Okay, good morning everyone. Good morning to our students. Good morning. Thank you so much for joining. Good morning, sir. Last week, I think you may need to move this camera a little back. Okay, so last week we talked about the urgency, chapter one, the urgency and the necessity of sharing the gospel. So we saw that, why is it important to share the gospel? Why is it that, you know, it's urgent? Why is it necessary to share the gospel? So we looked at many points. Every person needs a Saviour. There's only one Saviour that is Jesus Christ. And God has commissioned us. He has called us. He has said, you go and share the gospel, right? Then we also looked at the urgency. There's no second chances. The Lord Jesus said, thousands of years back, I'm coming. So, time is running out. And we also learned that you and I must not be ashamed of the gospel. The Lord Jesus was not ashamed of us. And so we must not be ashamed of the gospel of Jesus Christ. So let's get into chapter two. Chapter two, we'll talk about the gospel, right? Now, we talk about the gospel so much. What is the gospel? What is the gospel? The word gospel means message. All of us may say, right? I want to share the gospel. I want to share the gospel. What do you want to share? The message, right? What is the message? There are hundreds of messages we can share. But what is the main gospel? What is the main message of the gospel? So that we'll look at today. Let's read first Corinthians chapter 15, verse one to three. Go ahead. First Corinthians chapter 15, verse one to three. Moreover, brethren, I declare to you the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received and in which you stand, by which also you are saved, if you hold fast that word which I preached to you, unless you believe in vain. For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures. Right? So in this portion, the Apostle Paul is writing to the believers and he's saying, this is the gospel.  By this gospel, you are saved. Right? The message that we preach, you and I as believers, the Apostle Paul is saying, when I preach the gospel through this message, you were saved. Okay? Now, let me give you a background. It's very important to understand the background. The church in Corinth was a place that was filled with idol worship. There was a lot of idol worship. There was, you know, thousands and thousands of male and female prostitutes. One, two, there was idol worship. Right? People were living in sexual immorality. People were living in high level of sin. Right? There was they didn't know, okay, this is sin. This is good. This is bad. They didn't know. And Paul has gone to that place in Corinth and he is preaching the gospel. And if you read in the book of Acts, it shows that, you know, when he shared the gospel, many people became believers and they were able to, the church was planted in Corinth. Now, what is this message that the Apostle Paul preached? Did he preach about the testimony? Did he say, okay, we know one day I was a Pharisee and I was going to kill all the Christians. Right? And then after that, one light came and I saw Jesus. Jesus said, you didn't give all that stories. Testimony is good. Right? The book of Galatians, he says he writes about his testimony. But what did he share? The Bible says that the message that he shared was the message of the cross. The cross of Jesus Christ. That's what he shared. Right? And through this message, he was able to speak about the life of Jesus, the death of Jesus and the resurrection of Jesus. That is the gospel that you and I must share. What is it? The life, the death and the resurrection. How did Jesus live his life? What did he do? He overcame sin. He did mighty miracles. Is there anybody else in this world who has done those miracles? No. He took on death on a cross for who? For you and me. He died on the cross. He took up our sin. The book of Isaiah 53 says he took up our sin on the cross. So death. And then he resurrected from the dead. Is there anybody who has resurrected from the dead? Nobody. Right? That is the gospel. Three points. What's it? First one? What's the first one? Life, death, resurrection. So when you and I are sharing the gospel, remember these three points. Life, death, resurrection. Let's read 1 Corinthians chapter 1 verse 17 to 24. This is a very, very powerful verse. 1 Corinthians chapter 1, 17 to 24. For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel. Hello pastor, can you hear me? Hello. If Christ be not raised, your faith is win. First Corinthians, right? 17 to 25. Okay, go ahead. Go ahead. And if Christ be not raised, your faith is win. He are yet in your sins. Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished. So is this 1 Corinthians? 1 Corinthians. 1 Corinthians chapter 1 verse 17 to 24. Okay, 1 Corinthians chapter 1. Christ is not risen. Your faith is fertile.  Then also, those who have fallen asleep in Christ. No, no, no. Is this 1 Corinthians? 1 Corinthians chapter 1. 1 Corinthians chapter 1 verse 17. For Christ sent me. For Christ sent me. Christ is not risen. Your faith is fertile.  Then also, those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are all men of the most pitiful. But now Christ is risen from the dead and has become. No, no, I don't think this is 1 Corinthians. Double check it. For Christ did not send me to baptize. Go ahead from there. For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel, not with wisdom of words, lest the cross of Christ should be made of none effect. For the preaching of the cross is to them that perished foolishness. Let's stop there. Okay, I'm going to read 17 and 18 again. For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel, not with words of human wisdom, not with words of human wisdom, lest the cross of Christ be emptied of its power. So what is Paul saying? Christ did not send me to baptize. Is baptism good? Is it good to baptize people? Yes. Yes or no? Yes. Good. That's one of the commandments that God has given us. But here Paul is saying, God didn't send me to baptize people. That is part of it. But God sent me to preach the gospel. Right? Here, not with words of wisdom. That means what? Not with our own words, not our own intellect. Now, wisdom is important again. Right? We need the wisdom. We need wisdom of God to share the gospel with people. We need the wisdom on how to speak, what to speak, when to speak. Yes or no? Right? If you're sharing the gospel, we need the wisdom. We can't be foolish in the way we share the gospel. We need to think and speak. But what is Paul saying here? I will not rely on my own wisdom, meaning on my own abilities or my own strength. Because if I rely on that, the cross of Jesus Christ will be emptied. Right? What is the teachers? How many of you have given testimony in church? Testimony time. Kauai ke samai. The correct? Yes? You come and you start saying, okay, this is what Jesus did. This is how I was in my life and this is what I did and then I prayed and then I... What happens? Because it's a testimony. But sometimes you're only talking about ourselves. Right? Okay, because I did this, because I somehow I went to church, because I went and I read this verse, because I did this, because I worshiped God, somehow the Holy Spirit came, because I obeyed the Holy Spirit, I followed Jesus and because I did this, sometimes we make the testimony about us. What does Paul say? It's not about me. Lest the cross of Jesus Christ be emptied, the message of the gospel is the message of the cross. Testimony, it's good. But when you and I share the gospel with people, it is the cross. Three points. What are those three points? Life as a reaction. That is the cross. Now let's go next verse, verse 18. For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing. Let me stop there. Now how many of you, you have shared the gospel with people, but they laughed at you? So many times. Why? Because the message of the cross is foolishness. Hey, what are you talking? One man named Jesus was born of a virgin and he lived a good life. And even though he lived a good life, they put him on the cross. They killed him. They murdered him. And then after three days, he rose again. And now if we believe in what Jesus did on the cross, we have saved him. It's foolish. Even now, 22,022 years before. Right? Jesus died where? In Jerusalem. Some other country. 