Turning on the microphone Fixed it up twice, but that's this time. That's good Now let's see if we can Get some video up here. Yes, you've seen this already Now that everybody's refreshed any questions turn up Yes Of course If you're building your own ports You all do it's a it's a family parallel procedure You can if you're building your own port you will check out the port street For keeping your packages up to date. It's Package ads minus you updates from if they're well There has been a bit back and forth with updates for stable packages Some periods we've had them others well for personnel reasons there haven't been any so I would need to check what what the What's the situation at the moment, but If you if there is an update to to the pack to the package Or two ports tree Basically with the way the way you go for building a port locally is all change change that directory and Make make install right in most cases I shouldn't shouldn't be Shouldn't be really necessary because The end product is the binary package anyway, so package ads package ads minus you if there is one available So and anyway, if you well for lazy people like me who jumped from from snapshot to snapshot anyway, there's upgrades for Do the upgrade and do the package at minus you go go get some coffee or something or well Basically, the system will will keep working anyway. You can you do it in the background, so Some brittle applications like LibreOffice sometimes get a little iffy with their libraries go way under them, but you know, it's and Basically, you will not see things like your library version bumps will be between releases anyway So if you're running stable, you won't really have that problem But you there might be security updates to stuff like say Firefox So No, there was a Firefox exploit this week was nice. I I'm not quite sure about the all the exact situation there, but Pipe up on the mailing list and somebody will tell you I guess Now For upgrading we can always do a demo upgrading Rest of my notes here are Any suggestions any Anything you're you're curious about Yes, oh For the for the QMU. Oh, I can fetch that from my command history. I think Just need to find the the correct terminal Might be a challenge Yes, yeah, I'll find it for you at some point Yeah, here you go. So basically the You probably want larger fonts here Which of course made the thing a lot bigger Sorry, I'll adjust that in just a moment It's it applies to every terminal I have. Okay, which will be sort of interesting after a while. I guess Anyway, the command line was Yeah, well, you can probably see it up QMU system, whatever the the image you you will have created the image beforehand Minus CD ROM and you see in the CD image. So QMU can be well It's not a high-performance system, but it's quite useful for just looking up stuff so and running Running Running emulations like and demonstrations like like these ones for a now if you want want to run a An upgrade It'll be almost the same as the previous one Well anyway, well that's copying Now this should actually I'm not quite sure which which is the idea. I just told you from Yeah, it's 5.6. So You should be able to do an upgrade soon after this completes you for upgrade and Or likely guesses your Root file system the process you check I'll ask politely whether Or You have other file systems you want to check here what I've also found the well actually it uses the Whatever configuration it finds on the On the root file system you put for it It checks whether you want to To run full file system only ask if you want to do full files file system checks on the Non-root file systems usually well unless you know they're dirty well don't because it'll only take well it does a Very Chris recheck of the file systems anyway And as you can see them the mountain Mounting this point You could As I mentioned earlier if you have the the upgrade sets on disk somewhere Just this and you will You will then Next prompt will be where it is and you just everything is mounted under a slash MNT So in my case it would be a slash MNT home Peter upgrade Go for it. Here we go for a CD, which is default anyway And I think we'll see here is the Once we say which sets we want And I think you were way. Oh, I thought I thought we were going to see the the verification Something went bad then Anyway, it's here just installs in the regular Oh, I screwed up something with the with the upgrade here then because on In most of the cases you would have seen the signify Verification first and then it starts installing from here on it's not really interesting. You know, it's just a regular install Or a regular upgrade It will At the end of here it will ask you to run sys merge Which is well same ID as free beasties Merge master only well only only slightly different because this is open beastie and This was it can it used to be that it would require a pristine a source tree Equivalent to your install sets. It's been able to for quite a few releases to run off install sets with the It's and it's ex sets sets for the configuration for base system and next respectively now the it's set has been rolled into the base set anyway, so You basically run sys merge and it will Just merge your files much much the same as as merge master does on free beastie Depending on how far you jump it will be well a fairly quick and painless conversion Now I guess we could start going into the anecdotes of coddling the the browsers well I don't know if anybody any of you follow me on Twitter or so forth if you do you would know that I have a sort of a Love-hate relationship with the Libre office I was well for doing the during for doing the book as fortunately the situation where it was Writing stuff in the Libre office. Libre office has a number of bugs. One of them is that if you're You do revision tracking as one does in most arch editing process There is a high number of revisions. You can actually have in a file before Libre office crashes So that So and of course, it's and it's a memory hog the other memory hog is that any browser any modern browser is going to eat all memory to throw at it and And while I was running mainly running Chrome, which says quite helpfully in the package read me that the shared shared memory Setting can't be cranked to To Accommodate stuff like you Memory hogs like Chrome. So I started doing that. You can also do go by the by the you limit So this was well was still running on my whole think pack, which was four gig machine and it was getting painful and Anyway, if you log in on desktop, you will be you will be one part of the staff Staff group anyway These are the settings. I all data size infinity some of this is probably overkill and This baby here got up to a number where I think I'm probably up to about half the real memory in that system at the point, but that's what that at that point the the browser started almost Almost behaving not crashing randomly or just freezing for five minutes at a time or ten minutes even Then again, well one thing or two things happened. I just got bored and switched to Firefox which at the time was slightly better Tends to well these monster programs tends to they tend to alternate be For the title of the buggy is the program in your system So I tend to switch back and forth and unfortunately Well run run Firefox and labor office and you will have a fight on your hands Anyway, at least inside four gigs Ram. Fortunately, I got lucky and got myself a slightly better system But you might you will it's very easy to Get caught in down the rabbit hole for accommodating Desktop applications, so they're even they're much worse than the most server applications. I can tell you So it's a potential rabbit hole If I'm any worse stories about that, I'm glad to hear them. I might even write about them at some point But let's see what's actually new in in five of six This is what I've been waiting for right? You can see the the full list the canonical list is The one here actually it's It's not done. They're not done editing this and they're not done editing the the five of six release page either and Because well five of six is not out yet It's let's see. It's actually been a couple of days since I Since I checked so that there's probably some things that have happened. I think you can actually pre-order Yes, you can you see it's only This list is now It's getting fleshed out But I've got the the cliff notes here Now these in the big news in five five One of the big new items in the five five was that the new traffic shaping system and Before five before five Henning was talking about while we should probably keep both system in base for couple releases Turned out it was too painful to To maintain both so in five six old cue is gone You have to really have to do one of the traffic shaping. There is no way, but no the new way if you're interested in looking at the new New traffic shaping we can do that And it takers Not really Yes, no one that you may have downloaded already So and it is also in the notes for the pf tutorial girls and male has Now been superseded by the slightly more user-friendly SMTPD for us the default MTA if you're running on a new install And you're not actually running a mail server You don't really need to know about it. But anyway, SMTPD has a fairly pf-like And human readable configuration format. So your typical smtpd.conf would be less than 20 lines compared to Whatever Send mail config would be or it's even in at least any in the simple cases. It's even It's even simpler than stuff like xm or postfix. So Unfortunately, I haven't I haven't gotten around to to books Book quality conflicts to throw it he yet, but it might happen Kerberos wasn't based for quite a while during the by the Heimdall System problem was that it ended up being un-maintained like nobody's actually using it. So it's been removed With some ripple effect on stuff like sshd and tell that to tell that You can there is it's returning as a base a package And with all the back-and-forth over bind Name D Bind is being retired if you want to run your you can still run Bind on OpenBSD if you install the package, but it's been removed by this removed from base system Basically the the the maintenance became too painful and The long-term plan which is now almost come to fruition is to use nsd for the authoritative name service and unbound for reserve recursive Resolver which makes sense because a an authoritative name server and recursive resolver are Function functionality different enough that it makes sense to have separate demons for it so For those of you who run Web servers with just the OpenBSD base system the traditional HDTVD Used to be a fork at patchy 1.3 I know that will bring chuckles to Linux people because nobody's been using the Apache 1.mumble for years and years and years problem was back in the day that Apache changed licenses and the Apache license was just not compatible with the OpenBSD base system. So we were the OpenBSD