Let us have a look at how we incorporate the constraints due to instantaneous turn. There are two types of turns, a sustained turn and instantaneous turn. In an instantaneous turn, we allow the aircraft to lose the altitude or reduce the speed if needed to achieve a higher turn rate. The requirements specified are as mentioned, we need a turn rate of minimum 18 degrees per second while operating at 6 kilometers or 6000 meters above mean sea level. At a Mach number of 0.9, CL max is given as 1.0 and the aircraft weight is equal to the maneuver weight. So, the data is as mentioned in the screen and the maneuver weight was already calculated as the weight of the aircraft with the half the fuel and the armaments gone, but the missile and the gun available. The CL max at turn is obtained from the basic aerodynamic model which as we know is 1.0. So, the assumptions are that the CL max at turn is 1.0 and now we need to calculate beta, rho, A, V and Q. To calculate beta, we need to know what is going to be the aircraft weight at this condition. We can assume it to be 0.8. The density will come from the ISA table at 6000 meters, either you can calculate it using the standard methods or you can look up the ISA table. Once you know the altitude, you know the ambient temperature and hence you know the sonic speed. Once sonic speed is known because Mach number is known, you can calculate the value V and once density and V are known, you can calculate dynamic pressure Q which is half rho V square. So, at this stage, take a pause and calculate these values. The beta comes straight away from the ratio of W maneuver upon W takeoff and the other parameters come from the standard values from the atmospheric table. Moving on, if this is the top view of an aircraft undergoing an instantaneous turn of radius R, then we see that the omega or the angular velocity V by R is equal to V upon and R will be V square by G root n square minus 1 where n is the vertical load factor. Rearranging, we get omega is equal to G root n square minus 1 upon V. So, here we must note that if you want to have large omega, you should either have a lower velocity V or a higher value of load factor n z that is n. So, rearranging this expression in terms of the psi which is actually omega and again rearranging because we need to know the value of n. So, the d omega by dt or the turn rate psi dot actually is given as 18 degrees per second which is 0.3141 radians per second and the V was also specified which turns out to be 284.77 meter per second by our calculations. So, at this point I think you can just look at the formula on the top right of the screen and calculate the value of n because psi dot is also given and V is also given G is the constant. So, by putting in the numbers we get the value of n as 9.176. In other words, this aircraft is pulling a G of 9.176 when it undergoes an 18 degree per second turn under these conditions. Now, we also know that the load factor n in a turn would be the dynamic pressure q times C l upon the wing loading W by s. Hence, we can see that the load factor is directly connected to the wing loading. So, putting in the value of n and q and C l, you can rearrange and calculate the value of W by s. And remember you will have to put beta in this expression in the denominator because you need to be sure that you get the value at W T o by s. Putting in those values we get the required W T o by s to be less than equal to 508.54 kg per meter square. Let us move ahead to the next requirement which is the maximum Mach number. This is also specified in the constraints as a maximum value of 2 while operating at very high altitude of 20,000 meters or 20 kilometers above mean C level with the weight equal to the maneuvering weight and the afterburner permitted. So, that is why it is a thrust is wet. Moving ahead, if you want to look at maximum Mach number, it is actually obtainable if you put the specific excess power equal to 1 with load factor n equal to 1 in level flight. The other parameters are already given in the requirements. So, we have to get the values of CD0 and K1 as mentioned from the aerodynamic data and we know that under these conditions the corresponding values are specified. Beta we have last calculated in the last example at the maneuver weight the beta is 0.5845. The value of alpha which is the thrust ratio thrust lapse ratio here it would be actually more than 1 because we are going to go for an afterburner. So, we have this term 1 plus 0.7 m. So, with this information I think it is enough for you to calculate the values of density rho at 20 kilometers. Alpha using the expression rho by rho naught because you can get the value of rho at 20 kilometers from the atmospheric tables. Since you know the value of T you can get the value of A and once you know A and you know the Mach number you can get the value of V. Once you know V and rho you can get half rho V square that is Q. So, take a pause at this place pause the video and do these calculations. If you really want to practice and learn you need to do these calculations yourself. So, putting in the values as mentioned these are the numbers we get for the various parameters. Moving ahead the maximum Mach number calculations. So, we know that the specific excess power is 0 in case of level unaccelerated flight. So, therefore 1 by V dh by dt plus 1 by g dv by dt term in the master equation will vanish. So, therefore the master equation will simply become as shown in the screen. And it can be considered as a standard form of a constant A divided by the wing loading W by S and another constant B into W by S. So, at this point I think we can calculate the values of A and B using the values of beta, Q, CD0, alpha and k1, n, beta and Q to calculate the value of B. So, pause the video at this stage and do calculate these values. What we get is that A is 333.519 and B is 4.0716 into 10 power minus 4. Putting this in the expression we can get an equation that relates T by W versus W by S and that will give you the corresponding values. So, what we see here is that if you want to fly the aircraft up to Mach number 2, then to have a reasonable value of thrust to weight ratio you need to have very high wing loading. So, the wing loading the thrust to weight ratio would be 1 if you have a wing loading of 400 and correspondingly you can calculate the values for other conditions. Moving ahead let us look at how the maximum climb rate requirement would affect in the constraint diagram. It is specified in the requirements that the maximum climb rate is 160 meters per second at the max takeoff weight while flying the aircraft at 500 knots under ISA conditions. And in this case we assume that the aircraft is not able to use the afterburner. So, it is dry thrust condition. So, putting all these values we can get a list of the data as mentioned in the screen. Once again the values of K1 and CD0 have to be obtained from the aerodynamic data and as per our previous information the values are as shown there CD0 is 0.0243 and K1 is equal to 0.121. Now since we are just at takeoff weight therefore beta is equal to 1 since we are not allowed any afterburner alpha is equal to 1 at sea level. And since it is unaccelerated therefore N is also equal to 1 and the rho is the density at sea level which is 1.225 kg per meter cube. With this information we can calculate the forward speed V and the value of dynamic pressure Q. The forward speed V can be obtained easily by converting 500 knots in 2 meters per second. And once you know that half rho V square will give you the value of Q. So, you should pause the video at this stage and do these 2 calculations. Let us move ahead. So, the values obtained would be 257.36 meter per second for the speed and 4137.34 kg per meter square for the dynamic pressure. So, continuing further we know that the ROC is equal to dH by dt and you know if it is unaccelerated then dV by dt is going to be 0. So, the master equation will have a 0 value for the last term which is 1 by g dV by dt. Now once again you have an expression between T by W and W by S except that there is now an additional term. So, there will be a constant term which will be 1 by V dH by dt. So, that constant term would be C and the value of A and B has to be calculated as earlier. But remember that the conditions are different. Therefore, the values of Q, beta, CD naught, etc. have changed. So, please pause the video at this stage and do calculate these values. So, once we calculate the values we can see that they are obtained as shown in the screen. Now, putting these numbers in the expression for T by W as a function of W by S, you can get many combinations of W by S and T by W that just meet the constraint. So, what we see here again is that if you want to have a reasonably good climb rate of let us