2,020 years ago. Now if you tell people about Jesus, they'll say, Jesus died long back. He's not even come to our country. And you're believing in this. It's foolish. It doesn't make sense. So when we die, we'll go be with Jesus. Where is Jesus? All these questions will come. Now Paul is saying it is foolishness to those who are perishing. So there'll be times you'll share the gospel. They'll ridicule. They'll mock you. They will make fun of you. They'll make fun of Jesus. They'll make fun of the cross. It's foolishness to them because they are perishing. The devil has blinded their eyes. Is it happening only now? Remember when Jesus was alive? What did Jesus say? I am the Messiah. Before Abraham was, I am. Everywhere he says, he declares himself as the chosen one. John the Baptist saying, Behold the Lamb of God who takes the sins of the world. He didn't hide. But they themselves didn't see. They didn't see him as a Messiah. So even now, the devil can blind people's eyes. And make them feel that this is foolish. It's foolish. Doesn't make sense. It is not real. Maybe Jesus was really a person. He came. He did some miracles. He died. He's a good man. It's foolishness to those who are perishing. But what is the second half of that verse saying? But to us. Everyone say us. Each one of us. To us who are being saved. It is the power of God. So to look at picture this way. You have an unbeliever. You have a believer. Give them the same Bible. Give them the same verse. Second Corinthians 5.17. Just an example. Or Ephesians 3.20. Tell both of them to read it. Both will read. One will feel it is foolish. What is this? Poems. Stories. These are. But the believer, you and I will say, this is the power of God.  If anyone is in Christ. He's a new creation. That means, even if I've sinned, I've done something very bad. When I come to the Lord Jesus, He forgives my sin. But the same verse. Unbeliever is reading. What is this? Anyone is in Christ. Who is this Christ? He's a new creation. I don't want to be a new creation. Why? Because it's foolishness to them. Same verse. It's the power of God under salvation. You see the difference? Right? So the enemy, the devil will blind people. But here's the thing. When you and I share the gospel, the Bible says, there are many scriptures which talks about the word of God that is alive. The word of God is like a hammer. The word of God is sharper than a two-edged sword. It can go deep into people's hearts. So we trust God's word. Right? Because it's the gospel. How many of you have become believers? Even those online, you can share your thoughts. How many of you have become believers just because somebody shared the gospel with you? Two minutes, five minutes they shared the gospel. Something happened and then over time you became believers. How many of you are there that way? Somebody shared the gospel. So many of them. Me too. Even though I was born and brought up in a Christian family, I didn't understand so many things. Okay, go to church, come. But when somebody shared, hey, you know what Jesus can do for you? This is what he did for you on the cross. He can wash your sins. He can make you a new person. You don't have to live in shame. You don't have to live in guilt, in condemnation. You don't have to live in sin. Everything will change.  Because that's the power of God. Right? God has chosen the foolish method of preaching the gospel to save people. Can you believe that? Why doesn't the Lord Jesus come and say, okay, I'll stand here. Everyone look at me and then you become believers. Did Jesus do that? No. But can he do that? If he wants to, he can do that. But God didn't choose that. God has chosen you and me to be part of his kingdom. You and I to share the gospel. We need to communicate it so people will get to know. You understand what I'm saying? We have to communicate the gospel. We have to preach. They will not know unless we don't preach. Okay? Okay. The message of the cross is both the power of God and the wisdom of God. Everyone say power of God. Power of God. Wisdom of God. First one, the message of the cross. That means you can be talking about the cross. Maybe it's a friend. For example, you're talking to your friend. Your friend is saying, you know, I don't want to. I'm going through depression.  Now you're sharing the gospel.  I know that you, you know, going through so much trouble. Let me tell you what Jesus did for you on the cross. When Jesus was on the cross, He took up all us and He took all his, all the suffering that he went. He took it up for us. Now, what are we doing? We're sharing the message of the cross and what is the outflow of the message? It is the one, power of God. Two, look at your books. Don't look at my face. What's the first one? Power of God and? Wisdom of God. You'll have breakfast. You'll have breakfast. Come on. The online students should hear you. First one. Power of God. Wisdom of God. That's what the gospel is. The power of God and the wisdom of God. So you're sharing.  That's all important. But the message of the cross is the power of God. When you share the power of God is released from your mouth. The message itself is powerful. You don't have to add any masala to it. You don't have to add anything extra. Do we? Do we have to add anything to what Jesus did? No. All we need to do is share the message. It's the power of God and to it's the wisdom of God. How will God do? How will God minister to people? He's got his, he's got his way. That is God's wisdom. God has decided it that way. God will speak to people. The Holy Spirit will speak to people and their lives will be touched because of the gospel. Right. So I want to encourage each one of us, you know, initially I used to think, okay, I will share my testimony. Then I will share somebody else's testimony and then I will share about, you know, all the other things that God can do. All the miracles God can do. Right. He parted the season to two. Then God had made dry bones become as flesh. Then he can do all these wonderful miracles. I'll talk about all of that. Then I'll talk about how Jesus did some great miracles and then slowly I'll tell them, okay, if you believe God will, God loves you. God cares for you. I used to think we have to do it that way. But I realized that the moment I'm sharing the gospel, it is the power of God. It is more powerful than any testimony. It is more powerful than any miracle. It is more powerful than any other work or any other words that you can speak. Now, here's the question I want to ask each one of you. You can ask yourself, do you believe that the gospel is powerful? Right. Now I can believe this room is empty. What we believe is what we will do. Our convictions will make us who we are. Right. Yes or no. If somebody comes and tells me, you know what Jesus is, it's not a real person or Jesus died on the cross, but that's it. He did not resurrect from the dead. Now, if my convictions are not strong, what will happen? I'll believe it. But if my, if I really believe in my heart, this is what is it? The Bible is saying nobody can change it. Yes or no. Right.  So maybe somebody come and say, you know, Jesus cannot heal anymore. No more healings in the church. Now, people can believe it. But what does the Bible say? I've come to heal. I've come to deliver where his Holy Spirit is. There is gift of healing. It should be there. It will be there. Nobody can stop it. But our thinking can stop it. And we think it's not going to happen. It's not going to happen. Right. So our convictions are very important. Right. Now, I want to give you this example. In church history, there was a man named Brother A. A. Allen. Right. He was a preacher. And as a young man, he wanted to see the power of God working in his ministry. Right. He used to preach about, you know, he had a church. He used to preach. But one of his, you know, one of his convictions was, I want to see the power of God. It's easy to preach, but I want to see. So God began to use him as a healing evangelist. God gave him a thought. You know, you use the gospel, the cross, the message of the cross. And after that you pray for people and people will be healed. So what he began to do was every Sunday, he would preach and towards the end, he will add the message of the cross. And then he will say, those who want healing come in front. And people would come, people would wheelchairs, people with all kinds of diseases, sicknesses. And you know what he used to do? He used to just stand and say, be healed in Jesus' name and they'll be healed. So he used to say, I didn't have to do anything. Why? Because the cross is the power of God. I've already preached the cross. I already believe in the cross. Right. And all he had to do is pray for healing. And he became in the early 1950s and 60s, he became the greatest healing evangelist. There were reports of children. There was a story where this little, this mother brought this child with 26 or 28 diseases, I think. This child with 28 diseases.  