developers Forked patchy 1.3 maintained it for many painful years somebody Commenced the project that introducing nginx was a better solution So nginx is the default HDTVD in OpenBSD 5.6 We will see changes by 5.7 nginx will be a package as we already mentioned the installer no longer supports FTP and Well, OpenBSD 5.6 is the debut version for our OpenSSL replacement LibreSSL There will be at least one LibreSSL talk at a conference One given by Terranangst who is different involved in this also the is also the author of signify. So if you have any Detailed questions you would probably want to I think tabs where it arrives for by the way, so you can probably go bug him Again on the There is There was a lot of work that went into LibreSSL But thanks to extensive testing by the reports team Very little if anything is actually user visible. The only user visible change I've been Of noticed is that the OpenSSL binary Which just keeps his name is moving to user bin instead of user user has been Also If you're on the point-to-point links you will need to consider whether you want to Well, if you were using the user LAN PDemon It has been retired upgrading might involve moving to something else and Yes, we have RCP good old-fashioned Really broken protocol. It's nobody's been using that for years. So it's been removed. It's in the attic TCP wrappers Most of the free unix has to TCP wrappers implemented by a while where you Control access via hosts deny or hosts allow um Much of that well Most of the stuff you want from there anyway since we have pf on at all times just convert those to pf rules What one well? There are just well your system becomes cleaner because there are Fewer files to to keep updated Our mail and you use a PD If you really if you want the bank addresses you can have them, but you will need to install This is so ancient even well, I don't have used the stuff way back, but I don't remember it anymore So if you're still you still want Still on there are a few more items which we could come back to We had well partly as a fallout from the open itself The back hole there were several of the older older hashes Cypress from the sshd supported and had in the default config we Removed which meant at some point. We would have a we had a few Older clients that just weren't able to well upgrade your open beast using system And there would be an assortment of clients that just were not able to connect to the Because they were using older Older ciphers that were just no longer supported There was a bit of head scratching over that In some sites, but it was resolved you if you either well the preferred action is of course to upgrade the Clients to a new ssh version and it'll be good. You can't do that You can reintroduce the the week cypress. It's all in some notes. I won't be showing you but And again, we as we mentioned earlier as examples now exists with A little more fairly extensive some of these examples are fairly extensive very Late in the game 456 the filtering grammar for relay D changed a bit so we PF like config is there again And if running if you were running job on IP 86 and it broke in 5.5 was back so Well Oracle still doesn't care, but And of course my version 6 configuration defaults You will notice on a fresh 5.6 system that unless you specify for per interface that you actually want IP version 6 It's not unable to know not even link local address We can go over these In sequence, I guess now upgrading to a PC 5 6 filter to run the The install yes, it's done It looks pretty much like the install It's worth keeping in mind that well, even though you can You can try to upgrade across several jumps. It would be only support the way is to go by increments of the point one and No, it's a little cumbersome, but and of course in some in some cases if you have a really long upgrade Jump it's probably better to do clean install and restore whatever you use your data from from from backup now we can try what the What the machine says here reboot and Run sysmerge Yes Yes, actually we could We could take a peek at that. It's Actually a fairly simple operation Slides for that are in the Yes, here it is upgrading packages Basically, you would do something like like this for use package info to dump whatever your list of Packages well anything else It's possibly overkill to do through both here, but anyway these two Package info commands will dump your list of packages and once you've Once you got that you do a re reinstall and The next Next step you do then is After your sysmerge you do the fuzzy package match by Feeding the feeding package add your list of packages. It does a fuzzy match So it doesn't really you know the package package name usually is very specific with the version number needed a patch number It does a fuzzy match and see what it can get So usually that works very very well and then of course for a more manual operation well you can package info dump the file and Before I discovered the actually could actually have package add a read from the file We'll have that file displayed somewhere and package add package name and it will get we'll take care of the dependencies So but anyway package info minus Minus M Minus Q Produce your package list actually purrs possible package info I'm not in the suitors file Yes, one of the things I always recommend people run Do not logins reduce use pseudo Thing you need to remember is that one thing you need to do is even if you're in the wheel You're not in the default by default. You're not in the In the suitors file. So what you do and you if you Remember your root password. I hope I did yes by So you know and you really do not edit pseudo words Just using a regular editor.  So what we're looking at here is Just this is vi if you don't like vi you have a problem So but it's a managed vi vi run from from the eye pseudo So the syntax will be checked and we're good. So we can go back to Actually now I can do I can do this merge and This should be fairly automatic because the this is a Vanilla system Not much change that isn't handled automatically If you have edited your your config files, just like on pre-bc you will be Offered editing or merging And Now it's like QMU is not a high-performance system now You were asking about 5.5. One of the things that happened in 5.5 was Time t turned 64 bit and This is one of the reasons well when Time t turned 64 bit it changed the binary format of everything so The upgrade upgrade is showed the 5.5 upgraded should take care of the the boundaries the nice necessary conversions for the base system In case it doesn't Well the thing was The one thing that tripped me up during the 5.5 the current run of the 5.5 was that The master password database Format of that one changed as well so after upgrading to that snapshot I couldn't log in. There is no way I could log in the The the workaround was to boot from the from the Either well there are two ways to do this either you run the snapshot of the the installer and Once you're dropped to the shell there you run this command To regenerate your password database and you should be okay Otherwise you do what I did boot from the BCRD again drop to a shell and run this command and Well, there are a few binary files that will just not be usable anymore, so you just Just zap them and yeah at the end I was able to log in and life went on Now For the yes like we like we saw in the or might have seen in the QM here. Yes Um Smurge is fairly smart about the stuff like real what your permission should be on the config files and so forth So it always known and notice even if that doesn't do anything else. It will check your permissions using m3 so if you for some reason done changes to to the permissions of Directories because some you can run then make some application run otherwise Well, you will need to go back and either fix the application or do redo your change I've had a few of these situations Again always always like when you're for everything open VST as I said earlier Everything has a man page. They're usually is a use useful fact so please read those first and For the upgrade fact while there is an upgrade That may be popular was not populated yet. It will be at that's all is traditionally you will find it at fact upgrade version number It probably will materialize with the next few weeks but you can it's all it's always a Direct the sentence of the following current fact anyway, which is at Let's see They're almost there are variations, but so if you're up against who Yes, this is the format of well, so you can see a number of things have have changed over Over the years. Well, actually over the last six months and we have here the the exact Instructions for Making sure that your your system is Is what it should be Now if you do the install or upgrade most of these things will will be handled automatically If not by anything else then then the sister marriage will do it There are a number of smaller differences that we haven't covered yet and If you're upgrading it's probably worth Looking through this anyway because there will be some some files that just not useful useful anymore It's such as the TCP wrappers libraries and Associated Man pages you can just remove those And yes, if you're running p-flow net flow export from P. F You may need to know About the the Flow protocol version numbering And again, it's always useful to read read this page Well, this is still called current but Let's break here sometime after I think actually it's Somewhere in this now it's actually Late late July I think was when we we moved to no No, I early August was when the Release was cut so We will have some items here that are actually not in five six So better wait a couple of weeks and you'll have the the canonical answer Then again Yes, we've covered this Covered this one as well and again, I think the Having an example directory to that is a great boost for anyone who's Moving to a system because there are fewer active or fewer potentially active Items to take care of them in a base install There are stuff you can enable but There's basically less clutter Old Q there are no network people But for me, of course, this was was the big one If you're running a mail server, please consider running smtpd The open smtpd it has been ported There is there is a portable version that seems to run on basically every unit south there Certainly the ebonyx It has This is a very basic Smtpd config this one Just handles local mail If you uncomment the third to last line here, it will be starting to accept mail for for the domain so basically For a very basic config this will be enough I compare that to your Multi or some hundreds some hundreds of lines send my config and you'll be very happy with this money There are More involved in examples possible They're Setting up Smtpd to do your bidding would possibly be a good tutorial, but it won't get this conference Well, then again, if this is a smtpd is the default and here now if you're