Okay, can everybody hear me? It's really two, actually quite a few nice things here. I think I'm gonna watch the tip. But for some reason, tip doesn't set up, which I think that it does. I'll flip to OSTK. I have to have a fast day here today. I have a lot going on today. So I'm hugely happy that, or very happy that we have good gaps and we don't have to wait around. They're either gonna work or they're not. And I think they need to work quickly and soon, which is the best normally. Take a quick look here at the market. Market looks very, very strong to me, even though we're gapping down. So I think we hold today. It may not be in the morning, maybe later in the afternoon, maybe into the close. I think we close green today in the market. I'm predicting that here at 9.27. Dow looks weaker than the other two indices, but I still think we hold. And so we'll see where she goes. If you're in Bava, if we have time, we'll discuss it today. If we don't, we won't. But obviously that did work out. It was a really nice call. Really nice call. And the option is so far out that, if you didn't get out of it yesterday, which you could have with some profit, it really looks great. Qualiver, I will look at that. But honestly, we have two really nice gaps. So what is today's day at the 16th? No. This is not better than the two that I like. ABGO, there's nothing here. That's absolute bupkus. Let's look at this. This is if you're here in the morning. So I wouldn't do anything with this here right now. I don't wanna watch this. This is if you're here in the morning, this Adobe. So I haven't called any trades on the Adobe, any options trades, anything at all. Man, this is a tie. What to do, what to do? It's a tie. All right, I'm gonna have them both up. It's a tie to me here. Oops, that's not what I wanted. Yes, I think the market ends up higher today. That's what I just said, I think. Didn't I just say that? Lou, today is the main one up tip in the middle and I don't know what I'm doing and you'll have to roll with it here if we do the tiff because of the flip. And obviously, this top will be much, much different in tiff versus OSTK and this doesn't look like it's open yet. All right, OSTK, first target's 40, it's almost there. That's very interesting, this isn't open yet and now it has a 50 cent spread. Tiff is not open yet. What is up with that? No, now it's open, didn't have this over here. All right, we're being careful. I'm not in anything yet. Talked about this yesterday, we're not jumping the gun on anything. And if we do nothing today, we'll live. Okay, I'm watching tiff here still. I'm watching everything. But we don't have anything setting up yet. Wow, I thought one of these would work. I'm not at anything, I haven't even called any trades. Yeah, I had the screen up wrong on tiff but I'm just watching both these things now and right now it's nothing to do. Okay, stop on this, it's OSTK, 4210. Let's do 99 by 10 and I hope we get something better than that because that's way bigger than I thought. 99 by 10 OSTK, I feel okay about.  Just pull your hands back. Screw it, I don't think we're doing anything today. No, man, is that very weird. I'm not doing anything yet. 41 then, 41 then Bob. I didn't notice that it's every five cents but either way here, it just hit 41. I'm not in it. I'm not in it, I'm not in it. In fact, that trade is off. I mean, I just, I don't like anything right now here. Tiff is wild but I really felt that I had the conviction it was lower but I don't like the way it opened. This I had no idea it was a five set increments but I obviously would have seen it by the time I hit the trade in. If you did it, you're in it. The stop was I think was way too big. And if I ever call anything like that then just use common sense. If I say 99 then take it at the whole number. Cause if I don't notice that it's in five cents increments just use common sense. You could take it at the whole number or take it at 95. But either way, I didn't do this. I didn't do this. This isn't really what I wanna see. I've done nothing and I might not do anything. These are what I wanna see. Just gonna sit here for a little bit. So no official calls on. That didn't do what I wanted. This looks very crazy but this I did like the best. The spread is like this in Tiff. It does have a wide spread but it really can have a big move. I just don't see anything to do yet. And if this flips over the high then it's not even gonna ever set up today. Okay that's completely off. It's completely and totally off. Let's go watch the one I originally liked. I did nothing here yet. Oh this isn't working out with my schedule.  Okay let's do 99 by 80. And if that actually works and hits that is actually a great stop for this. 99 by 80 Tiff short. Here, here just take it. Just get in. Just get in. It's gonna go over and get the stop in. Don't worry about it. If you got failed past the price just take the trade and get in. We have the stop at the right place. 98, 80. Here it goes. Here it goes. Here it goes. And quick target on this down to 97 because it's too bouncy. It's way too bouncy and if we scalp something it's better than nothing. It's way better than nothing because this is really actually very wild today. Under the low 97. First number in Tiff and if it doesn't break it out here we're gonna get it out of the low. One quick trade. It's better than nothing. My hand is on the button right now in case it doesn't break the low. Oh this spread is really changing a lot here. I thought it was good at where we put it but come on just break the low. Back here. Quick change of stop and put it at 90 because of the spread. Just move it quick to 90 so we don't get dinged out in the tail. Put it right at 90. I think we're gonna get out of this soon but just move it. Move it, move it, move it so you don't get dinged out because the spread is winding up too much. I wanna get out of this with profit soon but just move it to 90 just to be safe. Here we go. Through the low. Here, tip, tip, tip, tip. Here, tip, tip, tip. Okay, there you have it. That's the morning. Yay. 96 still could happen but that was just way too wild. And I almost had resigned myself to doing nothing today which would have been fine. Should have been absolutely fine. Okay, okay. Here we go. The market, market, market and market's gonna hold. Market's gonna hold a close green today by 359. We will be green with a green bar. Bar could be small, could be medium, could be large, could be baby. It will be green. Let's go back to this. Here, is anybody still in it? 96. I'm all out. You're welcome Jasmine. Gotta get here early. You've been signing in late. Great job in that call. Thank you. Shoot, this was a whipper snapper here. Really, this looked like the open. This didn't look like the open to me with the volume. Did it get to 96? 96.56. You love me? Thank you, Jasmine. Thank you. All right, let's look at this one here. No, don't do it. And no, I did not notice it was 5 cent increments. You just take it. Use common sense if I ever don't notice that in something we're doing again. I don't keep track of these nor do I care. And this is not an exact science anyways. Let's go over to the market. Oh, Baba, for those of you that are in it. Looks good. Looks good. Why does Baba look good today? Somebody right in the room, go. Why does Baba look good today? Oh, you love my spirit. Thank you, Jasmine. Zen trader, are you in Baba? Barry, I think you said you weren't gonna do it, but I think you shoulda. Why does Baba look good today? Besides the market? Took out everything else? Let's look at what else is happening here. Today is Friday. Let's see if there's anything out at, I think everything's out, 8.30, all data. No, 10 o'clock, 10 o'clock. Two things that 10 Michigan consumers sent in it. I guess I'm probably gonna have to notice something about that. You wanna enter Baba today? Well, I wouldn't wait too long. I don't know what you're waiting for. The sky to fall or something. The call was yesterday. If you don't get in it soon, you're gonna miss it. I don't know what you're waiting for. What was I gonna look at? I forgot now. Shoot. It's very important about Adobe. Okay, so who's in what? Did anybody hold this down? 9615, it almost got to 96 basically there. Very whippy today. Great entry, got the move. Again, wasn't expecting to do anything then because it acted so strange, so weird. And then it dropped, then it worked. And if you had a little bit longer, good. If you didn't, don't worry about it. It was a nice call, it was a big move. It's very wild, it's very whippy. It'll start to move smoother probably under 96, but that may not hit right here. It may take another half an hour, another hour, whatever. So really, I squeezed our way in there because the stop really should not be even where we had it. So we kind of fudged it. It worked. Baba targets, that's right. Brent's in here today, let's talk about Baba. First of all, don't get confused. If I have a video review on YouTube for play of the day, that's a day trade. If I say Baba option trade, that's the option review. It's two different trades. And you're in the option letter. So, I mean, that was a day trade yesterday and the option's still in play. Your targets will be different. Your risk will be different when you have an option versus a day trade. It's completely different. So don't get confused. You were looking at the day trade thinking you should have been out. No, if you're in the option, if you wanted to, listen, if you wanted to day trade these ones that I'm calling, you can do it. But then you would take the expiration out the soonest possible, which was not the trade I called. And here this goes right now. And Zen trader, if you're not in it, I mean, you're gonna miss it. So, you know. Anyways, if you do these for longer times, you're giving yourself the cushion for a bigger move. The move is over the high. I gotta be honest with you. That's where the move is. I mean, wherever it goes, whenever it gets there, I'd wait for some help with the market. But honestly, this looks great. Cause if you look at this and you look at the market, it's very clear. Help with the market will push this over the high. 210 in the time that I called it. I'm not saying I have to hold it till there. But if you wanted to do it yesterday as an option as a day trade, you wouldn't do it out till whatever date I called it. So you could have done that, but you would have been up more money than 200 some bucks or whatever you emailed me. So, you know, I don't know how long you wanna hold this. The first target really was hit yesterday. But if you did that out for a longer option chain, you would have, that wouldn't have made any sense. Cause you would have paid up to get out quick that doesn't make any sense. So the equity trade was the video on YouTube. Don't get confused. I will say option. I'll say it in the title in the jiggy. As far as this goes, you know, first target obviously 204, 205, 206. 