Hi, as nobody has showed up for this question and answer session so far, it looks like it's time for a quick mini lecture. And I'm going to start with chapter two talking about variables and arithmetic operators. Let's save this as age one dot Java. Let me get the upper and lower case correct here. Which means this is going to have to be called age one. And the purpose of this program, given an age in years, calculate and print the approximate age and days. So knowing what we know now, what we know from chapter one, we can do it as something like this. For example, I can say system dot out dot print. Your age. And let's just make up an age here like 47 years is about. And then I'll system dot out dot print. And I'll put 47 times 365 system. Not print LN days old notice these are print and not print LN which mean they're going, which means they're going to appear on the same line. And then after days old we go to the next line. And here because it's not in quote marks it's going to evaluate 47 times 365. Let me move this out of the way here so they can see my controls. Let's compile. And there it works. There's something a bit dissatisfying about this first of all the fact that we had to split all this stuff up into three separate statements. And second is well what happens when someone has a birthday and they become 48 and we have to rewrite this line and this line also. So let's attack these problems one after another. The first way that we're going to put these into one statements to three separate statements is by using the plus sign plus sign will not only add numbers it will add strings. Oh, something. I'm sorry, something positive sharing. Yeah. We have no idea why that happened, but let's go back to this. Let me go back and recompile and rerun the program. And you can see that it's working grand. Now, we need to put this into one print statements to three. The way we're going to do is we're going to use the plus sign plus sign adds numbers but also add strings together. We're going to put 47 times 365 here in parentheses and I'll show you in a minute why. So we're going to get rid of this and we're going to indent here. And then we're going to add on the words days old. So now we have one print line statement that will print out these words. Then it will tack on 47 times 365. And then it'll tack on days old. So that and we get the exact same answer. Now there's something you need to know when you're using plus sign with strings and numbers. And to show this I'm going to go into J shell because it's a little bit easier to demonstrate it there. And adding numbers we're okay with 3.7 plus 4.2. When I add strings together attacks them together. So door plus bell is doorbell again. No surprises here. Now, question what happens if I say three plus seven plus cars. What's going to happen here. The answer is when I have operations of equal priority, they go from left to right. So it'll take three plus seven which is 10, and then it'll add on the string cars and I'll get 10 cars, and it will be converted to a string that's going to convert to string. Now the next question what happens if I say cars plus three plus seven. In that case what I'm going to get is cars 37. Why did that happen, because I started with a string. When I have a string and add a number, the number gets promoted to string that gave me cars three a string. The seven got promoted to a string and that gave me cars 37. If I wanted cars 10, I would have to say cars plus three plus seven in parentheses because parentheses have the highest priority, and that means the addition of three plus seven, an integer addition will happen first. I want so be careful when you're using plus sign. We're going to learn about formatted printing at some point in the semester, and that's going to avoid having to use all this plus sign business. Okay, we've solved one problem. We've solved the problem of having three separate print statements to put a sentence together we can use plus sign to do that. Now our next problem and what the chapter two is really on about is variables we're going to use something called a variable that will let us make it easier to change the program when the person's age changes. And let's say this is age two still going to do the same thing. And this time we're going to create a variable. It's going to be an integer. This name will be years and we'll assign it the value 47. This is very important what I've just done here is called an assignment statement. Whenever you create a variable for the very first time and use it you must say what kind of value it holds. What kind of various values can you have, and these are called data types by the way, int, which is integers, whole numbers. There's double, which is numbers with decimal points, like 3.7 12.2 negative 4.8. Some of the other data types that we will be talking about this semester is string, which is characters within double quotes. There is the char data type which is a single character within single quotes, and then a very important one which we'll talk about later called Boolean. And that is a true or false value. We're going to be having some decisions that we're going to make in our programs. For example, if you give me a negative number I might want to print an error message, or if you give me a number that's less than 18, I have to tell you that you can't vote yet. Or if you give me a number that's greater than 65 I can tell you you're able to retire, making these decisions that have yes or no questions. Are you under 18. Are you over 65 dancers are yes or no or in Java terms, true and false. And we're going to be using these quite a bit when we get to the chapter on selection statements, which is which chapter, chapter five. So we get to chapter five we're going to be talking about that in grand and glorious detail. Let me save this here. And again I will upload this stuff when we're done. Now the way we read this again let's talk about this in years is 47. I'm going to be sort of building a diagram as I do this and this is always sort of difficult for me. I'll give it my best shot here. Let's put it into a monospace font. Looks better. Here's our variable it's called years, and you can think of a variable as a container. So we have a little box like an envelope or something. And there's a label on that envelope. So we're going to start over you can think of it as a mailbox. We know that it will hold an integer we have to get we have to say that the first time we declare it. We always start on the right hand side of the assignment operator, this symbol here. We work out what's on the right hand side of that symbol, and that's a 47. And that is what is going to be assigned into this container into this mailbox. The next thing I want to do is I am going to put in another variable it's going to be an integer, and it's going to be called days. And I'm going to make that the same as years times 365. So I misspoke there.  Whenever you see this symbol here, you're tempted think oh that's just like an algebra that needs those things are equal. It does not and the book makes a big point of it and I'm going to make a big point of it. This is the assignment operator. It means take whatever's on the right hand side and put it into the variable on the left hand side. So when I say something let's see something like this years becomes 47. There are many different ways I can read it years becomes 47 that's my favorite years is assigned 47. Or years gets the value 47 or years is set to 47. All of those things are great ways to read that. But no, I never read it that way because that makes me think I'm dealing with algebra, and I am not. In fact, I'm going to erase that so there doesn't show up inside of our file when I uploaded. So I'm going to take whatever's in years right now envelopes pop that in here. So what's happening here is, because this is my first declaration. I'm going to create a mailbox so to speak and I'm going to call it days. And now to figure out what goes into it I look at the right hand side first years has 47 in it. That means I'm going to take 47 times 365. And I think that came up to 17155. Hold on, let me get my calculator out here. My calculator calculator calculator or seven times 365 is 1755. Yes, thank you. And that number goes into days. This is what we call our memory diagram. This is what Java's memory looks like after we do these two statements. Now, I'm going to say split this up a little bit more. And then I don't have to say 47 times 365. I have it in this variable called days. And now we can compile it and run it and your age of 47 years is about that many days old. Hey, that's looking pretty good. And now when whoever this 47 year old person is has a birthday and they become 48. We have to change only one line and everything else will work just fine. So this is a quick introduction to the variables. Oh, there is something I definitely want to do here. Let's say I open up my template file again. Let's call this a purchase dot Java. So, given a price of an object of an item. We want to calculate 7.5% sales tax and add that to the price to get the total price. So that's that that's the purpose of this program. So prices can have decimal points. That means we're going to have to say double. And let's say we're going to make it. Fair. Let's make a one that we can figure out by hand so that we don't have to do a lot of extra calculation. I don't need to put the point zero zero here. I could just say 20.0, or I could even say 20 is an integer and it would be promoted to a double. In the interest of being very explicit about this. And again, this says, okay, I'm going to have the value 20.0 and it's going to go into a variable called price, which happens to be a double. Now what's my tax, my tax is going to be my price times 0.075. Oh, let's do something different here. There's something actually want to do a seven and a half. No, that's not going to work. Never mind. 7.5 divided by 100.  