This study examined the perception and experience of patients and community members who use Mahalla clinics in Delhi, India. It found that proximity, waiting times, perceived quality of treatment and cleanliness at facilities are important factors influencing patient visits. Additionally, lack of first aid facilities and long waiting times at some clinics were identified as challenges. To increase utilisation, it is recommended that publicity and awareness campaigns should be implemented and data should be regularly analysed to identify any issues that may arise. This article was authored by Nitish Virmani, Ishan Mittal and Chandrakant Lahariya.


Hi friends, I welcome you all to another session on quadratic equation actually it's you can't really say that it's a session on quadratic equation we are because we are going to discuss today something called infinitly extending nested radicals nested radicals okay what is a nested radical so if you see here it is under root 6 plus under root 6 plus under root 6 plus and it is going on till infinity now this kind of radical is called infinitly extending nested radical general form of the same general form of the same will be n plus under root n plus under root n plus one and so forth right so basically we are going to try and find the value of this yeah and interestingly the value comes out to be in such cases in many cases actually the value comes out to be a rational number that's surprising is it so it looks like it's a irrational number but the value comes out to be rational let's check how and how quadratic equation knowledge is going to help us find the value in fact the famous mathematician Ramanujam also invested a lot of time in infinitely extending nested radicals and he has given lots of theorems around it so but here we will be keeping it simple and let's try to find out the value so I am going to assign a variable x and I'm going to call this as also the value which is expected to be found out I am assigning that to a variable x okay now the best part of a nested variable is whether you because it's extending till infinity so the value of the entire nested radical and the value within it you know these two right so hence if you if you really call it x you can expect or you can you know rewrite it as 6 plus x itself why because you see this thing itself you defined as x and since it is it is happening only because it is extending till infinity so hence this item as a whole you defined as x so hence I can write x equals under root 6 plus x and then that's the simple you know how to deal with such equations so you square both sides you'll get x square is equal to 6 plus x and this becomes x square minus x minus 6 equals 0 so hence there are two roots again so x square minus 3x plus 2x minus 6 equals 0 so this is xx minus 3 plus 2x minus 3 equals 0 right so hence what is this this is nothing but x minus 3 times x plus 2 equals 0 right so finally what will the value of x be x is 3 or x is minus 2 so now we are going to reject this value x equals to minus 2 because root square root of anything is has been defined as positive so whenever we say square root of 4 we mean 2 and never minus 2 isn't it so don't get confused so whenever you see this root 4 you should write 2 and never minus 2 then you will say how come because minus 2 square is also 4 but that comes from here so if you write x square is equal to 4 then you can write x equals to plus minus 2 when you're solving this equation but somewhere if root 4 is given only value is 2 and never write this as minus 2 so here also we'll reject this value so x is 3 okay so hence root of 6 plus root of 6 plus root of 6 plus infinite such radicals is equal to 3 isn't it interesting that something which was looking or appearing to be a irrational number ends up being a rational number yep so actually if you see this is a concept of limit so hence as here as it goes towards infinity the value tends to the value 3 and hence this is a limiting value of this particular nested radical right you can generalize this actually right so how to generalize so if you see if you have this n plus under root n plus under root n plus so on and so forth till infinity the value and hence yeah you have to be careful that here n is greater than 1 so if n is greater than 1 I'm sorry n is greater than 0 not 1 so n has to be a positive quantity so if n is a positive quantity n is positive quantity then what will happen you this value will be nothing but half times 1 plus under root 1 plus 4 n okay you can check right now what was n n was 6 so in n is 6 so this value will be nothing but half into 1 plus under root 1 plus 24 4 times 6 24 right so which is nothing but half times 1 plus 5 and hence it is 3 so it matches isn't it so this is how so hence this is a generalized form so please remember next time when you come across such kind of a thing you please remember this result is it fine so this is what is called nested radical more on nested radical can be found out in a video session under radicals section


Dad, did you ever think or realize that I would earn this my first year in the insurance industry? Actually, I did. I know you had the talent. I know you had the drive, and I actually did. At what point did you realize? Because I remember some things we did, and we'll get to that as we're going to talk through how this became a reality, some behind the scenes, some stories, some things happened along the way. Some could take this very arrogantly. I'm telling you, I'm only showing you the $117,361.13, because you can have it too. It wasn't something special about me, but at what point did you realize he can actually do this? You made me believe myself as a kid, like no one in his business, by the way. I owe a lot of credit to you and Mom for the confidence, the internal confidence that I've always had. But at what point did you actually realize, okay, he's going to do this? I think it was when you first started. We had a lot of new agents when you first started, and a lot of agents were setting their cubicles, and they'd make a phone call, and then they'd wait four or five minutes, make another phone call, wait a few more minutes. They'd go and take 90 minutes, 120 minute lunches. They'd show up at 9.30, leave at 3.30, because they were independent. They could kind of come and go as they pleased, and so the drive just wasn't there. And with you, it just became a passion. And to where when you first started, I remember this like it was yesterday, and I wish it was yesterday.  And he said, I'm going to pay them $10 in an appointment. I think that was a number, and I'm going to buy them pizza. And so next thing I know, there's eight or 10 guys in the office, and they're all making dials for you, setting appointments for you. And then a situation to where that started occurring. And then it was just a weekly passion for you to, hey, not only a weekly passion, but a daily goal for you to make sure you made at least one sell every single day. And most days multiple, but never satisfied if you didn't make a sell that day. But, and then like when, you know, and you started doing auto dollars, you started just, you were thinking outside the box so much bigger than the average person was thinking outside the box. And so I could just, from that standpoint, anytime I see a person that has the passion they think outside the box, there's just no way they can fell in this industry. If they've got some talent to think outside the box, and they've got passion about what they do, they're going to succeed and succeed at a high level, which is exactly what you did. So, thanks. Yeah, I mean, think about that. Okay, he's given you the ingredients of what you need to do day in and day out to be successful, right? To have the passion, put in the freaking work with the drive. Okay, think outside the box, be creative, and then do whatever it takes, right? Within ethical reason. And I remember it's one other little quick little thing I remember, you know, real, real vividly, is if you had an appointment, you know, you may have an appointment two hours away, and but it was your only appointment that day. And so you would print off a list of individuals and for that, for that area, and you'd call that area before the appointment and see if you could set up more. But if you didn't, you still went to that appointment and then you would just door knock every person in that, you know, apartment complexes, senior centers, regardless of what it is, you were knocking doors like crazy. And to where most people, you know, not only do they not want to co-call, which you were co-calling a lot, and they sure aren't going to walk on a strange, knock on a stranger's door.   You did a lot of things to drive activity and a lot of people just don't do that. Yeah, so true. Okay. So the question is, will you do whatever it takes when you learn what it takes? Okay. And a lot of times people will blame others. And you've always taught me, man, you got accepted responsibility. If it's meant to be, it's up to you. And you determine your success, which is why we actually entered in this little contract. If you want to call it that. We did. I remember it.  You will earn 100 grand, and you will make the top trip with the company we're with. Yeah. I remember you telling me that you want to make 100 grand. I said, well, if you'll make 100 grand, put it in writing.  And I said, sign it. And so the next thing I know about, I don't know, 10, 12 minutes later, you bring me a contract where you had written it out. And you had already signed it. And you had the district sales manager sign it. You were on the first line, the district sales manager on the second line. I wish you still had that. And I'm getting goosebumps just thinking about this story. And then the third line was for me to sign. And because I was a general manager at that time. And so anyway, so I told Cody, I said, look, if you want to make it a reality, you know, you can say something, but if you want to make it a reality, put it in writing. That's right. And so what you did was you put it in writing, you had all of us sign it, you hung it on your cubicle. And you worked out of a cubicle at that time. And so the first thing that Cody saw every single day when he walked into that, you know, cubicle was the commitment he had made to himself and to the district sales manager and to me. Yeah. How important is it for those watching to make those kind of commitments and big claims and put stuff in writing and to really make commitments about what they are going to accomplish. Most people think, well, it's probably a little cheesy to like, write out a contract and sign it and hang it up on the wall and all that. But to me, it was like, that was the target. That was the goal. You've always taught me that you just do whatever it takes and you hit it. Okay. It don't matter how much you got to work. You've always said you can work. You can work a half a day and be successful. You choose, there's 24 hours you choose which 12 hour period you work. And you still do that today, by the way. So, I mean, when you think through that, what would you say, okay, as an agent, here's the things that you need to do. And it sounds like committing and having a target and actually having a goal is a great start. It is. So a lot of people will say, a lot of people say, hey, I want to make $100,000. I want to do this. I want to make this trip. But it's just all talk. There's no action. There's no commitment. There's no drive. There's no passion. There's no commitment to others. And so what I did, I worked for Mutual for 13 years, never missed a trip one time ever. And the only general manager that never missed a present circle