already using say postfix or exam You may need to all you probably need to Do the mail account from RC conf checks for whether Stuff you do not want is enabled But it will be some like a Sun A five-minute change anyway Yes, we covered the HTTP What weeks ciphers? bind these few wrappers our mail and Well, I was hoping to There is a very very entertaining presentation on the On YouTube by Bob back If you only rest a selector interested We can run that later if you like it's about in three quarters of an hour worth Looking into And Well stuff we need that we will need to Think about for planning for the future five seven is only six months away and And the next and the next had a very short life as part of the base system And so happened that Relady's author Rick Flurta. Oh, he tweeted something like I woke up and Found that I had committed a web server Basically something that spawned off the lady low balancer that already had a lot of web serverish functionality in it so it's It's supposed to be very small and secure and It's still being worked on and It's if if you're upgrading well, you can you can save a lens next then you probably need to remove to the To the package version or you can adapt to yet another conflict for format and actually for myself I haven't quite done that yet one of the Fairly exciting new things in four five seven will be the RC CTL utility Which helps you? Manage your your RC.com That's the local it was written mainly as a wrapper for things like peppered or ansible to Automatically manipulate your your config files But you can you use now from your command line and It looks like there is a plan at least a system for just merge this and itself to also handle package updates I think that's slow work in progress and For Well as in every previous release there is a lot of hardware support Fixes all new drivers and pro drivers. I'm still hoping that the New version of the Intel wireless card that came with this laptop will be supported in this release. We don't know that yet We already have fairly good Hardware support from the number of things And as you will you will see what developers Well are all Open-beasty developers generally run on these other laptops, so we may have an agile or free beastie there and Well As I've said earlier, I intended to be a mainly a questions driven Workshop I think I've actually reached the end of my prepared notes We could go back and Bobbeck's Libre SSL presentation, which is actually quite entertaining Or well, whatever you prefer really Anyway, this is a good time to remember to remind you that the best way to you to Support the open-beasty project is to send the money You can do that by buying stuff. I think you can all you can you can now Pre-order no the pre-order should be up fairly soon Oops There's also if you're a rich person who just was given sort of money well, you can Go to the donations page. There is for I do not know whether the paperwork that can be provided by the open-beasty foundation is Interesting at all for European corporations, but anyway for North American corporations. This is a Canadian non-profits that will provide anything that you the North American tax man will require Um Talk to your boss if you're using open-beasty in your work talk to your boss bar this credit card and make sure there's a large donation That will help help your Help your system move forward And again, I won't Think this one I'll need to correct the URL for that one, but All this will be available Online at the roughly the URL I put in the notes as soon as we conclude here Any further questions any inputs Do we go about begs presentation on? I haven't done that yet it will be well right after we conclude And know how to deal with this code Everybody In a last-in-first-down manner Actively discourages developers and we say I don't have the time and energy to invest to understand this arcane stuff Okay, just to see if it's okay. I'm gonna hold the person who writes in this arcane style Understands it enough and cares enough to take care of it Our keynote when you know our keynote speaker said oh, it's so good that you know in this modern day and age We don't have to manually encode bite lengths and and you know size is a word and I'll not snort and giggle I had open SSL code open on my screen that does exactly that So yeah, so mission we decided was the graphic the allocator rotting It's all the maintainers are not maintaining. They're just adding to it So it was the important 101 g seconds after me. Oh press the commit button to import 101 g We didn't say anything or announce anything, but slowly the the community notice that there's this massive, you know, these enormous commits Happening on the SSL branch of the BSD I think that it's we for as a delam again. It's bad old goals are at least initially So API API found to be a drop-in in the ecosystem that already uses this API API Okay, so it's not like it's going to be easy for us to say API might be better than less there. Put that considerable amount in that already. It's actually really cool I'd like the usual open BSD normally we review it's okay that we've all had to convince where we've said yeah, okay Or you know, somebody ran this was hey miss this. Yeah, it's really nice to have community involved don't seem to have With the open SSL. He does not have anything to do with the electricity source of open SSH Which you probably all use it has a mostly pretty good track record Okay, the first thing is how you do this How we've done this for open SSH for many years is we assume the same target OS Oh, we do that standard while using modern see adapt when necessary Violates do portability you provide portability shims that correctly do the things that the other OS is don't provide you don't rewrite your own copies of lip see string functions just because Linux has decided not to have sterile coffee You just provide if there's a function called timing safe Safe special variety of it probably means something you probably shouldn't just make that them probably bad If there's a function we use called explicit B zero that your operating system doesn't have you might want to check Why we chose to call a function called explicit B zero rather than B zero and wonder why but this is how open SSH does for Okay, you probably all see that y'all use open SSH Nothing because you can't break support for Windows 16 and visual see 1.5 2 You haven't forbid portability being the biggest goal 17 deep You've been there this half screen of if death stuff and says yeah, okay, it's just politics Incredibly hard to look at it maintain and to even find out when you look at a piece of arcane code It's just being used. Is this not being used being compiled in not open SSL see It's not see in the sense that we know it. Okay, sure It's the C language, but a lot of the normal library functions We know and use are not there or they're replaced with open SSL or crypto or bio versions of it platform Just because visual see doesn't Visual see 1.5 to have a linking error when you use SN print F Instead, we'll do 20 lines of stir copies of bits into stuff and then have a comment at the top I use did it this way because that's an print out pukes on visual see 1.5 to hello It's probably time to retire that code. Thanks to Val house It's a big support my right away a few people notice that I killed it I believe I committed it saying that if Norse legends were true at Sidic will meet me in Valhalla And we will be friend So the support of varying variety Mac who is classic for pre OS 10 I hate to announce it if you've got a Mac se 30 leave her SSL will not work for you You will have to run it So sorry or or put a fishbowl in it or BMS support We can talk a little bit about BMS support and BMS support tendrils in there were just Started to notice that memory allocation issues are actually at work on this code base Somebody ran it through. We simply would deep mind them. So like the things that say turn on the debugging now But the library internally no longer use the stuff So part of our strategy to moving away from it is to if we don't like to save you and we have to keep it for external compatibility But we're certainly not going to use it inside So the rest of cell doesn't use open as a cell now on crypto now Lipsy it is non-standard the place in open SSL and is the web page with only two poles Negotiations But the actual encrypt it's Encrypted stream is just encrypted with a symmetric cipher with two randomly chosen keys in each end Entropy source had better be pretty good Obviously, if you can predict what the random number generator was seated with and what it will do You can have a good idea to predict what Well, anyway, you get an idea how much potential work there was in to turn into Libra's cell and For that very reason BC 5506 is Is a an important release for well basically everyone Now We could go on I guess that just start stuff again And depending on what depending on what we actually crashed on We will see something interesting Right we're Our time allocation We're we're actually looking at I think we're an hour if we It's now 12 o'clock lunch isn't until one There's hope there's coffee outside Still Hey back Looks like we're having some Again I guess Or we could just break early I You find this session useful is it worth coming here Anyway, I'll be Well Be tricked into being turned on if you provide an entropy gathering even here The library in all sorts of places at runtime can decide. Oh, no, we need something random at which point it decides Oh gosh, but I'm about to generate something. I need something random. We have seen definitely your RSA key is pretty random You can make if you make open SSL check entropy thing or fail during RSA key generation It will emit the intermediate stages of RSA key generation into the random subsystem to generate We've seen There is lots of little statics in that code charts at some variant of string to give the random number generator entropy Yeah Or of course the user will get PID and get kind of day all this fun stuff Since these were always there again It's an attack target even if your OS is using a reasonable source of entropy if you can trick the library into saying Oh, I don't have enough entropy it will fall back to using these methods Yeah, the responsibility operating system if your operating system can't provide you with another source of entropy We will not fake it Looks like Yeah, okay, something is just not I guess it's fun to watch as well I think we've triggered something we don't want Just have free time for about an hour It's really up to you what you want to do So check entropy thing or fail during RSA key generation it will emit the intermediate stages of RSA key generation into the random subsystem to generate And most major operating systems do it right ish or there's a way to do it, right? Okay, so do it right picture operating system not for these issues. Uh, Joel has done a lot of urgency I don't