Well, hello Tansi Meo Ponepite Gisgao Hello, good afternoon. My name is to Kawis Nobis. I'm Plains Cresolto of the George Gordon First Nation, which is in Saskatchewan, Canada and I am the founder and executive director of Great Plains Action Society. We are a 100% led indigenous social and climate justice organization working in Iowa and eastern Nebraska and frankly, we do work throughout the Great Plains as well and a lot of national work with many national coalitions working on climate land and healing justice issues and I want to thank you for being here today and honoring us with your attentiveness while we discuss how indigenous folks are pushing back at big egg through the revitalization of indigenous first foods from like farm to table and Today our panel consists of indigenous folks working in various aspects of the food sovereignty and first foods realm Foxy one feather is Chichumeka of the Guanajuato from Guanajuato, Mexico and grew up here in Oakland She's a first food steward who has created gardens at the lower brool reservation and also here in Oakland Anthony warrior is Shawnee and the owner and operator of warriors plate catering and consulting in Nebraska and caters all over the Great Plains and Shelly Buffalo is Misquaki and a decolonial pathfinder who has coordinated the Misquaki first food sovereignty initiative and a Seedkeeper who has collaborated on several seed rematuration projects and so These are our Experts today that we're going to be hearing from but first I'm going to introduce I guess the reason for this panel, which is colonial capitalist farming practices and Talk about how experts like our panelists are working to solve This problem that has been created not just for indigenous peoples But for our earth and for all of us all living things living on on this earth So I don't know if any of you know this fact, but it's it is a very important fact to start off with according to the USDA Who shared a study found in rural America of all private U.S. Agricultural land whites account for 96% of the owners 97% of the value and 98% of the acres so this was published in 2002 But when you do further research into this you'll find that that number hasn't really changed much and also what that statistic tells us is that There's a correlation between what is happening in farming right via big egg colonial capitalist farming practices and The people who are carrying it out right so basically it is in a colonial invaders colonial settlers that have Implemented these practices that has got us to where we are right now And indigenous practices are basically the antithesis to this type of farming and so That's why we're here today so we can talk about that Because what happens in the process of colonization is The a theft of land and resources and then during that That aspect of it right during well during the whole process of colonization You have to mitigate the local population through you know either annihilation assimilation enslavement You know those those very violent means and and so That's actually what's happened to the land as well, right? the land itself has been Has gone through a very violent process Here in the US and Turtle Island and frankly all over the world right now Indigenous peoples make up 3% of the world's population, but they are protecting 80% of the world's biodiversity and so In the farming and ranching states of the Midwest such as Iowa and Nebraska Missouri and Kansas The push to oust and kill indigenous peoples for the land was severe and violent And I'm going to use Iowa as an example for this talk because Iowa is basically ground zero for big egg It is the most biologically colonized state in the country and the never one contributor to the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico So big egg really has taken over, but it's not just big egg I mean it really is colonial capitalist farming practices, which is sad to say but also something that we would say the family farmer also practices right so Iowa used to transition from Woodland at the Mississippi River to Oak Savannah and marshland and then to tall grass prairie so 80% of Iowa actually used to be tall grass prairie and as we know tall grass prairie Harnesses and sequesters a lot of carbon with roots 8 to 12 feet deep and it used to be as biologically diverse as some of our rainforests However, now it's as biologically diverse as a desert And This is a result of Over over use of land Like almost like maniacal use of land Turning crops over faster than you can you know imagine and You know so what we have just a ton of pesticides being sprayed which are frankly made up of petroleum products You know herbicides fertilizers and animal waste because we have a lot of KFOs and Big egg likes to tell us that spring pig waste is a form of fertilizer on our fields So there are folks in parts of Iowa and Nebraska and you know just the these states that are actually suffering from Really strange diseases because of that So, you know, we've got an issue with ethanol we have an issue with KFO is concentrated animal feed operations There are 15,000 of them in Iowa and Kim Reynolds the governor thinks we have room for 35,000 more There are 40 million pigs in Iowa and 3 million people and You know for instance, we could rematriate about 9 million acres of that land to back to tall grass prairie but right now we have a welfare system going on where farmers will like Plant like right up to a riverbank or on slopes over 9% or in marshland because if it The crops don't come through which they won't right Because of flooding and slopes they get some insurance on it. So You know, Iowa is not being utilized the way it should be utilized It's the only state that is bordered by the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers, which makes it super unique And not just Iowa, but like I'm just I'm using Iowa as our example But like Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska You know, South Dakota leave this whole area of the world the Great Plains is essentially exceedingly biologically modified and so We at Great Plains Action Society We are fighting, you know, big egg with drone footage actions, you know Working to change oppressive legislation like egg eggs or implement good legislation like factory farm moratoriums and basically working hard to educate the public About the consequences of colonial capitalist farming and the propaganda that is very far-reaching And so, you know big egg colonizes land and commodified food systems for ultimate profit And and as I said earlier indigenous pathways For food growth do not as PLPL mox mox chief of the Walla Walla said in 1855 Goods and the earth are not equal goods are for using on the earth. I do not know where they have given land for goods So as we're working hard our org to push back politically at big egg there are the very important indigenous culture bearers and ecological experts that are implementing the resurgence of first foods and food sovereignty and practices and Currently putting into practice what PLPL mox mox said a hundred and seventy years ago. So That's our intro and this is why we're here today To listen to the experts and I would like to introduce foxy one feather to Go next Nice to be here So I guess I will start by saying that I come from a family of more considered immigrants from Mexico But we weren't immigrants. We were migrants. We migrate everywhere before the border was there and so with that being said With that being said my grandparents were field workers. My parents were field workers and I worked in the field when I was younger and My mom worked really hard to keep me out of the fields, but I just couldn't I was always in the dirt and So she had a garden and with that I started growing food and started teaching my daughters how to grow food Then I relocated to Oakland when I was younger and saw that there was no community gardens The most of the places that we live either had a balcony or just windows So I started planting my gardens indoors Then my neighbors started noticing that I was having fruits and vegetables and then we I started showing them how to do it And then we started trading and I eventually got another place that had something maybe this big started planting there and then down the street there was an older Asian woman that came over with a basket one day and She had vegetables and we didn't speak the same language But she walked up and just kind of like this showed me this and it should point at some of the stuff I had in the garden and we traded and from that day forward I would come back and there would be a basket of vegetables and you know, she came and took vegetables from there So fast forward to 2016 There was this big call to go to Stanley Rock and I went one way to get Stanley Rock And I thought how can I help these people? Maybe I'll go help in the kitchen That didn't work out. So anyway Fast forward to after Stanley Rock. I end up in Eagle View and there was a garden there Space for a garden a woman was getting ready to plant but she couldn't commit So I said well, I don't have anything else to do. I'll stay and help So when I did the research when I first got there and we started planting I was thinking like what would they need and when I went to the local trading post