say 160 meters per second as in this case, then to have reasonable values of thrust to weight ratio, you need to have higher values of wing loading. So, as the values of wing loading are increasing, the thrust to weight ratio required is decreasing. Now, so far we have used the master equation for all the constraint calculations, but there are a couple of constraints that need to be calculated without the master equation. These are the takeoff and the landing roll. So, for takeoff ground roll, the requirements specified are as mentioned below, we want it to be within 1000 meters while operating from an airport which is at 1 kilometer above mean sea level. And from aerodynamic information, we know that the maximum CL at takeoff is 1.27 and you are allowed to use off-terburner. So, this information is inserted in our database and obtaining the CL max at takeoff as 1.27 from the aerodynamic information. And since we are using the sea level conditions and just at the takeoff condition, therefore beta is equal to 1 and alpha is equal to 1, with this you can calculate the value of t and rho. So, the value of rho, but this is at 1 kilometer above mean sea level. So, you need to invoke the ISA table and get the values of t and from there the value of density rho. Moving ahead, we have a simple equation for the takeoff ground roll which comes straight away from the fact that the takeoff velocity is 1.2 times V stall. Therefore, we have this term 1.44 which corresponds to V square, 1.2 square. And you notice that there is WTO square on the numerator and we have t and s on the denominator. So, by a simple rearrangement, we can get t by W is equal to a constant expression times W by s. So, with this, if you insert the values of STO which is specified CL max which is also known rho which is calculated at 1.44 being a constant, you get a simple relationship between t by W and W by s. Notice that this relationship is linear. It is linear. So, you can easily calculate the value of the constant A which is 1.44 divided by rho CL max STO. Take some time to pause the video and calculate this number. It turns out to be as shown on the screen. With this, you can get a linear equation combination between W by s and t by W. So, what we notice here is that if you want to have a low value of t by W, then the wing loading also has to be low. So, we notice here that there is a direct combination. If you increase the wing loading, then you also have to increase the t by W value to achieve the corresponding requirement. Similarly, we have another last requirement to be considered which is the landing ground role. The landing ground role again is specified. Here the conditions are identical as the previous case except that the CL at landing because of larger angle of lap deflection is 1.43. Otherwise, the requirement is same 1000 meters at an airport which is at 1000 meters above mean sea level under the ISA conditions. So, we reproduce the data from the requirements which have been specified. And for the CL max, we use that information which is available from the aerodynamic calculations alpha equal to 1 and beta equal to 1. We are assuming the value of mu roll as 0.5 which is the typical value for the runways which the military operates. And for ease in calculation, let us assume that the drag and the lift acting during landing is 0.  So, with this all you need to do is to calculate rho. But hold on, why do we need to calculate? Because in the previous calculation for the take off ground role, we have obtained the value of rho for the same conditions. So, therefore we do not need to calculate, we just have to look back, you can copy and take it from there. So, moving ahead, we have this long expression for the landing distance calculation. This particular expression has been already derived in the lecture on constraint analysis. If you have not seen the lecture, I would request you to go back and have a look at that. The number 1.69 comes because of the fact that it is 1.3 times the V stall from safety point of view. So, putting d land equal to 0, putting l land equal to 0, you can get a very simple expression in which you have on the left hand side w by s and on the right hand side, we do not have anything to do with the thrust. Because during landing ground role, we do not expect the reverse thrust to be considered. Although we can put reverse thrust and reduce it, but from safety point of view, it is assumed that we should calculate this value without the reverse thrust available to us. So, therefore landing ground role is a constraint that depends only on w by s, like the ceiling and like the stalling that we have seen earlier in the lecture. So, therefore, s land, rho, cl land, mu roll and beta are all available to us. So, with this, you can easily calculate the w by s that will exactly give you the required distance. So, hence if s land cannot increase the value of 1000, w by s cannot increase a particular value. That value is 470.53. So, we conclude that the landing ground role puts a constraint that the wing loading should be less than or equal to 470.53 kg per meter square. So, now what we will do is, we are going to plot the constraint diagram by superimposing all these constraint lines one by one. So, first we have on the x axis w by s in kg per meter square and on the y axis, we have t by w which is dimensionless. And we have plotted this line for the maximum Mach number. And the area below this line happens to be infeasible and the area above this line is feasible. On this we superimpose the line corresponding to the maximum climb rate. Once again we see that the area above the blue line is feasible and below that is infeasible. But what we observe is that this line is completely below the red line, which means that in the current problem, the constraint on the climb rate is not really very serious. In fact, if you meet the constraint on the maximum Mach number, automatically you would have met the constraint for the climb rate. So, therefore, you could say that for the current problem, but not for every problem in the current problem, it so turns out that the maximum climb rate constraint is actually ineffective. Similarly, the next constraint you have is the constraint for supersonic turn. So, we see that there is an intersection with the blue line and the area below this line is infeasible. So, while this line also is completely below the red line, it also means that the supersonic turn is not really very demanding as far as this aircraft is concerned. Another constraint is on subsonic turn, oh that is far less demanding. So, it is actually below all these lines. So, subsonic turn requirement actually can be better than what is specified in the minimum. Then you have specific excess power. Once again, we find that it is not really a demanding constraint, because that line is also immersed completely below the first three lines. And finally, we have the line for takeoff, which also is not at all a demanding constraint in this case. See, we do not know this thing a priori. So, we need to do these calculations and only at the end you come to know which constraint is more important or not. Just by tightening a particular constraint, I can make that constraint as more binding. Now, these were the constraints that depended on the values of both thrust to weight ratio and wing loading. So, since we have lines between these two, which are either curved or straight, we can clearly understand that all these constraints, as you see on the screen, they depend on W by S and T by W together. But there are some constraints which depend only on T by W and only on W by S. Now, for a military aircraft, the constraints which depend on T by W alone are not normally active. So, we will not, we have not even got those values in our constraint table. But this vertical line corresponds to the constraint on the instantaneous turn, due to which the area on the right of this line is infeasible. So, this particular vertical line is the first constraint that depends only on W by S, the instantaneous turn specified. And then we have a landing constraint. So, it turns out that the constraint on landing in this case is more critical than constraint on the instantaneous turn as far as the vertical line is concerned. So, if you meet the constraint for the landing, you have automatically met the constraint for the instantaneous turn. But there is another constraint which is on the stalling speed. And it turns out that that is more important in this case compared to the other two. So, if you see now, we have all the 9 constraints now on the diagram. So, now the feasible region would be the area on the left of the vertical red line corresponding to stalling speed and the area above the red line corresponding to the constraint on the maximum Mach number. So, therefore, in