And he prayed and the child was completely healed. The child could not hear, could not see, could not speak, could not move his limbs, but God healed him. Was it about the person? Was it the pastor? No. It was the message of the cross. When you and I believe in the message of the cross, we will see everything else. Everything else, miracles, blessings, everything will follow us. Amen? Okay. So let's look at the power of the gospel. Romans chapter 1 and verse 16. Let's read that. Romans 1 and verse 16. It's in your books as well. I think you can... Romans 1, 16. For I am not ashamed of gospel of Christ. For it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes. For you first and also for the Greek. Yeah. For I am not ashamed of the gospel. Now, the Apostle Paul is saying, I'm not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God. Now, the word it goes on to say is the power of God unto salvation. What is salvation? Let's look at that word, right? Now the Greek word for the word salvation means sozo, right? And it's not one meaning. You know, you and I think it's just one meaning, right? We say, okay, I prayed, I said, Jesus come into my heart. Jesus came into my heart. Now I have received salvation.  I'll go to heaven. No, it's more than that. Sozo, the word, the Greek word has a long list of things in that word salvation. Let's look at it. It is found in the New Testament about 110 times and it's a comprehensive word. What is it? We're going to list them down. Okay. I'm going to just say, I'll say the first point and you repeat it after me. Okay. Those were online also. Let's just repeat it, right? Declare this. So all of us have received salvation. Yes. All of us have received Sozo. Yes. Okay. So what all you have received? All of you have received this. Okay. One, forgiveness of sins. Forgiveness of sin. Forgiveness of sin. One, first time. What's the first one? Forgiveness of sin. Two, healing from sickness. Healing from sickness. Three, deliverance from every work of the enemy. Deliverance from every work of the enemy. Rescue from danger. Rescue from danger. Why? Free from total harm. Free from total harm. It goes on, right? It means to be saved. Go on. Saved. Saved. Saved. Delivered. Delivered. Rescued. Preserved. Preserved. Be away from the work of the devil. Away from the work of the devil. You see this word? You see this? What is salvation? It is not just okay, I believe in Jesus. Everything is good now. I can go to heaven and live with him happily. No. It's more than that. Let's break it down now. First one. Forgiveness of sins. Forgiveness. You don't have to repeat now. Okay. The moment you believe in Jesus, your sins are forgiven. Right? Now, did Jesus give you one receipt? Your sins are forgiven. One stamp. Forgiven. Did He give you receipt? Did He tell you your sins are forgiven? But the moment you believe in Jesus, your sins are forgiven. If you go to God and say, Lord Jesus, forgive my sins, sins are forgiven. Two. Deliverance from the work of the enemy. Now the enemy will have different ways of tempting and bringing trouble on people. He can bring sickness. He can bring trouble in the mind, trouble in the body, trouble... He can throw arrows at every side upon us. But the moment we become believers, you and I are... You know, we are... We find deliverance from every work of the enemy. So what can you and I do? Say, for example, you're in trouble and you're going through a difficult season. You can say, God, because I believe in you, Lord Jesus, I know you can deliver me from this problem, from this situation that I'm going through. Because the Bible says, a thousand may fall at my side, then thousands at my right hand, nothing can hurt me. You will deliver me, Lord. You can declare these verses, right? Then what else? He rescues us from danger. He gives us total wholeness. Wholeness in the mind, wholeness in the body. Now remember this, we can be physically very strong. But if emotionally we are weak, what will happen? It will show. Let me give you this example. Remember King Saul in the Old Testament? He was a mighty man. He was the king of Israel. He was a strong man. He was built. He was in the army. But there was a problem in his mind. The enemy would torment him. He couldn't function at all. Right? So just because we are strong physically, doesn't mean we are strong mentally. But just because we are strong mentally, doesn't mean we are strong physically. But when you and I as believers, we believe in Jesus. Wholeness in the mind, wholeness in the body. Will sickness come? Yes. Will weaknesses come? Yes. But we can declare. We can declare. It is our choice. Say, oh God, I got headache. From last two days, this headache is there. It's not going headache. Then I did this medicine. I did that medicine. I put all kinds of things on my head. Nothing is happening. What is that? What is happening? What will happen? It will be there only, the headache. It is not going to go. Why? Because you're going on saying it's there. Past two days it's there. It's not going. But if you declare, hey, in Jesus' name, in Jesus' name, I command this headache. I command these pains in my body to get out of my body. Because by your stripes, I am healed. This is already there for us. If you declare it, you will receive it. If you don't declare, what will happen? It will continue. From headache, it will become back pain. From back pain, it will become leg pain. Then the whole body is paining. Oh God, what is this? Why is this happening to me? It's the choices that we have. We can either declare what God has for us or we can talk about our situation. Right? So what are we going to choose? What are we going to choose? Are you going to talk about your situation or are you going to talk about what God calls you? What God wants you to do? What God wants you to do is declare what he says here. Then he says you're saved, you're healed, delivered, victorious, rescued, preserved, victorious. Sometimes you may feel, hey, I don't feel victorious. Everything I do is a failure. If I write my exam, I'm not doing well. If I start my own work, I'm not doing well. Everything I did in my life is a failure. How am I victorious? You may feel that. How many of you feel that? Sometimes it happens, right? You feel that. Oh, everything I've done is a failure. But Jesus is saying I'm victorious. Where? I don't feel that. Now remember, salvation is not about a feeling. It's not about emotion. It's about who you are. We may have failed, but God is saying you can be victorious. What does the Bible say? When we fall down, he will lift us up. Is it good to be fallen down only? Or is it good to rise up again? It's always good to rise up again, right? Then he goes on to say, we are saved from under the devil's power and restored into wholeness and God's wholeness of God's order and well-being by the power of God's spirit. They're saved from the work of the devil. It's like the devil has trapped you, right? Now, what? When we believe in the gospel, when we receive salvation, it's like the Lord Jesus will come, remove that hand and take you from darkness into light. Let me share this story. This is a real story that happened in the early 1960s. This is about a woman, a young girl, right? Her name is Gulshan Esther. She was a Muslim by faith, right? They lived in Pakistan and when she was born, she was born with certain kinds of diseases so she could not walk, right? She could not walk. Every time there has to be somebody next to her but she was from a rich family so they had workers to help her at all. So by the time she was six years old, six or seven years old, the parents had gone to many places for prayers. Nothing happened, right? So one day she was reading the Quran in her home and she came into this portion that says, Yeshua, he healed diseases and he cleansed the lepers and he did many miracles. So she thought about it. Oh, who's this Yeshua? Who's this Jesus? Who did miracles? Who blind eyes? He opened deaf ears. He healed people. Who's this Jesus? So she was interested. So what she will do every day? She's only about nine or ten years old now. Every day she will read the Quran. Then she will come to this portion and she will pray. She'll say, Jesus, I don't know who you are but the Quran says that you healed people so now you heal me. That's all. And she'll go to sleep. Somebody will come, carry her, put her on the bed and go to sleep. This happened for two years. After two years she wanted to end her life. She said, what kind of life? Not only on the bed. What is my future? Nothing. My parents are worried.  Before ending her life, she said, Okay, I will read at least the scriptures for the last time and I'll go and end my life. So she did it. She read the Quran. Then she came to this verse. This verse, Jesus, I don't know who you are but whoever you are come and heal me. And somebody came, the workers came, took her, put her on the bed to sleep. But she was waiting for those helpers to go so that she can end her life. At that moment, she felt something in her room, right? And she felt a person is there and the Lord Jesus tells her, get up and walk. She says, I can't. No, you read about me, right? You were reading about me for two years. You read. You said, if you're Jesus, you heal people, heal me. Now I've come to heal you. Get up and walk. So she tries. Next thing she knows, she's walking. She walked and fell at Jesus's feet.   