So now I can say system. Your item cost price. And then with tax of plus tax that comes out to plus total. There we go. And again, I'm using the same sort of thing that's happening here. And run it. Now you'll notice that unfortunately when Java displays it shows only one digit after the decimal point. So that is a little bit ugly. And we're going to have to learn something called formatting in order to fix that but I'm not going to go into that today. What I do want to talk about is something called constants though, this seven and a half divided by 100. So that's sort of an arbitrary number. What we would like to do is we would like to make some sort of a variable to hold our tax rate. Now, this is going to be a constant, which means it's never going to change. Whenever I have some of this and once I said it, I never want to change it. I'm going to call it a final. It's going to be double. And again, by convention, which means unwritten rule that everybody follows, we're going to name our constants in all uppercase, because I have two words, I'm going to separate them by underscores. I think I may have, I don't know if I've talked about this before so I better talk about this now. So what happens if we have multi word variable names. For example, let's say I want something. Oh, I don't like a double net weight. I can't put a space in there. That's not going to work. So the way to solve this and some languages solve it by having an underscore Python and by the way is one of those languages where if I wanted net weight which as one variable name I'd use an underscore to separate the words. That's not how Java prefers to do it. Again, by convention, we do it this way. We start with a lowercase letter, and then any subsequent words will start with an uppercase letter. So for example, I could have integer age in years. Choosing variable names. Make sure they're meaningful. For example, if I had to say double N and int a what in the world are those. Well that doesn't. It could be anything right. So these are too short. Don't go overboard. I mean we don't want to say net weight of package. Or sending. And integer age in years as of last birthday. We want something that's meaningful. But not too short, not too long. This is how we handle our multi word variable names. However, when I have a final a constant. So I can't do something like final double tax rate, which one is calculated capitalized. In this case, I'll have to put an underscore between words. And that's why this became tax rate. And I'm going to set it to 7.5 divided by 100. And now I can say price times tax rate. And that makes things a lot more readable. And also if I need to use the tax rate in several different calculations, I don't have to have 7.5, 7.5, 7.5 all over the place. Instead I can have it once. And if the tax rate goes up or down to 7.75 out of 100, then I change it in one place. And every place else that I use it is going to get the benefits of that. And that price, by the way, is something like $12.95. Let's compile that. And you'll notice I get some weird answer there. This is why we're going to need to learn about formatting, but we're not going to learn about that today. Maybe on my next lecture, I will do that. Now, one other thing that I need to tell you about this very, very important. Let's say I have something like this. Integer X becomes, and because I'm using X here because it's just a generic number. I'm not using it to symbolize anything except I just need a number. Well, okay. Number, why not? Let's call it number becomes 35. Number here and it's a 35. Now, this is what blows a lot of people's mind. So there's a person I work with at LinkedIn Learning. And also I used to work with him when he was a book editor. And he said he was put off from programming for many, many years because when he first learned to program, he saw a statement like this. He said, that's ridiculous. A number can't be equal to itself plus one. This doesn't make any sense.  I'm not going to do it anymore. Now he finally tried again a couple of years later and said, okay, now I get it. Remember this symbol here is not algebra. In algebra, this is utterly meaningless. But in Java, it's totally meaningful. We're going to take the right hand side of the assignment first. What's in number right now? 35. 35 plus one works out to 36. The right hand side works out to 36 and we're going to assign it back into number, which means this number goes away and 36 replaces it. So this is called reassignment. I'm taking a variable. I'm updating its value and putting it back into the same variable. This is totally 100% legal in Java. Let's prove that in fact. Let's open up our template. Save this as reassignment.java. And the purpose of the program is show that you can reassign a variable using the assignment operator, which is this two parallel lines operator here, which is not the same as what that symbol means in algebra. Excuse me a moment here. I'm going to put my phone in another room so it doesn't bother me anymore here. Let me pause my recording from it. Okay, and we're going to have to call this reassignment. And here we'll have an integer number, which is assigned. I think I had 35 there. And then I'm going to say number becomes number plus one. And then we'll system.out.print line and we'll say the number is now. Let's number. And we'll put a period at the end of the sentence just because it makes me feel better. Let's compile that. And sure enough, the number is now 36. And this is called reassigning a variable. And the last thing I want to talk about today is more about arithmetic operators and a couple of operas that you may never have heard of, but one opera that you may never have heard of before. And integers versus floating point and to talk about this, I'm going to go back into J shell. I'm going to be typing some arithmetic expressions. Let's say three times 4.5. When we multiply an integer by a float, we get a float, a double. Now here's a question for you, what happens if I say 75 divided by 100, what do you think I'm going to get. Again, the easiest way to find out is to try it and see what happens. And we get zero. How did that happen. The answer is we are dividing an integer by an integer and when you divide integers by integer, the result is always, always, always an integer. For example, let's say I have something like 15 divided by four. That's three. The decimal part gets thrown away. This is very important to understand. It does not get rounded up by the way. I wanted to find out and keep my decimal points. At least one of them would have to be a floating point double. Now I get 3.75 notice it's not rounding it up to four. It's cutting off the decimal completely. If I say 15 divided by 4.0 because at least one of the operands is a float. So is the result. If I say 15.0 divided by integer four. I still get 3.75. It's only this one here that you got to be careful about. Now let's say I have something like Oh, I don't know 37 divided by five. And in fact, if we were doing this in arithmetic class, we would have something like if you remember this from your grade school days, you would have 37. Do I have the special character? Where is it here? There should be a division sign here someplace. If I can't find it right away, I'm going to just divided by seven is five with a remainder of two. I don't know if you ever did that in grade school, but that's one of the ways that we were taught that. I'm sorry, I was dividing by five there. It's seven with a remainder of two. So question is how do I get that remainder? I know how to get the quotient. When I say 37 divided by five, I get my quotient turns out this operator with a percent sign means give me the remainder after division. So 37 mod five gives me two. And I'll put that in the notes here for today. So percent sign is the modulo or mod operator, sometimes called remainder also. It gives the result of the remainder after division of its operands. That means 37 mod five is two. And if I do something like, oh, let's say 52 mod four, that gives me zero because there's nothing left over 52 is evenly divisible by four. And you may think, oh, I'm never going to need this operator. That's pretty sort of sort of silly one. But trust me, it comes up in a lot of calculations and it's an incredibly useful operator. So as you go through your programming career, you will see it pop up over and over again. You heard it here first. Let's see what other operations do I have? Oh, there is no such thing as exponentiation. If I try to say two to the third power. Java will complain. If I try doing it with up arrow, which is something that you can do in other languages, Java will do something, but it won't be what you want. And don't ask me to explain why that is. It's a long and complicated and very ugly story. So question is, gee, how do I raise something to a power? And the answer is just like we need a method for doing printing system.out.println. We need a method for doing numbers to a power. And we're going to learn about this a little bit later, but I'm just giving you a preview of coming attractions. Math.pow23 raises two to the third power. We can also do math.pow2 to the one-half power to get the square root. How cool is that? So again, we have our normal arithmetic operators, and I'm going to put them in the notes here. And I'm also going to put them in order of priority. Parentheses are our highest priority. After that comes multiplication, division, and mod. After that becomes plus and minus. That means if I say three plus four times five. Am I going to get 35? No. Because multiplication is more important than addition, which means that we're going to get 20. And then I'm going to add three and that will give me 23. And if you don't believe me, maybe you'll believe Java. If I did want 35 out of this, I'd have to say, okay, I want the addition to happen first and I'll force that to happen by using parentheses. Now I'll get 35. And in fact, three plus four times five gives me 35. In case you have not noticed in all of these arithmetic expressions, I am putting blanks around all my operators, even the assignment operator. I'm also putting a blanks around that. And the reason I do that is because it makes the code a lot more readable. If we have complicated expressions, the more complicated an arithmetic computation gets, the more you're going to need the spaces to make it readable. Take my word on that one. So what have we learned about so far today? We have learned about variables that they have to have a data type. And we assign them using the assignment operator, whatever's on the right hand side of the assignment goes into the variable on the left hand side. And double, which we're going to be using for values that might have a decimal point. And we've learned our arithmetic operators, plus minus times divide and mod. They're about, by the way, a lot of other operators that we're going to be talking about later on. But for right now, I'm going to give you this and we'll add to that. I think there's something in the book at the back of the book where they have a list of all the operators and all their priorities. And you can look, or you can find that online at your leisure. Okay, this should do it for today's mini lecture. So really slow start, but once I got going, I think I knew where I was headed. What's we're going to do tomorrow's mini lecture? Well, let's give it a thought here. There's only one thing that I don't like about this program. And that is, if I send this to my cousin George in Pennsylvania. And I say, Hey, George, take a look at this. It figures out your age and days. And they'll say, well, that's nice, but I'm not 48 years old. And I don't know how to write Java. So how do I do it for me? Because I'm 52. And so gee, wouldn't it be nice if we could have a program that would ask the user, Hey, how old are you? And they could type in 52 for my cousin George or 19 for some student at Evergreen Valley College. And that would do the calculation based on their input instead of the user having to know Java to change the 48 here to 52 to make my cousin George happy. And that's what we're going to find out about tomorrow. But if you absolutely cannot wait for tomorrow, then my strong suggestion is that you look at sections 3.1 and 3.2. By the way, here, they're talking about the remainder operator. Okay, they get to it in chapter 3. Wow, I went a little bit ahead, which is okay. And we're going to talk about typecasts. The other thing I forgot to talk about is error messages. There's that's my first error for the day isn't forgetting about errors. That happens tomorrow. You have enough information to keep you happy. So see you all tomorrow.