210 in the time I called the option. That's not a dream target. It's a real target with the help of the market out for the time I called it cause you got plenty of time. Zen trader, you are in it now. Okay. And the market is, market's gonna close green today. All right, let's look at everything else really quickly. Got a quick short today as well. No gaps that were amazing. Yes, Tiff worked. Yes, we did it. But it wasn't like sick. It wasn't amazing. And the market's strong. And I'm telling the market's gonna close green today. Could be baby, could be medium, could be large, could be massively large. There's people that are short this market, which is insane. Apple nothing here yet. Let's just look at everything to see if there's anything anywhere else. Give me any other ones you want me to look at that are bullish that I can take a look at to see if they're setting up with the market. As of right now, no, but let's take a look. Don't say Netflix, leave that be. You know what? I'll look at Facebook. Babbo was a good call. I was a good call. I was a good call yesterday and we'll go over that trade also for Gypsy.  Is anyone still in this? This probably could end up working too. And I think everyone killed it. Did everyone kill the Facebook option? Cause it looks like it's gonna work. Is anyone still in this? Did everyone kill it? Frisco killed it. Anybody else? I said you could kill it and take it again. I really don't want to give an official call here today. Maybe I'll wait till next week. See how we close today. LV farmer killed it. Cream ever killed it, yeah. I said yesterday you could all kill it and retake it, but I just, it's probably gonna work. That's so, I think the only ones that didn't work, well, EXP, I can't even say it didn't work cause it was profitable, but it just wasn't a hundred percent turnaround. And CMG still on. I think almost every option call that I've given has worked. And we can say EXP didn't because I don't think it was a hundred percent turnaround or even 50%, but it was positive. But they're all gonna work and even the market. And I think everyone killed this too. I'm pretty sure everyone killed this too and I still think it's gonna work. And that's hilarious. I'm seeing things very early. Here, tiff, tiff, tiff, tiff. Broke 96 on its way to 95. Now you should get some good selling. Happy for the quick trade today. I have a lot going on and I knew I had to leave early. So it was either do a good one for quick out or don't do anything at all. If you held this down, it dropped even more. Another buck plus and here it goes. And it looks good to 95. Yep, looks great. Trend trader asked about this. You haven't done the class so you wouldn't understand but this gap rated well. And there was no reason not to do it. I did not like the way that it opened, like a crazy person, but it is tiff after all. And I think this potentially could go big today now. Under 96, I mean anything's possible here. Let's look at all the other ones here. Any questions in the room if you have any? Does anyone have any questions? Ask me now. Guess no one has any questions. This was falling, falling. This is still falling. Walmart's probably down today with Target, let's see. All right, everyone should be up. Everyone should have a good day up. Easy day, quick one. Let's go over for Gypsy, the Baba Day trade and then we'll call it a day. WMT is trying to hold but I doubt that it does. Koala, you didn't get tiff. You can do it anywhere it sets up again. Actually, it already did just set up again but I didn't call it. But you could pretty much probably play this all day. You'd have to wait and do it in 15 minutes. But if you didn't do this then you should be flat. I am having fun on TV. Did we talk about that earlier the other day or is it in my mind that I wanted to talk about that in the room? Did I talk about my talk with Gala? Had about having fun? I forget, did I or didn't I? I know I talked about that with him. It's on the video on YouTube. Did I discuss that in the room or not? I didn't, because it's interesting that you said that. I did a little video with Gala had the other day where we were reviewing the Netflix. And let's just look at where this is. And one of the things that I pointed out to him which I just realized, I realized and it's true for everyone really. You perform much better when you're having fun. So if you're having fun trading you're probably doing very well. If you're not, then you're probably not. So you will perform the best when you're having fun and when you enjoy what you do. And when you don't, then you're probably not gonna do good. And even when you do make money it's just not enough for the fun.  So enjoy what you do. And I brought that up to him because I noticed that it seems that he's not having fun anymore trading. And if he could get back to the fun parts of trading he'd do better.  And obviously you thought it was fun at some point if you don't think it's fun now which I would think that you would. I mean, this is pretty fun to me here. Actually it's still going. But part of trading and in doing it is obviously you need to be profitable but you'll perform better and you'll see things better and you'll just be more relaxed and you'll just be better if you're having fun and enjoying it. If you're even enjoying the process of learning. Learning from me and learning in the class and learning in the room and the learning process. When it becomes problematic and it's a drudgery then everything's hard and it's not fun anymore and then why are you doing it? Here, oh my God, look at this it's going to 95. I could have held this down at least a little bit more but it really was very whipping. Anyways, make what you do fun. I'm having fun with TV.  I'm having so much fun and it really shows. It's obviously shown. It is showing. I am giving it my all and I'm having fun doing it. So when you find something that you really love that's fun, you're going to do so much better at it. And to me reading charts is fun. Predicting where things are going to go is fun. The fact that I can say the market's going to close green today and if I end up being right which I think that I will, I don't know. I'll find out. I won't be in front of a chart at four but I can be able to see in my phone where the market will be. That's fun. It's fun. Making money is fun but so is being able to make the predictions where somebody's going to go. This, this is pretty good here. I really did like this this morning. It didn't even bother me. They didn't rally it over a hundred. It didn't even bother me the way it opened but I didn't want to take a $3 stop. So we kind of fudged this entry and the stop in this. And I guess that's why also that I wanted to get quick out. Look, it's going to break 95.  Is anyone still in it? Here, here it goes. Things are taking a beating. The retailers really. Is anyone still in this? Wow, who knows? This is going to go to some crazy number today. It's a crazy number now. Because it really was at 100 just a couple of minutes ago. Like I just said. Actually, it went over it I think. 114 was the bar at 931. Stock has dropped $5. $5 it's dropped since then. You wouldn't have shorted that bar but I'm just saying. The direction was down. Tango Bravo still in it? Oh my lanta. That's the biggest trade that you've had. Because you're new. Anyways, make what you do fun because you're going to do a lot better. People will notice. You will do a lot better. You'll be happier in life. And that's why I'm saying even about the sizing. Sure it's fun to make a couple thousand dollars in a minute but it's more fun when you're consistently profitable and you're enjoying it rather than you're totally stressed out.  The trade goes on to work is predicted and you killed it because you were really at risk too much. And then it's not fun.   Remember why you thought this was fun. What's the fun part about trading? Write it in the room right now. What's the fun part about trading besides the money? What's the most fun part about trading? I'll be farmers that I'm the best at every after buying a look for me on TV today. All right, go farm.  I think girls said everything. Koala Bear said winning, true. Reading the price correctly, that is very fun. Making the predictions correctly. It's a whole lot of fun. What else? What else is fun about this thing here? Let's go back to Baba. Self mastery, absolutely. And that's what is very frustrating for people too. I get that. I totally 100% get that because when you're trying to master yourself and you realize it's on you, it's challenging for people. It's one of the reasons why people have such a difficulty with trading as well. It's also the issues surrounding money too. But look at Baba. What's so amazing about this from yesterday? Reading the price correctly, Gypsy's got it. But what else, really? It's the perfection. It's the utter perfection in this chart. I mean, you can't really get any better than that. I stopped yesterday. The trade. Where was it? Where was the stop yesterday when I called the trade? Go. Come on, it was only 24 hours ago. My land to no one remembers or everyone's asleep? Barry, where was the stop yesterday in Baba when I called the trade? Gator. No one is answering me. Have I lost sound? Nope, that's not where I called the trade. That is where we moved it. We moved it down. That's true, but that's not where I called it. When I called the trade in a lot of time, I said, boop, and it came out of my mouth, the price. I just went, do, do, do. And I called the numbers. What number did I call? Not where we ended up moving it. I said, well, we'll give it a little bit of a wiggly jiggly. And we moved it down a little bit. But when I first, first called the trade, where did I say to put the stop? Gypsy got it. Did it ever go into that number? The answer is no. It never did. It literally did not. That is super fantastic, super califragilistic. I mean, that's the kind of stuff I love about this because you can't make it up. I could not have called that more perfectly where that needed to hold. And I was exactly right. I mean, every once in a while, it happens. Actually, it happened in SIG. I said $38. At 9.20, I said $38 SIG today, Dream Target. And it got there. I mean, every once in a while, I will call something that is so exact that it almost shocks myself. I shock myself. There it is. The low of the day was $196.52. So that's fun. That's really fun. Whether you could have seen that or not, some day you will, the fact that you saw that I called it though still makes it fun, too. And whatever amount of money you made in this, a little, a medium, a lot, if you didn't hold it over the high fund, if you did it three times like Koala Bear, even better, if you did it once it got out, that's OK, too. You didn't suffer through the pullback. But either way, to see that that would hold that number, to even just be a part of this is very exciting because it proves to you that you can. That's the biggest, biggest point I want to make. And then I really do have to get on here because I have a lot going on today. But the biggest point I want to make is the fact that I can see that means that it's possible. Means that it's possible. Because if I can see it, someday you will, too. Because I taught you what to do. And even though you're in the process here and some people know more than others because you've done the class umpteen years ago, the point is the fact that I can predict that. The fact that I can see it, and I'm right so often, means that it is possible. And if it's possible for me to do it, then it's possible for you to do it, too. So that is exciting. And it should be exciting. And it should be fun because a lot of people can't do that. But because I know so much and I've taught you what I know and I can do it, you have a chance to do it, too. And that's really exciting. And it's fun. And it's fun to be able to call numbers like that so well, too. So and the speed of the moves, the speed of the moves which nobody said. Trading gaps for the fast moves, that's very fun. That's a lot of fun. It's a lot of fun to be done with your day at 10 o'clock. Even if you didn't have everything to do today, if it was a beautiful summer day and 85 degrees, you could go to Central Park. I mean, there's a lot of fun reasons to trade. So find the fun back in trading. For me, it is the numbers, the seeing that, making the predictions, just knowing, I mean, just all of that. My intuition, that's so heightened to read the price action. The Babbo is just a great example because we did get whipped around.  