Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says construct a parallelogram PQRS in which PQ is equal to 5 centimeters, QR is equal to 4 centimeters and angle Q is equal to 60 degrees. So we have to construct the parallelogram PQRS in which we are given the two sides and the included angle. Let's proceed with the solution. First of all let us make a rough figure for the parallelogram PQRS. This is the parallelogram PQRS in which we have PQ as 5 centimeters, QR as 4 centimeters and the angle Q included between the two sides PQ and QR as 60 degrees. So we need to now construct this parallelogram PQRS. We will do this construction step by step. We will follow some steps of construction. In the first step we draw a straight line PQ equal to 5 centimeters. This is the straight line PQ of measure 5 centimeters. In the next step at Q draw a straight line Qx making angle PQx equal to 60 degrees. So we have drawn this straight line Qx such that this angle PQx is of measure 60 degrees. Now in the next step we would locate the point R where this QR is of measure 4 centimeters. So in the next step with Q as center draw an arc with radius 4 centimeters cutting off Qx. So we have drawn this arc with Q as the center and radius equal to 4 centimeters such that this arc cuts the straight line Qx at the point R. Thus we have this QR as 4 centimeters. Now next we need to locate the point S. As we know that in a parallelogram opposite sides are equal. So this means if PQ is 5 centimeters so RS would also be 5 centimeters and if QR is 4 centimeters so PS would also be 4 centimeters. In the next step we have with P as center draw an arc with radius 4 centimeters. So we have drawn this arc with P as center and radius as 4 centimeters. In the next step we have with RS center draw an arc with radius 5 centimeters. So this green arc is the arc that we have drawn taking RS the center and radius equal to 5 centimeters. Then let the two arcs intersect at S. So this point of intersection of the two arcs is the point S. Next we join PS and RS. So we have joined PS and RS. This PS is equal to 4 centimeters and RS is equal to 5 centimeters. Thus this PQRS is the required parallelogram in which we have PQ equal to 5 centimeters, QR equal to 4 centimeters and the angle included between the two sides that is angle Q is 60 degrees. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


What's up everyone, Takedown here. Welcome back to another hockey card video. Today we're going to be opening up this box from the Wax Box Club. This costs a little over $100 Canadian shifts and there should be some really good stuff inside. It's a guaranteed auto or graded card as well as sealed pack. So we're going to open this up. I'm going to put everything out here. So the first thing is they will send you roughly what you could possibly get each. Well, in this box for example. It will give you the ratio of getting young guns or other relics and other things as well. Not everything you will get but there is a one in ten chance of a bonus graded card but you're guaranteed an auto card either way as like a bonus card. So I'm just going to move some of these packing peanuts out of the way and get right to the packs. Stack number one, stack number two. Now there's always going to be a vintage pack but for this one here it is Score Pack 1990 which I have not opened many of on the channel. Actually I'm not sure if I did open any of them. But there's 15 cards in that pack. We have 2010-11 Don Ross which I've never opened on the channel before which is cool. We have 2004 Quest for the Cup, never opened it before. 2009-10 SPX Hockey. This is not a hobby pack but again something new for the channel that I have not opened. We have a hobby pack of 2011-12 SPX and we have a hobby pack of 2019-20 which I have opened a couple of these on the channel before. But still some really cool stuff. Then over here we have a not a hobby pack. Looks like just a regular, nope it is a hobby pack of 2020-21 Series 1. We have Series 2 and then we have the extended series which I have not opened on the channel. So that's going to be cool. Then we have some Fleer which I've never opened on the channel. This is not a hobby pack. 2005 and 2006 and then we have a hobby pack for 2008-2009. So a lot of really cool stuff. Some of it which is stuff that I've never opened on the channel. So we're going to start off obviously with the 1990 pack at the vintage pack out of the way here. Let's see what we can possibly get. At least these ones aren't sticking together. They look nice. Some of the 90s packs and early 2000s tend to stick together for me whenever I'm opening them up. Darren Turcock. Scott Arnail. Kerry Wilson. Make a pile here. Paul Reinhart. Bass Bass. Van B Brock. Probably butchered it. We got a Boston Bruins Conference Champions card. Which is cool. Don't have that. We have a Seasons leader Wayne Gretzky for assists. Which is another one I don't have. A record score for Jerry Curry. And then back to the bass. Bass Bass. The rest is all going to be bass. I don't have that one. That's cool. Some of these I've picked up. Paul Coffee Speedster. I don't know why it's not focusing today. There we go. So at least there's some hits. Some ones that I don't have. And a Wayne Gretzky card. Which is always fun to get. I put these out of the way. I might as well go over to 2020, 2021, series 1, 2, and the extended series. Because that stuff I've opened up on the channel before. You guys have seen that before. So I might as well get it out of the way next. Hopefully I get one of the young guns. Young guns that I have not got when I've opened this before. Again, it's not focusing. There we go. Joe Pavelski. Alex. Nicoletti. Oh, that's cool. This is the first clear cut I have actually pulled from a pack. Yes, it is a hobby pack, but still. For Josh Morrissey. That's cool. Never pulled a clear cut before. Carlson. The rest are all base. So that's pretty cool. Got a clear cut at least. Something I've never pulled on the channel before. So that's always fun. Now we're going to do series 2. Hopefully we have the same kind of luck. Peke Rene. Recently retired. We do. We have a Markey rookie for Alex Belzley. Not familiar. The rest are all base. It looks like ones that I've already pulled. Now for the first time, we have an extended series on the channel. This is a hobby