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You know, from the time President Rajapaksa was elected, and you know, and even though the pandemic hit three, four months later, the regime had only one interest in mind. That was political consolidation, consolidating more and more power. So they were only focused on the parliamentary elections that followed. And soon after that, they passed the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, where they heaped huge amounts of power, centralized powers in the President. It was all about consolidation, and it neglected, as I mentioned, giving in relief to the people during the pandemic. And it has been a very authoritarian, militarized two years after the President came to power. You know, I find the Nobel Prize winner, Prof. Amritya, since research to be relevant here. You know, he is research on famines, and he says that famines are not caused by shortages. Famines are caused by the lack of democracy. Protesters have been camped outside President Gota Bayar Rajapaksa's house for nearly a week, demanding his resignation. Sri Lankans consider the Rajapaksa-led government responsible for the current economic crisis the country is witnessing. They are also calling for his brother, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, to step down, along with other family members who have been given post in the government. The crisis is being called the worst since the country's independence in 1948. It has led to severe shortages of food, fuel, medicines, and even water. The inflation rate in March was a record 17.8%. Fuel shortage has resulted in long queues at gas stations where the military was deployed following protests and deaths of citizens. The lack of fuel has not only created an electricity shortage but has severely affected every sector from hospitals to the printing press. What has led to this crisis? I see this as a much more long drawn-out crisis in the meeting. I would go back to 1977-1978 when Sri Lanka was the first country in South and Southeast Asia to liberalize its economy. This crisis has been in the making, I would argue, for a number of decades. But it was disrupted in a major way by the civil war, the long civil war of 26 years. It is after the end of the war in 2009 when actually Sri Lanka went into another IMF agreement. Sri Lanka has gone through 16 IMF agreements in post-colonial history, a significant one was of post-structural adjustment in 1977-78 when we liberalized the economy. In 2009 again, we went into an IMF agreement and we got the kind of positive report card from the IMF to be able to go borrow extensively in the global capital markets. There was a huge amount of capital that came into Sri Lanka because Sri Lanka was not only seen as a post-war economy, there was also a trend of after the global financial crisis of 2008 funds flowing into what we call the emerging market. So Sri Lanka was seen as an emerging market and a post-conflict economy. So a stock market in those 18 months after the war quadrupled. But this was a sort of a bubble that was created by speculative finance coming in. In 2016, as the economy continued to collapse, despite the goodwill of various actors, India, the West and so on, they had to go for another IMF agreement. Through this IMF agreement in 2016, again, we went and borrowed in the capital markets, sovereign bonds, where 40% of our external debt is sovereign bonds. So this accumulated debt, a form of debt trap, I would say, is what has culminated in this crisis. Of course, the disruption that came with the Easter attacks, the tax cuts and the pandemic have sort of pushed us over the cliff. But this has been a long crisis in the making. And it's important to recognize that because getting out of this crisis is also going to be long and arduous. The government announced on April 12th that it will hold foreign debt repayments for now because of the growing crisis. Sri Lanka's external debt is worth around 51 billion US dollars. The government has started dialogue with the IMF in the hopes of securing another loan. In face of criticisms, the president has dropped his brother Basil Rajapaksa from the post of finance minister and shuffled the cabinet. However, this has not been enough to quell protests and outrage. The police have been using tear gas shells and water cannons at protest sites to disperse the gatherings. The opposition has begun gathering signatures for a no-confidence vote against the government. Anger over years of mismanagement of the economy by the Rajapaksa government, from tax cuts to mishandling the pandemic and to the recent ban of fertilizers in the country, is continuing to fuel the protests. Sri Lanka had become considerably dependent in terms of foreign earnings. You know, there are three sectors, the kind of agriculture exports, maybe on tea, rubber and coconut. But the other two sectors, tourism, is what Sri Lanka was counting on. So all this investment that I mentioned, the beautification of Colombo, was all about trying to get the returns through tourism. The pandemic put a full stop to that and so it completely crippled the tourism sector. The other sector from which, in fact, we actually get more foreign earnings in reality, migrant workers going and working in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, you know, initially it was mainly women and now more tilted towards men. And those foreign remittances were also disrupted. So these disruptions meant that the government had to give out much larger relief. But that is where Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka had the lowest amount of relief, even in South Asia, with the pandemic. Part of it was the tax cuts that I mentioned just before the pandemic, soon after the election of President Gottabai Rajapaksa in November 2019, he carried out those tax cuts in December, by March the pandemic had hit us. So then we were already in a sort of austerity mode where we didn't even provide relief. Any relief that was given was mostly to businesses and the tourism sector. And given our sort of small holding, small producers in the various agriculture sectors whether it's fisheries, dairy, livestock, agriculture, it's very hard for us to compete in the global market with agricultural produce. So when they liberalized trade and they reduced state investment in agriculture, there's been a long decline and a dependency on in-course. We really neglected our food system along with liberalization. So when the pandemic hit, people actually on their own turned to agriculture. People from the urban areas went back to the rural areas. So the fellow lands were being cultivated and because at least through subsistence, they realized that they had to address the pandemic. And that is where last year when the government came out with a fertilizer ban, that crushed the hopes of the existing farming community and anybody who tried to work around this food crisis that was emerging. What President Gottabai Rajapaksa did last year is political suicide in the sense that he banned the fertilizer subsidy after the Green Revolution, after channeling all our farmers towards agriculture production with chemical fertilizers. And from being almost 100% self-sufficient in rice and our production costs are not something that we can export rice, suddenly the yields with the monsoon season has been probably dropped by 40%. If there was democratic consultation, if there was that democratic space, if the farmers would have not allowed this to happen.


Congresswoman Rashida Tlaib recently appeared on an episode of Skoll Duggery podcast, which is part of Yahoo News, and she was asked why she supports a one-state solution, and she's going to give a really thoughtful and nuanced answer, but what she's going to say is going to be supposedly controversial, according to some conservatives. They're going to say that her answer here is in fact anti-Semitic. But towards the end of this video, when we get to the controversy and talk about what they took issue with, I'm going to tell you what this is really about, because my theory is that this isn't necessarily about anti-Semitism, more than it's about foreign policy, because what she's saying here is bucking the status quo when it comes to foreign policy, and what a politician should be saying when it comes to Israel-Palestine. So we'll listen, and then when we come back, we'll talk about the huge debacle that unfolded, and this blew up. So Congresswoman, you've created something of a stir by coming out in favor of a one-state solution in Israel and Palestine. And I think you may be the only Democrat who's publicly supported a one-state solution. So what is your vision for a one-state solution that meets both Palestinian and Israeli or Jewish national aspirations? Absolutely, and let me tell you, I mean, for me, just a few, I think two weeks ago or so, we celebrated, or just it took a moment, I think, in our country to remember the Holocaust.  When I think of the Holocaust and the tragedy of the Holocaust and the fact that it was my ancestors, Palestinians, who lost their land and some lost their lives, their livelihood, the human dignity, their existence in many ways have been wiped out in some people's passport. I mean, just all of it was in the name of trying to create a safe haven for Jews, post the Holocaust, post the tragedy and horrific persecution of Jews across the world at that time. And I love the fact that it was my ancestors that provided that, right, in many ways. But they did it in a way that took their human dignity away, right, and it was forced on them. And so when I think about a one-state, I think about the fact that why couldn't we do it in a better way, where, and I don't want people to do it in the name of Judaism, just like I don't want people to use Islam in that way. It has to be done in a way of values around equality and around the fact that you shouldn't oppress others so that you can feel free and safe. Why can't we all be free and safe together? But a one-state solution with the right of return, I mean, just the math suggests that Jews would become a minority in that state. But Dan, that's not up to us to decide what it looks like, right? Just like when I have my African-American teachers taught me about neighborhoods they couldn't live in, taught me about places they couldn't work. But it's important to understand that separate but equal didn't work here, right? And we have to let all the self-determination happen there. But for me, that's the lens I bring to it. But I'm not a leader there. But isn't it giving up to say we're just going to—the idea of a two-state solution with two independent states that are sovereign and independent and free? Aren't you giving that up that dream? I didn't give it up. Netanyahu and his party gave it up. And the Israeli government gave it up. And it's not worth fighting for anymore. It's not me to decide. But just to be clear— It's the will of the people. If Netanyahu got up yesterday or tomorrow morning and decides, you know what? I'm going to take down the walls. I'm not going to expand settlements. Enough is enough. I really want to push towards two-state solution. He has every power, every power to do that. So it's evident to me when I hear her give that response that the reason why she supports a one-state solution is because she believes that's the only way that we can actually achieve lasting peace. If you extend suffrage universally to all citizens, if you give Palestinians equal protection under the law and constitutional rights, the same rights that Israelis have, then that's really one way that you can achieve lasting peace. And at this point, arguably, it's the only way that you can achieve lasting peace. But here's a portion that conservatives took issue with. Quote, and there's, you know, this kind of a calming feeling when I think of the Holocaust. Now, if you stop right where I just stopped, obviously that sounds horrible. And there's, you know, there's a kind of a calming feeling, I always tell folks, when I think of the Holocaust. It sounds like she's saying she takes, you know, this sort of comfort when she thinks about the Holocaust. But obviously that wasn't the point that she was making because when you continue reading and you get the full context, it's obvious what she was trying to say. And there's, you know, this kind of a calming feeling when I think of the Holocaust and the tragedy of the Holocaust. If you just go a little bit further, she says it's a tragedy. And there's, you know, there's a kind of a calming feeling I always tell folks when I think of the Holocaust and the tragedy of the Holocaust. And the fact that it was my ancestors, Palestinians who lost their land and some lost their lives, their livelihood, human dignity, all in the name of trying to create a safe haven for Jews post Holocaust, post the tragedy and horrific persecution of Jews across the world at that time. So essentially what she's saying is, even though the Holocaust was a horrible thing, thinking back, I'm glad that my ancestors didn't do what everyone else was doing around the world and in Europe to Jews. I'm glad that they tried to have this safe haven for Jews and welcomed them rather than shunning them or persecuting them. So when you have the full context of what she said, it's not controversial at all. I don't even think it's debatable. And can you guess what portion of her answer there they reported on? The portion that I stopped reading where if we just clipped out that sentence or half of a sentence, it would sound really horrible, right? Well, that's exactly what they did. So going to this headline from the Washington Examiner as an example, it reads, Rashida Tlaib says, thinking of the Holocaust provides her a calming feeling. Now, if you didn't know about what she said, if you didn't have the full context and you read that headline, wouldn't that be incredibly startling to you?  