And so it really was wild. But remember, the stock is almost 200 bucks to share. So it is what it is. What did OSTK do? Yeah, this was a bust. My enthusiasm makes it fun. Thank you. Yeah, so if you're not having fun trading and ask yourself why, you've made it drudgery and you've made it too difficult. It's supposed to be fun. The most successful people in the world do enjoy what they do, okay? There's lots of reasons to enjoy this. I am enjoying TV immensely and it's just one of many things that I'm doing. But it definitely comes across. It is very exciting. I'm having so much fun with it. It's the most fun thing I have in my life right now that I'm doing. And here this is setting up again, actually. If you want a short tip again for a quick trade down, you can put the stop at 96.70. 96.70, not half bad of an entry here. You're looking to be able to break the low and if it doesn't get out, or a quick scalp. Late entry, if you want to wait for the five, you can. I'm not doing this, but if you want to, you can do a second one around. It's breaking, it looks good, it's lower. What time we do it? So, Baba, if you didn't get out of it for a quick little tiny profit yesterday, which we did out for the expiration date I called, then you wouldn't have. Then you were in this for a big move and you don't know when it's gonna be. It could be today, it could be tomorrow. You don't know when. So, Galahad, don't try to predict. You wait. You wait till it happens. It already started, you're in it. It started the move. You're waiting for the big move. It's gonna happen. Gypsy, I will look at your emails and maybe we'll do a video or something, but I really don't think you're doing anything necessarily horribly wrong. Taking a quick profit in this yesterday wasn't a terrible thing to do. It really wasn't. It was very wild, it was very whippy, and if you lost conviction and wanted to get out fast, I can't fault you for that at all. I mean, that's not the end of the world. I'll look at the rest of the stuff that you wrote and maybe we can do a video and talk in general, but I don't think what you did yesterday on this here was problematic. A lot of people got out fast. Let's see where SIG is. Sizing can be challenging. It can be challenging. That's true because the trades do set up fast, but like I said before, I would have a set amount, whoa, this is still weak. Wow, look how weak this is still. I would have a set amount in your jigging that's small enough that you could tap it twice or three times if you need to, whether it's 300 chairs, 400 chairs, 500 chairs, 1,000 chairs, so that you don't oversize yourself, but again, sometimes you might end up oversizing yourself a little bit because if you have 500 chairs in there and you go boom, boom, and you press it twice and then you have 1,000 and you really should only have like 700, then you are oversized, that's true, but then you could just be really quick about it, get the stop in, quick take some out and put the stop back in again. So I mean, that's my biggest suggestion for this and this does look like it's gonna roll over again. I don't know what you're talking about it back bad about what your question is then trader. Are you in the trade or not? I called it yesterday. Are you winning or not? Yes or no? If you're in it, you're in it. You gotta wait till it makes a big move. How will you know? You won't know till it happens. Galahad tries to calculate the seconds of the days like Galileo for when the planets are moving, but no one knows. Any questions about anything from anyone about anything at all? If not, have a great weekend. Happy St. Patrick's Day. Have a wonderful fun weekend. Watch basketball or do whatever you do, okay? And I will see all of you on TV later today if you wanna watch on two places tonight. Big afternoon, fun weekend. I'll see you back here Monday morning early. If you need me, email me, but give me at least a day to respond. All right, we'll talk more about the fun stuff later. Next week, remind me. Have a good weekend. Thanks, Tri-Roh.


Hey Psych2Goers, welcome back to another video. Thanks so much for being here. With your help and support we're able to succeed in our mission to make mental health and psychology more accessible to everyone. So thank you. Now, let's continue. Many of you liked our previous video on habits that can damage your brain. So we made this as a follow-up video. Do you have a bad habit that you want to change for yourself? Sometimes habits can sneak up on you. What started as a momentary slip-up has now become a part of your established routine. Bad habits are more difficult to break because they become hardwired in your brain. Neuroscientists have found that for a habit to stick, it goes through a three-part psychological pattern called a habit loop. The first step is the trigger, which prompts your brain to execute the behavior. The next step is the behavior itself. And the third step is a reward, which encourages you to repeat that behavior in the future. Luckily, habits can change. So here are a few ways to get rid of your bad habits and make better choices. Number one, identify the habit's structure. Do you know what your bad habit is? If so, that's good. If not, then feel free to check out our video mentioned in the intro. The first step in changing a bad habit is to properly identify it. Maybe you have a bad habit of biting your fingernails or eating too much junk food. Even though these things are a self-copy mechanism triggered by emotion, it may now be an unconscious habit of yours. Some problematic behaviors can become so ingrained that you no longer see them as a habit. And that's okay. You do have the power to change those habits. Try reaching for a bottle of water or a handful of pretzels instead of sugary or fatty foods. Or paint your nails when you get the urge to bite them. This serves as a distraction and can also help you feel better by doing something nice for yourself. Number two, find the triggers. Now that you know what you want to work on, figure out what triggers that bad habit to kick up. Is it a routine response to your emotions, to your environment or a particular situation? Typically, triggers will fall into one of these five categories. Place, time, emotional state, other people and proceeding actions. Under what kind of circumstances do you usually engage in your bad habit? If you have a habit of having the TV on while you study and that's become distracting for you, change the study location or move the TV out of the room. If you feel like your trigger is emotional, take a second to assess what you're feeling at that moment. Reach out to someone you trust who can help you handle your emotions that you're feeling. Or try to remove yourself from the environment that's triggering those emotions. When you're able to identify your triggers, this helps prevent you from going into habitual autopilot. Number three, eliminate the reward. That third step in developing a habit is the reward associated with it. Habits can also develop when good or enjoyable events trigger the brain's reward centers, releasing dopamine. And this is what makes bad habits so hard to break. You can override the reward center by penalizing the habit and rewarding yourself every time you do not engage in it. If you're someone who eats sweets whenever you're stressed, you can replace eating sugary foods with a brisk walk outside to more effectively deal with the stress instead. When you get back home, treat yourself to a healthy fruit smoothie. It's a way to reward yourself for not eating the sweets, and it's a healthier choice for you overall. Number four, take baby steps. Eliminating a bad habit does not happen overnight. It takes patience and consistency. Remember to take baby steps. Break down the habit into small, doable behaviors. For example, if you have a habit of sitting on the couch at dinner time, maybe make a habit of cleaning off the dining room table so you can eat there instead. Not only will you feel good that you cleaned and got something done, but it will make it easier for you to achieve your goal of sitting down for dinner at the dinner table. When you make these small, positive behavioral changes, it will keep you motivated and inspired to keep trying altogether. Number five, change the environment. Psychologists believe that your environment plays an essential role in the habit formation process because it provides you with cues on how you should behave. So if you're having trouble getting rid of a bad habit, try to change the environment. According to Charles Dewick, author of The Power of Habit, the best time to change a bad habit is during vacation. A vacation takes you out of your regular environment, changes your daily routine, and eliminates your established environmental cues. Next time you're on vacation, take advantage of that time to try and replace a bad habit of yours. And number six, find a substitute. Do you know that you don't technically get rid of a bad habit? You actually replace it? In getting over a bad habit, you normally have to develop a better alternative to choose from instead of that bad habit.  Make a list and visualize the new behavior you hope to engage in. Use a prompt or enlist the help of a friend if you feel you need it. Creating a plan will help you identify the bad habit and react faster when the urge happens to creep up on you. Replacing your bad habits with better ones is not easy. It's a process that takes time. Remember to be kind and compassionate to yourself throughout the process and go in with a plan. Do you think any of these tips will help you to change your bad habits? What are some of your bad habits? Tell us down below. If you have anything encouraging to share with our fellow Psych2Goers who are struggling with this, feel free to share them down below too. And please like and share this video if it helped you. Anything could help someone else too. The studies and references used are listed in the description below. And don't forget to hit the subscribe button and notification bell icon for more Psych2Go videos. Thank you for watching and we'll see you next time.


