Hello and season's greetings from the Residential Tendencies Authority. Today's webinar recording is a timely reminder of situations or topics that relate to the holiday season. My name is Lynne from the RTA. Today's recording will cover off a variety of topics about guests, parties, fixtures and going away reminders. As with other recordings the RTA cannot find legal advice. You are always encouraged to make informed decisions and seek your independent advice. So let's kick start with one topic that comes up not just this time of the year but whenever there are celebrations to be held. Queensland Tendency Laws outline tenants general obligations and that includes not to interfere with the reasonable peace, comfort and privacy of neighbours. So whether you're living in a house or an apartment, when it comes to parties or loud music or rowdy behaviour your neighbours need to be kept front of mind. Well it would be great for everyone to get along and be respectful. Should the volume be accessible not appropriate or there's a communication barrier then a neighbour may feel that they need to contact the Queensland Police. When it comes to guests your tenancy or rooming agreement will outline the number of approved occupants. While it may seem as an overnight guest may be okay when they become a more longer term guest then you need to speak with your owner or your manager. For rooming accommodation you may find that you have house rules as part of your agreement regarding no overnight guests. The last thing anyone wants is a complaint made or being issued with a breach notice. So please be mindful of your obligations you've signed under your tenancy agreement and you know it is a sometimes that balance in wanting to have a fun time while ensuring that you don't go overboard where there are complaints that's being made. The festive season provides the opportunity to get creative and put up some decorations but when it comes to some type of the decoration fixtures particularly anything attached to doors, walls, ceilings, gutters or balconies be mindful that they do not leave any marks, holes or damage. If it has you will need to rectify this and more so before you move out. In some situations you may need to check in with your property manager or your owner just for permission for installing some fixtures or fittings. When items come out of storage they're only used once a year or rarely come out it's always a good idea to check for any frame cords and that things like tree lights are all intact from the last season when you did use them. If you do overload power points or power boards you may trip your circuit breaker or your safety switch. Overloading power boards can be a safety problem. So recently the RTA did a webinar with Queensland's Electrical Safety Office. You can find the recording and important electrical safety information on our website including what to do if the circuit breaker does troop. So let's talk about repairs and maintenance. Tenants are encouraged to report any repair issues early to allow the property manager or owner time to be able to attend to it before the holiday season starts. This time in the year there may be shortage of tradespeople and access to parts due to businesses closing for the annual holidays. The tenancy laws outline what an emergency repair is and it is outlined in the standard terms of your tenancy agreement. So should something occur over the festive season your agreement should list who to contact. It's a timely reminder with the weather definitely warming up for summer. Check your air conditioners and make sure that you've cleaned your filters and everything is right to go. Tents may also need to be aware that some real estate officers or property management businesses may close over that Christmas to New Year period or be on skeleton staff or that their landlord may be away over the Christmas time. So check in what their availability is. So now let's have a look at the topic of going away. Remember there are still tenancy obligations even if you are away on your holidays. Check to make sure your rent is paid while you're away or before you go. A home that looks unattended during the holiday season is assigned for a potential break-in risk. Make sure before you go away you have secured your doors and windows, turned off any appliances that need to be turned off, ask a family member or a friend to collect your mail and maybe take care of any plants or mow the lawn. Have an emergency contact person or neighbour to contact if there's a problem in your absence. It's the time of year when we all want to wind down and rush out for that long awaited holiday. Maybe a quick checklist to ensure you have everything organised and the place is secure can add to your own peace of mind. And last, be prepared. It's Queensland summer and with that comes a range of potential natural disasters from bushfires to heat waves to storms, cyclones and flooding. It's really important that you know your area and what potential risks may be in play if you are away. The RTA recently collaborated with the Get Ready Queensland team and what you should know in being prepared with their three-step program. The webinar can be done on the RTA's website or you can search for getreadyqld.gov.au. Tennis should secure any outdoor items and check your content's insurance. Property owners if you haven't already cleared gutters or cut back any overhanging branches or done any repairs, now is the time to make sure this has happened to avoid any increased risk during storm season. And again, also check your insurance policy. As the team from Get Ready Queensland said, it's not a matter of if it's a matter of when Queensland will be affected. Being prepared and following their guidelines will help make things just that little bit easy for everyone when a natural disaster does occur. So on behalf of the RTA I take this opportunity to wish you and your family all the very best for this festive season. The RTA will be open business hours Monday to Friday except for the public holidays. Keep connected with us by subscribing to the RTA News and you can also link in with the RTA on LinkedIn.  We encourage you to be informed about your rights and responsibilities and visit the RTA's website at rta.qld.gov.au. Besides all the information and the forms and resources you can also log in to the RTA web services for all bond matters including your lodgements and refunds. If you need any further assistance please contact one of our friendly team members on 1300 306 301 we're available Monday to Friday 8 30 a.m to 5 p.m. Thank you for your time today and season's greetings to you.