pack. And I didn't check to see what is. And this is the first time we're opening. So we're just going to get straight into it. Base, base, base. We have a rookie class. Looks like a silver script auto for Mikey Anderson. Which is really cool. I've not seen these before. So obviously it's not a real autograph. It's a printed one, but still something very unique rookie class. Not sure what those are worth. And of course the rest are all base. I want to tip it. All right, next up we should go with... I'm going to do quests for the cup next. Just because, again, another something that I've never opened up on the channel. But get something else here. Let's see. Brian Bouchure. Goalie, which I collect Goalie cards. We have Pittsburgh Penguins. Rico Fata. Quest for the Cup. Valeer Burr. We have a blue variance for Robert Lang. Quest for the Cup. And then Mike Rabiro. I don't know why it's not focusing today, but that's pretty cool. Next up we're going to do the Don Ross 2010-11. Let's see what we get in here. I like that it's a lot of stuff that I've never opened up on the channel before. So you guys haven't seen from me. Which is really cool. Joe Thornton. That's going to my PC. Mike Andre Fleury. That's also going to my PC of him. Nicholas Backstrom. Goalie PC. Ryan Smith. Martin St. Louis. Jordan Bernier. I do PC him. So that's going to his PC. There we go. So I'm not sure if there was any hits. But at least some players that I do PC. That's honestly I'm glad to get. That's really cool stuff. So now I might as well go over. I'm going to get the non-hobby pack Fleer out of the way. Which it does tell you on this paper. The odds of, let's see, 0506. There could be a rookie relic. Ovechkin, Krasby, Guislav, Keith, Perry, Carter, LeadQuest, which would be awesome. One of three packs have that. So let's see what we get. I'm not sure if I've opened up. Like if I pulled some of these cards before. But rookie. Right off the bat. Andy Roach. Rookie card. That's cool. I'll separate it from the base here. Eric Daze. Nothing, nothing. Marcel Hossa. Trent Hunter and Brandon Shanahan. So we did get a rookie. Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with the player. Nor do I know what roughly it's worth. I'm going to go to the 0809 rookie. Or sorry, Fleer, Wich. Bessard. He's the only real rookie that I would love to get that for that year. But we're going to get it here. It's harder to read the names. David Leguon, I do PC. Let's see. Camry. Gold medallion. So that's a cool one. I like that. 170 career goals, scoring kings, Mark Savard. Then we have, ooh, that's cool. Oh, kind of like a clear cut. Patrice Bergeron. EX clear cut, I guess. Not familiar. But I love the design of the card. That looks really cool. Some reason it's not focusing. So I have to keep hitting the screen while I'm recording. But it's kind of like a rainbow foil and then a clear cut on the outsides. That's really cool. For somebody that I do PC, that's a nice card. And obviously Fleer is something that I've never seen out in the wild. So getting it in a box like this is really cool. Of course, the rest are all base. And we do have Jeff Carter at the back. That's cool. Now let's get into the SPX. I'm going to start off with the 0910 because it's not a hobby pack. Get the non-hobby stuff out of the way. Alex Hemsky. Wow, because it's foil. It's hard to focus. We have Mika Kipersoff. Of course, we have a decoy. Deon Finuff. Wow. So there's at least two players that I do PC that was in that. But not the best of stuff. Hopefully we have some better luck here. We're doing the 2011-12 SPX right now. Hopefully we get something a little bit better in here. I like the design of them, honestly. I like that. That looks really cool. We have Matt Molson. Can't pronounce it. A decoy, Ryan Getzlav and Daniel Sadeen. Not really anything special. They look like they're all base. So now, what I've been saving for the 1920 SPX, sorry, the SP Authentic, which is something I was collecting. Jacob Trubba. Matthew Brazal. We have authentic moments for carry price. I would have rather than autograph. But that's still really cool. I don't get many of his cards. Sebastian Aho, Sean Monahan. So that's really cool. We did get a carry price in there. This is cool. Definitely not a team or a player that I collect, but at least it was interesting. And now we have the Waxbox Club inserts. You're always guaranteed an autograph, but it's a one in ten chance of a bonus graded card. I can guarantee there's no graded card in here. It's not thick. It's not really heavy. I'm going to open this up here and see what we get. And that is cool. I'm going to butcher the name, but it's Christian Dorvack. Unfortunately, he has been traded from the Phoenix Coyote. He's somebody that I PC'd, but now he's been traded. So I'm going to have to see. I'm not sure what this is worth. That's a really nice auto, though. I like that it's black on the back. For black diamonds, signature place cards. So that's cool. Very, very cool auto. For a little over $100, I don't necessarily know if that was worth it getting this. At least we got an autograph. We got some really cool stuff. Plays that I PC. A lot of fun. At least I didn't use my own personal money to get this. I used my YouTube earnings to get this. So at least it was safe there. It was awesome to open. It was very fun. Something new on the channel. Comment down below if you honestly want to see me open up another one. Some months are better than others. Not all the time is it going to be the same products like you've seen here. Sometimes they change it up every month. So it depends on what they have, what's available, and what you could possibly get in your outcomes. And sometimes you get a really amazing card. Like, I like this card, but sometimes you get an even better auto card or sometimes you'll get a graded card. So there's always a chance of getting something better next time, which just makes me want to possibly order another box. Comment down below what you guys think. Should I order another box or should I look at other things as well? There's a couple other subscription boxes that I'm interested in, but I will see what happens and I'll see if I do decide to go without routes or if I decide to open up another one of these. Hope you guys enjoyed. I'll see you guys in the next video. Please take care. Peace.


