Good morning students. Let's jump right in with our very first model What I'd ask you like do what I'd like to ask you to do is to come on in take a seat and Let's follow the rules The first rule let's position yourself in a circle with your classmates So there's one classmate immediately to your left and another immediately to your right And then you can choose to either start the simulation sitting down or Standing up All right good. Looks like all of you have chosen to sit down. Let's go on and look at the next rule Each time the instructor claps I'm making noise with my hands. You're going to do one of the following Either if you are seated which all of you are now then you're going to look to your right I'm going to turn and look over your right shoulder to the person who's sitting on your right If and this IFF stands for if and only if it's computer term for if and only if the person on your right is standing up Then you're going to count to five Silently in your head one two three four five and then you're going to stand up On the other hand if you are standing You're going to count to five And then you're going to sit down Right now since we've all chosen to be a certain way before our simulation even starts We have all adopted what we will call Initial conditions initial conditions are basically the situation the conditions that we are all are all in before the simulation begins And I see here that you've all chosen to start by sitting down So our initial conditions right now that all of our participants here are starting by being seated Let's see what happens when we actually execute the rules in our model All right, is everybody ready? I'm about to make a clapping sound everybody apply the rules here. We go three two one Okay, I don't think much has happened. Let's try that again three two one Hmm what's happening here three two one Notice these initial conditions don't seem to lead to very much interesting behavior What's happening here? Well, everybody's sitting down. Is everybody applying the rules? Well, if you remember what the rules are Right now everyone is seated so everyone is seated looking to their right and I'm guessing that none of you see anybody standing up so You don't have to do anything. You were just well Staying seated. How about we try a different initial condition? Everybody stand up. Let's see what happens there. Come on. Come on Stand up. Yep up you two over there on the right stand up All right, everybody's standing now good. Oh wait. Nope. There's one more of you. All right now We're all standing up Everybody ready to apply the rules again. Think about what your rules gonna be I'm going to clap my hands and Everybody's gonna need to apply that rule. Are we ready one two three? Okay, good looks like something happened. Let's try it again. Let's apply the rule ready one two three Okay, ready one two three I Think I'm beginning to see a little bit of a pattern here. Let's try this one more time ready one two three Okay, something different happened, but then we went back and everything's staying sort of the same again. What's going on? I know let's try this. Let's try a different initial condition Everybody sit down except for yeah, you over there. How about we have one person start standing up and everybody else will sit down Let's see if that changes things All right, there we have it one of you standing up now Let's see if we can execute our rules everybody think about and remember There's two rules one set of rules for when you're standing up and one set of rules for when you're sitting down Everybody ready to execute those rules All right, let's see what happens on the count of three ready one two three Ready one two three One two three One two three One two three one two three Anybody seeing a pattern here? I think you can run the pattern without my synchronization Maybe you can do it without me actually putting the clap in place. Let's see here I'm not going to clap all clap once and then we can see if we can keep going go ahead. Let's do it and Hey There we go Anybody who recognizes pattern? Ever seen this before? I bet you have if you've ever been to a stadium maybe a ballgame here in Durham, North Carolina We have the Durham Bulls and this will happen at least once if not a couple times during the game Where you look to your right and you see somebody if they stand up and go And then they sit back down. What do you do you stand up and go? And then you sit back down and this creates a Phenomenon that we use in crowds known as the wave and why is it called the wave? Well, if you think about it, it looks a lot like what happens at the ocean when the water Rises up and then it falls back down again and it rises up and it falls back down again And when does it do that? Well, it does that When the water next to it rises up and falls down So we've created our first model and this model using very simple rules gives us an overall behavior that looks a little bit like something We call a wave What happens if we start with instead of just one person standing up we have two people standing up maybe on opposite sides Let's try that two people standing up Can you think about what you think is going to happen here? All right, let's check it out Seems like we get the wave but the wave is occurring in two different places and because we're sitting in a circle The wave continues to go around and round actually both waves now that there are two of them continues to go around and round that circle But let me ask you about another set of initial conditions. What if we get more complex? Let's try something a little bit different. All right, here we go I see that every well will say all the odd people are standing up and all the even people are sitting down Let's go ahead and Execute our process again here. Everybody follow the rules on the sound of the clap ready one two three go Let's do it again one two three go This behavior is looking a little bit different one two three go All right, let's see what happens if I just let you kind of run the process Ah Interesting if I step back and look at this I can kind of see the waves moving around in a circle But if I look more closely at any individual one of you There seems to be this up down up down up down up down up down There's a little bit different than what we've seen before.  What do you think this is going to look like? All right, we ran out we have an idea, but what we think it's gonna look like let's go ahead and apply the rules Remember there's six of you standing up right now. Let's see what happens Hmm. It seems to be there are only three people standing up right now What happened? Let's try that again. Let's rethink that let's everybody try that again. I want to see make sure everybody's applying the rules That's what's what happens in this first step everybody ready, okay? So there were six people standing up, but now we see that there are only three people Or only three waves that have managed to survive the rules and continue to go So if this is really representing a wave, do you think we're capturing all the information about the wave? So we started with a bunch of different initial conditions, but we always apply the same rules And even though we applied the same rules with the different initial conditions We've got sort of different kinds of behavior. Let's talk about the kind of behavior. We saw what patterns Do we see in our overall circle each individual had some rules, but the overall circle showed some patterns What was that first pattern there? Well, when we were all sitting down Nothing happened. We just kind of remained sitting down Why because when you looked around and saw no one standing there was no reason to stand up at least according to the rules So this idea when you have a pattern That basically repeats itself where there is no change even though there's potential in the rules for change We call this a steady state the state the condition everybody is in stays the same It's steady. We have a steady state pattern. So when we started at the beginning everybody seated. We had a steady state pattern However, when we started with everybody standing up There was a little bit of motion that was in there where we sat down and then after everybody's sitting down We went back to a steady state pattern when you're looking for patterns in science We'll often look for situations where we reach the steady state and the time when you're Moving around before you get to steady state that one step where everybody's standing up and then everybody sat down That's what we call transient behavior t-r-a-n-s-i-e-n-t transient behavior that space before you reach a consistent pattern like a steady state pattern What else did we see? Well, we also saw the wave we saw this sort of motion that repeated itself over time But where somebody stood up and then they sat back down in the person next to them stood up And they sat back down in the next person stood up and that looked a little bit like the form of a wave Moving around the circle What else did we see? How else would we describe those other things? What happens when everybody was up and everybody was down? What happened when half of us were up and half of us were down? When we had that situation instead of it looking like a wave You can also look at it as a up down up down up down up down up down up down sort of a flashing behavior Or what we would call Oscillatory behavior and oscillation something that changes between one state and goes back to another state And this case the entire pattern goes from All these shall we say the odd people standing up and then the even people standing up and then all the odd people Standing up and all the even people standing up So that's another kind of behavior steady state everything stays the same We might have something like the wave where things are moving around we can see them We could have oscillations where things move up and then they return to a state and then they return to the state again So we're beginning to see some Overall patterns or overall behavior from this simple set of rules So let's talk about the parts what we The pieces that were necessary to create this model First of all there were the individual agents in this case you students You were each sort of individuals the individual agents could be something some individual person that's acting some Particle that's acting maybe a rock maybe something that represents a molecule Maybe some kind of animal or perhaps it might even be a place a sort of place in space It's interacting but the key idea is there's something that has some rules for interacting with the other Some things and these some things we're going to call agents for our agent model Each of our agents in this model has some states in this case to Binary being the word for two Okay, so this is up there are binary states The two states here were standing or sitting we didn't distinguish between things like scratching my head or wearing a certain color clothing And even though some of you might have looked a little different those weren't important for our model The only two important parts for our model with were whether you were standing up or whether you were sitting down Okay, we started with some initial states. You either had to be standing up or sitting down at the beginning of the model Okay, and here's another thing that we talked about our boundaries Notice with this model. We all sat in a circle So everybody had somebody to the right and everybody had somebody to the left looking at them and because we connected that circle It made it pretty easy. However, what would have happened if I had you all sit in a straight line? Well, if you were on a straight line then the person who was Sitting on the