Income tax 2023-2024. Other income part number one tax software example. Get ready and some coffee because contrary to popular belief you need a strong imagination to do income tax preparation 2023-2024. First a word from our sponsor. Yeah actually we're sponsoring ourselves on this one because apparently the merchandisers they don't want to be seen with us but but that's okay whatever because our merchandise is is better than their stupid stuff anyways like our trust me I'm an accountant product line yeah it's paramount that you let people know that you're an accountant because apparently we're among the only ones equipped with the number crunching skills to answer society's current deep complex and nuanced questions. If you would like a commercial free experience consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. Here we are in our form 1040 example using LISERT tax software. You don't need tax software to follow along but if you have access to tax software it's a great tool to run scenarios with. You can also get access to the forms schedules instructions at the IRS website irs.gov irs.gov starting at our normal starting point with our taxpayer Adam tax man just trying to avoid a dang tax man living in 90210 Beverly Hills single filer no dependence to start out with 100,002 income. We have the standard deduction 13,850 to get to taxable income 86,150 mirroring that in our income tax formula 100,000 13,850 and the 86,150 tax calculated to start off with 14266 as we can see in our software page number two 14266. All right let's go back to page number one we're still in the income area we're looking at the other income so we're scrolling down to the line eight additional income from schedule one I'll put a little check mark so I can find that faster next time we're going to go then to schedule one we have the additional income and adjustments part one additional income we're focused on line number eight now line number eight has various items that are included usually less common items that we're going that we would see so we'll go through a few of these just to get an idea of the data input related to them so we got the net operating laws gambling cancellation of debt for an earned income coming from form 2555 income from form 8853 and so on and so forth now the first one net operating loss now the general idea with a loss would be you're usually thinking about business income and we're thinking about a loss situation and possibly we might be thinking about a schedule C type of business in a prior year we can imagine that instead of having income we had a loss for example that means that on our income statement of the schedule C we had income minus expenses and you can imagine having a loss situation if you lose money then the IRS isn't going to want to pay you for the loss right they want to collect income they don't want to be paying off for people doing bad business they only want to collect money as the silent partner when the business makes money but you can imagine well if I have a loss here these are in essence deductions business deductions and if if I had to put an investment this year to generate revenue in future years it seems like I should be able to get these deductions when they start to pay off making money so that's why it seems reasonable to take the loss used to be like going backwards or at least going forwards so I can mass match out the investment I had to put in place in order to generate the revenue that's kind of the rationale of the of the idea of a loss situation now in practice note the loss can get kind of confusing because you've got these rollover effects and things that can and can't be included and the net operating losses and the changes and the laws can change from year to year and so on so I would recommend that if you if you have the same software that's used last year and this year rolling over the software to the current period will help you with things like an NOL net operating loss because it'll have hopefully help you to calculate and bring over the proper numbers if you're taking on a new client or using a different software then instead of just doing the data input in the current year of the software you might want to first go back to the prior year of the same software do the data input mirroring the tax return for the prior year so that you can then roll forward from the prior year to the current year the software helping you to get the to get that rollover process correct so that's what I would recommend in more complex returns those that have like a schedule C for example or a schedule a for example that's the practice I would generally recommend but let's just go over here and see what that would look like so I'm going to go on over and see if we can just do the jump to right click and jump to NOL loss and I'm just gonna say okay NOL loss year let's say 2022 we had a loss let's say of 10,000 and so amt could have an amt consequences I'm not going to deal with that right now I'm going to carry carry over available in 2023 I'm gonna say 10,000 amt carry over available I'm just gonna say 10,000 just to pull it in so we can see it populate in the current period now note again we might only be able to deduct like 80% of the loss and whatnot and so on and so forth I'm not gonna get into that in detail just to give a general idea of where it's gonna pull over now I'm scrolling back over we're in the schedule one we now have the loss that is pulling in so note that the loss is gonna be in the income areas but you can see it is in brackets brackets here so it's still kind of in the income area because the IRS I suppose didn't want to put it in the deduction area couldn't put it into itemized deductions you would think they might have put it on page two as like an above-the-line deduction but they basically put it as a negative income amount here so that means that it's gonna pull into page one I'm sorry page one of the form 1040 so now we've got the 100,000 and then mine is the loss that was pulled over not from the current year but from the prior year brings us down to 90,000 and then the the standard deduction of 13,850 gets us to the 76,150 so again that's just to show how it's going to populate on the return I would recommend possibly doing that rollover technique and try to make sure that when you have these things that are impacting multiple tax periods that you're double checking those numbers all right let's go back to the schedule one and then I'm gonna scroll down and this time we're gonna look at the gambling so gambling income if you're at like a casino or something like that you're supposed to report of course your winnings because the IRS thinks that everything that you receive is income unless there's an exception to it if your income is above a certain threshold the casino for example or wherever your winnings were from might be required to issue a document such as a w2g which will also of course go to the irs and so you're gonna have to make sure that you pick that up so let's remove then this loss here so I'm gonna say let's delete that and then we're gonna go into gambling winnings so I'm gonna go back on over and say okay let's see if we can just jump there right click and jump jump 21 jump street okay why is that in my 21 jumps rate seriously w2g and we're gonna say that this is gonna be let's say we've got the good old 10,000 let's just put the 10,000 here if we had withholdings on those we could put that here if you have winnings that will have an impact on your taxes of course and you might choose to have withholdings on it or adjust your your estimated payments if you had significant damp gambling winnings because they could put you into a higher tax bracket or something let's just put a thousand in here and then I can go back on over and we're gonna say okay so now we had the gambling winnings that's on line eight b if we pull back on over to schedule to the 1040 so now we have the 100,000 the 10,000 pulling in this time not from an nol but a positive 10,000 bringing the income up to 110,000 we have the same 13,850 for the standard deduction the taxable income now at 96 150 page two calculated in the tax at 16482 which it was at 14 right so 16482 you could see there's a difference in the tax from what we had before of 2000 to 16 and the income was $10,000 the change so we can say if we divide that out we had a tax rate that they hit us with of 22 to 2 percent about so if I go back on over here and I look at my worksheet then you can see that that it basically hit us we were in between the 22 percent and the 24 percent so it hit us with the highest tax rate and that gambling winning actually pushed us up so some of it was taxed at a higher tax bracket note that that could be the case with gambling winnings because if you actually win a significant amount then you're going to get it in a lump sum possibly which could bring which could increase your tax rates in a progressive tax system and then here's the withholding that we had here so the thing to be careful about with gambling winnings is if your if your tax professional then you're going to get questions like should I did should I collect my losses now you might have losses with them but if they're deductible they're typically deductible over here on a schedule a and the other you know the other deductions and that notice that that these schedule a deductions as we'll see later are going to have to be greater than the standard deduction on page one of the form 1040 they have to be greater than the standard deduction to take them at all the standard deduction was increased a few years ago and their their the itemized deductions could be limited to some degree as well and the deductions that you're going to get are only going to be up to as much as the winnings you cannot have more deductions than the winnings so you can say well yeah you might want to collect your your losses in the event that you have winnings so that you can write them off but you're probably going to be severely limited to the amount of deductions and if you don't itemize it's not likely that you're going to get any benefit from trying to write off the losses against the winnings because you're not itemizing the deductions so then you also might get a question like well if you see somebody that gets they hit the jackpot and they get winnings what's that going to do to their taxes well then you might have to do a projection