You will share the gospel. You'll be a testimony about my healing power. Right? And then there is sound in the room. The workers, everyone are coming. Parents are running. She's running inside. How is this girl who was born lame running? So she tells, no, I was praying. Jesus came and healed me. They said, don't tell anybody this. Keep quiet. She said, no, it was only Jesus. I met, I seen Him.  And, you know, we know, right? It's not easy to become a Christian in these nations. But the point is that moment, in that single moment, she was taken from place of darkness. She received healing. She received deliverance. She had received hope. She received salvation in just one moment. One moment. It would have been maybe 10 seconds done. Her life changed. Sozo means salvation. Sozo means healing. Sozo means deliverance from demonic powers. Sometimes we look at the devil and we focus on what the devil is doing. The devil is bringing trouble. The devil is bringing challenge. The devil will do 100 things. That's his response. That's his work. That's what the devil can do. But you and I as believers, we have authority over the devil. Do we have a norm? Yes or no? The moment we believe in the cross, we have authority. The devil can say, I'll make this trouble come upon you. What you can say, please don't do, please. I'll pray only one hour. Can we do that? You don't have to be afraid of the devil. The devil will say, okay, I'll bring this problem. Bring. You stand firm. You say, hey, I'm God's child. You're already defeated. You're not standing on your strength. You're standing on the cross. So Jesus is there with you. What does the Bible say? He crushed the serpent's head. He defeated the devil. Where he becomes victorious is where we allow him to win. Yes or no? When we allow the devil to, okay, you come, you cause, we open the doors. He'll come and sit. But if we close the doors, he will not come. It is our choice again. Sozo means rescue and preservation from danger. Sozo is for everyone. Now here's the important part. Salvation is received by grace through faith. Everyone say this. Salvation is received by grace by grace through faith. Grace and faith. What is grace? Grace is not coming by our own effort. I'll give you this example. In school, the passing mark for exam is 40 out of 100. 40 out of 100. Now you get 39. What will you do? You get, you got 39. It's failed. 40 is the pass mark. You're holding the answer paper. What you will do? You'll start searching everywhere. Where can I get this one mark more? But everywhere it's not there. No, 39. Failed. I don't know if you've done it, behind the teacher. Sir, one mark. One mark you give, I'll pass. I can't give you. I've already given you too much grace. Sir, one mark. If you give one mark, I'll pass. Then the teacher will say, okay, let me see. There's nothing here I can give you one mark, but I'll give you just so that you pass. And then he'll write plus one and make it 40. But it's happened to us. Sometimes it's 38. Or two marks. Sir. Ma'am, please, two marks. Just two marks. Next time I'll do well. The teacher will give you that grace marks. Do you deserve that grace marks? No. Actually, you deserve minus marks. The teacher has given you grace marks. Okay, take two, two marks for you. Just so that you don't fail. Now Jesus died on the cross. When we come to Jesus, don't come saying one mark, two mark and all. Jesus is saying, I'm giving you all of this. I'm willing to give you 100 on 100. There's grace. Grace is free. I've given it. You don't deserve it. But I've given it to you. So we come to the cross. We have the grace of God. But we must also have faith in Him. Grace is there. But we must have faith. What is faith? What is faith? Hebrews 11. Read. One of you can read. Hebrews 11. Faith is a substance of things hoped for. Evidence of things not seen. How many of you have seen Jesus on the cross dying? You've seen pictures. How many of you have seen Jesus? I saw Apostle John. Only John and Mary and the Roman soldiers were there. Faith is a substance of things hoped for. Evidence of things not seen. Now I've not seen Jesus. Face to face I've not seen. But I'm willing to give my life to Jesus. Why? Faith. I don't have to see to believe. So that's what faith is. Faith is a substance of things hoped for. When I die how do I know I'll go to heaven? I have the hope. I have the assurance. I have the faith. That's the word of God says. You understand that? So you come to the cross by grace say God. All the gifts, all the talents, all the things that you've done for me, all the things I'm doing for ministry, I will put that aside. I will come empty into your presence. That is called grace. And when we have faith that he is there to answer our prayers. That is called salvation. Salvation is received by grace through it. Right? So while presenting the gospel we may have to present spontaneous meaning immediately we may have to present the gospel. There will be times when we have to minister the full gospel. We have to be very accurate. Sometimes you have to just pinpoint be very quick in sharing the gospel. But here are a few things that we must cover while presenting the gospel message. First one, the existence of God. There is a God. If there are people, your friends may say there is no God. We have to explain to them hey, there is a God. Two, the problem of sin and its consequences. Now any religion in this world, whether it's Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism whatever religion they believe in sin. There's no religion that doesn't believe in sin. So every religion has sin. So you can talk about sin and the consequences. Then how is sin dealt with? In other religions, they go to a certain place, they do certain things and they believe that okay, God will bring, God will forgive them. But we can say we can talk about Jesus how he's our saviour, he's our healer, he's our deliverer. Invite them to believe in this gospel. Now you're not forcing them, not holding them in the collar and saying, do you believe? No, you're believing in Jesus. No. Give them the opportunity. It is their faith. It is God's grace, it is their faith. You cannot force them. Ask them so sometimes they may not know how to pray because they are new. They need help. So you can tell them, you can pray Lord, forgive my sins. Lord Jesus, forgive me. Thank you that you will forgive my sins. You have washed me and I believe in the cross and I trust that you will live inside my heart. Simple prayer. Two-minute prayer can change their lives. Then you can pray to ask them to respond to the Lord Jesus and pray for the gifts of the Holy Spirit. So the gifts of the Holy Spirit, you can take time. But eventually the first thing is that salvation that they may come to know Jesus. That is the number one priority. Page 11. We have two minutes. Quickly we will do this. Page 11. So we see there are different kinds of sharing the gospel. Poor spiritual laws. Every man is a sinner. Sin has its consequences. God's love and Christ's provision. And then when you believe you will be saved. Simple laws on how to share the gospel. Then you can talk from the creation. How God created the world and how till Christ Jesus, what Jesus did on the cross. You're talking about that. Then you have two-minute testimony. Your salvation experience. So before I believed in Jesus, I used to do all these things. I used to live in sin. But now after believing in Jesus, I find freedom and I am able to live a holy life. You're giving your testimony. How things were and how things have changed after you believed in Jesus. Then also experience of divine need. So sometimes, you know, there are people who need healing, financial need, material need, praying for people. And then you can say, hey, you know what, when I was praying for my parents or I was praying for my family members, they had this sickness. God was able to heal them. Why don't you pray? Why don't you ask the Lord Jesus to heal and he can do it for you? So you're using a testimony. You're bringing in experience and you're bringing the gospel. So there are many different ways. Now as you're sharing the gospel, don't think, okay, is this the four laws? Is this the six laws? Is this the, you know, whatever two-minute testimony? Don't think about all that. You can mix it up. But make sure the message is the cross of Jesus Christ. Amen? Amen. All right. So we'll continue from next class. Thank you everyone. Thank you to those who are online as well. God bless you. Thank you, sir.