far left would have nobody looking at them Nobody following them for their rules and the person sitting at the far right Would have to need some special rules. What do they do? They have nobody on their right to look at so how would they behave? And we would have to give them some special set of rules for how they would behave Would they always stand up when they always sit down would they make something up? Those would create our boundary conditions, which are going to be very important for the behavior over model One of the things about our rules our rules basically governed how we behaved based on The states or the conditions that our neighbors were in we looked at the person to our right We could have looked at the person on our left But in this case we didn't care so much about them all we cared about is the one neighbor on our right and a little bit About ourselves if we were sitting down we did something different than if we were standing up So the rules were subject to the states of ourselves the agents we were and of our neighbors the agents that were close to us and Then what do we do? We apply the rules clap. We applied the rules again Clap we applied the rules again clap the term for repeatedly applying these rules and notice Synchronized synchronized men that we all did it at the same time Reason why I wanted to have you count to five before you applied the rules is because if you looked at the person at their right And they were faster than you and making their decision and they had already sat down or already stood up Then that would change what choice you would make so in order to synchronize us all together I had you make your decisions and Then I gave you sort of five seconds of time to stay in the same state before you changed So that there wasn't sort of a confusion about which state you were in while your neighbor was making their choice and applying their rules That synchronization is particularly important if you're going to build an effective model and the term we're using for this is an iteration An iteration is one application of the rules where all the agents apply the rules and Then once we're done with that we can repeat that process I clap my hands again everybody applies the rules again, and that would be an iteration Now it turns out our first little model here is an example of something. It's called a cellular Automata cellular well comes from the same sort of ideas of biological cell our agents can be considered cells if it's sort of a Describe as a place in space and automata or something that automatically repeats our process that automatically iterates So our little model here and or the wave that we all learned when we were or we may have looked seen before when we were at a ball game Okay, our Recorded this some information about them written by Stephen Wolfram in a big thick book called a new kind of science Which we'll be referring to quite a bit as we talk about models Okay in his model he describes sort of a generic a more general version of this system that creates the way So we're gonna recreate his model Okay, and we're gonna start with defining our agents in this case our agents are gonna be individual grid boxes in a row each with two neighbors hmm You're gonna need some graph paper go ahead and find yourself a piece of graph paper and When you do let's continue So for this model, I'm gonna ask you to identify the first row The first row of Grid boxes across the top of your piece of graph paper You don't necessarily have to box them out. I'm just drawing them here. Okay, and our agents in this particular case Our agents are gonna be each of these individual grid boxes for example This grid box here in red would be an individual agent in my new system Note that each of my agents has two neighbors and in the neighbor that's immediately to the right and in the neighbor That's immediately to the left actually maybe I should draw it like this immediately to the right and immediately to the left Each of our agents is going to have one of two States this is going to be a binary system. So the two states could either be on or off We could think about something as being on or something being off We could think about it as a computer does where it's a one or a zero or we could think about it with a color situation Where we fill one in this black and the other one is white now We're gonna have to decide which one is going to be sort of the on or the off or the black or the white in this particular case Let's go ahead with the black color being off as if we turn something off the lights off and the white color being on Once we've established these states. We will want a set of initial conditions On an initial row of however many cells there are in this case It says 50 cells, but you might have a different number of cells across the your row of paper Okay, but we'll have to decide whether or not we're going to start with some with what our initial states are whether We're going to be on or off and then we'll want to work with us the patterns from there Well, let's go ahead and create some initial conditions in our first row In our first row of grid boxes And one of the things you might come to realize here is that even though we have this idea of there being two states a state That's on In which case we're indicating by a white box and a state that's off that we're indicating by a black box The problem with that is that how do we indicate a box that we haven't decided on yet because it's on or it's empty So actually what we're going to do here is we're going to indicate on the condition of being on Well, let's start with the condition of being off the condition is being off We're going to fill in the box with a dark color, so it's been turned off Okay, maybe I'll turn this one off But if I want to indicate the condition of one being on I have to somehow indicate that I've decided that that one's on So I'm going to do that by maybe putting sort of a little sketching a little round circle in there That indicates that it's on and that I've decided that it's on Okay, but that it's not unlike the ones to the right here that I haven't decided on yet I'll have I'll know that that that I've actually dealt with that one So we're kind of dealing with three states the state of being on the state of being off and the state of I haven't decided yet Because it's just a blank piece of paper. Let's go ahead and finish creating a Series here and I'm going to ask you to actually at least for the first few of these To create them so it looks a little bit like mine as it'll make it easier for the next part of the demonstration So let's go ahead and fill in just a few more of these boxes with some somewhat random initial conditions And now I have it done nowhere near 50. In fact, I've done about 5 10 15 maybe 16 or so we're going to stop there because that should be good enough for our purposes right now as Was our case for our initial model where we were all standing and sitting There are lots of possibilities for initial conditions for this model We could all start with them all on we could start with them all off We could start with a single cell on or a single cell off and all the others the other way We could start with some sort of pattern on off on off on off on off as we tried Or we could start with some sort of random distribution, which is what we've just created Okay, the next thing we have to discuss is the boundary conditions how do you handle the ends of the of the line of the row in This case we're going to make our boundary conditions Just like the boundary conditions conditions we had when we were sitting in a circle the boxes at the left and right ends are Considered to be neighbors as if the row was arranged in a circle. Let's look at that what that means on our graph paper So what that means is that this box over here on the far left Which doesn't have a neighbor to its left? We're going to consider it being connected to the box over here on the far right Which doesn't have a neighbor on its right? So the two of them are going to be end up being neighbors to each other We're going to make these connected boundary conditions now the thing about connected boundary conditions Is they make it really easy for the model to behave and so that it's the same everywhere that every single thing has a neighbor? However, there's a problem with that kind of modeling in the sense that those kind of boundary conditions Don't exist as frequently in real physical systems Yes There are some physical systems if we're modeling the entire earth if you go to the right side of the earth and keep going if you Keep going and keep going eventually you come all the way back around again So that works for systems that are circular, but very often we're not looking at systems that are full Fully global at a global scale and might go from one side of a continent to the other side of a continent Or from one side of a city to another side of a city if we're thinking about places in space So in this case, we're going to do it to simplify our model But they're going to be other times when we're going to want to make boundary conditions that are a little bit more complex and we'll have to Work with the rules to determine what we do in the boundary and they are very important to how our models behave for this model in iteration is going to be Another row each successive row is laid out below the previous iteration Maintaining a record of the states in the vertical space So before where we had one state and I clap my hands and everything changed and then I clap my hands and everything changed We were keeping track of iterations in time But unless you took pictures at everything at the time step We wouldn't necessarily know what had happened in the past in this case We're going to organize our iterations in space that the first row is going to be Well our initial conditions, but the second row will record our application of rules So each of the little grid boxes will be represented by a column that the grid box in the very middle And all the ones below it will represent that same grid at just different steps in the process for example This grid that I'm going to mark in purple here If we look at that grid if we look at the boxes that are below it Each of these successive boxes below it will represent the state of that grid after each application of rules So the first one is the state of that grid upon the initial conditions The second one is after one of application of rules after the second application after the third application After the fourth application so first application the second third Fourth and then usually we represent the initial conditions with a zero Okay, so did the initial state corresponds with time zero or zero steps having been Executed so each of our successive rows is going to be one application of our rules or one iteration So what are the rules here they are rules The state of a new box is determined from the current box And it's two nearest neighbors, so I'm going to look at what state I am on my honor off I'm going to look to my right. I'm going to look to my left Okay, and that will help determine what my new state will be Let's see here eight to two to third possible combinations each determines one of the two states So let's talk about what this means so If I'm a box So let's consider the condition of our little box one here a purple box number one. We notice purple box number one is A later version of the box. It's right above it box zero which we notice is on at the beginning of this Is on as an initial condition and then there's also a box To the upper left and to the right basically the box to the left and right of box zero One of which is on and the other which is off Let's