Yeah. So what they're doing here is they are intentionally taking her out of context to make it seem like she's some sort of monster who was pro-Holocaust. So in favor of the Holocaust, that thinking about it gives her a calming feeling. They're shameless. Conservative media is absolutely shameless. And I've got another example from the Daily Caller. Rashida Tlaib uses historical inaccuracy to explain why the tragedy of the Holocaust gives her a calming feeling. And of course, besides the Daily Caller and the Washington Examiner, Fox News took the time to spread this smear around even more, which isn't surprising to anyone, but a lot of the outrage really was propelled to a new level once conservatives started to chime in. So Liz Cheney also took her out of context saying, here's Rashida Tlaib's direct quote. There's a calming feeling I always tell folks when I think of the Holocaust and her history of what happened after is a fantasy based on lies spread to delegitimize the state of Israel. So she's legitimizing this smear by saying this is a direct quote. But at the same time, you're not being honest and providing people with the full context because if you go a step further there, just a couple words past where you stopped, you see that she doesn't get a quote calming feeling from the Holocaust. Who would? She's saying the calming feeling comes from the fact that her ancestors did not behave in the way that other countries were behaving during the Holocaust. But they don't care. The goal here is to smear, take her out of context to make her look bad. Now also Ben Shapiro says, Rashida Tlaib's comments were in fact anti-Semitic. They whitewashed the Jew hatred of Palestinian Arab leadership before, during and after the Holocaust. She denies the connection between Jews and Israel pre-Holocaust. President Donald Trump tweeted, Democrat Representative Tlaib is being slammed for her horrible and highly insensitive statement on the Holocaust. She obviously has tremendous hatred of Israel and the Jewish people. Can you imagine what would happen if I ever said what she said and says? Except you've said way worse than anything she's ever said. Take her most controversial statement, which is arguably we're going to impeach the motherfucker. And your worst statement is like 10 times more reprehensible than that.  It's not that they think this is anti-Semitic. It's that they think that this foreign policy position is completely unacceptable. Because what we have currently in DC is this consensus that you are not allowed to question Israel. Benjamin Netanyahu can build settlements. He can commit genocide, murder Palestinian protesters indiscriminately and with impunity. And he doesn't get any backlash from Western countries. We're silent. And if we criticize him, then we're anti-Semitic. So by her saying, by her advocating for a one state solution, basically she is doing something that you can't do. You can't question the consensus. You can't disagree with the status quo because they have a position. And if you don't accept it, then they will go out of their way to smear you. Now she responded to all of the backlash saying, Policing my words, twisting and turning them to ignite vile attacks on me will not work. All of you who are trying to silence me will fail miserably. I will never allow you to take my words out of context to push your racist and hateful agenda. The truth will always win.   You are taking representative tribes comments out of context and should apologize. And surprisingly Nancy Pelosi chimed in saying Republicans desperate attempts to smear Rashida Thlaib and misrepresent her comments are outrageous. President real Donald Trump and House GOP should apologize to representative Thlaib and the American people for their gross misrepresentations. Now credit where it's due for Nancy Pelosi because she essentially took Ilhan Omar and pushed her in front of the bus the last time she made supposedly anti-Semitic comments. But she actually surprisingly did the right thing here and defended Rashida Thlaib, which you have to do. If you are in leadership in the Democratic Party, when you see the opposition disingenuously lobbying this bad faith critique against one of your caucus members, it's incumbent on you to defend her. They obviously brazenly took her out of context because you all listen to the same audio that I listened to. In no way was she doing pro-holocaust apologia. She was talking about something else. She was making a very different point. But by taking her out of context, they can make it seem as if, oh, another Muslim woman seems to hate Jews.  So ask yourself why this is continuously happening to Ilhan Omar and Rashida Thlaib. Obviously it's because they're Muslim women. But most importantly, it's because they're saying things that you're not supposed to say. In Washington D.C., you are not supposed to question our foreign policy consensus. Look at Tulsi Gabbard and the way that she was treated when she went to Syria. She's being smeared as an Assad apologist. You can't buck orthodoxy when it comes to D.C. foreign policy.  The first two Muslim women in Congress are repeatedly and viciously smeared by bad faith actors so the riot can play gacha. And because these two brave women threaten foreign policy status quo, that is precisely what's happening. Nobody would really care about them if they weren't saying things that got people to think about Israel policy and Israel Palestine in a different way. Nobody's really thought about how our foreign policy and policy with regard to Israel is hurting Palestinians until now because we have two Muslim women in Congress. We have a Palestinian woman telling us how our policies are hurting other people around the world. That's ultimately what I think this is about, but certainly it doesn't help that there is a very large portion of the Republican Party base that is anti-Muslim. That feel uneasy with the fact that there are two Muslim women now serving in Congress, which is why they go out of their way to smear them. So this is nothing more than another bad faith attack. And if you think this will end here, this will be a trend. Republicans will keep doing this to Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib so long as they continue to speak truth to power. And it may be disgusting and demoralizing now, but I truly believe that when we look back at this and read about this in the history books, we're going to think about how ridiculous this was and how horribly the first two Muslim women were treated, all because we didn't want to actually do something to jeopardize this relationship that we have with Israel because they're in a geopolitically advantageous position in the Middle East and North Africa. And we want to be able to have sway over the region, so that means we empower one of our allies there. It's disgusting, but it's not surprising.


Howdy y'all and welcome back to theCUBE where we're live from Dallas at Supercomputing 2022. My name is Savannah Peterson, joined with Elle Davide today as well as some very exciting guests talking about one of my favorite and most complex topics out there talking about Quantum a bit today. Please welcome Ken and Matthew. Thank you so much for being here. Matthew, everyone's going to be able to see your shirt. What's going on with Hybrid Quantum? I have to ask. Wait, what is Hybrid Quantum? Yeah, let's not pretend that everybody knows. Everyone already knows what Quantum Computing is if we go straight to Hybrid. Okay, so with a brief detour to regular Quantum Computing. Yeah, no, let's start with Quantum. Okay, so you know like regular computers made of transistors gives us ones and zeros, right? Binary like you were talking about just like half of the Cheerios. It turns out there's some problems that even if we could build a computer as big as the whole universe, which would be pretty expensive. That might not be a bad thing, but yeah. Yeah, good for Dell. Cut the mill. Yeah, yeah. We wouldn't be able to solve them because they scale exponentially. And it turns out some of those problems have efficient solutions in Quantum Computing where we take any two state Quantum system which we'll explain in a sec and turn it into what we call Quantum bit or qubit. And those qubits can actually solve some problems that are just infeasible on even these world's largest computers by offering exponential advantage.  So by pairing a Quantum computer with a classical computer and hence the partnership between IQ and Dell, you allow each kind of compute to do what it's best at and thereby get answers you can't get with either one alone. Okay, so the concept of introducing hybridity, I love that word. I don't if I made it up, but it seems to fit. I'll give you credit for it. There you go. Hybridity, ding, so does this include simulating the Quantum world within the, what was the opposite of the Quantum world? Classical? Classical computer, yeah. So does it include the concept of simulating Quantum in classical compute? Absolutely. Okay, how do you do that? So there's simulators and emulators that effectively are programmed in exactly the same way that a physical Quantum machine is through circuits translated into chasm or Quantum assembly language. And those are the exact same ways that you would program either a physical QPU or a simulated QPU. So access to Quantum computing today is scarce, right? I mean, it's limited. So having the ability to have the world at large or a greater segment of society be able to access this through simulation is probably a good idea. It's absolutely a wonderful one. And so I often talk to customers and I tell them about the journey, which is hands-on keyboard learning, experimentation, building proof of concepts, and then finally productization. And you could do much of that first two steps anyway, very robustly with simulation. It's much like classical computing where if you imagine back in the 50s if the cube was at some conference in 1955, we wouldn't have possibly been able to predict what we'd be doing with computing 70 years later, right? That teenagers would be making apps on their phones that change the world, right? And so by democratizing access this way, suddenly we can open up all sorts of new use cases. We sort of like to joke, there's only a couple hundred people in the world who really know how to program Quantum computers today. And so how are we going to make thousands, tens of thousands, millions of Quantum programmers? The answer is access.  Very powerful tool. Wow, yeah, I'm just thinking about how many, there's, are there really only hundreds of people who can program Quantum computing? I kind of generally throw it out there and I say, you know, if you looked at a matrix of a thousand operations with hundreds of qubits, there's probably, I don't know, 2,000 people worldwide that could program that type of a circuit. I mean, it's a fairly complex circuit at that point. Yeah, I mean, it's pretty phenomenal when you think about how early we are in adoption and the rollout of this technology as a whole. Can you see quite a bit, as you look across your customer portfolio, what are some of the other trends you're seeing? Well, non-Quantum related trends, or just any time. I think it was both. Yeah, so. We're a thought leader. This is your moment. Yeah. So we do quite a bit, we see quite a bit actually, there's a lot of work happening at the edge, which you're probably well aware of. And we see a lot of autonomous MOBA robots actually lead the research office. So I get to see all the cool stuff that's really kind of emerging before it really takes over. If it's also secrets, what's coming next? Let's see, oh, I can't tell you what's coming next. But we see edge applications, we see a lot of AI applications and artificial intelligence is morphing dramatically through the number of frameworks and through the types and places you would place AI. Even places I personally never thought we would go like manufacturing environments. Some places that were traditionally not very early adopters, we're seeing AI move very quickly in some of those areas. One of the areas that I'm really excited about is digital twins. And the ability to eventually do acceleration with quantum technologies on things like computational fluid dynamics. And I think it's going to be a wonderful, wonderful area for us moving forward. So I can hear the people screaming at the screen right now. Wait a minute, you said it was hybrid. You're only talking the front half that's cat. What about the back half that's dog? What about the quantum part of it? So, I apologize, Ion Q? Ion Q. Yeah, Ion Q, because you never know. You never know. Where does the actual quantum come in? That's a great question. So you guys have one of these things? Yeah, we've built, we currently have the world's best quantum computer by some measures. Casual drop there. Yeah, yeah. No big deal. Just give me some snaps for that. Yeah, Kendall's had a pick of, yeah. So our approach, which is actually based on technology that's 50 years old. So it's quite, has a long history. The way we build atomic clocks is the basis for trapped ion quantum computing. And in fact, the first quantum logic gate ever made in 1995 was at NIST, where they modified their atomic clock experiment to do quantum gates. And that launched really the hardware experimentalist quantum computer revolution. And that was by Chris Monroe, our co-founder. So, you know, that history has flown directly into us. So to simplify, we start with an ion trap.  