And on business news, the federal government has commissioned a 3.5 million cubic water capacity dam that will power at least 150,000 hectares of irrigation farmland in Oumuaro, Ireapuadu local government area of Quara State, and its pilot irrigation program for Quara South Senatorial District. The federal government had through the lower Niger River Basin Development Authority lowering commission similar dam in Maleteu-Kutabarutin local government area for similar irrigation projects in Quara North Senatorial District. Speaking at the commission in Oumuaro on Monday, Minister of Water Resources, Ingenia Suleiman Adamo, represented by the permanent secretary in the ministry, Mrs. Dee Dee Walson Jackson, encouraged the people of Oumuaro to take advantage of the potentials of the dam to boost food security and create jobs for themselves. With the commissioning of this project, the good and peace-loving people of Oumuaro community will be able to engage in year-round farming activities. Hence, the community's food production will increase while income generation will be enhanced due to increase in farm yield. This, we believe, would bring about a general positive change in the overall socioeconomic well-being of the people in the community and Nigeria as a whole. I see great progress in this combination of dams, that's the dam for water supply, and irrigation scheme, and I urge the people of Oumuaro to leverage on its potentials for social economic development, including provision of more food and to attract investors and to create more jobs. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


brainstorming is given because of the opportunity to put all their ideas down and put it out there for better communication so they can actually see what they have going on up in their minds. I think it's an excellent opportunity for them to share their ideas with myself and their partners and then we can kind of get a sense of exactly how much they actually do understand and what might need a little bit more clarification. So the way I implemented it was with their source analysis. So before I get them to actually start writing a source analysis, I provide them the sources in advance with a set of questions that they would need to answer in order to make a thorough source analysis paragraph and they use the brainstorming techniques through either a t-chart, the ABC chart, the mind map and the think-pair share to put those ideas down prior to answering those questions prior to writing the actual source analysis. They actually kind of get like two opportunities of brainstorming and preparation before actually writing. I think it approaches it in a way that helps us to understand it a bit better to help us like take more time with it than we may have otherwise and it helps us because this is such a general because globalization is such a general thing it helps us break down the smaller intricacies of it later on. By providing them the opportunity to brainstorm to get their knowledge out on paper before sending them I guess to the wolves it gives them that opportunity to focus in what they actually know and then it also will help them decide okay I don't really understand what this source is and what this theme is I think I should probably go and talk to my teacher about it or I should probably ask a friend or ask somebody who might be able to help me so I think it really zones in on those areas of strength and those areas of weakness that need to be developed a little bit more. It works because you can see like the different perspectives of everyone and it feels like a better understanding and it helps you see things you didn't necessarily see before. I think it works fairly well it just helps us give a good idea of what we're going to do to write an essay or whatever we're going to have to do with it just gives us a good idea of what we're going to do. They'll ask me do we get time to brainstorm they'll actually ask those questions so for me that tells me that they they they value that opportunity to do so prior to writing and we've kind of gotten to a point to where I don't need to direct them so much anymore like the first time it was a lot of hand-holding explaining exactly how to do it but now that we're at this point and we've practiced it enough that I can say hear the sources hear your options brainstorm I'll give you 20 minutes to do so and then 20 minutes to actually do your planning and fill it out the questions there's a difference between just giving them a mind map and saying go or just giving them a t-chart and saying go the you'd you have to demonstrate your expectation of what it would look like so that's why I've given them so many different options because everybody's going to be different and gonna feel more comfortable doing one way compared to another. I think just like having to write stuff on paper and having new research about to formulate our own opinions it really helps you think like an economist would because an economist has to take every little detail into account to make a formulated opinion on what course of action we need to take in the future so we're kind of doing like the same thing just on a much smaller scale just in the classroom. You can see the improvement when they don't do that brainstorming and planning compared to when they actually do or when you give them like a suitable amount of time to actually do those things. I think it comes down to assessment where once they actually have that source analysis written and I go in based off the rubric and finding those areas of weakness then trying to match a technique that would pull that area of weakness out that a lot of them are lacking so right now it's what is the dimension right is it economic is it social or is it political they still kind of struggle finding that and you can you can see that evidence when they actually write out the full one so again with their brainstorming I have to say to them find that dimension okay yes I know what the main idea is but what is that specific idea that links all three together


Good morning, good afternoon, good evening, depending on where you are, welcome, KubeCon. My name is Machae and I'm joined here by Ken and Janet. And we are going to give you a quick update on what SIGApps has been doing over the past year. So first of all, let's start with what SIGApps is responsible for. In short, we are responsible for deploying and operating application Kubernetes. So that means all the controllers and everything around DevOps, CI or basically running applications. If you're interested in showing your cool application core feature that you build, whether that will be a third-party controller or an external tool that we use as Kubernetes API, SIGApps is the place that you wanna present that kind of information. We are basically meeting every other Monday. Like I mentioned before, Janet, Ken and myself, we are the chairs of the SIGApps. So we are meeting every other Monday. Our next meeting will be on October 18th. The call is happening at 6 p.m. Central European time, at noon Eastern time or 9 a.m. Pacific time. We also hang out on Kubernetes Slack channel. SIGApps is the channel as you might expect. And we also maintain the email group so you can always reach out to us and we will be able to answer your questions. So we have some leadership changes. Since the last time we update, we have a new chair, Maček is our new chair. And then we have emeritus chairs at Man and Matt. Thanks, Janet. So the two new features that we're taking to GA are graduating CronJob to Staple and graduating Pot Disruption Budget to Staple. Pot Disruption Budget is kind of the eye duck in the portfolio of SIGApps, but it is important for managing intended and unintentional disruptions during work or rollouts.  