If you don't know about me, I used to be a huge underachiever, but through obsessive self-improvement, I found my success. Earned a college scholarship, played for my national football team, a YouTube channel with over 100 million views, I've helped players worldwide, and I'd love to help you improve faster and achieve more. If you like this content, check out the Soccer Success Planner, you can download it for free, there's a link in the description below. And for advanced training, check out the Online Soccer Account. If you like this content, check out the Soccer Success Planner, you can download it for free, there's a link in the description below. And for advanced training, check out the Online Soccer Academy.


I'm an architect and I'm here today to talk a little bit about what we do. We start with sites like these and we remove what gets in the way. We put up buildings that consume a lot of resources and are quite toxic. And really every architect today needs to be a little bit green and we do that by minimizing our negative impact. This is an approach called Mini. So here I am working very hard to minimize my negative impact. On a good day I might pepper the project with solar panels and then remove a few more trees for an electric car and I get a green building certification for it. Now I'm on the cutting edge of contemporary architecture. So what I had before was a bad building and what I have today is a better building which really is just a less bad building.  Now I have a radical idea and it goes like this. If a person is dead, the rest doesn't really matter. And the same is true for green building. If we've killed the site, the rest doesn't really matter. So if we start with this here, all we're doing as architects is we're displacing the ground plane. If we're really clever, we shift it a little further and we create even more green space. Now if I apply this to what the world really looks like today, brown fields, and I start with dead sites and I bring them up to this level, suddenly I'm being regenerative. I want more buildings, as many buildings as I can possibly get and suddenly I'm designing almost as intelligently as nature does. We spent eight years mapping this out, first with materials and now with architecture. It's turned into a bit of a genome project, mapping the DNA of how nature designs. We call this project Reset, regenerative ecological social and economic targets. Because we're like a challenge, we've done it in our adoptive country of China.  It had two kinds of trees. One frog is made from river dredge and polluted fish ponds. This is it before and this is it fully regenerated. So what we've done is increased habitat, increased biodiversity, sequestered carbon, and when you start designing with nature, you can start doing pretty crazy things like inputting dirty water and what comes out the other end is clean water and topsoil. Suddenly, I want to use this project as much as I possibly can. Then we take these ideas and we move them downtown. This is a project in Shanghai, where the rooftop generates the original wetlands that used to be in Shanghai. So this serves birds passing through, it serves, more importantly, to filter the water of the building below. And in the process of doing this, we end up with 25% more green space with the building than if we didn't have it. Now, we take all these ideas and we start inputting it into our genome project. And suddenly we realize it's going to take us a thousand years to fill this genome project. That's not so good. So the good news is that there's thousands of designers working on exactly these ideas around the world. So we've spent the past four years making this open source so that we can collect the best ideas from the world's leading pioneers and host them here. Once we've filled out this entire genome project, we'll be designing almost as intelligently as nature does. And we'll be compressing a thousand years of research in hopefully what's just a couple decades. All of a sudden, we won't be living in a world of minimization, but one of regeneration. Thank you very much. Thank you.


Good evening friends. Those who have been connected with Beyond Law CLC, webinar series, they would be knowing that we have been taking a wide spectrum of topics which would help to facilitate in the legal empowerment of the society in one way or the other. So we all understand that Advocate on Records examinations is not that all lawyers intend to take until or unless they intend to practice in the Supreme Court. But be that as it may, once who is a lawyer or a student of law would always understand, like to understand the nuances of Advocate on Record, what is the intent of that? What is the subtle distinction between what we say a lawyer advocate or an advocate on record? And what is the purpose behind it? That would be one of the layers out of the entire series, entire session of today, though the speaker Charumathur was an advocate on record. And if you want to Google around, we'll find there are a lot of sessions by Charumathur taking sessions on the aspects of Advocate on Record. So much so, she has been a mentor for large number of AORs, which can be bounced on the social media. So we thought that why not get the insights from a person who has a deep dive into it. And normally like we are taking sessions in the English and some in Hindi. Today there will be slight, they say twist in the tale of webinar telling. That would be in Hindi English. So the friends who are connected with us, and in this journey and this thing, they keep telling us to do something different. When we are taking the steps of that journey, we thought why not understand Advocate on Record. How do we crack it? Cracking of any examination has its own skills, skill sets and challenges. They say that all the labels know about exams and all the books of law. But what special skill sets do they need? If they get a good mentor, it's better. We also know that in 45 minutes and 1 hour, you won't be able to understand how to advocate on record. That you have to crack the papers. But as they say, well-began is half done. And today we feel that if we can actually have these saplings for tomorrow, they will be better trees if one can understand that. And they can always connect with that. And so we will just request Charumathumam to first give how she intends to take the session forward. Does she want to take it in the straight? The thing or she would like to split the session into some parts. So that they can understand the journey as they say, not legal journey as such, but understand the webinar part, how it will be split up and how can they go forward. At least in my office, everybody is quite excited. They may not take the exam of Advocate on Record as such as on today. But as they say, destiny destines, man proposes God disposes. You never know where one lands up. Before we go about to go live, I was talking to Charumathumam. I could understand that she has shuttled her professional journey from Rajasthan, Gujarat and to Supreme Court. And that itself shows the fascinating journey and the fascinating part of the life as it unfolds. Over to you ma'am. Thank you Vikas ji. Good evening everyone. First of all, thank you Vikas ji for giving me this opportunity. I am a long follower of Beyond Law CLC. It is doing a great service to the society and because of this pandemic, we have come very close to these webinars and lectures. So every cloud has a silver lining. I think the silver lining for this pandemic was continuous learning that all of us have undertaken. Now coming about to the AOR exam, this session I would like to split it into three parts. So first part I would like you to know because I understand not everybody might be aware with the structure of AOR exam. So I would like you to know the papers that are available and should know what all papers you have to write. Then in the allotted time, I would like to explain you how to prepare for each of the paper. And then I will try to share my own experience and the experience of the people we have entered recently. And they have cracked the AOR exam. In the last class, I took around 15 of them have cracked the AOR exam. And so I would just like to share some experience and some tips if you can say that. Now as you all know that Supreme Court is the apex court of this country. And as far as Supreme Court is concerned, the predecessor of the Supreme Court was the federal court. Now when the India became independent, then also federal court continued till we got the Constitution of India and the Supreme Court came into being. So before that, when the Supreme Court came into being the judges of the federal court were the ones who were taken as the judges of the Supreme Court. So at that time we were having the system of agents. So persons who were filing the cases in the court in the Supreme Court, they were known as the agents. So if you take out any old case, you will find ABC I slash B by DEM. So DEM was your agent instructed by I slash B come up with instructed by. So an agent whom we call now advocate on record. So Supreme Court continued with the Supreme Court rules which were formulated way beyond before our Constitution came into being. So Supreme Court rules 1950 and all those things that were there, we modified that. It was only 1966 or so when Justice P. B. Gajendra Ghatkar, he was the Chief Justice of India and he said that we need to have our own rules to govern our apex court. So that is how Supreme Court Advocate on Record Association came into being and the Supreme Court Advocate on Record rules 96 came into being. So how the rules come? So if you look at the Constitution, I find the article 145 of the Constitution, how the court will govern its business. So article 145 has the power as Supreme Court. The rules you made for that who can appear before them, who can plead before them and how many appeals were heard how will they sit and what combinations will happen. So it is under article 145 and the President gives it an extent that yes, the rules are true. So as far as Supreme Court is concerned, there were articles 145 of the Constitution. the constitution first of all we had supreme court rules 1966 and eventually they were modified to keep up with the time and the kind of cases that were coming to supreme court in 2013. Now the rules which are governing the supreme court procedure and the practices supreme court rules 2013. So now I would like to tell you that advocate on record exam is quite challenging exam. When I passed at that time the passing rate was barely 3% or 4% so here I passed there were around 20 or so avas were made but last year around 200 they have made and initially if you see there used to be just two or three avas per year that they were making there are only 3000 or so avas who are practicing in there. This includes this 3000 number is the total number of avas right from the avar code one to the last avar code which is given which is around 3000 or something. So you can understand that it is a prestigious exam. Now the question arises what is the need for avar? So if you pick up supreme court rules you can advocate on record is the only person who can act as well as plead before the supreme court. Now the reason for making advocate on record was that in supreme court you get matters from all over India. When all the matters are coming from India you require some person who will be answerable to court. So advocate on record is one person if you look at the rules that he should have an office in the radius of supreme court in the radius of 16 kilometers he should have a registered clerk and he is answerable to court. If there is any fees in the court then advocate on record is personally liable. So advocate on record is a responsibility position but I will say that few of us have maligned the profession by just signing the brief. So this is not a correct practice so you should be involved in the matter that you are conducting. Now coming on to the exam How to pass and what is the