or possibly go to the iris website and use their estimator tool to project what your tax impact will be because as we saw it could significantly impact the tax calculation which means that you'd want to make increased withholdings to compensate for it or possibly make estimated payments to avoid getting penalized at the end of the year okay those are just a couple things with the gambling let's see what else we have let's go back to the schedule again and we're going to say we have the gambling cancellation of debt all right so let's jump back to the gambling let's remove that one and say did you do gambling is gone I was just kidding I didn't win any money I never win I never win oh poor you I just like to play for the for expensive drinks I give them all my money and pretend like they're giving me free drinks anyways cancellation of debt so let's jump to that one cancellation of debt and so we're going to say that uh let's get rid of this bit too and then delete the cancellation of debt we'll put the ten thousand here but boom and we'll go back on over so of course there's the ten thousand now you might say why is cancellation of debt income well if you owed the bank money and then the bank said we are we think you're so unlikely you're so unlikely to pay us that we're actually going to relieve the debt that would be kind of like they gave us the ten thousand dollars as a gift as income or whatever and we gave it back to them in relief of the debt right you basically have income it's basically the same thing however if you can't pay like the bank back it's probably because you have an issue like your insolvent you don't have the money to pay it back and the bank recognizes that and therefore they're willing to cancel the debt or restructure it in some way shape or form in which case sometimes there's tax advantages or benefits that you could take because of whatever the current situation is we saw some of that stuff in the with the loan forgiveness and whatnot in the covid times but as a general rule if you if the debt is forgiven it would be included in income so if you have a situation which isn't totally common not too common where someone where there's a relief of debt like the bank says you don't always ten thousand dollars anymore then that would typically be income but there could be exceptions to that given the current situation that they are in okay let's go back on over to schedule one and say what's next we've got the foreign earned income so let's jump to this one and get rid of that one and say okay so that's going to be on so this is a whole another thing in and of itself on schedule two five five five so if I jump to that you've got foreign wages and so on and and so that so you can you could then imagine that we had foreign wages and and if so if I go back on over I'm just going to take a look at it here we won't go into this in detail it'll be kind of a specialty field in and of itself but just as a general idea if I go down to the form uh two five five five we're going to see here that we have foreign earned income now the problem when you have foreign earned income is that the foreign country is going to also have their own tax consequences and their own their own taxes and then if you're a US citizen you might be in a situation where you have double taxes from two different places which becomes a problem if there's a deal or a treaty between the United States and wherever else the income is coming from the question is basically who's going to be able to get the taxes from the income for that source and again that becomes kind of a specialty field in and of itself as a tax preparer your question would be do I want to take on tax returns that have uh foreign earned income situations that I can then uh have a more complex return that I'm going to be dealing with or do I want to not be dealing with with those types of returns but the general idea would then be that if you had that item applied if we then have the two five five five I won't go into it in detail we might take a look at it later in more detail be it but for now just the general idea this information would be pulling over to the schedule one and then we would be pulling into the foreign to earn income exclusion note it's a bracketed amount because it's an exclusion from income the idea being for income taxes everything is included in income enlisters and exception and the code is what the iris generally wants therefore this would be reducing income in a similar way as we saw with the net operating loss okay so then next we have the line eight e and eight f which are kind of similar line e being form eight eight five three which is the archer msa or medicare advantage and then we have line f which is going to be for the health savings account on form eight eight eight nine now typically going forward more people are going to be in the health savings account because that's kind of like the newest the latest and the greatest of the two you could take a look at those two forms if I go over to eight eight five three which is probably less used and as we go forward here eight eight five three that's going to be for the archer msa msa's and long-term care insurance and then we have the other form which is eight eight eight nine which is probably going to be the more current form that you might see more often eight eight eight nine that's going to be the health savings accounts the hsa's now again we might go into these in a bit more detail later but there are similar kind of tax strategy as you might have for a an ira in in that when you have an ira or retirement account you get a tax benefit to put the money into the ira a retirement account the irs trying to nudge our behavior that being to save for retirement therefore the money in that account is going to be restricted in terms of how we're going to use it or how we can pull it out same kind of concept here we would only put money into an hsa because it's going to be restricted if we get a tax benefit possibly at the point in time that we put the money in and possibly with the growth of the money and the ira's restriction is that we have to use the money in a certain way right so when i take the money out there might be then restrictions on how i use the money in order to maximize our tax benefits that's going to be the general idea so what is it what does it have to do with this line right here these lines then we're looking at the income side of things so we're typically looking at the side when we take the money out and we're asking the question as to whether it's something that needs to be included in income or not which might be dependent upon how we use the money so there's usually there's going to be questions in terms of when we put the money in to the account do we get a tax benefit such as reducing our taxable income when we put it in and then there's the growth of the money while it's in the account and it grows do we have to pay taxes on the possible dividend interest while it's there and then when we take the money out do we have to pay taxes in income taxes when we pull the money out those are going to kind of be the questions when we're looking at these lines we're looking at the situation where we're taking the money out so again we might take a look at those in a bit more detail in future presentations next we have the jury duty now jury duty is usually pretty straightforward if you had if you had to take jury duty then you might then get wages for the jury duty which is and then you might have to you might get a form that shows the jury duty possibly a 1099 type form and then that is going to be something that usually will be included in income let's put our 10 000 there it's usually going to be a smaller dollar amount therefore not having a big impact oftentimes on the on the tax implications however you can imagine a situation where the jury duty took a long time or something and you have a significant amount of income from it if that is the case and you have a significant amount of income and i go to page two that's gonna i mean i'm sorry go to the 10 40 that will of course pull into the form 10 40 here increase in our income from 110 from 100 to 110 again so 13 850 standard deduction 96 150 that would pull into then page two so the couple questions with the jury duty is one it's usually not a whole lot of money so it's not might not have a huge impact so but if it does then the question comes up in terms of your estimate your estimated taxes again do you need to increase your withholdings or possibly make estimated payments due to the tax consequences of the jury duty so that you do not underpay your taxes resulting in penalties and interest in taxes due at tax time now you could also have a situation where your employer might still be paying you for jury duty or something like that in which case they're going to say i'm still going to pay you because you're doing your jury duty business and instead of you taking the lower jury duty money will just pay you for it and therefore i want you to give me the jury duty uh in which case you might be able to to reduce the the income by the jury duty on the on uh on the schedule two or page two of the adjustments to income which we can see down here so we might talk about that more later but typically jury but the general idea obviously is if you have jury duty you might get documentation for the iris has it you're going to have to record it uh in income think about the tax consequences in terms of estimated taxes and then if you do have to pay your jury duty to your employer or because they paid you your salary anyways then think about if it might be deductible which we might talk about more in a future presentation all right so let's jump to that one let's go back on over and say okay that's fine let's go to the prizes and awards now remember the iris likes to say anything is income unless they exclude it and note what would happen if they didn't do that you can imagine people coming up with tax schemes where they say oh it it wasn't income i wasn't paying them for work that they did i just gave them an award it was an award for being a great human being it's going to be like those awards that you see these days for the most ridiculous thing just to avoid taxes right you're like oh it's a word for you know being a excellence excellence award well what are they excellent in i don't i don't really know but in any case you