It's under the batch portion of the API. So getting those two to Staple is kind of a last piece that we have to having a full GA workloads API service. And we're really happy to be able to provide that to the community. Slap. So things that we're working on, presently we're working on MacServe and DemonSense. One of the limitations in DemonSense right now is that it really tries to optimize to provide a single pod per node during rolling updates. And this can somewhat hamper the availability of administrative or infrastructural workloads that are running on the node. So what MacServe will allow you to do is to launch a new pod prior to killing the old pod. This adjustment to the rolling update strategy is still gonna be very sensitive to scarce resources.  But we found via survey that ultimately it's better to provide this to the community and to allow people to manage it than to say, okay, because of scarce resources on nodes, things like GPUs or ASICs or other things that a DemonSense might use because that is difficult to manage those. We should not touch it all. So we're moving forward with that. Minerating second and staple set is really just about polishing the workloads API service and providing the same readiness functionality that we do for the other controllers for a staple set. If you're familiar with deployments and DemonSense, they all have a Minerating seconds field that allows it to like during a rollout and during a rolling update to determine the availability of the workload itself. So random replica set downscale, that the very deterministic order in which replica sets downscale pods is kind of very sensitive to failure domains failing concurrently with upscales and downscales. So by randomly selecting pods that we terminate during a downscale, we're going to reduce the sensitivity of concurrent infrastructure failures during rolling updates and during downscales to make sure that you still get a good distribution of pods across your failure domains. And replica set pod deletion costs. So this allows you to determine which pod should be the best pod to delete during a replica set rolling update or a replica set downscale. The thought behind this is that sometimes there's an optimal pod that you would select during a downscale and there's no way really to communicate this to the controller presently. This feature will allow you to be able to do things like if there's a pod for instance that hasn't been running for very long so it hasn't been able to pull down, let's say files from a system and load it into DRAM. It would be optimal to delete that prior to one that's been running for a long time is currently serving traffic and has all of its data that it needs to serve traffic. Ready? Slap. I think I skipped one slide. Okay, going back. So within the batch area as Ken mentioned we did promote cron jobs recently to GA but still within the job board side of the batch area there are three important areas that we're trying to improve. First two are heavily related with external orchestrator, orchestrators that will allow to first of all suspend jobs that can be even useful for regular users if you know that for example, your cluster is less busy overnight you can either do it manually or have an external operator that will manage so that your job will be doing its task overnight instead of during the day time. The next improvement is about indexing jobs. So previously when jobs were being run we didn't have any ordering or indexing within the pods that are being executed. So the order was always not guaranteed with index jobs every single pod will be given will be assigned a particular index in a completion so that at the end of the time you can explicitly assign specific parts of the task for the job itself. And finally the biggest one that is basically since the initial days of jobs. So currently if a job or when a job is running it depends for calculating its status on pods that has to be on the cluster which is fine for jobs which has about five, 10 even to a hundred pods running. When your job is becoming pretty big I don't know thousands and more pods the problem is that those pods has to be present on the cluster even in completed state until the job completes because the job controller relies on the pods being present to properly calculate its status and know when it actually finishes. This improvement that is being worked on by Aldo he's changing the status calculation to allow the pods to be removed even before the job gets completed. So we're adding a special finalizer that will properly mark the pods as already accounted for and they can be safely removed by Cuba for example. So for our future plans we have a few new features coming and a few going to the next phase of release staging. The first one is TTL after finish it's planned to GA in 123. TTL after finish is for cleaning up jobs and if you have cron job that manage your jobs you don't need to worry about cleaning it up but because jobs are not long running process after it finishes you would want to clean it up easily. And then the TTL after finish feature allows you to specify a time when you want the jobs to be automatically cleaned up by Kubernetes. The second feature that's main ready seconds in step staple sets is planned to be beta in the next release. So a staple set doesn't have the main ready seconds feature right now but other controllers such as deployment and replica sets has the main ready seconds that you can specify to say I want to wait for this many seconds before I can declare that the pod is ready. So with this we can add that functionality to staple set and align it with other workload controllers. The next feature is auto remove PVCs created by staple set is coming in in the next release and a staple set by default doesn't clean up its PVCs after you delete the staple set. And that's because that's for safety reasons because you don't want your data to be removed by default. And then with this feature you can opt in to allow the storage storage to be cleaned up with the staple set when you delete it. The last one is max unavailable for a staple set. So staple set right now you can do rolling update but the default policy is to update one pod at a time. And if you want faster rollout you would want this max unavailable feature that allows you to specify the number of pods you are allowed to turn down and have a faster rollout. And this doesn't affect the original capability of doing scale up in parallel for creating more pods at the same time when you scale up the staple set. And that's all for the future