in the history of the company, the only one ever to not miss one. And it was a situation where when I went back, when those trips started, I made a commitment to my wife, hey, honey, I'm taking you on this trip. Because I didn't want to let her down. Because obviously the trips were extremely nice. So I've always been one. I love writing goals down. I love writing down. I love making commitments to others because it holds you accountable. For those that you care for and those that, with the commitment you made that day, I knew without a doubt you were going to hit it. But we monitored and measured it and you did hit it. Because I was watching it along the way. And I came to you and said, hey, Cody, you made this commitment. Falling behind. So you made this commitment. And so I just think it goes back to anything that we really, really want in life. We can get it. We can have it. 100%. And we just got to be willing to pay the price for it. But paying the price sometimes, it's always well worth it. Totally. Once it happens, it's like, holy, freaking man, I wish I'd have done this quicker. Because you've always had a lot of belief in your ability to pull stuff off. You've had a lot of wins along the way. And as you get wins, you get confidence. For someone out there that doesn't have the confidence or the belief in themselves, or they're like, the problem, too, is people are saying, I want to make 100k. Not I will. There's a big difference there. So what would you say to someone that doesn't have the personal confidence they need, but they want to earn this their first calendar year in the industry? I would say a couple of things. Number one, you have to have a belief that you can do it. And you have to make that commitment. But you also have to, you need to find the greatest person in the world, I think, my personal belief is a person who has a ton of passion, talent, but they think outside the box. And that person, like you were thinking outside the box with the dollar, before the dollar was popular. You know, you were thinking outside the box with the college guys coming in to do the call nights and knocking doors and all those type things. And so you just thought outside the box and did things that other people didn't want to do. But I really think that people think outside the box. And so as an example, like anytime that if you have passion what you do and you're thinking outside the box and you have a system in place and a process, and you have a mentor, someone that mentors you, you know, someone that can help you get to the next level, it is not hard. It is not hard to do. It's just you've got to make that commitment to do it. And I just, I think it kind of goes back to the passion, the commitment and really the thinking outside the box, you know, just because there's so many people in this world making so much money it's unbelievable. And they all do it in different ways. What works for one person may not work for another, but you have to find out what works for you.  At least thousands. Yeah, helping them develop, you know, what works for them, the system, the process, the, you know, the presentations that works for them. And they don't all do it the same way. Not at all. Yeah, I mean, we didn't do it the same way. No. You know, which was okay. You know, everyone's built different. Yeah, we're, ourselves is totally. I even ourselves style. Ourself style, the way we built our business, everything is totally different. So. Yeah.  And you've wouldn't, your personality wouldn't do this, frankly, it would not. No. Right. However, that's where you got to find your own way though. You know, so one thing I've noticed too, is with you specifically, and that I learned from, is not only like waking up, committing to what I'm going to do, but staying focused throughout the day. And there's a lot of insurance agents that just lose focus from time to time. That commitment that we made, that made this whole thing possible right here, made me show up and be focused on what I was going to do.  Okay. I got to do this, this, this and this, right. And I did the math and ran the numbers. I even went to our sales manager back then and said, we should get a board for the whole office. And we did. And before you know it, everyone's putting their numbers up on the board and you're visually tracking them and seeing your success.  There's not a chance of that happening. Right. And you always tell me, hey, you make a sell a day, you'd be all right. You know, because most insurance agents just don't make 100 cells in a year. I made a few hundred. You made like 460 or something, your first calendar year. Yeah. So one of the things I remember that you did a lot is every single night before you left the office, you always write down your to-do list, your goals, and what you have to get accomplished the next day. I remember that like it was yesterday. I remember every single day before you left the office and that would be sitting on your desk when you walked in the door the next day. For example, I remember years had, I'm going to knock 40 doors in this particular city. I'm going to call 112, 120 people, whatever it is, from this list here. And then you always had a list of exactly what you're going to accomplish the next day. But one of the things that's really, really always impressed me with Cody is him and I are a lot alike, but a lot different. We are a lot alike, but a lot different. True. And we've developed our businesses completely in different styles, which I'm, because what I really love about it is is that you've been very successful in your own way, not copying me in any way. It's been totally you. And we both have the same passion, the drive, the commitment to excellence and to succeed, but the way we do our business. And I'm just saying that forever be out there is just, you don't have to be Brian, you don't have to be Cody. You can be yourself. The best version of you is you, you know. Totally. And you don't have to replicate Cody, you don't have to replicate me. You can use some things from me, you can use some things from Cody, but it's you and if we're our best person, that's where we're going to be the happiest. We've got to be happy in what we do. We've got to have a commitment in what we do. We've got to love what we do. And we've got to, and if we ever get to the point to where we are truly, truly, truly doing what's in the best interest of the client in every situation, we'll never have to worry about the next client. It just don't have to worry about it. I remember you too. I love that you said that by the way. I remember too, me getting calls from, I think I got a call from like a manager in like Wyoming or Minnesota or somewhere, like okay, or you did. I got a call wanting to go help some agents in Northern Missouri and you had some managers in Mississippi and other places like that, or you would talk about the week I had on the agency call, which I'm sure sometimes people got tired of, but like when you were getting some of those calls, like I remember you saying, hey, I had a manager call me from California or somewhere saying, dude, what the freak is this kid doing? You remember some of those? I got a lot of those calls and so it's a blessing and a, not a curse, but it's a blessing. It's good and bad both when your son works with you and so my son came in after I had been the interest business for 20 years or whatever it was and I was a general manager at Mutual at the time and so you come in, you're happy with your college year. You're playing basketball full-time on the basketball team at Baptist School of College. And so I remember that you made this commitment and all of a sudden just the cells exploded. I mean, you just, you became a very determined individual to hit that achievement there. And so some people took it that Brian was giving him business. Brian never gave him a single piece of business. You know, that just didn't happen and Cody can verify that. You know, I didn't give him, he didn't get any special leads. He didn't get anything, you know, and then and other people realized that how hard his work and how much he was thinking outside the box with the phone callers, with the doctor knocking the doors, with the list, with, you know, all the dollars, all the different things that you were doing, which other people weren't doing. But it was a situation to where you were just so determined to hit that number and you just, you thought outside the box so much, but. Yeah, well, thank you. It's, I owe, I mean, yeah, you may not give me a business, but you gave me a lot of other stuff that helped this become a reality and everything else we're doing today become reality. So thank you for sharing a few minutes and talking through this in closing. What's a few things if an agent's out there and they're like, man, I want this. How do they get it? So a few things here. Number one, I've trained a lot of agents. I mean, hundreds if not thousands of agents over my career and the ones who succeed the most are the ones, and this is something to where it's going to hit home with some of y'all, unfortunately, to where your spouses aren't sold on your career and to where, you know, your spouses are negative about your career and so forth. And that's a tough gig. And so that's the one thing that I've seen people fail probably at the most. And so you need the people that depend on you to be behind you. And if you're, you know, if you're listening to this and your spouse is in this business, get behind your spouse. I think that's one of the big things is that is to have some support, you know, and, you know, like, you did all this, all of this on your own.  Business minded. Business minded and, you know, et cetera. So, you know, obviously that didn't hurt anything. Definitely. But I think that if you really, really want to be successful in this business, you got to have a belief that you can do it. You got to have a system of process. And if we can help anybody, we'd love the opportunity to help you. But, you know, and I used to think I can make anybody successful. I stopped believing that and because I can't, they have to have belief in themselves. That's right.    So, thanks, man. You need people around you that believe in you. Okay. Your circle matters. Your mentors matters. People that believe. You have to have people around you to believe in you. Right. My dad always has. My mom always has. Lauren always has. You know, I'm sure my sisters did along the way too. Right. You need people along the way that believe in you. Okay.  Right. They can always say that they can tell how successful person is by the top five people that they hang out with. Right. And then are around them. Why? Because how you talk to yourself matters, that belief in yourself matters. You chasing a dream or a goal or a target or whatever it is. Okay. You need people around you that are speaking positivity into your life because I'm telling you, the number one thing Brian Tracy says this, and I learned a ton of from him as an early agent too, is that number one thing a sales person, every great sales person has is personal confidence. Okay. So hopefully this will give you some personal confidence. You'll start thinking outside the box. Okay. Thank you for spending a few minutes with us. Okay. Appreciate that. That's a lot of fun. Go get this. Hey, if you enjoyed this, I got another one. You're going to love it. It's right there. Click on it. See you in there. All right, ladies and gentlemen, I'm extremely excited to jump out and interview an absolute powerhouse in the insurance industry. Miss Leslie Schofield. What's up Leslie? Hey, hey, hey. Happy to be here. Thank you so much for being a part of this.


