anarchic or not. Several lakhs of Dalits who are incarcerated in obnoxious labour such as scavenging and rack peaking only suggest the limits of inequality. There is no incentive. Is there incentive in scavenging? So that is the problem. So enormous. So this is anarchic. Dalit aspiring to become capitalist does amount to moral anarchy. I have not heard this language Dalit aspiring to become capitalist some 20, 30 years back. Today it has become an anthem for the Dalit emancipation. Dalit aspirations to become capitalist put emphasis on what is rationally good rather than what is morally right. What is rationally good and what is morally right? There is a qualitative difference between two expressions. Those Dalits who are asking for share in the exploitation of resources and natural resources are rational in as much as they are actually trying to become rich. They find it perfectly rational to ask for share in exploiting the environmental resources and this is what they did some 2 years ago. And I was attacked by this when I said this is nonsensical to ask for exploitation of natural resources. A quota in exploitation of natural resources that is the demand. Is it not an absurd demand? You have to guide me on this. But is it morally right to ask for the share in exploitation of environmental resources? Therefore the difference between what is rational and what is morally right. What is rationally good can be morally absurd and anarchy as the Dalit case shows. Now the most difficult part. How do scholars respond to such anarchy as I choose to see it? Is it intelligible to them? The answer is no. Those who are actually endorsing the case of Dalit or anybody becoming capitalist do not see this marathon or the pressure of aspirations that is brought on the claims of inequality. And I have only one name which is a very obvious name. A very lengthy article that person wrote support arguing that Dalits are now arrived at equality. You can guess it. I am not going to divulge the name. They seek to make it intelligible to themselves and to some interested parties, maybe World Bank, through making a fictional claim on inequality. They think that inequality has become fictional. Actually they are actually fictionalizing inequality that is there, starkly present in the life conditions of women, adivasi, denotified type and Dalit. So they actually seek to fictionalize inequality. Inequality in its core form, social and economic material is made to look absurd through its fictionalization by some commentators who are supposed to be the friends of Dalit. Prominem among such commentators are those who have invented millions of entrepreneurs and thousands of million years from among the Dalits. This is there in the article. And Dickey, Dalit industry chambers and commas is one obvious example. These commentators however attribute the rise of Dalit entrepreneurs to the dynamics of neoliberal economic system. However, such a rosy reading of Dalit, I argue, tends to fictionalize the question of inequality in Dalit's situation. Such reading does not follow any methodological protocols. That's a different thing. For example, if they fail to provide any matching counter-example in order to substantiate their claim. Put differently, these commentators only assert their claims without any analytical argument that can go in explaining the rise of Dalit million years. Who on their own, the commentators do not actually assert their claims by the force of argument. This is just the anecdotal celebration of Dalit arrival to capitalism. Why there is a methodological problem? Because they are not providing any data. Thousands of million years from among the Dalits. Where are they? Millions of entrepreneurs among the children. Where are they? It is simply anecdotal celebration of Dalit arrival. This is actually Dalit capitalism is actually writing on the oral history. And there is no written history of capitalism. But this is something actually methodological blasphemy to say the least. So they base Dalit capitalism on oral history of anecdotal celebration of success stories. Such scholars highlight only a few cases of success as against the failures of the millions. They put premium on the agency aspect of successful Dalit but ignores the structure that underlie and renew new forms of inequality. In fact they endorse the role played by new liberal economy in order to celebrate this individual success. In concrete terms however it may be true a few hundred Dalits or maybe few Dalits are vandals to have acquired personal wealth. And such concrete outcome may be rationally good for the individual. But such outcome may not be morally right. In the context of the vast majority of the Dalits continue to remain vulnerable to worst of conditions. Or denied access to what is morally minimum for them. One needs to underline the normative difference between the conception of good and conception of the rights. I have mentioned this point. Now it would be morally anarchic or absurd to suggest that the rise of some multimillionaire from among the Dalits have made inequality. So it would be morally anarchic or absurd to suggest that the rise of some multimillionaire from among the Dalits who are actually 19 crores. And make this inequality disappear from the 19 crores is simply a big problem. Millions of the Dalits in fact are millions miles away from even the threshold realization of inequality. What these commenters don't understand is that millions of Dalits are millions miles away from the threshold of equality. They do not know what is equality and yet you are making these claims. Now you have many scholars right from Popola to Jayathi Ghosh to Chippichandrasekhar to KP Khan. Everybody is showing that look here there is inequality growing. But these people do not really take into consideration the gross inequality that is prevalent among the Dalits. Only a few darling figures are brandished through televisions and through writings to World Bank. Now what is my problem with them? My problem with these people is that they do not see what is in front of them. They look at paradise of capitalism.  Dalit people getting killed in manhole. Thousands of them, lakhs of them are scavengers, lakhs of them are rat pickers. Most of them are footloose labor. All this is there in front of them. But they don't look at this. But they look at this beyond the existential. And this is the problem. This is actually a moral problem with these commentators who want to see Dalit becoming capitalist. Now this is one story. And in marathon, we will see a marathon of course they don't see even the marathon. And the marathon is writ large. In marathon, of course there is no discipline. In Olympic, I am just using athletic metaphor. In marathon, I mean you have this goal but you don't have discipline. People run. And that's why internal reservation is marathon. Subcast asking for reservation is a marathon. Some kind of a marathon. Now, so this is one problem of the commentators who are fictionalizing inequality. And there is no inequality in Dalit case or in tribal case. Everything is fine. If people are there to become capitalist entrepreneurs. Actually there are writings, bulk of writings happening. Some of the exclusion studies people want them to become capitalists. That is the desire. So, what is important in this narrative of the commentator is the individual success rather than the collective appointment. My question is, is it in line with what Ambedkar was thinking? It is against Ambedkar. Fundamentally against Ambedkar. And he would say and I am just quoting him that individual success may be great and you can respect. But it is not worthy of imitation. You can't imitate it. And that is the complain of Dr. Bauer-Sambedkar against the individual success. So would you suggest that you become capitalist? The answer is no. Now the last section. I do have some few minutes. It is about now Satish. There is another problem. That is with the concept of intersectionality. Now intersectionality does not really locate inequality in its structural foundation, structural location, materiality and you can say mode of production. It tries to locate problems of inequality. Is it in its agency? Let me look at it. Intersectionality may be useful in terms of analytical take on complex nature of inequality. Those who are actually pursuing this idea of intersectionality tend to believe that inequality is not simple and pure. It is complex. You can prove