From their base camp at Khushi, 25 kilometers northwest of Saigon, elements of the 25th Infantry Division set out on another search and destroy mission. This sweep on November 3rd is part of Operation Kalihi, which began in early September. From Hobo Woods to the northern reaches of Warzone Sea, these airborne strikes against the Viet Cong are an old story to the men of the Tropic Lightning Division. All strikes are similar, yet each operation is different. Landing in some jungle meadow where the enemy may be watching and waiting is always an anxious affair. For the men of the first wave, the immediate job is to secure the landing zone, and they move quickly to the perimeter of the field. Within minutes, the second wave of troops arrives, and the mission to search the field hole rubber plantation is about to get underway. On the perimeter of the landing zone, the company commander radios an armored column which will rendezvous with the troops. Some distance away, the APC is respond. Then it's time to move out, and the troopers of the red taro leaf enter the jungle which borders the huge rubber plantation. Again and again, the enemy has been reported in this area, one of the toughest Viet Cong strongholds in Vietnam. Six hundred meters from the landing zone, the infantrymen are joined by seven armored personnel carriers. During the night which followed, these units were hit by the Viet Cong with mortars and rifle grenades. Our return fire continues well into daylight. Hours, the men of the 25th are closing in on the cluster of buildings which once housed the plantation offices and workshops. The shelling from the APCs and our mortars has reduced the structures to rubble. The Viet Cong have withdrawn, taking their casualties with them. The searchers press onward toward the village of Phu Hoa Dung, where they will serve as a blocking force for Vietnamese Rangers of the 5th Arvind Division, sweeping down from the northeast. Through the tangle of vines and clinging jungle growth, the APCs cut a swath where the advancing troops can follow. Emerging from the dense jungle surrounding the rubber plantation, the troopers find the Viet Cong have scattered. Here a meeting is held to coordinate forces. Before entering the village, the plan is discussed with the American advisor to the Arvind units. The Viet Cong stronghold appears deserted as the traffic lightning troops cautiously begin their probe. With the Arvind forces covering all avenues of escape to the north and east, the Americans search from house to house. The unnatural silence is oppressive and tension mounts. One of the searchers has triggered a Viet Cong booby trap. He is badly wounded and must be evacuated immediately. A howitzer shell was rigged as the booby trap. The mission goes on. This is what it's like during Operation Kalihi. An urgent request for artillery support is called in from a reconnaissance platoon hit by the Viet Cong grenades and rifle fire. The response of the howitzer battery is immediate and their 105 millimeter guns open up. It is 18 November and Operation Attleboro, the largest scale operation in the war to date, is in its fourth week. Its objective? To destroy war zone C as a Viet Cong sanctuary. Brigadier General John R. Dean, Assistant Commander of the First Infantry Division, is briefed on the engagement. The 28 man patrol was hit while moving through a wooded area 30 kilometers northwest of Tainin. As the patrol moves clear of the area, an airstrike is called in. The strain of concern and fatigue is etched on many faces as the strike is directed onto enemy positions threatening the patrol. First Infantry Division Commander, Major General William Depew arrives to discuss the situation with Major General Fred Wyant, Commander of the 25th Infantry Division. Attleboro involves elements of several divisions with a big red one in operational control. UH-1D air ambulances begin to arrive with the first of the wounded from the ambush patrol. Some men have been hit pretty hard and are being landed at the command post for emergency treatment before going on to hospital. General Depew personally presents several purple hearts right on the spot. The wounds are bandaged and splints fixed in place as quickly as possible. Then the wounded are put back aboard the choppers and evacuation continues. A call from the patrol leader is received confirming that the bombardment and airstrike has driven off the enemy. The platoon cautiously returns to sweep the area and a cache of enemy weapons is discovered. They are examined by General Dean and Brigadier General Charles Hollingsworth, also Assistant Division Commander of the First Infantry. The captured equipment includes ammunition, grenades, several types of mines, rifles and a shotgun, as well as a number of Viet Cong maps. Operation Attleboro, which has already claimed a thousand enemy dead and three million pounds of captured rice continues successfully. Airboat operation in Vietnam begins in the classroom where skilled instructors using enlarged mock-ups of controls teach Vietnamese Army personnel and mercenaries fundamentals. An engine is checked out by an instructor prior to a trial run. Then the boats line up for the start. A machine gunner gives his weapon a last-minute check. The fiberglass propeller-driven boats are powered by 180 horsepower engines. In these scenes photographed at Kham To and Khai Khai on 15 and 16 November, trial runs across reed-filled marshes give the new crews experience in maneuvering. The instructor teaches the operators to cross low obstacles in the water. Gunners learn to scan the growth for any signs of the Viet Cong hidden along their route. Maneuvering in narrow canals is practice. Trainees learn to pass each other in the limited space, but occasionally one is hung up. But they are soon disengaged and off again. Precise beaching techniques are taught using markers. The instructor is exacting with the trainees. The boats continue beaching practice under the instructor's critical eye and when they're right it's thumbs up. A young crew member enjoys recognition of his friends on shore as the boat moves rapidly past the village. Soon the boat teams are out on actual patrol. Their normal crew augmented by three civilian irregular defense personnel. The boats are now operational in four sections of the fourth core area. The Viet Cong have a great fear of these boats which they refer to as Jeep boats. The soldiers stop at a civilian hut to ask if the Viet Cong have been in the area. Fast and efficient these boats greatly increase the effectiveness of water patrol teams. At dawn on 9 November in Vietnam an escorted convoy prepares to leave Nha Trong. Weapons are checked as the road to Banh Mi Thu Th may be intercepted by the Viet Cong. Tankers carrying vital fuel are protected against possible attack by the enemy. Members of the 272nd MP Company of Nha Trong remain on the alert as the convoy proceeds along the road. The convoy arrives safely at Banh Mi Thu Th and stands by to refuel the depot. The fighting men of the 1st Brigade 101st Airborne Division form up to pay tribute to a comrade on the 28th day of October. Here at Tui Hoa 1st Sergeant Walter Sabelowski is retiring after 30 years of service. General William C. Westmoreland U.S. Commander in Vietnam