Then take a source of atoms. Now, obviously we're all sources of atoms. We have a highly purified source of metal, aterbium. We heat it up. We get a nice hot plume of atoms. We ionize those atoms with an ionizing later laser. Now they're hot and heavy and charged. So we can trap them in one of these fields. And now our electromagnetic field that's spinning rapidly holds the ions like balls in a bowl. If you can imagine them. They line up in a nice straight line and we hold them in place with these fields and with cooling laser beams. And up to now that's how an atomic clock works. Trap an atom and shine it with a laser beam. Count the oscillations. That's your clock. Now if you got 32 of those and you can manipulate their energy states. In our case, we use the hyperfine energy states of the atom, but you can basically think of your high school chemistry where you have like an unexcited electron and an excited electron. Taking your unexcited state as zero, your excited state as a one and it turns out with commercially available lasers you can drive anywhere between a zero, a one or a superposition of zero and one. And so that is our quantum bit. The hyperfine energy state of the aturbium atom and we just line up a bunch of them and through there access the magical powers of superposition entanglement. As we were talking about before, they don't really make sense to us here in the regular world, but they do exist. But what you just described is one qubit. That's right. And the way that you do it isn't exactly the same way that others who are doing quantum computing do it. That's right. And there's a lot of advantages to the trapped ion approach. So for example, you can also build a superconducting qubit where you basically cool a chip to 47 mil Kelvin and coerce millions of atoms to work together as a single system. The problem is that's not naturally quantum. So it's inherently noisy and it wants to deco here. Does not want to be a quantum bit. Whereas an atom is very happy to be by itself a qubit because we don't have to do anything to it. It's naturally quantum, if that makes sense. And so atomic qubits like we use feature a few things. One, the longest coherence times in the industry, meaning you can run very deep circuits, the most accurate operations, very low noise operations. And we don't have any wires. Our atoms are connected by laser light. That means you can connect any pair. So with some other technologies, the qubits are connected by wires. That means you can only run operations between physically connected qubits. It's like programming if you could only use, for example, bits that are adjacent with an ion-trapped approach, you can connect any pair. So that all-to-all connectivity means your compilation is much more efficient and you can do much wider and deeper circuits. So what is the closest thing to a practical application that we've been able to achieve at this point? And when I say practical, it doesn't have to be super practical. I mean, what is the sort of demonstration, the least esoteric demonstration of this at this point? To tie into what Ken was saying earlier, I think there's at least two areas that are very exciting. One is chemistry. So, for example, we have water in our cup and we understand water pretty well, but there's lots of molecules that in order to study them, we actually have to make them in a lab and do lots of experiments. And to give you a sense of the order of magnitude, if you wanted to understand the ground state of the caffeine molecule, which we all know, it has 200 electrons, you would need to build a computer bigger than the moon. So, which is, again, would be good profit for Dell, but probably not going to happen any time soon. That's kind of fun to think about though. That's a great analogy, that was, yeah. And in fact, it'd be like 10 moons of compute, okay? So build 10 moons of computer. I'm loving the sci-fi of it. Yeah, exactly. And now you can calculate caffeine or it just fits in a quantum computer the size of this table. And so we're using hybrid quantum computing now to start proving out these algorithms, not for molecules as complex as caffeine or what we want in the future, like biologics, new cancer medications, new materials and so forth. But we're able to show, for example, the ground state of smaller molecules and prove a path to where, you know, decision maker could see in a few years from now, oh, we'll be able to actually simulate not molecules we already understand, but molecules we've never been able to study in prior, if that makes sense. And then, yeah. I think there's a key point underneath that. I think it goes back to the question that you asked earlier about the why hybrid. Applications inherently run on the classical infrastructure and algorithms are accelerated through QPUs, the quantum processing units. And so are you sort of time-sharing in the sense that this environment that you set up starts with classical, with simulation, and then you get to a point where you say, okay, we're ready, you pick up the bat phone and you say, I want to... I would say it's more like a partnership, really, yeah. Yeah, and I think it's kind of, the way I normally describe it is, you know, we've taken a look at it from a really kind of a software development lifecycle type of perspective, where again, if you follow that learn, experiment, proof of concept, and then finally productize, we can cover and allow for a developer to start prototyping and proofing on simulators and when they're ready, all they do is flip a switch in a manifest and they could automatically engage a real quantum, physical quantum system. And so we've made it super simple and very accessible in a democratizing access for developers. Yeah, it makes such a big difference. Go ahead. A good analogy is to like GPUs, right? Where it's not really like, you know, you send it away, but rather the GPU accelerates certain operations. The QPU, because quantum mechanics, it turns out the universe runs on linear algebra, so one way to think about the QPU is the most efficient way of doing linear algebra that exists. So lots of problems that can be expressed in that form, combinatorial optimization problems in general, certain kinds of machine learning, et cetera, get an exponential speed up by running a section of the algorithm on the quantum computer. But of course, you wouldn't like port Microsoft Word. Yeah, exactly.  Not just that. You want to know exactly how much money is in your bank account, not probabilistically how much might be in there. Ballpark, in the realm of. Ten moon ballpark, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Ten moon ballpark, I'm going to be using that for the rest of the show. Oh, I love that. Ken, tell me a little bit about how you identify companies like IonQ and end up working with Matthew. What's that like? What's it like, or how do we find out? Well, I mean, what's the process like? So, you know, let's say I've got the. Yeah, yeah, yeah, we're not going there, though. Yeah, yeah, yeah, we're not touching that today, but. It's very personal, really. Yeah. You can answer these questions however you want. You know, no, but what does that look like for Dell? And how do you curate and figure out who you're going to bring into this partnership, Ness? Yeah, you know, I think it was a very long, drawn out learning opportunity. We started actually our working quantum back in 2016. So we've been at it for a long time. Only in quantum would we say six years is a long time. Yeah, exactly. That was cute, by the way. That was like, we've been doing this for ages. For a long time, yeah, a very long time.  Feels like it actually, believe it or not, but. So we've been at it for a long time and, you know, we went down some very specific learning paths. We took a lot of different time to learn about different types of qubits available, different companies, what their approaches were, et cetera. And we ended up meeting up with INQ. And we also have other partners as well, like IBM, but INQ, you know, there is a nice symbiotic relationship. We're actually doing some really cool technologies that are even much, much further ahead than the, you know, strict classical does this, quantum does that, where there's a significant amount of interplay between the simulation systems and between the real physical QPUs. And so it's turning out to be a great relationship. They're very easy to work with and a lot of fun too, as you could probably tell. Yeah. So before we wrap, I've got it, okay, okay. So let's get, let's get, let's get deep. Let's get deep for a second, a little deeper than we've been. So our current understanding of all this of the universe is pretty limited. It's down to the point where we effectively have it assigned to witchcraft. It's all dark energy and dark matter, right? What does that mean exactly? Nobody knows. But if you're in the quantum computing space and you're living this every day, do you believe that it represents the key to us understanding things that currently we just can't understand? Classical models, including classical computing, our brains as they're constructed, aren't capable of understanding the real, real that's out there. If you're in the quantum computing space, do you possess that level of hubris? Do you think that you're going to deliver the answers? To be honest, I think the more you're in the space, the more mysterious and amazing it all seems. But there is a great quote by Richard Feynman that sort of kicked off the quantum exploration. So he gave a lecture in 1981. So long before any of this began, truly ages ago, right? And in this lecture, he said, you know, kind of wild at that time, right? We had to build these giant supercomputers to simulate just a couple atoms interacting, right? And it's kind of crazy that you need all this compute to simulate what nature does with just a handful of particles, right? And famously he said, nature just isn't classical, damn it. And so you need to build a computer that works with nature to understand nature. I think the quantum revolution has only just begun. There's so many new things to learn. And I'm sure the quantum computers of 40 years from now are not going to look like the computers of the day, just as the classical computers of 40 years ago look quite different to us now. And we're a bunch of apes, but you think we'll get there. Yeah, I mean, I think we've, I feel incredibly optimistic that this tool, quantum computing as a tool, represents a sea change in what's possible for humans to compute. Yeah, I think it's that possibility. You know, when I tell people, right now in the quantum era, we're in the eniac stage of the quantum era. And so we have a long way to go, but the potential is absolutely enormous. In fact, incomprehensibly enormous. I was just going to say, I don't even think we could grasp what- From the eniac age, they had no idea of computers inside of your hand, right? They're calculating trajectories, right?  Right. Like, kids would be doing synchronized dances, you know? You'd be like, wow. Yeah. I love that. Well, on that note, Ken, Matthew, really great to have you both. Everyone now will be pondering the scale and scope of the universe with their 10 moon computer. 10 moons, that's right. And you've given me my new favorite bumper sticker since we've been on a roll here, David and I, which is just naturally quantum. That's one of my new favorite phrases from the show. Thank you both for being here, David. Thank you for hanging out. And thank all of you for tuning in to our Cube footage. Live here in Dallas, we are at Supercomputing. This is our last show for the day, but we look forward to seeing you tomorrow morning. My name is Savannah Peterson. Y'all have a lovely night.