the constraint diagram, this is the complete constraint diagram for all the constraints put together. And we have this intersection point, which is the point that corresponds to just meeting all the constraints, the value of wing loading and thrust to weight ratios are as mentioned. But we would not choose this point as our design point, we would choose the design point to be the one that has got some margin, margin for future growth, margin for increase in the weight of the aircraft, margin for increased performance requirement. So, what is prudent is to choose a point that is slightly above and slightly on the left of this point such as something like this. So, just to round off the numbers, I have taken the design point to be with a wing loading of approximately 4.5 kg per meter square around 10% wing loading better. And I have taken it 0.02 as the margin in thrust to weight ratio. So, I have taken the design point to be 428 kg per meter square and thrust to weight ratio of 0.98. So, this is how we obtain the values of the thrust to weight ratio and the wing loading that meet all our constraints. Now, let us see, we have done these calculations for the F-16C aircraft and we need to really have an idea that all these classroom calculations, how far are we from the reality. So, let us have a look, this is the actual specifications of F-16C aircraft. In this particular table, the L, B and H stands for the length, the wingspan and the height respectively. And we also have some information regarding the performance of the aircraft. We have incorporated the constraint on the rate of climb and also on the maximum Mach number. But combat radius, ferry range, service ceiling we have not considered because it was not given to us in our constraint table. The actual wing loading of this aircraft and the actual thrust loading is as shown, 431 and 0.98 with F-100 and little bit higher with F-110 engine. And the value that we got by our basic calculations was very near to that. So, what it shows is that the calculation that we have done are not very far away from reality. In actual aircraft design, far more serious and critical constraints might be considered in the constraint diagram, but this is just an example. Let us also look a little bit about the armament of F-16 aircraft. This aircraft has a large amount of option for carrying armament as you can see in this figure. But the standard ammunition that is fitted on the wing tips of this aircraft is the AIM-120 advanced medium range air to air missile or AMRAM. AIM-120 is a missile which as I said it is a standard fit on this aircraft. As you can see, it has an antenna in the front and the nose cone which is transfer into the antenna so that you can travel towards your target. It has batteries and transmitters. Then there is a inertial reference unit which allows you to measure at what rates you are turning. There is a target detection device and there is an armament section which is the charge. It is powered by a rocket motor and there are actuators available on the rear to maneuver the missile so that it can hit the target. So, here is an example of how this missile is mounted and fitted at the tip of the, you can see actually two of them, but the one at the extreme tip is the one that I am talking about the AMRAM AIM-120 missile. Here is the data related to this particular missile. You can see that the warhead in this missile is approximately 23 kilograms and it weighs around 152 kilograms. It is quite heavy. It can travel at Mach number 4 and it has a range of 75 kilometers. So, if you want to outmaneuver this particular missile, you have to ensure that you are away by at least 75 kilometers. Otherwise, it is going to come at you at Mach 4 and it is very difficult to survive. So, let us have a look at the small video clip showing how this particular missile works. So, you can see the missile on the wing tips mounted here and there it is released proceeding at Mach number 4 and there is another video that will show the firing of the missile and here is a capture of the missile hitting the target. Another very interesting weapon that is mounted in this aircraft as a standard fit is the Vulcan M61 Vulcan Air-to-Air Cannon, Air-to-Ground Cannon. You can see that this particular cannon is actually quite heavy, it is around 120 kilograms and it fires 20 mm dia bullets, each of the bullet is around 250 grams and it fires at the rate of, it can fire at the rate of 6600 rpm. Normally, it is fired around 4000 rpm. So, this is another very interesting weapon that is installed as a standard fit on the F-16C aircraft. Thanks for your attention.


So Cervantes is commonly considered the first modern novelist, but his influence is generally seen in comic and the pick a risk. I wanna argue that throughout Don Quixote, there is a profound engagement with social class, money, love, sex, and social isolation, which are all the themes that pervade the modern novel. And at the end, I wanna connect what Cervantes has to say about this to some observations of Henry James. But the first volume of Don Quixote can be divided into a series of metaphors for narrative itself. At the beginning of the novel, for example, Don Quixote is primarily traveling on a road and has encounters with other travelers. The road is a common metaphor for life and for narrative and it implies a linear account. The Sierra Morena provides a completely different metaphor for narrative. The topography is different. In place of the flat straight roads of La Mancha, we have a confused landscape in which it's easy to get lost. It's a labyrinth and the mountains are a good representation for Don Quixote's own madness, especially because they're also the place where another madman obsessed with novels of Chivalry, Cardeño also lives. In contrast to the linear account which the novel begins with, time in the mountains folds in on itself, stories are interrupted and resumed, Don Quixote and Sancho are separated, new characters are introduced, and it's hard to tell just how much time is going by. So those are two other metaphors. The one I wanna concentrate on is the in. And because of its relationship to travel, it has some resemblances to the road, it's a place where different life journeys intersect, people come together and then drift apart. But ins have a different relationship to the journey because they're also, they're the places where we have to interrupt our headlong journeys through life and be reminded of the necessity to conform with the cyclical demands of the body, the daily demands for food, rest, and sleep.  The first in episode is in chapter two. During Don Quixote's first day on the road, he rode almost all that day and nothing worthy of note happened to him until he and his horse found themselves exhausted and half-dead with hunger. Looking for somewhere to spend the night, Don Quixote season in, which he interprets as a castle.  Talking to the maidens, Don Quixote says, flee not, dear ladies, fear no villainous act from me, giving them and us as readers for the first time an instance of his pseudo-archaic Spanish. But like uninitiated modern readers, my students the first time they run up against this, the maidens can't understand him, forcing the innkeeper to intervene. And by the time that the landlord has taken Rosinante to the stable, the girls have started to remove Don Quixote's armor which fulfills a fantasies that he has from his reading of other novels. Ordering a meal, Don Quixote says, the toil and weight of arms cannot be borne if one does not control the stomach. And he orders a meal of trout that turns out to be undersoked cod. During his dinner he's forced to drink through an improvised straw because he was unable to remove his helmet. The dinner is interrupted when he asks his host to promise to dub him a night and to allow him to pass the night in the castle chapel praying over his armor. The innkeeper, who's well versed in chivalry, replies appropriately saying that the castle doesn't have a chapel, but it's okay to pray in the courtyard. And the next time to bring money with which to pay for his food and lodging. Don Quixote agrees to spend the night outside to the amusement of the others, but he gets into an altercation with another guest, a mulleteer, a mule driver, who attempts to move the armor in order to reach the well and get water for his charges. Don Quixote gives the man a blow with his lance, his companions, the man's companions proceed to rain stones in Don Quixote, and the innkeeper fearing for the death of his guest intervenes and restores peace. Using an account book as a prop in Don Quixote's own sword, mumbling mumbo jumbo, he performs the ritual, nighting Don Quixote and sends him on his way. Now I've summarized this episode in some detail because it