and Brigadier General Willard Pearson commanding the 1st Brigade troop the line. These ceremonies not only mark the end of a gallant soldier's career spanning three wars but honor him for repeated acts of bravery while engaged in a two-day battle with the Viet Cong on June 9 and 10. During the battle at Duc Tha Khan Valley 1st Sergeant Sabelowski was wounded but refused evacuation fighting on until the enemy was repelled. Now he is awarded the distinguished service cross by General Westmoreland. For 1st Sergeant Walter Sabelowski a fitting climax to the veteran's years of service. Patrol boats of the U.S. Navy move up the Jau Doc River to search for people stranded in Vietnam's worst flood in years. The entire Mekong Delta land is affected in the region 190 kilometers southwest of Saigon. Villages and farms are completely inundated as the Mekong River and its tributaries overflow their banks. Fed by heavy rains of the monsoon season the rivers flood these lowlands every year but 1966 is the worst on record. Every bit of high ground such as Nui Sam mountain is occupied by refugees during the first week of October. At Nui Sam members of the U.S. Army Special Forces have set up a refugee relief camp and daily distribute food and administer medical aid. Similar camps have been established in other localities. Long accustomed to a life of privation and hard labor these Vietnamese peasants accept the new burden imposed by nature with calm resignation. When the floods recede they will resume their work in the rice fields. For those who live and work in the towns like Jau Doc the flood is an even greater disaster. Shops and merchandise, businesses and homes all are ruined. Communications are disrupted and food is in short supply. Excluding the loss of the rice harvest damages estimated in the millions. In a joint effort to assist the flood victims the U.S. Army Special Forces, the U.S. Navy and the United States Agency for International Development are cooperating in the relief program. A mobile Navy medical unit administers typhus serum with a lightning fast high pressure air injector. With the crisis now under control Vietnam looks toward a rapid recovery from the flood of 1966. Thanksgiving in Vietnam takes many forms. At the fifth special forces camp near Benoit the traditional turkey is ready for a rather untraditional journey. Prepared by Sergeant Lonnie Mitchell the bird is destined for a special forces detachment dug in at Zom Kot in war zone D and accessible only by air. After being carved and packed in marmite cans the turkey and trimmings are ready to go. Since the bird can't do any more flying of its own a chopper does the honors. After being landed at an LZ near the 12 man unit the eagerly awaited feast is trucked over the last leg of the journey. On reaching the detachment the sergeant sets up his chow line as quickly as possible. The men are expecting an attack by a North Vietnamese unit but even that grim prospect doesn't dim their enjoyment. Thanksgiving dinner with cranberry sauce sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie still tastes mighty good. Similar airlift operations to many isolated units were typical of this year's Thanksgiving in Vietnam. Near Melgar at the Colombian Army's engineer maintenance and supply company a U.S. mobile training team from the canal zone begins maintenance classes for a group of soldier mechanics. The company supported by the U.S. military aid program is almost entirely concerned with road building projects throughout the nation. For Colombia which is divided into three parts by the Andes modern roads are vital to development. Many of the classes are held outdoors and stress practical experience with the more than 600 pieces of equipment in use by the outfit. When the Americans leave some of the NCO students will take over as instructors for incoming recruits. In a related project another U.S. team has been assigned to the Colombian mechanized reconnaissance battalion in Bogota. The Colombian unit possessed a wide range of map supplied equipment but there were few operators qualified to use it. The U.S. team set up a four week course for officers and NCOs covering theory, engineering, maintenance and plenty of practice. Several days are spent on each type of radio and the progress of each student carefully graded. Sergeant Elio Fregoso instructs the group in the use of the A.N. slash OR-109 portable radio with hand-cranked power supply. Graduation is held at the completion of the course. Each man receives congratulations and a diploma certifying him as a qualified operator. The 7th Army Aviation Training Center at Schlesheim, 10 miles north of Munich, has been organized by a directive of the Department of the Army based on its worldwide requirements for additional helicopter pilots. The mission of this center is to qualify 250 Eusserur fixed wing aviators as rotary wing aviators prior to 31 December 1966. The intensive course includes 136 hours of academic instruction including aerodynamics, helicopter maintenance, tactics and flight line subjects. Military instructors are aided by field service representatives such as Mr. Bill Owens of Bell Helicopter Corporation who explains the system of the Rotor Blade Assembly. 145 hours are devoted to flying time. The aviators learned to pilot the OH-13 with transition training in the UH-1B and CH-34. Takeoff, landing and aircraft maneuvering have been integrated into the course. Advanced students are trained to airlift sling loads. Guided by a signalman the student pilot comes in for a clean hookup. Clearly the 7th Army Aviation School is taking up the slack in the training of helicopter pilots. The 32nd Army Air Defense Command with its Nike Hercules and Mobile Hawk missile battalions serves to protect Europe's skies against enemy aggression. To ensure maximum operational readiness among Hawk missile batteries, operational readiness evaluation teams visit the sites for spot checks. Upon their arrival part of the team checks in at the Battery Control Center. The operator is informed that an ORE is about to begin. To simulate battle stations the evaluator announces blazing skies and starts to clock the fire unit. The alert is sounded. And the crew emerges from the ready room on the double.  They must be ready to fire in 15 minutes. Communications are established with the control center while the crew prepares the missiles. The evaluator carefully observes the checks being made to ensure that they are being properly performed. At the radars another ORE evaluator observes the crew as they apply power and make adjustments. The system is on the air. Another readiness evaluation has been made by ORE. At the Luxembourg American Military Cemetery on 11 November a ceremony is held in honor of General George Patton who led the troops liberating Luxembourg. The formalities are part of the Armistice celebration held near Luxembourg city. Brigadier General Edward A. Bailey assistant division commander eighth infantry division addresses the guests. Then members of girl scout and boy scout organizations carry wreaths from the monument down the chapel steps to be placed on the grave sites. Among the graves honored is that of General Patton. The ceremony reflects the inscription on the monument. Proud remembrance.