So that night me and Afrika Islam went in the studio and we made colors and what I did was I rapped from a I spoke from this perspective of a gang member And I I know this Growing up with gang members, you know, I'm everything but a gang member But I know exactly that the science the philosophy how they see things But during the time when you made that song colors because that's when I really started to know about gangs I'm being so honest with you I did not know nothing by no gang still that song and that movie came on and we fought right after that in Houston, Texas We whooped somebody right after that and I haven't even watched that movie I'm telling you that song Well, see before we do that this would happen with colors colors is a movie about LA gangs It wasn't factual because in the movie the Mexicans in the blacks fought Correct skins and blacks have never fought. Okay, there's never been a Mexican black gang war There's been drug situations with the Mexicans in the blacks, but actual War between a different, you know Compton Crips fighting no because that would that would be that would be the end of LA If that happened why the black now in prison they're separated Oh for sure in prison and the Mexicans are separated you had the border brothers You got south and northern or ten years you got that but on the streets Mexican black people kind of live together We low ride together. We we all it's all like blacks and Puerto Ricans You want to start a war start blacks and the Puerto Ricans fighting in New York, that would be crazy. That'd be a bloodbath. Yes, so The movie was gonna get made and they were like, yo, you know, we could Shoot it in Chicago Cuz and they were like we'll shoot it in LA. They're like their gangs in LA that year 387 kids had died in gang homicide. It just wasn't in the news Wow, it just was not in the news. So when they did colors, they created a fake narrative And they wanted to use my song squeeze the trigger From from Ryan paid was it true that Rick James had a verse that he was he was a virgin He was trying to put on everywhere I go. So so I couldn't see it But somebody told me I'm I can't see it, but it's wet James rest in peace is dope. That was not the right place for Rick James. So what happens is they wanted to use the song Follow me. Yes, I got and I know that I know that if they want to use your song in a movie You can ask to see the movie If they ever want to play some record, you can say can I see can I see the movie you can play the game? Like, I don't know, you know Of course, I don't let them use my phone, but I got to see the movie. So when I saw the movie, I was like Do you got a title song? And they go, yeah, well, Rick James did it. I'm like, come on, man So that night me and Africa is I'm winning the studio and we made colors and what I did was I rapped from a I Spoke from this perspective of a gang member And I I know this growing up with gang members, you know I'm everything but a gang member, but I know exactly that the science the philosophy how they see things and Yeah, I wrote the song I turned the song in and they went crazy How long did it take you to write to write that one day when the song the song is so dope that people think I was in the movie What you better know it. I was if that song wouldn't have been there I don't know On that movie I'm telling you that movie would not have been the same at all But did it help that you actually saw the movie before you actually wrote the song?  You know, you were saying that colors poor two colors. You don't know me fool You just own me cool. I don't need your assistance social persistence any problem. I got I just stick my fist My life is violent but violent is life pieces of dream reality is a knife My colors my honor my colors my all my colors upon me one soldier stands tall Tell me what have you left me? What have I got last night in cold blood my young brother got shot My homeboy got jack my mother's on crack my sister can't work cause her arm shows tracks Madness insanity living profanity then some punk claiming you're understanding me Give me a break. What world do you live in death is my set?  I'm no remorse. So squares beware But my true mission is just revenge. You ain't my set.  You'll say to stop but I'll say that I can't My gang's my family. They're all that I have. I'm a star on the walls my autograph You don't like it. So, you know where you can go because the streets on my stage terrors my show Psychoanalyzed try diagnosed me why it wasn't your brother to brutally die, but it was mine So let me define my territory.  Well, why don't we just stop all wars wars are wars? wars are wars so It was a way of just saying that This is the psychology of the gangbanger, but it's it's not Any different than any police game or any war. Wow. It's To be honest with you. That's what I love about the way how he raps Because that because I was never a person who listened to rap as much because Whether I couldn't understand it or it was too fast But the way in which how you rap is like you can hang on to each and every word and get it It was very poetic, but it's also influential very well chuck says I don't rhyme chuck d says I don't rhyme for the sake of riddling. You know, I'm not wasting words


So the next award, the Carol and Travis Jenkins award has been presented each year since 2005 to a person who either used to or currently uses drugs and has made an outstanding contribution to reducing drug related harm. The award is named after Travis Jenkins, an extraordinary jazz musician and a composer who died of cancer in 2004 and his wife Carol who worked for many years in Papua New Guinea. The Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research as a medical anthropologist was an expert renowned for her research in sexual behavior and HIV. So this year I'm absolutely delighted to present the Carol and Travis Jenkins award to Dianne Lloyd. Dianne is a fierce advocate for her community, loudly and fearlessly sharing her experiences and working tirelessly for the rights of people living with HIV, specifically people who inject drugs, as an advocate mentor and reducing stigma and discrimination faced by the community. Dianne has been working tirelessly at state, national and international level, including as a volunteer for the past 35 years. It was absolutely incredible to receive this nomination. Dianne helped to establish the positive organization Western Australia working within her state and represents the needs of women living with HIV in Australia with the national network of women living with HIV. Dianne was involved in developing the National Day for Women Living with HIV which just celebrated its seventh year and is extended to include women's health issues, regular pap smears and breast mammograms. Dianne's energy for supporting and advocating for her community is remarkable and her achievement list is very long. Her openness about her HIV status and willingness to take part in the campaign as a woman living with HIV makes her a target for much stigma and discrimination but also a beacon of hope for her community and especially for women. Congratulations Dianne. Thank you. I have to say it's quite heavy. Okay. Thank you very much to Harm Reduction International for selecting me as the recipient of this award. It means a lot to me. I would like to thank my manager Kevin, who I can't see because it's just black out there at the moment. And our previous CEO, Angela Corey, for nominating me in addition to NAPA, the National Association of People with HIV, and WAC for their support with the nomination. I'm very proud and humbled to be the first Australian recipient of the Caroline Travels Jenkins Award and female at that. Who would have thought that a woman living with HIV was a long history of injecting drug use could win an international award? We are normally spoken about in the negative and treat with stigma and discrimination. In 1986, I was first diagnosed with HIV after sharing fits of otherwise known as syringes. Not that it really matters how I contracted HIV, but in Australia we are very lucky that our government supported needle and syringe programs at that time and although it's a little bit late for me but it certainly saved a lot of lives. As a result, less than 2% of people who inject drugs in Australia are living with HIV. Now that we have treatment as prevention, including PEP and PEP and undetectable viral loads, we have really come a long way. However, I look at my peers around the world and see that we still have a long way to go. I tell you what, Australia really is the lucky country. Women who inject drugs face a high level of stigma and discrimination and even more so when they are living with HIV. I realised this very quickly after my diagnosis in addition to the lack of support for women with HIV, it was like that we were invisible. So that's why it became a voice very early in the piece. This is when my work started over three decades ago, volunteering with WA's council in the mobile NSP band and making up safer sex packs. That's how it all started for me. Since then I've worked with peer-based time reduction for the last 14 years and lived with HIV until there was a cure and I did that very early in the piece and very much an advocate at work for getting our consumers on to treatment.  My work, I just want to add something there about having breast cancer, which was only about a year and a half ago, again instill the discrimination for people that use drugs. Here I am facing breast cancer and having breast off and it went into my lymph nodes as well, hence wearing this.  I actually had to get our nurse practitioner from work to come and be an advocate for me because they wouldn't come to the house because I was a non-drug user because I'm on farm therapy. So this is still now, you know, it's still happening.   My work, which allows me to marry my two passions, to work in home reduction organisation for people who inject drugs and to be an advocate for the HIV community and especially for women with HIV. While women are somewhat more visible three decades on and there is more support for women living with HIV, that does not mean that the work is done. It means I'm still going to be around and working for a few more years yet. My recent experience, you're not getting rid of me that easy. My recent experience of going through breast cancer treatment as a woman who injects drugs and with HIV and who is on suboxone showed me that the women's needs are changing as we age and access health services. So there's still a lot more work to do. It's been my passion all these years to speak up and support people with HIV and for the rights of those who inject drugs. On my way over here to Melbourne, I'm from Perth. I watched the Whitney Houston movie and her song, I Didn't Know My Own Strength. And it really moved me. And that's your fact I had, I was crying. I was like, I had a mask on so you couldn't see it too much. When I think about the last three decades and winning this award it made me realise I don't know my own strengths. And people who use drugs have a voice and we can really make a difference. Finally, I would like to take a moment to acknowledge Carol and Travis Jenkins who both lost their lives to cancer. And I'm very grateful for them and the work that they did in HIV and not at least this award. So thank you. Before we go and try to final awards for the evening and then crack out a drink in the exhibition area, it's worth pausing. For the first time, my eyes have adjusted to the spotlight and I can see our conference directors, Maddie O'Hare and Lucy O'Hare in the corner over there. I'd like to thank them. The team at HRI, could you stand up? The team at HRI? Like, we had four years to get it right but it's still a bit of a drag. So...