that. Intersectionality seeks to look at inequality not as a basic challenge emanating from the shrinking opportunity structures but as something which gets disaggregated into discrete challenges facing different groups. I mean there are challenges which are not one. There are different challenges and those challenges are coming up from people who are differently located. Women, Dalit, Adivasi, Third Sex, all these are sections on which have their own specific problem. Similarly the language of intersectionality which has become so important these days. Even at the level of some of the international agencies deflect our attention from the structures of inequality and restrict inequality to its subjective expression of social groups. So it is inequality is nothing material but it is simply the subject to expression. I may be wrong, so please correct me if I am misreading. The language of intersectionality therefore seeks to separate inequality from its structural foundation and which actually produce different and worst possible experience for different social groups. For examples, meal workers in Mumbai after the closure of textile mills becoming vendors, becoming rag pickers. One example and Rudy might know this because we have seen this after they were displaced from textile mills they became vendors. Some of them became scammers say the least. Now this is because of the structural constraint not because of the subject to expression. Let us take this into consideration. Intersectionality seeks to identify inequality with multiple sociological locations that seems to house in them what could be seen as fragmented claims about inequality. The claims are not unitary but fragmented. Intersectionality suggests that inequality has its basis in fragmented social reality and hence it is further suggested that inequality has to be assessed and analysed in terms of its irreducible complexity. In irreducible complexity has to be underlined. I mean complexities cannot be reduced to explain into simplicity. Inequality has to remain very very complex all the time therefore you have to find out complex solutions to complex reality. Put differently inequality in its fragmented form tends to produce plurality of experience which in turn is shaped by different social identities. Intersectionality as the framework then seeks to suggest the following. It is not equality for which social groups are competing. Intersectionality is suggesting the following. It is not equality for which social groups are competing. But it is inequality that is becoming competitive. I am confusing myself now. I am saying if you look at intersectionality what follows from this framework that the social groups are not competing for equality. But it is inequality for which they are competing. Reservation within reservation for example. That is it. And therefore you have a hierarchy. You know you have then there are people who would say oh Malas are better than Madigas. Madigas are better than somebody else. Madigas may be. So that kind of competition for inequality is in order. And it is no problem for the intersectionality people. Inequality hence becomes a positive reference point and not equality. One could understand these intersectional assertions that are associated with intra-group social conflict in almost all in almost all the regions of India. And I have listed them in Jumbayan Kashmir for example may not know. The Bhagats who are SCs are there is a lot of envy about by the Mahishas and the Bhagats. Bhagats are the higher caste among the Dalits and Mahishas are down. So there is a symmetry. Unlike why there are there are binaries that are conflicting pairs in each state. For example in Haryana, Punjab, UP, BR particularly three the Valmiki's and the Chamars. So this is the problem. So all these are social goods fighting for some kind of a claim. This reading on equality however radically it radically undermines Ambedkar's conception of inequality. Now this is very important as far as I can see. In his conception, now since we are in Samath and left world is actually interested in bringing Mahish and Ambedkar together. Not mechanically but very very dialectically. Let me submit your kind consideration, revolutionary consideration. What does Ambedkar think about inequality? Does it go very close to Mahish's understanding of inequality? That is my plea. So intersectionality directly militates against the revolutionary conception of Ambedkar. Revolutionary conception of inequality as propounded by Ambedkar. In his conception, inequality has been comprehended as a pure and simple form of reality emanating from material deprivation of the people. This conception runs counter to graded inequality as has been coined by Ambedkar himself. So what he is suggesting to us is graded inequality which might find some salience with the language of intersectionality is of real culprit in terms of achieving pure and simple inequality of all the exploited. For him, bringing discrete forms of inequality, intersectionality as I mentioned, at one level of political articulation is possible. Once we convert graded caste based inequality into its simple and pure form, graded inequality is a problem. As again, this material inequality is the solution, is a pure and simple form that inequality has to acquire in order for it to become politically articulated. According to Ambedkar's radical conception of inequality, it is politically urgent for those to move away from the graded nature of inequality to its pure and simple form. Now, is it a subjective expression or subjective desire? Now, that people actually are pushed to one level of inequality, that is material. Then what will happen to gender inequality? What will happen to social inequality? What will happen to other forms of inequality? I mean, those who are actually interested in producing multiple forms of inequality, I don't think are interested in making these social groups advance towards equality. You should actually move further away and away from equality, remain stuck to different forms of inequalities which are not dynamic. Inequality has to be dynamic and I would like to submit to your consideration. First two decades, I think there was some kind of dynamism in inequality. What was the employment rate then? Two percent, I mean, this is the data. First two decades, I think it was two percent employment rate and the anomaly was 2.5. So very closely following. So there was some dynamism. For example, people had three jobs at the same time and there was a choice to select one. Now, is there a choice? When you actually are pushed into different sectional forms of inequality, you will lose this unification of one simple pure inequality. You are always reduced to your irreducible complexities and I don't think it is really good for transcending inequality. You will actually accentuate perpetuate inequality and then organize your struggle for your specific inequality. And this is a politically unviable project and we must think about it seriously. This is not an Ambedkar project. Ambedkar project and mass project would say, look here, you have to bring them at same level of the feeling of or intense feeling of inequality. But how do you do it? Is it a subject to desire? You have to objectively look at what are the structures and how they are producing inequality in different forms, not in terms of only income, not in terms of wealth, not in terms of pure status elevation. But you have to really get that sense of equality of feeling relevant with some quality of life. And quality of life is not my word. There has to be a moral minimum quality of life. If you go from one equality to another equality and the Dalits are actually going from Dalit water and landing up into very very disgraceful degraded slums in Mumbai or any other part. So your journey is from inequality to inequality, from bad quality of life to bad quality of life. You might say they are now getting electricity, they are getting water, but is that the only purpose of your life? What kind of life do you really have in slums? Who are these people? So this is the real, so is there a suggestion that you must reduce everybody to slums? No, it is not the suggestion. You have to work out different forms of inequality and organize people around that. But you have to actually transcend this, cross these barricades of intersectionality, of the commentators, all this. This is just a wishful thinking. I must stop here. Thank you very much.