paper. So there are four papers first is your practice and procedure paper, second is your drafting paper, third is your professional ethics and advocacy paper and fourth is your leading cases paper. Now I will start with the first paper which is your practice and procedure. So practice and procedure before I start you must know there are the regulations regarding advocates on record examination. So before I start giving you details about the paper, I would just like to tell you what you have to do to pass it. You should be able to pass it. You should be able to aggregate all the papers in 60% and in each paper individually 50% and above. So there is a board of examiners which is constituted by three supreme court judges and the papers are set by either by the supreme court judges or super seniors, super designated seniors who set these papers and do it correctly. These are the people who check the papers, generally the seniors. So if your aggregate is not 60% and you get a chance to write in one paper, you can give it up to five times the exam and apart from that if you fail in eight times, then you cannot rewrite the exam. So these are the limitations that you should know. Now coming back to paper one which is your practice and procedure. As I was telling you if you look at the regulations for AOR exams which are given, just give me one minute. So they have given you the syllables for the examination. So for paper one, you need to know relevant provisions of the constitution of India. You need to know supreme court rules. You need to know provisions of CPC, principles of general clauses act, bit of court fees act. Now supreme court rules you should know supreme court matters. There are some matters which go only before the registrar. You need to know those matters also. Then you need to understand how to file a petition. Supreme court rules. But if you analyze past papers, you will realize that 40% of questions are asked about the jurisdiction of supreme court. So you must know your constitution as far as the jurisdiction of the supreme court is concerned. You must know that supreme court has got original jurisdiction. It has got appellate jurisdiction. It has got advisory jurisdiction. Then it takes references which it comes to the court. If there is a dispute between state and state or state versus union, the subject matter itself is for the constitutional interpretation of the federal structure right between the states and union or states and state, you will get all those disputes in supreme court. You should know that specifically if you look at the constitution, they say that water disputes between the two states, they should go to the water dispute strategy. This is an important thing that you should know. If you look at article 32 of the constitution, which Dr. Ambedkar said is the soul of the constitution because constitution gives you various fundamental rights. But if you don't have a remedy to enforce them, that is why article 32 is part of part three of the constitution. So you should understand that why it is important. You must know the various types of grids because there are many times questions have been asked about what are the types of grids. So I think all of you know about that. So what does it mean? Does it mean that the order of high court is final or you notice that there is another issue or the order of supreme court is final. So these are some of the issues which I can think of that you must know. After that, in the original jurisdiction, how do you challenge vice-president of president election petitions? How do you file a transfer petition? What can be a CDFIR transfer or just a case filed? Only those can be transferred. It is the place of residence of a person where they are residing. Only then cases can be transferred. So these are some of the issues which you ought to know. So a very important question came from the Supreme Court. President of India is asking for advice from you that you can deny it. So in fact, Supreme Court has held that yes, I can deny that I don't think this is a question worth advice. It is not worth it. It can be on a political plan that this matter is coming. So the Supreme Court can refuse to give the advice. And only if they find that this is a case worth hearing in open court, then Supreme Court has carved itself a jurisdiction which is not available anywhere that is a curative jurisdiction. So what are the grounds on which you can file the curative petition? What are the grounds on which the courts here, who are the judges who can hear? So for the curative petition, there are three senior most judges and two judges who heard it. But in one case, it happened that three senior most judges heard that matter and it was his curative. So fortunately, all the only three judges were there. They were still there and the curative was fine. So they only heard and they decided. So the matter came to the Supreme Court and it is for the want of the strength of the bench. The curative petition was not heard by the right number of judges. It should be heard by five. So again, the interpretation went to the provision of curative petition are required to hear. And if it so happens, he will be the same log. That is a fair adjudication on the same. So these are some of the aspects that people that you will find in paper one. I would like to close my name to the Supreme Court judges. What is important is to close the name of the Supreme Court judges when they are writing the judgment and it can just be order of the court. After this, there are many things that you must know in the Supreme Court rules if you file petition, because it is the work of AOR that all work should be done right. So the procedure of the Supreme Court, the format, how many copies should be there. Now as the format has changed in the Supreme Court, you have to use A4 size paper. And now e-filing has become very common in the Supreme Court in the post-pandemic. So questions have come up on how we should do e-filing. So one of my suggestions is that you should see your website of the Supreme Court very well. And if you are practicing in the Supreme Court, you must try and visit the Supreme Court registry to see the actual working of the Supreme Court. Now coming on to that, people who are actually practicing in the Supreme Court, they have cleared their exam in a go, because they are doing that every day. But there are people who have taken a break off, say a year to sit and study at home for to clear this examination. Like when I was doing it, my son was very young, so I took 2 months to prepare for his exam. But my husband was doing it 6 years ago, so he hardly took 10 days or so to prepare or less than 10 days. He was there appearing and doing these matters regularly. Now moving on to paper 2, which is your drafting paper. Now this is a very tricky paper. In this, you get half an hour to read the paper. And it is very important that when you read the paper, you will see what is going on. You don't start from the beginning that in the Supreme Court of India, you don't write a list of dates, don't write synopsis, don't write anything. They might ask you to just draft the question of long. You just do that.  So as far as drafting paper is concerned, you will have to draft very carefully. You will have to draft exactly what is asked. And most importantly, don't get stuck on one question because last time in the paper, this drafting paper question number 1, people wasted their hour and a half to understand what they have asked. So usually you will find a choice just move on to the next paper. So usually you will be asked to draft a selfie which can be civil or criminal or transfer petition. You can be asked to draft a repetition and you can also be asked to write draft civil appeal under this thing. Usually they are asking for IBC now, how to draft a civil petition. So these are some of the issues which I would like to tell you about. Now drafting the paper is very subjective because the person who is checking it, he might have a very different way of a drafting of A is very different from drafting of B and very different from drafting of C. So you should try to be concise and precise in this for the drafting. But let your creative juices flow when you go for drafting, but be very clear what you are writing and how to adjust your time. Now coming on to your paper 3 which is your ethics and advocacy. In this you have to look at the bar council of India rules, you have to look at the Advocates Act and you have to look at many cases that contain jurisdictions particularly with this conduct of lawyers. So as far as this is concerned, you do not have a typical outline of what you have to do. So this is a very open paper. So you should generally be aware of the fact that this is in this conduct, this can be a disciplinary procedure. Is this ethical or not? Like the question is that the age of the internet, everybody is advertising why are you putting this embargo on them.  And such a question is often asked that you have an excuse and they tell you that they have murdered you, save me. So as a lawyer, what is your duty? Will you go and report that potential client to the police? Will you take that matter or will you not take the matter? What is the cab rank rule? You have to take whatever matter, you have to do it. Then there are cases that you have not done, if you know that brother has done this paper, tell me, I want to take the property from him. So what is your responsibility? Then there are contingent fees to be questioned. When you talk about third party litigation today, you talk about litigation funding, so what is the contingent outcome of a reputation or any matter, you can take contingent fees from it. So Supreme Court has recently given a list of few cases which you should read which are concerned with the misconduct of a lawyer. What are the disciplinary proceedings? How we should keep our profession a noble profession? How we should work upon to keep this profession as a noble profession as well as ensuring that the lowest-run person is the financials of that person are taken away. A lot of times the question has come that when you learn from a senior, then it is a tradition of a teacher. So should a senior give you a stipend or not? If a senior is working without a stipend, then is it morally and ethically right? Now thereafter we come to paper 4. Now paper 4 is your leading cases paper. Now this year the Supreme Court has given 64 cases which you should read. A question can be asked and it is not a straightforward question. Like how they have applied in the subsequent cases so you will have to read the cases. In this paper you get the Supreme Court reports which are available to you. But what I suggest is if you have not read them, read not read the headnotes at least, it is impossible for you to do this paper well. I do not want to scare you. The reading cases paper is one paper which you can crack easily. But at least you need to ensure that whatever questions you have about the leading cases you can answer. So my suggestion is that you should start reading the latest cases in that list. Like if you have a judgment on privacy of Putta Swami's judgment, you should read that at least the headnotes that what are the criteria, what is the dignity of a person. So you have to see which other judgments you have made. Likewise, you will have to see how to formulate that answer. It is very important that we write the answers in such a way that we have only 3 hours and we will not be able to answer the questions. So very often, as they have said in the Sharat Birdi Chanta case which says that in circumstantial evidence when we can convert a person, when his equity can be reduced. So they have laid down 4 or 5 principles in that. So you must know. If you have headnotes, but until you read them one by one, it will be very difficult. Likewise, if you look at 10th schedule of constitution where there are many cases and they are frequently asked. Because we are getting a lot of cases which deals with