there was Nothing available for them. So I thought well, they kind of need everything So we planted and planted from seed. I had people come and say you can't grow from seed here and Literally everything in the garden flourished and from that year forward We were there for three seasons donated everything that we grew to the local community and Were able to teach them how to grow their own food how to prepare dry it how to can it and then they would prepare it for the community meetings later on and I think I kind of felt like there that it was really bad because they had to travel 45 minutes to and from stores They had to give gas money. They were like two dollar cucumbers and it's still like that, you know, it's like that in Iowa It's like that out here out here. The difference is they have liquor stores everywhere else and out there They don't have any kind of stores and I think one of the biggest things we need is access to land and we need access to Transportation a lot of the times because a lot of the people on the reservations can't get from one place to the community gardens and Yeah, I don't know. I just I'm not sure what else to really talk about But the fact that we really do need help and reintroducing our foods to our people We need to start teaching them how to grow their own food again their own cultural food that they're traditional foods and People like this wonderful chef here can show them how to prepare it There's a high rate of diabetes a high rate of heart disease Because of all the commands because of the powdered eggs the canned meat the big block of beautiful cheese that we love But it's so unhealthy for us and I am just passionate about reintroducing our foods back to our people And ending food deserts and ending food deserts period This is destroying the earth all this tilling and all the dust in the air Everything is joined destroying the earth and we need to really start helping our people So you've been working on some gardens here in Oakland as well Yeah, and we have we go around and we kind of ask people What they need and most of the time they don't have locations to plant so we donate Packages with pots and if it's the spring then we give them seedlings If not, then we give them stuff for the following year tiny little packages little tools. I provide books I provide journals I provide pens document everything trial and error and I do it here I we actually try to do it wherever we go. We try to reach out to the local community But Oakland definitely is especially with gentrification. They're losing a lot of their space And so I I think sometimes we forget about the urban natives too because a lot of urban neighbors don't have Reservations or don't have places to call home. Well 70% of our people live on don't live on the reservation They were I mean foxy's work foxy and her husband Alton one father Their work is as grassroots as it gets. I mean they don't have you know Their own org or even name for like what it is. They do and Great Plains Action Society We do what we can to you know support that work We just still haven't gotten to the point where we can you know provide like what we'd love to provide And that is like, you know full-time salaries and and and resources So that they can flourish and and bring this like really truly vital experience To our people and not just our people, but frankly everybody everybody needs to learn how to Next we're gonna hear from Anthony warrior Beautiful word right really difficult to say once in a while, but that's a Shawnee language And it means I hope you are all in good health. So that's my blessing and first of all young coa big Thank you of all these events here. That's so cap is a loudest this little 45 minutes to kind of express it to you You guys come to join us. That's a lot This is the first steps in these in these ventures that we're looking for so through this process of these days myself I'm absentee Shawnee. I'm from Oklahoma twice removed three times removed We originally know how river valleys and you know how this kind of process worked over the years If you don't know native history, I encourage you to look through it. Not all of us experienced the same atrocities some of us really took a lot of different tactics to avoiding Being eliminated and hence to where we are now today. I'm gonna let you know in 25 years of cooking I was in healthcare. I was an LPN. I worked in the hospitals. I watched people in front of me die I watched them come in as young as 45 55 experienced heart attacks. They were dying of high blood pressure diabetes I myself from a diabetic.  All right addiction food addiction is just as severe as Alcohol or drugs the body's release of chemical to be able to make your body want more and more more of something I shouldn't be 320 pounds Free to lay makes me that way. All right, so I love my chips The thing is being a chef over all these years. I followed a food guy. I followed nutrition value That was put upon on our nutrition value. I was an elder service I was in casinos and I worked for 20 or for 10 casinos across the United States include a morongo New York. I was an aquasazi. I was Seneca. These are large casinos right in Niagara Falls. I was there I was also in Oklahoma. I was in Florida at these casinos Native one casinos, but guess what 25 years not one single native casino. What not one single native chef? Okay, so I'm not saying that's our role in life But when it came to navigating the foods that were available to us and these casinos how many here can name a native ingredient Right anybody? native ingredient Okay, wild rice anybody else A corns anybody I want to hear from my other side, okay But seriously, you know for our non-native Educators, that's one of my roles here is to kind of drop a little bit of seed that may be developed 10 10 years from now five years from now in your efforts to be able to see where this global Impact in this environment issues are coming from 60% of the Americas produce has saved the world Irish potatoes tomatoes all these things that were sent over Overseas corn polenta. How many Italians love your polenta, right? So a lot of these products were sent across the world from the Americas But when we come over here big Ag has put us down to how many crops? To right and I heard on NPR because I live in Nebraska and when you fly over Nebraska, what do you see? All right, there's not much trees right big squares when you fly over South Dakota when you fly over Iowa big squares, right? And now the worst part about it's pivots right in the middle of it And we're on the largest aquifer in the world, right? So all that ground water is coming up But anyway, we'll go into that more later corn and soybeans right and the corn in the fields You can't eat it the soybeans in the field you can't eat it We're in a food desert and if you've ever been to a reservation how many of our people here been to a reservation? Okay, 50 miles to drive there nine miles off the main highway nine miles back and Jobs are probably about 120 miles out of way round trip Minimum the problem is when I came in the cooking. I was told It was wrong it was very wrong and because of that my family We all suffered my grandmother my grandfather deteriorated at the age of 60 feet cut off arms cut off And my grandkids or my kids didn't get to meet them. They died too early my my uncles my aunties They died too early. They didn't get to see our family circle our circle of life, you know the lion king Both of them come up, you know that kind so through that time and a hundred and twenty years of removal We knew the best way to destroy people and that's to get rid of their food systems to make them unhealthy To put them on places and give them food that they're supposed to eat Don't leave this reservation to go hunt.  We're going to give it to you and you stay right here So in a hundred and twenty-five years, I gave this knowledge yesterday 1924 the Americans became citizens of this country 1924 because Yeah, so 63 62 was when we gained our voting rights. All right, so that's kind of a Big push for me as a native chef. I Have make an admission for me on all these reservations of all these people that have traveled to find foods That we once had in the area foraging natural farming practices, not all of us were farmers We had trade routes amongst these rivers and you can find these villages Mitchell, South Dakota They have corn from Mexico. You can find up in the mountains up in Ohio Relics from South America. We had trade systems here that very packed with commerce packed with food And we had salts. We had natural sugars We had all these things that was at our discretion and our alliances our commerce and our worth was built down there Strip it all away and give us commodities We die So that's where we're at today. My purpose is to take all these ingredients. I'm sourcing I'm finding and I'm working with collaborative co-ops on these reservations off the reservations inner cities and what I'm doing is I'm creating a food lab Anybody know chef Sean Sherman sue chef. Okay, he brought us to the front 25 years of work and he get he got a James Beard award I'm jealous right I was working in farmstead with chef. She was feeling when he got his and now this guy passed me So But we're here we're now here