usually have to usually have to include the awards and income and there's various kind of of benefit kind of calculations if it comes from as to where the award comes from as to the reporting requirements for whoever gave you the money so remember the iris is always going to be pressuring the person that gave the money because that person's going to want to get a deduction usually and if they're going to get a deduction the iris is going to say well you have to rat out who you gave the money to so we can include it in income which means that you might get documentation based on an award in which case you would have to include it in income and if you have to include it in income it will once again feed into the form 1040 increasing your your income which could have significant uh tax implications possibly pushing you into a higher tax bracket and therefore you're going to want to make estimated payments or adjust your withholdings to to compensate for the increased income from the awards now if you have an award from like olympic or para olympics then it might be basically down here olympic and para olympic so they have the special kind of area for that one and uh so there might be a slightly different tax consequences i kind of feel like you shouldn't be taxed if you're if you're winning awards for the olympics you should be taxed when you lose you go if you're going to the olympics you're going to win or else you're going to be paying your taxes that's how it that's how it should work anyways uh let's see what else we have here then we have activity not engaged for profit so i'm going to right click on this one jump back on over let's get rid of this and then we're going to say uh activity not engaged in for profit now if you did engage in an activity for profit then you would probably report that on a schedule c we'd have income and expenses the benefit of a schedule c is that you get the deduction of the expenses which could actually result in a loss the iris is very skeptical of losses however because if you have a loss the iris is going to say were you really trying to make money or are you just writing off your personal expenses and then you're making and then you have a loss in them so this will often like if you have a tax return preparation business the iris is not likely to say hey you're just doing that for fun probably but if you have a business like horse racing or something like that and you keep on buying horses and the horses keep losing the races or not making enough money to pay for the the purchase of the horses and that happens for like 10 years and you keep on writing off losses against your w2 income the iris is probably going to become skeptical that you're just a horse fanatic or a gambler or something like that and you're trying to write off losses so that's when that's the question you have to say if you're if you're a content creator and you're writing off going to the movies or going to france so that you can see how whatever happens over there so you can do whatever you do the iris is probably going to say that looks like fun stuff and they're more likely to say that uh that it might that it might not be for business activities and that just means that that doesn't mean you can't do it but it means that you have to you have to make sure that you are engaged in a for-profit activity and have the evidence to prove that also if you have losses for more than three years in a row the iris is likely to say more likely that the the the burden of proof might be more likely to shift to you to prove that you are in it for profit rather than the iris having to prove it that you are not in it for profit right the default assumption would be that you're not after a certain point in any case i also note that if you had income however over here the bad part of a business side of things is you also might be subject to self-employment tax social security and medicare which we saw can be significant because you're paying both the employee and employee or portion so in that case it would almost be good if like if you had income of ten thousand dollars and you had no expenses then you would you would rather possibly record it as a hobby because if you recorded it as a for-profit income you would have to pay not only income taxes but possibly social security tax but if you had that same ten thousand dollars and then you had fifteen thousand dollars of expenses then you would end up with a loss in which case you would rather have it as a business thing on the schedule c because you can take the loss against the w2 income all right that's the general structure of it so if i go over here and we say okay uh we have the uh activity engaged not for profit jumping and we're going to say there's our ten thousand dollars here and go back on over okay and so if we add that up and we're going to say there's the ten thousand that pulls on over to the form ten forty so we have the form ten forty there's so once again that could increase our income substantially therefore if we have a w2 income and a hobby that's actually making us money then we're going to have to account for that increase our withholdings or make estimated tax payments now also note it used to be that you can deduct some of the losses for the for the hobby stuff on the schedule a but typically that's not the case anymore there was a change and they tried to simplify things a few years ago so that's the used to be like you can deduct the hobby losses on the schedule a up to the amount of the hobby income uh but the but you know even then it was on the schedule a and like i say they increased the the itemized deductions so even if you were able to itemize them they're not going to be helping you unless you're unless you would have the itemized deduction so generally if it's a hobby you're going to have to include it in income typically have none of the losses but at least you're not subject to the self-employment tax which would be the case that you would be subject to if it was a schedule c business but if it was a schedule c business like i say you get to deduct then the expenses and possibly have a loss which would be good for taxes all right let's see what let's go back on over to the schedule one and so all right we did that one stock options so there's the stock i won't go into that one in detail we're running kind of long here but if you have the stock options then you're going to you can put that in schedule in line k income from rental or personal property if you engaged in the rental for profit but we're not in business of renting such property so so now you have personal property that that you that you rented and you did it in order to generate money so again the idea one of the things you have to kind of keep in mind here is that if you if this was a business and you put it on the schedule c you might be subject to the self-employment tax let's jump on over here let's put the 10 000 here now and go boom delete it here and so now we're going to say that we have the 10 000 here and that's going to sum up if i go to the first page of the 10 40 boom pulls in over here if i go into the second page of the 10 40 you'll notice we only have the income tax we didn't pull in the self-employment tax so that's one thing to kind of keep in mind with this item and many kind of items that might be a little bit more unusual down here if you got income from a different source the question is is it if it's for a for-profit business activity then the issue is that you might be able to deduct expenses related to it in that situation but you might also be subject to self-employment tax and that's and so that's going to be the the problem or what you want to make sure that you're basically double checking so just to get an idea of that let me just show you if i go into uh the schedule c let's say on the schedule c we had income of uh let's say the 10 000 and then if i go back on over to the schedule c you could say okay there's the income of 10 000 i didn't have any deductions so i'm just going to say all right it was 10 000 but then i let's go back on over here and say i'm going to get rid of that other income that we had to to here let's get rid of that and then go back in and say now that pulls into the schedule one as we saw up top pulls into the form 10 40 and then you'll recall that there was a bunch of impacts that we had from that from the the schedule c business and part of that is on page two we've got the tax calculated but then we also have this self-employment tax which can be significant now again there's also a deduction for it and so on so there's pros and cons to it if i if i go back on over and i said there was a loss in the business let's say we had to do and then let's say we had advertising of 20 000 now we lost 10 000 well then on the schedule c we have a loss we're not going to pay any self-employment tax because we had no taxable net income in essence to apply the self-employment not only that but if i go to the form 10 40 i might be able to reduce my income by the loss which is good for taxes and why the iris is skeptical of losses so that's often the question that comes up with different types of income is it business income and then is it subject to to self-employment tax or not