go ahead and Replicate that on the next page so we can talk about what's happening So here's box number one and here's box number zero that's on and the box to the left of it Which is also on and the box to the right of it, which is off Okay, and we want to figure out what box number one is going to be and it needs to look at each of those three boxes now There are many possible combinations well by many I mean eight possible combinations of Things that could come from these boxes. There are two possibilities for the box on the left Two possibilities for the box on the left There's two possibilities for the box in the middle and there's two possibilities for the box on the right two times two times two is Equal to eight two to the third or eight possible combinations of boxes That we could have to determine our state Let's see if we can figure out what all those possible combinations are take a moment and see if you can think about What each of them is so what combinations did you get? Let's see here It's possible that all of them could be off off off That would look something like this where they were all filled in all filled in and all filled in okay That's one possible combination of boxes another one might be off Off and then on where the two boxes on the left are off But the one on the right is on What else here off? on off In this case our box in the middle is on and the ones on the right and left are off Or we can have off on and on Turn the one left off and the other two are on Well, that's four of our eight and Notice in all four of those the left hand box was off Now I'm going to do a similar set of patterns But this case where four conditions where the left most box is on so we have on off off on off me the middle one is off We have on on And finally we have on all three of them Well before when we had our simple version of the wave all we cared about was our condition of Ourselves whether we were standing or sitting down and the person to our right in fact when we were sitting down We didn't really mean when we were standing up We didn't even care about the person to our right when we were standing up We immediately sat back down again However when we're sitting down we looked to the right and saw whether they were standing up and that meant that we stood up So that was just a couple of things to look at well for each of these We now have eight different possible things that we could see when we observe ourselves in our neighbors And for each of those things we can create or make up a rule That determines What we're going to do next So let's create some rules For each of these states I'm going to start with one here. We're going to say that when we start with all three of them off let's leave it off and Then let's say when we have this second situation here off off on let's turn it on We'll make this one on We'll make this one off Notice I'm choosing these somewhat arbitrarily here Okay, that's just an example what we're doing is figuring out all the possible combinations And what we will do when we see those combinations that make this last one on I made a lot of them off here And we'll make that last one go off now There isn't a particular logic to this choice here, but I've simply done is come up with a possible Way of Well a set of rules there are eight rules here when I seek state number one here where everything's off Then I'm going to stay off myself if I see state number two Well, then I'm going to make a different choice if I see state number three so on and so forth I'm going to make a different choice. Let's go back and see What this means? Well, let's actually look for what this means for our condition for box number one here If you look we have off I mean, I'm sorry on on and off. Where is that on? On and off well, we've decided to make that one a condition where we're going to Remain on if we see that condition we're going to remain on so let me go to my graph paper and For that grid right there. We've determined that based on this on on and off We're going to remain on Okay, well, let's look at the grid. That's a mealy to the right of that this one right here All right from there. I see on off and off Well according to my set of rules. What does on off off tell me to do?  So I'm going to apply for this one I'm going to apply the rules based on the three things that were above me Let me do that for the one that's next to it now This one has three that are above it all three of them are off And if I go and look at my rules for everything off it says Stay off. All right. Let's repeat that process for just a few more of these steps I'll do it slowly here that you can watch. You should be able to figure it out by yourself and Do well, let's fill out some of this in both directions All right now I've encountered a difficulty or a difference here now I've reached the far right side But hopefully you already know what to how to handle that far right side in this particular case I need a rule of three things. I'm going to use the green color here to sort help me out So I'm trying to figure out what's happening in this spot right here Well to do that I need to know the one that's directly above me and the one that's to the left and the one that's to the right Well, which one is to the right well according to our battery conditions The one to the right is the one that's way over here on the far left because they're connected to each other So now to figure out my state for this one here on the right in green I look at the ones above it.  Well, it has the one that's on the far right, which is off Let's do this in blue Okay, this one is Off The one that's in the middle right above it is off and the one to the right of that is off So all three of those are off. So this one of the far left is also going to be off And if I keep going here, I should be able to complete the rest of this I know that off off on gives me On I know that the alternating one gives me on So now after completing all of these pieces, I have now Created a row that represents my first iteration. We have a new set of states Some of them are off. Some of them are on and that is our first iteration Which I can see if yours matches mine. Maybe you can see some mistakes. I hope not But maybe you can find hopefully you can understand how the process works so now Steven Wolfram in studying this system realized that This one group of eight different ways to interpret it could be considered a set of rules or actually That's what he called the rules for one of his possibilities And he said well, there's lots and lots and lots of combinations of these in fact there are two hundred and fifty six Or two to the eighth Possible combinations of these rules. How did he get that? Well, he recognized for each Combination of boxes there was one choice for whether you turn it on or turn it off For example with off off and off you could have either turned it on or off So there were two choices for that one two choices for the next one two choices for each of these and if you multiply two Eight times you get two to the eighth hour, which is equal to two hundred and fifty six So there are two hundred and fifty six possible combinations of these Interpretations here and that's what he would call a rule. So he said there were two hundred and fifty six types of Rules that corresponded with just this one simple little Model well from also said there's got to be a way of keeping track of these rules To sort of so we can sort of talk about the same rules and understand what they are for example One of these rules is the wave that you are talking about Well, how do we know we could name all of them? But that's 256 different names and he wanted to keep track of these in a slightly different way So he decided to use a numbering system for keeping track of these and this numbering system Takes into account the whole idea of binary counting the idea the same idea as What is used for computers when computers do their thinking a binary counting system some of you may be familiar with this If not, this might be the first time you're going to see it So for example what roll from said is he decided to put things in the same order that we've put him here where the first Kind of switch was off off off the second one was off off on the third one was off on off and so on and so forth And what he did for each of those he said okay for each of those I'm going to assign a zero or a one and the whole combination of all those zeros and ones We'll make an eight digit number But an eight digit number that only has zeros and ones for example. He took his first one right here and he said this is a Zero because it was off. You see how I have it off over here And he took the second one here and he made that the next digit and he said that that's a one And then he take this third one here And that was also one This one that's right here is a zero One that's next to it is a zero This one is a zero This one is a one and this one is a Zero So the binary code number this is in binary. It's all in zeros and ones For this particular rule is zero one zero zero zero one one zero However, we're human beings. We tend to do stuff in Groups of tens in the decimal system Which is what you learn when you're in kindergarten in first grade in your first learning how to count and why? Well, because we have ten fingers and that makes it easier to sort of group things in chunks of ten well There is a way to translate this big long binary number zero one zero zero zero one one zero into Decimals in your decimal system. You'll remember that first you can count up from zero to nine, but if you had a number that was something like 328 You'll notice that the first digit is your ones digit that you have eight ones And your second digit is your tens digit you have two tens which is 20 and your third digit is your hundreds digit And you have three a hundred so three hundred twenty eight Notice the ones the tens and the hundreds these are all in base ten that your first digit was Ten to the zero with power your second digit was ten to the first power and your third digit was ten to the second power And notice your fourth digit would be ten to the third power or thousands and so on and so forth that each of your digits in this system goes up by a factor of Ten Well in our binary system each digit in the binary system goes up by a factor of two our first digit in The binary system let's create some space here right at our first digit in the binary system is just like in the decimal system That's our ones place. So in here, that's the number of ones we have However, instead of going up by a factor of ten in our binary system We're going to go up by a factor of two the second digit is our twos place So in this case I have zero ones, but I have one two The third digit is two to the second power or our four's place Then our eighths place are 16ths place are 30 seconds place Some of you might recall two and two are four four and four are eight It's a song about an inch worm eight and eight are sixteen sixteen and sixteen or thirty-two Basically as a song about a little inch we're measuring things well after thirty-two thirty-two times two is sixty-four and Sixty-four times two is to hunt is a hundred and twenty-eight Okay, well, let's see here So if that's how many pieces there are each of those represents how many Groups of each thing you have in the first case for there are a number here if we want to convert it into decimals We do it this way. We have zero ones that's zero. We have one two So that's plus two. We have one four. So that's plus four. We don't have any eights or sixteen or thirty seconds But we do have a sixty-four and we don't have any a hundred and twenty-eight Okay, so what I've done is I've Coded