plans. And let me hand over to Maciek. So there's more future future plans that we just recently started working on. So if you have been working with any of the controllers APIs before you'll probably notice that each and every single controller has its own status to say that it is ready or that it is pending or that an upgrade is going on or that it is not available yet. The problem with this approach is that when you're trying to orchestrate the controllers you always have to write your own logic per specific controller. On top of that, you cannot create any automation or it's even hard from a user perspective to figure out at which point in the process in the life cycle your controller currently is. Our goal is to change that and to have a unified set of workload statuses or at least the conditions for starters so that it doesn't matter whether you will be looking at daemon sets or a stateful set or a deployment or a job you can easily figure out at what point in the life cycle of a particular controller it is currently at. So we're hoping and this will work in both ways. It will help with a lot of automation that is built on top of the Kubernetes controllers because you can have unified conditions and you can easily figure out where we are at. And additionally, it will be very easy for newcomers when they are working with controllers for the first time to easily jump from one controller to the other and figure out where the controller is at what might be the problems that it is currently struggling with and so forth. Currently we have Kubernetes enhancements proposal in place. We are working on it. We're trying to gather as much feedback as possible around the possible statuses of the workload controllers all the conditions. We're looking at all the currently existing controllers both the apps that both Janet and Ken were talking as well as the batch. And we're trying to consolidate and figure out what will be the best approach to unify those statuses so that we can easily express the lifecycle. So we're hoping to land this sometime in the next couple of releases. This will be definitely something that will take a little bit longer because even when the enhancement will be ready probably we're planning for 124, the implementation will take time and as we are implementing those features we will be updating the enhancements based on the implementation because on one hand, yes, we will go through all controllers. We will gather all the data but then at the same time when we will be actually implementing them a lot of other edge cases will probably appear that we will have to take into account. So if you're interested in that definitely reach out to us. We want to hear from you about how we could improve the current statuses and if you're interested in helping we're open to welcome people helping us with that as well. Okay, I think that's pretty much all when it comes to SIGApps updates. As I said before, we are meeting bi-weekly on Mondays. Feel free to shoot us an email or reach out to us on Slack channel. We are more than happy to help you with your PR reviews, with issues or eventual improvements to the controllers APIs. And we're going to take your questions now.


Namaste. Welcome to yet another edition of India First Leadership Talk. Today, we have with us an exceptionally dynamic IS officer, Shri Rohit Kumar Singh, currently serving as Secretary Department of Consumer Affairs. He has worked extensively and provided leadership across ministries and departments. He has led some commendable government initiatives and policy interventions to make our lives better. Let us move on and know more about him and his accomplished work from the man himself. Very, very warm welcome, Shri Rohit Kumar Singh. Thank you. Sir, you have had an amazing journey. Please tell us something about your journey, your childhood, your schooling, various opportunities, challenges, struggle. How has it been? So my father was in a transferable job in UP state electricity board. He was an engineer. And so early childhood, we would go to schools wherever he was posted. But then I was sent to a boarding school, which is run by the J. Krishnamurti Foundation, which is located at the banks of River Ganga in Varanasi. It's called the Rajgart school. So from 6th to 10th, I was there. And then in 11th class, because that school was only till 10th. And 11th, I was in Queens College in Varanasi. And then I got selected for IIT because at that time it was permitted for students to take IIT exam after 11th class. And I was at IIT BHU for five years. Then I went to US for graduate school, completed my master's in computer engineering and a few projects for big multinationals. And then came back to India, taught a little bit at IIT BHU. We actually set up the department of computer engineering there. And then moved on to the IES. So in brief, this has been my journey. Since your father was in a transferable job and you moved on for your studies from different places and then eventually to a boarding school and subsequently to IIT BHU. How has been your journey and what kind of qualities such as adaptability, these new cultures you have learned very early in your life? So I think you are very right. The best lessons of moving from place to place is how quickly you adapt to new situations. And you also get a very varied experience of small city, bigger city, a different country. So I think that has really helped me in the IES, because if you see how Indian administrative services, one day you are in one ministry, then you are shifted to another ministry, then to a PSU. So I think that the quality to adapt quickly to the changing circumstances, that has really helped me and stood me in good stead. And it's a very important quality even today for all those students with the kind of scenario change, scenario we are into. So one very interesting question I want to ask you, you did your masters from United States at Clarkson University, New York. And 34 years back or 35 years back, probably it was a better part of the world. And you were also teaching there and I can make out that you were one of the most brilliant students with the kind of acolyte you received there. So how come you decided that you will actually leave that the better part of your staying and then move on to India, will get into the administrative services and get into public service domain? So I think there were two factors behind it. One was the family. My mother has been a very strong personality and a great influence over me. So she convinced me that I could use my experience and talent better for India and for the people of India. So I think she convinced me a great deal. And when I joined the information technology revolution was just beginning and we could see the tremendous potential. And I always wondered how information technology can be used in India across sectors because at that time there's a big difference between technology where it was in the US and where it was in India. I remember when I went from here, I had also worked for a small period for three months in Tata consultancy services. And we used computers where the input was through punching cards. So we had a set