and identification of medical mental illness is linked to food I Did the indigenous people summit this year in Omaha. I cooked for him. I did a presentation the leading diabetic Consultant out of DC came into my kitchen I want to hear your story again about your diabetes because I dropped from 14.1 a1c Down to a 5.9 in 90 days. No meds He says my doctor says you don't do that. You you lose one point in 90 days How did you do 14.1? So I told him my story of how I did it He comes back to me the leading guy out of Washington. So I want to introduce myself I'm leading diabetic consultant for the United States and I says are you speaking to me as corporate or he speaks to me as a Person he goes I want to speak to you as a person. I can't say this He says diabetes is curable diabetes is preventable, but I can't say that He says but people like you can lead that so my efforts from that point forward was what I did on myself What I did with the elders in the Santee Dakota area to challenge them to eat better Whole products not farm products not not the stuff you see in the stores But actually natural products my elders started dropping their a1c's immediately Just with eating whole foods and knocking out all the foods we have on our shelves The last thing I want to include with is pushing forward in these I can take two more minutes That means five If you ever in the kitchen the chef says two minutes, you'll get it five minutes. So Some of the things that that we're doing right now is spying these cooperants I was just in Wisconsin drove all the way to Omaha gotta fly got here I spent three days out there helping them harvest helping them cook their ingredients that they're coming pulling out of the fields and The there's like 200 varieties of corn that was here in the States And we've isolated ourselves to that beautiful little sweet corn, right? So one of our elders once said that the the American farmer has learned how to take something edible and make it inedible So it's a lot of truth to that But with my efforts to take these collaborative Efforts from these reservations from New York to California. I would like to have these growers Supply me with product. I don't want to go to Cisco. I don't want to go to these big name companies I want to I want a native cooperative of how we can pull our resources if I open up those trade routes once again So I can start building for the Indian Health Services qualified and fabricated menus that were indigenous to their region of their people we talk about genetic modification a lot of these tribes Have been in their regions for thousands of years We're only 120 years removed before reservation systems were implemented and some of us a little bit longer But over that time for thousands of years compared to that one little bit of 120 To implement that food back into their food systems that their bodies recognize the spiritual aspect of our food is we have many Ceremonies of many tribes that commemorate our food spiritually when you're born you're given a feast When you die you're given a feast During the middle of the year we give fees for our elders and we put on those tables the foods that our elders recognized If not, we put Cheetos on there We put all these hamburgers on there our elders over there are gonna snub us right they look like like kids do yeah They want food we need food our kids need our food and we need to relearn that put our bodies back into the natural balance that it Once was so these efforts have been done for 25 years 25 years of my time seed gallery planting methods Government funding grant funding hits. We're all happy and then it dies And we lose all that effort Happens again Then it dies. It's non-sustainable So with a cooperative collaborative of pushing back on these ancient farmlands that are rich that they're monocropping If we can start to figure out how we can get to the point of negotiating land buybacks within in the land act Of was 1926 They they took a native a native reservation They put a non-native here a native here so there's nothing continuous with the land So now we have to buy back our own land to try these efforts and of course money drives everything But that food was our commerce That food is what we use for trade We'll never get back to that But the efforts that we're going to push forward to try to sustain these efforts again Or the overall health wellness of it is Important for me and my drive and many other chefs that are coming up and in the ranks I think I'm gonna get a little too old to stay on my feet all day But these young kids giving that knowledge not wisdom. I'm not gonna take up too much of your time We got another but the last thing I have for you again the last last thing Is the fact that Once we get these efforts off the road off the ground I believe there's a niche and people that are health conscious enough to want to learn what proper seed And corn bean squash All of our food once had as far as nutrition value To be able to to sustain yourselves And to be able to lead to health we we have a concept It's called food in the womb when a mother feeds her baby while the baby's in the womb that food Is it Oh The food in the womb actually Chemically creates the baby's mentality the process for the brain the process on reservations depression suicide Health issues fetal alcohol syndromes all these things that are affecting our children are not leading to our future leaders And they're not allowing our families to be a circle anymore. We lost that So now we're going to start working back towards that Feeding in the womb all the way to the day we put that food on the table for our elders So, you know, thank you for allowing me to express myself any questions, please catch me. Thank you so much, Anthony Basically to summarize I think what Anthony's saying is that um, you know a fiscal investment into What folks Like these folks are doing or what people are doing like right here ecological traditional ecological ecological knowledge You're getting a return of like healthy food and a better life So just ask yourself what wealth means to you and what what that actually is in the long run And so our next speaker is shelly buffalo Take it away. Shelly. Alrighty. I'm gonna start my timer and stick to it Always lead by example So, yeah, like I'll follow his example instead So, um, thank you everybody for attending this session There's something that I noticed and I'm gonna call out and that's um, I think we Our session has been put in a hallway And um, and I just want to say like I think that's um, very telling Because um, indigenous leaders are not supported. We're not funded. We do so much of this work Um overextending ourselves constantly Sometimes at the cost of our health and our families, right? Because we are not funded because we are not supported and um, the interesting thing about that is that the indigenous impact On food systems on climate change on the protection of of land water and air is is is incredible And so the fact that um, our session is in a hallway. I mean, I think it's this is a hallway um, and not in the largest auditorium at At this event and attended by hundreds of people Interested in how they can invest in us. This is very telling. So I'm gonna say this um, I just saw in grist magazine the 2021 COP 26 climate chain conference pledged 1.7 billion dollars to support indigenous efforts to protect Their rights and land So only 17 percent of this money actually went to indigenous people um, indigenous leaders were not consulted in the design of the pledge um So the large organizations take their cuts what trickles down to indigenous hands is nominal um, and uh indigenous women in particular Receive less roughly five percent And quite honestly, I can say this from experience that indigenous women Are doing the bulk of the work because not only are we doing this advocacy? Not only are we doing this? grass roots, um like in Literally in the dirt growing the food. We are also providing the care for our families for our communities and Completely unsupported once again And often, uh, you know, unfortunately the same thing happens at the tribal government level Please remember that the tribal government systems were systems put in place by the Bureau of Indian Affairs And they were designed to supplant our traditional leadership systems, which were systems complicated systems very complex systems that That ensured democracy ensured a that The you know food and and and other needs were distributed in ways that cared for those that needed it the most And there was equal representation amongst, you know, all of the members of of Any given community So the bia supplanted our our traditional leadership systems with tribal councils and and it You know, it's the thing of it is is that you know, I do believe that tribes really are trying their best To serve their people problem is is that that system is incredibly inefficient. It's incredibly bureaucratic When I was food sovereignty coordinator for the muskwaki tribe Um, I received a 300 000 grant. Well the the food sovereignty program received a 300 000 grant And uh I think that we were left with Perhaps less than a third of that to actually um to actually contribute to A building capacity in our program a percentage of that a big percentage of that