I've taken my offs and ons and offs and ons and offs and ons And I've taken all the ons and made them into ones and all the offs and made them into zeros There's my ones and zeros But once I put them all in this order like this I can convert that into a decimal value by keeping track by giving them each an amount That's a binary amount in this case. I have a 64 I have a four and a two when I add 64 plus 4 plus 2 that gives me plus 4 plus 2 That's going to give me 68 a total value of 70 and according to Wolfram's convention This rule that we've used right here is rule 70 So here's my challenge for you Which rule is the rule that we've already seen which rule is the wave Pause the lesson and see if you can figure it out Before I give you the answer. So let's think about what the rules of the wave said First of all the rules of the wave said if you were sitting down Then you look to the person out and you're right, but if you were standing up Well, then you sat back down. Let's start with the ideas of if you were standing up We're gonna consider standing up to be on so again Up is on Well, which of these are we the person who's in the middle? We're looking at our neighbors in which case are the ones that we're standing up Well in these four cases are all the cases where we were standing up and the rule for that when we were standing up was to Sit down So in all the cases where we started standing up We now turn ourselves off or sit down That there came the case where we were sitting down But we looked to our right and we saw somebody standing up here I am sitting down and I look to my right and there's somebody standing up There's another case where I'm sitting down here It is where I'm sitting down and I look to my right and I see somebody standing up Well, what do I do in that case in those cases?  Well these other conditions I'm sitting down, but I look to my right and somebody's already down. Well, it didn't say to do anything there So if I'm not doing anything, I guess I'm just staying in the same seated position or the same off position So now according to Wolfram's rules here and again We got to make sure these are in the same order as Wolfram has them in which this is how This is the order the off off off off off on if you want to record that order it might be a good idea Okay, so let's go ahead and look and give these a number This is zero Again, but this number here is the one in the far left and then we'll keep going. This is the one then zero zero and Then zero one zero zero Okay, there's all our eight digits and so our Wolfram code is zero zero one zero zero zero one zero But that's kind of confusing and we're not used to that. So let's convert that into decimal How do we convert that in a decimal? We recognize the places here's my ones place. Here's my twos place for eight sixteen Thirty-two. I really only care about the places where I have a value of one I have one two and one thirty-two thirty-two plus two is equal to thirty-four so rule thirty-four is the wave or at least the wave as We created it rule thirty-four the wave So let's go back and look at that sort of original model. We were working with Here we have my first row my initial conditions and I calculated the second row for that sort of first iteration You see any patterns here? It's kind of messy. It's all sorts of different colors Maybe it would work better if I colored them all in black But it's gonna be kind of hard to see those at least until I do a bunch of different rows to see if there is Any sort of relationship? I mean we could watch when people are standing up and sitting down and standing up and sitting down in patterns But now there should be some patterns we might be able to see in space But it's gonna be kind of hard to see those patterns here until we've done a lot of work and This is one of the ideas behind computer modeling. Well, we have we've done this process But why don't we ask the computer to do the process for us if the computer can do the process for us and Show us what this looks like. Maybe we can work with the computer to see the overall patterns in the system One place you can explore these patterns is in the book a new kind of science by Stephen Wolfram But another place we can do it is Through a program that will be provided to you in net logo Here's a called Wolfram shell CA dot n logo. It's a little hard to read there Wolfram shell CA dot n logo Let's go take a look at that program When you open up the wall from shell CA file in net logo, you should see something like this You should see a few buttons on the side that say set up draw reset and go and you should see a blank screen With tix equals zero on the top In order to run this the first thing you're going to do is you're going to click on the button that says set up Nothing will really happen with set up except that you'll see a thin white line across the top Okay, in that case that thin white line is going to represent sort of our off conditions Black will represent our haven't decided yet and then we're going to use red to represent the on conditions in this case It's a little bit different. The red is going to be on and the black and the white is going to be off In order for me to create the initial conditions. I'm going to click on draw What that'll do is it'll highlight the draw and then I can click on individual pixels If I hold on the pixels they'll go off and on but I can click on them And if it's a red pixel, I can turn it off if it's a white pixel I can turn it on by clicking and so you can create a set of initial conditions along that top row if you would like you could potentially recreate the initial conditions from our The initial conditions from our example from before if you wanted to check but I'm going to create sort of a Set of somewhat random initial conditions once I'm done drawing those initial conditions I can click off to turn off the draw which means I will not confuse it by changing things in the middle of the process Okay So now let's put in one of our rules. Let's go first with that rule number 70 rule number 70 Okay from our example before if I remember correctly So there's a little slider here that allows you to slide and oh it could goes all the way up to 255 from 0 To 255 representing all those possible rules that Wolfram talked about where 0 is 0 0 0 0 0 0 and 255 is 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Notice if you add up all the different possibilities if you add up 1 plus 2 plus 4 plus 8 plus 16 32 64 128 the number you get is 255 So let's go ahead and slide this slider Until it hits rule 70. We're going to leave on the horizontal wrap That's the whether or not our boundary condition is attached on the right and the left Okay And you'll notice when we put in rule 70 it says generic world mapping here's rule 70 And it gives us the numbers for rule 70 notice these are kind of in reverse order It's actually has the off off off down at the bottom and the on on on up at the top That's kind of the flipped over from how we wrote it before but it gives us our binary representation of rule 70 Now I'm going to do this. I'm going to go ahead and hit go and when I hit go what I should see is a repeated application of the rule And in this case these is a repeated application of the rules for rule 70 Okay, and notice We see some sort of patterns that exist in here Okay, you'll see these sort of long stripes that are sort of developed. You'll see some little Dots well look what happened. It looks like we're getting what we would call oscillations We go from on to off to on I mean, sorry, yeah on to off to on to off to on to off to on to off making this kind of little Checkerboard almost pattern Okay, you'll also see that there is some of what we will call transient behavior where we get into a pattern later on But early on in the pattern we actually see That there are some changes Okay, let's go ahead and put in what was the rule number that we just got for our Wave what was the rule number? We just got for wave if I remember that was rule 34 So to do rule 34 I'm gonna have to slide to hit rule 34. Oops And then I'm going to hit Reset I believe and when you hit reset what that will do is it will keep the same initial conditions But it'll apply rule 34 and now on a hit go Now how does this represent? the wave Well, if you think about it if you remember what we saw when we had Groups of people standing up and sitting down whenever there was a row of people That row disappeared in that first row, but then everything moved a little bit to one side Okay, in this case if the person's looking to one side looking to the right Well, here's a sliding. This is makes sense to me Well, what it's saying is that the little front of what you're doing is moving in one direction Okay, this might be a little counterintuitive because it looks like it might be sliding in the opposite direction to what we were thinking about Okay, but the idea here is that it in space Well in time we saw this little thing that would move up and then it would move around Well, that's what's happening here is that as we go further down Any place that of something that was standing up the person who was next to them is now standing up and that creates this sort of diagonal line So what kind of patterns might we see next? Can we find steady-state patterns? Well, what does steady-state pattern look like? Well, if we think about it if each line looks exactly the same as the line before it That would be what we would consider steady-state What would cyclical pattern or an oscillatory pattern be in other words What would happen if we went from one state to another state and back and forth again? Perhaps that's the term we should have used earlier a cyclical pattern growing patterns Symmetric patterns localized structure self-similarity moving local structure. What are all these patterns we're looking for? I have no idea So what's next? Explore, hopefully you have an understanding about how these patterns are getting generated But there are 256 rules and some of them have some very interesting Patterns that come out of them so poke around explore look a little bit and pretty soon You'll have an assignment that'll ask you to explore this with just a little more purpose


What's up everybody? Jason here for Jasper's casebreaks.com 2021 limited football sold out with this random number block for the Jaguars, Bears, Texans, Billy, Baltimore, and Indianapolis. And again a piece of all these teams ran on our block style. And of course we go by the first number on the left side of the serial number dash. So there's your examples there. I mean any one-on-ones go to spot one, any Redemptions go to spot zero. And all the non numbered cards, especially like the base cards and stuff will be randomized to the group at the end of the break. So we did sell six spots straight up, or seven, I think? Yeah, seven spots straight up. Jeff with two, Barry, Troy, Josh with two, Robert with one, last but Mocho. And then Josh, Matthew, and Jose won those in a pack filler. So congrats guys. And then zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seventy-nine. So let's do the randomizer here. Let's roll it. Three to one, four times. Good luck. One, two, three, four. Robert down to Troy. Four times. One, two, three, four. One down to zero. All right, Zarebio, it's about one. Any and all, one-on-ones. Josh with six, Jose with four, Jeff with eight, Josh with three, Barry with two, Josh with five, Matthew with nine, Jeff with seven, and Troy, any and all Redemptions for any one of these teams. So there you go. So hey guys, one more round of number block I need to do before we can break open this limited football, but after that guys, we'll break it open. Good luck everybody.