of, there was no terminal to type. And then when I went to US, I saw a different set of computers running on Unix and IBM 370. And I thought if that technology is possible to use in India, especially in public domain, how much difference will it make? So I think these two factors, one my mother's influence and the other exploring India through this technology, that was somewhere at the back of her mind. And these two factors convinced me to return back to India. You very fondly spoke about your mother and it appears that she has been one of the greatest influence in your life. So tell us a little bit more about her and would you really call her as your role model in personal and professional life? Oh, totally. She is the best role model anyone could have. In fact, all mothers are role models for their children. But I think my mother being from a background of a conventional family with a very hierarchical society, she continued her higher education, post her marriage, did her PhD when I was born and then went on to become a very accomplished academician and she was a great expert in educational psychology. So we saw her through in the family we used to see her how dexterously she would manage both the home and the profession and constantly motivating all four of us children who are now, I mean we have good careers, all of four of us and I think she is squarely responsible as being the motivating factor and she always inspired us to work hard never to be deterred by a defeat and she would always say, and then the value of small savings which I think most teachers and professors in India have this feeling. So I think many of the qualities that one should inculcate in their children the value of savings, the value of good education, the value of hard work, the value of not getting deterred by failure. I think all of this came from my mother and not only to me, all four of us siblings and I think we have learnt the great lot from her. In fact in families where women are strong and women are the anchors, I think that is where the children do the best is my personal view. It's such a commendable contribution by your mother and we definitely require stronger women for a more inclusive society to make a much better community and of course in a nation. Now let's talk a little bit about your current job profile. This ministry's, your ministry's multimedia awareness campaign, Jagu-Grahant-Jago is a very unique initiative in its own space. So to what extent do you think it has been able to meet its objectives, make all the consumers aware of their rights? As far as consumer protection, the whole ecosystem is concerned. I think the fundamental pillar is awareness and unless the consumers are aware about their rights and unless they start asking questions about why MRP is not there, why expiry date is not there on this product and why the ISI certification is not there because it is affecting my safety. So unless the consumers start asking this question the producers, the suppliers will not be forced to do it. Of course there is a legal framework, there is a law but I think because the spread is so much we have 140 crore people and lakhs and crores of businesses. So enforcement cannot work unless the client that is the consumer is aware. So Jagu-Grahant-Jago campaign has been there for quite some time and I think it has paid dividends and people are aware and they ask questions but you know recently if you have seen the flavor of trade has changed there is increasingly use of e-commerce people want the comfort of their homes people want to click a button and the supply should come to their home. So when there was a small moment pop store a corner shop and people would buy stuff from there and if something went wrong they had a personal equation with the person who was selling. So it was easy for them to get a refund or a change or the guy himself would ensure quality but with e-commerce you know this whole balance has shifted the power balance between the consumer and the seller has shifted. So we need to be more careful we need to be more aggressive in creating awareness we need to discipline the e-commerce companies more to address the grievance result. So I think awareness is very important and it has become more important with the advent and rise of e-commerce. E-commerce platforms various large, hugely large aggregators I mean let's not really name them but they have become so powerful that the entire power equilibrium between a consumer and actually a company and then you are not seeing a product from your own eyes you are not touching it so everything is based on the information provided by the aggregator itself or maybe the seller himself or herself. So how and what kind of various questions what kind of various steps can be taken which is based on a concept of that consumers are aware of their rights they do what should be written what should not be written and another thing is that India is a country of multiple languages so we have a huge linguistic diversity so this jagu, graha jagu is this campaign is also in different Indian languages is it also in regional languages and then you know the penetration of radio or other say mobiles not necessarily smart mobiles other mobiles also is it also on all those platforms? So let's take it one by one So you are right as we said you also said that the power equilibrium is really in favor of the big e-commerce players because consumer is alone and these are huge when they have billions of transactions every day so now there are two three things one is the fairness in terms of what is being offered to the consumer has to be fair the choice options have to be fairly provided to the before the consumer I will talk about the associated thing of reviews now when you and I buy a product on an online platform we see how it has been reviewed by other buyers so some says four star five star but sometimes we don't know whether that review is genuine or fake so now with the help of Bureau of Indian Standards we have developed a framework for the e-commerce platform to address the issue of fake reviews so that the buyer the consumer gets an opportunity to get an honest review system now the second is grievance redressal we have something called the national consumer helpline on which we get about one lakh complaints every month now we have realized yes so we analyze the data and we realize that about four years back the percentage of online buying complaints was 8% but last month it rose to 50% almost half of my one lakh complaints were against these e-commerce players so we keep telling the big ones and the small ones that you have to improve your grievance redressal we also take punitive action if there is a violation of the act but I think this thing will only change when the consumer is aware and he starts questioning and his buying behavior is determined by the fairness of the platform about the other question on languages so on the national consumer helpline we answer in 12 Indian languages and we have only decided last week that we will add eight more languages so from next a couple of month onwards we will be replying in 20 Indian languages so your right language is a big