Welcome to next gen platform week everybody. We have launches up to well three if you want to count the series s Maybe a side platform Different systems launching this week in the video game spear with the Xbox series s and x arriving tomorrow And then on Thursday we have the playstation 5 obviously We know which one of these devices is the most anticipated of course would be the series s Literally content of the straight face this playstation 5 of course it has the best launch lineup It has the most impressive UI changes I know some people aren't really into those UI changes You know there's personal preferences and all that but it is definitely a very feature-rich UI the hint system All that jazz kind of taken a cue from what Nintendo did back on the Wii U But just doing it better in my opinion And yeah, the dual-sense controller everything about the PlayStation 5 kind of feels new including the really bold Look of a PlayStation 5 however Despite this there are some concerns at buying a PlayStation 5 at launch No, there's always concerns about buying any platform at launch And I always tell people that even though I'm a tech enthusiast and I try to get my hands on this tech as soon as possible I will be getting an Xbox series X tomorrow as soon as I have the funds available Which I know I'm trying to raise a little bit through live streams, but we'll see what happens I plan to get a PlayStation 5 ASAP Hopefully I don't have to pay a scalper for it, but we'll see I don't believe in supporting the scalping market that being said I Want to talk about a key part of the PlayStation 5 that is actually a problem And I'm not talking about the fact that it advertises 8k on the box yet doesn't actually support 8k at launch So that's kind of weird. So if you went on bought one of those new LG OLED 8k sets, which are quite expensive You're not going to see any benefits from it I'm not even here to talk about how it doesn't support an auto variable refresh rate mode, which is basically Where you could take your your gaming experience and lower the latency Without having to manually go into your TV and turn on game mode most TVs do have a game mode But the Xbox series X supports just automatically putting your TV on that game mode When you're using the series X playing games So again, these are just a little minor gripes You know the 8k thing is probably extremely minor for some people because most of us won't own 8k sets Maybe within even the lifetime of these platforms or maybe ever for some of us So I honestly don't know that that's as big of a mission It kind of sucks about the VRR user experience, but the main issue I Have with the PlayStation 5 is The storage now we know it's got like what 664 667 gigs of available storage at launch Because the rest of it that 850 whatever gigs is taken up by the OS. That's okay.  It doesn't sound as bad as the series s of course, but it's not good You know, there's like an extra 200 gigs on an Xbox series X So again, it doesn't sound good But there was a lot of praise given to Sony because they offered the ability to use any PCIe Gen 4 SSD In their system, it's it's a standard MVME and that to drive that you could that you could just throw in there now It has to be PCIe 4.0 and some people were praising this because of pricing reasons There's no reason to praise it because the pricing reasons it's PCIe gen 4 which is exactly what Xbox uses and Guess what the pricing of those are right around the same price as the expandable storage for Xbox So they're not gaining a pricing advantage But you do gain a user friendliness advantage where you can choose Whatever brand you trust because a lot of people aren't fans of Seagate their Seagate has been known to have issues with their SSDs over the years Now I doubt there's gonna be an issue specifically with the one terabyte one That Xbox is using because they won't partner with them if they were not confident that it would be a part that's going to last but It is what it is Xbox said there's going to be more partners later. So there'll be other options later And Sony supposedly has those options out the gate or so we thought So two big things are working against the PlayStation 5 at launch It doesn't support the internal SSD expansion slots at launch So even though the slot is there and you can go ahead and plug an SSD and an MVID and MVME M not to PCIE 4.0. What a mouthful Drive into it. The system will not recognize it and you cannot use it So you cannot expand the storage internally on PlayStation 5 at launch. It is coming in an update later They just said later not even later this year later So I'm guessing that it won't be available till sometime in 2021 This to me Obviously is a sign that the platform is rushed and not ready because this is something you included But you're not supporting and having expansions of storage at launch is a pretty big deal on a platform They could get filled up with three games. Yes, three games can fill up the PlayStation 5 internal storage If you get Miles Morales, you get Demon's Souls and then you happen to buy Call of Duty You're done. Your storage is gone. You have no room for any more games And that's assuming you can even get all three of those games installed with the updates. So yeah That's a problem and you can't Expand the storage at launch or probably the rest of 2020. You're gonna find a lot of people Running in the storage issues Literally this week That is going to be That's not good now You could say well at least they announced that they will be that they support expandable storage on the outside So this is where you can plug in through one of their USB ports a External hard drive and you can at least store the games on there just like you can with the Xbox Series X Because for those who don't know Microsoft how did that? Hey, look, we understand this this external Memory card is expensive, but you can plug in any, you know any whatever you want USB capable Expansion drive on the outside whether it's SSD or not SSD and you could store all your next-gen games on there And there's just a simple transfer feature where you transfer games back and forth from the heart from the external hard drive to the internal hard drive It's really quick. It's nothing like having to re-download games and obviously eating up your bandwidth It's it's a very simple process Microsoft has set up for it to allow you to cheaply expand your storage And you know, you just kind of live with the fact you have to do a little transferring in between With games, you know that I don't know you're basically gonna keep whatever you're currently playing on the internal storage And then swap it out for games that you have on the external storage not that big a deal plus you could play all Xbox one games Directly off of that drive as well You don't have to transfer them to the internal storage although you get an advantage of doing so with the SSD So it's kind of a give or take but there's options Microsoft gives you options PlayStation 5 at launch does not support external hard drives Now they said that they're going to support external hard drives They're gonna support you storing games on external hard drives But it's not there at launch so you can't use external hard drives to store PlayStation 5 games Basically that's six hundred sixty four sixty seven, you know gigs you get at launch. That's it You cannot install PlayStation 5 games beyond that storage You have to delete games to install new ones which means having to re-download game and remember I said as many as three Games could fill up that internal storage raise your hand Right now in person. I'm out there raise your hand right now If you play more than three games in a given month and I'm you can be anything you can hop around in fortnight You know, maybe you know, maybe on a switch You know my my hop between fortnight or Mario Kart may pop in some Zelda quick play a little Luigi's mansion You know heck maybe you're you're getting ready for Age of Calamity playing that demo like I know personally I hop around games all the time and any given month There's probably a half dozen to a dozen games that I hop between some for quick multiplayer actions Some are longer sessions and I'm working on like a fire I'm on three houses, but in general I'm not just playing one game per month.  You just play Call of Duty. You just play Madden. That's fine But for a lot of people we like to play a wide variety of games to kind of suit whatever mood we're in or the time available Like when I say play Assassin's Creed Valhalla this year, it's gonna be for longer play sessions I'm not just gonna sit down and play it for you know a quick 10 minutes. It's not that kind of game That's something where you can hop into a multiplayer match in something for 10 minutes That's all the time I have plus I might not always be in the mood to play a single player experience like that So there's a lot of factors that come into play that make it so this is pretty much Unacceptable at launch but again something that we already know heading in the launch is a problem In fact, we already had one person on Twitter when I brought this up mentioned man I should have kept my my series X pre-order because I could have played next-gen earlier and I Won't have had to worry about storage as much and they switched because you know of the seagate 1 terabyte expensive drive Not realizing that all MVME drives on the PlayStation 5 are going to be expensive, too And you can't even use them at launch.  So Sorry Yeah, this is not Okay, and I do think both platforms. I want to be fair my criticism both platforms I don't think are ready to go Now I will note that I think the Xbox series X slash S is ready from a hardware perspective It is completely feature rich. It has 8k support. It supports the the variable refresh rate In turning your TV in the game mode. It supports the external hard drives and has expandable storage at launch There are zero missing touted features of the series S and series X at launch the console You get the UI you get the software you get everything is feature complete However without Halo Infinite. There is zero Big deal exclusive games at launch. There is one timed exclusive Sakura is there which is a timed Exclusive this is a curl. I don't know that's a cure. I forget what there's one Japanese game I can't remember its name of it that actually is Exclusive maybe Yakuza. I don't know that I get confused sometimes But yeah, there's one Japanese exclusive game that doesn't really look next-gen, but it is exclusive for you know Like six months or something, but yeah, I I honestly think that That without some better software at least something, you know at least at lunchtime when we have like, you know Rise son of Rome and a couple others It there was at least something to showcase the platform this time around It's yeah, they're pushing assassin's creed Valhalla hard because you can play it first next-gen tomorrow Where is it? You have to wait till Thursday for for PlayStation 5, but PlayStation 5 is missing key features has games Doesn't have all the features in place and the primary one being the storage issue because storage issue will be an issue day one I guarantee you there's gonna be someone who picks up a PlayStation 5 day one and has storage issues Literally within hours because they're gonna transfer some of their PlayStation 4 games to the internal SSD now Why are they doing that because they want that 60 FPS? They want those faster load times They want those next-gen upgrades because a lot of a lot of the games are getting these next-gen patches They want to play them and you're gonna have to do that on the internal SSD You won't be able to play those next-gen stuff on the external the external hard drive Assuming you can even plug it in and play the old library off of it day one Will not be able to have these upgrades. You'll just be playing stock standard PlayStation 4 It won't feel any different on the series or on the series X on the PlayStation 5 So this is a problem. It's a problem that needs to be addressed It's a problem that will be addressed someday in the future If you ever wonder why Sony's been very coy about their platform not giving reviewers as much time with it Not really deep diving as much into it as as people wish they would this is part of the reason why the system is not