Hello and welcome back here to the channel. I'll be able to read it. We are looking at the e92 practice car this Basis engine tires grip physics everything is just like my m4 g82 But this model is complete the base model was from torque drift So we're ripping that here today at the North Schleifen ring and we're gonna be going full send in attack Here for today's episode. Make sure you saw me on all social media college found the scripture box below Let's get to it So the reason we do have this e92 practice cars because it's easier for me to give out this car With a complete model instead of giving out my m4 when I want to practice with people That's not complete and having to keep doing revision. So that's why this e92 is weight is but it does handle and grip It's just exactly like my m4 so I can't do Full practice sessions make sure we get our lights turned on we're gonna go full rip here. Oh boy Gotta get some traction Gotta kick it in So that is the reason why we have this e92 practice car. It's a little bit on the curb little dirt grab nothing major All kinds of cameras up for you today wheel cams pedal cams Third person as well as my driving camera is a very snowy It's no we nor slime in today Which is I guess good because we just got hit with snow past two days here And I've been digging ourselves out and cars out essentially. I guess you would say Shucking that way hard we go trying to manage This track and a very cold brisk setup because the temperatures I feel like I'm really low because this car has a Lot of sliding to it right now We're also not trying to kill the car Trying to get all the way through that was a tag in the dirt Of course some of these parts of this track we will not be able to drift but but I mean Oh, I don't think going 170 miles an hour in a car that set up for drifting is such a great idea Well, we're gonna die. I for sure thought we were gonna be dead. We managed to somewhat survive that a Very aggressive slide through the dirt trying to remember Been a minute.  Yeah, you can see how much slide there isn't this car We got it. I think these tires warmed up They're not already on the fourth. That's who the best we can hear. Oh This is definitely challenging. Okay game control game grip This car is not the easiest car I Feel like to be driving this track right now Over a thousand horsepower super gripped up. We're not doing too bad. I've done this. I think once before In another car and I was all over the road We're trying to The best we can today Don't our car me break there. We didn't need to Get all the GoPro footage on this car going on too.  I can't even really lay into power on this car If you notice it kind of just all of a sudden starts to break loose in the rear if I lay into it in fourth gear Smoking the tire in the face. Hello, let's kick there Probably could have done this in six, but we're gonna settle the car down a little bit Try and recompose some grip. Yeah, if you could see this is just Breaking tracks on clutch kick and fit this car's insane so much fun to drive Some of these tracks in a drift car Just see if we can do it. Oh, we touched dirt. I felt it. We got very light Because the car wanted to rotate a little bit on me Probably not the best track to be trying to drift everything, but it is definitely a fun challenge A little curb run. I heard it. Oh down the car back in before this Fourth gear on the outside of this one probably hanging one wheel off. Oh That's gonna look real good if we were floating one wheel. It said just having a little fun in the E92 practice car the E92 Eurofighter Like I said, this is a base model from torque drifts from Christos Belouche's E92 Eurofighter With the of course some modifications on my end pop it off red line there Some really nice sections in here that would make for some really nice cop cars cop courses I feel getting close to that second bank turn Got the same motor as my m4 Like I said, everything. Oh that got a little light over that hill Everything on this car wheel bases drift levels everything like that are very similar to my M4 so this is great practice for me. Like I said, it's just so I can give out a Completed car and party with it instead of constantly having to Update people who have my m4 because that car is getting fully updated recently And it's gonna be going through some more once the robot everything comes out Seeing that means we are getting really close to the end Whoa, don't die now. We did pretty good without totally crashing so far Gress love onto the back stretch or the main stretch See we can't stop sing out in our gear ratio right now 181 is our top out so that's gonna do it here for this episode here on a set of course If you guys like this if you guys want to see more let me know down in the comment section down below and And I would appreciate it if you tap that subscribe button if you're not already a subscriber Go into fits here Once we get into the park on it. We should be able to do some doughnuts To finish this off that curve was really high But like that curve was way more aggressive than it should have been Don't think that'll do it here for this episode here outside of course I guess you guys want to see more let me know down in the comment section I'll blow and as always I thank you guys for coming back and watching. I'm evil rabbit See you guys on the track


Good afternoon everyone. Thank you for joining us today History judges us by what we accomplish what we get done for people for Canada This morning we had a moment of silence in cabinet for Alan J. McKeckin one of the very finest ministers ever to serve this country I'm not going to list his many many accomplishments But I do want to reflect on one Universal public Medicare is maybe our proudest achievement as a country It was the dream of many of us for many years. It was the work of many more But in 1966 when Prime Minister Pearson needed someone to actually make it happen To design the legislation to make it happen and to get it through a minority Parliament He turned to Alan J. For that and for so many other things Canada is a better country Because he was in it and he served it May he rest in peace Here in this place that Julie loves so much to continue the work that we started together and thank Julie for her work for the last 11 years of service Near the land of Labrador but also near all Canadians A few days ago, all our caucus gathered together And the discussions we had held yesterday and today followed the conversations we had there Our discussions were on three particular subjects First, we talked about the state of the Canadian economy GDP growth is strong. We've seen the strongest growth in 15 years The best in the G7 Job creation is strong too We just recorded the longest job creating streak since before the financial crisis nine years ago All positive signs But as I reminded my cabinet colleagues We didn't go door-to-door during the campaign promising to deliver more positive macroeconomic indicators Instead, we listened to what Canadians had to say They told us that the country they wanted to build for them, for their children and their children Is a country where every Canadian has a real and equal chance of success That's why we're working to build an economy that benefits everyone And why we will continue to go in this direction Second, we talked about the importance of the relationship between Canada and the United States And everyone has been engaged in the latest developments concerning the renegotiation of the ALENA Which is currently taking place We have with the renegotiation of NAFTA What Minister Freeland has described as an opportunity to make what is already a good agreement even better We're pushing hard for an agreement that is more progressive Because a better trade deal is one that improves worker safety and security Protects the environment, addresses climate change, respects gender equality And the rights of indigenous peoples We're pushing for those things because we know that progressive trade and job growth go hand in hand Thirdly, we devoted a good part of the last few days to discuss our program for autumn And to prepare for the work that awaits us A year ago, I said to the cabinet that we had more work ahead of us than behind us And that's always the case But that doesn't mean anything to us It simply means that when we listen to Canadians, when we pay attention to things that are the most important for them The list of things to do becomes very ambitious And therefore it is important that with the members of the cabinet, we can establish our priorities together And finally, the incredible province of Terneuve and Labrador was well understood Always in the background of our discussions It was here 16 years ago, as we celebrated the other night with Come From Away That when the world was in shock, uncertain of what to do next The people of Newfoundland and Labrador opened their doors to take in thousands of displaced travelers from across the globe It spoke of a kindness and a quiet decency Although if you've ever been to a Newfoundland kitchen party, you know that quiet is not always the case It spoke of a generosity that exists here that every single Canadian can and should be proud of Being here was a good reminder for all of us To hope for the best and plan for the worst To help if we can and get out of the way if we can't And to never lose sight of the things that matter most


Hi everyone, today I'm going to be talking about net coupler, which is an algorithm in our package for inferring causal pathways between high dimensional metabolomics data and external factors. Our motivation for designing and creating net coupler was to be able to make use of moderately high dimensional and complex network data, and to be able to answer questions about causal pathways that involve that network. As illustrated by this figure or diagram. We want to know how an exposure like exercise might influence the network, how the network might influence an outcome like diabetes, or how an exposure might influence an outcome through metabolic network. There are several main features of net coupler in that it can find that likely network structure underlying metabolic data, you can include exposure and outcome data, and it finds that those potential causal links that connect the exposure outcome and the network. It's also quite flexible in the type of models that you can use within it so you can use linear regression models or Cox proportional hazard models. The models are used, you can also adjust for potential confounding factors that might bias your results. And that coupler is designed as to work with network graphs so it's the results are designed to be also visualized like that so for instance through tidy graph or G graph packages. There are four basic phases of the network algorithm. The first phase is to derive the underlying metabolic network structure. And the second phase is then to use that, that metabolic network structure and iteratively select the metabolic variables within called nodes, and sets each node as an index node and select the neighboring nodes of that index node. And the third phase that would be three neighbors for this index node. The third phase is to then calculate all possible combinations of index node with the neighboring nodes. So, and then set the and then use them within in the model. In this case there are three neighbor, three neighboring nodes, that would be eight different combinations. The fourth phase is then taking those models and linking them with the exposure. E, or the outcome, oh, and then based on some specific threshold, classifying the link between exposure or outcome and the index node as either direct effect ambiguous or no effect. So the physical model output can allow for visually inferring about potential causal pathways. So for instance, a net coupler might identify to direct effects here that that are the thicker lines of the arrows, or to end to ambiguous effects which are the thinner lines from the exposure or towards the outcome. And then you can visually trace the paths that go from the exposure to the outcome through the network graph, and you can identify specific metabolic variables here marked as red as potentially being on the causal pathway between the exposure and the outcome. We're currently actively working on this on this package so there are some sets of limitations and areas to improve. They're quite tricky to visualize when you start to have too many variables so that's something that we're working on improving. Because the data has been pre-processed beforehand, the model output estimates are difficult to interpret. We also don't believe that this algorithm is best suited for purely explorative purposes. There should be some theoretical basis to the research question. The modeling also relies that the classification threshold also relies heavily on the P values so we're working on using different types of thresholds. And we've only tested this on cross sectional and time to event data so we don't know how it works in other settings. It's low so we haven't tested on networks with larger than 25 variables and it's probably not suitable for very high dimensional data. Anyway, if you're interested in learning more, the package link is in the footer. Thanks for listening.