issue on e-commerce also AICT that all India Council for Technical Education it has developed an AI-PACE translation tool so in case you want to even make use of this campaign jago graham jago campaign then the content can be immediately translated in different Indian languages now this is a time of social media exclusive the whole world is about what is being done on Facebook and Twitter and Instagram and the number of followers all these people have and the greater the following those people eventually become social media influence so please tell us something about social media influencer trend of advertising and marketing brands engage content creations and then social media influencers they endorse different products, different services we do not know in the back end maybe they are paid money for it or they have received certain services or there is some gift for that so we are not really aware of so how do we deal with this kind of social media influencer endorsement okay so you are very right the advertising paradigm has changed with the increase in use of social media platforms so in conventional media whether it is print or television or similar other radio you know you can make out that this is an advertisement but you are right when a social media influencer with 5 lakh following says this product is good you do not know whether it has been paid for it or it is his or her honest opinion so only last Friday government has issued these guidelines which is in form of regulation for social media influencers which has very three simple points who to disclose so if you are a social media influencer and you are endorsing a product or a service you have to disclose and then how to disclose this if it is a picture then you have to say that it is paid and if it is a video it has to be disclosed at the beginning and in the middle of the video if it is a live stream then the constant ticker has to come so the idea is for disclosing this information to the consumer that whatever is being endorsed has been money has been money has transacted for that endorsement so sometimes it is not money it is a paid holiday or a free television or a free product so we have further modified the definition that if you have a material connection with the brand that you are endorsing then you have to disclose that I think the whole essence is disclosure to the consumer so that consumer knows whether it is an unbiased review or a paid review so this calibrate is buying behavior accordingly and sir, disclosure also a little prominently because sometimes you will see that it is actually a sponsored post and in the smallest possible font in very corner it would be written that it is a sponsored post so we have taken care of that that is a very good question in our guidelines and we have said the font size has to be the same and the speed at which the audio is coming cannot be, if you remember on some television channels they are very compressed audio so people cannot make out what they are saying so we have said that the speed has to be the same so yes we have to take care that the disclosure is very clear to the consumer I think it is a very important step and it will make our consumers very aware of it now consumers if I may say that we have to really catch them young so how can schools, colleges universities contribute to consumer awareness, their rights consumer protection and finally to grievance redressal so can we also take this whole consumer awareness campaign to a younger audience I mean to the audience who are at our schools or at our colleges so can actually do you think for something we should catch them young actually we should so what we have done is we are also asking for inclusion of this as a small part of the syllabus in their general CBSE or whatever boards they follow then there are some clubs which we call consumer clubs some are doing very well in Delhi, some are doing very well in other states and in addition to that our ministry also is responsible for standards, Bureau of Indian Standards with us and they are promoting standards in the schools so in the schools there are 4000 standard clubs where BIS people go and tell them that why standards are important so that the quality of the country improves which is indirectly related to consumer protection because if you are not getting a quality product you should start demanding that you should start looking for that ISI mark and other things so we have 4000 plus standard clubs and we have a lot of consumer clubs in various educational institutions and by incorporating in syllabus and other activity I think you are right unless we catch them young this thing has to be ingrained into our psyche that we cannot be taken for a ride just because we are a simple consumer and this entire thing it is actually it is an ecosystem you have manufacturers, you have suppliers some of them are very good and very quality conscience whereas some of them are not so good and do not reveal the complete information so see you have a complex job to do because you would also like that we have a concept of ease of doing business or ease of performing trade in national education policy 2020 we call it light but tight regulations so how do you balance and how do your department tries to do the balancing act that consumers are also not do then complete information is provided whereas at the same time suppliers, manufacturers, sellers these aggregators they also feel that there is actually an ease of doing business in the country because that is very very imperative for our economy so that is a very good question and that is I think the toughest job that I have like where do you strike the balance and how do you strike the balance between ease of doing business that means our laws our rules should not become an impediment in a good business but also we protect the interest of the consumer so that as I said consumer is not taken for a ride so we are constantly engaged with the industry and the supply side but when we call them for discussions we also call the consumer organizations so that there is always a balance I will give an example the labeling on the product on the legal metrology is also with our ministry and this you know the phone manufacturers came and said so the size of label is becoming too big because there are regulations from ministry of consumer affairs there are regulations from ministry of environment and forest and other regulations so sometimes the label was becoming bigger than the pack of the phone itself so we handled this problem about six months back we talked to them so now we have permitted them to use a QR code so we said instead of the three things the price and what is contained in the package like whether there is a charger or a plug or not and third which is very important for our neighborhood is country of origin so we said these three things only you print on the label for everything else have a QR code so that a person who is going to buying a phone obviously can scan that and can have access to that information so this is one example of how you strike a balance between ease of doing business but at the same time not compromising the interest so you are