provides us with all of what will prove to be the principal features of the inn episodes. First, there's a concern with physical needs. Don Quixote needs to eat, drink, rest and sleep in this episode. And the biological nature of these wants is emphasized by his sharing them with his horse and the other animals that also need to eat, drink, sleep. For humans at least, night is also the primary time for coupling and the sexual theme is suggested by the prostitutes at the entrance to the inn who morph into damsels that suggestively undress the night. Courtly language and manners is another theme of this episode. This is the first encounter with Don Quixote's pseudo antique Spanish. And another common scene will be Don Quixote getting into a fight with someone who doesn't observe the rules of chivalry. In contrast to this is the innkeeper's ability because of his knowledge of novels to enter in and out of Don Quixote's world and therefore manipulate him. Finally, money comes up when the innkeeper gives Don Quixote the advice about that even knights need to have money. The next in the episode is in chapters 16 and 17. And I'm just going to cut to the chase of the important themes here. This happens after Marcela gives a speech about her devotion to chastity. And then immediately after that, Rocinante, Don Quixote, of course, tries to mate with some mares. And he's driven away by the owners of the mares who don't want their horses to get pregnant by such a bad looking sire. So there's three main incidents at this inn. And the first one is when Don Quixote is in bed asleep, there's, again, a military in the neighboring bed and he's made a deal with chambermaid, Maritornes, to come in during the night. Don Quixote thinks that Maritornes is coming in to seduce her, gives her him, gives her a big speech about why he can't be seduced because he has to remain faithful to Dulcinea. The military gets jealous. He thinks Don Quixote is trying to seduce Maritornes and there's a big fight ensues. The second memorable scene then is that the next morning, Don Quixote and Sancho are more injured than ever. And Don Quixote begs the ingredients to prepare a potion that cures all illnesses, all injuries. And when he and Sancho drink this, they both vomit, they both get diarrhea, Don Quixote passes out. And then finally, when Sancho and Don Quixote say they can't pay, Sancho is put on a blanket and tossed up and down in the air and meanwhile the innkeeper steals something from Sancho's saddlebags as payment. So we have the themes of sleep, of Don Quixote's language, of a sexual episode which is interrupted. We have money. We have the opposite of controlling your stomach when Don Quixote and Sancho have diarrhea and vomit on one another. And these are, again, the themes that come up in all the in episodes. Now this brings us to the third in episode which takes 30% of the first part. And so we can't examine it in much detail, but we can follow the ways in which these themes are developed. So beginning with the question of language. In contrast to the earlier episodes in which Don Quixote was generally incomprehensible, here he's presented as a model of eloquence. And the earlier members of the inn's household who were not familiar with chivalry, it turns out that they're all readers of these novels too. The innkeeper likes the battle scenes. His daughter likes the love letters that knights write to their ladies. And even Maritornes, who can't read, but likes to hear these things read to her, likes the love scenes. To the degree that they all love the books of chivalry, they can all sympathize with Don Quixote, but with one crucial difference. They're not mad. They can distinguish the fantasy of what they read from the reality that they live in. Sleep also naturally plays an important part in this episode. And as soon as the travelers arrive at the inn, Don Quixote goes to bed and remains asleep throughout the entire episode, or much of the episode. But even a sleeping Don Quixote can be dangerous. And in the middle of the night, he wakes up and claims he's been fighting a giant. This turns out to be some wine skins that he has mistakes for a giant. And the wine that comes out of them, he interprets as blood. And it reminds us of all the earlier fights that he's had with giants. But desire is the most pervasive force at the inn, sublimated from the prostitutes of the earlier episode to a sentimental quadrangle represented by Cardenio, Dorotea, Fernando, and Lucinda. But these four sums are not the only lovers at the inn. No sooner have their relationship been resolved, their conflicts, than another pair of guests arrive, a Spanish soldier and his mysterious but beautiful Moorish companion. His story is not primarily one of love, but it's his account entirely to be trusted. Sorayda, the Moorish maid he travels with, her father thinks that she has fled to Christian lands because women there have more freedom. And then there's another pair of young lovers, Clara and Luis. And the entire episode is framed by the reading out loud of a very sexual story, that of the Curioso Impertinente. Thus the entire third in episode is permeated by suggestions of illicit sexual activity. But these are raised from the lower level of society, prostitutes and militeers, chambermaids, to the higher levels, noblemen. If sex pervades the episode, so too does money. The innkeeper is now well compensated for the cost of lodging Don Quixote, even for the destruction of the wine skins. Fernando, a Duke's son, is respected not just for his ancestors, social class, but also for his wealth. But the preoccupation with money also extends to the ideological level of the novel. Don Quixote gives a speech praising arms over letters and everyone agrees with him that the soldier is superior to the man of letters because the soldier sacrifices more. But in real life, they prefer the man of letters because of his potential to make money as a lawyer or a merchant. As the episode ends, we are left wondering, are Cardenio and Lucinda cured of their passivity? Fernando, the Duke's son of his philandering, will Dorotea find happiness as his wife? Will the captive settle down and prosper? Will Soraida, the Moorish woman, find spiritual satisfaction as a Christian? What will happen to the young lovers, Luis and Clara? We never know the answers to these questions because the resolutions offered by the coincidences at the end are merely temporary. The Serpentine universe is ultimately rather lonely and the sense of community always fleeting. This is reinforced by the final narrative metaphor. Don Quixote, who arrived at the end triumphantly as a knight errant, leaves it in a cage where in a cage where he nearly soils himself until he's finally allowed to leave so he can take care of his bodily functions. The cage is the ultimate physical symbol of isolation and anticipation of that final journey that no one can undertake for us. So the themes of the in episodes are significant because they elucidate its role in the genealogy of the novel. It's easy to think of Don Quixote as the ancestor of the comic novel or the modern pick-arrest novel or the adventure novel or even the modern self-conscious novel. Novels can indeed be written about many different things, about hunting for a great white whale, about floating down the Mississippi on a raft, about war, about sailing around the world, and so on. And we can see how Don Quixote could be related to each of these stories. But the privileged grounds for the novel from Richardson through Austin and Thackeray, Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, Galdos, Clarine, Hawthorne, Henry James, John Updike are the themes foregrounded in the in episodes of the Quixote, the intersections of love and sex, money and social class. And Cervantes gives us a poetics for the novel when the priest responds to the tale of the curioso impertinent by saying it's a nice story, but it's not believable. And when Fernando says of the captive story, certainly, señor capitán, the manner in which you have recounted this remarkable tale has been equal to the unusual and marvelous events themselves. The story is rare and strange, full of extraordinary incidents that astonish the listener. We have liked, we have so liked hearing it that we would enjoy listening to it all over again, even if it took until tomorrow morning. These comments were the Cervantes intended to or not, drive the nail into the coffin of epic and romance. The new basis for evaluating a novel is not the morality of a story, as even the priest concedes, or the absence of the supernatural. It's a new kind of believability, being true to character, a judgment about human nature, and it's telling a story well. So I'll stop here and turn this over to my good friend and colleague, Adrienne Martin.