Last time on Shem Shonid's Jerusalem, a YouTube series. I claim this is the best falafel in Israel. The main special thing about them is they do it course and they make it green falafel which means it's got cilantro and parsley and lots of other things. Full of flavor and it's a recipe from the grandmother 95 years old, Ayesha. So I'd say fantastic. Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosal. I'm here today at the Ramada Hotel in Jerusalem. It's one of the big hotels. At the entrance to the city. I'm here tonight with Jerusalem's favorite viral food influencer, Shem Shonid Leshinsky. We're checking out tonight what is the true story about the Jerusalem soup wars. Two hotels in the city, the Ramada Hotel and the Inbar Hotel, are running simultaneous competing soup festivals. Which is better? Shem Shonid is going to give us the answer. This is Shem Shonid Leshinsky. We're at the Ramada Hotel in Jerusalem. And here we are. Let's see how the soups are to that. We've had them all with the delicious. They're interesting. The chestnut mushroom soup. This I have to say was amazing.  I enjoyed it. Then we had the pumpkin squash soup. I would say it had a bit of a kick to it. It was a bit of ginger in there as well. That was quite nice. Come and have a closer look inside what we've got here. And then we went, we tried the split peas soup here. They served it actually with couscous. The couscous is finished now. It had split peas and rice. It has a lot of good things in here. That was a very wholesome soup. I think that was great. Then they had a vegetarian vegetable soup here. This was also possible with couscous. That was just a very ordinary soup. I really can't go overboard on this one. It's a nice one, but it's not the best. And this one I didn't even have. My friends had it. It was a very ordinary onion soup. Nothing too exciting about. It may even have a bit of wine in it. And then come this way and see all the things that we get with it. So we've got all these different things. Nice breads. The breads are crusty with some butter. We have all these things. This was interesting. I don't know if you've ever seen before. Pink Trina. That was a very interesting idea. It's got a bit of beetroot in it. So we had a lot of interesting things here. And the whole deal is 65 shekels, which is $20. Which is a good deal. We're scanning without looking at people. There's two parts of the main lobby here. There's the soup festival. And there's the Shiduch matchmaking on the other side. With about 15 couples meeting. Coily talking to each other. And we've got some intense dating going on in the religious community. And Thursday night is a big night for that. So this hotel, the Ramada Hotel, a lot's going on here. We're at the soup festival. Shimon is the chief chef of the soups. Not only the soups. Okay Shimon, we have to ask you the first thing. What is the secret of a good soup? People really need to know. Nice seasoning. A lot of salt. Salt? Salt. Oh, salt, okay. Yeah. If you put your salt, you've got a beautiful soup. And how long has this soup festival been going on at the Ramada Hotel? How many years? I think we started when I came here at 2011. It was already running. Okay, so it's a tradition? So it was, yeah, it is a tradition. Much longer than many other places. And I just want to say, I want to go through the soups very quickly. The pumpkin soup, I thought it was fantastic. It had a bit of ginger in it. Is that right? It's had something spicy. A bit of ginger and coconut.  That was great. The mushroom one, that was interesting. Almost with the chestnuts. The mushroom chestnuts, that was great. It seemed like shimshun and chimon were getting on great. But then shimshun dropped a bombshell. The rest of them, nothing interesting for me. The onion soup, it sounded like a very boring soup. It wasn't? Yeah, it was like, it had a lot of, it tasted to me like it had chicken soup powder in it. And it didn't really have chicken soup in it. Clearly taken aback by shimshun's verdict that the onion soup was boring and contained soup powder. Chef Shimon insisted that the two try it one more time. Yeah. Really? That's what it tasted to me. Yeah, I understand. I'd like to taste it with you. Again. So that felt a bit boring. And I felt the other bit, well, really? Yeah, it's our signature. So you know what? I'm going to go now with you and have some more because I didn't taste it. Absolutely. They tasted it, my friends. Can I trust my friends or can I not trust my friends? That Daniel Rosehill and that other guy Moses, can I trust them or not? You tell me. We'll find out now. I trust what I see and what I taste. I didn't taste it. Now I'm going to taste it with you. Let's go ahead and taste it. Let's do the action. Let's go. Okay, the onion taste now. Shimshun's attempts to diffuse the tension in the room seem to have worked for now. The two set off to try the infamous onion soup. One for you, one for me. No. We're both going to taste it. Oh, okay. The amount of hotels' credibility is on this. Just to taste? A little bit of cheese. Does it have any wine in it? Yeah, I'll have it. It is. It's got some wine in it. Yeah, yeah. Wow. White wine. A lot of white wine. Okay, we'll taste this. This is very... And we'll give additional... Justice to the onion soup. There's been nasty things said about it at our table. After Chef Shimon worked his charm on the food influencer, Shimshun suddenly seemed to have a change of heart. Hot. It's good. No, it's good. People at my table, I don't think I'll be able to hang out with them anymore. I found it excellent. It's got some red wine in it. Get in. Having tried the soup, Shimshun decided to offer a heartfelt apology to the chef. Apologize to Shimon and the Ramada Hotel. The soup is delicious. A little bit too peppery, but maybe that's what a good soup needs a bit of pepper. Correct. It's got a bit of a kick to it. Correct. Everybody should come to the Ramada Hotel, the soup festival. Having buttered up the soup man with some good old-fashioned flattery, Shimshun even wings an invitation to the hotel kitchen. Guys, I've got an exclusive Shimon's lens coming to the kitchen. Will you come in with us? Will you stay in the lobby? You decide. Okay. Ooh. Wow, this is going to be the... Wow. This is the restaurant. Wow. Coming to the kitchen here. Shimshun desired. Come, call in your Shimshun. Yes, Shimshun. Yes, Shimshun. That's Shimshun, but not Shimshun. We've got two Shimshuns. One, two. So I'm going to have to get my Shimshun T-shirt in the mix. Not the Shimshun T-shirt again. Now, here is our friend Moses. Come and see the video. Moses, look what's going on here. Shall we?  With a lot of wine. While Shimshun was busy getting the very enthusiastic staff to take a Shimshun-style T-shirt photo, we were getting ready to meet Shimshun's dining friend, Moses Newman, who's also a member of the Secret Jerusalem Facebook group. It's worth adding that Shimshun and Moses don't always see quite eye-to-eye about food. I want to thank the people who came to join me tonight. Daniel Rosehill, he always brings a lot of interesting comments, intelligence and charisma to the table. Thanks, Shimshun. Could we say that we've become from foes, we've become friends. Is that possible? Yes. Oh yeah. Okay, we've made peace. Shimshun has made peace with his number one critic. And now we're online, now looking for a better future. Having turned around another sourd relationship this evening, Shimshun and Moses decide it's time for a hug. Thank you very much. That was only slightly awkward, but the fun's not over yet. On his way out of the hotel, Shimshun runs into a group of fans from the Dominican Republic. Guess what? Shimshun has his T-shirt, which could mean only one thing. It's time for another selfie. Shimshun TV. How do you say we love you in Spanish? Yeah, yeah, yeah. They look awfully confused. Speaking of love, we hope you love this video, and if you'd like to get more videos from me, please consider subscribing to this YouTube channel.