just went to What is it? You know the management or whatever. What is it called administration? Thank you to admin And then another percentage just went to pay for our our Salaries and um A couple other numbers out there to kind of throw at you here um another thing to problem with um Doing this work within uh, you know the tribal government Is that these days, uh I don't know, you know What I found at home is is there's so much focus on Um profit like what's gonna what's gonna, you know be the next casino basically what's going to be the next cash cow When I I personally, you know my my strong strong belief is that if we invest in community Then um You know the economy is going to follow You know really foundational To communities into building any type of wealth like let's get beyond even thinking about monetary wealth because after all Money is just it's not real. It's an idea. It's an imaginary idea that we just all agree on I I don't agree on it, but you know, that's the system we have to work With right now, and I think eventually we're going to have to get away from it Especially because there is you know an amassing of wealth In the hands of a few And at the cost of many Um, so unfortunately, um, you know tribal governments, it's just it's bogged down by bureaucracy lateral, you know Sometimes like, you know some lateral stuff going on nepotism Inefficiencies and lack of accountability. So honestly, um, you know food systems rebuilding the the local food systems really has to You know come from You know grassroots organizations that are working partnering with tribal governments, but working outside of them because Um, honestly, like we just don't have any time to waste right now We really don't I feel it in my body just this constant urgency and vibration that like Um, the shit has already hit the fan and from an indigenous lens I have to say that um, and I I talked to um Our tribal historian jonathan buffalo. Um, I was just like jonathan. Are we you know, um Like are we as indigenous people I feel like we are in the apocalypse like we are Experiencing the apocalypse and he's like no actually that happened, uh, uh, you know during you know, uh when when Um colonization started colonization was the apocalypse. He said we are in the post apocalypse This is what we are experiencing. This is what I feel in my body and um So I have to say that like, you know, I only have two spoons Most of my I don't know if you you know know about the the spoon theory Especially with disabilities Um, but like most of my spoons are just used to cope Right from this anxiety From complex PTSD So I want to say about investment. I want to say this So first off like I think like anybody approaching tribal food systems and and tribal economies and rebuilding of community from a um, you know An investment standpoint where they're looking to get a return on their investment Are you looking to get a monetary return because um You're managing these huge wealthy portfolios, right? And the return already happened the return hat started 500 years ago Where most you know in in that process the bulk of the nation's wealth was amassed in the hands of a few people You already got your financial returns, right? Um, you already have all of the money. I don't know why you think you're you know It's okay to make money off of us And really your investment what your return is going to be is in the restoration Of the health of the wellness And the wholeness We're old that I want to say something about ppi loans ppi loans. I can't remember the number but um As billions of dollars were forgiven in ppi loans in spite of widespread fraud So why not give forgivable loans? To grassroots food sovereignty efforts You know forgivable loans that builds in some accountability, right? You know But if if they stick the course You know make it forgivable That's way more accountability than those ppi loans and um Another thing instead of food desert. So desert is a naturally occurring, you know, it's It's actually deserts are incredibly rich with bio diverse Biodiversity undisturbed deserts deserts whose ecosystems and peoples are intact But what we what we experience and whether we're you know out in the rural area out on Reservations for muskwaki. We have a settlement or if you're an urban you know Underserved population what it is. It's food apartheid. So it's it's systemic. It's by design And um Yeah, I know it's time's up. I promise myself I would just Take a minute So take a minute to wrap it up. So So much to say So, um, I think like, you know what I would like to I would like to be funded. I really would like to be funded um, I have um, I have been Used and abused by uh, predominantly white organizations to able to you know tokenize so that they could get funding um, I have been um extracted from and um, I'm done with that like don't approach me with that extraction in your heart Unfortunately, that's the waters we're swimming in because that is capital colonialist. Um That's just how it operates. So A lot of us really if we're really dedicated to this We have a lot of work to do within ourselves And we have to think about that indoctrination in Instructive extractive behavior towards each other and before and and towards all of life on earth and mother earth herself and um I don't know. I would like to I would like to build incubator farms I would like to build maker space And I am working on a BIPOC bill of rights to prevent that type of um tokenism and extraction from BIPOC folks that are partnering with nonprofits. Thank you So, um, the point of this panel obviously, uh, is to to just show or to discuss how you know, uh, indigenous foodways, uh, indigenous traditional ecological knowledge Indigenous ideologies are truly the antithesis to colonial capitalist farming practices Um, and if we implement them if we invest in them, we can curb the climate crisis and introduce a regenerative economy Basically what it comes down to um is because I'm not a a businessy person I'm an executive director of a small nonprofit And it's just about land back and that's the system that I want to say to you just just keep that in mind Just keep land back in your mind Um, and know that uh, almost 100 percent of agriculture cultural land in this country is owned by white people and look at what Conditions the land is and because of that. So just keep that in mind and thank you so much for coming here today


Okay, I've been told that I have a whopping 20 minutes to give you an introduction to troubleshooting with MySQL. So this is what I call the TLDR, the took too long, didn't read. So this is kind of going to be mostly meat, very potatoes going on here. My name is Legaia Tamel. My official title is Principal Technical Support Engineer for MySQL within Oracle. That's my email address. That's my Twitter handle. If you have questions afterwards, you can either meet me up in the MySQL booth upstairs, or you can email me the question and I'll always answer questions. My Twitter handle is to let me know how I did. Did you like this talk? Did you not like this talk? Did I cover the things you hoped for? Did I totally bomb it and absolutely suck? Either way, let me know what you think, because I can't make it better unless you tell me otherwise. So I have to show you this. I have to let you read it. Sorry, I work for the other guys. So read that. Okay, let's actually get into this stuff. Step one of troubleshooting is that you absolutely have to define the problem. And when I say define the problem, you have to be as specific as possible. You also have to know what is normal on your system to absolutely be able to understand what is not normal. If you don't monitor your system, you will never know what is normal. So you will never know about a problem until it shows up. Monitor your system. Find out what's normal. Be exact in your problem definition. Don't say my server is slow. What is slow? Is it the database that's slow? Is it the queries that are coming back slow? Or is it your network that's slow? Is your application taking too long? What's slow? If your query is slow, how slow is it? Does this query normally return in 10 seconds? Or does it normally return in 0.1 seconds? If you don't know, find out. If you don't have a specific definition of your problem, you can't fix it. First thing you do whenever you have a problem is hit the manual. We have a fantastic manual. Make sure you read it and find out at least the general area of what your problem is involved and take a skim through it. Next thing you do of troubleshooting, you're going to need to collect information. You're going to need to collect diagnostic information. This information can either be within the MySQL database or it could be on your operating system. If you have no information on your problem, good luck trying to solve your problem. That's part of the monitoring.  Information before the problem and information after the problem doesn't help you tell you about the problem that's happening inside. Collecting that information during the problem means that, again, you're going to have to be monitoring your system to be able to have that previous information about your system. And if you don't have that, a tool that I recommend that people use is actually from one of our competitors. It's called PT-Stock. PT-Stock is a tool that allows you to set a trigger so that way if a specific event for this problem occurs, it starts automatically collecting diagnostic information from the operating system as well as from MySQL. Check those out.  