Once again, ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls and children of all ages, you are now tuned in to the Prince of Investing coming to you guys and girls live all the way from the beautiful state of Denver, Colorado via the paradise of Honolulu, Hawaii. And thank you for everybody that's tuning in, catching us live and people that are catching the playback on the podcast and the YouTube channel. But don't forget that like, subscribe, comment, share button. And as always, I don't have a lot of time and I definitely know you guys and girls don't have a lot of time, so we're going to jump straight into it. I know I look a little fancy, right? I got the Honolulu background coming in behind me from Honolulu, Hawaii. So I want to say thank you to the think tech Hawaii team I did is doing great things and the stepping up for 2020. The first thing I want to tell you guys and girls is we're going to get straight into this topic. As you can see in the description box or how you may be catching this, this video is going to be about everybody notices tax season. This is tax season. People get their tax refunds.  So congratulations to you if you got a tax refund. And now you have been seeing the markets at an all time high. You're saying, Prince, how can I start investing? Where can I put this money? I want to be smarter about this. I've been watching your show. I've been watching the markets. How can I invest? What should I do? So in this episode, we're going to jump straight into what is exactly how to take your tax refund and how to invest it or how you should start investing. And the first thing I'm going to go through, I got to give you Dave Ramsey, seven baby steps and before you can start investing. First, you got to look at your personal finances. Where are you financially with your money? Right. For prime example, are you debt free? Do you have debt? Do you owe, you know, do you have, first question is, do you have debt? Do you have a savings account? Do you have an emergency fund? And if you do have an emergency fund, do you have a savings account? How much do you have into it? So first, let's walk down the first couple of things. First question is, do you have three to six months of emergency bills set aside in case of emergency?  Whatever may happen. You lose your source of income. You get injured, whatever the case may be. So the answer is no, you're not ready to invest. The second thing is, are you debt free?  I mean, just the average person probably can't. If you have, if you can't, great on you. But if you do have things like credit card debt, things like frivolous student loans, things like that or whatnot, I'm going to say take that and first look into those areas first. So I want you to be out of debt and I want you to have a emergency fund established. If you have debt, you don't have, I mean, if you have debt or if you don't have an emergency fund, we got to prioritize before you even get a chance to get to the world of investing. I'm going to tell you why. Because let's say if you start investing, you know, I've had friends that I've helped out with investing and I've seen it happen plenty of times in the past. They put their money into an investment. Investment starts to make money and guess what happens?  You know, they lose their job or something happens in the house where they have emergency funds, but guess what they want to do now? They want to go to those investments and they want to sell those investments in order to pay for whatever they need to pay for. So that's what I'm going to tell you. Have your emergency fund established first. Have an emergency fund before you even start investing. Because let's say if you invest your money, stop market crash, let's say if you invested $10,000, market goes down to $800, right? You invested $10,000, now you're $10,000 worth $8,000 because the market took a dip and you need new tires on your car or whatever the occasion be. And now guess what you're going to do?  So I'm going to first say, have your emergencies set aside first. The second thing I said I wanted you to have was, are you dead free? Why is this important, Prince? Because I have a credit card. My credit card charges me 15 to 16%. And I've received a $10,000, you know, tax refund and I owe $8,000 on my credit card. And I say, well, you know what? I got another pay off my credit card but I want to get into investing. What ends up happening is your credit card is returning 16%, right? It's earning 16% interest on top of interest and it's compounding. You put your money into investing and your investment starts to earn 10%. Now it doesn't take a mathematician to tell you that if you are earning 10% but you are losing 16% on your credit card, you are now in a negative 6%, which is bad juju. That's something that you don't want to happen, right? So the question is, how can you become better? How can you make your better decisions?  So imagine if you had no credit card debt and you earned 10% of your investments, now we're moving forward. So that's what I'm gonna say.  