And on sports news, a new Super Falcons defender, Ashley Plunter, has been nominated for their English women's Super League player of the month of February. And this is following her stellar performance for the Cesta City women. The 23-year-old defender has been crucial in the club's recent impressive outing after a shaky start to the season, and in the month under review, Plunter made two appearances for the Cesta City women helping her side to two victories and also got her a name on the score sheet with a fine header. The women's Super League on Monday released their shortlist for the player of the month for February, but the Falcons defender making the shortlist. Thanks for watching, and I'll see you in the next video.


That's just a short term for that. Yeah. Do we need to get anywhere? I don't think we do, but... Nope. You don't need a definition trust me. You know this one. Okay. I've approved it. Okay. Oh, we're recording. Oh, yeah. Oh, awesome. Hi. I thought I was in timeout. All right. Here we are with timeout. Timeout. And it's a behavioral tactic contingent upon a problem behavior, and the idea is that there are several procedures, go see those videos, but the big thing about timeout and it's the same with all other timeout procedures is that it's timeout from reinforcement. That's the key right there. Otherwise, these things aren't going to work. So A, you have to know the function of your behavior. Make sure that if it's attention, timeout will be effective, but if it's escape, not so handy because that means you're going to scream at me and I'm going to let you go away for two minutes. See what I mean? The other things to think about are make sure you have clear steps in timeout.  So how long is it? Where is it? How's it going to be implemented? What earns getting into timeout? What gets you out of timeout? What behaviors are you supposed to see going out of timeout? That all makes sense? Cool. Timeout.


This is stock number 10579, we are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Ram and heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean, extremely good looking 2018 Ram 2500 crew cab short box. This truck has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. Delmonico Red is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it's definitely your best way to ensure the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. If you want to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link right to our website, click that and check us out there. This one comes with not only AEV rims but it also has an AEV suspension lift kit on it. It has the Wild Peak or the Falcon Wild Peak tires. These are 37x12.5 R17LTs. These tires are almost brand new, I'd say 95% of the tread. You have the AEV Bilstein shocks and lift kit in here. Frame and underbody is absolutely perfect. Comes with the projector lamp headlamps, the LED running lights, the factory fog lights, the front bumper parking sensors. Front bumper is in excellent shape. You get the RAM stamped chrome trim grille and that hood is in excellent condition as well. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. Passengers side front fender is in excellent shape as well and the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck you can see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. You can see it has the cargo cab and the cab itself is in excellent shape and that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen and a link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade off from the company or your own home. Frame and underbodies absolutely perfect, has all the remaining factory exhaust, has some really nice painted end fab step bars on here and the back rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. Back tires are like new as well and this one has the auto leveling suspension so if you look at the shocks right there and right back there, those are the auto leveling shocks that come with the vehicle so if you've got a heavy load it will actually pump out the back end of the truck. Rear bumper is in excellent shape, you do get the back of parking sensors, the step on the bumper there, four pin, seven pin wiring, full towing package, you get the long horn block lettering on the back, back up camera locking tailgate, comes with a full size spare so that's a brand new tire so you can see those tires that are on the truck are just about the same, has the fifth wheel and gooseneck prep package as well as a seven pin wiring and LED bed lighting and it has the matching AEV rim back here as well. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly and as you go down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side, no dents or dings in the box and for full disclosure this back rim is an excellent condition as well. Down the rest of the side of the truck, no dents, no dings, it does have the enter and go system, you get the heated fold out tow mirrors, they also have the LED directional signals and they also fold in, I'm guessing they're power fold in which we'll check in just a second here, yes they are and now he's like showing that both sides are working so that one works good, passenger side fold in nicely and they fold out nicely as well.  You get the heated leather wrapped and wood grain trim steering wheel, Bluetooth or I'm sorry cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left then you do get those audio controls on the back of the steering wheel, comes with the 6 speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift, the 8.4 4C radio, this one has the factory navigation system on it and it does have Sirius, you also get your climate controls here as well, you get your dual climate controls, you can do your heated seats, heated steering wheel, vented seats, you can check out your backup camera, you can also check out that cargo cam as well and then you also can just do your heated seat controls and stuff right there and the other cool thing about this radio is that it's a 4C so you can do Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capabilities on this truck so you can project your cell phone to the screen if you have a different navigation system on your phone such as Waze or Google Maps, you can project it right to the screen as well, so it's pretty cool there. Turned out four wheel drive dual climate control, you get your factory brake control, the alternate brake or alternate trailer height and that's part of that rear air suspension, stability control, tow haul, factory exhaust brake, you can turn the front and rear parking sensors off, then if you wanted to do those heated and cooled seats and heated steering wheel buttons down there, you could do that as well. Has this really cool wood grain trimmed closer there, you also have cell phone holder and then the keyless entry with the factory remote start, 115 volt 150 watt plug-in and the passenger side seat and floor mat are in excellent condition still has the old tiger on it and it has the suede headliner, really cool, really classy, you get the map lights, power sign, rear window, your home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, assist and SOS in the rear view mirror and of course this one does have the Alpine premium sound system, we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood, just a really really nice truck inside and out this truck's never been smoked in, smells very clean inside, has the latch child safety system, the power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost, both these seats are heated on the outboard side and then has the load floor here, so you got muddy boots or tools, you put them on there, you're not going to get your nice leather seats dirty or if you got pets you can put both sides down, they got a nice flat surface to sit on or lay on and then you get the receiver hitch reducer and storage under here, the all-weather floor mat all the way across there, your heated seat buttons, you get the saddle bag, compartments in the back and then you get in-floor storage with removable containers for easy cleaning, you can put ice and drinks in there, it's like you got too many coolers wherever you go, also child safety locks on the back doors and we'll take a quick look under the hood, I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video, you'll have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around, inside and out, under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel, engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth, this truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked, topped off it is 100%, ready to go and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, recorded tons, one tons, you name it, we got it, go to our website www.summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com, if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto, remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there, in fact any second you will see linked to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left, a link to more Ram 2500 truck videos like this one on your right and if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website you can click those, check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this extremely clean 2018 Ram 2500 crew cab short box Laramie Longhorn in Del Monaco Red, thanks again


Welcome to a tutorial of FB Reader, version 1.0.9 on iOS. This video was created with support from the Government of Canada Social Development Partnerships Program, Disability Component. The opinions and interpretations in this video are those of the creator, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. It was produced with site of assistance. FB Reader offers an interface that is fairly easy to learn and use. While there is no read-to-end feature, a simple tap on the screen will cause the current page to be narrated. It supports books in EPUB too, along with a variety of text formats. They can be copied to FB Reader right from the Nells repository, or side-loaded from Dropbox. However, because it was designed for the mainstream market, FB Reader is not recommended for those new to voice-over. Here, we're looking at the record for Treasure Island on the Nells website. When we press Download EPUB, we're asked where to store the book. You may need to press More first, but we're going to select Open in FB Reader. Treasure Island is now open in FB Reader, showing up in the reading pane. Unfortunately, voice-over can't navigate the text of the book. However, if you tap and hold in the middle of the screen, it will read the page out loud to you. Sound it louder and higher, as if he were in fire with eagerness and rage. In, in, in, he shouted, and cursed them for their delay. Buttons to open library, show book details, and show info are found at the top left of the screen. Now, because FB Reader uses voice-over swipe gesture to turn pages, it's important to only swipe to controls with your finger at the very top or bottom of the screen. To read a different book, tap the top left of the screen, then swipe right to open library. This brings you back to the main screen, where all your books are shown. Swipe through the list until you come to the title you wish to read, then tap the title to open it. To delete a book, double tap and hold the title you finished reading. Tap the screen directly below the book's title to highlight the pop-up, then swipe to delete. Finally, press delete once more to confirm. Back in the reading pane, if you want to pull up the table of contents, just press show book info. This button is found just to the right of open library. Swipe through the list that appears and tap a chapter to go there in your book. You can press show info next to show book details to find out the book's title and author. A brief synopsis will also be shown here if it's available. To find text in your book, press search found at the top right of the screen. Type in the phrase you wish to find, then press search on the right side of the keyboard. FB Reader will then position you on the next page that contains your query. Several buttons are found at the bottom left of the screen, but these deal mostly with visual adjustments. An undo button is located at the bottom right. Between these controls is found the percentage bar, which shows how many pages you have read. FB Reader handles a wide array of content and works well with voiceover.