Did I will show you the reminder that you have 10 minutes to the end of the presentation? Right. Yeah, I mean, do you think it's kind of shorter? Yeah, I'll see. Sometimes you need to tell them how sorry you didn't want to tell them. No. I think we can start, so let me introduce Fred. And I hope everyone is looking forward to find something new about the monitoring. We'll try. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for making time Sunday morning. I know it's early. Everyone awake already? It's an entertaining talk just before, so that was good. So, I'll be talking about the issue of monitoring. I have a particular take on it, which might be interesting, but I'll be covering general topics first, and then going to two particular technologies that my group works on that have an unusual angle on this. So, the first part might be familiar and boring if so, just make some yawning sounds and I will move on. If it's interesting, they just ask questions anytime and we'll get this done. So, everyone just heard a monitoring word, right? Everyone knows monitoring is a good thing. But sometimes I like to think about it, step back a moment and say, why does monitoring exist? Why do we even need such a thing? So, if you think about it, old monitoring is a way for a robot to do your job in the sense that once you have written the program, once it's running somewhere, you want to make sure it keeps running happily. And if something breaks and it inevitably does, you want to be told that something is broken. So, at the most basic level, it is there to warn you of something that goes wrong so that you don't have to spend your own attention fixing it or noticing that something has gone wrong. And I'm sure everyone here is a programmer, everyone has seen hundreds of failure modes. They're all kinds, not just bugs in your program, but hardware failures, network failures. Security breaks and you have to take action. A huge gamut of problems, obviously. And there are too many problems to manually check. So, again, we must delegate it to some kind of machine to do that. In some cases, the failures are very soft failures in the sense that it's not that something is broken, it's that someone would like the software to sell more products. You know, it's a website that wants to sell 3,000 widgets a day instead of 2,000 and they're tweaking web server settings and so on. They want to find out whether that has been successful or not. So, sometimes it's that soft, the kind of failure that we want to monitor. So, how does one find out that something has gone wrong? Well, there are some schools of thought where you basically just wait for reports to flow and you kind of fire off a software package, launch it, deploy it either with an AB type deployment but you basically wait for someone to tell you that something is wrong and otherwise just keep on and build, build, build. But normally what the most responsible thing to do is to let a computer program monitor all the other computer programs around and tell you when something is wrong. Again, all this is very basic, but it gets interesting in a second. Who can name more than five monitoring systems off the top of their heads? I'm sure you've seen, I have only seven or eight there but with a little more effort one can come up with 20 or 30. It looks like every year someone builds a new one that does something very similar to all the others. It's a very fertile ground for reinvention. And sometimes just choosing one is itself a big difficulty because there's again so many and also because people come in with different biases, different traditions and they're familiar with some and not others. Or their platform infrastructure of choice might have one or two installed and then you make it fit to whatever you need. So people tend to be very much creatures of habit and they go with what is easiest and they hate to choose from 30 options because it's a lot of work choosing. So they turn not to. It tends to mean that it tends to make the reinvention problem a little bit worse because anything that's new and flashy naturally attracts attention and then kind of fight, well, I just get frustrated thinking about it because it's just funny how many new projects occur, come up, advertise themselves and show up is the greatest new thing that will do everything except a few things and then suddenly your decision matrix has become much more complicated and you have to decide whether you go with the fashions or not. But the general patterns are all the same. You want to identify what it is that you want to measure, whether it's basic system statistics or something more complicated. You need to find a way of pulling the data in from its sources. You need to store it somewhere for a long term. You need to draw it usually. Some people are really, well, our visual system is very tuned to finding patterns and graphs, of course, so people are used to visual renderings, visual drawings of the data to make good sense of it all. Other people don't mind grids of data and computers, of course they don't mind raw numbers at all, but sooner or later at some point one has to visualize everything just for the humans. And if something goes wrong, obviously you want to be notified. So these basic five elements are essentially in every single monitoring system out there and they change in taste and flavor and focus and emphasis, but the same elements are there. The interesting aspect of it to me and which is what motivates this talk is not the common elements though. The common situations are already addressed in most of these tools. The interesting aspects to me are what you do if something very unusual happens, what you do if you go sort of what Dan Walsh was talking about in the container talk a moment ago. If a failure occurs that is not already well handled by the monitoring statistics that you have collected, what else can you do?  I like to go beyond and I like to explore how to go beyond for those unusual cases where you must, where the mystery is just too harsh. So why might we need something more than the normal monitoring systems data? Well first of all, if you think about everything that goes on in a large system, there's simply too, too much in terms of number of different types of data that you might want to collect. There can be thousands, tens of thousands of different measurements you could take and if you take them all then you'll bog the system down while extracting it and you'll bog down your network and your storage just transporting a thing. So you literally cannot collect everything you might want. And you also can't pull it frequently enough to get very high resolution data because again it has a multiplicative effect on resource requirements. So some systems try really hard to have very high data rate capabilities and stuff but at some point you always run up to the limits of your storage infrastructure or network infrastructure at which point you have to decide, okay I'm going to collect only these statistics, only every 10 seconds and I'll make do. But again sometimes that's just not enough. And in order to do even a lot of data, some of these systems have to have enormous infrastructures in terms of having very large clusters of distributed databases to store all these time series and it's just heavy, heavy infrastructure. So what I call ad hoc monitoring meaning what can you do if you know you have an unusual monitoring need that the basic system does not provide for you already what can you do that's a little personal that satisfied your need just this moment. And some systems are good at satisfying personal needs and some are not. This one is one that is really good at personal small scale exploratory kind of monitoring where it lets you answer questions that you couldn't forecast ahead of time. So I'll be talking about, I don't know, 10, 15 minutes about this tool. Anyone familiar with it already? Not you guys. So performance co-pilot is an old tool. I say that just because even though it's just new to many people it has existed for probably two decades in some form already. It used to be a commercial product for SGI in their large computing clusters. It was open sourced probably like a decade and a bit ago. But it has gotten some mind share partly because of its commercial history. Partly because as a part of its commercial history it had to have made very robust and fully documented and higher standards than just a little open source project in some ways. Its main claim as compared to a more integrated single purpose monitoring system is that it's a toolkit in that it is designed to permit you to define exactly what you monitor as an end user, as a developer. You're not limited to what a system administrator wishes to monitor for you. You're fully encouraged to use the same system for personal needs that you have that particular moment. And the way it does this is an interesting architecture which decouples collection and storage and analysis into distinct but very simple processes and a very simple processing model so that momentary ad hoc monitoring needs don't conflict with others. So one aspect of it that makes it interesting is that there's no hard coded, no hard coded, no central configured overall system there. It contains several independent pieces. The key part, the basic part is this single daemon called a collector and all it does is it fetches on demand current live statistics that a particular performance monitoring user would like. And it's a very efficient little daemon. It's written all in C but it's quite efficient. It doesn't require a Java virtual machine or anything like that. And it's able to serve any of thousands and thousands and thousands of metrics including per process minutiae up to system level statistics and many, many other things. It's an extensible widget. It can pull out statistics from database servers, normal Unix daemons that have any sort of statistics exporting engine like the name servers do. Almost everything that has a little statistics exporting function, this guy can generally import and then make it available. But the key is that it does not do anything with the data. It is merely a server. It does not store the data. It does not pull it. It just holds it ready for when a client comes in to call. So this means that it can make available a thousand and thousands of potential metrics that are useful without taking up all the time and gathering it if there's no one listening. Then a whole separate module called the logger exists and its job is to talk to the collector from previous slide. It can talk to it locally on a machine or it can talk across a network so for it can remotely log as a native capability. And all its job is to send periodic query packets to the collector saying give me these 100, 200, 10,000 statistics that are current and then saves those to disk pretty much unmodified. So it's a very efficient way of sending the network packet straight to disk with very little processing involved. It's really a small lightweight tool that creates files from the recorded history of these metrics. And it's highly configurable, rigid even reconfigurable at runtime that each of these logger processes can change what kind of metrics it collects and how frequently. And it's unlike in other systems, it is not a central system service kind of tool. This is a tool that an individual developer user can, if they wish, start completely for themselves. It's an unprivileged process that just writes files with full of metrics. So developer doesn't have to talk to the assistant man to please log more for him for next