know You decided we're gonna fork it. We don't worry about upstream. Let's make this code base Readable, you know, you can like K&M for knocking do something consistent Do something consistent documented to a standard that a lot of the rest of the world can understand So the water rest of the world can start looking at your code and seeing where there are issues Many eyes actually make stuff better or not worse And so we're panpping the whole thing If it makes it more readable that sometimes makes the horrors visible, which is the point that more readable hopefully means more developer involvement more community involvement Not rt has been and continues to be a fantastic resource for us Although a number of the people who are submitting bugs to them now give them to us first or at the same time Because they've kind of noticed that we actually fixed them And say thank you with four months there and they seem to go there to die Like shedding that null pointer chase. They keep being passed up and there we go Yeah, they did have a cde for them. They just decided not to fix it There's a way to to uh fiddle with the ssl. Um It's the negotiation options Such that you can trick the library to follow the bottom This as I kind of alluded before all the apis are belonging to include open ssl Just about I don't think they've ever heard of static Or or when they did they redefined how to find static local We have this enormous space of api that could potentially be used by external applications And this is this because there's a lot of this that probably shouldn't be used outside the library or isn't used outside the library But we can't know for sure We're slowly finding out because if we change something or say nothing should use this we delete it We are our faithful ports guys and open vsd run a ports build on nine architectures and come back and go Oh, no happens. So how are we going to fix it? Maybe sometimes that's oh, this is an easy fix And in these two pieces of software make the changes and send them upstream and backwards And sometimes it's no, this is too painful. We'll we'll go back to to have you back yet So we're actively doing this whole Let's do this continuous testing with the ports ports builds And be very cautious try to be sure that we can stay Compatible or mostly compatible with some of the ecosystem out there There's a few things we just removed because they were out using ourselves We use regular amount of calibrates Realms, printouts, drill cattle is one thing the strange api's remain for compatibility But we don't use my use hopefully more and easier develop for involvement api Criminals to live ssl because live ssl is not live c your operating system provides you with live c in a standard interface for a reason Use it generally speaking. You don't need to in an application call open ssl now Or bio now bio sturdies or things like that you can choose in your application to just use the regular one Okay, so since that was always kind of optional in the first place now Do you still need to do like evp interfaces to ciphers? Of course you do that those calls aren't going to change but those aren't where the problem So specific phone issues bio s and print out this one I'm going to continue a little poke back and forth with the odor up over it and so forth. I've lost I'm trying to suck ted into my cause and we're going to eventually okay each other's dip and just do it Bio s and print out is like s and print out mostly Except if you know s and print out s and print out will return minus 1 it could fail in ssl I went through and looked it returns minus 1 every time And so when people assume that s and print out behave like s and print out Bad things happen if they're actually calling bio s and print out and it returns negative 1 Instead of a large value that they are expecting So I did my way through this there about 500 calls to bio s and print out in the life preserve this thing The research is negative one and I'm looking at given that about three quarters of the calls in the library or wrong By ecosystem and we should just change the api to be like s and print out. It would probably be no worse So we pass 30 for no corner. It's a bang This one conveniently ignores for this interface or make it the same as the standard because we don't know how many applications out there um Right. I think it's probably uh, unless we come up with Uh, any other suggestions come on please So it's yours I'll uh, I suggest we just break early and be the first in length of lunch. So, uh, Right. I hope you enjoy the session Well, I am a member of the open bc people will be around for the rest of the conference and we'll be taking questions at any time uh Some of us also respond to donations of beer and so forth Well, uh, we'll keep you around. So thanks for joining here. I hope this session's been useful And um, yeah, we'll see you around the conference. Thanks


Friends, the union government is committed to providing employment opportunities and education to all segments of our society. It was with this spirit that recently we decided to provide 10 percent reservation in education and government employment to the poor among the general category. This decision has been taken in a such a way that it does not impact the Dalits, Tribals and OBCs who are already availing the benefits of reservation. It is unfortunate that an atmosphere of suspicion and mistrust has been created by a few people in Tamil Nadu to serve their own self-will interests. I urge all of you to remain vigilant against such negativity. Any political thought which opposes the poor cannot ever benefit anyone. I urge all of you to remain vigilant against such negativity. I urge all of you to remain vigilant against such negativity. I urge all of you to remain vigilant against such negativity. I urge all of you to remain vigilant against such negativity. Friends, I want to talk to you about one more issue. This is relating to the Devendra Kula Vellalar community and ensuring justice as well as opportunity for them. The issue came to me and I am fully sensitive towards that demand and you would be happy to know that there is significant progress with regards to it. I assure the community that justice will be done. This is a subject about social harmony and we are committed to justice for all.


All right, so this is Arnold Farn calling a pet cleaning service to see if he gets pigs cleaned. Hello Riley, my name is Arnold. I call to see you clean animal. Yes. Yes. So I have a fewer pig. I have a six, seven large pig and I look to clean them. There's not a place to clean here. So I think can I perhaps bring my pig in for clean grooming here?  What if I bring that pig in? Only dogs. Why? Just because we've got dogs inside the salon so we can't have any other animals inside there. What if the other dog a tie, right?  I do not have the cleaning. I do not have the cleaning tool here. You see, I do not have it at home. I need to have pig clean. You clean dog. Dog pig. Same thing. See inside our salon. There is around here. There's a lot of DIY wash it. I down the road from us. You can actually. Can I speak a supervisor? Come on now Riley. You put me on supervisor. I want to give you business. I want to give you money but you not clean my pig. Where policies say no pig clean? I say I do not see policy no pig clean. Yes Riley put me through manager. Yes. Hello Kim. My name is Arnold. I speak to staff. She very rude. She say something about you not clean my animal and I would like to speak to somebody who maybe can clean my animals for me. What breed of animal do you have? I have a pig. I have a six pig but I only want maybe the two big one clean. 100 kilo. The other one bit smaller but 100 kilo pig. Very important. I clean. My wife is sick. She cannot do it.  So I need the pig cleaned by tomorrow for cell to butcher. Yeah Arnold I'm unfortunate. We wouldn't even have the facility in our grooming salon to. I see a dog. I see dog. Big dog. 100 kilo. Okay. Okay. Not 100 kilo. I have a 30 kilo pig. A little hairy one. I bring in similar size to dog. I could maybe bring that in a harness and take you could take it to a self wash those you know self wash dog. I know I know clean. I don't know. I don't know the clean. I don't know. I don't do that. That I pay. I happy to pay money. We can't help you. I happy to pay money. You listen here. I bring my pig. I bring my pig. Okay. You'll see. You'll see the size. You'll see the shape of it and flicking around at the front and I see if you like to clean it. I pay top price. I pay double if you like. I just need clean by tomorrow afternoon. You write that down tomorrow afternoon. I need clean. Write that down. Yeah. No. We can't help you. Pig a dog. The same thing. Pig a dog. The same thing. They might be the same size. The same. A dog does not know.  A dog does think. Oh, there's a pink dog. Another pink dog there. Yeah.  It's the same team in my country. You listen here. Okay. I come in. You write this down. Okay.  I only bring the smaller one first and see. I come in with a harness and I will pay top price. You clean first thing morning. You write that down. First thing tomorrow morning. I bring my pig. My fresh pig. I help you, sir. Unfortunately, you will be wasting your trip here. You listen here. I've been getting my pig clean for five years. Five years of dog services.  We just moved to Blaisburg down in Sydney. The dog washer always cleaned the pig. No problem. Other dogs there. They don't even look. They don't even look over. They just smell it a bit. That's all. The dog don't mind. If a dog bite, a dog bite, it should not be getting a clean. Any other grooming salon, sir? So, I can recommend a couple for you if you want to try a different salon. So, Riley, you saw rule to me. I cannot believe I have a hundred dollar, a hundred dollar cash I gave you to clean my pig. It take maybe a 10 to 15 minutes.  It's very important. I have professional clean. My wife is sick. My wife is sick. I understand what you're telling me, but it doesn't change the outcome. Unfortunately. Okay. Well, you were making me fuss in my hand.  I'll be there maybe 9 30 10.  If you see the size and the shape of the pig, see it flicking around. We'll see if you like it. You can bring him down, sir, but the answer will still be the same. Okay. But bring him down. We bring him down and we see. Okay. Bring the pig tomorrow. I see in the morning. Okay. Okay. We'll see in the morning. Bye. Bye.  There were certain words you said then that was truly, truly disgusting, but like incredible. Oh my God. I don't find his back and he is fine.  All right. That was the prank call this week. Stay true to yourself and don't ever be rude any one man. It's a good thing to be nice in this world. It's crazy times out there. Stay safe and be strong and just remember that we were the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. We're the best. The best. We're the best. A dioroul. No farts.