Hello, and welcome to this overview of the hardware architecture of the STM32MP1 series. This block diagram summarizes the key features of the STM32MP157, which is part of the high end line of the STM32MP1 series. The STM32MP157 microprocessor integrates dual cortex A7 32-bit core with single and double precision floating point units, plus the ARM NEON advanced SIMD instruction set, and can run at up to 650 MHz. Each core has a 32-kilobyte level 1 instruction cache and a 32-kilobyte level 1 data cache, plus 256 kilobytes of level 2 cache shared between the two cores. In addition to this powerful application core, it also embeds a Cortex-M4 32-bit risk core with single precision floating point unit running at up to 209 MHz. Finally, a powerful 3D GPU is available supporting OpenGL ES 2.0 and running at up to 533 MHz. The internal SRAM memory size is 708 kilobytes with a scattered architecture split into 256 kilobytes of AXI system RAM plus 384 kilobytes of AHBMCU subsystem RAM plus 64 kilobytes of AHBMCU subsystem retention RAM in backup domain and 4 kilobytes of SRAM in the backup domain to keep data in the lowest power modes. This line also includes up to 37 communication peripherals in addition to an LCD TFT controller interface which can feed pixels to a parallel or display serial interface or DSI having two data lanes up to 1 gigabit per second each. The STM32 MP157 line also embeds low power 16-bit ADCs running at up to 3 mega samples per second 12-bit DACs as well as 29 timers. The STM32 MP1 bus architecture is split into two interconnect matrices ARM Cortex-A7 and ARM Cortex-M4 operating in different frequency domains which can be set in low power modes independently. One high-speed ARM core link 400 network interconnect AXI based performing interconnection between master and slaves on the ARM Cortex-A7 side called the MPU side operating at 266 megahertz CK-ACLK and allowing an internal bandwidth up to 2 gigabytes per second between each master and slave. This matrix is optimized for low latency and very high bandwidth master transfers to and from external DDR as well as internal SRAMs. An internal DDR memory provides a raw bandwidth up to 4 gigabytes per second. Peripherals belonging to the AXI domain are connected to AHB5, AHB6, APB4 through AHB6, and APB5 buses. One multi-layer AHB interconnect or ML-AHB performing interconnection between master and slaves on the ARM Cortex-M4 side called the MCU side with an architecture inherited from former MCU and operating at 209 megahertz CK-MCU. AXI interconnected matrix or AXM and multi-layer AHB or ML-AHB are connected together to enable the sharing of any peripheral by any master. Blocks with dashed lines are not available on all product lines. Security is not shown in this overview. The AXI matrix is enabling the interconnection between up to 11 masters and 12 slave peripherals. The AHB matrix is enabling the connection between up to 10 masters and 9 slave peripherals. Some memories are dedicated to Cortex-A7 core access, for example BootROM and DDR, and benefit from the optional access control using the ARM trust zone technology. The memory map addressed by any masters is the same. All peripherals are visible at the same address, simplifying the development and debug. There is no dynamic memory remapping. Only part of the MCU SRAM and RETRAM memories are aliased on two locations to allow Cortex-M4 access optimizations. The reset and clock controller or RCC manages the system reset and the peripherals clock generation. The STM32 MP15x microprocessor embeds three internal oscillators, two oscillators for an external crystal or resonator, and four phase locked loops or PLLs managed by the RCC. Outside the RCC there is also one dedicated PLL for the high speed USB. For STM32 MP15x lines with a display serial interface or DSI, one additional PLL is dedicated to the clocking of this interface. Many peripherals have their own clock, independent of the system clock, to allow maximum flexibility. The RCC provides high flexibility in the choice of the clock sources. This enables the system designer to meet both power consumption and accuracy requirements. The numerous independent peripheral clocks allow a designer to adjust the system power consumption without impacting the communication BOD rates and also keep some peripherals active in low power mode. The STM32 MP15x microprocessor requires various dedicated power supplies to work. VDD has a wide range and is mostly used to supply the IOs. VDD core is the main supply for the internal logic. VDDA is used for the analog parts of the chip. VDDQ DDR is the IO voltage for the DDR interface. This voltage depends on the selected memory type and is 1.2 volts for LP DDR2 or LP DDR3, 1.35 volts for DDR3L and 1.5 volts for DDR3 memories. VDD3V3 USB HS and USB 3V3 USB FS are used to supply the embedded USB physical interface for respectively high speed and full speed ports. The STM32 MP15x also supplies some internal regulators to supply the USB and DSI physical interfaces. The core entering low power mode is controlled by software. When one core enters C stop mode the domain and system operating mode depend on the other core mode. LP stop system mode could be used to control external supplies to reduce the system power. LPLV stop system mode could be used to control external supplies as well as reducing the VDD core voltage to reduce the system power. External power supplies are controlled using dedicated power on or power LP signals in addition to some external software settings when an external power management IC or PMIC is used. Peripherals with IOs are mapped on GPIO alternate functions or AF MUX. Some peripherals are managed by boot ROM and can be used as system control or program download during the initialization phase. UART and USB are used to set up the system and or download code into the external flash memory. Note that FD can is not available on the STM32 MP151 line. SDMMC can be a boot source by using either SD card or SDMMC1 or EMMC or SDMMC2 memory cards. Quad SPI Bank 1 can be a boot source for serial NOR and serial NAND flash memories. FMC could be a boot source for SLC parallel NAND flash memories. Cryptography is not available on STM32 MP15XA devices. Securable GPIOs are only available on STM32 MP15XXAA, LFBGA 44818x18, and STM32 MP15XXAC TFBGA361 12x12 devices. The LCD controller can provide up to WXGA at 60 frames per second or 63 megapixels per second. Higher resolutions are available with reduced frame rate assuming the pixel clock remains in the allowed range. A 3D GPU is available on the STM32 MP157 line and can process up to 26 mega triangles per second or 133 megapixels per second. A display serial interface or MIPI DSI is available on the STM32 MP157 line and can provide up to WXGA at 60 frames per second or 63 megapixels per second. Higher resolutions are possible with reduced frame rate assuming the LTDC pixel clock and the data lane rate remain in the allowed range. OTP fuses are memory fields which could be programmed once and then cannot be altered anymore. The BSAC IP manages the control of the OTP fuses including reading, programming, and secure accesses. The OTP content includes product configuration and unique numbers. The OTP could contain OEM information such as the MAC address, secret keys, or any relevant data. Up to 1184 bits are fully available for OEM various purposes. Various blocks are managing the transversal system control. The major ones are the reset and clock controller or RCC, the power management or PWR which controls the system power modes, security which is controlled by trust zone inside the Cortex-A7 core as well as various blocks. The enhanced trust zone protection controller or ETZ PC defines which peripherals are secure or not isolated or not. The trust zone address space controller for DDR TZC blocks unwarranted access to DDR data. The main points to be noted from this presentation are the STM32 MP15x embeds a Cortex-A7 core able to run powerful operating systems like Linux or Android. The STM32 MP15x embeds as well a Cortex-M4 core able to run real-time tasks or act as a co-processor to reduce the Cortex-A7 load or power. The STM32 MP15x always needs an external DDR memory to run the operating system and the STM32 MP157 line includes a GPU which provides rich graphic capabilities for the operating system.