If you have a problem in the very first place you look for an answer is your error log. Anybody that was in my admin class session earlier will tell you if you remember nothing else, you need to know about the MySQL error log. That's the first place you look whenever you have problems. It's also going to be the area that's going to potentially give you a history about the problem. If you don't have history, if you don't have context for the problem, you might start solving the wrong problem, which doesn't give you any of your information. Look at the error messages in there, and you'd be surprised how many times the error message includes where to go for additional information for that problem. Solve your own problem if you can. Now, if you have a general server crash, just to make sure everybody's clear on this, I'm going to give you general scenarios of problems which are MySQL server, and then I'm going to tell you the information you need to collect to try to solve that problem. This is the information that will give you, at least point you to, where to find the solution to your problem. So in a general server crash, the first thing you're going to look at is your error log, because you want to see if there's going to be any error messages within it about the crash, as well as a stack trace. If there's a stack trace in your error log, that means you can then go to our public bug repository and see if anybody of any of those bugs has a matching stack trace. Now you just found your problem. If you have, again, a general server crash, you want to look at your operating system error logs. If you have run into the OOM killer, it's going to be in those logs. That's going to tell you what's going to happen. You can deal with it then. You want to collect any and all diagnostic information you have available around the crash. So that means all of your operating system diagnostic data, your MySQL diagnostic data, any graphs you have, any raw data you have. If you generated a core file during that, this is all information that you could then read, analyze, and try to figure out what's going on. Last thing you want to do for a general server crash is you want to look around for information for things that were happening before and during the crash. That means you want to look at your external scripts, what applications were running, cron jobs, backups, any of that kind of information, because MySQL does not work in isolation. These things can come in and cause problems for us as well. Cool? Man, everybody's in the dark. I can't look at everybody and see what's going on. Gee, am I going faster? What? General server performance issues. Things you want to look at. You want to look at the MySQL error log. You want to look at your... Wow, where did that C come from? OS, data logs, not COS, data logs, data information. You want to look at your IO.  Are you using a new architecture? You want to have relevance onto your performance. For MySQL specific, you want to gather the information of show global variables, show global status, show full process list, show engine NODB status while the problem is occurring. So that way you can see what's happening inside the MySQL server at the time. If you feel daring and adventurous, there's lots of information also in the performance schema that you can gather. Most people are not comfortable with that, but they're totally down if you want to go out and go get it. If you're having query performance issues, again, error log for the MySQL error log, if you do not have on your slow query log, you can't look to see about the query performance issues. So if you're having query performance issues, you turn on your slow query log to be able to look at them. You want to look at the explain plan for any slow queries that you have going on to be able to tune them. You're going to look at the show create table indexes that are already on the table. Maybe you could work with some of them or tweak them a little bit to work better with your query.  How many rows do you have in it? What are you working with? What indexes are available for show indexes? That includes cardinality that's on the indexes. If you have an index on a table with one million rows, but you only have a cardinality of three, you're never going to use that index. You need to look at that information to be able to find that way you can then work with your query to tune it. If you have a query that no matter what you're doing, you're tuning it, you're creating indexes for it and it's still problematic, you can then start profiling your query, either doing the old-fashioned way of set profiling or using the performance schema and that'll give you a very distinct breakdown of where things are happening within the query itself so that you can then troubleshoot further to try and speed things up. Man, I'm going fast here. Have I lost anybody yet? Am I going too fast? Okay. Excellent. You have table corruption in MySQL in the NODB. So, and you may or may not be able to start up your MySQL server due to NODB corruption. Generally speaking, if you have NODB corruption and your system crashes, if it can start back up, NODB has already fixed itself during the recovery phase. If you haven't been able to bring it back up and that's when you start looking at things like forced recovery and stuff. However, to be able to find out what's going on with the corruption for NODB, you want to look at your error log again so that we can see if there's any error messages provided in the MySQL error log. You want to look at your stack trace to see if it's maybe associated with a bug already for that. So, looking for the known issues. Is it a data dictionary error? In which case, you'll have an error message in your MySQL error log and will probably have a link telling you where to go to start troubleshooting that data dictionary error. If you have to go and rebuild because of this corruption, again, you'll be doing the forced recovery. If you're doing forced recovery, you want to start on one each time to bring the server back up because each step along the way is much stricter and will return you less information for you to build a backup off of it.  Make a backup. Go to a backup if you have to have it. And when you make a backup, when you get it out there, a backup is not a backup until you've proven it can be recovered from. So every backup you have, you should at least be testing it to make sure you can actually recover from it. Otherwise, it's the same thing as not having a backup. Just saying. If you have table corruption in MyISAM, the only place that will tell you you have table corruption with MyISAM is in the MySQL error log and it'll be marked as crashed. That's when you're going to have to do the whole if your server is down, you're going to use MyISAM check and only if your server is down do you use MyISAM check because MyISAM check will automatically corrupt your tables if your server is up. Well, unless you lock them and that's just a that's difficult. If the server is up, you might as well just use the MySQL check utility which utility you use depending upon whether or not your server is up or down. Regardless of whichever you use if you have a corrupted MyISAM table you want to do a backup a physical copy of the backup of the MyISAM files because it's I won't say it's common, but it's not uncommon for you to lose data when you check and repair MyISAM table. So you want to have those copies just in case you go back and try to figure out what's going on with that. Again, this is the part where backups are required they're not an option you need to make sure you have them there just in case of these kind of things. Okay, this is my last one this is for replication just out of curiosity who here actually uses replication I can't see a little bit Okay, a fairly decent amount of if you have replication issues whatever they are you want to take a look at your error log if your replication has stopped your error log will tell you where to restart it you want to look at show master status that will tell you where what the master is located and what it's doing already you're going to look at the MyCNF files or MyINFI files because that is the only location you will find any kind of replication filtering noted and if you have filtering going on that may be part of your problem for whatever reason you want to look at your global variables because that's going to tell you how you have your replication set up and the big one to look at though is show slave status show slave status will give you the error that's going on as well as things like where to start your replication again after you do get things fixed and things of that nature simple tip if you are using replication and your configuration file has you skipping any kind of errors on it for whatever reason more than likely your slave is out of date it's out of sync I'm telling you right now you should never ever skip a replication error because then you might as well consider your slave out of sync with your master which just feats the