The study presents a novel hydrogel scaffold for in vivo-catalyte regeneration, which exhibits ultra-durable mechanical properties and stage-dependent drug release behavior. The hydrogel can withstand 28,000 loading-unloading cycles, has fast-shape memory at body temperature, alleviates inflammation and regulates oxidative stress in situ, and promotes the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the scaffold for chondrocyte differentiation and full-thickness cartalyte regeneration.


The Ensar's memorial of Wednesday was filled with the good, the bad and the ugly. Young people came out to protest, police arrested demonstrators and tear gas journalists and the federal government debunked reports of killings at the Lecky Toe Plaza. We'll be talking about all of it today and ask the question, has anything changed one year after? We'll also take a look at the papers, like always. An analyst would be joining us this morning for that. Good morning to you, thanks for joining us on a Thursday morning here on PLOS TV Africa. It's the breakfast and I am Osaugi Ogmama. Good morning. And I am Messia Boppu. Good morning. Of course, with all the drama yesterday, we have a lot to talk about concerning the Ensar's protest and the memorial really and the events from yesterday, the reactions from people who were on ground, journalists and of course the police. And we very likely will be speaking with some of those people who witnessed a lot of the happenings yesterday. The big question really is, has anything changed? And I'm sure you already know the answer to that. But of course we'll be having people join us to share their views on what really is different between the last one year since the Ensar's protest in 2020 and where we are today in 2021. But we'll start with the top trending stories and of course just share, the conversation still continues with regards to police brutality and the respect for the rights of the Nigerian. For everyone who followed the events of yesterday and saw pictures, saw videos for people who were on ground at the Leckito Plaza, there's so much that happened yesterday. And it felt opening up old wounds. I saw a lot of the views and a lot of the reactions from people online who basically were saying about the same thing, that it doesn't seem like anything whatsoever is different about the way that the Nigerian police sees its citizens. And I saw a person ask that question, how the Nigerian police doesn't understand in any way the responsibility that it has. And it always seems, it always positions itself as anti people. And that's really what it is. The Nigerian police officers always see themselves as anti people. They're almost never feeling like they're responsible for the lives and for the protection of the people that they are called to serve. And they've continued to be that way. And one year after the Ensar's protest, from my analysis, absolutely nothing has changed. Definitely. Nothing has changed. We now have the, I'm not sure what group that is, LNCS, LN, the guys wearing purple shirts and brown trousers, it seems like they joined the fight yesterday.  That's because the same reason Nigerians took to the streets to protest, we kind of saw a reputation or the reason why they went on the street in the first place. So I felt like, you know, no lessons learned at all. It felt like all of the things that we have been talking about, we have just been blabbing, if I would like to put it. It feels like we've just been making a hell of a noise and no one is listening.  Why do you use Turkish and the people? The only time that would happen, because they do have a right to gather, they do have a right of association. And the only time that right, you know, would be taken from them is when the constituted nuisance that would translate into destruction of lives and properties. But that has never been the case. So ironically, like I always say, one would expect that the police would be there to ensure that those who are protesting are protected and that other elements would not hijack the protest. Rather, you find that that people, you find that those who should protect the protesters are the ones harassing. And it's crazy that the people who should protect the protesters, you know, turn out to be the reasons the protesters are even out on the streets in the first place. Because the people who have been paid, who have taken a vow to and and sworn to serve the people, you know, have now become the oppressors and become, you know, the ones that people are protesting against.   It says, why the Nigerian police sees themselves as oppressors of the people is beyond me. How can your entire setup and MO be anti-people? Who led you to believe the force in your title is reserved for the people? How can we reorientate the police to be for the people? And that's really what it is. And this, you know, transcends from the top to the bottom, you know, from the commission of police all the way down to what are these people called the LNCS, LNSC. Let's see if I can find the leg of state neighborhood agency. I'm not even sure who those people are. But I know I've seen those. Yeah, people in our society, I mean, they're still part of the country. They're still part of the system. But I'm not sure exactly what their responsibility is. And if they're meant to be a part of the policing system, I've seen those uniforms and I've seen them every now and then, junctions, Admiralty gate entrance there and some of all of that. But I'm not sure why. And that's is one of the things that disgust me and irritates me the most. Why do you have people who are not even police officers enforcing dragging people into into black maria's and those police ones? And these are, once again, the leg of state neighborhood agency. Who are they? And it is mind blowing, the level of authority and the level of inhumane character that the Nigerian has, immediately you give the Nigerian a uniform. Once you dress a Nigerian in a in any sort of uniform, they immediately and as long as it has anything to do with security or anything, they immediately see themselves as oppressors. Those LSNC, you know, guys where I mean, you could have missed them in the drama that happened yesterday. They were a part of the whole process. You're not even in the police force. You're not even I'm not even sure who you are in the first place. That's one angle. And I saw people saying to you yesterday that, okay, the LSNC has joined the battle.  They put out a statement. I'm just going to quickly share. It says the management of the leg of state neighborhood agencies has summoned its officers, captured, struggling with fellow arrested in viral video emanating from the scene of the ENSA's anniversary. In the aftermath of the incident, the general manager of the agency, Prince Ifalade Oyecon, decried the conduct of the officers as he believed it was below the standard operating procedure of the agency, especially as it affects the protocol of arrest. As an agency striving to meet the role of the themes, agenda of the governor of the state, the agency will not condone any form of indiscipline or actions capable of bringing it to disrepute. While it will, as a socially responsible management, give the officers opportunity for fair hearing. Consequently, the officers will face an internally or rather internal orderly trial to determine their culpability in the said event and be dealt with if found guilty. So maybe we'll get into a conversation about how you don't even need to investigate further because video evidence is right there of what they did. Yesterday, when I actually saw that video, I was really emotional. And of course, I shed a few tears, really, really sad. Now, it brings us back to the fact that in the course of discharging our duties, first of all, one would expect that the Nigerian police force should understand what the Constitution talks about. I mean, I really do not understand because we all know that we are, I mean, for every state, for every organization, there is a rule book. And for Nigeria, the Constitution is that book. We should abide and obey what is written in the Constitution. So for me, I really don't understand if they don't understand what the Constitution says or they are just deciding to act. I think it is just a complete disrespect for, you know, the rule of law and disrespect for whatever the Constitution says because they, you know, didn't get into the police force to respect the Constitution. They got into the police force to be oppressors and to wear that uniform and to carry guns and whatnot. So it's not a lack of understanding. It is a disregard for whatever it is. And a disregard because the people on top and talking from the inspector general all the way down will somehow, somewhere always take sides. You see the legal say commission of police coming, you know, on live television to say that the people who were tear gassed were hoodlums who came to hijack or came to destroy, you know, some of all of that.  