two minutes. The person can just start this totally by themselves, direct it at whatever nodes are running their applications and it will do the job within a special coordination with anyone else. So that is pretty special. Many of the other systems require assistant man reconfiguration or stopping of some central service or setting up more databases to do anything. A lot of headache depending on the system of course. Here it can be totally personal. And because it's such a single purpose tool, it's very modular, very unixy flavored. So if you want to monitor 10 machines, you run 10 copies of it and each is very small, so that's okay. But it's very straightforward to just launch either directly or under sort of intermediary tool like what we call pm manager, which will then monitor machines that you designate and just will launch these little loggers for you and then bring your all of your data back. But it's all, it can be totally personal. Now how does one actually use all this data? Performance copilot comes with dozens of tools, generally little programs, but some larger ones too. And each of them is capable of either talking to a live collector, so consuming live data either from local machine or any of the machines on a network, or can talk to or can read the archive files that are just being generated by a logger. So each client tool that shows you system stats can talk either to history or can talk to present data either a local or a remote machine. It's all just selected by command line options and it's built in capability to all of these tools. So for example, yeah, I'll show just a little bit of examples next, but it is kind of interesting that whereas you're used to running the top command or iostat, all these guys, they're monitoring tools of sorts, right? You're used to having to log into a machine and then run iostat there and then you stare at the results for a few minutes. Well, with this one, the same data that iostat would print out for local machine, this will give it to you for any remote machine you have access to, as well as any historical data you have for many of those machines and with just a few different command line options. So for example, pmstat is just a little vmstat impersonator, but it uses the pcp infrastructure to make remote connections. So here you see us looking at three separate hosts concurrently in parallel. So those are the three hosts named there. And this will, in this case, just scan some pre-selected set of stats from those three machines and intermingle them on the console for you. So it tries to be very simple, reasonably intuitive, but it hides a bit of magic in that we're actually talking to different machines collating the data, converting all the units, making sure that even if you don't want any machines, it's a Windows box. We still converted statistics to the same homogeneous kind of dimensionality. So everything will be kilobytes instead of megabytes, this kind of thing. It's all handled by the infrastructure automatically. To do that unit conversion stuff, this system has to keep track of metadata for every measurement. So it knows a piece of documentation text about everything that it has. And it knows the data types. It knows, again, units, which is a little bit different from data types. They can have a fully dimensioned numbers. So you don't get confused if a kernel version changes and starts printing something as kilobytes instead of megabytes. The system does not get confused. It still knows what the numbers represent exactly so that clients can convert without any confusion. So it's a little subtle issue, but it means that every single chart that any of the tools shows is fully dimensioned. It's a meaningful scientific data. It's not just a curve with a number that's 0 to 100. You never have to ask 0 to 100 what. It's always 0 to 100 kilobytes per second. It's something that this tool takes very seriously, whether others do not. And the bottom there is just a little demonstration that this tool is very happy to deal with textual sort of measurements, too, not just numeric ones. So one of the agents that comes with PCP is simply listens to system D journal entries and they have others that listen to log files. And it can transcribe log records into the data stream, into the metric stream. It's just like it would transcribe numeric results. So it can function as a combined source of numbers as well as text and binary data, too, if one really wants to go that far. It does have a GUI or two or three, depending on how you count. So once you collect the data, you can use countless of these little command line tools or libraries to process them. But also there exist GUIs that we ship. There's a QT-based one, which I think there's a screen dump in the next slide. There are various web-based user interfaces where it should run as normal JavaScript web applications. And again, all these run with almost zero infrastructure. These are very, very lightweight, personal level servers. You don't need to install Golang and a big auxiliary database or anything like this. Everything is very small footprint, very easy to install, personal. It can be personal. Very little infrastructure. So yeah, that's just what the VM chart looks like. They don't have a screenshot of the web interface, but that's not hard to find. As I may say, it's very invited to try it out, of course. It's available on Fedora and then many other distros. The view on the right is just a PCP's version of, I think, the ATOP program, ATOP or H-TOP, ATOP, which uses the normal local remote live or historical capabilities to draw the exact same kind of stats that normally a live local tool does. So it generalizes across time and space, so to speak. And it still looks familiar. It still looks comfortable. And one final, higher level tool. The PCP inference engine, as it's called, it also is flexible in terms of whether it's a local remote or live or historical data analysis tool, but it's a little tool that just takes mathematics expressions based on metrics. So for example, if the load average is more than five for the last 10 minutes, then do something. So those kinds of conditions are easy to express. And it, too, is not a core part of the system. It is just, again, an ordinary, potentially personal client that you can run just for your processes or just for your machines, just for your containers that will monitor only them and will do only what you need at that time. So again, like, near zero infrastructure. Then we have tools to take other systems data in or send data out. It's a very much open system in the sense that the data formats are all documented, the APIs are all documented. Data flows in and out are well prototyped already. So it's not difficult to send data to and from. And it's kind of original form. So we take it seriously that we are not at data silo. It's not like data comes into our system and never leaves again. We encourage the data to go two ways. We don't want to own. We don't want to be the central gatekeeper of your monitoring data. I just want to mention this one. While many of these are lower level, this one is a little smarter. It's a new tool that we're building just now. And it demonstrates just how one can assemble the individual products that I've already mentioned into a more high level, more intelligent system. That it turns out that the fairly small JavaScript web app can use and integrate the pre-existing pieces to provide something that is fairly unusual, which is a guided educational sort of tool. I wouldn't call it intelligent, but it's a tool that, well, I don't have a screenshot, sorry, but it's not hard to imagine. So picture timelines of only a few metrics at a time and explanatory text as to what a problem might be as suspected by the system and what its possible cures might be. And the system does all this by its own monitoring of only selective measurements at a time. So for example, there might be a single screen that measures disc latencies. And if it detects it's up of a certain threshold, it'll print out an explanatory text that, okay, your disks are getting saturated. These are various possible cures to it. You can look here to analyze whether the saturation is due to errors or whether it's just overload from too many processes. And it kind of guides down through a tree of possible explanations. And it does this guidance automatically based on its own analysis of the metrics. And then it's all very lightweight, very small. Again, personal sized tool. So that's pretty much all I have of a performance group pilot. So far it's... I hope it helps motivate so far the ad hoc aspect of what I'm really interested in about the monitoring problem space. But it only addresses that part of the system where the instrumentation already exists somewhere in the system. So it'll help if the kernel exports those statistics but it doesn't help in the cases where the stats don't exist in a naive form already. So the next tool I'm going to talk about is another tool that our group works on, of course. And this is a tool which, in this context, can be used to fabricate statistics, pull out statistics where they were not already present. So we can dig into the middle of software and pull out its numbers that it wasn't going to give us, but we're going to pull out it anyway. So we need this kind of thing because sometimes, well, often these days, our software stacks have many, many layers. We have libraries upon library and virtual machines and kernels and sometimes multiple of these things. And if something goes wrong with the overall system, it is really difficult to narrow down to which layer might be responsible. So sometimes you have to dig into internals of these layers even if those layers weren't instrumented properly in the first place. So sometimes you have to investigate what's going on inside them. So our general approach is to look at this problem as a debugging problem, as if what we want to do really is imagine sending a debugger into these various layers, any of the layers, because we don't know where the problem might be, and let the debugger snoop around and collect statistics for us or our investigation. And then once this investigation is done, then those responses, the resulting numbers, can then go back into the monitoring system and then flow back up to the user the same way as normal statistics would. So our tool of choice for this task is to investigate