Therefore, it's time for members' statements. The member from Bruce Gray, Owen Sound. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. May is Celiac Awareness Month in Canada, and I'm pleased to rise and to wear my ribbon here, along with my colleagues today to help increase awareness of the daily challenges facing insurance with Celiac disease and gluten sensitivity, which is estimated to affect one in 2% of our population. Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune disorder whose symptoms are triggered by gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and other greens. People living with Celiac disease cannot absorb protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, or minerals, all of which are necessary for good health, Mr. Speaker. At present, there's no cure other than a lifelong gluten-free diet, and yet the prevalence is increasing and only 10% to 20% of cases are currently diagnosed. That is why it's important for us all, including our medical providers and health advocates, to continue to increase public awareness about the importance of early diagnosis of Celiac disease. People need to be alert to some of the atypical signs of the disease, which can develop at any age, such as anemia, poor bone health, reproductive problems, elevated liver disease, and neurological symptoms. The average delay in diagnosis is 11 years due to the similar signs and symptoms of other disorders and conditions. The impact of delayed diagnosis can result in bone loss, iron deficiency, neurological disorders, liver problems, reproductive difficulties, and cancers of the stomach and esophagus. The executive director of the Canadian Celiac Association, Melissa Seacourt, a constituent of my colleague, Ten Arnott from Halton Hills, encourages all individuals who suspect they have Celiac disease or gluten sensitivity to speak with their doctors as soon as possible and be tested before any long-term health implications take effect. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Thank you for the member's name. It's the member from Hamilton Mountain. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. Today is International Workers' Day, or as some may know it, May Day. It is a day that is celebrated around the world in recognition of workers' rights. Workers will march through the streets in protest for better working conditions and fair wages. In my city of Hamilton, workers will gather and rally behind those who are on strike or those who are faced by CCAA. It is a day to recommit to the work that needs to be done, to ensure that workers are treated fairly in the workplace. On Saturday, I joined the Hamilton and District Labor Council and workers from across the city at the day of morning ceremony. It was a rainy Saturday morning, but it did not stop the hundreds who attended and packed our city hall. Day of morning is a solemn ceremony where we grieve for their dead and fight for the living. We heard directly from injured workers who fight daily to receive benefits that are needed through WSIB claims. Measures used such as deeming and medical overturns that strip injured workers of owed benefits. We heard from healthcare workers who face injury and assault as part of their daily routine. Speaker, I'm very proud to be part of a city with such a strong labor community that it has made a huge contribution to our city and continues to fight for workers' rights. Thank you. Thank you for their member status, the member from Ottawa South. Thank you very much, speaker. Speaker, today is doctor's day and it's an important day to highlight the important role that doctors play in our communities, whether it's in a doctor's office, in our local hospitals and clinics, in our research labs or in our homes. Doctors play an important role in our lives for almost 20 years. I've worked with doctors to strengthen healthcare in the community I live in and across Ontario, whether it was saving CHEO's cardiac unit, building a new regional cancer centre, or improving access to palliative and end-of-life care in Ontario. Doctors have been a key part of the success in those collaborations. In my mandate for palliative and end-of-life care, I've worked with doctors like Nahid Desani, Darren Cargill, Andrew May, Jose Pereira. Their dedication to their patients and their families at a very vulnerable time is incredible and they're many more like them. My family has had great doctors. Dr. Barry Adams, who is my pediatrician, as well as our children's, and there was a bit of overlap there with one, but that's a story for another day. And there's Dr. Tad Pearsonowski, my dad's dermatologist who listened to him and took a genuine interest in him and his overall health.  We can't thank him enough. I also had the pleasure of meeting Dr. Nadia Lam last week at Spots for Docs. I'd like to congratulate her on assuming her role as President of the OMA, and I look forward to working with her and doctors to continuously improve our healthcare system. Thank you, Speaker. Thank you for their members. Say, Mr. Members, from Oxford. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. Mr. Speaker, earlier today we raised the Dutch flag to celebrate Dutch Heritage Month. Coming from Holland this month holds a special meaning for me. It's an opportunity to recognize the many contributions of Dutch Canadians. It's also a time to remember the powerful bonds of friendship that developed between the Dutch and Canadians during World War II. On May the 5th, the Netherlands celebrates Liberation Day and remembers those soldiers who put the freedom of a nation above their own lives. I still remember my mother's stories about liberation. The Canadian soldiers who freed Holland are the reason why my father brought his family to Canada and why the ties of friendship between Holland and Canada to this day. In 1945, the Netherlands Crown Princess, Juliana, presented Ottawa with 100,000 tulips to recognize the Canadian soldiers who liberated the Netherlands and as a thank you for providing sanctuary for her and her family during the war. The Tulip Festival, which is still held each year, is a commemoration of liberation, and is a great symbol of that lasting friendship. Thank you to the Council General Ann Lee Geluuk for joining us today and sharing in this recognition of Dutch heritage. I would also like to thank all those who came out to celebrate the rich history of the Netherlands and to work to keep the tradition alive and to the veterans who allowed me to be born in a liberated Holland, Dunker, which of course means thank you. We will continue to honor your legacy and also, Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank you for being out there and bringing greetings on behalf of the province. Dunker. Member Stevens, the member from Tomiskemi Cochrane. Yesterday, or last week, Speaker, it was announced in my writing through a press release out of Sudbury that we are getting at the Tomiskemi Lodge in Halibur is getting 46 new long-term care beds. First of all, I'd like to congratulate the Tomiskemi Lodge for all the work they've done to get those 46 long-term care beds. It's a big deal in our community. Would have been nice if actually it had been announced in our community. I would have been happy to do that on behalf of the government. I'd like to thank the government. It's public dollars. I would like to thank the government, but they didn't really have the courtesy to actually let anyone know in our writing that this was