Each year, over a million Americans from all walks of life learn that they have cancer. At first, many react to the diagnosis with fear. My first reaction when I heard on the telephone that I had cancer was, oh my God, I have cancer?  No one had ever talked about cancer because it was something that was a frightening word in our community. When I first heard of cancer years ago, it meant that you had a terminal situation.  More than 10 million Americans are living with cancer more than ever before. It can be a difficult battle, but many are winning thanks to significant advances in medical research. Researchers are continuing to make important discoveries that result in new advances in treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and the development of new drugs. One way patients get access to promising new therapies is by participating in clinical trials, also known as cancer research studies. The doctor recommends that you participate in a clinical trial. You are being offered the ability to go one step further than a standard treatment. To do a little bit more, and even though it's not proven, it may benefit one. For me, participating in the trial was about receiving treatment, but with a lot of special attention. These and many other individuals were touched by cancer. Some were empowered to benefit from new treatment options. All were empowered to help others. Rural and urban, sick and healthy, young and old, and everyone in between. Empowerment, access, and choices. That's what clinical trials and the people who make them happen are all about. But clinical trials may not be the best choice for everyone. I chose not to participate in a clinical trial because I was too scared to try something experimental. We looked at the distance and the fact we need to travel to treatment visits for weeks at a time. It seemed like a lot to put my family through when I could just go to the cancer center near my house. And you know, it was a bit scary to think about trying a new treatment, so it was a tough decision. The decision to participate in a clinical trial should be made with your family and doctors to weigh the possible benefits with risks or drawbacks. Ultimately, it's your personal decision whether or not to participate in a clinical trial. Clinical trials test promising new therapies with people in various stages of cancer, from first diagnosis to advanced disease. Patients may learn about clinical trials from their doctor or on their own through libraries, information lines, and the internet. A clinical trial is a test to see if a drug or treatment will be effective in treating human disease. 100% of the people who take a medicine or treatment for a disease are standing on the shoulders of someone who participated in a clinical trial. Clinical trials are an essential part of proving that any new medicine or treatment works for the group it's intended to help. Many of today's accepted uses of medicines came through clinical trials. In the 1970s, for instance, doctors and nurses began to think that Aspirin might save the lives of people who came to the hospital having a heart attack. Because thousands of patients agreed to participate in the clinical trial of Aspirin more than 30 years ago, doctors today routinely give Aspirin to hundreds of thousands of patients every year. A cancer clinical trial is one of the final stages in the careful process of cancer research that begins in the laboratory. When doctors first discover a promising approach, it's often tested on animals. But treatments that work well on animals don't always work well on people. So it's important to study them in cancer patients to find out whether they're safe and effective for people. For the patient's safety, new treatments are tested in four phases. Each phase is designed to answer different research questions. A phase one trial is done with a small number of people. Here we try to find a safe dosage, decide exactly how and when the new medicine should be given, and observe how the new treatment affects the body. Phase two trials determine the effect of the treatment on specific types of cancer. If a treatment shows potential benefits, it goes on to a phase three trial. These trials are open to large numbers of patients, and researchers use them to directly compare new treatments with standard treatments. This results in new standards for care. Finally, phase four trials aim to further assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of a new treatment. There are many types of clinical trials, but all are designed to answer questions about new ways of finding and diagnosing, treating, and preventing cancer. Cancer is many stages. It's a very complicated disease. And at every stage of cancer, we are able to have clinical trials. There are clinical trials for prevention of cancer. There are clinical trials for initial treatment, relapsing, relapsing the second time. It's not true that clinical trials are only for people in the final stages of the disease. For some people with cancer, there are clinical trials that look at better ways to manage symptoms or improve their overall quality of life. I've been fighting breast cancer and have had a lot of side effects from chemotherapy. I took part in a clinical trial to help me feel less tired from the chemo, and it helped me. Before you're offered the option of participating in a clinical trial, there are many considerations. First, researchers must determine whether you meet their trial's specific eligibility criteria. Now, this refers to a list of factors that a patient must have to ensure that the treatment is tested in similar people. The eligibility criteria vary for each trial and may include factors such as type and stage of cancer and whether the cancer patient has had prior cancer treatment or other health problems. Before you can participate in a trial, you may need to visit the clinic for tests and have your current doctor work with the study team. Now, this helps to ensure that a particular study is a good choice for you. You may find that even though you participate in a cancer clinical trial, you may not receive the new treatment. This is due to the process of randomization, which helps ensure that different treatments are evaluated fairly. Randomization is done in all Phase 3 and some Phase 2 trials. Randomization means that patients are assigned to either an investigational group or a control group. Your assignment will be determined by chance through a computer program or a table of random numbers. If you are assigned to a control group, you will get standard treatment. And if you are assigned to the investigational group, you will get the new agent or intervention being tested. To help protect participants and produce sound results, clinical trials are carried out according to strict scientific and ethical principles, with many levels of review throughout the process. Participating in any research study has inherent risks. To protect patients, clinical trials follow strict guidelines.  