the 10th schedule of the constitution. Then there are cases which relate to the reservation in the professional courses as well as reservation in the employment. How do you go about those reservations? How will you do the reservation or how will you not do it? Can we increase from 50% reservation? If it goes up from 50%, then the reservation is valid. So you should know that the answer to the TH question is to go to Indira Swamiji and see. So this is my suggestion to you is that you at least glance through the headnotes. And if you are practicing one of the most important things is that when you read the leading cases you will get the vocabulary and the same vocabulary you can use in the drafting paper. So you make your own target that you have to read leading cases or at least one of the days or if it is too long you have to do it one by one. If you make your target then it will be very easy. Now coming on to some tips that I want to give to you the first and most important thing is this paper handwritten written by hand. And you know this example that after 5 years of your practice of registering as a working under an employer for one year you are entitled to write this paper. And within 5 years while working on the computer or giving you a dictation you have forgotten to write with your hand. 3 hours of writing with your hand should be very legible. That is the biggest thing. Papers are tough but what I have seen in my experience is people are suffering only because of the poor time management that they are not able to finish the paper. Our goal is to get only 60% marks and clear the exam. It hardly matters if you pass as the last candidate who has cleared the exam or you top the exam. Everybody is going to be called an advocate on your phone. These days when things are going on you will come to give interviews to see how you have studied So my first tip is to practice writing with your hand. I remember when I wrote my hands were hurting like hell. The people who talked to me they were swelling on their hands for writing. They couldn't write. And it is a continuous 4 days paper 1, 2, 3, 4. So we don't have the time to write for 12 hours. Practice writing with your hand. Take past papers and after writing try to read them on time. And don't read a question especially for drafting paper. Don't understand what to do. Move on to the next question. Attempt it and try to clear. So this is my broad guidelines to you regarding your AOA exams. Now because there are other questions I would like to take them if you want me to explain more in detail I can explain for the details. And just to add one more thing that for books there is this for practice and procedure Raju Ramchandran sir's book which is again by EBC called practice and procedure you can use that and there is no other way other than drafting how you can draft only by practicing writing those papers. Right? Ma'am like we were all talking what will you recommend for the purpose of even drafting the SLP etc what should be the key points to be taken note of. See if you see any paper of last year one very important thing I forgot to tell you is in the drafting paper there is a relevant section given below. More or less it comes in all the papers until and unless there is a general provision like if there was a question on the question of Hindu succession then they had given the relevant provision if you want to file a divorce petition then they have written it so you will use your language in the drafting paper if they have given the question which is given if they have seen all the dates you have to make a list of dates you have to give synopsis you have to write a question of law and you have to give a provision below suppose I am writing my marriage letter then what are the grounds that text will be provided to you of the provisions of the relevant provisions you have to make it if you have any case then you have to put the case in the ground but if you are not throwing then you have to check because they are arguing like we are law students sometimes we write the name of the case law don't make that mistake because it gives you a very negative impression but at least the name of the case is correct this is by Ashutosh she says list of books which we should refer to in some situations see for practice and procedure by Raju Ramchandran this is by B.R. Agarwalas it is known as so this is the only book which is available and which covers everything for practice and procedure this is the book available that you can use then you should always use the Bayer Act go through it of the Bayer Act of the Supreme Court rules 2013 if you have any questions you will get everything on this and apart from that we keep getting lectures on AOR exam preparation and even I am conducting course on this AOR exam preparation so you can have a look on that but for drafting there is no book as such which is available but what you have to do you have to practice for drafting and the next is list of cases which you suggested could you share it on the whatsapp group so you can share it with me I will share it in the group and otherwise also normally if I asked while drafting in SLP because normally boys would ask what should be taken into consideration while drafting the SLP itself in a normal course I am not saying see this is a very basic thing that we need to understand what is in SLP in SLP only the order passed by High Court which is an extraordinary jurisdiction will it interfere or not so when you draft SLP you have to write in the order you have to tell that Supreme Court will consider that because that is its extraordinary appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court though it is not related with the session we will take one question what will be the distinction between article 136, 141 and 142 see article 136 as far as you are talking that is a special repetition so special repetition it will be covering see we don't have court of appeals like you will have in UK etc after High Court Supreme Court and 136 Supreme Court how does 136 work so when you come to Supreme Court 136 file a petition if Supreme Court thinks that this is the right thing then Supreme Court will notice the other party if you have to decide then court will grant a leave when Supreme Court leave is granted that means your petition will be appealed in Supreme Court and it will be decided then your doctrine of merger if you are talking about article 141 and 142 then article 141 it is the law of the land and 142 has to do complete justice between the party right so this is the distinction between the two so between doing complete justice between the parties under 142 till now we were giving this matrimonial or personal cases but the Supreme Court judgment Union of India vs Ashishya Garwali we have seen that they have used it even in the tax matters 142 which is a very rare they have used such of article 142 just as Amar Shah said we want to reduce the tendency and by one stroke of pen he has done away with almost 90,000 appeals so there are people who are critics and there are people who say this is a revolutionary way 90,000 appeals and your tendency is the same one is asking what is the book you have referred for ethics see there is no such book for ethics the Supreme Court rules there are some articles which they are saying that you should read in the market there are few books which are available but this is a very fluid paper earlier it used to be ethics and accountancy paper but since I think 2012 or 2014 they have done with the accountancy part of the paper so when there was accountancy there was a book that we used to refer for account but there is no such book for professional ethics there is a very old book by Mr. Alagiri Iyer if he gets it from somewhere sometimes so you can read it then when we talk about ethics there are justices about 7 limbs of justice we should know what they are like a justice of being fair to the other party in that in the Supreme Court you will see the rules that will give you duty towards client duty towards the opponent so these are something which you will get majorly from the bar council of India apart from that if you are contempt against lawyer or contempt by lawyer then take the latest case of Prashant Bhushan you will be very clear where is the misconduct there is an old case from Maharashtra where in the trial court people just start scattering or just jump from the litigant snatch his file and his paper were teared or he will have that case and ultimately the matter came before the supreme court and supreme court gave a long dicta that this should not be done this is a misconduct then you should also know that supreme bar council of India rules how to initiate against against and advocate when bar council of states bar council of India comes so these are some of the things which you must know Nitin says could you repeat the name besides which other book you had referred there are no judgments there are some articles there are some materials by senior advocate senior advocate Mr. Venkata Ramani he gave some articles to read for professional so you can read them and essentially it is more of the judgments that you will read more of the bar council of India rules so when you do that there are many things which are clear it says what is the distinction between AOR, advocate and senior advocate see advocates are all the same because we are advocates in 1961 senior advocate is a designation which gives you a quote where AOR or advocate on record you will get its definition in supreme court that person who passes this exam gets certificate from supreme court but to practice in supreme court it is only advocate on record who can act as well as plead as a first day lawyer I can argue but to become AOR 4 years after my enrolment after that 1 year training AOR certificate of commencement certificate of completion we have to get it done after that you are eligible yeah I will just check it on the youtube whether we have any questions is there any validity for this certificate of the AOR it is good for time being to come until unless you become a judge yeah so thank you friends for staying connected with us and on the next weekend we will do something on the week days we have 2 interesting sessions coming one would be a senior advocate from he would be taking as the criminal trials with specific inputs on evidence act how you have to do the evidence and on sunday we would be having one session with justice who would be explaining the difference between section 319 and 391 of CRPC and how to use that thank you everyone stay blessed have a happy weekend thank you