headline news update welcome folks we have the now industrial straight up by 545 nasaq is up 123 s&p's are up 55 bottom line a little bounce going there folks and if you do this take a look at the we'll go to the queues well let's go to the spy first let's go to the queues first you take a look at the queues the queues had price projection of down there 352 we got to 354 bottom line you're gonna get a bounce out of here you're coming into your so the benchmark that by that we were looking at the high of that bars 355 the bottom's 352 it's 64 million she has traded you're doing 43 million so what's going to happen here is I suspect we're going to do a 53 million bottom line that's the first leg down you come into that you're going to reject the top of that bar you're going to have light of all I am that says we can bounce again I suspect you know we'll see whether the queues can bounce up to somewhere like 369 25 we take a look at the s&p's if you take the spy up you're gonna see the same situation the spy spy got down on a price point that have 427 rejected lower price you're at 435 you go the bar you're going to the same benchmark that we're talking about the top of that benchmark was 431 the bottom is 421 we did 427 you're gonna get rejection of our 431 you're gonna have lighter volume we did 147 million there and you have 89 now that's gonna that's saying that we're gonna do probably about 110 120 and and for the folks that you do have the out of time in the trade you're gonna see here this is really cool how this came down because what we had is this and I've talked about this many times when you come down into a swing and the volume comes out before the swing the markets tight and that's exactly what we had yesterday you come down with 140 million today you only get 89 and you're going into 147 so bottom line we'll get a little tradable bounce out here gold gold market wants higher price gold school sideways out here today it's only up a buck 80 bottom line you had wide price spread yesterday and accelerated volume you broke the downtrend you're 15 1728 gold wants to now run up to this 1836 area we get into the bond market we take a look at bonds you have at the tenure right now you're 17 ticks this also made a bottom bottom line you're going up we'll see where this can go now the tenure what's gonna be really cool about this is that the tenure would you get a watch like a hawk okay is going to be where is she there is the 133 25 stay right there folks come right back


studying London. Here's how you can analyse this poem. In terms of structure this poem is written in four stanzas which are quaterines. The repetition of the word chartered which means controlled shows how the speaker believes everything in London was really restrictive. The repetition of the word marks as well as the caesura after weakness emphasises how miserable everyone in London was. The repetition of the onomatopoeia cry hair illustrates just how restrictive and difficult life in London was. Remember that William Blake was really critical of the industrial revolution and how it restricted workers. The alliteration of mind forged manacles is powerful. Manacles means chains and it's showing that people's minds were also in chains. The reference to the church and the palace shows that William Blake was criticizing the church and the monarchy who he saw as corrupt. Pathetic fallacy is used to create a dark hopeless feeling here. Youthful harlot means young prostitute and we can see in London her innocence was stolen. The oxymoron here illustrates that any promise of new life is destroyed in London.


Thank you very much for that. I don't think I've ever been chanted on the stage before. That's a new one. Cool. So I'm here to talk about making a lot of things. I'm just going to get rid of my cursor for a sec. But before I start, I just wanted to say a bit of a thank you. So firstly, to everyone for being here. So I think I personally get a lot out of the tech community. And just having a kind of space where we're all together and being friendly and supportive of one another is a really kind of powerful thing. And so thank you, everyone, for being here. And a particularly massive thank you to Colgram for putting this together. It takes so much to get everyone here and having such a good time and so much behind the scenes. So I think I'd just like to give a round of applause to Colgram. So yeah. So yeah, I'm Ben. I'm a developer. I'm currently trying to rebrand as an adventurer. I'm based in Oxford in the United Kingdom. You might know me if you've been at this conference before, because in 2014, I was at FutureJS, where I got this pretty cool t-shirt. And this is a conference before full stack. And I was lucky enough to get invited back the next year. So I spoke at 2015 as well. In 2016, I wasn't invited back. But I came anyway. And I snuck on change and did a microtalk. And then in 2017, we're here right now, which is kind of cool. I've decided that I'm going to come again next year, but I'm going to definitely attend. It's really stressful putting together a talk when I should be enjoying other people's. So usually when I'm talking, I have in the past given quite a few live demos. But I was thinking today, I didn't want to do that. I wanted to give something useful that you might be able to take home with you and hopefully make a difference. However, if it was a live demo talk, this is what I would have talked about. This is a project that I've been working on recently, which is a set of fairy lights, which are connected together to a web browser. And you've got a 3JS thing that you can basically play with fairy lights. And it is the coolest thing ever. But we're not going to do that today. So I just thought I'd show you that. Today, I'm going to talk about two different things. I'm going to talk about exploratory coding, how we can change the way that we code to be more exploratory and discovery-like. And then I'm going to talk about micro hacks, which I'll explain what they are in a little bit. So let's get started. When we're exploring, it's really hard to do this without constraints. So when you're in a new place, it's really hard to know which direction to go without having a plan or a constraint. And I think the person who describes this most eloquently is someone called Igor Sravinsky, who's a Russian-born composer from the early 20th century. And he wrote this. My freedom thus consists in my moving about with a narrow frame that I have assigned myself for each one of my undertakings. I should go in further. My freedom will be so much the greater and more meaningful, the more narrowly I limit my field of action and the more I surround myself with obstacles. Whatever diminishes constraint, diminishes strength. The more constraints one imposes, the more one frees oneself of the claims that shackle the spirit. And I think this is a really beautiful piece of text. And even more beautiful is the idea behind this, this idea that if we constrain ourselves, then we can be more creative within that smaller space. And I think Sravinsky wrote this about writing music, but it's equally relevant to the way that we write code and the way that we develop projects. And I think, to me, this kind of collapses down into this idea that constraint breeds creativity. The more we can constrain ourselves, the more creative we can be within those. And when it comes to coding, we sometimes lack this constraint. So this is quite a small hack that I put together. And you can see that it's just a single page, but I've got HTML, I've got CSS, I've got a polyfill, and then I've got some boilerplate code. And only at this bottom part where I've highlighted it is where I've actually been creative, where I've actually kind of done something interesting. And yet I've got to have all this extra bump around my code. And with more complex projects, this can be even more of a problem because we've got so many more dependencies that we need to understand how they work and how they interact with our code before we can actually kind of get down to changing something. And I think something that has kind of evolved over time is this idea of having a live sandbox where we kind of hide the user from all that complexity and just give them a simple field that they can enter text into and it will be live evaluated. And this is a really kind of interesting way of getting around these problems. And each of these sandboxes have two properties which is one is constraint. So in that box, you're typing in a component. And the other thing is this idea of exploration. As you're typing text, the output is live updating. And this provides a really interesting feedback loop which allows you to explore rather than just to blindly code. And I've been really interested in these concepts recently and it's led me to create this kind of experimental coding environment called Code.js. And I'll go through it in a lot more detail in a bit, but you've got several cells of code and you can kind of like explore ideas through it and I've been playing around with it a bit. This is slightly based partly on a project called D3 Express which is in private beta at the moment and it looks fantastic. It's got some really great ideas and it's kind of geared towards visualization and exploring data and exploring how we represent it. Mike Bostock who wrote D3 and is working on D3 Express now has written this blog post describing what D3 Express will allow us to do and I highly recommend reading it if you've got a spare 20 minutes. It's this really kind of like different approaches to how we approach coding. And from a development point of view, I kind of think of this as a change of mindset to when we're writing code, rather than writing a module which represents functionality, we're writing a module that represents content. So we can, as we play around with that, we're playing with the content as it flows through an application rather than implementing a feature that will be reused again and again. Right, so we're going to look at Code.js and see a few features of that, partly because it's got this experimental aspect which is kind of interesting and secondly because from a technical viewpoint, it's got some really interesting challenges and I thought I would share them with you. So, the first idea behind Code.js is this