Hello, I'm Steve Nunn, President and CEO of the Open Group. Welcome to Toolkit Tuesday, where we highlight the various components and leading experts of the Architects Toolkit, a collated portfolio of the most pertinent technology standards for enterprise architects. During the series, I'll be calling on a number of recognised experts who will bring their particular insights on how to most effectively use the various tools in the Architects Toolkit. We'll have a mix of interviews, panel sessions and pre-recorded presentations along the way. While all standards of the Open Group are designed so they can be adopted independently of one another, the greatest value for an organisation can be derived when they're used in unison. The sum of the parts should be greater than the whole. In the Architects Toolkit, we have collated a portfolio of the most pertinent ones for architects, together, all in one place. For most of these tools, certification from the Open Group is also available so practitioners can demonstrate that they have the skills required and recruiters can take the guesswork out of the recruitment process, all backed up by our Open Badges programme. So, the European Super League, where European football self-labelled big teams plan to create a breakaway league that guaranteed their inclusion no matter how well or badly they performed for over 20 years, has for now failed. A failed ecosystem. I will talk about ecosystems much more as it's fun. However, for now, let's look at the primary reason that that ecosystem failed, the fans. The clubs thought that they were creating an ecosystem amongst themselves but they failed to sense both that they're contextual environment and the fans were part of that ecosystem. An ecosystem just like any other systems in my eyes, in order to be viable, they need architecting. Welcome everyone, welcome to another Toolkit Tuesday. My name is Steve Nunn, I'm president and CEO of the Open Group and I'm delighted to welcome you today to the latest in our series. So, wherever you are in the world, I hope you're safe and well. Thank you for joining us. We have 30 minutes of great content for you today, mostly one session on government-related enterprise architecture, which is going to be great. Before we start though, just to enhance your experience with us today on the WebEx platform, the way that we will deal with questions for our speakers is through the Q&A channel. So you've probably seen a chat channel already there, but if you go to the three dots in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen, you will see that there's the option to click on a Q&A channel. If you want to ask a speaker the question, then that's the way to do it please. And by all means use other channels for communicating with each other, letting us know where you're from. So before we kick off today's event, I just want to say some of you joining us today will have joined us last week where we had a global event for the Open Group's 25th anniversary. We were celebrating by moving around from eight different cities, about 38 hours elapsed time, some really, really great content. And if you've missed it or you weren't able to join, then do look for it because there's some really great stuff in there. And we had over so far, and it's counting, we had over 6,000 people join us over the course of the period. So there's some great stuff in there, go look at it and I hope you find it useful. So today we are focused, as I say, on the government side of enterprise architecture and we have a great speaker to take us through that today. My colleague, Dr. Palab Sahar, who is general manager for India at the Open Group, is also president of the Association of Enterprise Architects in India. And he's been identified as a thought leader by IBM Smart City Connect and featured by Forbes Magazine. He's a Metty NEGD senior lead expert in enterprise architecture and a visiting professor of digital architecture at the Indian Institute of Management. Dr. Sahar advises various ministries and states on matters pertaining to government-wide enterprise initiatives, architecture initiatives, and just a few months ago now became general manager for us in India. So there's some really great stuff going on in India in the enterprise architecture area. And you're going to hear some of it now. So a warm virtual welcome please for Dr. Palab Sahar of the Open Group. Over to you Palab. Thank you Steve. And good morning, good evening from wherever you're joining. And I'm very happy to be doing this session today. So let me quickly share my slides. I hope you can see the slides. And as Steve was introducing me, I'm going to talk about a very interesting topic that is currently work in progress in India in certain aspects. And I'm going to use India as a case study because it's also very important for us to, you know, talk in concrete terms rather than talking about concepts and theories. And therefore, you know, the genesis of whatever I'm going to talk about started three years back with the India Enterprise Architecture framework. Now I'm assuming that some of you would have heard about this through my various publications and blogs. I've also made a detailed presentation about the India framework in the Open Group conferences in London and San Diego a couple of years back. So without going into the details, you know, given the time I have today, I think you can make out that the India Enterprise Architecture framework is a national framework which consists of four different standards for different parts which you can see there at the bottom. So first one is the reference model. The second one, part two is the adoption guide. Part three is the digital service standard which focuses on how organizations which is both the ministries and the government departments and other agencies should be designing and provisioning their digital services. And part four is the Agile India framework which is inspired by the Open Agile Architecture framework. As I said, we don't have time to go into the details, but all of these four different parts are notified national standards in India. And now there are many ministries and many departments in many states in India, which are in the process of implementing this if you will. So that that's kind of a little bit of a background. What is more important from an India perspective is that it has a context. Typically, when we speak about enterprise architecture, there is a lot of emphasis on the technology element of it. Now, while technology is important, and we all understand that digital technology has democratized many aspects of architecture. What we have done right from the beginning is to ensure that the India framework takes India all the way from analog government to e-government to more towards digital government. And this is based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. You will see the benefit of creating a context around SDG because it provides the benefit and impact of architecture right at the global level. And you heard Paul, right, about the European Super League. We don't forget the fans here. And in this case, the fans are the citizens and the users. And that's the reason why the sustainable development goals are more important because it sets the entire purpose of what we are doing. The purpose is not to adopt new technology, but to make a difference to people's lives. And I'm going to share a few examples with you given the limited time we have, but I think you get the point. Now, what we have also done, as you have seen in my first slide, the India framework is based on TOGAAP. So we have mapped the critical factors to the TOGAAP ADM. I'm sure all of you are familiar with the TOGAAP ADM. So there is no need to go into the details. But what you see here are the different segments. For instance, you can see the strategy and motivation which is driven by the SDG, as I mentioned in my previous slide. Then we have the business layer, the application and data layer, the technology layer, and the implementation and migration layer. So we have identified 15 different factors which are important for us to implement the enterprise architecture as per the India framework. And you have seen this picture shows you how these 15 different factors are distributed across the entire life cycle of the architecture that we are all familiar with. Now moving forward, one thing that we have to keep in mind is that India, as you know, is a very large country with a diverse population. We have 36 states and territories. And of course we have the multiple ministries, the different departments and agencies. So it's a humongous size of government. And constitutionally, we are a federal structure. So right from the beginning, we had taken into consideration that we had to incorporate, if you will, we had to integrate the federal structure into the architecture. So we have used the toga partitioning approach in