happening. And that's part of the issue with this government. But I'd also like, while we're talking about long-term care beds, like to mention the Northland Lodge in Inglert. It's a degrade long-term care home. And one of the few left in Ontario. The community is working hard, working together to try and get this long-term care home to get these beds revitalized to make it the home it should be. The staff there are great, but the home itself, it's in tough shape. And the community is working together. They're really happy for the Tomiskemi Lodge, but this home needs to be looked at because these people, and I'd like these people to word, I'd like to thank Andy Pupor. He's the president of the Northland Pioneer Club, sent us a letter last week talking about that, in a place like Inglert, as people get older in their golden years, they don't want to have to travel miles and miles and miles to see their friends and their relatives in long-term care homes. So we're going to continue to work with the Northland Lodge to get them revitalized as well. Thank you, Speaker. Thank you. For the member of the state, it's the member for me, it's the Lawrence. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Today, I'd like to speak on behalf of farmers and residents and decent people from Niagara Scarpment, to Niagara Wine Country, to the King City area north of Toronto, to the Northumberland Hills, who are outraged by the announcement yesterday by the Conservative Party, that they are going to sell off chunks of the green belt, chunks of the green belt to the biggest developers in Canada. People are outraged because people know this is grade one and grade two farmland. That's the only grade one and two farmland left in the GTA. They're going to give it away. It's also where our fresh water comes from. The headwaters of Duffins Creek, the Credit River, the Humber, they are going to give this away, pave it over and reward their big development friends. This is wrong. The people in Niagara, the people in Northumberland, the people in North York, or the people all over Southern Ontario say this is wrong. This is a secret backroom deal. We won't stand for it. Save, don't pave the green belt. Thank you. Before we move on to the next statement, just a reminder, we're still in warnings. It never stops. Once it starts, it stops the next day. Thank you. Members, Davids, the member from here on Bruce. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. It's my pleasure to stand today and reflect upon the 41st Parliament. And it is always an honour to be able to stand on behalf of the amazing people in my riding of here in Bruce and talk about things that are near and dear. Over the last number of years, we stood up and defended the tools that farmers need in terms of being best at what they do. We defend science-based decisions and the whole issue that evolved around Neonix was absolutely unacceptable. Another thing that was unacceptable over the last number of years is the matter in which the horse-raising industry was decimated under this Liberal government. Another thing that I can't help to reflect upon is the Green Energy Act, the jerking the municipalities around with promises of money only to take it away. Bill 148 actually is a huge worry that we hear.  The cap-and-trade carbon tax, that's just making life more affordable in Ontario, the out-of-control executive compensation, the cooking of the books while the debt is out of control, and making life more affordable generally speaking. Those are just some of the things, but there have been really good things as well. We've encouraged young people to be engaged with Queen's Park, be it the OLIP programme. I've had eight interns over the last 10 years, the pages that have come from here in Bruce. Those who have also participated in model parliament. CWP has been a tremendous experience. Speaker, thank you so much for all you've done. Thank you. That's a good way to get yourself an extra 10 seconds, I appreciate that. The member statements, the member from St. Catharines. One of the main reasons I decided to run for public office at the provincial level was to protect our valuable farmland, green fields, wetlands, ravines, river streams, and environmentally sensitive areas from unwise and reckless development. This is unorthodox, that the speaker has to stand during statements. No, I don't like that either. Yep, another clock please. Let's try it again. One of the main reasons I decided to run for public office at the provincial level was to protect our valuable farmland, green fields, wetlands, ravines, river streams, and environmentally sensitive areas from unwise and reckless development. When our government was elected to office in 2003, urban communities were sprawling at a dangerous rate, and tens of thousands of acres of precious land were being gobbled up for development. To counter this worrisome trend, our government created the largest permanent green belt anywhere in the world that protects almost two million acres of pristine land and fresh water. Unfortunately, in the Niagara region, because of land use decisions made in the 1970s, prime agricultural land with special soils and a unique microclimate conducive to the growing of tender fruit were paved over and lost to the greater good forever. People of all political persuasions have lauded this initiative and expressed support for the green belt and would be appalled and extremely concerned when they viewed a video of PC Party Leader Doug Ford promising developers to open up a big chunk of Ontario's green belt for development, admitting that he had already talked to some of the biggest developers in the country. Most people would agree with Joni Mitchell, who implored us not to pave paradise to put up a parking lot. Very good. Very good. Further amendments to statements? A member from Central York. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker, and it's a pleasure to be able to rise today and make a few comments about Speaker Lavak. He is Ontario's longest serving speaker and has served in the role since 2011, having been elected twice. This illustrates the regard his fellow colleagues have for him. As members of the legislature, we place our trust in voting for the speaker as the one whose decisions will be final and respected. Being the speaker is not always easy. It requires a constant balance and firm approach to all decision making. Speaker Lavak provided that style of leadership. It has been a pleasure to serve as a deputy speaker with him. But his excellence and his reputation has gone beyond the precinct here. A short while ago, I attended an event hosted by Robert Land Academy in celebration of Speaker Lavak. Speaker Lavak was winning the inaugural John Brandt Award. This is an award designed to recognize community leadership and the values of the Robert Land Academy. And these are loyalty, labor, commitment, courage, and honor. I wish Speaker Lavak the very best in his retirement and thank him for his many contributions to Ontario. Thank you. I'd like to give her another minute and a half. I had to say that to make sure I didn't get the point. But coming from the longest serving female in Ontario's history, I'm honored to have heard your words and consider you not only a friend, but a very classy lady. So thank you very much. I'd like to thank all members for their statements, especially Julius. Sorry I shouldn't say that. But it is now time for reports by committees. The member from Oxford.