The protocol ensures that all patients in the study are treated in the same way. Also for the patient's safety, each study must be first approved by an institutional review board, or IRB, made up of leading researchers and community leaders. Some trials continue to be monitored by a data, safety and monitoring board to ensure the trial is being conducted correctly and to monitor the results closely. An important part of a clinical trial is a process called informed consent. During this process, your doctor or nurse will explain to you in detail the terms and treatments in the study. They'll also answer any questions you may have. Now once you fully understand the study, its potential risks and benefits, and your rights as a participant, you'll be asked to sign a consent form. This form makes sure you understand and agree to the terms of this study. You may want to discuss the form with family or friends, or bring someone to the doctor's office with you. It is very important to keep asking questions until you fully understand the terms of the study. If you choose to participate in a clinical trial, you have the right to leave the study at any time, even after signing an informed consent agreement. That was made clear from the beginning that I don't have to go... I could say stop at any time. I don't have to go through anything that I don't feel comfortable with or I'm afraid of. The safety of participants in the trial will continue to be monitored throughout the study. If the review board or data and safety monitoring board finds that a trial appears to be causing unexpected harm to the participants, the board can stop the trial. The idea that clinical trials are only for the very ill is one of many misconceptions surrounding clinical trials. Another myth, based on fear, is a myth that patients who enroll in clinical trials are treated like guinea pigs. That's actually been said to me before, you know, I could never do that because, you know, they're just... they're trying out weird stuff on people and that's really not true. Another misconception involves the use of placebos or sugar pills in place of treatments a patient may need. Placebos are almost never used in cancer treatment clinical trials. In some cases, a study may compare standard therapy plus a new therapy to standard therapy plus a placebo. You will be told if the study uses a placebo. At any point during the trial, if one of the groups is doing better than the other, the trial will be stopped and all patients will be offered the opportunity to receive the better treatment. Of course, as promising as a new drug or treatment may seem, entering a clinical trial is a decision to consider carefully. You may want to think about such things as cost you may be responsible for, time commitments, and the number of doctor visits required. One concern in considering clinical trials is the cost involved. Some insurance companies state that they don't cover experimental treatments. Before you participate in a clinical trial, check with your insurance company about whether this expense is covered by your plan. Insurance coverage is not always a requirement. Even those who are uninsured may be able to participate in clinical trials. Assistance may be available through sources such as the group running the trial or Medicare. You also can talk to a nurse or a social worker from the study. They will help you be sure of how cost for participation will be covered. When you're considering participating in a clinical trial, your current doctor may be able to help you. Here are some questions you may want to ask. Find out about the trial, how long will it last, what's involved, and what are the possible side effects or risks. What are the costs and what will you need to pay for as opposed to your insurance company? How will the trial impact your daily life including the time and travel commitment you'll need to make? What other treatment options are available and how do they compare to the treatment in this trial? Patients in clinical trials are monitored very closely. In some trials, patients may have to come in more frequently for tests and check-ups. Sometimes these demands can mean a greater commitment in terms of time and travel. Most patients find that life as they know it changes during a clinical trial, much as it does with standard cancer treatments. Many people have to cut back on work and family activities. Although the change may only be temporary, for active people it can be difficult. You may have to travel a long distance. Is it going to fit into your lifestyle? You may be the breadwinner of the family. How's that going to impact? And all of that has to be laid out before the patient so that they can decide. I didn't go into this without any fear, trust me. But I feel like the fear made me more aggressive in my treatment and now has given me a peace of mind that I have done the most that I can do to battle this disease. During the decision-making process, many patients find it helpful to gather as much information as possible from every available source. If you want to know the truth, I actually make my decision upon the recommendation of my doctor. I would also suggest that if a doctor recommends you for a trial to ask him for some names of people that have already been through it, I had quite a few people call me who were on the line trying to decide whether they should go into it or not. And I tried to give them the best information that I could. Doctors are one key source of information, but not the only source. Many patients will go on the Internet, check the newspapers and go to the library. They'll research the disease themselves to find out the state-of-the-art information. Many cancer patients find the reward of taking part in a clinical trial goes beyond improving their own health. When Wilber first mentioned the fact that he wanted to participate in this trial, I thought it was a good idea. But if you don't volunteer to help to advance medicine, we'll be at a standstill. By volunteering, you're helping not only yourself, but you're helping many others. I think I'm very, very fortunate to have a doctor that I have. He was a young, aggressive doctor. I mean, he was a doctor who believed that you looked at the new technologies in dealing with cancer. We wanted the latest medication, the latest procedures, the latest information that we could get. He just wanted to get well, and that was the main thing. And if this was going to help him, this is what we would have done, you know. Choosing to participate in a clinical trial is a big decision. The process itself can take great strength and not everyone benefits, but many do. I feel support for people who are coming after us, and that's why I'm here today, to try to help. And I would highly recommend to anybody who's offered a chance to participate in a clinical trial. You're helping others, and you're helping yourself. The key to remember is it's bad when you're there, but when you're finished, there's a real sense of accomplishment and that you've done all that you can possibly do to battle the disease. I hope more people participate in trials so that we can move knowledge in the field forward faster so we can deliver the new treatments that are coming along. This is going to become more and more important in the upcoming decade. In fact, it'll be important to everyone, at every age and in every place, because cancer touches all of us, and cancer clinical trials benefit all of us. Basically, there are two reasons why I participated in clinical trials. One is entirely selfish, because I may benefit from them. The other is that the treatments I've received that have kept me alive this long, someone had to do the clinical trials to get those going, and I have benefited from them. So if I can push the baton along the line a little bit, I'm going to do it. Fifteen years ago when I was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, I was presented with the idea of joining a clinical trial. Because I was not given all of the information about a clinical trial, what it entailed, and I was there by myself when the question was posed to me, I decided not to join the clinical trial based on a lack of information. How many times can you do something that's helpful to you, but unselfish to other people, too? How can you find out cures without going through this process? Somebody has to do it, and I'm willing to do it. For more information about clinical trials, or to find a trial you may be eligible for, call the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER, or visit them on the web at www.cancer.gov. Thank you.