terms of identifying how the entire national framework would be rolled out across the entire country. Because one of the one of the pushback items that we typically get when you talk of enterprise architecture, especially at the national level, especially at the whole of government level is that it is pushing towards centralization. So we wanted to debunk that myth and this picture on the, you know, shows you how we have partitioned the architecture. So on your left, you can see the national frameworks right on top. So you can see the India reference architecture. So the digital service standards, agile India, so on and so forth. That now has been, you know, I would say split into priority sectors. So the priority sectors typical for any government would be health, education, agriculture, rural development, smart cities, so on and so forth. I'll show you the priority sector. So we've identified the priority sectors. And each of these priority sectors will have or is in the process of launching digital platform, which is basically basically the crux of the topic that we are going to discuss today. And in the bottom, you'll see the building blocks, the reusable building blocks that we keep using because it's important the word is reusable. So those foundational capabilities don't have to be repeated. So whenever a public digital platform is being launched or designed, we also look at the archive of the reusable building blocks so that we don't reinvent the wheel. So that is the basic approach of partitioning the entire India framework so that it works for the entire country. So that in a nutshell is how we have structured our architecture journey from a roll out perspective. Now, moving forward, as I said, one of the key things that we are doing is creating public digital platform in the priority sectors. I've shown you some priority sectors listed in the previous slide ranging from agriculture to education to health and rural development so on and so forth. And there are certain reasons why public digital platforms are becoming more and more popular because here it positions government as a enabler rather than an end to end solution provider. It creates better services, you'll see the results of what we are doing in one of my slides later on. And as I said, constitutionally we are a federal structure which means the sub national government, the state governments, the territorial governments have a lot of autonomy and they would like to retain that autonomy and, as I said previously, our whole of government enterprise architecture definitely does not look towards centralization. It's to maintain that federated approach. So these are some of the key factors driving the public digital platform. And incidentally, it's also consistent with the, it's also consistent with the, you know, the architecture maturity model as defined by MIT, CISR, Center for Information Systems Research. So you can see this picture here which actually clearly shows you how countries or enterprises actually, you know, I would say, you know, move into the maturity journey and the final stage, which is stage five is creating digital ecosystems where you create an entire platform where the different stakeholders of the ecosystem can contribute both as a consumer and also a service provider. And you will see some of that example later on. Now, typically, if you don't know what a digital platform is all about, so this is one slide which provides us some summary of what a digital platform is all about. It consists of digital services and shared APIs because you need to interact with stakeholders who may or may not be part of the government ecosystem. You have certain registries. So for instance, in the health domain, we have registries of doctors, we have registries of hospitals and other facilities, registries of pharmacies, so on and so forth. We have reusable building blocks. You can see some of the reusable building blocks and I mentioned that previously as well. And because it is an open digital ecosystem, the concept of trust and identity is very, very important. So all of the participants so to speak of the digital ecosystems need to have unique identifiers so that they can participate either as a consumer or as a provider based on whatever is the governance model we are specifically talking about in that specific instance. Now, these are the different digital platforms currently rolled out in India. Okay, you can see one in health one in urban innovation stackers and smart cities. One in education, there's one for state government and there's one for agriculture. Now there are other digital platforms which are also currently in progress. You can see the other areas are the sectors so to speak they have power and energy woman and child skills and employment logistics, transformation, industry consortium, criminal justice system and tourism are other priority areas that are being launched even as we speak. So this is, as I said, a work in progress, but I think we are doing good progress from the results that I'll show you in my final slide and to get as you know continues to be the most popular framework that we are adopting. So all of the stuff which is which I'm showing you here is based on to get and I've already elaborated to you how we have used the partitioning structure of to get to, you know, kind of design and conceive all of these public digital platforms. Now when talking about a digital platform, we identified three things. First is we create a digital platform canvas. Some of you I'm sure are familiar with the business model canvas BMC. So this is basically a variation of a BMC but this gives us a nice 60,000 feet view of what the digital platform is all about. You can see all of the key questions are being put here but on one page. So that kind of, as I said, this is a very nice communication tool and design tool to identify what the digital platform should look like. So that's the first thing. The second one is we have a reference architecture for the digital platforms. These are all the domains, if you will, I'm sure all of you are architects, you are definitely aware of the architecture layers or domains. You can see the users participants access channels business data application infrastructure governance and integration so you can see the reusable building blocks that we have used. So as I said, even as we move let's say from health to agriculture to education to rural development to tourism. We looked for reusable capabilities so that we do not reinvent the wheel so whenever we are building a digital platform we take care of the initial design through the canvas. Then we look at the reference architecture and finally, we take a systemic view of how the digital platform should actually work PDP there stands for public digital platform. So this is a systemic view for us to understand the dynamics of the various aspects, various important aspects of digital platform, so that we know that it will work so for instance one of the one of the very successful digital platforms today it's in use in India is the UPI which is the unified payments interface it's a payment platform. Now because of the success of the payments platform today India has become number one in number one in the world globally, in terms of the digital transaction right so it's more than 25 billion transactions that is it's as much as that is the number of volume. So obviously to make a platform work there are many things that come into play we have identified some of the key factors in this and showed the linkages between those key factors in this systemic view. I think you all understand all of you definitely you know fully realize the importance of data and data governance and digital platform so what we have created here is the data governance, you know, view so to speak of public digital platform again this is a common platform, common data governance view and as you can see we have used our commit so you as you know Steve was looking at all our standards are independently very useful but if you use them together you get a lot more benefit. So we use the, you know, actual formal notation to create some of the models, you know, obviously from to gap onwards to the archie and argument so this is an argument model in terms of how we look at data governance you can see the different entities which are important from a data governance perspective you need data security data owners data custodians auditors application owners and how they interact with one another is what is shown on this slide. This is a use case diagram I don't intend to go into the details of this but again this is an example of a use of Archie made a formal notation in the as reusable building blocks you can see how we use reusable building blocks but important is the top two is going back to the sustainable development goals you can see the goal number two and hunger and achieve, you know, achieve maturity in