Hey YouTube, Shaber1000 here, and I got monkey 1000. So we got a little announcement, it's not really an announcement, it's just we're going to be live next Friday, which would be, I'm not sure what day that is, I'll put it on the screen here. At 8pm Eastern time, we're going to do a live stream, and this was kind of her idea. Okay, remember I ate the 18 deviled eggs, right? And I told her I should do one where I try to beat that record and at least eat 20.  She said pickled eggs, that would be better, and I'm like, okay, you're on. So I'm going to try to eat a whole jar of pickles, or not pickles. Pickled eggs. Pickled eggs. There's a lot of challenges out there that people just want to eat a pickled egg, and they call that a challenge. I want to see if I need a whole jar, and that was her idea.  I didn't quite say that, I did say, oh, now there you go, that's a good one. So we've been looking on the internet for a couple of hours, and no one's done that. So yeah, not that we can find, not saying they're not out there, but if there is, there's not very many, because most of them is just a challenge on eating a pickled egg. Well, it used to be walking in a barred pub, there was a big ol' fricking jar of them on the table, 25 cents, 50 cents, whatever, and a little tongs, you got you out a pickle, and an egg and ate it. Right. But it's going to be pickled eggs. Pickled eggs. Next Friday, at 8 p.m. Eastern time, so if you're out west or midwest, adjust your times accordingly, and we'll see what happens. It's going to be live, so hopefully I don't throw up or something. I'll have a bucket. Yeah, I might need one, because I can sit and eat six hard boiled eggs, eight hard boiled eggs, no problem. The mini ego soaking them in like vinegar stuff, pickled stuff, it's a whole different ball game, but I'm going to try it and we'll go from there and see what happens. So, alright guys, remember next Friday, like I said, the date was on the screen there, I'll do it again right there, and 8 p.m. Eastern time, adjust your times accordingly, we'll be live and we'll see you there. Here are the next couple clips of, I had trouble getting this video started, so we'll see you the next one, Shabir and the Man of Legends, and gone for now, month. Mike Sist out, bye y'all. Bye guys. Hey, everything, Monkey 1000 here, today we're, I'm trying to film. Hey, everything. What'd I say? Hey, everything. Hey, monkey, today we've got a little announcement. Hi. I'm trying to film. Well, you do it right? What'd I say? Hey, monkey. I said you too.  They're not going.  What? He's like a disappear. He's not. He disappeared. I don't think he's here, Christ. I'm ready.


So I haven't spoken much about Blair White on the program before but for those of you who are unfamiliar with her She's essentially the transgender equivalent of Dave Rubin. She's a willing useful idiot for conservatives She enables their transphobia endorses usually transphobic things and policies and I'm assuming hoping at least that she gets paid for her services, you know, I feel bad for her It's honestly sad that she does this and she's willing to throw her own community under a bus But that's who she is basically a Dave Rubin version for transgender people So she decided to own the libs or try to own the libs on Twitter Following news about Joe Biden's administration potentially cancelling a student loan debt So this is what she wrote Imagine believing a five-year-old can pick their gender but 18 year olds can't consent to student loans So she's playing right into this transphobic trope that we've seen lately with the Republican Party and their propagandists You know, no one is trans. No child is trans. They're always, you know indoctrinated into this woke Gender ideology by their liberal parents except my question for Blair White is The shoe When did you feel if you can remember when do you feel like something was off that you were supposed to be a girl? Like five at five. Yeah, I remember being in preschool Like my earliest memories in life were feeling like the only way I can describe it was like a very intense misalignment between the way I was perceived and the way I had my self-concept So I would say five but obviously I didn't have the words to articulate it at five Is that so you realized that you were trans when you were five years old? Let's look at that tweet again Imagine believing a five-year-old can pick their gender but 18 year olds can't consent to student loans Oh, it's so good. This is amazing because it proves that conservatives have no ideology. They're simply reactionaries plain and simple I mean, they think that student loan debt cancellation on the left is a good thing. I think it's bad What's that leftist think that education should be free? I think that's bad What's that? They also believe that health care should be free at the point of service and somebody shouldn't die if they can't afford to Get health care. That's bad socialism bad. It's just it's astonishing to me. They have no Unique beliefs that originate from within them. They have no actual ideas about policy. It's just whatever their opponents want They fight them and say that's bad. It's just it's incredible.  They will never accept you They're using you as a tool and you're letting them do that and you're using Your identity as a trans woman to make the world a shittier place for other trans people I just I don't understand why you do that and she talks about how you know Oh well 18 year olds can't consent to student loans as if we have a choice, right?  It's either you take out the student loans or You don't go to college. That's where we're at in society like my family saved $0 for me to go to college, right?  Yeah, it should be no both adults You know you're a grown man. No, we're definitely adults I just think it's interesting how you act like you're above the ad hominems and you're above attacking someone when in reality You and I both know that the situation is you're using those pronouns and you're saying what you're saying calling me a grown man That's not an attack that's a fact. Let me finish that you're doing that in a way to be Pass progressive and petty but in a way that your audience doesn't actually read because you do you have the very hardcore Conservative audience and so they're not really gonna read as petty everyone else well I don't want them to think that this is a cat fight between two girls. It's not I'm saying No, it's very important because it really isn't though, but we can but we can move on because it really isn't about I'll shoot me in biology. Don't care about man I'm happy to call you a sheet for the rest that we can move on from the pronoun thing I would say but you have to start by calling me man.  I just I have no respect for them. I feel bad for them I feel bad for people like Blair white But you know, she does this to herself. So I love that she She decided to try to you know, uh, play to this trope that we're seeing from conservatives that you know This ideology this woke gender ideologies imposed on kids But yeah, you know, she got debunked by herself when she on Joe Rogan was honest and talked about how Well, yeah, I actually knew I was trans at a very young age. It wasn't imposed on me.  You're basically Validating what we all suspected that you're disingenuous and maybe it's for clicks. Maybe it's for cash Either way, I don't know how you sleep with yourself at night. Have some self-respect and human dignity Don't put yourself through this all for clout or a check Actually challenge their transphobic beliefs. Stop validating them Blair white.