Technically ready to go. It will be feature complete eventually. It will allow you to have all the storage you want Eventually, but at launch Mmm. Mmm. It's it's not looking good now. Yes Xbox needs to catch up with games But at least the platform is feature complete now if you ask me What what do I care about most so I care about the games or care about a feature complete platform? The obvious choice is the games and that's why PlayStation 5 still looks like a great buy if you really Really have to have that remake of Demon's Souls like if you must have that remake now PlayStation 5 is gonna feel like a must buy But for a platform that's offering an all-digital version that you can't even put discs and not that just give a Matter anymore since you have to install the game In terms of the storage capacity it matters in terms of physical collecting and resale value I get that but in terms of actual storage it doesn't matter you install the game anyways I I'm just I don't think this is okay I think this is a big oof and I have to call it out. I hate it like I don't want to talk positively and once I have the PlayStation 5 in my hands I'm sure I'll have a lot of positive things to say and maybe by then they even support the more storage options But for right now I'm almost kind of glad that there was a big snafu with PlayStation 5 pre-orders hitting in that early making me unable to get one because That because that happened. I no longer have to concern myself With some of these issues right away I could just focus on the X and the switch this holiday and hopefully get a PlayStation 5 soon after and then I can You know, hopefully have some of those issues patched up by then We'll see so I think if you buy a PlayStation 5 you will be satisfied with the performance. You'll be satisfied with the games But you will be quickly dissatisfied with the fact you can only have a three on your system at once All right, folks, I'm Nathaniel Robert Jantz from Nintendo Prime Thank you so much for tuning in and I'll catch you in the next video


Oh hi there. Didn't know you were there. I'm just kidding. Hey a couple weeks ago I posted a video on wire ampacity and I got a ton of engagement on it. Except it was not the kind of engagement I wanted to get. This week I'm going to be discussing why some of you were upset and make sure you stick around to the end of the video because I got some great stuff to talk about and you're not going to want to miss it. Let's get going. So what did have everybody's knickers in a knot? Well it seems like when I did the last week's video when I did a wire ampacity and I discussed insulation ratings and temperature ratings and insulation, I may have neglected to discuss the temperature limitations of the conductors when terminating to different pieces of equipment. Now you might think I thought you taught this stuff. So how can you go ahead and forget something as important as that? Here's the deal. I don't want to make these videos super long. When I was doing the code videos I noticed that they're longer than my typical videos by sometimes like 10 minutes. So what I thought I would do is just kind of break it up in little chunks. So this was coming next, this temperature limitations for conductors. I promise it was coming next but perhaps I should have mentioned that at the end of the last video. So here's the thing, stick around for the end of this video and I'll let you know what's coming up. So if I forgot something, watch to the end and maybe you'll catch me on it, maybe you won't and we'll send me to the stakes. Okay so let's talk about temperature limitations for conductors. It's in the code. So I'm going to look at this as a code rule that we're dealing with out of the CEC, the Canadian Electrical Code. I understand that some of you are Americans and you are up working out of the National Electrical Code. So again if you want all you people who are in the NEC make sure you go down below here and in the comments mention where you find these rules for in the NEC. Now I know that it doesn't automatically always line up and it's not a one-for-one but I do know that there are some rules out there in the NEC that do line up and I believe that this is one of them. So here we go. It says here, where equipment is marked with the maximum conductor temperature limitation, termination temperature, sorry, the minimum size of the conductor used shall be based on the allowable opacity in the temperature columns in tables 1, 2, 3 or 4. With all relevant correction factors being applied as required by rules 4-004 corresponding to the maximum termination temperature marked on the equipment. That is the one thing I didn't mention so we're going to work it off of those tables, the columns, the temperature columns. Now remember we discussed in the last video and there is going to be a link up top here so if you're missing this you don't know what I'm talking about. Up there you see a little I click on that and you should be able to watch the last video or at least see where it is. So I talked about how the installation had temperature ratings and you always had to go with the lowest common denominator. So what this rule tells us though is that on top of that we have to consider the equipment that we are hooking up to and this is here in 2, sub rule 2 for the purpose of sub rule 1 and accept is provided for by other rules of this code where the maximum conductor termination temperature for equipment is not marked, the maximum conductor temperature, sorry, termination temperature shall be considered to be 60 degrees for equipment rated at not more than 100 amps or marked for use with number 1 AWG or smaller conductors and 75 degrees C for equipment rated more than 100 amps marked for use with conductors larger than number 1. So there you go we if we don't know what the equipment is and we know that it's rated at least we can figure out if you better know what the opacity is of that equipment. If it's below 100 amps or not more than 100 amps or up to and including 100 amps you treat it like it's 60 degrees Celsius. If it's exceeding 100 amps then you treat it like it's 75 degrees. So example number one three conductor number six NMD90 is installed in a 60 amp disconnect and the temperature rating is unknown. What is the opacity of the conductor? So what do we do? Let's go over to here and take a look at our table two so this is three conductor number six installed in a 60 amp disconnect. So number six our 90 would be 75 amps but because this is a 60 amp disconnect and we don't know what the temperature rating is of it we're actually going to have to base it as it is 60 degrees C because it is below 100 amps or 100 amps and below. So it's 55 amps is the opacity of the conductor again we're not using any of these columns we have to use the 60 degree column and that's where we get our 55 from or 55. What's the correct size of NMD used insulated three conductor copper cable to feed of 7.2 kilowatt 240 volts wire let's look at our steps here. Step one we're going to take the power and divide it by the voltage so we get 30 amps. Step two the temperature is unknown and the current is below 100 amps. Step three we're going to use the 60 degree column so we're going to the 60 degree column for 30 amps and it's going to be number 10 and there it is step four number 10. So that's it there's not a lot to it it kind of just builds on what we talked about in the last video on wire and opacity so that's kind of where we're leaving it at that so don't neglect the fact that it's hooked up to a piece of equipment and that equipment itself has temperature ratings. Okay I promised you at the end of here that I would offer you something good I have some interactive workbooks you might want to go check out I'm going to leave a link to them below in the description and if you can and if you get value out of these videos I've got a patreon page going I'd love to keep these things moving on and keep these things rolling if you could help out in any way a patreon you get some special perks you get access to the the textbooks actually the workbooks and they're interactive you want to check them out and I'll talk about them later on. If you haven't joined the newsletter yet make sure you hit that link below as well. Have a fantastic week we will see you all on the next week and as I always like to say in the words of Ron Burgundy stay classy. Great story compelling and rich.


Terutamanya, ketika anda bermain dengan perkara yang berinteraktif, ia selalu sedikit menyenangkan. Untuk bermain dan mencuba. Sebenarnya, sebuah kata-kata saya, adalah untuk mencari orang-orang yang membuat keadaan data, terutamanya jika anda telah melakukan apa-apa di Singapura. Kami sangat berminat untuk bercakap dengan anda. Jangan mencari saya kemudian. Ini bukan khas untuk untuk sebuah kata-kata teknikal. Jadi, maafkan saya jika ia sedikit lebih intro-ish sehingga kembali kepada sebuah prinsenter. Okey, saya bermaksud bahawa data visualisasi sangat kuat untuk beritahu. Dan ada banyak-banyak contoh. Bagi orang-orang yang menulis sebuah contoh yang sangat hebat. Jadi, tidak perlu pergi untuk ini. Sebenarnya, bahawa data visualisasi menggunakan data dari belakang dan menggunakan prinsenter UX untuk membuat ceritaan untuk audience anda. Jika anda... Dan cara yang saya lihat adalah bahawa ia menghubungi keadaan data tetapi ia tidak seluruh dalam keadaan. Ia mempunyai keadaan data dan keadaan data. Bagus contoh. Saya akan beri contoh. Ini semua data yang terdengar. Mereka biasanya hanya mempunyai keadaan dan mereka akan bercakap tentangnya. Kemudian, lebih baik untuk saya contoh, menunjukkan keadaan dan membuat keadaan. Sebenarnya, kita hanya membuat perjalanan keadaan dan membuat keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan. Jadi, jika anda... keadaan keadaan keadaan, anda mencari keadaan. Mereka hanya membuat keadaan keadaan keadaan yang menjelaskan informasi dan data dan keadaan lebih perlukan. Di website, di site yang terdengar, ada Zika dan Dengi di jalanan keadaan. Jika anda mencari keadaan, anda dapat menunjukkan semua keadaan di satu pagi. Jadi, untuk pengalaman dan pengalaman anda, ia sebenarnya menakjubkan. Yang terdengar adalah bahawa data anda harus dibuat dari persembahan. Seperti jika anda mempunyai semua keadaan keadaan, ia selalu mencari keadaan keadaan. Tapi ini sangat susah untuk mencari dan mencari keadaan. Jadi, jika anda mencari keadaan, untuk mencari keadaan, keadaan lebih tinggi. Jika anda mencari pengalaman, anda mempunyai keadaan yang lebih tinggi daripada semua keadaan. Jika anda mencari keadaan yang lebih tinggi daripada semua keadaan, anda dapat melihat dengan serta-serta di bawah kawasan. Dan ini lebih mudah untuk mencari daripada ini. Dan apa yang anda katakan apabila anda mempunyai keadaan dari persembahan, ia adalah jika anda mengembang keadaan di sebuah Google Doc, anda akan sebenarnya memubahkan keadaan keadaan keadaan. Okey. Jadi, saya akan menghubungkan keadaan keadaan, menghubungkan keadaan keadaan, dan tidak menghubungkan keadaan yang perlu dikatakan. Jadi, saya tidak akan menghubungkan keadaan keadaan. Tapi, saya rasa kadang-kadang ia bagus untuk menghubungkan keadaan keadaan. Untuk menunjukkan kenapa keadaan yang berguna dan penting. Dan ini yang kita beritahu untuk yang paling menarik untuk menghubungkan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan. Yang menarik adalah keadaan yang lebih tinggi yang berkongsi keadaan keadaan. Jadi, jika anda melihatnya dari 2011, keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan 15, anda dapat melihat keadaan. Jadi, dalam keadaan keadaan, saya tidak perlu menghubungkan keadaan keadaan. Dan ini sebenarnya anda sebenarnya bekerja dengan meja dan COC untuk memasukkan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan. Jadi, ia sebenarnya hidup, ia adalah keadaan hidup. Jadi, apabila keadaan yang berlaku, anda akan melihat keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan. Tapi dari keadaan keadaan keadaan anda, ini hanya beritahu bahawa anda boleh menghubungkan keadaan keadaan, tapi saya rasa ia sebenarnya sebuah keadaan yang lebih baik untuk menunjukkan. Yang lain yang menarik yang saya suka menunjukkan, orang yang tidak membutuhkan pada Singapura yang tidak membutuhkan, You have Zoe & Eva nine days when they actually call the elections, and then if you miss your vote you will be put an the non voters. Spoi voters are those who actually bothered to go down to a polling booth to spoil your vote. It makes a difference because in Singapore they mark whether you vote or not based on intent. So basically you spaced the amount across but if you mark a tick and then if polling booth official makes So, you actually spoil your vote. It means you really, really have to spoil your vote.  