that so there is a target to that and how the use case is actually playing out when you talk of the actual, you know, actual platform that is being provisioned by the public digital platforms that in a nutshell are very summarized view of what we are currently doing these are some of the real on ground benefits of public digital platforms it's improving access to digital services it's encouraging inclusiveness it's encouraging data driven decisions it's increasing the coordination and linkage between programs when I talk of programs it means between ministries between departments. It is reducing gaps and duplications it is anticipating needs it's encouraging innovations and entire digital economy is being built around architecture and it is improving the internal capacity. These are real observed benefits right, the most important thing is these are being mentioned so this is the statement by Prime Minister Modi on 7th of September 2021. I will take a brief pause here but you can see how he is articulating the benefits of platform digital platform public digital platform. Basically here the context is the digital education architecture but I've highlighted the key points that are important from benefit perspective. So, this is an example of how we are moving from doing architecture to making architecture work for the country and you can see some of the key points which I've highlighted and put in bold there, which are being, you know, talked about in this speech by the Prime Minister. Okay, so nothing much to explain here he focuses on flexibility, you know, using the own assessment approach, providing transformational change, eliminating inequality, creating a super integrator and providing quality education. So the message and takeaway from this slide is when you articulate the benefit of architecture, it has to be in terms that people can understand. In fact, we are doing all of the methodology we are doing all of the notation we are doing all of the platform at the end of the day this is what matters to the real leaders and to the decision makers for the country. Now this is my last slide as I said how is India fairing and again coming back to what Paul was saying you know European Super League they forgot the fans we did not forget the citizens here so there was a survey done by BCG we all know who BCG is. You know, our digital services are doing and as you can see it's a user satisfaction survey, and India is doing quite well of the 26 different areas India is ranked number one among the 36 countries surveyed in 12 of those groups so out of 26 12 we are number and 23 we are within the top three, which is very, very good performance so given our complexity diversity and continent sized population. I believe we are doing quite well this is still early days but I think this is very encouraging. The second survey which I'd like to, you know, refer to is the World Bank of tech maturity survey again India has been ranked number one. India has been ranked within group a top most quadrant in terms of using the text of government technology in terms of providing digital services. And one of the key mentions that we find in that World Bank report is the use of government wide enterprise architecture, which is India which was the first slide I presented today with this I think it gives us a nice bird's eye view of what is currently going on in India and I present I end my presentation and as he was, you know, introducing me, we do have a government enterprise architecture work group we are looking into some of these areas, and we intend to create guides and best practices around this topic of public digital platform because this is being rolled out across not just that other countries are showing a lot of interest so if you're interested in working in the government enterprise architecture work group please feel free to get in touch with me with that I finish my presentation and I'll be happy to take any questions. Thank you very much. That was a great job, a great run through the topic and an important topic to all of us. We're all citizens. We all like to think that we can get some high quality services from from our government and it's clearly an area that India is taking a lead in and from what I know that's not a surprise given all the work that's been going on under the covers on these various digital data platforms and enterprise architecture generally. So it's great to see that that effort and that work and that foresight and leadership in India is taking fruition and thank you once again for taking us through that topic. So a big round of applause, virtual round of applause please for Dr. Palab Saha of the Open Group. Thank you Palab. Okay we're going to stick with a similar theme but switch gears slightly for one of Terry's Toolkit Tuesday Tips and right on the topic there's still the topic of citizen centric government services. Terry Blevins is going to give us a short tip today on empathy, the importance of empathy in doing government EA work. So over to you Mr. Terry Blevins from EnterpriseWise, over to you Terry. Hi, my name is Terry Blevins with the Toolkit Tuesday Tip. When done right enterprise architecture can enable significant change. When applied in the government sector, that means change that affects citizens and we are all citizens. So this Toolkit Tuesday Tip is about empathy and its importance in how you as an enterprise architect approach a government project. Empathy is about understanding the perspectives of others. In the case of a government EA project, we are talking about understanding the perspectives of the citizens as well as the sponsoring organization. Since we are citizens we can use our own perspectives minimally as a sounding board. The key is to put yourself in the shoes of the citizen. Empathize. A specific area where this is an in play is testing assumptions. When you empathize you realize that every citizen doesn't have the latest technology or maybe any technology at all for that matter. You realize that every citizen doesn't have technical savvy. You realize that accessibility is more important than you originally thought because citizens have unique needs for access and unique capabilities. Another area where empathy is important is when you think about the user experience. In this case the citizen experience. This shouldn't be too hard because we all have had the experience with good and bad government provided services. So think about those great services and bring to the table what made them great. Think about those bad services and bring to the table things that avoid those things that made them bad. Empathizing with the citizen is indeed critical. However, we can't forget those that are developing. That is those that are building solutions based on the enterprise architecture and those that are governing and managing the enterprise. If you are already an enterprise architect, I'm sure you already are familiar with the pain points of builders and governors. The key is to make sure you understand the specific needs and the specific scenario and analyze what should be done to best balance between these three perspectives. Which will be challenging, but rewarding when done right. So do not be afraid to use your inner voice to augment the data that is driving the effort, but of course always validate. The Togaf standard covers multiple tools and techniques that can help you with understanding user needs. Using techniques like the business scenario method and design thinking in conjunction with using your empathy will help you develop an enterprise architecture with the right focus. For more information, please check out the Togaf library. Keep architecting for enterprise value. Thanks for watching. Terry, thank you very much. Thank you very much for that Toolkit Tuesday tip. Great insights as ever and empathy. Well, I think we could all show a bit more empathy in our daily lives, couldn't we? Not just when we're doing government related EA work. So a bit of empathy would improve the world I think. So great message and very on point for today's topic. So there, but almost before we know it, we have the end of another Toolkit Tuesday. My thanks to Paul Holman for his EA Minute to Dr. Palab Saha for our main session today and of course to Terry Blevins once more for his Toolkit Tuesday tip. Please join us in two weeks time, November 16th, when we will be joined by Anash Shahi, who is one of the trainers in the ecosystem of trainers around Togaf standards. He's with EA Training LLC and he's going to be talking to us about strategic decision making using formal modeling. So wouldn't be surprised if we get into a bit of the archimage modeling language in there as well as the Togaf standard. So please join us again. Thanks to everyone today and most of all, thanks to you all for taking the time out to join us. This has been Toolkit Tuesday. I hope you've enjoyed it. I'm Steve Nunn. Bye for now.