ng for the people of Scotland as well as for the people of the United Kingdom. Equally, though, we must also recognise that there have been issues with the implementation of universal credit. That point has been made across the chamber. The main issues have been addressed, though. The frequency of payments and the fact that housing benefits were not being made to landlords were both prime topics of concern. We have supported the move to change them and alleviate concerns. As we have heard, that is down to this Parliament having the ability to modify how universal credit it has ministered. It is devolution in action, an area of policy that operates as a reserved matter but has the ability to be modified according to the motivation of the devolved administration. It is no longer sufficient just to offer criticism. This Parliament must continue to offer solutions. While I am pleased to see this Parliament taking action to tailor universal credit to best suit Scotland's needs, it is only right to recognise that the UK Government, as we have heard from Adam Tomkins, has been taking these issues seriously and looking for ways to solve problems and improve the way that the system works. Just yesterday, the UK Conservative Government took action on the other major challenge that has been highlighted with universal credit. It delays in claimants receiving payment. Now claimants can receive payments within five days or even on the same day in case of an emergency. Not only does this show that the UK Government is listening to concerns, it demonstrates that implementing universal credit is an evolving process, one that the UK Government is determined to get right. I was enormously encouraged to hear David Galk say that he would not be rushed into implementing universal credit. That is a sensible approach to take. It is better to get it right than it is to do it quickly. The concerns and disagreements that we have are practical matters. The substance of universal credit is on firm ground. I have not heard anything today to convince me otherwise. I am in my last minute. Reforming a benefit system is of course not easy, but it is necessary. The SNP knows all about issues with roll-outs. Just think of the cap, farm payments fiasco, for example. In this Parliament, we have a devolved administration and it is at its best when it delivers on the promise of devolution. Let us continue to scrutinise, to engage, and we are appropriate to act so that we make sure that we get it right. With a UK Government determined to succeed and a Scottish Parliament embracing devolution, Scottish claimants now have more certainty than they will need. On time and how they need it, I urge this chamber to support the name of Adam Tomkins. I thank members across the chamber for their contributions to this debate. We have heard from the benches behind me and to my right real evidence of facts from members' constituents, as well as powerful testimony from, in particular, Marie Todd and Ian Gray. We know of many organisations across Scotland that have given us their strong views and evidence facts again on the direct, harmful and personal impact of universal credit. Increased rent arrears, increased debt, use of food banks, crisis loans. The DWP admitting that one in four of new universal credit claimants wait longer than six weeks. Half of new claimants needing a DWP loan, nearly one-third borrowing from family or friends and at least one in 10 turning to payday or doorstep lenders. Social security in this Government's view should be there to help and support when we need it, and any one of us could need it. It should never, ever penalise or worsen an already difficult situation. However, the current UK welfare system does precisely that through system failure and political choice. Alex Rowley is absolutely right in his assertion that the systemic problems in terms of excluding individuals who do not have access to or the skills to manage an entirely digital system, his comments in terms of the absence of sufficient support, the fact that the phone line is a line that people have to pay for, all of that is absolutely correct, and I'm very happy to support not only his amendment but the sentiments that he and his colleagues expressed. I'm also happy to accept the amendment in the name of Alex Cole-Hamilton. Can I say to Mr Cole-Hamilton, who did ask me a direct question, that I do support a genuine simplified system that is genuinely accessible, provides social security support that helps people into work and supports those for whom that is not a viable option? I also support a system that is not willfully and maliciously used to save money on the backs of those who can least afford it. That is precisely what we have from this UK Government's welfare system. I say not only is that my view, Mr Cole-Hamilton, but give this Government the powers and we will show you how it might be done. We are told repeatedly and through selective quoting that the point of all of this is to make work pay. What aren't nonsense? If that truly was the point, you'd act to ensure the real living wage was introduced. You'd act to end contract legitimised exploitation. You'd act to end to 60 per cent of UK households living in poverty who at least have at least one member in work. You'd act to make sure that the IFS estimate of an additional 1 million children pushed into poverty by UK welfare cuts doesn't happen. I want to turn to and support the amendment offered in the name of Alison Johnson. I agree completely with what Ms Johnson said. A family making a new claim under universal credit full service will, on average, get a lower reward than if they had been making that claim under the legacy system. A recent Scottish Government report estimated that a couple with two children, with one parent working 16 hours a week, will be £1,700 per year worse off by 2021 as a result of changes to universal credit since 2015. Let's not forget that it's the cuts to tax credits and third child payments within universal credit that have resulted in the heinous and appalling rape clause that my colleagues over here continue to collude with and deflect from. Now let me turn to the Conservatives' position. From Mr Balfour, I have to say with the greatest of respect, if you are genuinely concerned about disabled people moving into work then you will oppose the cut to employment support allowance and you will oppose the reduction in mobility vehicles that colleagues and others across the country are facing as a result of the UK Government who defends and their position. To Mr Cameron, it is a lovely Pollyanna view of the world. Take time, be patient, it will all be better one of these days. Your UK Government has known since 2013 and again in 2014 of the systemic and policy flaws in universal credit and yet you persisted in rolling it out and you continue to persist.  Unfortunately, you completely failed to address the central point of my resolution in terms of this Government of the amendments from my colleagues on this side of our chamber, that there are systemic and fundamental flaws in the roll-out of universal credit, which the UK Government, which you insist on defending, refuses to address. Ms Rieman, I appreciate that you are winding up and addressing members. Would you try not to refer to them as you, just refer to them as members and use their titles? Certainly. Let me turn to Mr Tomkinson. I am glad that, in the Conservative resolution, support is offered to us for the choice that this Government has made, that we will introduce from tomorrow, although I have to wonder how it is possible to square the support for choice in the payment of rent direct to landlords and twice monthly payments with the position that this Government is forced into of paying the DWP to deliver a choice that was my colleagues in the Conservative seats support. I am sure, too, that a welcome is given for the clarification that both Ms McElvie and Ms Johnson have provided on the full Joseph Rowntree position on this matter, and I look forward to hearing that quoted at length in the future. However, the list of organisations that members in this chamber, that briefings that have come to us, that we know about from the press, from our own work as constituency and other MSPs, the list of organisations saying loud and clear all the fact tellers, all the evidences there, that universal credit should be paused and the problems fixed. That list of organisations with more direct experience than I or I suspect just about MDLs in this chamber, that list of organisations and that evidence is to be ignored in the Conservative amendment. What arrogance, Presiding Officer, to ignore that? I cannot understand what the rationale can be for ignoring all of those facts and all of that evidence. We cannot say that you do not know, so I assume that it has to be a choice. A choice like every one of the four UK Secretary of State have had, a choice to act, to act on the evidence, to fix the systemic and policy failures of universal credit. Every one of them has failed that test. Every single one has made the political choice to ignore the human catastrophe that they are creating. Now, for us, as this Parliament votes to demand the UK Government halts a roll-out of universal credit, the question that I have to ask is direct to my Conservative members, my colleagues. What political choice are you going to make? Will you act on the evidence that you have heard here today and elsewhere? Or will your party come first?  Refer to members by their titles or their full names. Or will members in the Conservative benches join us and demand the UK Government halts a roll-out of universal credit and fixes the systemic and policy disaster that it has created? That concludes our debate on the roll-out of universal credit, and we will move straight to decision time. There are five questions, and I remind members that if the amendment in the name of Adam Tomkins is agreed, then all of the other amendments would fall. The first question is that amendment 8036.2 in the name of Adam Tomkins seeks to amend motion 8035 in the name of Gene Freeman on the roll-out of universal credit be agreed. Are we all agreed? We're not agreed. We'll move to division and members be cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 8035.2 in the name of Adam Tomkins is yes, 23, no, 75. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question is that amendment 8035.4 in the name of Alec Rowley, which seeks to amend the motion in the name of the minister. Are we all agreed? Yes. We're not agreed. We'll move to our vote and members be cast those votes now. The result of the vote on the amendment in the name of Alec Rowley is yes, 75, no, 23. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that amendment 8035.1 in the name of Alison Johnson, which seeks to amend the motion in the name of Gene Freeman. Are we all agreed? Yes. We're not agreed. We'll move to division and members be cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 8035.1 in the name of Alison Johnson is yes, 75, no, 23. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is on amendment 8035.3 in the name of Alec Rowley Hamilton, which seeks to amend the motion in the name of Gene Freeman. Are we all agreed? Yes. We're not agreed. We'll move to our vote and members be cast those votes now. The result of the vote on the amendment in the name of Alec Rowley Hamilton is yes, 75, no, 23. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. And our final question is that motion 8035 in the name of Gene Freeman on the rule out of universal credit as amended be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We're not agreed. We'll move to division and members be cast their votes now. The result of the vote on motion 8035 in the name of Gene Freeman as amended is yes, 75, no, 23. There were no abstentions. The motion as amended is therefore agreed. And that concludes decision time. We'll now move to members business in the name of Marie Todd on the Garavalt initiative. We'll just take a few moments for members to change seats.