Good evening aspirants, welcome to daily news analysis brought to you by Shankar A.S. Academy. Today's date is 20th October 2023. Displayed here are the list of topics we are going to see today. Now, let us get into the discussion. Look at this article from Science Page. It talks about advancements made by artificial intelligence in the field of Optalmology. Here, Optalmology refers to diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to eye. So in this news article discussion, we shall see some basics about artificial intelligence. It is important topic for our Prelims exam as there are frequent questions being asked about new emerging technologies.  Artificial intelligence can perform tasks like problem solving, learning, reasoning, perception and understanding of natural language. Note that artificial intelligence has various branches like machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, robotics, etc. As we are familiar about artificial intelligence, we shall see about machine learning and deep learning in this discussion. Just knowing about the basic information and the main difference between them is enough for our exam. See, machine learning and deep learning both are types of artificial intelligence and they are closely related concepts. Firstly, machine learning uses data and algorithm to imitate the way that humans learn and it gradually improves its accuracy. Let me explain you how machine learning works. Imagine you want to teach a computer how to recognize cats. Instead of telling it what exactly a cat looks like, you show the computer a lot of pictures with cats and without cats. Slowly, it learns to tell the difference. Over the time, it gets better at recognizing cats just like we get better at recognizing things with practice. So in simple words, machine learning is all about training computers to make decisions based on data and examples rather than giving them instructions. It is like teaching them to learn from experience just like we learn from our mistakes and successes. The examples of machine learning are found in our everyday applications like Spotify and Netflix. They use machine learning algorithms to recommend music or TV shows based on our previous history. Self-driving cars are also examples of machine learning. Now coming to the deep learning. The deep learning is a branch of machine learning and it uses artificial neural networks that mimic the process of human brain. Some of the examples of deep learning, virtual assistants, chatbots, speech recognition, image analysis and caption generation. Even though these two concepts that is machine learning and deep learning look more or less similar, they have main differences between them. Now let us see what are the differences between machine learning and deep learning. Firstly, the main difference between machine learning and deep learning is that machine learning requires some human intervention to correct its errors. While deep learning does not require any human intervention at all because deep learning can correct its own errors without need for human help. Secondly, machine learning uses algorithms to function while deep learning has its own neural network. Thirdly, deep learning provides higher accuracy where machine learning provides lesser accuracy compared to deep learning. Lastly, deep learning requires larger data to get trained whereas machine learning requires lesser data than deep learning. This is why machine learning takes less time to get trained than deep learning. So these are some of the important differences between machine learning and deep learning. So in this discussion, we saw some basic information about machine learning, deep learning and main differences between them. So this is all about this discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Now look at this news article. It says that greater Chennai Corporation is planning to establish compressed biogas plants at various locations by 2024. Through this, the Corporation is planning to utilize 30% of municipal solid waste produced in the city for biogas production. So this is all about the news article. In this context, we will see some points about biogas and the steps taken by government to increase the biogas production. See, biogas is primarily produced through anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as agricultural waste, animal manure and municipal waste. To say it simply, biogas is produced when microorganisms decompose the organic matter. Biogas is a mixture of many gases like methane and carbon dioxide. Note that methane is the primary component of biogas. That is, 50% to 70% of biogas is comprised of methane. And methane is responsible for the energy value of biogas. Gases like carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor are also present in biogas. Now what are the advantages of biogas? Firstly, it is a renewable source of energy. As we know it is produced from organic waste material. Then biogas offers clean burning compared to conventional fossil fuels like coal and oil. Converting municipal solid waste into biogas helps to address the problem of urban landfills. Finally, biogas offers versatility. It can be used for various applications including electricity generation, heating, cooking and as a vehicle fuel. So these are some of the important advantages of biogas. Now we shall see what are the issues associated with biogas. The first issue is variability in composition. As we saw earlier, biogas has varying proportion of many gases. But the composition of these gases varies greatly. The composition is influenced by the feedstock we use and the anaerobic digestion that is employed. So the inconsistency in the methane composition limits the application of biogas. For example, the internal combustion engines used in vehicles cannot efficiently use biogas. The second issue is regarding impurities. Biogas often contains impurities such as hydrogen sulphide moisture and other trace elements. See, this hydrogen sulphide can cause corrosion in the equipment and the presence of moisture reduces the energy content of biogas. So the presence of impurity is one of the important concerns in using biogas. The third issue is low energy density. Biogas has low energy density compared to other conventional fossil fuels. Lastly, there is an issue of economic viability. Although biogas has large environmental benefits, the economic viability of biogas is a huge concern due to high capital investment and high operational cost. So these are some of the important issues associated with biogas. Finally, let us look at the steps taken by government to promote biogas production and consumption. Firstly, we have Waste to Energy program, WTE program. This program is implemented by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. This program provides financial assistance to support setting up of bio-CNG generation plants and these plants uses waste from urban, industrial and agricultural processes. Then there is a scheme called Goberden scheme. It is galvanizing organic bio-argo resources then scheme. It is implemented by Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation. This scheme provides financial assistance for setting up of community level biogas plants and it is focused primarily on solid waste management. Then we have Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation also known as SATAT Initiative. Our government plans to set up 5000 bio-CNG plants, that is bio-compress natural gas plants. This initiative encourages entrepreneurs to establish bio-CNG plants and supply the bio-CNG to oil marketing companies for use as automotive fuel. Lastly, there is National Biogas and Manure Management program. It is a central sector scheme under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Through this scheme, our government aims to promote the use of bio-gas as a cooking fuel and also promote the use of slurry produced from bio-gas plants as organic fertilizer. So these are some of the initiatives taken by our government to support the protection and consumption of bio-gas. So in this discussion, we have seen the basics about