whole purpose of having replication so that's all I have for my TLDR does anyone have any questions see I did that fast man I caught them off balance and unready questions so so most of these strategies are great except that you are operating on RDS MySQL which who I work for does not work on RDS we can recommend we can just give you best efforts but how much this translates to RDS I don't know because I don't know some of the absolutely the MySQL commands absolutely works as long as they are supported in RDS no no no not over the commands so certain things with respect to let's say show master status and the performance example that you mentioned with Postgres similar kinds of problems exist as far as MySQL is concerned I would assume that everything that I gave you would work in RDS it would be a my assumption that everything that I gave you would work in RDS except maybe the problems of finding the OS logs and the OS monitoring and stuff like that that would be outside of my purview but everything else I have given you should work with RDS hypothetically as far as I know any other questions oh come on this many people and I don't have a single additional there we go Hi so my question is 5.6 version master and slave both the query which goes through very well in the master box does not go through on the slave box it just hangs what could be the reason how could we figure it out I have seen the logs I have seen everything nothing just kind of hangs my first assumption would be the most common cause of that is either locking another query that's running on the system is blocking it or if you are using row based replication we have a known bug out there that if you are using NODB with no primary keys if you have a query on the NODB table it has the potential to run up to 10 times longer on the slave because of a known issue hit me up later on the table and I will go into it in detail with you if you want and explain exactly why that's happening hi can table optimize corrupt a table one more time can optimizing a table actually corrupt it technically no generally speaking with my isam if I remember correctly with my isam and optimize all it does is it removes the fragmentation and it makes it smaller if you are talking about an NODB table if I remember correctly NODB table optimize automatically becomes a forced rebuild of the table depending upon what version you are on it will be a either an inline ddl or it's going to be a full copy so it may feel like it's corrupting it it's just taking a while because it's rebuilding the table I've never yet off of my experience heard of anybody having a corrupt table after running optimize if it wasn't corrupted before it may find a corruption that pre-existed in the table that you didn't know about it but it doesn't corrupt it afterwards okay any other questions? am I right on time? dang I'm good thank you very much everybody have a good day now


Hello, I am welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question which says Determine probability of E upon F Mother father and son line up at random for a family picture E is the event son on one end and F is the event father in middle So let's start the solution now the sample space of the given experiment that is the experiment of lining up Mother father and son can be described as S is equal to M F S that is mother on one end father in the middle and son on the other end S F that is mother on one end son in the middle and father on the other end similarly we have F M S F S M S F M S M F So the sample space has six outcomes Now we are given E is the event that son on one end and F is the event father in middle So the outcomes of E are M F S F M S S F M and S M F and The outcomes of F are S F M and M F S Clearly the outcomes of E intersection F are S F M and M F S Now probability of E is equal to 4 upon 6 which is equal to 2 upon 3 and probability of F is equal to 2 upon 6 which is equal to 1 upon 3 and probability of E intersection F is also 2 upon 6 which is equal to 1 upon 3 Now we know that the probability of E upon F is given by the formula probability of E intersection F upon probability of F and this is equal to 1 upon 3 into 3 upon 1 and this is equal to 1 Hence the answer for this question is 1 So this completes our session I hope the solution is clear to you Bye and have a nice day


Hi, my name is Catherine and I'm one of the administrators of Galaxy Australia. I'm going to talk about Galaxy tool management with ephemeralis. So I'll talk about how tools are configured on a Galaxy instance, what the Galaxy tool shed is and how to install tools from it onto Galaxy and what ephemeralis is and how it can be used to manage tools on a Galaxy instance. A Galaxy tool or wrapper is an XML file describing the software program. It allows Galaxy to display the tool interface and execute the software. The wrapper XML contains definitions of the tool input form and instructions to translate form entries into your command to execute the tool. The underlying software packages needed to execute the tool command are called requirements or dependencies and this could be something like SAM tools or Biopython or any number of software packages. A tool shed repository is a code archive in the tool shed containing Galaxy tools. The tool panel on the left hand side of a Galaxy site contains all of the tools available on that Galaxy instance arranged into sections. In this picture the text manipulation section has been expanded and you can see all the tools within that. There are tools that come with the Galaxy code such as the uploader but the vast majority of tools on a public Galaxy have been installed from the tool shed. The contents and the layout of the tool panel are customizable. The contents of the tool panel are defined by configuration files and Galaxy knows about its tools based on what's in these files. The tool quant file contains Galaxy built-in tools and manually added tools. The shed tool quant file is managed by Galaxy and contains all tools installed from the tool shed. The integrated tool panel file contains all of the tools from the first two files and it can be edited to change the layout of the tool panel. For example, you might want to rearrange tool sections in a different order and these are small snippets of the tool quant and shed tool quant files. The tool quant file contains paths to local tool wrapper XML files and each tool element is within a section telling Galaxy where to put the tool in the panel. The shed tool quant also contains paths to the tool wrapper XML within the directory structure that Galaxy uses for the shed tools. So in this case it has the file is shovel XML and the shed tool quant also contains metadata for each tool. So the tool shed is Galaxy's app store. It's a separate entity from your Galaxy instance and it's a free service that hosts repositories containing Galaxy tools. It's not a development platform. Tools are usually maintained in open source GitHub repositories and uploaded to the tool shed and the tool shed can be found at this address and this is what the tool shed interface looks like. It has thousands of tools, almost 8,000 tools as of October 2020. You can go to the tool shed site to search the tools by name or to browse by category. To add tools to your Galaxy instance, you can do this manually which is useful for tool development or from the tool shed and this can be done via the admin user interface or using ephemaris which we'll talk about soon. And to add a local tool by hand it can be added to the tool quant XML file provided that the wrapper is stored somewhere on the Galaxy machine and can add the path to that wrapper to the tool quant file. There's also a variable in the Addisable Galaxy role for doing this and in this case the dependencies need to be installed separately whereas with tool shed tools the dependencies will be installed along with the tool. Installing tools through the admin UI is pretty easy and administrator can look up any tool from the main tool shed in the admin panel and click the install button. Installing from the tool shed will install the tool dependencies. This is typically a virtual environment containing every package that the tool requires. A tool shed tool might have multiple revisions and this is important for reproducibility. If you use a tool in an analysis on a public Galaxy server it will be there forever. If you need to rerun your analysis in a year's time the tool that you've used will still be there even if there's a newer version of the tool that's been installed. When we talk about the tool shed we're talking about the main tool shed but there can be other tool sheds. The test tool shed can be used for repositories that are not yet production ready and these repositories are public. The tool shed is a web app backed up by a database and anybody can run one but it's discouraged to run a local tool shed. By default Galaxy only accepts tools from the main tool shed. The list of accepted tool sheds is in a file called toolshedsconf and the default file for this contains only the main tool shed though there's a commented out test tool shed in case you want to install tools from there. When installing a repository from the tool shed the repository is downloaded to the Galaxy machine and the tool's