One, two, three checking. Can you guys hear me in the back? Cool. So thanks for coming. My name is Lukas. I work on the Formman open source project and also satellite 6 product. And today I'll be showing quite a little hack I've built yesterday and last week, which is really about I have this idea of deploying bare mental hosts using images. So if you have any comments or requests, send me it over to the LZAP at redhead.com. So today I'll do a short motivation part. Why do I care? I'll show some tools. I've built my patch. It's actually a patch that's not yet a pending review, but will soon do. And I'll show you discovery and format. And then I have a demo for you when I'll be showing you not dozen, but actually one host provisioning. I had ideas that were simplified a bit. So if you look around in today's data center, you'll find a lot of virtualization cloud containers, maybe. But it's really the virtualization technology which changed the way we provision systems. It's because it allows something that is different.  And that is cloning, image-based provisioning, cloning, templates, quality you want. And virtualization still does support booting via OS installer like Anaconda or Pixi booting. But it allows this nice feature. And it would be nice to have this feature on bare metal. So it's really the cloning that is interesting, that really impresses me, like being able to deploy a lot of hosts using an image.  You really need to start, although the system itself, the engine usually supports this kind of provisioning. You need to somehow bootstrap the system. You need to install the virtualization itself or a cloud. And there are a couple of approaches, like if you install OpenStack, there is a OOO000, OpenStack that installs small. OpenStack that installs a big OpenStack. In Overt or Rev, you have one kind of deployment, which is actually, I think, it's called self-contained deployment, where the engine that the manager really is a VM inside, so it manages itself. So it's interesting, but it always starts with a bare metal host. And what's also relevant, I think, is we do see increase of ARM servers. And these are small, small servers that are not as powerful as Intel's, well, not yet. But while the ARM Server 64 platform does support virtualization, I think it's reasonable to squeeze the power of the system and try to use them as a bare metal host. So it's very relevant, I think. So the question, the big question I made for this talk is, can we just deploy an image on a bare metal host, a Linux image, and the most importantly, will it work? So obviously, we can try. I've tried. We can try it works, deployment of an image. And the answer for the second question is, yes, it works. The wonderful thing about Linux is its batteries include it. You have kernel, and you have all the modules and firmware, usually. And several megabytes, right? But the great thing about it, and what differs this from other systems like Windows, is you don't need to usually search for CD-ROMs and install a third-party of firmware and drivers. It's all there. So basically, some of us have been there when somebody asked, hey, we have this REL 304. It's disconnected from the internet, but it's a production system. Can you please migrate to the new bare metal host? And what do you do? You basically transfer an image. And with some amount of luck, you have the REL 4, REL 3 that can't be really upgraded for some reason on a new bare metal system. So the idea is simple. So what do we need? So first of all, we need an image. So obvious thing to do is to create an image. So you install a system. So you run through the Anaconda in case of federal REL, install it on bare metal or virtualization. And then you create a snapshot, right? Using any kind of tool like in virtualized environments is easier. So I would suggest to do this in a virtualized environment. Two things I want to say is, mind the size. It's easier to create a smallish, smaller image. Typical OS installation consists of several gigabytes. So if you create six 10 gigs image or I'm in volume, it's fine. You can always expand that. And it's also the transfer. I'll be showing it's a little bit lengthy operation. It's doing it over network. So mind the size. And also, important step is, un-configure.  You want to un-configure the image. So there's a nice tool called VIRT SysPrep. It's in, I think the package name is LipguestFSTools. And there are a lot of tools starting with VIRT-. It's a wonderful package. I highly recommend. And it will do, you provide an image, provide option, and it will mount the image and do the work for you. So it's great. Option number one, OK. Option number two, there are a lot of images floating around the internet. These are cloud images. So Fedora have one, or REL have few, CentOS have few, and et cetera. And I had this idea to leverage that. So it has been tested. Why not? The only drawback is these are locked down. For security reasons, of course, we don't want to have a lot of un-secure images running on AWS. So you need to provide it what we call a seed configuration. They usually use a thing called CloudInit, which is a small Python script that runs during the boot at several stages and can do things like set root password, deploy SSH key, or what's typical is expand volume and expand file systems. Great. So yeah, you can use that, of course, for bare-battle provisioning, image provisioning. But you need to somehow set your infrastructure for CloudInit. So I think the way it works is it downloads that from HTTP server on your network. So you need to set up this kind of server. You can also work around this by inserting a floppy. If your server has floppy or USB or something like that, it can take the configuration file from there. Also an option. My third recommendation would be use WordBuilder, which is distributed in the very same package I said, libgustfs. It's a wonderful tool that RichW Jones, I think, maintains a repository of pre-paked images that are compressed by XZ. And they are each about two megabytes in size. And you will find CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian on all of these. We also have an internal repository within Red Hat that provides Rails. And with a single command, WordBuilder CentOS size 6 gigs, it will download the image if you don't have it and mounts it somehow. It works like a magic. And it will expand it for you. And you can use it. It's a base installation of CentOS with what you can do is you should set a root password, of course. It's locked by default. And so first approach could be you can create an image