I actually saw that statement and, you know, because he generated a lot of conversation in different spaces. And my concern was we had the plus TV team on ground. Could he also mean that, you know, the people who went there, I mean, the crew, the reporter and the camera man? So I think they obviously know what they're doing. And when they make these statements, you know, it's, you know, to defend their actions. And it doesn't matter if they have to lie to defend their actions, they lie. It is wild how people were arrested yesterday for carrying the Nigerian flag. It tells, it really just tells you the level of mental illness that exists in our society and with these persons and the reason that they are out on the streets. It's not to protect, it's not to serve. It is also crazy. And it's important to state that in all your state there was a protest yesterday. But these protesters were guarded by the police. They were escorted by the police. This is an all your state that has a governor, Shai Makimdi, compared to other states that also try to protest. And so there's, you can see a clear difference between what the, what the governance energy is, you know, your state and what it is in Lagos and what it is in Abuja. The police were there with the protesters. They had their memorial. They had their candlelight procession later in the evening. They did everything peacefully. The police was there. They escorted and they drove along with these protesters. That's what it's obtained. That's what it should be. But it's a completely, people are arrested yesterday for carrying the Nigerian flag. There's a video of an Uber driver who kept saying that. That's the one that got my attention. That's the one that got my attention.  The fact that we continue to enthrone impunity. We continue to enthrone lawlessness. We continue to act, you know, like rascals. We continue to act like people without a government, without a law. It is totally shameful. And I'm hoping that, you know, we get to a point where we understand not even in the cost of discharging your duties, we should behave like civil people. So let's even assume you're going to arrest, you know, and force an arrest. How do you even go about it? Because sometimes I just ask myself, why do we treat people like animals? I'm sure that the dogs would do better. Really? I don't know. But it's really, really sad. And I'm hoping that, you know, we get to a point where we really, really understand that this is a democratic dispensation and that every state in every country is governed by the constitution, especially in a democratic, and then there should be respect for the law, what the law says. And if you find people who are transgressing, there should be brought to book. People should be made to, no, I really don't understand because it feels like it's a hopeless situation. So when you find a situation that you find protesters, who says this guy's can get out on the street? I can protest. And just yesterday, just to chip this in, I mean, it wasn't like, because I was trying to monitor where the protest was, you know, in different parts. And of course if I was a different thing entirely, but to even also notice that those who are protesting, I mean, those who clean the roads were also protesting yesterday. And at the end of the day, you have police force, you have members of the Nigerian police force, you know, putting tear gas. How do you demanding for their pay? People protest. No, it's really, really, it's really, really sad. I think I saw that story. If the people protest, you know, because of, you know, they, they might be paying pensions or they've not been paid salaries for months, they get tear gas in Nigeria. It's, we would have these discussions today. And of course, I'm sure you already know the answer to the question as anything changed. But that's what we'll be talking about today. Some other thing, of course, that is part of our top turn stories this morning is from the Minister of Information, Lime Mohammed, who says that CNN, DJ Switch, and I'm listening to this international, I believe, should apologize to the Nigerian government, you know, because they basically put out false narrative that it was a massacre at the Lekhi Toh Plaza on the 20th of October in 2020. And, you know, I've also gotten to hear in a lot of reactions, so there's a lot of inhalaries about people mostly have said that a government that refuses to own up, to accept, you know, responsibility will never be a held accountable or never allow itself to be held accountable. And this transcends in every single ramification, in every single sphere of the Nigerian state. Once the government fails, you know, to accept responsibility for anything, they will never, you know, allow themselves to be held accountable. It includes them. The Zaria massacre, which I also saw trend in yesterday, you know, in the Katharina State, it includes every single time that the Nigerian government has failed to protect the lives and property of its citizens. There's reports by Fisayo Cheyong, who is called a portraits of blood and tears, I think. There's also reports by the VBC. There's reports by CNN's Stephanie Boussari, that I saw a couple of days ago also, that basically tell and show testimony of people who said that they were there. They saw that people actually died. They saw dead bodies. They saw people were shot in their chest. There's a guy who was even part of the videos that we saw yesterday who said he was shot in his chest. He survived. He was his vlogger. He survived and he was out again yesterday. And he stated the things that he saw on that night. The guest that we had yesterday, who was a legal practitioner for the Ansarist protesters, also stated that they interviewed people. They spoke with many, many people who said that, yes, they actually did see that people died, but it was a problem getting these people to testify and their shanties were threatened to even stay silent at any time. And so I don't expect the Niger government to own up because they would never agree to be held to account as to the loss of lives of the Nigerian because the Nigerian government doesn't understand the value of the Nigerian life. Now, so at the end of the day, it just brings us to, it brings to mind the fact that there's a total disconnect that the government, the people who we elected, however, to represent our interests, there seemed to be a disconnect or there is a disconnect with the government and the people. Because when I saw that report in my mind, I'm like, what is really going on? Are we still in the same Niger? What are we talking about with all of the news, with all of the information, with all that is on? I mean, yesterday I guess as we had on the breakfast yesterday, he did mention the fact that even when the police were trying to leave in denial, they were saying, oh, we weren't really there. We were at the station and all of that. Their own records, you know, gave them out. So with all of this, how do you steal? It's really sad. It's a walk in progress. You know, and like, you know, one of the people that we spoke with, I think two days ago, it's at the ENSA's, you know, campaign and the demand for police accountability has come to stay and it will, you know, continue to be a thing that would be spoken about until there is some level of accountability and responsibility by the Nigerian state and the Nigerian police. Now, one thing that I must really say is the fact that gradually we're moving away, we're drifting away from that, you know, particular perception that we have of Nigerians as very docile people, people who are quiet and don't get to speak. Although some courtes will say, yes, we're not getting the number or we're not getting the kind of engagement that we want, but I think that this is actually fair. It's good that the Nigerian people are beginning to get involved in the space and in governance and I'm hoping that, you know, that definitely keep the same energy. A lot more needs to be done. My dad just texted me to say that I'm being too emotional. It's fine. Love you to that. Stay with us. We'll take a short break. When we come back, we're going to off the press to share with you the major stories, making headlines across the papers this morning. And Mr. Ezekiel, in the air talk, will be joining us once again. Good morning.