Hey everybody, what's going on? I'm Greg Sussman, joined today by Megan Eurnia as a fandal. We're gonna break down three big time bull games for this weekend. What's going on, Megan? Not a whole lot, just trying to make some money. You're always trying to make money and so am I in Jim Sannes' as well, especially when you're taking Northwestern as three and a half point favorites against the Auburn Tigers. They're playing on New Year's Day inside the Citrus Bowl. It's a good spot for Northwestern. Yeah, I think that they are out to prove that there's not just brains but bronze at Northwestern and beating in SEC school and the playoffs is just the way to do that.  Sure, their offense leaves something to be desired, but with all of the uncertainty right now around the Auburn program, Gus getting fired, I'm gonna go with this consistent Northwestern team and pray that they force Bowenix to make mistakes and that their defense holds strong like it has done all year. I'm going with the Wildcats minus the three and a half. It's been a really good year for Pat Fitzgerald's team in Northwestern, not so much for Auburn, disappointing you're firing their head coach, but hey, we're in a bowl game. We'll see what kind of power the Big Ten really had this year and we'll see what Northwestern is for you trying to beat an SEC team and hopefully cover those three and a half points. Let's move over to the college football playoffs and let's begin with the Rose Bowl. Alabama taking on Notre Dame and Alabama is crazy. It's a 19 and a half point favorite according to the Fanville Sports Club. We saw Notre Dame fall to Clemson last time out. Alabama, the number one team in the country all year long. Not only do the bookmakers think they could wallop Notre Dame, so do you. You're taking Alabama as a 19 and a half point favorite here. How can be like Nick Saban squad? Not to win because obviously, but 19 and a half points, that's a lot. Yeah, it feels dirty laying that many points in a playoff game, but I'm doing it with Bama. They failed to cover last week at Florida, but I've noticed if Bama does have a weakness, it's a high powered offense and Notre Dame is no Florida. Sure, Notre Dame's defense has been great, but there has not been a defense all year that could stop the tide and I don't think that Notre Dame is going to be the first. I think Ian Book is going to make some big plays, but inevitably it's not going to be enough to keep up with that trio in Jones, Smith and Harris. I think that this game is going to be explosive and Bama, as you said, just wallops Notre Dame. I'm going with the tide. Roll tide says Megan. That's an easy thing for you to say as an LSU fan, but ultimately Nick Saban and Alabama, their offense is too powerful. Notre Dame's not going to be able to keep up. Ryan Kelly's defense not good enough either. Alabama, 19 and a half point favorites right now and a number that they will cover on New Year's Day. The other playoff game on January 1st features Ohio State taking on Clemson and you like a Big Ten team earlier in Northwestern. You like another one here with Ohio State. The Buckeyes are seven and a half point underdogs to Trevor Lawrence and the Clemson Tigers. Ohio State, they've gotten a lot of flack for not playing enough games. Davoswee doesn't believe they should even be here. You're back in Ryan Day squad, how come? Yeah, so obviously it's a lot easier to go six and O than say nine and one like the Clemson Tigers, but I really feel like this is a great spot for Justin Fields. I mean, all of the pressure is on Clemson. This has become a norm for this team to have undefeated seasons. Trevor Lawrence just to be absolutely amazing. Playoffs, championships, all the pressures on them and they are expected to be Ohio State. My thought is this is kind of a revenge game, a revenge spot for this Ohio State team and specifically for Justin Fields. I think he goes out there and leaves it all on the field and I thought this was gonna be more of a three, three and a half point game. I'm seeing a seven and a half now. So I'm jumping all over it and I really think that Ohio State can keep it within that seven and a half of Clemson. Trevor Lawrence versus Justin Fields here in the college football playoffs and NFL draft evaluators dream perhaps the number one and number two overall pick in the NFL draft caught up in just a few months and so much more on the line. As you said, Clemson expected to get to the national title game every year to face off against Alabama, Ohio State. Not really much different, right? They expect to get there as well.  It should be a really good game. The final playoff game on January 1st, Ohio State and Clemson, Megan, back in the Buckeyes. That's gonna be it for us here for this year on the fan bill hurry up. It has been a fantastic, fantastic year. So much more to come in 2021. Megan, I cannot wait. Me either and I will see you next year as corny as that is. For Megan Nunez, for everybody at fan bill, my name is Greg Sosser. Thank you so much for watching us all year long and we'll see you back here on Monday in 2021 for another edition of the fan bill hurry up.


Rydyn ni'n haf oes, a mi dd fel gwnaeth customers a chaf anghymru, a rwy'n cael ei ffordd fath o'r placol, a challwch a chael gyda ni i fynd i'r adres ar y telio. Rwy'n credu ofyctio'r rhai i gael.  O bobl gwybod i ei gwneud, dwi'n gallu tynnu, a dwi'n gallu chyflwch eu gwirio o'r rhywbeth rywfau, bydd hynny mewn ei gwybod i'r sylgr yn mwrd, ond roedd hynny i ni'n ddweud ar gyfer y mae'n gwneud.  Ond byddwn yn ddweud y sgwrdd yn ysgrifennu yn ysgrifennu, dwi'n gael'r pryd yn eich cyfnodol. Dwi'n ddweud ysgrifennu, fel dyna, mae'n gwneud i arddangos y cyfnodol, i ddim yn ysgrifennu ymlaen, a'i ddweud i ei wneud i gael ysgrifennu. Cyfei fyddai gwybod y maen nhw a nhw yn gwneud eich gydig arnau cwanaeth蹝an i'r asunau. Felly hynny'n gasgwch chi'n gweithio gael eu'r llai ddau, ychydig yn y gallu gwneud eich hangf iddyn nhw eich hwn yn yr ysgrifiann fyddion oedd chi'n gweithio eu ddau. Mae'r amser, nad ydych yn gweithio i gael ei gweithio ei ddau yn gweithio eu gwell oedd yn yr ysgrifiann iddyn nhw a'i gweithio i'r ddau. Swet y gallwn i amser, rydyn ni'n gobeithio'n gwel fel ydych chi, a'n swydd eich bod llwyfer iawn. Felly mae'r gaeloedd, rydyn ni'n gweld i chi. Ychwaneg a'r gweithio maeth gyda siariad gweithio, maeth y maeth cysylltu'r rain byddai'r panfyrdd i'r BBC. Felly ei dderbyn yn gorau yn ei cyfo, sydd eich gweithio, ddim yn gweld i'r cyfwbr. Ond, mae'r gweithio'n gyfrifio i'r bod cyfwyrdd i'r gweithio'r eich cyfu'r tan yr unhau. drwswyl sydd rhan o gwasanaeth y bach i'r hyn o'r sîm. Mae'n ffrannu'n meddwl gyda'y'n meddwl yma. Mae'n meddwl cymaint, eithaf bod chi'n meddwl am ffarae, rwy'n meddwl y gallai hynny efallai'r thymau. Mae'n meddwl cullaeth gan y mae'r ddweud mi a'r adegau, os gallwnys ar hynny oes yn ddweud. Efallai yma oes o'r ddweud mewn meddwl ar ddweud. Mae'n meddwl gofan ar gyfer drwswyl mewn meddwl gofyd a'r adeguaeth i'r maes. Roedd o'n cael eu pethau jubwyr yn ystod o'n cilio'r lleiwyr i'r wneud. A oeddwn i'r cilio'r cyffredigol yn cyfrifiadau'r unrhywbeth yn ystod o'r lleiwyr, yn ystod o'r llyfr, mae'n amlŷn iawn o'r wych yn ei wneud. Mae'n cael ei humun o'r bwysig o'r cyffredigol i'w cyffredigol, oherwydd o'r bwysig o'r llyfr yn ystod o'r cyffredigol, oherwydd o'n cyfrifio'r arddangos, grants that the there are there in the media. Certainly in the traditional media. So, Matt, as I said to you, as you know he is the environment correspondent you will be familiar with him. He covered Copenhagen, I know covered Paris. I remember his stories on the withdrawal, the US withdrawal from Paris. But he has been covering this story for many years and you couldn't ac yn rhoi iawn i'r eistedde y gwrsion yma ar y dyfu'rиче ac yn rhoi'r awg wrthod yma yma ar yr ddysgu adael'r Math. Felly y gallwch yn fawr, i weld i chi eisiau hwnnw i'r hirion, yw Matt Osnauchman yw Tipperary. Yr eich ei gadw am ambrangod a'i gwerthio arferfoedd o'r ysgolodau nifer, yw'r gradtwyr o'u cyfran o'r CC. ac mae'n cyfathio'r llunaf yw'r llunaf gyda'r MIT. Mae'n cyfathio'r llunafwynt, mae'n cyfathio. Mae'n cyfathio'r L.I.G.H.T. Felly, rydyn ni'n fawr, rydyn ni'n byw'n gweithio'r llunaf, ac mae'n ymgymellog ywch chi'n cyfathio'r llunaf peirio ar y teimlo i'r cyfathio'r llunaf cyffredinol i'r reisyn o'r uneddiad yng Nghymru yma yn Toronto, i'r 2018. Mae eich mwy ffordd o'r Gwylodraeth, but that would be to take up too much of the time that we want to give to him to address us. Matt Magrath. Thank you very much and you are a very very warm welcome here and thank you very much Alex for a very kind introduction. I hope this thing is on and I can be heard and I'm trying to make my remote control work here and doesn't seem to want to do that right now, so just bear with me one second and get my slides to work. That's your joke there, covering the climate. That's what I'm here to talk about, reporting on climate change, something I've been doing for quite a number of years. It's a tricky and difficult issue as I'm sure you're all aware. We are often in the limelight I suppose about how we report it and often seems to be as much of an issue as the actual issue itself. The glamorous life of BBC reporter is not something I'm very much familiar with, to be honest with you. I love my job, it's great. er gementbwyddoedd gan y cyfnodau am yr hyn? Yr hyn wedi ddechrau ei gysylltiad a dipynnal. Mae nhw'n meddwl'r hynny yw ar yw'r ysglywedd yr oedau. Mae'r amser ymlaen nhw, na fyddwn ddechrau fel ydw amser, Alex Cabstick, gallwn i'r cyfeirio. Ydw y gallwn wedi'u cyfrinddol gyda'i gymhwylo? Mae'r cyfrinddol â'r cyfrinddol i'r cyfrinddol. Mae'r cyfrinddol dros yw'r cyfrinddol. I work for radio TV online. I work for the website, I report on radio and I do TV as well. But obviously a major part of the way that these have changed in the last number of years is that we now produce what we call digital content phrase, gets stuck in my throat sometimes. And what that means is trying to reach newer, younger, different audiences with the range of knowledge that we have. And so the piece I'm going to show you is kind of falls into that category. It's a short piece we made in Katowice in Poland in December. And it's just kind of appealing to a younger audience. The style is slightly different. It's obviously subtitled. And it just gives you a sense of the kind of the way that things are changing right now. I'm very sorry for this. It's the parallels