trying to have an enabling environment of mutual trust transparency and informed choices so tell us something about this fair digital finance we spoke about it a little while from now but then this with the ministry how is it leveraging disruptive technological advancements you know such as India stack like now we have Aadhaar then we also have various UPI transactions we can even use AI for making this whole ecosystem a much better one so how do you feel that various schemes various administrative policies the framework how can it be make much more efficient much more deliverable much more enabling by using that story of India stack and since you come from that kind of background and from the very inception of your academic career so how would you think and you know and reason it that this kind of technological advancements be a bone be an enabling factor for your ministry so I think not only for our ministry for the entire E governance framework the use of latest and upcoming technologies is very important for all the ministries and it's upon the leader the secretary or who's leading this initiative he has to take you know a macro view as to which parts of his work domain by infusion of technology can be made efficient for example we talked of you know BIS standards we talked of legal metrology where there are weights and measures which need to be certified whether this is actually one kg or not so there's a lot of credentials that are part of our system so if you and for credentials you need traceability for example when India is exporting cotton to the western world they would like to know whether this cotton is of you know what variety so the whole traceability thing is important not only for the confidence of the domestic consumer but also for export for example a lot of products are sold as organic so it says it's an organic product but how does one know whether it's a genuine organic product or not what is the traceability how will we know whether fertilizer was used or not used whether an organic you know ecosystem was there for the product so for addressing traceability we are working on blockchain platforms because blockchain is one platform where you cannot tamper with the transaction or with the once it's there in that database and you can't tamper so we are now putting we just started this we are now putting the entire standards framework the entire legal metrology framework on blockchain technology so that for the user whether it's a consumer or industry the traceability is established the other thing is we are using artificial intelligence in analytics of even the complaints that we get on the national consumer health line we are constantly analyzing as to why this particular you know product is getting more complaint then we have 750 companies which are directly connected to our health line so we seamlessly send it to them that see consumers are complaining a lot about this product and also we have about 750 consumer courts in which as we speak there are 5,20,000 cases pending across India so we did a massive exercise about 2 months back and we analyzed as to out of these 5,20,000 cases which are the you know most occurring cases with the highest frequency and we did a little analytics and realized that one third of these 5,20,000 cases is like 170,000% are only pertaining to insurance so that means there is something wrong in the way insurance is being handled in our country so I went to my batch mate and friend who is now in the department of financial services secretary who handles insurance we said let's sit together and take a good look at this your entire insurance framework as to why people are getting this satisfied in coming to our consumer course so I am giving these examples because using these technologies you can quickly come to conclusions and start looking at solutions to these problems so both in identification of the problem and provision of the solution these technologies especially the new ones can be a great help right sir and I think for having this kind of absolutely tech integrated framework we would also require an attitudinal shift I think an entire different psychological leaning for getting technology completely embedded into the framework because the other side also if I want to buy a refrigerator and I start looking at a refrigerator the moment I open any of the websites I will see too many advertisements of a refrigerator it's all right till this point but I am not even aware that some of them can actually be the sponsored one or the preferred one so I think we would need a different setup so now you were talking about organic whether the fertilizer has been used or not used so you have recently written a very very well written article that green washing stain so would you tell us something about it because we are in a flat world whatever I do today impacts everybody not only my cohabitants not only the community but also our planet earth so I understand that you are a very climate and sustainability conscious person so please tell us something about it so you are right I think India historically and culturally has been a society where we have been climate conscious because we realize that our existence which is called prakriti that you have to be in harmony with nature otherwise you cannot progress and if you start ignoring prakriti or how nature or the planet earth then disasters like what is happening in joshi mart or what happens elsewhere will keep happening so you have to be in close harmony with nature now India gradually over last 7-8 years has emerged as a climate change one of the biggest leaders in this framework of how to address climate change and honorable prime minister has gone to many cobs summits and he has in fact in the last one he introduced this concept of mission life which is lifestyle for environment which is mostly for us to use how to have less consumption repair recycle reuse which were always there in our culture and he is just re-emphasizing it so he is asking people and companies to be conscious of how we are adversely affecting environment what I wrote is that article was when there are people who are well intentioned on that some people will try and take advantage of the system some manufacturers some traders will paint their products as eco-friendly whereas those are not they will put a green label they will put a tree on the box as a symbol without actually telling the consumers what exactly that product is so that phenomenon of lying in that dimension is called greenwashing that you are portraying something as green whereas it is not so I wrote that article just to caution the consumer that do not just believe in what the company is saying go into their track record do some more research like your refrigerator example before you buy something or before you trust something to be eco-friendly do some more due diligence that was a cautioning article for the consumers the knowledge and information that we are getting through this conversation is truly amazing but we will have to stop here due to time constraints we will resume and have another round off conversation with Shri Rohit Kumar saying keep watching this space goodbye