I've been doing this roughly for 20 years. I just to explain shortly what that means I don't predict the future. I observed the future Basically, I look at the next five to seven years and try to figure out how we can incorporate what we see in the future into today And the topic today is really a dear topic to me the topic of food and a healthy future I'm a hobby cook. I love to cook every day when I'm at home if I'm at home. I Traveled too much for that, but I have a strong connection to food So I want to get started with this and dive right in there on the first one is a really important slide the last three years Everywhere I speak I get feedback from people saying that the future is probably going to be bad It's really interesting at various largely by country like in Holland not as bad for example also not in Switzerland, but Germany US People saying well the future will be bad because first climate change not the Americans but us right say climate change is bad the machines are coming The robots are coming AI is coming and they will take our work first and then they will kill us So 2050 game over and exponential change. You know, this is the key American phrase That you hear everywhere everything has to be exponential But of course the most important thing is exponential profit right not just exponential gain So lots of people are worried about the future But as Hans already said I Think the future is better than we think If you look at the facts the client of property just quick here life expectancy increasing global child mortality decreasing declining cost of solar panels Solving energy planning cost of batteries long list long list long list What we're here in media is That we're probably going to do really bad in the future But if we look at the present we can already say well It's actually getting a lot better The only problem of course is that these problems are not necessarily of technical nature You know technology solves certain kinds of problems, but not others What has happened in the last ten years with the internet? We've solved many problems like free phone calls great music You know ten year was for 21 million songs. That's all been great But we haven't solved social problems Inequality the the difference in income And divine Dividing line between the half and have nots. I mean clearly that's going to be something that we have to solve differently We're moving into fully Digital future where it's basically going to be as normal as breathing is to be connected In ten years, we're going to have 30 from the estimated Ten billion people on the internet. We're going to have roughly 80% at very high speed 5g and others so we're going to have roughly nine billion people at fast speed connected all the time today at 3.6 And that makes a huge difference. I imagine they are all those things that we have today. That's going to be available globally So in my book, which I'll show you later called technology versus humanity. This is the key chapter number three You can download for free at mega shifts digital and ten languages But it's about this whole change of what's happening Which I used to call the Asians because they know the all end with Asian But basically it's not just digitization is virtualization, you know having things that are in virtual spaces This intermediation like what Amazon has done to to e-commerce mobilization Cognification which is basically things becoming smart Think about what that's going to go in the next ten years computers will become so smart We don't even know that they're going to be there that we're just going to speak to a wall and they're going to give us answers language translation driving cars flying airplanes automating work and Many of those things will be amazing Because they're going to take, you know, basically things that we don't really want to do and they're going to automate them Like, you know, now if you go to the airport at night that can Zurich closes at 12 It's not the people that come out to clear the airport. It's the bots And it's the bots that take your luggage So it's the changes that we're going to see are going to be mind-boggling here And that's something you should take a good look at impacting food I'll talk more about that in detail shortly, but here's a short video on this This is where they the robot comes in Does the cleaning or does the cooking I find this a lot of strange, you know why but okay so This is what's happening. I mean it could be heaven or it could be hell Many of those things will say, okay, that's really great the refrigerator can tell the grocery store that I'm out of milk That's amazing. You know, if you're lazy, that's good But maybe it's also a little bit maybe the the refrigerator could also lock the door if I'm on the diet In fact, there is a refrigerator from Samsung that does exactly this and That monitors your toilet too, right? I'm not going to go into details here But this is basically a two-way monitor where you could say So we're moving into a future where everything around us is becoming smart Everything is connected everything is being read the Internet of Things right so you just have the transformer We call it jokingly and you stick the old business in and out comes a new one right smart city smart home smart Retail smart transport smart food smart agriculture, maybe even smart government So that's what technology does now paperless office using apps You know everything online That's a good thing That only works really because we have in the end, you know this in the background We have a machine that learns patterns that understands things Some call it artificial intelligence. I would propose that we forget the word Because this is neither artificial. I mean all computers are artificial right and it's also not intelligent Not like us I mean we're intelligent in a pretty amazing way But we can't compete with computers on data input I Mean a computer can look at a real-time social media input of a hundred trillion feats and and find a pattern We can't do that But then can it find the pattern that's not a pattern Can it understand your message that you're not actually saying So when you have a conversation with humans, you know most of the stuff that we transport is actually not said It's between the lines We communicate like this, you know, not just in a binary way like yes. No. Yes, no We also don't live this way like computers do in a binary way. It's either a zero or it's a one Humans don't do that We said, I maybe you know change your mind. Maybe we lie. Maybe we cheat, you know Maybe maybe it's a zero point four now and zero point eight tomorrow. And you know, this is how we work It's called multinary So in the world like this where everything is smart, I think it's fantastic because yeah, it's efficient. I Mean with food and agriculture. Yeah, that's clearly going to be one of the big solutions but Think when we think about things like this The robots are coming everywhere. We say that's also quite good because Yeah, we used to have 90% of people working farming around the world now It's 2.1 or something like that Because we use machines that on the other hand, I would say riffing off Einstein Everything should be as smart as necessary, but not smarter In other words this a couple of things where I'm saying well, maybe this is a little bit too smart to be human to fit with us Do we have to put sort of a restrainer on it? Like we want artificial intelligence to do, you know, the all the donkey work for us You know the paperwork and the routine, but we don't want the AI to the side of somebody's going to stay in jail Or if you're going to have children or not Values ethics Those are important questions technology will not solve our political problems. Just because we have an AI Technology will just say well, so what these people die, you know, it's efficient That's not quite how we operate. This is really important for us to keep in mind. Let's talk about food And talk more about meat in a second 28% of the global pollution co2 is caused by agriculture Most of that by meat this meat not chickens so much and others but mostly beef And now we're living a world. We're connecting all of the beef, you know in Switzerland. We had we now have Radio frequency ID chips around the cows cost about a hundred thousand person per barn and Then the cows can go and milk themselves You know because because the milking machine comes automatically and and finds the target So now we're connecting everything, but I think it's really quite interesting to see that as far as the future is concerned. It's actually Happening as such a way where we say the future really is not an extension of the present. I Mean if you look at everything around us the future is unlikely to be at all like the present The music business where I worked for a long time Used to be about plastic distribution Now it's in the cloud Music is basically free That's 10 euros for 20 million socks, which is basically free Car companies today are saying well the future of the car is not to have a car To share the car to have a subscription to a car the Spotify for cars is coming. You may have heard Apple is rumored to announce a subscription to Apple products So you don't own it anymore. You just take whatever you want and food The future can't be like it is today 300 million tons of e40 whatever in our food Huge water problems Agriculture problems co2 problems So what I'm hoping for is this convergence of biology technology food and agriculture You could safely say that biology and technology are converging The next 10 years will really accelerate this in 20 years will be at the point to where we can actually program animals and humans Program in the sense of saying like I that that genome should not be active not in the sense of reprogramming, right? Chris McCastner and you heard about the operations and of course GMOs Do we want that is that actually good? This is a very big discussion. Of course, especially when it's about humans But this convergence is going to be very very positive for us in the larger sense for example in energy Technology can solve all of those problems piece by piece But then we have to apply some sort of governance to it. I mean if you're looking at these stats here Consider yourself lucky you're living in the biggest time of technological transformation in human history Because all the stuff I mean, you know, solar energy and battery-driven cars existed 50 years ago AI was tried 30 years ago But it's actually working today. I mean look at the boom of things that's coming energy storage all of those things The next 20 years will bring more change than the previous 300 years and Many people that I speak to saying well, you know, you lived in California too long With the superlatives and all those kind of things right? I'm saying there are 300 years ago industrial evolution Maybe World War two the atomic bomb But what's going to happen the next 20 years is that this you know what you use today?  You know, we love gas engines and make the sound and everything A huge chef coming. What does it mean for food? For agriculture for health. I mean the sky is a little bit down 20 years That's that's a long time. Let me show you they what I call the game changes. Okay The game chambers are nine things you can also find there in my book. There are nine things in here They're we need to know data the cloud the internet of things artificial intelligence quantum computing The blockchain 3d printing Virtuality and genome editing.  