of technology. There's the widget. This giant tortoise organisation is very stormy. It's made up of 200 countries. And I can't go forward on any particular thing, unkind of change, unless every single one of those agree. And I imagine taking 200 of your friends out for dinner and you can only choose one menu item for everyone. That's a big challenge. It's also very divided in this particular organisation. You've got rich countries, poor countries, and the poor countries say, Well, you guys in the rich, you had oil and coal and gas for 200, 300 years. Now you want all of us to give it up just when we're trying to get our citizens out of poverty. That doesn't seem very fair. How do we really come from a fundamentalist understanding of the nature of climate change? It's not something that's happening in 2050 or 2075 or 2100. It's something that's happening right now. We're seeing impacts in wildfires and flooding in the sea level rise. And we're also seeing heat waves in Europe and other rich areas. And a scientist also said we have 12 years basically to really get the grip of this to cover our emissions of carbon. So can we speed up our response? Well, there's three key things that have to come together to ensure that happens through this UN process. One is about finance. Poor countries need more certainty and more money to help them cope with the impacts of climate change. The second thing is called transparency. Rich countries want everybody on the same page. They want everybody who seems to be doing something. They want to be able to check that everybody is doing what they say they're doing. The third element is what's called greater emissions. That means simply bigger, quicker, deeper carbon costs from the richer countries. If all those elements come together, and I think that this process really can speed up over the next couple of years, if this one fails to do that, I think all our futures will be badly affected. So that's the kind of thing we're kind of doing now. I know that's two minutes to explain the very complex UN process, what's going on in the background to it. And that piece worked really well. It was shared widely on social media. It also went on TV as well. So you can see we're kind of moving towards... I know it's a little bit of dead dancing sometimes. You've got these older geezers trying to do these kind of younger stuff. The way we are trying to see it is that a lot of us have that experience and knowledge going back a long time and we want to try and capture that in a way that appeals and can inform younger audiences. That's what we're trying to do really with that kind of thing. As Alex said, I've done a number of fellowships. I think working in this particular field, it's very complex. There's a lot of data, there's a lot of information. I've been looking up to go to MIT and I'm looking up to go to Stanford and York University and other places. The kind of thing that really helps you to stay informed is to go and speak to scientists in places where you're not reporting, where you can sit down and have a conversation with them and really try and get to grips with what they're saying.  As Alex also said, I'm from February. This is my father. He's a beef farmer down there. You can see his nice monkey trousers. He's the kind of guy who would bring me back down to Earth with a bang very quickly. He said, put on a few pounds there, I see. The camera never lies. That kind of thing. Whenever I need to feel, they get back to my roots. He's the man who would do it. Arden has also been, I think, a place where I've learned some key lessons in journalism. One of those I learned a good number of years ago involved Albert Reynolds, the great former Prime Minister and T-shirt of this country. I was sent here in the late 1990s to cover one of the general elections and Albert had been out of power for a couple of years. I went to interview him down in Longford. It took a radio car with me down from Belfast. I went to interview him live down there in Longford. I drove down to Longford, got stuck on the roads, running late, all that kind of stuff. Ran into the Longford Arms Hotel, there's Mr Reynolds here, Mr Reynolds here.  I got my satellite dish up calling London.  I said I've got Albert Reynolds here to do the interview, the live interview on the one o'clock news. And then I had a little tap on my shoulder and says, I think you're looking for me brother. I was Jim Reynolds, Albert Reynolds's older brother who loved nothing more than actually making a fool of a young BBC reporter. He looks like he might, I don't have time to check, I'll just stick him on. That's the way mistakes are made. So that was a good listen I learned here. I'm very keen just to touch on the way that we do find reporting and how the history of this house come about. I found this piece in the New York Times from 1956, written by a man with a wonderful name of Walden Mark Heimfort. And it's a really excellent piece of science. He was born in 1877. He died about a month after this article was written in 1956. And it puts forward this idea, this mad theory that carbon dioxide could account for climactic change. He reports on this guy who said that basically to him the carbon dioxide theory stands up. Though it may take another century of observation and measurement of temperatures to confirm it. Very, very interesting that he would have this insight I guess back in 1956. And of course, what happens, nothing has resolved. Here in Ireland, Irish Times, 1986. Michael Viney's piece in the Irish Times. And I love his opening paragraph, which goes, predicts that the greenhouse effect caused by the bill of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will have pushed up mean global temperatures by one degree Celsius from 1850 to the year 2000 and that the earth can expect an additional warming a few degrees over the next century. I mean, you could write that today. It was prescient and brilliant. What I also like about this story is the headline, for A Little Ice Age. And Michael Viney's last sentence in this piece says, contacted biologist Dr Edward Fahey and he doesn't believe the greenhouse theory and we're heading for a little ice age. And so we get into this situation straight away from the earliest reporting of these stories where we get sub editors and editors conflicting with the body of the actual evidence. So the story isn't about heading for a little ice age, it's about the fact that the world is warming. And it kind of sets the scene for what's happened over the last 20 years or so or we have editors who are unsure about the science of the story wanting to be, to cover all bases by actually having climate and virus, climate skeptics, people with critical voices giving them equal weight with scientists who are saying there's an issue. And this is across all media. It's across, you know, the BBC has certainly seen that. Newspapers have seen it. It's been widespread in the world. And in the BBC there were a number of complaints at various times taken about the appearance of Nigel Lawson on radio programmes when he would appear with a scientist. And, you know, programme producers getting criticised for basically equating an economist essentially with a scientist. And, you know, that practice ultimately led to a couple of inquiries and internal inquiries in the BBC. And, you know, we moved on to a kind of a position now where we don't have to do that anymore. There's the climate sceptical voice. We don't have to represent the climate sceptical voice with every piece we do about climate change. It's been widespread as well in the world. And it's become to the situation now where the BBC is moving on to do even more and using across the BBC's biggest asset, David Attenborough, to do a programme about climate change which is going to be on in the next couple of months. He's going to present this landmark climate change and it's going to be called Climate Change The Facts.  It'll be about what scientists say is happening and what can be done about it. So these to me represent kind of big changes in the way that the world and the BBC has moved on in particular. And I think, you know, it's interesting to see that thing with David Attenborough happening at a time when the world has changed so much. And in 2018 we may look back at it and say, this was the time that everything really changed when it comes to climate change and the environment. We have record temperatures in Ireland and the UK and scientists looked at those in attribution studies and said actually, you know, these temperatures we had last year, they were made much more likely by the fact that there's warming in the world. We also had this remarkable Greta Thunberg from Sweden and the outpouring of young people everywhere, cutting through the crap if you like and just going straight, what are you guys doing to our planet? And this movement spreads so quickly and is gaining such traction in so many parts of the world. And as well as that last year we also had the report that woke up the world which was the report from the IPCC Global Warming 1.5 degrees which was released in Korea last October. We were very uncertain about this report before it came out because we had to commit people to go there and report on it and it cost money and all that sort of thing. Was it going to have the impact? Was this the one that we should be jumping up and down about? And we came to the view that it was. And we got very lucky in a sense because there was a kind of a weekend window of no news in the world from Donald Trump wasn't tweeting and there was nothing happening with Brexit. And this story kind of grew and stuck and stayed current for 24 hours. And I wrote a story on it. And this story was read by 4 million people. It was shared on social media 775,000 times. That's one of the most shared stories we've had in the last two or three years. And the interesting thing from our perspective was the amount of time people were spending on reading this story. They were not just casually quickly flicking out it. They were going through it. They were looking at it. They were reading it. They were coming back to it. And so we could see from that kind of thing that it came as a surprise to us that there was such an appetite for this type of material. So what I'm saying is that in the way that we've covered the story now climate change is emerging. It's coming top-of-the-news agenda pretty much all the time now. And the question of these planetary issues is coming