bio-gas, major advantages of bio-gas and what are the concerns related to bio-gas and finally some steps taken by government to increase the protection and consumption of bio-gas. So this is all regarding this discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Look at this editorial article. It is about India's food system. It covers two aspects of food system. One is the challenge faced by India's food system and then the steps that can be taken to address these challenges. So this is about the editorial article given here. Before looking at the editorial in detail, first let us cover up the basics. What is food system? See, normally we will talk about food. We mainly focus on the food production aspect. But in the food system approach, the entire chain is taken into account. So the food system includes production, processing, distribution and conception of food. The food system approach even takes into account of food wastage management. The food system approach focuses on the need for coordination and cooperation among various stakeholders including farmers, food processors, retailers, policy makers and consumers. Through this, it aims to ensure the sustainability and efficiency of entire food system. Now let us get into the discussion. As per our current practice, let us cover the points mentioned in the editorial by trying to address a main question. Now look at the question, critically examine the importance of India's food system in achieving food security. The key word here is critically examine. So we know when the word critically examine comes, we must first identify the main argument in the question. Then we must assess the strength and weakness of the argument provided in the question. Finally, we must give a balanced conclusion. For example, in this question, the main argument around the statement is India's food system in achieving food security. So in our answer, we must write a few points about the significance of India's food system in achieving the food security. Then we have to write about the challenges to India's food system. And finally, in the conclusion part, we have to take a balanced stand and then write a few points about the steps that can be taken to address these challenges. So this is how we are going to approach this question. Now before we approach this question, let us take a look at the syllabus. In prudence, this discussion falls under economic and social development, sustainable development, poverty, inclusion, demographics, social sector initiatives, etc. In mains, this topic comes under GS paper 3 under the topic of major cropping patterns in various parts of country. And it also comes under the topic issues related to direct and indirect forms of series and minimum support prices, public distribution system, objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping, issue of buffer stocks and food security. So this is all about the syllabus, now coming to the question. In the introduction part, you can define what a food system is. At the start of the discussion, I gave you some points regarding food system approach, right? You can use the same points here for the introduction. Now coming to the body of the answer. In the body of the answer, let us give a few points about significance of India's food system in ensuring food security. As we already know, the food system approach deals with protection, processing, distribution and conception of food. So for this part of the question, we have to write India specific points about protection, processing, distribution and conception of food. And we have to relate how this process ensures food security. Now let us take up the protection part. Since adopting the Green Revolution, India's food production has increased rapidly. The Green Revolution helped to transform India from a begging bowl to the food basket of the world. The total food grain production in India in 1950 was around 50 million tons. This has increased many fold over the years. According to an economic survey of 2022-2023, the food grain production in India was around 315.7 million tons. The pulse production was around 23.8 million tons. And horticulture protection was around 342.3 million tons. So India has transformed itself into a food surplus nation. The increasing food production has helped to ensure the food security in India. Now coming to the next aspect that is processing. Food processing is mainly done as a value addition and to increase the shelf life of the food. In this part of answer, you can mention about the steps taken by government in aiding the food processing sector. You can start by mentioning the creation of separate ministry for food processing. Then you can mention programs like Mahafood Park scheme, scheme for integrated cold chain and value addition infrastructure, Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana, Pradhan Mantri formalization of micro food processing enterprises scheme and extension of protection linked incentive to food processing sector. All these efforts will ensure food processing. On one hand, it increases the shelf life of the food and also improves the income of farmers due to value addition. So in this way, it helps in ensuring the food security. Then coming to the distribution part. Here you can mention about India's PDS system and NFSA 2013. There is National Food Security Act of 2013. Currently around 80 crore persons have been covered under National Food Security Act for receiving highly subsidized food grains. So this helps to ensure the food security in the country. Now lastly coming to the conception of the food. Here you can mention about the role of mid-day meal scheme, Pradhan Mantri Poshran scheme, government urban canteen in providing quality cooked food. So these schemes and initiatives helps to ensure the food security. In this way, you can explain the importance of India's food system in achieving the food security. Now we will move to the next part of the answer. Here we are going to talk about the challenges faced by India's food system. One way to introduce this section would be to highlight the paradox of India's current food situation. India have a contradiction between increasing food protection and also persistent hunger. This contradiction is often referred to as India's hunger paradox. Here you can mention about India's poor performance in the Global Hunger Index which is released recently. In the Global Hunger Index, India was ranked 111 out of 125 countries. The editorial provides some data from National Family Health Survey which can be used here. 35% of children are stunted, 57% of women and 25% of men are anemic. So these points highlight the fact that India's food system has failed to address the problem of hunger. After this, we can start to list out the challenges in India's food system. Let us start with the production side. Decreasing food productivity due to decline in natural resources and climate change is one of the major problems. To substantiate this point, you can mention about the 2023 Soil Health Survey. According to this survey, half of the cultivable land in India has become deficient in organic carbon. Also note that in states like Punjab, 3 fourth of the groundwater source is over exploited. So these factors lead to decrease in food productivity which poses a serious threat to food security. You can also mention about the declining farm income. Here you can mention about the data provided by Transforming Rural India Foundation. According to a report by Transforming Rural India Foundation, more than 68% of marginal farmers supplement their incomes with non-form activities like Mandrega and casual labour. You can also mention about the ill effects of green revolution, mainly the role of green revolution in impacting the diversity of food in the country. Now coming to the processing part. Here you can highlight about the lack of cold storage facilities, inadequate market linkages. Due to this, food wastage has become a big problem in India. According to FSSAI, one third of all food in India is wasted or gets spoiled before it is eaten. You can also highlight the fact that even though our government has