Ladies and gentlemen, this is Matt Rogers. Now, I don't normally do reviews on theatre releases, but since I'm a huge shark movie fanatic I thought I'd make an exception. Now, I'm gonna keep spoilers to a minimum, so unless you want to go home with a fresh slate, then I'm not gonna ruin anything major. Now, I admit I am a bit biased because I'm obsessed with oversized monster movies, but this movie was so good. Loosely based on the novel of the same name by author Steve Alton, the Meg has been in what you'd call Development Hell since way back in 1996. Disney bought the rights to the novel, but they couldn't come up with a good enough script for them to get a green light. In 2005, New Line Cinema bought the rights, but they struggled to find the budget to make it worthwhile. But finally, Warner Bros bought the rights in 2015 and had Eli Roth on board to direct. However, due to creative differences, he was replaced by John Turd, Turtle Dorb or however you say it, and here we are in 2018 with a completed product. So we meet Jason Statham's character Jonas, who is the typical cliche of the reluctant hero who has a bad experience and then is called to action because he's the only one equipped for the job. I just wish for once there was an action movie where the hero was actually up for the challenge, but I guess everyone loves an unlikely hero. There was a great lineup for the cast alongside Statham. We had Rainn Wilson, commonly known as Dwight from the office, who was a totally unlikable character, but he played the role really well. We also have Australian actress Ruby Rose, who attempted an American accent, but failed miserably. It's like halfway through every line of dialogue she remembers she's supposed to be American and then changes back to Australian, but that didn't get in the way of some good chemistry between the stars. I don't quite understand the point of the character DJ though, he just seemed to be there and wasn't much of a comic relief and added nothing of substance to the story. I sound like I'm nitpicking, but I honestly loved so much about this movie. Since it was a high budget blockbuster, the CGI was incredible when there were some truly memorable shots of this prehistoric creature. You don't see the Meg into about halfway through the film, which is common for monster movies to sort of build the tension, which works really well here and leaves you in awe of this killing machine when you see it in its entirety. The story was gripping and a few twists along the way kept it unpredictable and kept your second guessing. Plus it managed to pull off some genuinely emotional scenes, which for a movie of this genre is pretty hard to do. Plus Pippin the Dog is all the reason you need to go see this movie. People have said that it's neither good or bad enough to be a genuinely entertaining movie and I get that, but I think it successfully walked the line of seriousness as well as breaking the tension every now and then without getting too silly, which shark movies often are. A lot of movies like this rely on a lot of gore to be entertaining and I'm not against that at all, but the Meg manages to do well without it. However, I ain't gonna lie, I would have enjoyed a bit more Blood and Guts. That said, I think if you're going to see the Meg, you 100% know what you're gonna get. It's definitely not gonna surprise you and you do have to be up for a classic Jason Statham character saving the day, but I had a lot of fun with this and I definitely recommend checking it out. But let me know what you thought of the Meg, I'll be chatting with you guys in the comments. But thanks so much for hanging out, if you had a good time then spank that like button and if you're subscribed during this video then walk on my board. This is Matt Rogers and that is all.


The Cube at EMC World 2014 is brought to you by EMC. Redefine VCE, innovating the world's first converged infrastructure solution for private cloud computing. Brocade, say goodbye to the status quo and hello to Brocade. Okay we're back, this is Dave Vellante with Jeff Frick and this is the Cube, we're here to wrap up. John Furrier's not here, he had to head back to Palo Alto but Jeff we're going to cover it for him. This has been an amazing week, three days, wall-to-wall coverage, two cubes, 75 interviews, plus? Yeah it was 55 when I looked at the playlist this morning before we came down for day three so a lot of interviews. It's been fantastic and so here's the thing, we've been covering EMC World now since 2010 with the Cube, our first Cube ever. And we have seen the transformation of EMC, it's tracking with the industry and of course EMC's growing somewhat fast in the industry but the whole transformation from back in 2010, the journey to the private cloud starts now. So there was an intense focus on getting the private cloud up and running on-premise, we talked a little bit about hybrid but it was really all about the private cloud, the on-premise cloud and how that's evolved and then we saw cloud meets big data, we talked about IT transformation, transforming your IT, transforming your business, transforming yourself was one year and now it's redefined. Kind of interesting, John Furrier and I were talking to Jeremy Burton about redefined, sounds like reinvent, which is of course Amazon's theme and Jeremy said, hey don't fight fashion. People understand, the trend is your friend, why re-educate them? So that's interesting and it's not just some throwaway term, redefine is kind of easier and more gentle to IT people than reinvent, I don't want to reinvent myself. No rip and replace, you're going to want to do that. Right, exactly, so there's that subtle message there. The other thing that you're seeing is a year into the federation, EMC last year at its analyst meeting in March announced the concept of a federation, spun out pivotal, took certain assets out of EMC and VMware, I called it the misfit toys and put it into pivotal. They're still shuffling, last quarter they took some assets and put them back into EMC and so that's the value, one of the benefits of the federation, you can move stuff around pretty seamlessly without a lot of hassles. The other thing the federation does is it allows EMC really to sell up into the organization. EMC even five years ago really was not selling to the CIO, they were selling to either the storage admin in the case of EMC or the virtualization admin in the case of VMware and the vision of Paul Moritz and Joe Tucci and Pat Gelsinger and we had Howard Eliasson and others have really taken EMC to a new level as they're becoming a strategic partner. Jeremy Burton was also a big part of this with his messaging and marketing campaigns. You see EMC, one of the things Jeremy Burton said to us years ago is we're a $20 billion company, this was several years ago, we're going to start acting like one and they do. You saw Pure Storage taking potshots at them this week, EMC's attitude is bringing on we love that because it's just interesting to watch. HP was here with 72 hours of yes and so everybody wants a piece of EMC. Yeah, David, you've been coming here for a long time. This was my first EMC world, great energy and the thing that I enjoyed most about the time here the last couple of three days was all the number of customer interviews that we had. Like I was joking earlier when we were doing the schedule we did it in alphabetical order and we went everywhere from the Vatican to the Shavuigan in one slot. We've had a lot of old world industrial companies, we've had new companies, we had cars.com, you know who was birthed during the internet boom so we had a lot of great customers. But again, David, a couple of questions I have for you because you've seen this movie unfold. One is can you drill down a little bit about this concept of a federation? I think it's kind of interesting. I don't know that I've ever heard any other kind of assemblage of companies come together in that way and then there also seems to be the RSA seems to be kind of hanging off the edge of the federation. Where do they fit? Sometimes you see them on a slide, sometimes not. Yeah, it's interesting. They're like a 1A in the federation. So to me it goes back to when Joe Tucci came in, you know he was a very acquisitive CEO. He bought a number of assets. Documentum was one, he bought Legato. Which at the time, you know I would say didn't really work pan out for those guys. Documentum is sort of they've reinvented that into the IIG business. And Legato eventually came around and EMC's goal was to, Legato's backup software. EMC's goal was to be number one and backup software to number two now. So that's taken a long time. Something that didn't take a long time to pan out was VMware. EMC bought VMware for about $630 million back in the early 2000, 2004 timeframe I want to say. It's kind of a lot of dough, $630 million. It's kind of strange, a storage company buying a virtualization company. And initially EMC housed VMware inside of EMC. And it was okay, but it wasn't really working that well. You had a CEO, Diane Greene, who really wanted more freedom. You had a very rapidly growing business, a very disruptive technology. And so it didn't make a lot of sense to have that company, VMware, and all that value locked up inside of EMC. At the same time, EMC has been very forceful, Tucci in particular, that we don't want to give up that ownership. Yeah. So they allowed some people to buy in, through Cisco, gave them an opportunity. John Chambers, I'm sure, kicking himself for not buying VMware. And that model, what they did is they maintained ownership of 80% of VMware. And they maintain that today and they maintain that by buying VMware stock. And they spun it out as a separate stock, which has done quite well. It's got about a $40 billion valuation. If you take 80% of that valuation and divide it by EMC's valuation, it's about 50 billion, about 60 plus percent of EMC's valuation is a direct result of the VMware valuation. So people are essentially undervaluing the core of EMC. Tucci doesn't care. He's saying this is the way to drive shareholder value. Now, Diane Green left, they replaced Diane Green with Paul Moritz, very visionary, did some wonderful things at VMware, really set the tone. Also interestingly, in this timeframe, EMC lost one of its key executives, Dave Donatelli, went to HP. EMC is known for doing this in the past. When Moshe and I, who was the father of Symetrix, left the company, created a vacuum and EMC filled that vacuum and Clarion at the time, which is now part of VNX, blossomed. You've seen this historically, this company. What did EMC do when David Donatelli left? They brought in Pat Gelsinger. Now Pat Gelsinger is running VMware. So you're seeing EMC consistently be able to attract talent. When Pat went to run VMware, everybody was saying, well, what's Moritz doing? Is he ill? Is he going to retire? Well, it turns out, he said he was running strategy. Okay, that's cool. And then all of a sudden, last March, they announced we've got this Federation model. And it was a way for EMC to say, okay, we've got all these assets that are sort of big data related. Let's put them in here in Pivotal and let's create a big data platform. Let's appeal to application developers. Let's start doing some stuff in open source because we don't really have an open source mojo. So you see, look at the growth rates. Pivotal, a couple hundred million dollars growing at 40% per year. And VMware growing at 15 to 20% a year. Five billion dollar company and then you got EMC, a huge company. 