Hi, a designed by the connection that might not be encrypted and a few other stories. My name is Liz Rice. I work at a company called Isovalent which is the company that originally created the Cillium project. How many of you have heard of Cillium? Excellent. Hopefully you all know that Cillium recently graduated in the CNCF, so that's really exciting for us. I think deserves a round of applause. Thank you and today I want to talk about a beta feature that's in recent versions of psyllium for mutual authentication and let's take a step back and talk about what we mean when we say a connection is secure and I think one of the best ways to think about this is to think about what you want when you're talking to your bank over the internet. You absolutely need to authenticate identities. You need to know, you need the bank to know that you're you because you don't want to be paying money into somebody else's account. You want to know that you're talking to the bank because you don't want to be paying your money into some random person. So that establishment of both ends of the identity at both ends of the connection is critical. It's also important to then encrypt the traffic that's flowing between those endpoints because you don't want everybody knowing how much money you've got in your bank account and you also don't want them potentially monitoring that traffic to, for example, get your password. In the environment where we're talking about a web browser talking to a bank, we're probably talking about TLS. I'm sure you're all familiar with the little padlock icon that you get in the browser when TLS has been established. We don't need to go through all the details of how that TLS handshake happens, but the core parts are, it starts with a TCP connection. So there's a client end that initiates a TCP connection. That SYNAC flow is the beginning of every TCP communication. Then the client initiates this handshake asking the server for its identity in the form of an X509 certificate. So this is the bit that proves that the bank is really the bank. The client can validate that certificate and proceed. There's also some exchange of information that allows both ends to derive key that they can use for encrypting traffic for the duration of that session. In a cloud-native environment, we typically talk about mutual TLS between two workloads. When you're talking to your bank, you probably do TLS to establish that it's the bank and then you use some other authentication method like a username and password to confirm to the bank that you are who you say you are. In a Kubernetes cluster, for example, we probably have two peer workloads that can exchange certificates that have been issued by a common certificate authority that they both trust. The mutual TLS handshake is very similar to the TLS handshake. We've just got an additional certificate flowing and being validated. Mutual TLS starts with TCP and upgrades it to be authenticated and then uses that TCP connection for encrypted data. We often hear about the requirement to have MTLS in a cluster for that encryption stage, but MTLS isn't the only way to solve the problem of encryption. It's a core principle really of zero trust that we want to see all the traffic in our cluster being encrypted. Another way that we can do that is with transparent encryption. Transparent encryption uses either wire guard or IPsec to set up secure tunnels between each pair of nodes. The traffic between pods on those nodes automatically gets encrypted as it flows through that tunnel. The pods are blissfully unaware that the traffic is being encrypted. The identities used for that encryption or the certificates rather for the authentication and then the key exchange that allows them to do encryption, those identities are representing the nodes rather than the individual workloads. If you don't trust your node identities, you may have some other issues. If you think your nodes have been compromised, you probably don't want to be running workloads on those nodes. For a lot of circumstances, transparent encryption ticks the box that people need for their encryption requirement within their cluster. Wireguard and IPsec were both originally designed for using VPNs. They're quite similar. They tunnel your IP traffic encapsulated and encrypted in the form of UDP packets. IPsec maintains these tunnels over a longer lifetime between each pair of peers. IPsec allows you to specify the cryptographic ciphers you're going to use and you can choose ciphers that are going to be FIPs compliant so you can run IPsec and be FIPs compliant. That said, a lot of people consider wireguard to be more secure. It's a newer alternative. You configure a wireguard interface so instead of having or as well as having the F0 interface out of your node, you'd also have a WG0 interface where if you put a packet into it, it's going to get encrypted. You basically just configure that interface, set up your private key and the public key for each peer you're going to communicate with, and then you just send packets into that wireguard interface. It just so happens that cryptography protocols that wireguard uses are not deemed to be FIPs compliant because somebody hasn't paid the money to get it assessed or something like that. It's really more about money than it is about technical merits, but for whatever reason, it's not considered FIPs compliant. That might put you down the IPsec route if that is something you need to do. The other thing wireguard does that's really nice is it automatically rotates keys for you. These are really nice solutions for that encryption part. If I have two droids in a galaxy far, far away and they want to communicate with each other, they don't need to know anything about whether that traffic is being encrypted or not. I have a cluster in the galaxy far, far away. It has a couple of kind nodes in it. Is that big enough to see? Anybody? Yeah, I see some thumbs up. Good. Okay. So if I ask C3PO to talk to R2D2, we can see that works. In the bottom half here, I've got Hubble showing all the packets that are flowing in the galaxy far, far away, and we can see lots of green. Everything's going well. Now, if I were to... This is going to be one of those demos where you're just going to kind of have to take my word for it. If I run TCP on the eth0 interface where, in this case, it's R2D2 where R2D2 is running, I shouldn't be able to see that traffic. I do have transparent encryption turned on. Let me just show you that. So if I look for encrypt, we should see encryptions enabled using WireGuard. And if I look for the beep message on that interface, nothing shows up. If I didn't have encryption on, you would see the message appearing. But I don't have time today to turn it off and turn it on again, so you're just going to have to take my word for it that that is encrypted over the wire. That's the encryption part, but it doesn't tell us anything about the identity of who's communicating with whom. And in Silium, for a long time, we've used network policy and identity based on Kubernetes labels to restrict traffic. How many of you here are actually using Silium already? Quite a few of you. So you will probably be familiar with network policies like this. So this policy applies to the namespace far, far away. It matches or it will apply to endpoints that have the class of droid. So a label class equals droid. And it's saying for all those droids, ingress traffic must come from endpoints that have the label org equals rebel alliance. So this should only permit traffic from pods that have that label rebel alliance. Now, the labels that you apply to your pods are used by Silium to construct what's called a Silium identity. So any pod that's got the same set of labels will get the same Silium identity. So let's just have a quick look at my endpoints. I'm going to look at the Silium endpoints. Silium endpoints, there's quite a few different craft in my Galaxy. You can see that almost all of them have a different identity. This identity ID column is the Silium identity. You can think of it as a security identity, if you like. I've got a couple of pods that represent the Death Star, operating a Death Star service. They have unique endpoint IDs, but they share the same Silium identity because they represent the same service. Okay. So that Silium identity is derived from labels. And if we want to make a network policy decision, it's using that identity value to check whether or not the traffic that's come from a certain pod that has a certain security identity does that security identity match the set of labels as required by the policy to determine whether this traffic is allowed or not. So traffic from a certain IP address has a certain security identity, which either passes or fails the policy. So if I set up a policy, I just need to comment out this bit and comment back in this bit. So I'm going to apply that policy that's basically exactly the same as what I just showed you. And this is going to continue to allow C3PO to talk to R2D2 because they're both droids. But if I try to communicate from, let's say, a tie fighter, this is going to hang, hopefully. And if we look at the Hubble flows, we'll see traffic here is being dropped between tie fighter and R2D2 because of the policy denied it. Policy verdict has been denied. Okay. Let's just stop that. Right. But what if I'm Darth Vader and I can use some kind of Jedi mind trick to spoof IP addresses? If I, as Darth Vader, can pretend that I have the same IP address as C3PO and that IP address has a certain security identity, then I'm going to pass the network policy. And that would be a bad thing. In fact, what can be potentially even worse if you don't have a transparent encryption turned on, traffic is flowing in the clear and will have the, if you're using tunneling, will have the security identity embedded in the header. So somebody observing that traffic would be able to see the security identity and they could also match on the security identity. Kind of unlikely, IP spoofing is not that common. And probably if you are seeing things, spoofing IP addresses in your cluster, there are issues, but nevertheless it's something we want to prevent. So let's come back to our network policy. And in addition, we're going to add two lines to the network policy. We're going to say, as well as matching the label-based identity, we require that this communication is authenticated, that you prove you are the security identity you say you are. So the existing check still is still in place. We need to make sure that that IP address matches the security identity and the security identity conforms to the labels that we require in the policy. But also, Cillium on this node where RTD2 is running, for example, knows where that IP address should be. So if I look at, let's look at the, so I've got a pod here for C3PO. If I look at the Cillium endpoint for C3PO, now I want to describe it and I'll get it. So we can see, we know about all the labels that apply to C3PO like it is a droid. We need that. It's a member of the rebel alliance. Good. We can see its IP address and we can also see the node that it's running on. So this information is available to the Cillium agent where RTD2 is running. So we want to be able to check that the traffic coming on this particular IP address is known to the place where that IP address is supposed to be running on. In other words, if we get traffic that says it's from C3PO, we want the node where C3PO is supposed to be to confirm that C3PO is in fact there. And we do that with a handshake. We're going to use the same handshake that you would use in an MTLS communication as we set up a connection, but it's between the Cillium agent and another Cillium agent on behalf of those pods. So because this is an ingress policy at the end where RTD2 is receiving the traffic, it's going to be initiated by the Cillium agent where RTD2 is running. That agent is going to get hold of an X509 certificate representing RTD2. We'll come back to that. It's got that certificate. It sets up a TCP connection to the Cillium agent where C3PO is known to be running. And it initiates the same handshake as we'd used in MTLS. There is an exchange of certificates so that both ends have authenticated each other. And now we're going to pass, and we go back to, we're passing this authentication required check that's part of the network policy. So yeah, let me add that into the policy. I'm just going to turn on these authentication mode required and apply that. Okay. So C3PO should still be able to communicate with RTD2. There we go. That started. So we can see here ingress is allowed and we've got this new authenticated by spire indication in the Hubble flow. That probably gave a very big clue if you didn't already know that we're using spire to distribute those certificates. And this is another thing that's transparent. We don't need the applications to get involved. In fact, we don't really need to do any configuration other than to turn mutual authentication on and say, please use spire. Cillium will automatically start running the spire services. Has anybody used spiffy in spire before? Okay. A smaller number of hands. Right. So spiffy is a way of securely providing identity management to workloads. And those workloads need to be registered. Spire is an implementation of the spiffy protocol. And you register a workload with spire. You tell spire something about that