So here's a list for you to pin on your wall This is the result of the game changes data Connected everything cloud everything Anything can be computed now the idea of neuromorphic computing 3d computing is already here The next step is quantum computing, which means computers that have an average power a million times of my box that's sitting on the table over there So you can imagine in 10 years you will have unlimited computing power available at your fingertips in the cloud unlimited I'm talking about seriously unlimited. I mean today if you use a Device to scan your DNA. It takes a week cost a thousand euros In 10 years, I do it on here while I'm having a date If I were to date Takes four seconds and it's free So I can compare my DNA with yours to see if we're going to you know go on on the date Or not And do other things, you know, who knows what happens there? But so this is the advance of technology. I Mean all of those things are happening at the same time So consider yourself lucky because it's it's it's very empowering, but it's also very scary So we have to think about how do we react? In a world where food currently is not really connected. This is what's going to happen Everything that we know and technology is going to impact what we do with food and distribution How we eat where we eat what we eat why we eat There's only one thing about food. Of course, that's really interesting food is human Robots don't eat. They don't have to eat This is one inefficiency that we have humans We have to eat web to sleep. We have to you know do all those things. We're not machines And that's why I think food is so important when we think in this context You know, this is definitely going to happen already is happening the idea of reprogramming food animals and humans Because there's a big question about how we're going to supply the food and I have a big question mark I haven't really decided it's kind of like nuclear energy. You know, you can say, yeah, you know, it's Chernobyl Not so good But then we think about the future of having coal all in gas. It wouldn't we rather have nuclear fusion or solar energy? Big discussion. So, you know, we have these things like Chris Bacchazna and is going to revolutionize how we can actually Deal with things we're going to be able to program things Many questions that show up about ethics like, you know, we have these trends is quite clear to us He said we're gonna have to feed a lot more people But at the same time we have climate change issues and we're going to have less food How do we solve this? So that's something we're going to think about. Okay meat, I Call this the great meat challenge. This is where it gets personal. I'm not much of a meat eater. I Prefer not to eat meat all the time, especially not when I'm traveling But that happens generally when you get older, you know, I probably eat less meat But he has a big question, you know, the farmers were protesting in Holland a couple days ago About what's gonna happen with the co2 provision and the nitrate and all these things and now the question really is Can we find a future of meat where meat does not equal animals? I think it's coming. I Tasted the other day the impossible burger It's 2,000 euros a pound. So it was an expensive meal. I didn't pay for it though It tasted good just like a regular hamburger, which you know, you can say it tastes good or not Because it's actual meat from the lab. They call it from lab to fork without cruelty Clean meat. There's a company called clean meat that does this Right now is seriously expensive, but you can say yeah with the you know with the advent of technology I mean think about this years ago you would if you were roaming from Holland to Germany You'd pay like two or euros a megabyte of internet access, right? And what is it today like two gigs included? So think about that for food Bill Gates and Richard Branson who are investors in this they're saying well basically in 10 years. It'll be one-tenth of regular meat So imagine a city not necessarily in Europe, but let's say in the Middle East That has a very dry in a dry area You can have one house with a meat factory a lab That churns out the meat and then other house a high-rise for vertical forming 100,000 people fed and organic No water pollution no air pollution That's a gigantic business when you think about this. So look at this chart, right? Global meat consumption. I mean, of course, you said this is wildly optimistic You know that people would actually adopt cultured meat like this So in many ways when we think about the future we have to question our assumptions. I always say jokingly if you're not Worried then you're not thinking about the future enough and if you're not confused You're not thinking about the future enough because yeah, these things are all happening at the same time We really have to think this is what Richard Branson says about this, right? We will no longer need to kill any animals and all that meat will be either clean or plant-based Well, it's not going to be either or of course We know this but I mean you you can see what's happening. This is a two-year-old video clip from the World Economic Forum And about this and yeah You know, we used to doubt if we can have a self-driving car We used to doubt that our car battery lasts longer than 50 kilometers and now the next Tesla will go 500 kilometers In three years, we're going to have a 10,000-year-old car that goes 2,000 kilometers on one filling of electricity At that point we won't even have a car because we can just hop into one So it's going to really change our future in so many ways. So here's the farmers again To bring up a key point technology can do all these things But we have to keep up. We have to change the way that we're doing things We have to change our habits Talk about my own habit flying. I Fly to a hundred gigs a year And I go to Beijing for one day. I'm offset in the carbon, but yeah What if and I think this is quite likely in the near future You will pay as much for carbon offsetting than you pay for the airplane ticket That's coming. Maybe not quite in that dramatic proportion right now. It's like 50 cents, you know to go from Amsterdam to Zurich But clearly and we're gonna have to change our habits Farmers are saying they'll quit Which is not good So lots and lots of political social issues and we may see mandatory veganism In other words, just like you can't drive a car in the city anymore like a London and very soon It'll be forbidden to drive your regular car in a city Are we're going to be forced to say well if you want to eat meat, it'll be really expensive Go to New Zealand Where a pack of cigarettes is $65 And they want to bring it to a hundred People are still smoking But yeah, you think about that if you smoke a pack a day, that's kind of expensive So yeah, I think we're going to see those things in a much different way and on the flip side of this technology allows us abundance Think about the word abundance, you know überfluss in German, maybe Dutch also I think right Where you have so many things that you stop worrying about availability We have abundant music. We have abundant films. We have abundant books We have very soon abundant transportation Then we have abundant energy Will we have abundant food Using technology Like take water on the other side. Water desalination is really expensive today But the progress in water desalination is gigantic We can expect in 10 years. We can have not abundance That will be a little bit too hopeful. Yeah, but we'll have solved the water problem through desalination So here's a clip from the past Okay a scene from Star Trek That shows true abundance. I Wonder what else is on the menu? One pan fried catfish Smells like the real thing So the machine that prints your dinner that is science fiction But a machine prints ice cream today it prints a pizza It prints houses it prints hearts So parts of what we need will be printed in the future our shoes can be printed in the store Also too expensive today, but 10 years. Yeah, I mean there's consumer goods companies That are looking at printing ice cream on demand on the beach So you go to the beach and say I want my ice cream to be the following mix and put your name on it It prints it in real time Well, that's because it's mostly only chemicals in it. I guess it makes it easy So machines technology Is bringing abundance? Hard to believe today because we're we're sitting here saying well a lot of people are still starving They don't have water. They may not have toilets and all of these things, right? The post meat post oil world. I think it's technically feasible, but it requires a lot of governance Like what do people do that used to work there? And will we have new jobs on that note, I wouldn't be so pessimistic think about the past You know 10 years ago. We didn't have much social media Today with social media is media 21 million people work in social media Those jobs didn't exist 10 years ago What jobs are we going to see? Because of this that don't exist today Will there be enough jobs for everybody probably not Different discussion. I'll get back to that in a second But we're moving towards a new economic logic quite clearly if we're looking at the world economic risk chart This is terms of impact on the left nuclear war, of course But on the right this is our new normal and I Hans was I mentioned this earlier We need to become become comfortable with being uncomfortable That's the new normal. This is basically going to be like this and 10x 100x The future has extreme weather climate change natural disasters data fraud two big things right two sort of natural Emergencies one is climate change and the other one is human change And so that's something we have to think about you know, which way we're going with this because we can see on those charts clearly That GDP is is growing So in generally speaking we're making more money But all the negative effects are also growing on temperature sea level energy use energy we can solve Because we'll have the tech to create enough energy for lower prices the other things yeah That is going to be some heavy lifting and I think basically we can safely say today, you know if you listen to greater speak Business as usual is dead in the next couple years all companies in the field of food and health and everything around it Will live up to a new standard Is it sustainable? Is it circular? Is it good for people? Does it make money? You know, that's one of the concerns and Unilever procter and gamble and all these companies are now thinking about this You know, how can we make customized food and personalized food? What is the new business when the business of selling sort of you know huge mass markets is finished? to considerations Climate change the next 20 years. We're just going to have to put up with it and adapt That's going to cost trillions just to address this But then again, it's probably a big growth in jobs on that side of the equation in 20 years We can probably go back and fix it See you or to take and see who's who out Then the other thing is also kind of a pollution, right? digital pollution Human change Facebook The biggest digital polluter you can imagine Polluting our minds. I left Facebook last year because of that reason. I stopped speaking at Facebook events Because this is a this is a real problem Right, we're now going to world where we have the one pollution is is co2. The other pollution is data That's something we have to think about when we think about human change and where that's going back to the climate change component here Looking at this graph. It's