Hello Hi, so now John and Christian will talk about self so This stage is yours. All right. Thank you very much good afternoon everybody and Welcome to our talk on distributed file storage and multi-tenant clouds using self of s My name is Christian Schweder. I'm working as a software engineer at redhead obviously and with me is Hello, my name is John spray. I'm also an engineer at red hat I'm the former maintainer of self of s and the current maintainer of the set manager demon All right So in this presentation We want to give you a brief overview about the key components that we are using to expose actually shared file systems Within an open-stack cloud we're going to introduce it to your open-stack manila and we will continue or John will continue with a self FS native driver implementation Next will be some information about is the NFS Ganesha driver, which is used lately and Has some improvements about the native or using the native self of s driver directly and At the end of the talk, we are going to give you an outlook on the future work That is happening right now with the upcoming open-stack queens release and beyond the queen's release So before we talk about the components that we are using let's quickly recap your delayed What's the challenge that we actually try to solve here? so what we want to do is we want to enable tenants or Administrators of virtual machines to expose or to use a shared file system across their virtual machines At the same time we want to be we want this shared file system to be tenant aware Meaning that we don't have like a single global shared file system for all the machines running there But only to a subset of the machines and another subset of machines from a different tenant Are not able to access of course data from from the tenant a for example The whole deployment should be self-managed Meaning that the tenant administrator from tenant a for example can set up create shares delete shares for their users and their virtual machines and The operator of the underlying open-stack cloud and the storage back ends don't need to Interact directly or need to set up the different file systems for the administrators As an operator of this cloud, I want to be able to reuse my actors Well, well, hopefully I want to be able to reuse my actually available storage back-end system So for example if I have already set running That exposes block storage. I don't want to add another software defined storage I want to reuse this existing storage former shared file systems So how do we solve that? Actually, we're using three different projects to solve this issue or this challenge first We have open stack Manila open stack Manila as a Open-stack shared file system service We're going to use staff as the software defined storage solution Backing up your open-stack cloud and we're going to use NFS Ganesha, which is a freely available NFS server implementation So let's have a look at open-stack Manila. The open-stack Manila is the open-stack Open-stack shared file system service. It actually exposes a bunch of well one API That your users and administrators of virtual machines can actually use to request of shared file system shares Delete shares create new shares stuff like that So as a tenant administrator that want to use a shared file system You send a request to the Manila API and the Manila API in the background There's a second service called the Manila share service Which actually talks directly to your storage cluster and the storage cluster then exposes for example an IP address where you can mount this shared file system and At the end of this the tenant administrator will get a back-end address an IP address for example That you can use then in your guest VM to actually mount this created share And finally your guest VM is talking directly to the storage back-end now This support existing within Manila for different back-end drivers Quite a few proprietary drivers that are well supported by the their vendors There are some generic drivers for open-source implementations But until the addition of surf of s there was no real production ready Open-source driver available Meaning for example that you have stuff like highly availability services running there so surf of s added this well features and With surf of s is it's now possible to run really a production load using open-stack Manila with a completely open source cloud deployment open-stack deployment, so Surf of s is actually a distributed POSIX file system that is built on top of liberators and radars the technology that actually Makes staff or is staff Staff itself is probably also already well known for example for its block storage service using radars block devices Radars block devices are often used together with open-stack sender to expose Volumes for your virtual machines running on open-stack, and it also exposes object services called using the radars gateway at GW Exposing an S3 and object and then swift compatible API implementation so The open-stack foundation is actually doing surveys twice a year typically before the open-stack summits and It turned out that most people more than 50% of the operators actually want to use surf of s as their back end for their Manila service, and there's a good reason for this as I mentioned early on most of the times when you have already a surf cluster running sender You might want to reuse this one right you want to use only a single software defined storage within your cloud and This drives actually is a demand to to use surf of s within Manila So before John is taking over and giving you a more detailed view on surf of s itself I want to explain a few key terms that we are using during this presentation When we actually deploy open-stack clouds Within redhead or for our customers at redhead We're using a concept or we're using a tool called triple O triple O actually means open-stack on open-stack and We have a so-called under cloud Which is basically a management node and this management nodes Then deploys and so-called over cloud this over cloud is shown here for example We have a bunch of controller nodes that for example expose API services Not only Manila, but let's say keystone as well the Nova API and so on and so forth The controller nodes are also running a distributed Maria DB cluster And other services as well, of course, we have some compute nodes where your virtual machines are running on later on And we have some storage nodes There's well, we are exposing or setting up actually a few different networks by deploying an over cloud And we have public networks that for example expose the API services to the users This is also called a control plane and we have some private network Networking networks that we're using for example for the storage traffic in the background And these are typically called data plane networks And our private and normally not seen by for example, I shouldn't be seen by the guest VMs actually All right That's that I think John's going to tell you a little bit more about stuff of us So the native driver for Manila is the simplest thing that we have at the moment It's been in open stack for a while now and it acts as the basis for what's coming in future releases When we say native in this context, we mean Very good performance because all of the guest VMs can talk to all of the OSDs and the self cluster That gives them a scale out level of bandwidth that means they're only limited by the bandwidth of their own network interface So if you want to get 10 gigabits or 40 gigabits or whatever of storage Into a virtual machine in an open stack cloud. This is a way you can do it It's fairly simple to deploy From the point of view of the person deploying the cloud itself because you're not deploying any extra Protocol gateways or anything like that. If you're running open stack on a fully open source platform The chances are you already have a staff cluster that you're using for RBD images via Cinder So you can use the same underlying staff cluster with a single Large CephFS file system and expose that as Manila volumes The way we implement the concept of a Manila volume in the CephFS native driver is simply as a directory So CephFS goes a little bit further than what's required by POSIX in terms of what it provides you it gives you per sub directory Quoters and per sub directory usage data that lets you Do an impression of a particular directory being its own file system So when you type DF on one of these subtree amounts You're getting that per subtree usage information and the quota is being enforced at that level So that when somebody asks for a 10 gigabyte Manila volume What we're really giving them is a directory with a 10 gigabyte quota There's a link there to a presentation from CERN who are using this driver at some scale already so here's the network diagram and The important part of this is the red section at the top where we have the Ceph storage network That's