dependencies are installed if needed and also if needed reference data tables are installed and an entry for each tool is created in the Galaxy database or the tool installed database depending on the configuration of Galaxy and the tools are added to the shed toolconf. When installing with Ephemeris you can find the repository that you want to install in the tool shed and install it with the Ephemeris Shed Tools command which we're about to talk about. Ephemeris is a Python library for Galaxy management. It can be used to install tools, reference data, workflows and data libraries onto a Galaxy instance. It can also be used to run tool tests and it's a package that can be installed with PIT. It contains commands that can be used to manage tools through the Galaxy API. There's no need to be using Ephemeris commands from the server running Galaxy though you can and there are links here to the Ephemeris code base and the Ephemeris docs. One of the Ephemeris commands is get tool list. This can be used to get a list of installed tools for any public Galaxy instance. For example, you could get a list of tools installed on Galaxy Europe. An API key isn't required to run this but some options are not available unless an admin API key is provided and any Galaxy user can have an API key. You can get it from the user preferences. An example of output from get tool list is this YAML list of tools. ColumnMaker, BWA and Tabular to faster and you can see for BWA there are two different revisions corresponding to different version numbers that have just been added here as comments and each tool has a name, an owner and a section label. You could actually use a file like this to then install the tools on another Galaxy instance. A Galaxy administrator can install tools with the shed tools command by providing their admin API key. They can specify the name, owner and section label or provide a YAML list of tools and there are actually a lot of different options available for shed tools installed. And so as an example, installing Circos. These two examples are equivalent one and two. Circos can be installed with name, owner and section label provided as command line arguments or alternatively they could be provided in a YAML file and the advantage of the second approach is that there could actually be lots of tools listed in this YAML file and could be installed all at the same time. If one wanted to install a different revision of Circos they could supply the revisions argument but by default the latest revision of Circos will be installed. Shed tools also has a command to test tools, run tool tests. A good tool will have tests. Instructions within the wrapper to run the tool with test input and see whether the tool produces the expected output and also to check that the dependencies have installed correctly and that nothing's gone wrong. You need to be an administrator to install tools but any Galaxy user with an API key can run tool tests. So you could go and test tools on Galaxy Australia. And the output from running shed tools test will be a list of tool tests that have passed and a list of those that have failed and a more detailed file of data from the test jobs that's useful for debugging. There's a Python library planamode that can be used to generate a user-friendly report from the JSON data. From a Galaxy workflow, from a downloaded Galaxy workflow file, workflow to tools can be used to generate a list of tools. And that's all of the tools required to run that workflow. Ephemeris also has a command to set up data libraries to upload shared data to Galaxy. And this is the example of an input file, an input YAML file to set up data libraries and it's describing two folders with one file in each and each of these files can have their contents downloaded from a public URL. There's also the function Galaxy Wait which sends an API request to a Galaxy server to check whether it's running and able to accept the request. If the server is ready, it will return straight away. If not, it will keep sending requests. And this is useful if you want to run any of the other commands such as shared tools in store and you don't know when Galaxy will be ready. And so a little more on tool management. This is a picture of the directory structure of a simple toolshed repository. It just contains one tool and it has a tool wrapper, remove beginning XML. It has an accompanied Perl script which is called from code in the wrapper. It has an input and output test file, which contains tool metadata. And this is the shared YAML file. The repository name and owner are set in the metadata file. The file also contains the development URL for the tool and the development URL is displayed in the toolshed as a link to the tool's files within the development environment. And this is the GitHub repository you would go to to raise an issue about the tool or to make a pull request to improve the tool. And then we've got Vascan, which is a more complex toolshed repository. In this one, there are three tool wrappers related to the same software. And installing this repository would add three tools to the tool panel. Sometimes tools will need reference data such as genomes, lock files and data tables are used to link tools with reference files. If CVMFS is installed, a lot of your reference data needs will be taken care of. There are also data manager tools in the toolshed for installing reference data for tools and these can be run from the admin panel or using ephemera. There are also repositories in the toolshed that are sweet repositories. And sweet repositories can be used to install multiple tool repositories at once. For example, there are many tools associated with SAM tools owned by the IUC, such as SAM Tools View or SAM Tools Empyla. And installing SAM Tools Suite will result in all of these SAM Tools repositories being installed. And there are quite a few different tool suites in the toolshed. Without going into detail about this file, dependency resolvers conf, at runtime, Galaxy will look for installed dependencies in an order determined by the dependency resolvers conf XML file. The file shown in this slide is the sample configuration and quite similar to what is used on Galaxy Australia. So what it means is that given a set of requirements, Galaxy will first look for an installed toolshed package that meets those requirements. And if Galaxy finds this, it will source the package and look no further. If Galaxy does not find this, it will look for a Galaxy package with a required version, followed by a condo package with a required version, followed by a Galaxy package of any version, followed by a condo package of any version. And typically on Galaxy Australia, the packages to run the tool will be condo packages. A more recent development in Galaxy is the use of Docker or Singularity containers to resolve dependencies. And there's some further reading on this and also a tutorial. So the key points from this slide set are that there is a Galaxy toolshed containing thousands of tools that you can install in your Galaxy if you want to. And that as a Galaxy administrator, you can choose which tools are installed, how they're arranged, and that Ephemeris can be used to manage tools. Tool installation with Ephemeris is best practice because you can script it and keep a record of what you've done. And it allows for the automation of tool management tasks. And thank you to the Galaxy training network and all of the contributors to this tutorial. Hello again. I'm Catherine from Galaxy Australia. And we're going to go through a tutorial on Galaxy tool management with Ephemeris. And this tutorial will introduce you to one of Galaxy's associated projects, Ephemeris, which is a small Python library and a set of scripts for managing and bootstrapping Galaxy plugins, tools, index data, and workflows. Its aim is to help automate and limit the quantity of manual actions admins have to do in order to maintain a Galaxy instance. And this is used a lot on used Galaxy style instances. And as a background scenario, you could be an administrator of a Galaxy server and a colleague might approach you with a request to run a specific Galaxy workflow. And in order to do this, they need to have the tools installed. So you need to identify what tools are required for the workflow and install these tools and their dependencies on your Galaxy instance. And so the first thing we're going to do is install Ephemeris on our virtual machines. And we'll do this in a Python virtual environment. And the first thing I'll do is make a directory for this tutorial and go into that directory. So the virtual environment, the Python 3 virtual environment, and we'll put it in our home directories.  