quite clear This is United Nations climate change panel information The southern hemisphere is in real trouble when the temperature rises and it is So here's a shocker number between 150 and 300 million climate refugees by 2050 Talking about immigration problems, right? Yeah, I mean a couple of hundred thousand a couple of million people We're talking about almost 300 million if the temperature goes up four degrees. Basically, you can't live there anymore Shocking number, but then again We're going to see dramatic adaptation measures and this discussion is just now starting We're going to see measures that says okay. No more cruise ships Co2 on airplanes no cars in cities mandatory charge to eat meat Unimaginable today because yeah, that's not free capitalism, right? It's not But what choice do we have? That's going to trouble charge information. We'll move it to a new logic. I call this sustainable capitalism This is not socialism by the way, just in case you're thinking of this direction This is an idea of saying we have four principles people planet purpose and prosperity There was a book was called the triple bottom line, which is very similar. You should read Now for the first time ever there was a CEO around table a couple weeks ago in the US Where the CEOs of major companies have announced that in the future it will no longer be just about shareholder value Of course, it may be whitewashing or greenwashing if you watch, right? Yeah, it could be Robert F. Kennedy said this in 1968 GDP GNP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile It is utterly useless for us to think about growth and profit and money When we have no place to enjoy and this is doon and dawning on people now There's this idea of saying okay, where are we going with this again? What I would say about this, you know, this is a new trend that we're going to see we're going to see a new stock market This would be a great idea for Holland Let's create a stock market only for companies that adhere to the four bottom lines Like we have Nasdaq for tech Let's have the quadruple P deck Index for companies who are on that agenda so I can invest I Think that's gonna be a good idea Let me talk about the future of work and then we're gonna have some questions later also with hunts Okay, really what's happening is that yeah, this is a number one topic intelligent machine Again forget about the word AI The fact that machines can learn and become smart and are no longer stupid I mean I can use this very soon There's a rumor that you can you can use whatsapp and you can have a real-time translation on whatever you've spoken into it So you speak a little message to whoever like we all do right, but then you can say convert the Chinese Is that gonna be taken the translators out of business? You know, where are they over there? Not really, but yeah, I mean it's a gradual thing. AI is going to be everywhere Taking care of our routines. It's the end of routine for us Whatever routine you are doing if it doesn't require human input or Compassion Learn it so accounting bookkeeping all the thing Driving check out the supermarket call centers 21 million people Do you get compassion in a call center? I Don't know. Maybe I'd kill them. Do I don't know but generally speaking. It's not required I just solved the problem So we're going to see a rapid automation You see the first one here food preparation and of course that goes for food preparation like like fast food right not not for You know restaurants of that nature. It's interesting to see McDonald's and Burger King are both looking at fully automating the burger places So the food can be even better than today. I'm just kidding.  There's going to be damage by AI in automation. We're just down here, right? You're looking at these jobs here construction manufacturing transportation storage Yeah jobs declining. I mean in the construction business. Can you print a house? Yeah, you can print a house already They're doing within Chinese a company called way soon prints the whole house and prints the furniture and the people not in people not the people prints everything on The flip side of this whole thing take a look at the top of the pyramid right where we're looking at situations like health care We talked about that yesterday scientific communications hospitality For some reason food is missing here Any hospitality I guess is food. Yeah, so growing right Anything that requires human ingenuity Creativity design negotiation conversation empathy compassion is growing That's our future job That's why the food business is going to be a great business We're not going to automate eating because we can eat paste like an astronaut, right? I mean, this is a human thing that we do our ultimate jobs is To be human To not be a robot 10 years ago. We were looking at this and say oh, I'm you know A humans have to function well and be productive and you know be efficient and all these things So we were working like robots 10 years ago basically including myself You go to business school you learn how to be a robot Many of our kids at school today are learning how to download information and Act like a robot case study FMA to be if this and that right like a computer The future is going to be about being malleable understanding things on a different place inventing stuff inventing your own job Some people are saying roughly as 70% of new jobs haven't even been invented yet. That's our kids We're talking about here. They have to invent their own job Look at the skill map of tomorrow Also a bit of confusing because there's so many of them, but yeah, let me zoom in a little bit on this Yeah, so move on a top quadrant here This is the top right that was on the right before this and you can basically see what's happening There's two things that are going to guarantee our work in the future That's human only skills and technology look at this thing here and technology Zion project management critical thinking advanced IT right next to each other You want your kids to have work in the future? That's it. I Mean we have to understand technology if you don't understand technology you're toast, right? I mean it's But technology as such will not be your ticket because computers are learning to program themselves It's about understanding people That's why you're here You're not downloading information. I hope you're also discussing it So let me wrap up with the discussion of digital ethics. This is the key topic for 2019 Technology has become so powerful again a quadrant here that shows you the most powerful things are also the most potentially harmful That is genome editing especially for humans and Artificial intelligence we can use AI as a weapon of war. In fact, many countries are very excited about this Use an automated drones to kill people That should be banned but sort of you know, obviously a difficult discussion Zooming in on this I would sell basically I think the most promising future is one where we don't stop doing things because we're worried But we also don't dismiss the risk Like if we build the internet of things if we build a new data economy Then we also have to put up with the consequences if Facebook wants to be in social media, then they shouldn't be acting a social In my view they have more from being good for us to be in the worst poison you can imagine They want the change and they have to change they have to be responsible It can't be somebody else's business to mop up after companies that take advantage of the digital economy So it has to be included in the business model, you know be holistic and There's a real danger. You know, this is a scene that was making the rounds on the internet a couple weeks ago Is a guy in the Tesla who's sleeping? It may have been fake, but it was definitely interesting and you know, this is kind of our attitude with technology, right?   Let's not go blindly into a future that says whatever can be done should be done That's a very bad idea Because in 10 years we can do anything You want to replace your legs with a prosthesis so you can better do better mountain climbing? You can you can do that today and there are people wanting to do that today Can you marry a robot people want to do that today? Don't laugh.  You know, what is the new normal? How far do we go? So final thoughts on this? Six future principles as part of my upcoming book the first ones everybody knows exponential growth Converging industries technology biology combinatorial skills new things that become possible because of science that's progress and That progress is going to be so mind-boggling the next 10 years if we don't observe it. You'll be perpetually late But here's the other part of this the new future When we think about food health care well-being We got to think beyond the exponential You know keep in mind that humans aren't exponential You know, we are we're linear. We're organic. We're not going to compete with machines as much as you want We're not right right now. We're kind of as smart as machines or vice versa in 10 years a Machine with an IQ of one million How do we compete while we're going to be humans that the machines will never be human like we are So we have to think about this. We have to think about holistic business models and every company we do business with will be required to fill the agenda All right holistic the circular economy Sustainability not just on energy, but everything else Human benefit Go back to Facebook for a second Facebook has been the most profitable company in the history of digital companies on the internet If you had invested in Facebook four years ago when they went public you would have made the most money Every time Facebook gets into a problem with privacy, which was 28 times last year The stock goes up When they were was announced that they're gonna pay five billion euros to the European Commission for privacy violation the same day The stock went up 8% as long as we have a mindset that says it doesn't matter What comes out the other end as long as we have jobs and employment and more money We're fine, right? That will not work if we continue on that road. We're toast Because these things make a lot of money. I Mean the oil industry made lots of money. We had to regulate it So we're going to see all these things in the future coming together in sort of a joint new agenda that I call sustainable capitalism so I'm gonna leave you with that thought and We can discuss a little bit with hunts later. Thanks very much for listening I have a couple of free books with me. If you see me later, you can grab one. Thanks very much for listening