that will be exactly the size of the bare metal hose you want to deploy on. Second option could be, and that's much better, that that is actually what I'll be showing in a minute, is this command. I've created an image of 6 gigabytes that will install this command. WordBuilder has a lot of options. It can edit files. You can put files into the image. You can do a lot of stuff. One of these is install in a package. So this is Cloud in RPM with dependencies. And you need to configure the Cloud in it because by default it requires some configuration. So using this trick I've learned yesterday, you can say, just do the defaults. And the default is expand disk. And that's it. And we can set the root password here using WordBuilder. So this is a nice technique. So we have image, okay? What to do next? We have some tools to transfer the image onto a bare metal server. So every year we have a right-hand summit. And we are building a classroom of satellite workstations. And every year, I haven't been there, but every year we struggle with this a little bit, walking around with the USB sticks. And if you want to provision 30 servers, 30 workstations won't work. I mean, unless you want to spend three nights doing that. So we've been using, I think, BitTorrent or stuff like that. And I was searching the internet trying to find a tool which we could use. And I found this wonderful tool, UDPcast. It's a 20 kilobytes package. It has been added to the EPOL 7 and 6 last winter. So it's in RHEL. It's great. Of course, it's in Fedora and other distributions. And it works great. You just give it a file or a block device, and it will transfer it to the receiver. Now, the great thing about this is this is a UDP multicast. The protocol has been built from the day one to transfer of a huge amount of data. So it has some kind of error corrections or stuff like that. And if you're doing actually one or is multiple receivers one center, it will send the image just once. And it will take you just one particular amount of time. It has a lot of options, but the menu page is quite short. And it just works. I love it. So we have UDPcast. We have an image. So what to do next? So there's a project I'm working on. It's called Formen. And I'll just give it a minute to introduce you to Formen. Formen is a lifecycle tool management lifecycle systems management tool. It helps you with managing servers and even workstations. We do support. You can install it on Fedora, RHEL, or Ubuntu, or Debian. And with it, you can manage almost any kind of Linux, any kind of, well, Windows. We have also some Windows support. I haven't tested myself. We also do BSD switches, like C-score. I'm not sure which switches do we all support. It can help you with provisioning. It can help you with running configuration management. Integrates with puppets, with Ansible, with Chef, with all of the major configuration management. It does some reports and stuff like that. So it's a pretty wonderful tool. I really like it. Now, one of the features of Formen is Formen Discovery. So of course, you can install systems with Formen. You can pick-see boot systems via network. You can generate boot disks that will allow you to boot systems on DHCP less networks, which is interesting for customers like banks and agencies. And Discovery is one of the features that we provide. This is a screenshot of a very old version. I love it because of the logo. And it also basically describes what it does here. Discovery is a small-life CD we've built. It's based on CentOS, Rael, or Fedora. So the great thing about this, we don't strip unnecessary things. So it contains all the fiber drivers. So if you have a certified hardware for Rael, it will, you know, Discovery will just work just fine. And what it does is puts all unknown hosts on the network, puts into the Discovery mode, and gathers some facts about the system, and send them over network to Formen. And in the Formen, you can decide clicking on Provision button and rebooting them into Anaconda. You can also Kexec into Anaconda if you don't want to reboot them. If you are limited, if you don't have a DHCP server, you can also automate this via Discovery rules and stuff like that. So it's a very nifty tool. And yeah, so it's pretty obvious. I maintain, I co-maintain the Formen Discovery image. This is the image that you basically put on your Pixie server or on your USB stick, stick it into a server or boot from network, and use that. We also do support what's called Pixie less mode when you don't want to use or can't use Pixie or DHCP. And that provides you some nice text user interface when you can configure network, specify some options, and then Discovery host and it will Kexec into Anaconda. So what I prepared for this talk is a patch in Formen Discovery image that will present you a new screen where you can start UDP cast and deploy an image onto a Discovery host. So I'll start with that. The demo is, by the way, prerecorded. Sorry about that. Okay, so what we have here is one VM, it's a LibreVM, that is, it has attached the Formen Discovery image development built I've been working on recently. And I'll just boot it so it will boot up and show you what we call text user interface for Pixie less. It's booting in the Pixie less mode, which is meant to be attended when you will see a menu that needs some input from the user. By default, usually, if you're not putting the Discovery image, it will do automatic discovery and it awaits orders. But this is what we call welcome menu for the attended mode. So from here, you can either enter network credentials and do the traditional discovery and then K-exec that into Anaconda if you want. But I've added this new button here, Image Transfer, which will allow us to basically, all I've done is I've added the UDP cast, so the image is slightly bigger by several dependencies. I've also added a few other tools like SSM, K-part D, so if you want to change the volumes on your server. And thanks, but this is really it. So I'll go ahead and click the Image Transfer button in a second. And what we'll see is an extra screen where Discovery image will ask for interface I want interface to use for UDP, UDP Cast. You may notice that the UDP Cast, I was not on the slide, but UDP Cast requires interface to use if you have multiple interfaces. Unfortunately, I only have one interface over here, network interface, and that's it. So I can decide to manually enter network credentials or I can just go ahead with DHCP. That's what I will do because on my network, testing network, I do have a DHCP server. And this is my work. I just