taken many efforts, food processing is still not up to the mark in India. In India, approximately 2% of fruits and vegetables, 8% marine, 35% milk and 6% poultry are only processed. These numbers are very low. So, there are many challenges in the processing part also. Now moving on to the distribution part. Here you can mention about India's problematic PDS system. The PDS system in India faces various challenges like faulty identification of beneficiaries, which results in exclusion errors, leakage, corruption and reducing storage capacity. Due to this, the food does not reach the intended beneficiaries even though there is excess food protection. Finally coming to the consumption part. Here you can mention about low diversity in diet, high consumption of processed sugar, increase in junk food consumption and negligence of native food that is leading to hidden hunger. So, these are some of the challenges that India's food system faces. Now coming to the conclusion part. In the conclusion part, you can mention that even though India's food system faces many challenges, steps must be taken to address these challenges and to ensure food security. You can mention some suggestions to address these challenges. The first one is shifting consumer demand to a more healthier and sustainable diet. Government can also use the public distribution system, mid-day meals scheme, railways scattering, urban canteens and public and institutional procurement to promote sustainable diet. Secondly, steps must be taken to augment farmer income. Through the natural mission on natural farming, the government must aid the farmer to transition to more renumerative and regenerative agricultural practices. On one hand, this will increase farmer's income and on the other hand, it will arrest land degradation. Currently, the overall government funding for sustainable agriculture is less than one percentage of agricultural budget. So, this must be increased to aid the farmers. Finally, the entire form to fork value chain can be made sustainable and inclusive. Here, the corporations must focus on acquiring sustainably produced products. So, these are some of the steps that can be taken to address the challenges faced by India's farm system. These points can be incorporated in the conclusion part. So, this is all regarding this discussion. Here, we have seen the significance of India's food system in achieving food security. Then, we have seen challenges in various process of food system. And then, we also saw what are the steps that can be taken to address those challenges. So, this is all regarding this discussion. Now, let us move to the next topic. Now, look at this news article. Recently, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 struck Afghanistan. After a few days, multiple earthquakes of similar strength killed at least 1000 people in the country. So, in this context only, this article here is written. In our analysis, we are going to see about the basics of earthquake, the reasons for frequent earthquake in Afghanistan, and also the reasons for earthquake in India. Firstly, let us see the basis for earthquake to happen. This can be explained by plate tectonic theory. See, according to the theory, earth is made up of 7 major plates and 20 minor plates. These plates are continuously moving with respect to each other. Know that this movement is due to the heat generated inside the earth. Moreover, the edges of these plates are called plate boundaries, and there are fault lines between the two plates. Most of the earthquake happened between these fault lines. See, faults are nothing but cracks or fractures on the earth crust. The plates on either side of the fault line would slide past each other, and this creates an earthquake. This is how an earthquake happens. Basically, earthquake is a sudden trembling or shaking of earth's surface. The point where the energy is released is called the focus of earthquake, and it is also called hypo-center. It is always present deep under the earth. The point nearest to the focus is called epicenter. This point is the first one to experience the earthquake ways. Note that this point is directly above the focus on the surface of the earth. So, this is the basics of earthquake. Now let us see why earthquakes are frequently happening in Afghanistan. The main reason lies with the geography of Afghanistan. See, Afghanistan is located at a critical juncture, where the meeting of Indian and Eurasian plate takes place. Know that these plates will often collide leading to significant tectonic activity. Moreover, this region has many fault lines, like charm on fault, main palmir thrust, which are the sources of earthquakes. Moreover, Afghanistan is located on the Eurasian plate. See, in the western side of Afghanistan, the Arabian plates subducts under Eurasian plate, and in the eastern side of Afghanistan, the Indian plate subducts under Eurasian plate. So, in the middle of this, the country of Afghanistan is present. And also note that in the southern side of Afghanistan, the Arabian and Indian plates attach together and they both subducts under Eurasian plate. So, all these movements create faults. And these faults are the source of major earthquakes happening in Afghanistan. Now, let us see the reasons for earthquakes in India. According to Beru of Indian standards, India has been grouped into four seismic zones. Zone 5, Zone 4, Zone 3 and Zone 2. Now that, Zone 5 is highly prone to earthquake, which means it is a most dangerous zone. Whereas, Zone 2 has lower incidence of earthquake. Now, let us see the reasons for earthquakes in various parts of India. First of all, let us take the Himalayan Belt. The main reason for earthquake in this region is due to the movement of Indian plate towards Eurasian plate. Moreover, there is also a collision between Eurasian plate with Java Sumatra plate in this belt. Due to these collisions only, a long strain is created in the underlying rocks and the energy gets released in the form of earthquake. Now, coming to the peninsula of India. We all know that it is one of the largest stable regions in the world. Though it is believed to be stable, we have seen various earthquakes in the past, such as Bhuj earthquake, Ladduri earthquake, Koina earthquake etc. The main reason is due to the stresses resulting from collision of plates in India and North Asia. Moreover, presence of rift or deep falls in the region, like Narmada rift valley, Thabti rift, Kurudwadi rift is the major reason for earthquake in this region. The third area is about Andaman Nicobar Islands. Here the sea floor displacement and underwater volcanoes will disturb the equilibrium of earth surface, creating earthquake in this region. If you take north eastern region, there is Kopili fault zone, which is responsible for seismic activity in this region. See, it is a 300 km fault line extending from Manipur to the tri-junction of Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. This region is located closer to Himalayan frontal thrust. This tectonically active region falls under highest seismic hazard zone, that is zone 5. Moreover, this zone has witnessed many earthquakes in the past. So this is all about the reasons for earthquakes in major earthquake prone areas in India. So in this discussion, we have saw the basics about earthquakes, why earthquakes are frequently happening in Afghanistan and what are the reasons for earthquakes happening in India. So this is all about this discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Now look at this article. Yesterday, a division bench of Kerala High Court has directed Malaburam Legal Service Authority to inquire about the houses constructed by state government, which were built for tribal hamlets. And the court has asked to submit a report on whether the houses were habitable and if any allotments advocates has been issued to the tribes. So this is the crux of the article given here. In this context, let us quickly go through provisions of legal aid in India and about National Legal Service Authority. Firstly, know that legal aid means providing legal assistance to poor persons in any