Hello again, I have a second talk, so this time about metafiles which are an important part in the office for historical reasons. They are used throughout the office unfortunately and I want to talk a little bit about the problems we have with them and how we could solve these or at least escape in the long run because we get more and more problems with the metafile format and it's not really good handable. So why is it necessary? Our internal metafile format and filters, they are designed long time ago, this is not bad by itself, it just means with the age of the office of 25 years something at least now. It means the definition can come from 16 bit times, for example the polygon actions are limited to integer points and the point number to 65,000 and stuff like that. There are workarounds like Microsoft itself which is its own extensions of their metafile format. A lot of extra data is put into the meta-comment action. Meta-comment action means normally it originally was thought to be just a comment and some text but it is misused more or less with some title to identify what this meta-comment action might be and binary data. This binary data normally is from some streaming. For example there is a solution to get all of polygon data, fill style, line style, all streamed in high quality and double precision in such a file which is then put to a meta-comment action and for example used, embedded in slideshow and stuff like that. So all big hacks and even those big hacks are not that bad because Microsoft did pretty much the same which makes the format not better and on their side of the format, they even got further than that with enhanced formats of metafiles which they needed to support more stuff, they still try to be compatible to the original one and they extended even this mechanisms to put stuff into the comment actions and more of this, even more of this, inside the comment actions, this binary data may again have some comment actions and extensions and there are some mechanisms to also always keep the old stuff alive and when you know the comment action to spool over the old actions and not use them of course because they are replaced with more information inside and it's pretty much the same in our internal metafile format and we are just not capable of handling more complex extended Microsoft formats, only some actions of GDI plus are supported for example. So there are often bugs coming in where for example there are complex bitmap actions with mapping and stuff like that and I fixed the bug from somewhere where GDI bitmap with transparency came in and this action was just not supported but it was not too hard to support it because I once sorted out this GDI bitmap loading stuff and there was already a method at least to read a GBA bitmap in Microsoft format so it was not too hard but it shows maybe one third of the actions are supported something like this I think even less and it has not aged well with Microsoft extending the formats because every time Microsoft brings a new format it's just added to be detected by our filter and since Microsoft keeps it downward compatible itself it usually works and not too bad because it's very very basic data gets still imported and even after years of bug fixing there are still problems with the metafile format you still find errors in it and the high complexity also comes from being close to the win GDI for historical reasons when the office was originally created it more or less ported the original GDI stuff to also run on Linux more or less before it was extended and more intelligently brought forward and the result is stuff like this horrible gradients we have which may be created in just three days and does nothing else than calculating the rectangle and then going inside painting the ellipses and going inside by pixels pixels so the ellipse will end in a line and not be smoothly painted like you would expect from gradients and we have multiple importers exporters because other parts of the office and other implementers detected said they need more information of GDI plus or something and say our work around spread over the office problems of the current metafile our in our own internal stuff is it's simply not transformable and embeddable so normally what you want to do with graphic stuff is you have your graphic description and you want to paint it with some other few transformation with metafiles you can in principle do it but it never works because what is used maybe when you have ever looked at the graphic step you stack you know what a map mode is and map mode is more or less a few transformation and the map mode is just hard set it's not really a stack you can push and pop it but no one uses it uses it and every metafile at the beginning sets more or less a hard map mode so you cannot embed it into another metafile theoretically there is a map mode which defines a relative map mode to the existing one but this again would need to know what existing one you have so it just doesn't work with primitives you can just take what you have and put it in other transformation and if you have an ellipse and you put it in a transform primitive you can paint it thousand times anywhere else in other dimensions and sizes and it's always the same it's the same object we used much easier static actions and extensions using comment action I already talked a little bit it's a start it's really not expandable this is about theoretical because we have our own metafile format we are free to define our own metafile actions but it is pretty useless because with a new metafile action you have to implement all the parts in the code where metafiles are interpreted created or used you have to re-implement it anywhere at any place and when you forget it somewhere you will get bugs and problems there's no way to make it more simple with primitives for example you can anytime define your own primitive and as long as it implements the decomposition you can get a simplified version of it and you have not to adapt a single user of the primitive chain it's it's it just calls decompose and uses the simpler representation so that's a huge difference when you want to handle it so it's it's not really expandable at all it hurdles are just too high and unfortunately it's used everywhere and it's used as data exchange format metafile originally was just a recording of paint and someone found out oh when i record the paint i can replay it and do stuff with it but originally it was never thought abstract geometry description with with which you can do stuff so geometry processing never thought for it for example the current metafile has move scale and rotate methods which have to implement all of these single actions all which which have to be covered and changed and new actions have to be created that's that's what what's the metafile has to do when when you want to move it a little bit and you still have conversion losses and it's it's used as data is changed format pretty often to get data over the UNO API to get graphical data over the UNO API we have a lot of cases where the added views or simple simple objects are rendered into a metafile just to record this this is all streamed the metafile and and the binary data is then put as a file stream over the UNO API and on the other side it is decoded again so with primitives primitive is a UNO API object you can just hand it over much easier so compared with metafile importers which which interprets the microsoft format and and put it into our own metafile format which of this course is pretty close to the microsoft format what does the SVG importer do instead it's an abstract filter module much more modular as independent from the rest of the code as possible has a UNO API the result is a sequence of primitives with which you can work further so it's UNO API capable and the result can just be returned as a UNO value the result is reusable as I said before you can just put it into into other graphic stacks by surrounding it by an own transformation or stuff like that by the way besides the transformation change there's for example in the primitives something to change the colors or to force output to black and white and stuff like that you can just embed it in one of those and use that for rendering and it has an abstract geometric description with high quality and even when the stuff which is available in primitives today does not cover what you need to import with your filter there's always a very very simple workaround so you make a group primitive with with a type of your own and you you don't define a decompose and the default decompose of the group primitive is to hand back the children so in your filter you put all your data you have imported in this group primitive every every renderer or user of a sequence of primitives will will ignore it because it will process the children but your place where you want to use your imported data can just detect a sys new primitive which you have created only for this purpose and use your data which you have put there so this is a really good and backwards compatible mechanism which should be more used and I in my in my former talk I showed some examples and bug fixes and speed improvements which use something similar like that so may buffer contain preserve originals that's also something the svg filter does it works more or less the same like the bitmap import exporter sees also keeps original so sys guarantees for example you you have in the edit view sys nice command in the context menu save original bitmap or a safe bitmap sys saves the original bitmap whatever you may have done so your original bitmap is always accessible and not lost and this is also working with svg but not with meta files because with meta files it is imported in our own format and original is not kept so no access anymore not saved in when you save your office file so what what we don't have for svg is a generic svg export filter because there is an svg filter what I mean here is a generic svg export filter for simple parts of graphics we don't have said we have a big svg export filter which iterates over all pages over all objects and makes a good job so it's not too bad but it would be better when it internally for single objects would have a low level svg which can export single objects and if we would have this to save single objects as single svg graphics when we currently do that when you have a single object selected and export as svg a whole page gets created and always a whole document gets created so how how to get there first we would need to implement an import export filter for all the Microsoft formats which create a sequence of primitives and no more any of our internal meta files during development it's possible to bridge between these both formats because there are ways to get there and to get back so you can render the primitives into a meta file and there is a there's a functionality to change the meta file back to primitives both are using very high quality and both use all those hacks so this should be in some years the last place where those hacks are used my great meta file permit and no after development this will still be necessary yeah because of the many places where meta files are used so migrate meta file usages to sequence of primitives over time and i hope we find some volunteers to help there to get more and more stuff on the sequence of primitive side so sequence of primitives can completely replace the meta file stuff in on the long term so and there are possible abstractions the filters will be similar unify basic framework advance common tooling for them would be a possibility to make it easier to write such filters and all format filters could go that way even bitmap filters bitmap import export normal at the moment produce bitmap bitmap x and graphic and all those structures we internally have many too many for graphic stuff and say could just return a simple sequence of primitive containing the wrong bitmap primitive so that would be a unified file unified internal format to create and get your data around so direct embedding in rendering preparation data would be the result because what you get from the filters is there directly what you put into the rendering process of the of the editors okay that's it questions for it so this is all future stuff not really started a lot of thinking about it prepared to go but not yet going and the primitive stuff which we have today does already some of these replacements but maybe ten percent so lot to do questions how is time okay thank you