the internals of mystery layers of software is a tool called System Tap. Anyone familiar with it, heard of it a little bit? Okay. So some of these will look familiar because the mentality between here and PCP, there's some common elements. Again, it's a toolkit rather than a single integrated widget. It's a tool-building tool. While it comes with a lot of pre-packaged samples, pre-packaged information, it is really there to let an educated person use it to perform new kinds of research, new kinds of investigation. It deals with live data as opposed to historical data. It's one place where the PCP slide and this one is different. But in some other ways, the mentality is very similar. It's a personal tool. It's meant to satisfy your personal needs at that time. And it's not something that a system administrator needs to do for you. It's something that you do for yourself. So you can think of it as a programmable debugger, but like GDB, except much faster and it's able to run in many, many different layers of the software stack up to and including the kernel. So that is an unusual combination to have such a wide scope. It's a programming system. So there's a programming language involved. So it's, again, it's a higher level of commitment to use it, but it gives one tremendous amount of power to investigate things. And we found that tools that don't provide this much level of control just can't answer some kinds of questions that really do happen. So we found we really did need this level of expressibility. So if you know that you might need to look into running software, how we just start. The first is see if someone else had the same problem before. So our first advice to users is to just look at our library of samples. It's up on the web and it comes as a part of the self-distribution. It's a whole gamut of a couple of hundred examples. Some replicate a very common job. Some replicate silly stuff. There are games. There are sysadmin spying tools that the sysadmin college user might use in order to monitor other users. There's a wide variety of things. So about half the time when we get asked for help, half the time we can point people to one of the examples that already exists and that will be, that's good enough. If on the other hand there isn't such an example, then the next step is to write one of these system type programs for oneself. So just going to, it's not going to be very long. Just going to give a quick overview of what that feels like, what that looks like just to give a sense of the power. So the first element is to identify points where we want to extract information. And these points can be anything from parts of a source code of any software that you have access to there. It can be any sort of event source in a kernel that exists there. It can be interfaces to auxiliary user space programs so that a system type program can talk interactively to a user or to another program. So anything that can be phrased as a form of something happening, perhaps with parameters like a function that got called and it has parameters or a statement got executed or a performance counter overflowed because we had too many cache misses. Any of those kinds of things can generally be represented as a system type probe point. And it has a little naming syntax to identify them. And a single system type script will have one or more, generally many more of these probes because men are generally interested in multiple events and coordinating between them. So once we named what we do, once we named the places where we might want to gather data from, the next step is to decide what to do with the data. So we have many choices. It's a full programming language. It looks a bit like C, so you see it has printfs. All these dollar variables are for accessing context from the event source. So if we set a breakpoint inside a function, then the dollar variables will be whatever actual variables are available at that time in the target source code. So it lets us access just like gdb lets you print a variable from a program you stopped in. This is exactly the same thing, except we can also pretty print and we can manipulate things. We can express general logic. We can traverse data structures. We can process strings, which is important. And sometimes some other systems deal with numbers and then let you have one kind of condition but nothing else. We can let one express fairly complicated predicates like, you know, has this user, has this process done a system call in the last five seconds. Those kinds of expressions are expressible here, whereas other systems will not let you do that. We have some built-in statistics features, too. So again, it makes some things very straightforward. We can also do things like impose. We can actually make changes to a running program. Sometimes that's necessary if there are security bugs or sometimes you want to trigger inject default. You want to trigger some unusual response. You want to simulate out of memory indication, for example. So we have ways of letting the system type user modify state. It's not just for debugging but for bug fixing purposes, too. This sometimes comes in handy. Obviously, there are different levels of privilege for different levels of destructiveness. For those who care about the implementation aspects, it's a full assistant type language. It's a programming language, so it has to be parsed. It has to be executed. Our execution model traditionally is the next kernel module-based model. So it means we actually create a kernel module on the fly that does the same job as the script acquires. But we also have two other backends that are not Linux kernel module-based that are similar in capability. So there's a pure user space, one that's based on the Dynance library. Have you heard of this? What Dynance is? It's a C++ library that lets one inject code into running processes. It's like a binary rewriting, profiling, instrumentation library that comes out of a university. So anyway, we can use that same library to inject assistant type instrumentation into running programs. It's a completely unprivileged user space sort of thing. We also have been in touch and monitoring the progress of the Linux BPF virtual machine. Have you guys heard of that? So we've been keeping a close track of how they're progressing and we have a prototype whereby system type uses the virtual machine that is, I think it's kernel 4.5 and up, which lets some simple type of programs be executed under a different protected environment without all the kernel module safety worries. So we're constantly investigating more and more different execution backends for the same scripting language, for the same scripting environment, but to adapt to different people's needs. So it's a very broad capability tool.  You can find out how many web requests go around a loop, how frequently it goes through, how full are its internal caches, right? It might not tell you anything about its own internal caching statistics, but with this kind of thing, if you can actually look at their data structures, you can pull out those numbers, even if there was no other way of pulling it out. You can pull out those numbers and expose them to a performance co-pilot and then it can be injected into the rest of the monitoring system. So I'm pretty much ready with that. I'm happy to answer questions even now if you guys have anything. So if I have an app, an application that I want to instrument to expose on the internal state or whatever, should I be looking at, is there an API to expose it into PCP or SystemTap or some generic instrumentation framework that could make it available to anyone? Right. The question was how a person who wants to instrument their program could do so to get it to PCP or the SystemTap. And the answer is yes to both questions in different ways. So PCP has a library after several possible libraries which you can link to your program with different values, a very low overhead way via shared memory. And then any numbers that you put in there will get automatically visible to any PCP clients downstream. If you want to identify SystemTap level points, then yes, there's another way of doing that, which is the exact same method that the detrace system has, just if you put some macro calls into your program via a header file we provide, and it identifies potential breakpoint locations and data that goes along with them. And then this becomes a very high performance, very portable way of denoting where you think interesting points are in your program, which makes them very discoverable to other people. And many, many serious programs already have this exact same kind of instrumentation attached to them, a patch of a browser, databases, shells, it's all over the place already. So chances are if you run SystemTap list command to find these, you'll find hundreds of them on Fedora or RAL distro already. And you're welcome to add those in, and they're basically zero overhead, literally in no op is all that exists in the object code, so it's very efficient. So there's still lots of work in progress. We're still fairly new to the broad cloud world, so we're still finding limitations as to how easily one can deploy these tools to a large cloud. So we're still working on scaling, making sure it's easy to run, but we know it's important and we're on it. And we also are building support for more and more scripting languages, our Python and Java support in both sets of tools is getting better and better. But I think those are the biggies, I think Golang is also coming in many respects. So, but we know more needs to be done. And some, okay, when I say solves, it's not completely solved, not 100% solved, but it addresses a larger fraction of the problems that your naive monitoring system would have. So, again, with PCP, we get very good ad hoc capabilities, assuming that there is enough data potentially available. And if you add system tab to the mix, then you can make an order of magnitude more data potentially available, which is the data that comes in from all practically black box binary blobs. You can kind of crank them open and see what's inside, and that data too can be then put into your ad hoc monitoring needs. So I think these two systems have to some extent a bit of a synergy and using them both together can let one dig into problems that alone you can't and you can get nowhere near with just a plain old, standard, charty kind of