connected to all of the backing storage servers the V OSDs Which typically would be Separate from the networks that you exposed to your client workloads and the reason for that is that Ceph is It has some security built in it does have its own crypto and authentication and so on But that's not Designed for use in public. It's not the kind of thing you would expose directly to the internet and It's not the kind of thing you would usually expose to untrusted client workloads that somebody brought to you and asked to run your cloud so Tenant a and ten and b here are just both connected to the same network so they can potentially Interfere with each other somewhat And they can certainly run the risk of interfering with the underlying Ceph cluster The upshot of that is that you would only use the Ceph native driver if you trust your workplace And that is the case for quite a lot of open stack users as it turns out to begin with I expected this driver to have very little uptake because It has this drawback But we've had a bunch of people using it because it turns out a lot of people using open stack are just using it as a way To automate their infrastructure for their own workloads and for those people the security caveat is acceptable So to recap the pros here are the performance It's shown itself to be popular with users the implementation is very simple It's just a directory that somebody's mounting and I didn't mention a J But that's because there's nothing to it. The Ceph cluster already provides high availability in itself There's no extra effort needed to make the solution a J when it's used by Manila clients in an open stack environment And the downside to emphasize again is that we are giving user VMs direct access to the storage network Which is certainly not a best practice and is only acceptable if you Can justify it based on how much you trust your applications The other slide downside is that the clients Running inside the Nova VMs need the Ceph software installed to mount the Ceph file system So the Ceph client is in the Linux kernel So this isn't massively onerous, but it means that when you deploy your Your clients if there's a new version of Ceph coming out You need to worry about things happening inside your Nova VMs So again only works if you have a good a very good relationship with whoever is running your applications and whoever is building those VMs So having talked about what's wrong with the native driver. I'll pass back to Christian for the Current work. All right. Thanks John so Because of these drawbacks the engineers were actually looking into a different way how to expose the shared file systems to the users and What has been implemented is actually NFS backed service that exposes or that actually uses a Ceph FS and as the Ceph FS driver And exposes the shared file systems to the guest VMs using NFS services this is Completely will be completely integrated with the upcoming OpenStack Queens release which is coming out in a few weeks And I'm giving you a little bit more detail how this works So first of all we're using NFS Ganesha. Ganesha is a user space NFS server supporting multiple NFS versions and Built on a very or using a very modular architecture using pluggable file system abstraction layers and these file system abstraction layers already include different open source files Shares for example Glaster FS GPFS Luster and Ceph FS Ganesha makes it possible to actually Dynamically export and update the configuration without actually restarting the service itself So when you add a new share to to the Ganesha server, you don't need to restart it You just send a signal using the D bus protocol and it will update and export the new service for example It has also some Some metadata metadata cache Implemented and included So even if so when you're using NFS to access a shared file system Not all your requests need to go to the underlying storage back end, but some of them are already cached So how does it look like when you want to use the Ceph FS NFS implementation your tenant is for example using the horizon web interface or the manila command line interface and Sending a request to the manila API service The minute manila API service is then talking directly and natively first to the storage cluster running Ceph FS and Returning a directory pass Next the manila service will update and send the information to the NFS Ganesha gateway Which itself mounts this directory pass locally and exposes the NFS Service using the NFS protocol itself. So at the end of the day the administrator has an IP address with an NFS service that you can mount on your guest VMs Now this is all happening on the control plane. Let's have a look at the data plane So on the data plane it looks now a little bit different because your clients are no longer talking directly to the Ceph FS demons or the Ceph demons But only talking to the Ganesha NFS gateway This has some benefits of course because we can better isolate traffic from each other And as John mentioned the drawbacks that we have when using Ceph FS directly are no longer Come into play here, but it adds Actually, well a kind of man in the middle here in the data pass So you need to need to run the Ganesha service in an HA mode highly available mode Otherwise it would become a single point of failure So what we're doing here when we set up an open stack deployment using triple O we're running pacemaker to Enable or to run Ganesha an active passive mode If we look at the again at the network level We now create a new network for just for the NFS traffic itself And the tenants are no longer directly connecting to the Ceph network But to this NFS network and Ganesha is also connected to this NFS network so You might wonder actually If both tenants use the same NFS network to access the data services, you might see traffic from it's up each other Well Manila actually triggers or creates Open-stack Neutron security rules to isolate traffic between the different tenants from each other as I mentioned We're running pacemaker on the controller nodes within our triple O deployed Environment so there's a concept was in triple O called composable roads and Composable roads actually make it possible that you for example define a set of nodes that are running specific services and It might be well It would be a nice idea to actually run a few standalone nodes just for the Ganesha services and With their own pacemaker cluster however The pacemaker cluster at the moment is tied to the controller nodes because it's also controlling other services as well So we can't easily remove or move the pacemaker service to a different node so pacemaker needs to run on the controller nodes and because of that Ganesha itself needs to run on the controller nodes and For example needs to restart The Ganesha container Ganesha is running container rise in and your releases with an open stack triple or within triple O Needs to restart it on a different node So to summarize What are the benefits using the sepaf s NFS driver implementation? We have better security because we can actually isolate the user virtual machines from the sepaf FN step network And it's demons. We already have familiar NFS semantics that are included in most guest operating systems Which is for some guests or for some operators were pretty important because you can for example add self-drivers to your let's say proprietary guest system and But instead NFS itself is widely supported already out of the box We have some past separation in the back-end storage system and By using open stack newtron network policies We can actually enable or enforce that the back-end traffic is Isolated from tenant to tenant and that gives us a possibility to run it more in an opens in a public cloud environment Compared to for example private cloud deployment where you can trust your virtual machines But there are also some drawbacks here so as I mentioned Ganesha as a man in the middle now in the data pass and your guests are no longer directly to the HAA enabled or HAA ready self cluster, but to the only to the Ganesha cloud service So what we would like to do is actually we would like to run best would be to run Ganesha in an active active mode Or run for example Ganesha in a way that we spawn a separate Ganesha Instance for every tenant so instead of setting up a single Ganesha service When we deploy the open-stack cloud we could well we could actually do Start a Ganesha service per tenant on-demand and by doing so we would Increase the performance that we get out of this total service and I'm not exposing like a single point of failure Because you only have a single Ganesha service running And with that said I'm giving over to John again Was giving you an outlook on what comes next So it's fairly clear that we've got the native driver that gives you great performance and simplicity But has a big security problem and the NFS driver Which is much easier to use and