wanted to show you and start some discussion about it is this is a new screen that allows you some kind of ad hoc UDP Cast Image Transfer. Okay, so first we need to start the mode. Obviously we want to spawn either UDP Receiver or UDP Sender process. The Sender is would be useful if you wanted to migrate to migrate existing server onto another server. Volume is obvious. We're in the Libvert environments. We'll use a VIRT IO device VDA in this case. Depending on the image, you want to partition your disk or not, if you have an image that has master boot or grab on it, so you just simply can drop it on a physical device, and that's the case. Now UDP Cast requires a port, which is by default 9,000. It's actually port-based. It uses 9,000 and now 9,001. So it's the communication protocol uses at two ports. It's a UDP, don't forget. On the image, on the developing image, I've enabled through up to 9,100, so you can use any kind of port. If you need more, you can reconfigure that. So good idea and good technique would be to have a UDP Sender on your network, run through Chrome every 10 minutes, let's say. So on port 90, you could be sending every 10 minutes, send OS standard installation you want to use. On port 9002, you will be sending, I don't know, real sticks if you're using that every 10 minutes. And both receivers have some kind of batch mode when it waits five minutes and until no receiver shows up, it will exit. So you could do something like this, okay? And then extra options, you can search in the manual pages. It has a couple of options you can provide. What I would like to provide is two more fields. I'll talk about this at the end. Now, as you can see, this is very simple, you're using interface, I didn't want to do, this is a redhead new T library, you may know it. It doesn't provide a lot of options, so I decided to make a short message. And now I'm doing a UDP send dash dash file and my image on my second VM on that network. And if you want to see more, you need to use a second console when we run by default a journal D. It's a journal D following the system log. And from third console, you can, there's a getty, there's a possibility to log in. As you can see, UDP receiver started and it's receiving, we are doing great job of the image is six gigs, so we have a halfway through, it's doing some very quick provisioning at rate of 1,030 megabytes, oh, dropped back to six megabytes per second. And this is it, really. In a moment, we'll see this screen to fall back to the main menu. I would like to add a checkbox, like reboot after transfer is done, and another checkbox or radio box compressor to use, because the raw image usually contains a lot of zeros and we don't want to spend a lot of time transferring zeros. I'm not sure that Ethernet or TCP UDP stack would handle that. So I'll just reboot manually, there's a reboot option. And we'll see discovery booting into REL 7.3 that was actually deployed using image. So it's image onto bare metal, okay? Last point I want to mention before we start Q&A is that compression is a very good idea to do. So you can of course pipe it through GZ or there's a nice compressor LZOP that is almost as good in the ratio but it's four times faster than that GZIP. So it's a good idea to pipe it through a compressor and so I'll add some support for that. And also make sure that if you're creating an image, you are creating a raw image. You're not creating a VDMK or VMware image. You're not creating a COW2, which is a copy and write format that is only used in LibreD. You need really a raw image that will be just one-to-one mapping to the physical device. So this is it, this is it. We'll see it in a minute. It's rebooting into REL 7.3. I would love to go a little bit further with, Forman has a nice plug-in called remote execution, which is essentially SSH in a loop but with a nice interface, with a nice features, with the support of templating. We have a nice templating system in Forman. I would like to add a template, an integration with a discovered host. So basically what I need to do is add a SSH key to every single discovered host and basically allow remote execution to reach over to the discovered host. And we could do the same using a simple shortcut, right? We could partition disk and start UDP Cast on the correct port. You would receive, if we're running it from Chrome on manually, you would receive the image and that's it. So, yeah, questions. Do you like it?  So the point was if we can use the imaging for deploying some kind of a DNS server or management server, yeah, that's, so if it's possible to use this technique to deploy anything in the center, of course, yeah.  Sure, it's interesting idea. Please. Yeah, yeah, good question. So what happens if you don't start all the receivers and it will start, okay. So there's a handshake protocol and UDP Cast is a wonderful piece of software. There's a handshake protocol. You can customize a lot of that. So wait five minutes or wait until I have at least five receivers or something like that. So we can configure a lot of stuff. Basically, what will happen is if the transfer is already in progress, the receiver will wait. And according to its configuration, it will wait forever but you can also configure like wait 10 minutes and then exit. So if you'll be configuring your infrastructure to send every 10 minutes to send the image, it will receive the image in the next batch, basically. So that would happen. So this was the last question. Thank you for your time. Please get back to me if you have any comments and hope you'll love this feature. Thank you. Because this is actually what I have done in my data center. We had bunch of computer, they were actually PC for testing purposes. And I have managed to have a setup where I, after installing some software on my laptop, I would go down there. I was actually provisioning those bare metal PCs using a preset configuration and you go to network images. But that setup worked just fine. It was perfect. So I would simply go down with my laptop. I had a mask installed. I had a list of MAC addresses that I am to provision. So it wasn't discovered. I knew it wasn't done before. I went down. Yeah. Yeah, and after I started rebooting, those would simply pull the configuration from my laptop and install the software I wanted to install from them. And then I used actually Ansible to further provision them because I already need the IPs, new Macs, et cetera. Those were installed with my preset configuration. So I think that would be a great idea to include your project, the kind of setup. Well, we have a...