judicial proceedings before the court or tribunals or any authority. Here note that providing free legal aid to weaker section is a duty of state under Directive Principles of State Policy. Under Part 4 of Indian Constitution, Article 39A states that government has to provide free legal aid to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen. And also note that Article 14 and Article 22 makes it obligatory for state to ensure equality before law and a legal system which promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity to all. So these provisions ensure free legal aid to citizens of India. Based on these constitutional provisions, Union government has established National Legal Service Authority that is NALSA in 1995 to provide free legal aid for marginalized sections. The National Legal Service Authority is a statutory body in India and it is constituted under Legal Services Authority Act 1987. NALSA provides free legal services to marginalized and weaker sections of society and it also aims to ensure that justice is accessible to all regardless of economic or social status. It plays a significant role in promoting legal awareness and empowering individuals to seek justice. The NALSA's mission is to secure justice for underprivileged and ensure that everyone has equal access to legal aid and representation. Note that Chief Justice of India is Patron in Chief of NALSA. Now coming to the important functions of NALSA. Firstly, it provides free legal aid and legal advice to marginalized sections. It also spread legal awareness to all the citizens in the country. It organizes low-catholic and it also promotes the settlement of disputes through alternate dispute resolution mechanisms. Some examples of alternate dispute mechanisms include arbitration, consolation, judicial settlement through low-catholic or mediation. Finally, it provides compensation to victims of crime. So these are important functions of NALSA. Now who are eligible for getting free legal services? Beneficiaries such as women, children, members of a CST community, industrial workmen, disabled persons, victims of mass disorder, etc. So these people can get free legal services under National Legal Services Authority. So this is all about this discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Look at this article. Yesterday Supreme Court Bench issued a notice to Delhi Police on petitions challenging the arrest and remand of news click founder under the Draconian Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. The issue may not be relevant for our examination, but UAPA is very important in both problems and main perspective. So in today's news article discussion, let us go through UAPA. That is Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. See UAPA was initially passed in 1967 under the Congress government led by previous Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It was an upgrade on Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Prevention Act, TADA Act and the Prevention of Terrorism Act. Due to rapid change in the technique and pattern of terrorism, UAPA Act of 1976 is amended several times and the recent amendment was done in 2019. Now we shall see the provisions of the Act. UAPA Act mainly deals with unlawful activities. What does unlawful activity mean? Unlawful activity means any action taken by organization or individual who intends to bring session or results into separation or disrupts the sovereignty and integrity of India. According to the Act, if the central government has opinion that any association has become unlawful association, it may issue notification under official gazette and declare such association to be unlawful. Under the Act, the central government may designate an organization as terrorist organization if it commits or participates in the Act of Terrorism, prepares for terrorism, promotes terrorism or otherwise involved in terrorism. The Act was amended in 2019 and it additionally imports the government to designate individual persons as terrorists on the same grounds. The Act empowers the officers of National Investigative Agency with the rank of inspector and above to investigate the cases regarding unlawful activities. The approval of Director General of NIA is required for the seizure of property under this UAPA Act. The Act defines terrorist acts that are committed within the scope of any of the treaties listed in the schedule of the Act. The treaties include convention for suppression of terrorist bombings, convention against taking of hostages, international convention for suppression of acts of nuclear terrorism. So these are some of the important provisions covered under the Act. So this is all regarding this discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Now we have come to the prelims practice question discussion. How many of the following statements about LPG are correct? LPG is a mixture of propane and butane gases. LPG is stored and distributed in its gaseous state under high pressure. In the case of a spill, LPG quickly dissipates making it safer. LPG has lower octane rating compared to gasoline. The first statement is correct? Look at the second statement it is incorrect. LPG is stored and distributed in its liquid form under moderate pressure. Look at the third statement it is also incorrect. In case of spill, LPG does not dissipate quickly. This is because LPG is heavier than air and this property make LPG unsafe for use. The fourth statement is also wrong. LPG has higher octane rating compared to gasoline. So only the first statement is correct? So the correct answer is option A. Now look at the second question. It is about National Legal Service Authority. National Legal Service Authority is a constitutional body established under Article 124 of Indian Constitution. This statement is not correct. Because it is a statutory body and it was constituted under Legal Services Authorities Act 1987. Look at the second statement. It provides free legal aid and services to weaker section of society. Yes, this statement is correct. Look at the third statement. The Chief Justice of India serves as Executive Chairman of NALSA. This statement is incorrect. Because Chief Justice of India is a patron in chief of NALSA. A sitting judge of Supreme Court is appointed as Executive Chairman of NALSA. So the correct answer is option A. Only one. Now look at the third question. Consider the following statements about Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. The decision of central government to designate an organization as terrorist organization under UAPA is not subject to judicial review. This statement is incorrect. Because the decision of central government is subjected to judicial review. The recent amendment to the Act extended the maximum period of detention to 365 days. This statement is also incorrect. Because the maximum period of detention under UAPA is 180 days. And the recent amendment did not extend the maximum period of detention. Look at the third statement. National Investigation Agency is a sole investigating agency responsible for all cases registered under UAPA. This statement is also incorrect. Because in addition to NIA other law enforcement agencies can also investigate and handle cases under UAPA. So the correct answer is option D. This is the main question for you today. Interested aspirants can write the answer and post it in the comment section. With this we have come to the end of the discussion. If you like the video please share it with your friends. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankara AS YouTube channel. Thank you.


Let me postulate from the Franz Fanonian dictum. We stipulate that the dialectics of reconciling to conflicting ideas is the algebra of revolution. The overbearing intervention of the state government had further exacerbated oporumbium and amounting to sadomasochisms in our community. The strategy by political jobbers to siphon monies we suffer what you call political axivian yonan torom. Conclusively, we are a microcosm of the issues in the Nigel Delta in the macrocosm. Today, we as a people are stating voxay papuli voxay dehi.