workload that only that workload can do. It's called a selector. And then a workload that can meet the selector conditions can retrieve this spiffy. It's called a spiffy verified ID. Really, the ones we're interested in are in the form of an X509 certificate. So in Cillium, Cillium is going to register the workloads on behalf of the pods and retrieve the corresponding certificates on behalf of the pods. And the spiffy IDs that we have correspond to that Cillium security ID that we had before. So if I look in my cluster, I can see Cillium automatically created a Cillium spire namespace. And we can see the spire server and some agents running in there. And I have just like a little abbreviation here, an alias for a long command that gets me into the spire server. But if I use this to show the spire entries that have been registered, there should be an entry in here for every Cillium security identity. So if I get the Cillium identities, I'm going to do it with the labels. This will be, you know what, I'm going to grab for C3PO. So 52452 is C3PO's Cillium identity. And we should have in here in spire, there we go. This is the spiffy identity for C3PO. That the Cillium agent will be able to retrieve on behalf of C3PO without C3PO needing to know anything about it in order to perform that handshake. Okay. And we saw already that when that handshake has been achieved, we can see authorised by spire as part of the policy verdict that we see in Hubble. Okay. So I've shown you that the authentication can work. But what about a situation where the authentication wouldn't work, like the IP spoofing situation? So pretty hard to set up an actual IP spoofing situation, but I am going to show you something kind of equivalent. So what I'm going to do is I actually have, as well as my kind cluster running in Kubernetes, I've also got this extra node here that's on the same sort of underlying Docker network, and it can connect to my clusters. And I've called it Darth Vader over here. Now Darth Vader doesn't have any access to any of the, there's no, there's no Kubernetes running on here. So it doesn't know anything about things like Kubernetes services. I can't curl to R2D2 as a service, but I could curl to the IP address provided it knows how to get to that IP address. And in order to make that possible, I've actually added this additional routing rule. So <IP_ADDRESS> is R2D2. And in fact, if I show the worker nodes, we should be able to see that kind worker, which is the node where R2D2 is running, has this IP address ending in zero three. So what I've done here is just add a route to say, if you want to get to R2D2's IP address, you've got to go via that node because that's where it's running. So I'm just going to delete that policy because otherwise it might work. So I should be able to curl to that IP address. There's nothing preventing it from happening right now. I've deleted the policy. Come on. Oh, I did. Thank you. Yeah. It's a good job. You're all paying attention. Thank you. All right. Okay. So there we go. Darth Vader was able to send a curl. So we know that that IP address is reachable from Darth Vader. Now what I'm going to do is create a policy. I don't want it to fail on the labels part because we already knew that worked, right? And we know Darth Vader doesn't have any labels because it's not in the Kubernetes world. So instead what I'm going to do is instead of matching on labels, I'm going to say all entities are allowed to communicate provided they can give me authentication. Yeah. So in other words, it's not going to fail on that first network policy check. It should fail when we come to check the authentication. So let me apply that. Okay. And hopefully, if we try the curl, it doesn't look like it's working. And if we look in Hubble, we can see that it's failing because of authentication not being in place. So authentication is required. It's not there. And therefore, we're just going to keep dropping the packets.  So that is Silym's next generation mutual authentication. There are a couple of other things to note about this. So first of all, that handshake is happening independently of the traffic that it then permits. So although the handshake starts with a TCP connection between the Silym agents on the two nodes, doesn't have to be TCP in the traffic that is then subsequently permitted between those endpoints. So if you're using MTLS today in, let's say a service mesh, it's only going to allow you to authenticate and encrypt TCP traffic. Whereas with this approach, we will be able to authenticate any traffic that goes over IP using this handshake. And then encrypt, again, anything that goes over IP using IPsec or wire guard. The other thing that happens because we're able to have the handshake independent of the encryption is that you don't necessarily have to do encryption at all. Now, at the beginning we said for a secure connection to be secure, it needs to be authenticated and encrypted. But there are some environments when we have some users who particularly have particularly strict latency concerns. For example, maybe they're doing high-frequency trading and the amount of time it might take to encrypt and decrypt traffic can have a material effect on how fast they can do trading. So in those environments, they don't actually want the encryption, but they still want the security of the authenticated connection. They still want the security of the network policy that only permits traffic between those authenticated endpoints with the security ideas that have been proven by SPIFI IDs. So that's the situation where a secure connection doesn't necessarily have to be encrypted. All of this is basically made possible using the power of EBPF. How many of you have heard of EBPF? Excellent, good. So this is a new documentary that's going to have its world premiere today's Tuesday, right? So tomorrow, 6.15, here at QPON, we are seeing the premiere of the EBPF documentary. I've seen it. It is amazing. It's a really good story. Maybe I'm biased. I don't know. I think it's well worth seeing. And if you want to learn more about EBPF or Cilium, do you come by? There's a Cilium project booth. There's the Isovalent booth. We have a Cilium experience centre where you can come and get hands-on with Cilium. We have lots of books and resources that you can get from the Isovalent website, and you can also come by the Isovalent booth at five o'clock today, where we'll be doing some book signing of the learning EBPF book. I hope you are all really fascinated by EBPF, because I think it's amazing. So with that, that's all I have other than if you've got questions. So thank you very much. Anyone got any questions? Oh, it's Andre. He's going to ask me a hard question. Yeah, I have a quick one. When you showed us that when we were doing the authentication, was it between Pot and Pot, or was it between Pot and Service? I'm not sure I missed it. So the authentication is, you can see it in a couple of ways. So let me try and bring back the, actually that will do. That will do for the diagram. So the handshake is happening between two different nodes essentially, between the Cilium agents on those two different nodes. And they are, what they are asserting is that the security, you know, that Cilium ID exists on that node, and it's where the node expected that IP address to be, where the other node expected the IP address to be. Does that make sense? Does that answer the question? Yeah. Thanks for the talk. I was curious that, so currently you're using MTLS to do the handshake, but then you said that you're not using it for the encryption that you're using WireGuard or IPsec, but there are now some options for tunneling over MTLS itself, including UDP with some of the new tunneling options that are coming out. Have you considered that as an option and would you be open to taking that sort of contribution? I think answering the second question, if there's like use cases for it and you know, good engineering reasons, we are absolutely always interested to hear about, you know, use cases and accepting contributions. Yeah, totally. It's not something I've heard about. My immediate question is like, well, not a question. I think one of the benefits that we have is this idea that if we remove MTLS from the equation, we can support other kinds of IP traffic as well. So I'm not sure if I've understood that correctly, whether that would be like a replacement, but it might be an extra layer or an extra alternative way. Right. Yeah. I think it would be an alternative to those other two. And then you could tunnel IP over like H3 so that then you get the unreliability that you sort of want with IP or UDP of traffic. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Definitely an interesting conversation Thank you. Hi. Thanks for the talk. I had a question about the spire usage. So you're showing the registration entries for the different workloads and they all had like the same selector value there. Yeah. So conventionally, like inspire, you would want to have like unique selector sets per pod. So I'm curious if there's any special usage of spire and slam, like if the workloads were able to fetch an identity from spire, they might be able to get like the identities of other pods if they all shared the same selectors? Yeah. So I think the part of your question said, is there anything special we're doing? Not that I'm aware of. Someone can correct me if that's wrong, but I think we're using spiffy inspire in a very standard way. The reason why we're using the same selector is because we're, I guess, twofold. One is because it's the psyllium agent that's going to do the retrieval on behalf of any pod. So it has to be able to do it on behalf of any pod. And also we don't know where, in advance, where that pod's going to be. So we couldn't tie it down to one agent because we need all of the agents to be able to retrieve the identity for any given workload. I think the, if that were compromised, again, it's one of those situations where you have a much bigger problem. You know, if you can compromise your psyllium agent to the extent that you're going to be able to get different identity, you could just change the EBPF programming. There would be a lot of other issues that I would be concerned about in addition to the ability to retrieve a wider set of sphids. Yeah, I think I see how it's being used with the psyllium agent as kind of like acting on behalf of the workloads here. I guess my question was kind of like if the workload itself could still get its identity from the spire agent in this deployment. Oh I see, yeah. Oh Nick, Nick knows the answer. I see, okay. Okay, so the answer there was that the identities can only be retrieved by the psyllium agent rather than by the workload. And I guess if the workload wanted to register an identity, it could register its own identity. All right. Okay, thanks. I was wondering, I was really interested in the wireguard part of this. So out in the world, we now have things like tail scale and other, sorry, that have brought wireguard to the masses more or less for your phone and laptop. Do you have any opinions on what we should be deploying as the wireguard part of this diagram in like let's say EKS, VKE, etc? Sorry, was the question should we be deploying wireguards? Oh no, what would actually look like from a deployment standpoint? Is psyllium, can psyllium do the wireguard bit or would that be a separate service? Yeah, no psyllium can do that for you. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So you just turn transparent encryption on in psyllium and it will set up the interface for you and make decisions to put packets through that interface for you. Oh, got it. So we don't need like a third service running around the square down at the bottom. There doesn't need to be a third service. Yeah, that's that square is really just supposed to be a tunnel. Oh, I got it. It makes a lot more, it makes a lot more sense now. Thank you so much. All right. Thanks so much for your questions, everyone.