20 billion plus growing, not that fast. You know, one to 2% throwing off a lot of cash, 5.8 billion dollars in cash. So what EMC is able to do with that cash is they pay back dividends. They've just increased their dividend 15%. They buy back their stock, they buy VMware stock and they finance acquisitions like AirWatch, VMware's end user computing play. So the Federation to me is one, an awesome way to cross the chasm. We had Jeffrey Moran last week talking about crossing the chasm. Why can't big companies do this? They just seem to have a tough time, couldn't put a finger on it. I just don't think they innovate from a business model standpoint and that's what EMC is trying to do. Now the challenge is the classic EMC is huge compared to the others. So the others have to grow so much faster to offset the declines or the flatness and eventual declines in EMC's core business. But this is the other use of cash is EMC buys companies and they invest in R&D. So they are hitting a groove swing on all cylinders right now at the direction of Joe Tucci and he's been able to attract some really top notch executives. So that's sort of my take on the Federation. So the other thing I find, you know, fortuitous for the EMC, for the Federation, right, is to leverage the expertise and the knowledge and really the core virtualization expertise that comes out of VMware and be able to ride that virtualization wave throughout the balance of the computing stack into storage and more and more into networking and then have an external source like AWS really pushing them and helping push them in that direction. So it seems like it's kind of the best of both worlds. They've got an internal asset that they can leverage across now multiple platforms and multiple stacks within the data center as well as having a nice external push from a fast growing Amazon who's really the core cloud driver. And so they get to leverage the trend as your friend in terms of cloud virtualization on both sides with internal development across an ever expanding piece of the stack as well as having that external push from Amazon. Yeah, and the other thing, so let's talk about some of the stuff that went down this week. We found Viper 2.0 last year, the big story was when are you going to allow us to run software on commodity infrastructure? EMC's checking that box, adding in some other capabilities. So it's growing beyond the initial HDFS and object, your file, your block, they got all kinds of new stack functions that they're building out with Viper 2.0. The other piece is Nile, they announced Nile last July. They've rebranded it, the elastic cloud storage appliance. Nile, River, bigger than Amazon. So that's sort of a tongue in cheek, classic Jeremy Burton. But that's essentially cloud in the box. We'll see, we'll see if it really is cloud in the box. I mean, I don't know. I mean, I think there's certain attributes of it, but I think Amazon is the reference model. We heard KK talking about within internal EMC IT. They looked at Amazon and said, okay, why can't we build something like that? So we'll see if the ECS appliance actually can live up to that very high watermark that Amazon has set. The other big blockbuster announcement that was made is the acquisition of DSSD, a rockstar team of developers and engineers, Andy Bechtelstein and others from the three-part team. These guys, somebody, I think it was, might have been Jeremy Burton called Andy Bechtelstein, the Rembrandt of hardware design. And obviously, huge mojo in the marketplace, a lot of credibility. I think it's unclear where this fits. I mean, I think it's clear that it fits in the very high performance, high low-latency marketplace, bringing flash closer to the CPU. This is something we've talked about a lot. Essentially, spinning disks are the bottleneck in computer science. Spinning disks in the protocol, the disk protocols, the SCSI stack, if you will, a lot of overhead there. The concept of eliminating that and allowing ISVs to write to an object-based methodology, an object so simple, block and even file, sometimes complicated, block especially, but object as a get, put, put get, put it there, grab it. Now, it's unclear what EMC is actually gonna do with DSSD, but I'm sure they have specific plans. They were an initial investor in DSSD, as was SAP. They bought out SAP, and so they know this technology, they've been tracking it for a long time, and I'm sure they have big plans there. So that was sort of the DSSD. And then, of course, a lot on Extreme I.O., a lot of benchmarking, classic EMC, when they announced VF Cash a while ago, they were trying to take out Fusion I.O., and they put up benchmarks. They didn't say who it was, but we know it was Pure. Pure is coming after EMC and growing like crazy. So obviously, they're gaining share. Pure is growing at 50 to, so maybe not 100%, but close to 50 to 75%. I don't know what the top end is. It's more than 50% sequentially. So, since it's doubling every two quarters or less. So that's phenomenal growth. Where is that growth coming from? It's coming from the VNX and VMAX install bases. So it's gonna be really, so that's why EMC is so forceful about going after Pure with the benchmarks. EMC has great benchmarking capabilities, a lot of labs, they'll bring customers in, they'll hypnotize them, and they're very good at this. And so they announced a million dollar guarantee that the services are in line, D-Doup services. The fact is, Extreme I.O. right now is services light. It's a later to market than the Fusions, the Pures, et cetera, so they're gonna take some time to build up that stack. We'll see what that impact of all those features is on performance. Of course, benchmarking, you got to be really careful. There's always ways to make a system look bad, but it comes down to really good marketing. EMC was essentially depositioning Pure as sometimes as slow as a floppy disk, which is quite hilarious. I think if you talk to the customers there, they're seeing that it's run slightly better than a floppy disk. Pure customers are pretty happy. The intelligence that I have says that pure customers that buy a system, a very large portion, not quite 50%, but 30 to 40% actually buy another system within a few months, within a quarter even. So that says to me you got a player that's bold, making some moves, but then line that up against EMC. It's a $25 billion company with Pivotal, with VMware, with huge services division, massive partnerships. It's gonna be interesting to see, but I've seen a lot of startups over the years try to take on EMC. They end up getting bought, or EMC buys them. Really depends on how hard they heard it, but that was a big theme here at this event. I don't know what your take was on it. Well, the other theme that we are getting a lot, the other cube is really the increased virtualization of some of the bigger and more important applications, and specifically SAP SAP HANA and Oracle, and as the virtualization is moving into those applications and the impact from the business, and not just more the periphery, but really getting onto the shop floor and getting into the core pieces. So I think that was an exciting development that just, again, trend is your friend is continual march towards cloud and virtualization of all this computing, horsepower, storage, and the applications. But Dave, I want to ask you, you've been coming to this thing for a long time, launched theCUBE here in 2010, a lot of excitement here in 2014. What do you think is going to be next year? What's the next big mountain? Yeah, I think that, well, I just wanted to add, there's a lot of core stuff going on too. The VMAX, the VNX, the data protection services, the global services business, VCE, which by the way is hitting on all cylinders again, 50% growth, $1.8 billion pipeline. So a lot of good stuff going on in the core, it doesn't get as much attention, it's not the new stuff. Again, sharing me Burton said it best. If you're not relevant to your customers in the future, if you don't show that you're relevant to their future, you got no business hanging around today. So EMC's trying to be relevant for the future, that's why they talk about future so much. People will criticize them and say, well, you know, all they talk about is futures. The key is do they deliver on those? So you saw that with Viper. Now, here's the big thing. One of the things that I'm tracking is EMC has not had in the last decade a great track record of organic investments paying off in a big way. You know, you might get some quibbling on that, but as far as home runs go, most of them have been acquired, whether it's VMware, data domain, Isilon, it's the acquisitions that are really innovating. The internal R&D has mostly gone toward incremental improvements in existing platforms to essentially keep customers locked in. I mean, they don't use that term locked in, but that's what it does. If you keep progressing your services, you make it less attractive for them to leave than to stay. And that's the form of lock in. That's what I mean. Well, the other thing though, Clayton Christensen would say, that's what your customers that are paying the bills want you to do. They're spending money, they're giving you revenue, they're asking for incremental changes on the stuff that they're already buying.  Incremental improvements. Right, which is why it comes from, typically, the startups who are not encumbered, not so much necessarily by a technology that they've got to support, but even by a revenue stream that they have to support. And so what I'm tracking, yes, what do you expect next year? I want to see Viper uptake. I want to see where we are at with ExtremeIO. I mean, EMC claims, and I believe them, that they're number one in all flash arrays. I guarantee they're pushing that stuff hard. They're jamming it down their customers' throats. But if what they say is true, that architecture matters, and they got the best architecture, then they should do very well in this market. And our David Floyer has always said that he feels like ExtremeIO is going to kick butt. And they're already out of the chute as the leader, as measured in shipments. Now, EMC is masterful at managing these product transitions. So I want to see Viper uptake. I've talked to a number of customers that have Viper. You know, they like the concept. I've said a number of times this week, is Viper a way to consolidate the EMC stovepipes, or is it the future of storage? The answer I got from EMC consistently was it's both. So they're at least admitting that that's sort of one of the strategies. So I'm looking for Viper uptake. I'm looking for ExtremeIO. And the third thing is I'm looking for more progress on the Federation, especially traction with Pivotal. And I want to see VMware execute on its March to that $50 billion TAM. And I'm also tracking the decline of some of the large businesses, like VMEX. How much of that is reversible? And obviously continue to track, you know, other businesses, core businesses, whether it's VNX or VCE. So that's a wrap here, Jeff. It's been a pleasure having you. Yeah, we had a great team. They're giving us the hook. They're setting up for the Imagine Dragons, I guess, are coming in shortly, but we had two cubes. I think we had seven hosts. We had a crew of five. So good shout out to the crew, to Mark, and Mick, and Matt, and Greg, and Andrew working two simultaneous cubes. Michelle, our greeter was helping us with all the traffic. So it was a busy day, a new day, first time ever, for two cubes simultaneously at the same venue. Dave, you and John just were going bananas. And a lot of folks at the back end, you don't see in Silicon Angle, Wikibon, Art Lindsey, Kristen Nicole, all our writers that you do see on Silicon Angle. Bert Latimore running the crowd chat. The crowd chat here has been phenomenal. Crowdchat.net slash EMCworld, if you want to check it out. 21,000 plus views, almost three million timeline impressions, 549 posts, that's engagement. We'd love to see it. Thank you so much for coming in. Tim Crawford and others. All right, that's a wrap. This has been the live production, the cube, Silicon Angle's the cube, EMCworld 2014. We will be at OpenStack next week, so look for that. Thanks for watching, everybody, and we'll see you next time.