And then source the virtual environment and in the environment, install Ephemeris. So this is done and you can see that Ephemeris version 0.10.6 has been installed. Ephemeris has a command for extracting tools from Galaxy workflows. The Galaxy workflow files are complex JSON documents. And the workflows consist of many steps and steps have tool IDs. A tool ID looks like this. It's got the tool shed, the owner, the repository name, and the version of the tool. But to install it with Ephemeris, it needs to be tool shed repositories and workflow tools makes this conversion. So for fast QC, it turns into this yellow block with name, owner, and revision. And the section label you can choose but the default is tools from workflows. So we can try this on a real workflow by downloading the mapping workflow from the GTN. So copy and paste this command to get the mapping.ga file and I'll just show you what this looks like. Just the first 15 lines. So it's a JSON document of a Galaxy workflow consisting of many steps. So use the workflow to tools command to extract the tool list from this workflow into a file named workflowtools.yaml. And this links to the Ephemeris docs and you can see that workflowtools takes three arguments. The workflow or list of workflows, the output file, and the panel label which defaults to tools from workflows if it's not provided. So the command is workflowtools wflag mapping.ga wflag workflowtools.yaml and the lflag is mapping. You could choose anything for the section label. So I'll use this command copy, paste. You can see now there's a file called workflowtools.yaml and if you have a look at that it's a list of tools, of tool repositories. The next thing we'll try is installing tools on our Galaxy instances. To install a tool you need the URL of your Galaxy server and also the API key of your admin account. So in your Galaxy page open this up if you don't have it open from the user menu you can go to preferences and manage API key and if you don't have one of these yet you can create a new one. So copy your API key and keep it somewhere. You might have to use it several times during this tutorial. I'm going to make a variable for it called API key so I can call on it when I need to. So we'll start first installing a single tool and use the ephemera shed tools command to install pylon owned by IUC into a section named assembly. So this links to the documentation where you can see what arguments you might use for that command. And so the command in this case should look like this shed tools in store and your Galaxy URL your API key and then the name owner and section label flags for pylon, IUC and assembly. So I'll copy this one and here I will replace your Galaxy with the Galaxy URL I'm using which is gatt2ostraining.galaxyproject.eu and the API key that I've stored. Now if you've taken the Singularity tutorial you'll have the Singularity set up on your Galaxy and this won't take very long. If you haven't taken that tutorial this will be installing the environment with conda and it might take a couple of minutes. So this was done in 20 seconds and this is good for a one-off installation but it's not convenient if you want to install many tools. So to install many tools you might use a YAML file like the one we just generated from the workflow. So there is an option to watch the installation proceed by running JournalCTL FU Galaxy in a separate remote shell. We're using VoBoo so we could actually split the screen and watch JournalCTL on the same screen. And there is a tip here for opening a split screen in VoBoo moving between the splits and closing the split bits in focus. So I'll do that now. Shift F2 to open the split and JournalCTL and we can see the Galaxy logs. I'll go back to the first screen with Shift and arrow keys. So now using the ShedTools command we can install all of the tools from the workflow tools YAML file and Galaxy. So going back to the documentation this will be similar to our last command but instead of using the name, owner and section label we can just use the T or tools file black and so the command looks like this, the Galaxy instance and the API key and T workflow tools.yaml So instead of copying this I will use the up arrow to find my previous command and get rid of the name, owner and section label and instead install workflow tools.yaml and so in the logs you can see that something is happening and Galaxy is installing the tools starting with FastQC and this all happens fairly quickly with Singularity, if you haven't got Singularity set up then this might take a little bit longer and the last one is BAM Tools filter and it's done in less than one and a half minutes. So now there is some new tools on Galaxy that we've just installed and we can have a look at those in the Galaxy tool panel. So if we refresh our galaxies there are two new tool sections mapping containing the tools from the workflow and assembly containing Pylon and we can actually import this workflow into Galaxy by right clicking or control clicking on the link and copying the link address going back to Galaxy if we select workflow at the top we can import the workflow by pasting the link here and so now the workflow is in Galaxy we can have a look at it in the workflow editor and I'll zoom out a bit so that we can see it text is very small now but the workflow is here and it has the input steps and the tools trim, galore, fast QC multi QC, bowtie2, SAMtool, stats and BAMtools filter and we can run this workflow on our galaxies now because all the tools are installed so the next thing we're going to do with Ephemeris is tool testing it's very important to be able to say that our tools are working and we're going to use the shedtools command for this to test Pylon and the command in this case looks like shedtools test then G your galaxy URL and your API key and then the name and the owner but we don't need the section label this time I'll copy and paste this terminal is a little too big that's better and the API key that I've saved so testing Pylon and you can see the job running on Galaxy what it's doing is it's uploading the test input files and running test jobs we can see it in the logs we can also see it in Galaxy so if I zoom in again click on analyse data to get back to the main page we can look at the test history in the fuel histories so there are two test data files that have been uploaded and two cued Pylon jobs the first time a job is run for a newly installed tool it'll take a little bit longer because the containment needs to resolve so if we look back here it has run the first test from the first test has passed and it's now running the second test you can update this page by refreshing it and it's got three cued jobs for the second test checking not only that the jobs have run without error but that their outputs match the expected outputs I'll refresh again it's taking a little while and the last jobs are running the tool tests are very important a productive Galaxy will contain hundreds if not thousands of tools and it's great to have an automatic way to ascertain that they're all working as expected and it looks like this is done if I refresh the test history again it's all done and all of the jobs have run without error and if we look at this we've got two past tool tests and zero failed tool tests and looking at what's in the directory there's also a file tool test output Jason with job data so Pylon is working and the last thing the last thing in this tutorial will be obtaining a tool list from a public Galaxy instance and we're going to get this from usegalaxy.eu or Galaxy Europe and use euphemeris getToolList command so I can open up the docs for this and there are a few options to include and exclude details the only argument we need is time to the output file and the Galaxy URL so the command is getToolList from Galaxy this URL and our tool file called euToolList.yaml copy that and paste it here and it turns almost instantly even though there are a lot of tools in the list if we have a look at the first few lines it's a YAML list of all of the tools on Galaxy Europe and if I count the lines there are 11,000 lines in this file because Galaxy Europe has a lot of tools we will not install all of the tools from the EU Galaxy server as that server likely has more tools than any other Galaxy instance and it would take up hundreds of gigabytes of space which we don't have on our virtual machines and a bit about production best practices both Galaxy Australia and Galaxy Europe have automatic scripts that regularly update tools that have updates available and systems for automatically installing new tools using Jenkins servers all using shed tools Galaxy Australia runs shed tools test on tools at the same time as installing Galaxy main in the US has a Jenkins server that once a week runs shed tools test on all of the tools on Galaxy main Galaxy Europe and Galaxy Australia Galaxy Europe's Jenkins server runs a script that uses the Ephemeris setup data libraries command to keep shared data from Galaxy training network material up to date on all of the useGalaxy's data instances and there are some more details about how AU and EU maintain their YAML files One note here is that this does not have a function to uninstall tools although there is a function for that in Bioblend and contributions are appreciated and new contributors are extremely welcome so this is all open source and so for the key points Ephemeris and automation help with the tool management on Galaxy and there are best practices to learn from there's no need to manage your Galaxy tools manually using the scripts makes life much easier and gives you a way of keeping track of what you've done and so we really love feedback and we're always trying to improve these tutorials there's a feedback form at the end of the tutorial and congratulations on successfully completing this tutorial