monitoring system. And just some links. And that's all I have. I think we might have time for one or two more questions, maybe. Anyone else? Sure. So, how exactly do you, from system tab, do you export metrics to PCP? I don't understand that. Yes, I just, I left a little tantalizing hint. There's a YouTube video that actually demonstrates that. The way that works is that the system tab script exports a PROCFS file, and PCP knows that it can look at for PROCFS files with certain syntax in a certain place, and therefore it can pull system tab generated live statistics from a synthetic PROCFS location, and it will then transport them into the normal PCP data stream. So that's one way. There are others, but that's the easiest. And there's a little YouTube video, something like three or four minutes long, that shows the whole thing working and it shows profiles and numbers and all kinds of stuff that this can be used for. That's it. All right. Well, thank you very much for making time and sitting through. And if you folks have questions after, of course, I'll be around. Alex. Hi. Do you have a live demo? A short one, but yes. So do you need internet access? No. Because that should work better than Wi-Fi. That's right. Well, I would not need a wireless. Oh, that's fine. Everything is on my machine for safety reasons. Yeah. Just in case. Yeah, who knows what will happen. So was there a reason for that? I'm not sure. Probably one thousand twenty-four. All right. If you want to hire, you can try to HDMI, right? It should be fine. Oh, it's big enough. Oh, okay. Okay. I think they already told you or maybe you heard of it. This microphone is just for recording. Okay. So in case of any questions, please repeat it for the recording. I get that. And what? I get that for you. So fine. Then we will be seeable. So you have plenty of time? And I should be done in 50 minutes, right? Like 40 and give like more than five minutes for Q&A. It's absolutely necessary. The 50 minutes is the kind of the recommendation. But in case of many questions, we can go to the boundaries. Okay. We'll see. I don't know whether there will be any. You should help for many questions. I do. And if you have water here. I'll need it. Yeah. Thanks. We'll show you the time was left. Okay. When do you start showing it? Like 20 minutes before the intro? Like 10 minutes before. Then five minutes. Okay. One minute. And there is a last question. Okay. We'll see. Okay. Thank you. The yesterday was a presentation about the Vizron studio. Viscote, yeah. Were you there? Yes. Did you like it? I don't like the way it works. I like some of the technology in it. Yeah. So it's... It's a relation between the presentation layer and the language stuff. Yeah. Extracting all the language specific stuff from the ID is not too good. But he mentioned about something like C-A-C or something like that. Yeah. So I didn't get the idea from the presentation. So... It's Chi. Chi or something like this. Oh, I don't know. Okay. So the... Who can use this coach? Actually... On the last day. I never used it on the laptop. Yeah. What Chi is, is really a web front-end and web ID. It shares almost nothing with Eclipse itself. The desktop Eclipse. Is it really web front-end? Yeah. Oh, okay. It's... That's the way it works. What it does is you have the runtime. The Chi is documented and all your workplaces are in other instances. In other containers. And your language specific stuff is yet another container. And they orchestrate them together so... You can mix and match. There are a number of limitations. I mean... It works well for... It's a white coat and interpreted languages. It's not easy to make it work that way. Let's see. Yeah. So more likely to web developers to HTML and to the screen. Yeah. I think that's the target. Yeah. Maybe targeting probably Java, PHP. That kind of work. All right. All right. Here you go. All right. Do you understand the language? Yeah. You're welcome. All right. Let's see what else I have under my slide. Okay. I'm guessing we might... Oh, yeah, this is how it works. As much as you think, this PCPRO is like, you get a chance to do it.


Hey, everybody, it's Brett, and today I'm super excited to go over this 2020 Dodge Challenger RT Scat Pack Shaker with the 50th anniversary on it. Also, it's in a very unique color. This is the first time I've ever videoed this color on a Challenger, and super excited to do that. The stock number on this one is 14017Z. I'm here at Summit Auto, your new and used Dodge and Dodge Challenger headquarters and sports car headquarters for that matter. This one has a 6.4-liter V8 heavy engine, 485 horsepower, it's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission, and this car has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, and it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside, start it up, take a look under the hood, take a look inside the trunk. Just to give you the most accurate representation that I can of the car from this video. Cinnamon stick is the color on this one. Really a unique color. Paint code is P-E-C. This is the first time I've ever seen one of these and videoed it. Very, very cool color. I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you like the video you can subscribe. My YouTube channel is youtube.com slash summit auto. Click the bell notification so you get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs, vehicle and sports car walk-arounds on YouTube. This one comes with these special 20-inch painted alloy wheels, part of the 50th anniversary package. You can see you get these silver Brembo brakes in there, the slotted rotors. Comes with Pirelli P0 Nero tires. These are 27540 ZR20s, and I would say they have right around half the tread left, maybe a little bit more. The wheels are in really nice condition, didn't see any scuffs or scrapes on there. You get these Scat Pack logo on the side of the car, the RT stripes on there, didn't see any dents or dings on that front fender. Get the HID headlamps, LED running lights, factory fog lights, front bumper, and lower valance are in really nice shape. The bumper has never been drilled into, and I didn't see any imperfections on the bumper. Lower valance is in pretty nice shape as well, got just a couple little nicks and scuffs on the bottom there, but that's why we do these videos, and you can always replace those lower valances pretty inexpensively. The 50th anniversary package gives you that Challenger 50 on the grille there, as well as the RT on the other side. And then of course you get the shaker hood here with the true cowl induction. This one has the Mopar hood pins, they are functional. I took those out just so when I open the hood I can show you easily under the hood, but they are fully functional. Passenger side front fender is in excellent condition as well, didn't see any dents or dings on there, and the passenger side front wheel is in really nice condition, didn't see any major scuffs or scrapes on there. Cinnamon stick, and it's cinnamon with an S, so S-I-N-A-M-O-N, it's got just a little bit of metal flake to it, really a good looking color. You definitely don't see it very often, it is a very rare car. I've only seen two Challengers in this color, and this is one of them. This is the first one I've videoed. Passenger side, no dents, no dings, very nice clean, I take these HD videos so if you're far away or even if you're close by, just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the car, you can see the car, hear the car, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at, so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises, or if you get the car shipped to you, you'll know exactly what you're going to be getting, and there will be no surprises that way. We sell cars all over the country, so this is how we do it. Down that side, didn't see any dents, didn't see any dings, back wheel is in fantastic condition as well. You do get the Brembo brakes in the back, and the back tires have just about as much tread as the front tires. Coming around to the back of the vehicle, rear bumper is in great shape, didn't see any scuff scrapes or anything like that on there. Paint is very gloss, so you get the backup parking sensors, the chrome tipped dual rear exhaust, the led tail amps, the wrapped trunk lid as well as the roof, didn't see any dents or dings on there, the wrap looks really nice, the low gloss satin finish trunk lid, there you get the Challenger 50 badge on the back of there as well. Trunk area is very nice and clean, does have the Harman Kardon subwoofers back here, tire and flater kit, and that's where your battery is located.  Always something you want to check on these cars.  Down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side and on this side we have the lights on the wall so you can see a little bit different look on that paint. Just how nice it is and for full disclosure this back wheel is just as nice as the rest no scuffs or scrapes on there. Now on the rest of this side of the car the door looks really good, didn't see any dents, didn't see any dings, very nice condition. Does have the heated power mirrors with the blind spot monitoring, has the enter and go system. Now interior wise the 50th anniversary package gives you a bunch of special stuff in here as well. You get the black leather and alcantara seats and you actually get gold stitching on there. You get the 50th or the number 50 stitched into the backrest and it's actually kind of a goldish copper thread on there. Seats are in fantastic condition. Power driver seat, you get the special 50th anniversary. They look like Berber floor mats, auto headlamps. You get that copper stitching around the dash. You get this special dash trim on there. We'll get a closer look at that in just a second. Power windows, locks and mirrors. You get the suede inserts on the doors, harmon card and sound obviously. Back seats are trimmed out just like front seats, no rips or tears back there. Smells very clean inside this car. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. One owner, clean title history, clean car facts out of Tennessee and as we hop inside here, take a look at that instrument cluster. You get the special Challenger 50 animation at the beginning on that 7-inch LCD display, digital spinometer. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Note that the spinometer and the tack are all special for that Challenger 50. You get that kind of copper surround on both sides there and the instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the flat bottom steering wheel, leather wrapped. You get the copper stitching on there. This one has adaptive cruise controls, regular cruise controls, Bluetooth and information center controls. You also have the paddle shifters and the audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one has the 8.4 for C radio. It has the factory navigation system. There's Highway 41 that's working nicely. You get AM, FM and Serious XM radio capabilities.   In here are your apps including projection manager. You can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. We did a demo on Android Auto with an 8.4 if you want to check that out. That's in the upper right hand part of the screen. Then you get your SRT dashboard, your SRT modes, your performance pages, all your other apps and stuff here and I'll turn those performance pages on. They do take a second to load so while they're loading take a look down here. You get the more tactile volume tune and climate controls including the dual climate controls and take a look. Here's the SRT performance pages. Gages right there, oil temp pressure, coolant temp, battery voltage. You get your timers on here.  Just a lot of really cool stuff that you can do with this radio and then you also have your SRT modes on here. You can track, sport, custom and it changes the driving dynamics of the car. Really cool stuff that you can do with that radio and those apps right there. I really like the center console trim. Let's see if I can light that up. It's almost a carbon fiber and it has that copper finish to it. It almost looks like the copper's woven into the carbon fiber. Really a cool look on that dash and center console obviously around the radio and everything on there as well. Passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition. You'll also get this Challenger 50 on the air vent there. That's pretty cool. And the passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition. Once again this car's never been smoked in. Smells very clean inside. It does have the map lights, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems, assistant SOS buttons in the mirror and the headlighters in really nice condition. I didn't see any rips or tears on there. We'll start it up. Take a look under the hood and check out all those lights in the front as well. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options, looks, styling and of course cleanliness of this car inside and out. Very very nice ride. Very cool car. Lots of unique things to it. I would say out of all the Challengers this one's got the most little Easter eggs. You get the 50 in the air vent there. That's actually a plug in there but you get that on both sides. So that's pretty cool. I think you can open them up to get more air. Under the hood you obviously get the shaker package here. You get the shaker hood. It's pretty cool. The shocks are doing a nice job pulling that hood up. I mean this car is pretty much showroom quality under the hood here. Inside, outside, really nice car. You get the cold air intake and of course this car has been fully safe to inspect by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and tapped off and it is 100% ready to go. Thank you so much for checking out the video. There's the emission sticker and just really cool to be able to do a car like this. I'm just going to do one more final walk around with the lights on just because it is that cinnamon stick color. It is a 50th anniversary. RT, scat pack, shaker, checks off all the boxes. Very rare color, very unique options. The 50th anniversary was really well done. The exhaust sounds great too. Love those LED tail lamps and of course one owner, clean title history, clean car facts. I would highly recommend this car from a quality and condition standpoint. Really a good look to it and whoever's going to get it is going to be very, very happy with it. And to see more pictures of this car, one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, scvs, minivans, wranglers, challengers, chargers, mustangs, corvettes, cameros. You name it, we got it. Go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as have an access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and sports car walk-arounds on YouTube. Fact in any second, you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. A link to more challenger videos have done in the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those, check us out and we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean, really good looking, really unique 2020 Dodge Challenger RT Scat Pack Shaker in Cinnamon Stick and the Towel. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


In this segment we would be looking into some popular schools of thought in Islamic tradition. So the topic of this module is schools of Islamic legal thought. There are a number of schools of thought in Islamic traditions. A broad distinction between the two is Sunni schools of thought and Shia schools of thought. In Sunni tradition we have four schools of thought. Hanafi, Shafari, Ambili and Maliki. And in the Shia tradition we have a number of schools of thought again, but the most popular one or the most well-known ones are Jafari and Zedhi schools of thought. And there are some other schools of thought as well. In terms of number, Hanafi school of thought has the largest following. It is found everywhere, Hanafi school of thought, but predominantly Hanafis are found in the Indian subcontinent. In India and Pakistan and of course in Bangladesh, majority of Muslims subscribe to Hanafi school of thought. Outside India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Turkey is a very good example of the followers of Hanafi school of thought.  Shafi school of thought is the second largest school of thought in the Sunni tradition. It is predominantly found in countries like Egypt and Malaysia. It has huge reference to Islamic banking and finance, given that Malaysia is a global player in Islamic banking and finance. So a lot of rulings and practices in Islamic banking and finance are actually influenced by Shafi school of thought. Humbly school of thought is found predominantly in Saudi Arabia and in some other Arab countries. It has huge implications for Islamic banking and finance, given that Saudi Arabia is the largest Islamic financial market. Of course, Iran remains the one country which has fully-fledged Islamic economic system, but Saudi Arabia in terms of the number of institutions, Islamic financial institutions and its central position in the OIC block, it plays a very important role and the Islamic banking and finance practices in Saudi Arabia are influenced by the Humbly school of thought. Then we have Maliki school of thought. Maliki school of thought is practiced in countries like Sudan and in some other North African countries. A number of contemporary jurists who have played an important role in Sharia development of Islamic banking and finance, they actually have been subscribers to the Maliki school of thought. In addition to this one, as I mentioned, there are other schools of thought, especially in Sharia tradition, Jafri school of thought and Zedi school of thought. Jafri's, they are found in countries like Pakistan, Iran and to some extent in Iraq as well, and the Zedi school of thought is found in countries like Yemen. So all these schools of thought, they have relevance to Islamic banking and finance. One thing which I must clarify that Islamic banking and finance takes implications from all these schools of thought. Islamic banking and finance is not associated with only one school of thought. So we cannot say that Islamic banking and finance is being influenced by Hanafi school of thought only or it is influenced by the Shafi school of thought. In fact, through Islamic banking and finance, there is convergence of Islamic legal thought and many people would say that this is a very positive development in Islamic intellectual and legal thought.


Tansana, welcome, your former advisor to Prime Minister Atayama in Japan, and now your attorney at law for Joe's days. Tell me, you've been talking on a panel about the global enterprises, isn't there an automatic tension between globalization and the perceived national origin of a company? Have you got partners? For example, if you take Apple. People think of Apple as an American corporation, but it is everywhere in the world. Does that pose a problem for regulators and also for Apple itself, or Google or Facebook or whatever? I don't think so. Well, yes, I told this in the panel. The data protection issue is getting very much tensed. In particular in Europe, because of the maybe initiated by the Snowden case, many people are concerned about the privacy and the data protection issue. That is the same thing in Japan. The Japan has right away changed the data protection or privacy protection act. So now it's almost a similar standard to Europe, to the United States about that. So there's a way of resolving this? Yes, but in many cases, Europe is more serious about such a data itself can be used to buy some way the national security, SNA, and so on, this is of the United States. That is not the really well-perceived in Japan publicly. So the more what is a simple privacy issue is now discussed, but the global transferring the data into the one country to another is not really the issue in Japan yet. You've been on this very interesting panel, but what do you find interesting about the World Policy Conference itself? Well, I had the opportunity to participate in this World Policy Conference since Marrakech, so that's a third edition I think, and I found compared with some other, the International Conference, the World Policy Conference itself is very much quietly discussing very much important issue. So of course networking is important, but at the same time real, the plenary sessions discussion itself is very much educative for us, for me. The main issue is because this is bilingual between French and English, I do learn a lot of the something, the Middle East issue, which is more related to Europe than the Asia, the far East, like Japan. So the two understand what is really going on, this in daily life and so on. It's very, very much educative for us. Very nice to hear. Tatsano, thank you so much for being with us.