idea of a unit of computation, like a bit of script. And I've embedded it here, but basically this is what it looks like. So you've got some code on the left and on the right it's live evaluated. So as I add more, I can't really see here, as I change this, then the output changes as well. And that can be text or it can be, this is working, that can be text or it can be numbers or anything we want. We can, these cells can contain more complex patterns. So this outputs a maze-like structure and we've still got this same thing that we can play around with these numbers, see how it looks, and just get a feel for the code in a kind of different way. As well as the outputting text, we can also output HTML divs or any kind of, yeah, any HTML element, and that will just be rendered to that iframe over there. And we still got that exploratory purpose to it. So essentially what this is, is a text area followed by an iframe on the right. And the challenge that we're having to overcome here is taking that text, bundling it up, processing it, shoving it in that iframe, which is actually quite an interesting challenge. So the first part of this is, does our text box even contain JavaScript? So we had to talk about this yesterday, which is great, and what it means for text to be JavaScript is that we can take out, we can split it into tokens, we can take those tokens and generate an abstract syntax tree, or AST out of it. So we can take a text area and we can do this exact thing. So if I do hello world, we can see that we can pull out those tokens, but we're unable to make that parse tree out of those tokens. So this isn't valid JavaScript. Whereas if we put a plus in the middle, then we're able to construct that tree and we know that that text area contains something that we might want to plunk in somewhere else. So we can kind of run that test at the very beginning. The second challenge is how do we capture the output? So when we're typing in something like this, we would expect the output to be 42, we'd expect to be X plus Y, but because we don't have like an implicit return in JavaScript, it makes us a bit challenging. So one way around doing this is again to generate a abstract syntax tree. Here it is as a graph. And we can highlight any nodes in this graph that are evaluatable, that might provide a value. And then we can modify our syntax tree to generate functions that wrap those up, which will allow us to pull out those values at runtime. So here's that. We can just, as we change this, we've got this wrapped function at the bottom. Although this is one in every line, it's actually pulling out, it's using the syntax rather than the lines. And something interesting is we're actually maintaining white space here as well. This is using a tool called recast, which maintains the white space when it's generating the code from the AST. Then, with just this code, we can just wrap that up in some HTML, generate a blob, make a URL for that, and shove the iframe at it. And that will just basically evaluate our code. And we're done. We're just kind of cool. So that process is taking input, processing it, evaluating it, and showing the evaluation back to the user. And what's really cool about this is it works for any language, right? Like so it doesn't just have to be JavaScript, it could be CSS, it could be shaders, it could be English, you know? Like you could be generating any information about that if you wanted. And by showing it back to the user, you've created this loop, which allows the user to explore what they're typing rather than statically analyzing it and being taken out of their flow. So if you're creating any kind of like plugin or any kind of tool at all, if you can allow your users to explore it, you can allow them to learn it in a very different and deeper way. Right, so we've talked about having a single unit of JavaScript, but something that cool.js can handle is multiple units. So you might have a first one that defines a constant name, and then the next one might use that constant to output some more text. And what we've got here is we've still got this exploratory thing happening. So we can change that text field at the bottom, but we can also change this top one. And the values propagate through the cells and our re-output. So we're able to explore within the context of what a single cell is doing and see that live propagating through the other cells. This is another really interesting problem. And the way we can get around that is this is to take our cells. We've got an abstract syntax tree for each one. We can use that to pull out all the variable declarations. Then we can analyze it more to pull out all the uses of variables throughout the cells. And then we can just connect those up, which kind of works pretty well. And then finally, we can simplify this graph to the cell level. And we've created this kind of dependency graph just by analyzing those ASTs. And we can use this to kind of like lazily evaluate our code. So I said no demos, but you know how it is. So for instance, these ones here, oh, this is probably the wrong one. You can see that as I'm changing this pattern, it's live randomly updating that maze in the bottom. Whereas if I change this maze, it doesn't update that pattern at all. So it's like it's maintaining the state and not reevaluating it the other way around, which is kind of useful and allows you to explore each cell independently. Right, and I think the thing that's interesting here is like code doesn't have to be text files. Like we're really used to opening up a text editor and kind of making like writing modules and importing them, but we can actually architect things in a different way. And I think this is gonna be particularly interesting as tools like VR and AR become more prevalent and we're gonna have to have new ways of interacting with our code. Right, so the final thing about Code.js that I wanna discover was the idea of bringing lots of people, like sharing, editing with other people as well. So when we're writing code collaboratively, there's basically two ways that we do this. So first one is this live collaborative Google Docs operational transform kind of way. And where you can invite people to edit the same code as you're writing, which is really interesting. But it has some issues with you don't want to open up that to everyone else. So the other alternative is to allow people to fork your code or remix it, which is another really powerful thing and allows your upstream code to be safer from downstream changes. With Code.js, there's something really interesting, which is we're able to, by restructuring the way that we think about code, we're able to restructure the way that we think about collaborating code. So Code.js can sit somewhere in the middle. And the way it does that is we can take our updates from ourselves individually and propagate them downstream. So on the right, we've got this fork and on the left, we've got a source. And as we change things, they'll flow this way. But on the fork, as that gets edited, we can block those changes so that that fork doesn't receive those updates anymore. And this has got some interesting properties. So here, we have got a source here. We can create a fork over here. And this fork will get updates. So hello, Ben. And that will update across to the downstream fork. But what's interesting is here, we can make local changes to that one cell. And now, any changes that come from the source won't update that cell, because it's overwritten. So when we change this, we're actually creating a new kind of data graph on the second fork of this, which is independent to that user, but using those same upstream changes from the source. And where this gets kind of even more interesting is that these forks can be hierarchical. So we can have a third fork, which receives the same updates. So it's got named Ben, and it's receiving those text changes down. But we can actually change this to being something else, which is split. So if we were to do that, make it trendy. So now, when we change our upstream fork, it's able to propagate to these two different users who have changed their forks in completely different ways, but they're still collaborating in this dynamic fork way. And this has been kind of interesting to play about with. And I think there's some really good potential stuff in there. And I think what this has made me think about is that I think there's gonna be, in the future, there's new ways of coding together. Like just now, stuff like Glitch is revolutionizing how people can take and remix code and share amongst each other. But I think down the line next few years, that's only gonna improve more and more, and we're gonna be seeing new ways of writing code with other people. Right, so that's me done on explorative coding. So that's what Code.js is, and that's how we can kind of change the way that we allow users to kind of interact with the code that we're writing, rather than it being a kind of static bit of text. What I wanted to talk about now is micro hacks. So micro hacks are something that I've been kind of getting quite a lot of use from recently. And it's like, I think, basically, why is this like a small hack, right? But it's not like regular work, because hacks are liberating in this way that we don't have to kind of adhere to code standards. We don't have to kind of be massively scalable or anything like that. We can just like play around. So it's not really like regular work. Also, micro hack isn't really like a big hack, like going to Hackday for a weekend. It's something a bit smaller. It's something we can kind of constrain and be creative within. And yeah, over the last couple of years, I've done quite a few of these small hacks. So up at the top, we've got this thing which I was exploring how dithering works, and took a couple of hours and it was like really, really fun. And then down the bottom, we've got these renders that I was working on. And they're all these kind of like, they're all kind of terrible code, but really worthwhile to do. On the top right here, we've got this one which me and a friend were doing Google Cardboard hacks and so we did this series of hacks over the month of October. And so as well as doing like single one-off hacks, I think there's something really interesting about doing a series of hacks