Hello, hello, everyone. My name is Laura. This is my channel Laura's Little Library and welcome to today's video which are books that you could read on Halloween. So Halloween is only another week away and I feel that so many of us have been reading so many good spooky books to help get us into the mood. But what about on Halloween day? Are there any books to read on the day? Well, I have some recommendations for you if you want to spend some time or a lot of time reading a spooky book on Halloween. So the first category that I'm gonna start with are shorter books or lighter books.  Or if you also have plans on Halloween and you don't actually have a lot of time to sit and read a full-length novel. I have three books I've suggest for you for this. The first one is a classic and that and it's a little, it's a lot less spooky. It's more of a fall atmosphere, but it is centered around pumpkins and that is pumpkin heads by Faith, Erin Hicks and Rainbow Row. This is such a cute little graphic novel story to get you in the fall mood. This follows are two main characters who are best friends, but it is their last year working at the pumpkin patch together. And so one of the friends is running around trying to find a girl that he might like and basically they're just coming to terms with no longer being friends or at least working with each other every fall season. The next book that I have to recommend, I have not yet read it, but I will be reading it quite soon. It looks adorable and that is Garlic and the Vampire. This is by Bre Paulson. I mean, it's a little garlic here and there's something about a vampire locally, and so garlic has to go and deal with the vampire. I think it's going to be, again, another adorable, maybe slightly spookier than the last one, but still much more on the calmer, adorable side of Halloween rather than gory and blood. My final graphic novel recommendation for you would be Fangs, and this is by Sarah Anderson. This was so perfect when I read it, and it's one that I read every year. It is the romance between a vampire and a werewolf, and it's just adorable and hilarious. And you want to cry tears of joy and happiness just with their romance, but them being two creatures of Halloween being so spooky. This, if you have not read it, I highly encourage you to read it. Now, if you have a little more time on Halloween to read a full book, but you're still not super into the dark and spooky aesthetic, then I think you should pick up The Dead Romantics by Ashley Poston. This is much more for the contemporary romance readers who also kind of want to get into spooky season a little bit. This is definitely much more of a romcom than what I was expecting, but our main character can see ghosts. So there is that spooky element. She is also the daughter of a mortician, and they have their own, her family owns a funeral home. So it is, it's not dark, but it's got that spooky element. So if you're looking for a good Halloween romcom, this is where you should go, because our main character is a writer. She's a ghost writer. This book is full of puns, by the way. And she ends up falling in love for her editor who then dies and becomes a ghost. She is dealing with her own trauma of past relationships, and then her father also has passed away. So she has gone back to her hometown and she is grieving her father, figuring out what to do for the last book that she's ghost writing with her dead editor. It's a lot going on, but it's all very spooky and fun. So if that's what you need, this is the book for you. Now if you also still want to read something romance, maybe something a little more gothic, I would suggest reading Anatomy by Dana Schwartz. This book was perfectly gothic, dark, spooky, but it's still a romance. Our main female character lives in Edinburgh and she wants to study dead bodies and, you know, go into the field of medicine in that way. But because it's in like the 1800s, she is not allowed. And she ends up allowing or striking a deal with a professor that if she can pass the exam, she can get into his class. But in order to pass the exam, she needs to gain knowledge. And so what does she do? She teams up with an illegal grave digger to dig up graves. And along the way, she makes some very interesting career decisions and finds very dark secrets. So if you are looking for gothic romance, this is the way to go. Now the last three books I have to recommend are a little bit darker and they're all different, but they're all books that I read in a day. So I believe that if you have the time, you can read these books on Halloween day. First off, this video would not be complete without a dark academia recommendation, as there are so many good dark academia books. And if you're looking for one to read, I would recommend picking up a lesson inventions by Victoria Lee. This has an unreliable main character with, again, all the writer vibes. She has gone to the school and she was placed in this specialty house with all writing students, the kind of the more prestigious students of the school. And she decides after a huge traumatic incident to go back into that writing community and try and finish high school. At the same time, there is a new student who actually won a prize, a huge prize, with her first ever novel. And this student has transferred to this school. And she is trying to dig up what happened the previous year that caused for some dark secrets to arise. Next is a first book in a series. And I think I have not yet finished the series. I have one more book to go and then I finish it. But I would highly suggest the series leading up to and on Halloween, as I found all the books very easy to read and very bingeable. And that is Stocking Jack the Ripper by Carrie Menis-Galco. This is such a good series. Again, you have a female main character who wants to become a mortician. And she is studying under her uncle. And so we are following various famous Halloweeny figures. So in this one, it's Jack the Ripper. In the second one, it's Dracula. And the third one, Houdini. And the fourth one, the devil. This book has a little bit of mixed media.  So it really just ties you into the story all the more. I loved reading this a couple of years ago on Halloween. And if you have not picked up this series, I highly recommend it. Especially if you love Carrie Menis-Galco's new series, Kingdom of the Wicked, you will also still love her old series. The last and final book I have to recommend to you is the scariest book of them all. This book freaked me out. No joke. I was nervous. I had all the lights on. I didn't want to look up from the book because I didn't want to look around and see other creepy things in my apartment. But I just needed to keep reading to get to the end of it. And that book is House of Hollow by Crystal Sutherland. This book is so incredibly spooky. If you need a thriller horror, this is the book to go to if you have not already read it. We follow these three sisters who years years ago mysteriously disappeared. And when they did finally come back, they had no memories of what happened. And they turned pale white platinum blonde hair very ghostly. That was in previous years. Now they are older and they are living their own lives. And the oldest sister goes missing. And the younger sisters are very afraid of what this means for them. Are they next? Is it innocent? Is it a recalling from what happened when they were younger? So they have to go and try and find her sister before they also get found. So spooky. So those are all the books I have to recommend to you to read on Halloween this coming year. Thank you all so much for watching this video. If you liked it, let me know by giving it a thumbs up. Comment down below if you already know what you're going to read on Halloween or leading up to Halloween. I would love to know what you all are reading. I have bookish social media linked down below that you can see what I am reading and some of my reading plans as they unfold. Classic mid reader. And I post videos on Sundays and Wednesdays so feel free to subscribe to get more content from me. But until I see you all in the next video, I wish you happy spooky reading.