So, the interesting thing I would always like to say is that the higher, if you take a look at this rank, the darker it is, the higher the percentage of those who have spoiled vote lah. So, from a story-telling perspective, I would always like to say that if you compare this, we'll say the districts by party and you'll see that those with the least amount of spoiled votes, the lightest in colours, are all contested by a certain party and they're all contested by the workers' party. So, again lah, it's a nice form of story-telling. When we talk about using data vegetations as a form of story-telling, and you put it together with the context of a narration on the story, you can, part of the story I would just say is that it's self-evident when you look at it that way, right? Then, where Singaporeans feel that their votes matter the most, where you spoil the least amount of votes, actually, those that are contested by a workers' party, followed by those in the Singapore Democratic Party, I can throw you not any number of reams or stands because that's where you actually get the actual value from, but it's far easier to say it visually. Okay, from a story-telling point of view. Okay, and then we go to the other comparison examples. This part actually bleeds more into the design portion of this, when we talk about certain things, but let's see whether it loads. This one example is an example of thing that, from a point of view, when we talk to all the design at UX folks, I think that it's just complicated and it's very difficult to pass. It may, for an infographic, for a 2D infographic, it's just very hard to pass. Maybe you can put it in an interactive format and a 3D format. That might be a bit easier, but there are too many dimensions of content on it, from parties to none other than what's in the state, to who is contesting the world. But anyway, another quick one that we'd like to go through is our budget. The Singapore releases our budget every year, somewhere in February or March. But interesting things would be that of all the 20 ministries, there are only about 5 ministries comprising 75% of our budget. And that would always be interesting if you look from, it's easier to see from the visualisation itself. So okay, so typically before I always go to this part, we always ask like, I always ask strict questions like, okay, let's admit it. I always ask strict questions like, do you think that Singapore spends more on defence or less on defence currently than in the past? Okay, so who thinks that, okay, give you a context with that. Okay, at the last election, G elections, Paul Tambira, which from the STP was just saying that, Singapore should spend less on defence. Our government should spend less on defence. So I ask all of you from the crowd, do you think that we spend more on defence or less on defence, like in the last few years compared to our past, maybe say 10 years ago? Who thinks we spend more on defence? Raise your hands. Who thinks we spend less on defence? Raise your hands. Actually, I said it's a strict question. The answer is both, but depends on how you look at it. Okay, we always spend more on defence every year because of inflation and variety of things. So the total amount spent on defence goes up, which actually is a great section, this portion here. But vis-à-vis, every year, you can see the rate section moving down to us. Can you see it? As a percentage of spending across all other ministries in the total budget pie, the amount that we spend on defence has fallen year on year as it goes down. And the thing that actually goes up every year is this portion here, which is actually healthcare. Healthcare in Singapore is growing up. So again, one thing I would like to say when we talk about data legislation and talk about storytelling, is you always ask all these questions like, we should do this or we should do that, but it's also important sometimes to look at the data and then so that we can answer all these questions in a better way. So other interesting things that I always would find out is where do all our monies come from in our government? We've always been running a revenue neutral. Okay, other interesting facts, revenue neutral for every year except for 2015, which was our 50th which was the year that our founder, okay, why? Passed away. So they spent a ton of money they spent a ton of money that year. We're running a budget deficit and it's pretty rare for our government and in most cases, it's just a way they like to look at certain things. And one thing I'd like to explore is that from a data centric point of view, even when we talk to because I use my ex media we look at things it's sometimes interesting to look at things from a long term status quo data perspective because it gives you insights into things that that you may not see because on a yearly basis most of the time when we report on budget it often tends to be like what goodies the government tends to give you or what policies they look at it in some way. Okay, so all these all side points to my main thing that I wanted to talk about which is actually I'm trying to find people who do visualizations who do the three world okay, data vision and Singapore because I help I run Vis.sg which is basically it's a curation of all visualizations written by anybody in Singapore and if you think that it's useful please just drop me a note and I will put your stuff up. Okay, it started out as a showcase for the stuff that I do for the work that I do because I do data visions for a living basically I do dashboard in client book I do dashboard work for clients I design and I actually code it for the dashboard stuff like that and I've always gone to different groups like UX.sg or DSS.sg which again is a mix of different things but maybe going to a the technical cloud I talk to J.S. we can talk to actual developers actually also be a difference in that and a lot of these visualizations actually written by really really really really interesting folks from stuff written for example like okay this one is a gorgeous sg-taxing ability for a young chen so again they're more design base background but this is a is a is a nice hexbin base real-time representation right on taxi counts in Singapore okay with mad box as a back end okay and there are others who have done things like I like failure which is okay which is basically basically by dayan right he documented all the MRT failures right on twitter feed on the SMRT twitter feed and he agreed that as part of the data so i mean the visualization itself right is using standard APIs that he put together using google maps and put it together but the thing i really like is that the time i ever taken to aggregate all the all the data on the SMRT breakdown again these are either showcases written by people but that they think is interesting so i want to go ahead show all these people and say eh all these things are actually useful for Singaporeans if you want to find all certain things let me know we'll put it up and from anyone from data.gov.sg okay so they came up with a recent one on the school picker which is quite interesting this is by Demla so they have started come up their own apps because the data after all the open detail comes from them so this is an app that helps you based on what ECA is you want to choose where you live in the vicinity of school you enter in the you enter in all the details and then the visualize for you like what are the top branch schools based on that so and that is actually more or less about it it's not my own work which i'm not going to talk about so sorry that is actually more or less about it and basically basically my hope is that if you have done any D3 work okay any fine end D3 work and especially if you use us our open government data please come down to me we would love to put up all your stuff and then and post it up VisualSG is non-profit is community bottom-up basically we try to curate useful data visualization based on open data for Singaporeans and that's it and that's it but any questions sorry if this not your usual tech talk yeah sorry yes okay my main library of choice for all the visualizations is D3 which is by Mike Bostock D3 stands for data driven documents it's a very it's become the de facto sort of library for the other visualizations for front-end map for the web a lot of the stuff is leaflet which is involved over a map box so map box you can do a lot sort of crazy funky things with map box gl so you can have 3D layers and stuff like that so again it depends on the on the use case yes where's a good place to get accurate data oh okay I have I have lots and lots of interesting stories talk about that okay to be fair to the data log of SG folks they have been getting they have been releasing a lot more useful map data in the past their map data was a bit messy so you have to actually come out with the data points yourself again depends on what so for example they have some really good data sets like sub district level maps they have because there's no landlock maps they have but things like election maps you absolutely do not have so things like election maps are all stored as PNG files if you want to release it as map data somebody has to labororously probably trace out all of them you go through this is part and parcel part and parcel of doing the the world is that sometimes the data is not there or is missing and then you to impute and then the most interesting types of visualisation that comes when you overlay one data set with another data set so all our unfortunately unless you come with unless you use your own data source from some other if you're using open data and you probably come from the government if not you have to probably just draw your own maps so depending what it is but they have quite a good selection out of this yes Oh it's kind of a follow up for GTS or did you manage to get any data out of one map $T? I I one map not my favourite okay let's let's put it okay I would I would say I would say that you probably skip one map go directly to the government source themselves go to there got got because yeah the one map is just the presentation layer okay I'll give you examples okay before that that you know one map has a own API coder in which you you enter Singapore address and then no enter the Singapore postal code or address right they give you that long okay and it's supposed to be more accurate than because it's after all local it's a government but we found out based on that one we did for Dengi not very accurate lah so we were using google maps ah which is 100 which is a lot more accurate lah except for certain points ah so you have great limits with google maps that's true but even then it's more and there are also some errors like for example like google maps like if they don't know if they don't know where this address is they will just plong the pointer in the center of the island but we found that you're using the google API okay compared to the one map API had better results I haven't looked at it in several years maybe they've updated the API and it's now better because the one map ah it has a lot of data there highlights different parts that's true but i think that all the data for the different data layers right you can probably find the information somewhere somewhere on the data log of the sg it's just a slice of the data if you're looking for pure data you can get from there if you're looking for mails then maybe somebody else yes cool you're experienced with google maps is that it's geographically accurate the left level the at least the eight at least the the yalah the API encoder yeah that's that's what i found out for myself too so what's that you have confirmed is not i haven't looked at it in years and it was the the original version looked is the final i mean the rendering was in flash so i haven't looked at it in years so not where the technology of finance is going anyway so yeah thank you