Hello everybody welcome back to another mid-journey version 5 tutorial on this one. I'm going to show you how to take sketches like these two at the top here and then turn them into photographs. Literally they look so photorealistic that you'd have a hard time convincing me that these were not taken by really high-end photographers or cameras. And let me show you what I'm talking about here. So here's the first image by Messi. Here's a Messi image and then here's a Ronaldo. These are both drawings and they're sketches basically. And then let's just take a look at the kind of stuff we got. Like this one's 98% of the way there. This one here is extremely realistic. I mean this is just crazy stuff. Here's a group of four that I got from one generation and three of them are usable. This top left one's a little bit rough but not so bad and I'll just keep going through them quickly here so you can see them. I mean this is crazy and these are not photos. These are AI generated. So there's just a few examples off the top of my head here. I'm going to show you Messi here. These are also AI generated. You can tell because his ears are a little bit too sharp. But here we go. Let's just take a quick look here. Like Messi, Messi, Messi. These just look like photos and yet none of them are. How the heck did I do it? Well that's the good part. We're going to show you, I'm going to show you the prompts. I'm going to show you the techniques and everything. And before I do that I'll just scroll through this thing here and I'm going to show you. I've been doing this for like eight hours today and I've had so many mistakes and misses and I think I finally narrowed it down to something that's going to work most of the time. So here we go. All right. Keep in mind version five is brand new so this might change in the future. Okay. So let's go ahead and do it. I'm going to go imagine forward slash imagine and then for this one here, I'll do this one here. I'm going to put the prompts in the description. So I'm just going to copy and paste it in here so you can see it. And basically it is forward slash imagine and then the image. And then you'll see here there's the image and then at the end of the image you're going to see colon colon five. Basically I'm giving it a text weight. So if I was to go over here and take a look over here, I'm giving it basically a prompt weight of five. Now it's not clear if that works properly with images right now but it has been impacting my results so I'm just going to leave that in there. And then this one is going to say photograph with a Canon DSLR. Of course you can make it a Nikon or whatever you use a Hasselbrad or whatever. Softlighting DOF which means depth of field, uplift, 35 millimeter lens and then crucially part of me dash dash IW space 2.0 which means dash dash which means image weight two. So we're assigning an image weight of two. When I hit enter, this is now going to go ahead and do that. And you'll see here if I log in, if I click this link while I'm waiting, it takes me to nothing. It takes me to a dead end but watch this. If I just get rid of this colon colon five, this is the actual image that it's using as its source. So there's no way that this isn't going to work because this or this isn't this image because it is using that sketch as its source. When I come back here, you'll see here that it's slowly forming and you can already see that messy is coming out here. So let's go ahead and look at the other prompt that I've got here. So we've done that one here. This one here is what is this one? Any leave of it? Okay, yes. So the other thing I'm going to take the second prompt and again I'll put it in the description below. I mean look at these. You can already tell this is going to work. I'm going to go forward slash imagine. I'm going to copy and paste that in and then basically what it is is this is a picture or of Ronaldo. You can even see it says Ronaldo, JPEG. And then you can see it has colon colon five in it as well. So we're giving it a prompt weight of five. And then instead of having the camera and the lighting and all that stuff described, we have photographed by Annie Leibovitz. She's a very famous photographer. And then I just give it a little more stuff like soft lighting, depth of field, uplight, 35 millimeter lens, etc. And then very crucially, dash dash IW space 2.0, which again is image weight. Image weights are back in version five and they work fantastically. I'm going to go ahead and hit enter on that. And while I do that, let's see what we got here. So I'm going to click on this. And I mean, if I'm being honest, these are all amazing images. These are just frigging fantastic. So what would I do? I would of course upscale or up sample one or upscale one. Oops, don't want to do that upscale two. These are all just amazing. So there you go. This was the first prompt. And this is the result it gave me. And keep in mind that again, when I click on this button here, when I get rid of the dash dash, the colon colon five at the end, you can tell that this is using this as the image prompt. So it is using this as the sketch because it's actually in the prompt. So let's go back to what we've got cooking here with Ronaldo, the other one. Ronaldo, again, a little different. But you'll see here it's photographed by Annie Leibovitz. Now, if I was to go over here, and I'll put a link to this as well, I'm at midlibrary.io. And then on this here, you'll see that they've got photographers. And one of the photographers is Annie Leibovitz. And these are just some of her styles here. So here she is, you know, they've got really realistic styles, lots of shadows. And again, I'll link this here. So if you were to click on photographers, you can go through all of these different photographers, there's just hundreds of them here. And you can try them out. Van Lee Burke, that looks pretty interesting. Anyways, let's go back here. It's done. It's at 100%. Let's click on and see what we got. Okay, slowly finishing here. Okay, there it is, it's done. All right, let's go back to it. Where did it go? There it is. And then presto, this first one is fantastic. The second one is pretty damn good. The third one is amazing. The fourth one is amazing. This is how you take drawing and sketches to photography. Real deal stuff, guys. If you have any questions or any comments, please leave them. I will get back to them all. Thanks for watching.


you're out at the head of analytics in Accenture Ireland so maybe we'll kick off if you tell us a little bit about yourself and the work you do here in Accenture. Happy to. So this is my background. I got a degree in maths, master's in industrial mathematics. I started 20 something years ago as a credit scoring analyst building predictive models for a bank and over the last 20 odd years I've mostly worked as a management consultant using analytics to help my clients improve either how they interact with their customers or how they are more efficiently as an organisation. So what attracted you to get involved and predict again this year? Yeah like as you know we were talking about earlier like in my previous role when I led health analytics for Europe and Accenture I presented at the conference two years ago and just some of the work we're doing around cardiovascular readmissions. It was an exciting time you know great to see a better dynamic conference. I think it's also really exciting to see how yourselves are evolving as the data analytics community in Ireland so it feels as well. I think one of the things that really excited me this time was with your own maturity and really interested in the different special streams. So I think that was as well as you know committing to the analytics community in Ireland so it's important for us to do that. I think there's some really interesting technical specialist areas that we are we're keen to share our stories and give our people stories as well. What would you like to achieve from predicting? One is actually making that contribution and helping build and expand that community. I think secondly we've got loads of them you know so I want to I want myself and I want the team to sort of hear those stories from others to reflect on how we can expand it and through what we're doing as well. Look we are also open for business and open for recruitment so there are other advantages there and I think it was my team's keen to get involved and I think one of the things with this conference is it was a real bottom up feel that this is a great thing for us to be involved in so we're delighted to do that from a team perspective as well. Anyone starting out with their career and funding to analytics what would be the single biggest advice you'd give them or other advice in general? So I think for me it's about getting involved and it's about getting involved in the best way you can. There's a wonderful data science analytics community in Ireland there's lots of opportunities to get involved in hackathons and there's lots of meetups and there's loads of opportunities to do with jobs so I think the thing for me is it's really just get involved in the land and start to code and try things it's the best way analytics doesn't live in a textbook and it's absolutely about doing models, trying it, implementing it, failing it and getting better so that's what my team plays. It's great fun, it's directed totally at people who are problem solvers and want to, who have an inquisitive mindset and it's a contact sport to get involved with the player.