In this book, I collected articles, interviews that I've wrote in the course of a quarter century. They're very interdisciplinary, but there's one unifying scene that goes through all of it. That is property or more precisely private property defined as the exclusive control of scarce resources, the origin of private property and its ethical and economic rationale and justification as the ultimate source of peace and prosperity. And on the other hand, the state defined as a territorial monopolist of ultimate decision making and conflict arbitration, including all cases of conflict involving the state and its agents itself and its origin and its role as the greatest danger to private property as a prominent source of conflict and the greatest enemy to peace and prosperity and finally the constitution of a private law society defined as a society without a state or any monopolist whatsoever, whether legal or otherwise, and its unique function as the only conceivable guarantor of eternal peace and prosperity. But there's more to it than just this. There are reflections on social evolution and the causes of the so-called neolithic revolution, invention of agriculture and of the industrial revolution. I'll come back to that in a second. On monarchy and on the de-civilizing effects of democracy, on war, on centralization, on the session, on egalitarianism, on inequality and on natural aristocracy and on the inevitability and virtue of discrimination and on migration and the perils of multiculturalism, much of which is extremely politically incorrect and has made me a persona non grata not only among mainstream intellectuals but also and in particular, among many so-called left big government or bleeding heart libertarians. Some of the pieces that I assembled in this volume are dealing with purely theoretical, value-free, philosophical or economic problems. Others deal with normative issues and still others are concerned with matters of politics and political strategy. Some of the pieces are very long and intellectually demanding and others are short and easy. Most of them have been published before but they're also a few that have never been published any place else before and I want to say a few words about one of those pieces. It is titled from the Malthusian Trap to the Industrial Revolution, an explanation of social evolution. This is also a piece that is somewhat politically incorrect, I would say, again also and not in the least among libertarian circles. What I want to say about this piece is just a brief indication of what I do there until about 1800. It is until the time when we say the Industrial Revolution began in England until that time and for most of recorded human history real income per capita in terms of food, housing, closing, heating and lighting did not rise at all. That is, average living standards in 18th century England were not significantly higher than living standards were in ancient Babylon where we have the oldest recorded data on wage rates and on various consumer goods and prices for consumer goods. So we can also say that until about 1800 there existed little difference in the economics or in the economies of humans and non-human animals, because for animals and also for plants, it is always invariably true that an increase in their number will encroach upon the available means of subsistence and eventually lead to overpopulation, that is to supernumerary specimens as Mises called them, which must be weeded out due to a lack of sustenance. Now today, obviously, we know that as far as humans are concerned, this must not be so. No supernumerary specimens who are thus weeded out exist in modern Western societies, but for most of human life, this was indeed the case. Let me just also quote Mises to this effect. Mises recognized this quite clearly. He said, the purposive adjustment of the birth rate to the supply of material potentialities of wellbeing is an indispensable condition of human life and action of civilization and of any improvement in wealth and welfare. Where the average standard of living is impaired by the excessive increase in population figures, irreconcilable conflicts of interest arise. Each individual is again a rival of all other individuals in the struggle for survival. The annihilation of rivals is the only means to increase one's wellbeing. As natural conditions are, men has only the choice between the pitiless war of each against each or social cooperation, but social cooperation is impossible if people give reign to the natural impulses of proliferation. The question then that I address in this rather lengthy essay is, what did get us out of this Malthusian trap which characterizes or characterized most of human history? And the answer that is frequently given, the standard answer also among libertarians is, there must have been some institutional change that occurred around 1800. And what is typically pointed out is, there must have been a better protection of private property rights that somehow occurred at that time, but no such change can be found in history. That is simply not true. Private property rights were also well protected hundreds of years before, and still, we did not get out of the Malthusian trap. It is true that the protection of private property rights is a necessary condition for getting out of this trap, but it is certainly not sufficient. Now, what I hypothesize in accordance with some other sources I should mention in particular Michael Hart's book on understanding human history, and also a book by Gregory Clark, Farewell to Arms, is the variable of human intelligence. During the Malthusian age, what we can observe is that those people who are economically successful and do survive are by and large, the brighter people and the brighter people have a larger number of offspring. And this is in particular true in Northern regions on the globe, because Northern regions represent a more challenging environment and higher intelligence is, so to speak, something that is especially advantageous to have in more challenging environments. And it takes a long time in order to breed a more intelligent population that then makes it possible to make enough technological innovations to allow not only growth of the population, but at the same time also an increase in per capita income of this growing population. And this breeding of a more highly intelligent population, especially in the North with the gradient going to the South, is responsible for the Industrial Revolution that broke out around 1800. No institutional changes are responsible for this, but the gradual development of a more intelligent population due to the fact that the more intelligent people breed a larger number of offspring and thereby gradually increase the average intelligence of the population. And I also point out that there is, of course, then also the possibility that this development can be reversed. It can be reversed if it happens that the less intelligent people do breed larger numbers of people and the more intelligent people breed less and less and that that is a danger you all know already. Thank you very much.