up as well. You'll have all seen the reports from Mozambique last week about Cyclone Idai. I just want to play a little bit of video. Faril Keen, obviously, is our Africa editor. He went out there and he was covering out. But we got into the climate question very, very quickly. And you can just have a little bit of an idea about how we covered and how we're getting to that question. You know? He didn't want to do that. Sorry about that. I'll have to go back and see if that works now. Good evening. It's feared hundreds of thousands of people are homeless after what's thought to be one of the worst natural disasters to hit Africa. Cyclone Idai struck the coast of East Africa four days ago swamping Mozambique's Zimbabwe and Malawi. The United Nations says that the world has yet to realise the full scale of the massive disaster. The storm made landfall on the coast of Mozambique bringing 100 mile per hour winds and floodwaters that were swept inland. No one knows how many people may have died. The Red Cross says urgent aid is needed. In a moment, Shingai and Yoko reports from Zimbabwe. But first, our Africa editor, Faril Keen, is in the port city of Barra in Mozambique, which has been flattened. Whatever once lay here has been overwhelmed. Now the flooded land is an expanse of questions. What has become of those who lived here? Only a silence below. And very occasional moments of reprieve. These survivors landing at Barra airport rescue some high ground near their submerged village. Driving into the city we saw how nature's full, awesome force had ripped through homes and lives. 90% of this city has suffered destruction. And you see it in the roads and in faces. Some food aid is now being distributed. But the relief effort is still nowhere near what's needed. Everything the storm could destroy, it did. And there is an ominous sense that the tragedy we have seen so far foreshadows much worse to come. Faril Keen, BBC News and Barra. Mae Sansa Oedys Davieshwyr yn join me now such terrible destruction over such large parts of Africa. Is climate change to blame? It's impossible to answer that directly tonight, but I know that scientists have started working on that and will give us an answer in the next few weeks, I think. But there are two ways in which climate change may have made the disaster worse. One is that we're seeing the level of the sea rise bit by bit, year by year, as the ocean's born, and as the ice sheets start to melt. And that means that when you get the big waves of a storm surge, they're better able to reach further inland and cause more destruction. And at the same time, as you're getting global warming, warmer air can hold more moisture, which means that when you get rainstorms, the rain falls much more intensely. We've seen that in Mozambique in this disaster, adding to the flooding in a very vulnerable country. The thing about this is that when we've done reports of that disaster before, there's normally maybe three or four days go by before we ask the question of whether it's time to change to blame here. And here we are, we're asking that question very early on. And this is a very difficult, this little cyclone. It isn't like a simple linear relationship in terms of what's going on here. The science behind it is actually very complicated. So I think it's interesting that we're seeing this kind of change happening in the way that we're broadcasting news right now and going to these stories very quickly. So I just want to touch on some of the things that are coming up that I think are kind of important in the next while and I think will be on top of our agenda going forward and how they will feed into what we're doing. And I think a number of them are kind of obvious. So the conference of the parties, this climate, big climate conference happens every year. That's where the Paris Agreement is signed in Paris. We just had one in the whole of the last year of the catavita. These things are really becoming kind of a focal point forward, a discussion about climate around the world. More and more scientists are going to the Cops to present evidence there, reports are being released there. The number of young people that were at the Cops last year was just incredible. I've been to most of them over the last ten years. This was incredible. It's coming to this really big forum for discussion of all sorts. And it will be interesting next year because in 2019 we're seeing the Cops in Chile, but next year in 2020 the UK is very keen to host it. Italy wants to host it as well. We're going to be in one of those countries and it'll be a big moment in time as to whether countries will take on greater commitments and will put their hands up and say we will do more and how much more they will do. And it'll be a time of kind of reckoning in some respects and we'll have clearer science about where we're up to and how much more time we've got. So I think the rise in the Cops will certainly be something that's going to happen. Also the IPCC, we had the IPCC come out last year with the 1.5 report. This year there are two reports coming out. One on the impact of climate change on food production and one on the impact on the oceans. And these are both going to be pretty significant reports as well and I think they'll keep that agenda up there very, very high. And the IPCC in 2021 is going to produce its next assessment report, which is its overall assessment of the climate following on from 2007, 2013, 2021. And that will be a key moment. They'll have better models. They'll be able to give greater levels of certainty and I think that will be a very, very big moment as well. Also this year we're seeing the intergovernmental panel on biodiversity and environmental services. They're producing a big report on nature basically. What's the state of nature? Where are we up to? It's their first big report since 2005 on this. I think this would be very, very important in understanding not just about climate change but how we're impacting the planet generally in terms of species. And I think also we're facing into very, very tough decisions for governments everywhere. Particularly governments like Ireland and the UK as well. We've had the easy bits. We've seen the easy stuff on climate change. Now we're into the hard bits, which are transportation and agriculture. They're the really difficult bits and there's no easy solutions to those. So governments have a lot of thinking to do about where they go with this. I do feel that kind of multiple factors are coming together. We're seeing this kind of rise of student aggression, student anger. I love the sign here, keep the earth clean. It's not yourness. No broadcaster ever wants to mention never to be mentioned again. But we're seeing what's happened with plastics. Look how the world has changed in terms of how we conceive of and treat plastics in five years or so. Even in the last two years we've gone from a world where we know plastics is an issue where somebody's doing something about it. Becoming right there in our faces is a real, real issue. We're seeing something similar happening now with clothing questions of fast fashion. Where are we going to with that? There's a whole range of them. Food production. You know, not just whether we should make subsidising farmers to grow to make more milk or milk powder or whatever it is, whether or not we should be using palm oil and the products that are making population growth and migration. All these questions are coming up in the extraction industries. There's almost like a rising sense that can we continue to extract more materials from the world to do something with it and should that now be much higher up the agenda. This question is equity and fairness. I think that some respects have become intermingled together. I think it is something that we're seeing basically some politicians are recognising this as an opportunity and they're both the left and the right, I think. So in the United States you've got Alexandria Ocasio Cortez. I mean, it's bizarre to think that just a year ago she was working in a restaurant as a bartender. Now she's interrogating politicians in Congress and putting them under amazing pressure and getting, I mean, she's very impressive as a politician in that respect. But the policy she's advocating, the Green New Deal, if anybody in the United States had said a couple of years ago, I've got a plan I want the United States to decarbonise in 10 years. They didn't kind of laugh out of the room. Now you've got almost all the Democratic potential contenders for president in 2020 saying we want to back the Green New Deal or we want to take major elements of that. There's a major shift in mindset going on there. The other politician for whom there's a big significant, I don't know if he's still the Secretary of State for an environment that might have changed in the last number of while, Michael Gove, who's been very energetic in that role and has recognised for the Conservative party going forward past Brexit, that having some sort of green agenda is a real way of tapping into those middle class voters that they want. So he's recognised, Alexander Craton-Cortez is also, some people are recognising it as that. So I feel personally that to me the big dominant new story of the future is this question of our planet, the future of our one and only planet is the new story that we all I feel is really emerging as our major new story. And I think it's important in that and I'm going to leave you with kind of a final thought on why journalism is important in that because it's not just saying oh gosh it's all terrible and it's really bad and we're all going to die and all the rest. It is about finding solutions, but it's also about telling some truths that are not necessarily that palatable. One of the examples I like to use I can get it to work is George W. Bush and his role in the Paris Climate Agreement. And it's hard to maybe reconcile that with the way things have gone, but you know, the way that the Paris Agreement works, the key element of it, the bottom-up as opposed to top-down approach was pioneered by Bush and his guys back in 2007. Now they didn't necessarily want to make this happen but that idea came from them because it did. That's my plug for journalism that actually has a role to play in telling some important truths. So as I said, I'm very grateful to have had the opportunity to speak to you guys. I'm happy to take questions. I'll do my best to answer them. Thank you very much indeed.