much more generally applicable but has some innate limitations in terms of performance Naturally we want to build a scale out NFS solution The way we want to do that is to have a tighter integration between Ceph and Ganesha Pacemaker and Chorus Inc. are very useful tools for HA up to a certain scale But we envisage that in the future we're going to have NFS demons that need to scale out potentially as far as Ceph scales out so potentially up to hundreds And we'll also want to have Ganesha demons That are created on a per tenant or per share basis So we'll have a much larger volume of these than Pacemaker Chorus Inc. will be able to handle Ceph fortunately already has lots of general purpose bits for keeping its own services running so we intend to put a wrapper around NFS Ganesha and Run it in a way that it's slaved to the Ceph cluster That should also make it simpler to deploy because there's no extra configuration to do for Chorus Inc. Pacemaker And also easier to use for users in general of Ceph so whether you're running with Manila or any other Environment we can potentially give you a single command that both creates the file system and configures the scale out NFS on top of it Kubernetes comes in here as well So there are a number of efforts ongoing at the moment to bring Ceph into Kubernetes environments Not only to provide the storage to applications running in those environments But also to take advantage of what Kubernetes can do To run our services to keep our services up scale them and so on and that will apply to NFS Ganesha So when Ceph wants to create a new Ganesha demon it will ask Kubernetes to do that for it Whether your application is based on Kubernetes or not So even if you're on a traditional open-stack cloud You would still probably be using Kubernetes behind the scenes if you wanted a Ceph cluster that could Provide this kind of capability for you So here's a diagram of what that solution looks like Manila is still there in the top left and it's calling down to The MGR there is the Ceph manager demon. It's one of the demons in a Ceph cluster and It asks the manager to create and delete shares for it and on Manila's behalf the manager calls out to the bottom there to Kubernetes and Asks it to create these pods that contain a new service that we intend to create called NFS Gw Which is a sort of analog to our Gw the rados gateway, but it's doing NFS and Those pods would be the the data path for the user applications. You see Korea is mentioned in the bottom left of that diagram as well That's about the network configuration that goes with this so as well as creating NFS demons per tenant We will also need to be doing network configuration per tenant to give them The right level of isolation. That's very much an emerging area in Kubernetes Traditionally Kubernetes pods only had one IP and that was all you got but things are moving fairly quickly in Kubernetes and We imagine that things like these storage containers will be a sort of early adopter of the new improved Stuff that's going to be out there in Kubernetes So this is the the sort of third revision of that same basic diagram But this time you can see tenant a and tenant B are both talking to their own Ganesha They're not sharing anything at all anymore. They're fully isolated, which is kind of what we wanted to begin with So this isn't trivial and it's not all just plumbing Making a scale out Ganesha cluster on top of Cephs has some challenges Running it to begin with is very easy. You can download Ganesha and do this today It's a shared file system. You can put multiple front ends in front of it. That's all fine But when a failover happens, we need a little bit more Stuff happening here. So NFS clients have some state with their NFS server But the NFS server is also a second client That creates a fair bit of complication in terms of what order you restart services in when a failover happens But also at what points you have to put the NFS services into what they call grace So when you put an NFS demon into into grace, it means that it's not going to let any clients take any any new locks or accessing new files until The failed demon that we're currently replacing has come back and that's to prevent locks getting stolen and provide the right Semantics for the user application It's quite an obscure aspect of Implementing NFS that most people aren't familiar with But it becomes very important once you start doing active active NFS and scaling it out, especially when you're putting it on top of another system Which is doing its own HA underneath in this case Ceph even further out MDS is in Ceph clusters the metadata servers are themselves a scale out cluster So we'll want to scale out the MDS is at the same time we scale out the MDS demons to let you do Things like small file workloads efficiently NFS delegations Will speed up these workloads a lot For certain applications that don't want to keep doing lots of round trips all the way down to the Ceph cluster that allows the So a delegation allows the Ceph cluster to say to the NFS demons Okay, you manage this file for the moment. You don't have to ask me to do more accesses to it PNFS parallel NFS Everybody's been waiting years for PNFS. It might still happen one day In the context of Ceph What that might look like is us putting a little lightweight demon in front of each of the OSDs that allows PNFS traffic to go through it and what that would mean would be that an Individual NFS client even when going via NFS rather than Ceph as native protocol would be able to get the full bandwidth of the cluster And finally There's the use of this outside of open stack. So Manila is a fairly separable thing from open stack It will be interesting to see to what extent Manila gets reused in other environments But also to what extent the components that we're building here to support Manila get wrapped up in other environments So much of the same stuff that somebody wants in Manila. They'll also want in Kubernetes or any other container orchestrated environments. So we anticipate this Stuff that we're building into Ceph and on Ceph for Manila showing up in other frameworks as well That's all I've got. Thanks very much for your attention any questions That's what over here I did not So You're asking about Kerberos, which I didn't mention and That's because that's a general purpose NFS aspect and it doesn't change if you're using Ceph so Whatever Kerberos support exists in your NFS team and will still exist when you're running on Ceph I'm not an expert on that aspect So I think the question is When I'm running NFS on top of Ceph FS and both of them are doing sub mounts Sub-directory mounts. How are we tracking the metadata beneath that? So the metadata Inside Ceph is completely unchanged You can mount the overall file system that's storing these volumes and you will see all of the volumes as sub directories And you can even read and write to them safely at the same time Because our whole concept of a volume is this sort of sham where really it's just a directory We don't have to really make any changes at all and have the metadata stored on the back end Yes, it's it's still on Ceph FS. Yes, so that's sorry the question was Yeah, sorry, I forgot to repeat the question there It was will the NFS team and still run on Ceph FS or will they run directly on Ceph or the underlying rados? And the answer is it's still Ceph FS Just with a more nicely packaged NFS solution on top of it So the question is why are we doing file systems and not block devices? It's for workloads that require a shared file system So if you have a workload that requires storage, which is only accessed by 1vm at once then a block device works well But if you want a file system that will be accessed at the same time by many different nodes then Manila is what you want. So Cinder Cinder is still great for single single node access And Manila is primarily for people who want Shared file systems accessed by many nodes at once One last question. I'm sorry. I can't hear you. I'm sorry The question was when deploying the Queens version of all of this with the NFS solution Does it require any special dependencies or configuration? Especially on the network side So within the Queens release, it will be fully integrated on the triple O side So when you deploy an overcloud using the Red Hat's triple O Then it will be fully integrated already. You just need to enable it during the deploy time So when you're familiar with that with triple O you have a bunch of environment files that for example set various items networking stuff like that and With the Queens release it will be as simple as like just adding an additional included environment file and that will spawn up and Well deploy the Ganesha services and other services so you can just use it basically out of the box. That's the idea Okay, I think that's it. Thanks everyone


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