and expanding on an idea. So down the bottom right here, I was teaching myself WebGL through a series of hacks every couple of days. And I went from having that simple hack on number one to like doing some WebVR that I'd hand coded from scratch, which felt really good. And I think the benefits of this is really fun, right? Like it's really kind of good fun to create something and to kind of see something that you've made be live. It's also really cool for how you understand libraries and APIs. Like I'm a very kind of practical coder, I think. And I understand something from reading docs, but I really understand something if I'm coding with it. You know, like if I'm kind of messing around and playing with it. And it's really good for exploring ideas. Like so with those cardboardtober hacks, every hack kind of took me a step forward to a bigger idea. And it seemed like a really powerful tool for doing that. And the other thing that's quite nice about concentrating on like as making hacks as small as possible is that they can lead on to bigger things, right? So you don't need to be making something huge. You can just make the start of something huge and keep it small as you want. So this is an example of one of those. This is a project that I worked on. It's got a video. Hi, this is me. But it's also got this line going across so it kind of feels like a flatbed scanner. And it's kind of weird, like so this is, yeah, doesn't make you look very pretty or anything like that. But it's like an interesting, like, so this took about like 20 minutes to kind of throw together, but it really allowed me to explore the idea of having a flatbed scanner video stream like this. And what's quite nice about this is it led on to other things. So this is some work that my brothers did. Where we had eight flatbed scanners and people could go and interact with those and we would capture the scans across the room and project it back to them. And it turned into this really nice way of kind of publishing images. And it kind of started off from these like tiny micro explorations and we did like three or four of them before we kind of got on with this. We did this other thing which I wasn't so much involved in where we attached lenses to scanners, to flatbed scanners and made this like really rudimentary camera which would take these really kind of creepy pictures in a really nice way. And it would take like about two minutes to take one of those pictures. And we ended up getting all these inputs from people visiting the gallery and it turned into something really interesting. So that's I think the power of making like small constraints as small as possible hacks there. And what I just wanted to kind of go across quickly was the idea how we can approach making things like this. So I think this is the timeline for a hack or kind of any project, if you're honest, I'm honest. So first of all, you got an idea and then once you kind of come up with that idea, you've got this kind of planning time where you like think about it and think about how you might approach it and then you actually kind of get down and start the coding process. And then after a while, you've finished it and you're done. It's like pretty obvious actually, now that I show it. I'm gonna go across each of these parts and kind of say how we can kind of constrain and improve them. So first of all, the initial idea, right? So how do we kind of come up with the concept of what we want to build and hack upon? I think the best way of approaching this is to chill out and talk to people about what interests you, like kind of, this is all driven by passion. And if you can kind of be passionate and be friendly, then that's when the ideas will come. I think, so James Victoria is a designer, teacher based in New York. And I think he says this really, really clearly, which is there's a reason why so many seminal works of art start off in the back of a beer napkin. It's because they're in a bar, you know, like so we don't have our ideas when we're like sat at a desk waiting for them. We have our ideas when we're chilling out with friends and in a bar having fun and receptive to creativity. So next up we've had our idea, we've got this idea in our head and we're trying to plan it out. So something that happens quite a lot is instead of planning the thing that we're wanting to build, we plan the approach, we go too far and we kind of constrain the wrong thing. So instead of saying I want this thing that does this, you think I want this thing that users react to do this and suddenly you've constrained how you're gonna do it. So I think basically we can, if we are planning off as soon as we've got that initial idea and just kind of keep it vague, then that's all right. That kind of saves us time. Starting is a massive problem and that's because scheduling things is hard. So if you've got like a job and you think it's gonna take a week, then it's really hard to kind of find time to do that. Whereas if you try and reduce that thing that you're trying to build, it becomes a lot easier to manage to fit it in around you. So just basically try and think small and keep it as micro as possible. So if we shrink down what we perceive the coding session to be, then that's gonna make it easier to kind of fit it around our lives. So the actual coding is like, so I think I've talked about this quite a bit about the idea of being able to explore our code and be able to get instant feedback to what we're doing and be able to step towards a goal. And I think this is a kind of key part of hacking and micro hacking is just working your way towards something rather than planning it all out beforehand. Though sometimes this has got a problem that you kind of miss, right? So you've got this plan of what you want, but along the way you've kind of diverged from that plan. And I think a really nice thing because this isn't a real project that you're having to deliver is you can just pretend that's what you were trying to do anyway, right? Like so you can, if you miss your goal, just pretend you've got a new one and that works. So we've kind of gone off on our coding, end up with a different goal and then finishing. So finishing a project is really where so many of our projects kind of get left behind. And I think part of that, I think that's down to two reasons.  So for me it tends to be like pushing it up to GitHub or putting it in on Twitter or something like that. But if we define a way of being done then we're able to realize that and work towards it hopefully. The second problem that we have as well as not knowing when it is done is tinkering. So at the end of our coding phase, we go into this like this area where instead of actually working towards finishing it, we're instead trying to work towards making our code clean or making it kind of prettier. And this is really, really dangerous because we've already passed the point of being finished. So what I've started doing is just like publishing it as soon as I can. So if you kind of get to the point where it's like vaguely done and just send it out and tinker later, that works. So this is our kind of final timeline for what MicroHack is like. We have an idea because we've been chilling out. We haven't really planned that much because we don't need to. We've started and gone off in a different direction but that's totally cool. And then we've finished kind of early without fixing it up because yeah, we just don't really care, which is kind of nice. And so once you've completed that, the next step is just to do it all again, right? To start over. And what's really interesting is as you explore an idea again and again, a kind of process emerges, which is kind of interesting. And related to this, I think something that I've had challenges with is how you find inspiration and how you kind of judge yourself against others. So this is a series of hacks that I've taught myself, WebGL. So each one of these is a tiny little bit of code. And there's two interesting things about this. The first one is this first hack is just a single pink square, right? Which if I was looking at what other people are doing with WebGL isn't really that impressive. You know, like it's just two triangles. But I published it anyway. And that's because it was impressive to me. You know, like I'd never touched WebGL before. And so I kind of felt good releasing it into the world. And the other interesting thing is along each of these steps, I had no idea what the next hack would be. But as you start exploring ideas and putting small things together, you start to get more of a notion of where you can go next. And I found that process really interesting. And the absolute last thing that I kind of wanted to leave you with is that we should be proud of the things we make. I think it's like, it's really tempting to look around at what everyone else is doing and think that your own stuff isn't up to that scratch. But the other people don't matter, you know? Like, that you have created something that you've made something go from being an idea or a thought to something that is able to be shared is a huge, huge step and a thing that should be celebrated by you. And I think, so bearing that in mind, what I wanted to leave you with was that this thing here is like, it took me about like eight hours to draw this very static, small, pink rectangle. But I am like massively, massively proud to be sharing it with you today. So, yeah, that's all I've got. So thank you very much. Cheers. Thank you so much, Ben. What a fantastic way to end an amazing week. Cool. I have a question here from our audience. What other examples of Explorative Coding have you come across? Cool. Yeah, so yeah, we talked about this earlier. I think, so this is a project called Sonic Pi from Cambridge in the UK and this is a kind of audio generation program and it's really cool because you can basically like explore audio by programming and watching people using it is like a very different way of coding. So people will be like, press save and it'll kind of start a beat and it'll kind of like update and it's like, it's more coding as performance rather than coding for work. It's not like that. Very cool, very cool. Yeah, yeah, yeah, so I like that. Awesome, thank you, Ben. That's all the time we have. No worries. No, thank you very much. Amazing. Cheers.