Those things are true. But if you got little frivolous little things you need to clear up or whatnot, I'm gonna say get those things, taking care of first and to get that emergency fund because if you lose your job, now you're trying to crawl your brokerage or you're logging into E-Trade or whatnot, pulling out on funds that's supposed to be for the long term. Because if you're looking at investing, especially into the stock market, you're looking at money you don't plan on touching for five years, money you can live without for five years, right? So I don't want you guys to make a classic mistake of starting investing and then having to pull that money out to go take care of emergencies. But if you already have a nice emergency saved up, right? Once you had that nice emergency saved up, now you can start investing. Another thing I wanna tell you guys and girls, if, let's say if you don't have an emergency fund, you're like, man, Prince, man, I gotta take all this money and put it into my emergency fund. I still wanna invest, you still can. Once you use that to establish your emergency fund, now every month when you get paid, you can instead of putting money in savings, you can now start investing, right? If you don't have any debt or things like that. So those are the big things I'm gonna ask you first.  You know what? Let me first show you how to fix it if you're not there, right? How you wanna fix it if you're not there? I'm gonna go by Dave Ramsey's seven baby steps because I think they are truly amazing at all today, Ramsey. Number one, put $1,000 in your savings account. That's baby step number one, right?  You cut back on all that stuff, close. You start to decipher what is the need, what is the want. If you don't need it, you cut it.   Not by the interest rate, but by the amount owed. So I owe $200 on this, $500 on this, $800 on this, $10,000 on this. You're gonna list them from high to low. Once you have listed them from high to low, every time you get paid, you're gonna attack the first one like a wildebeest.  So first you get the $200 paid off, now you allocate all your resources to pay off debt number two. Allocate and it's a snowball. And instead of paying debt one, all the money is going to another one and you're slowly chunking down your debt, right?  Now when you got that emergency fund, now we're even entertaining the world of investment, right? So let's say if you're trying to get there. And let's say if you're already there. You're like, well, Prince, I got some work to do, but when I am there, I wanna get there. And to the other person that's saying, Prince, I'm already there, what can I do? So what I'm gonna tell you to do is the first thing I'm gonna look at is to say, how long, the first question you gotta ask yourself, what is your time horizon? How long are you looking to invest? Prince, I'm looking to invest for five years, 10 years, 20 years, 30 years, right? Once you got your time horizon, ask yourself, what risk level do you want? I'm gonna tell you right now, if you are 25, 35 years old and you're looking to invest for the next 10, 20, 30 years, then you need to realize that, I'm looking for the longer term, right? So now once you find that, you find out how much money. Let's say, if you know what, after I pay out my bills, I can afford $200 a month. You got $200 a month, you can invest $200 a month consistently for the next five or 10 years, right? And you know, I didn't do the math for you already, and I don't feel like doing the math in front of you, but that's 24, that's gonna be $2,400 a year, right? If you invest $200 a month, $2400 a year, if my math serves me correctly, and you can let that money compound for the next 10, 15 years. Now I'm gonna give you guys a secret number for the people out there who really listen to me, right? So the thing is, you have to sit down and figure out what is your number. Most people that start the world of investing, they don't even know where they're going. It's like taking off for a run and you don't know how far you're running. You're running 10 miles, five miles, one mile, or 20 miles, right? You gotta figure out how far are you willing to run? How far are you gonna run, right? So the question is, you gotta ask yourself, how far, what number does it take for me to retire? How much money do I wanna make in retirement? Let's take me for example, right? I've been in the military now, June will be 17 years. I retired from the military, I probably earned someone between $30,000 to $60,000 a year in retirement pensions. Let's say if I earned $50,000 in retirement pensions, right? And it's okay, well I have $50,000 in retirement pension. I want another $50,000 because I wanna retire at $100,000 a year for the rest of my life. So now I need to figure out how much money do I need to have set aside to be able to earn $50,000 a year for the rest of my life? Second thing I need to figure out is, how long do I plan on living? The average life expectancy in America is 78, right? But if you look at it, the average life expectancy in America is actually 78. But let's say if I plan on living to the age of 80. So now that I know I'm gonna live to the age of 80 and I wanna collect $50,000 a year until I'm 80 years old, what age do I plan on retiring? I might wanna retire at 40 years old. So I need to be able to figure out how much money, how much of an this egg I need to have in order to receive $50,000 for 40 years to the day I pass away. Now the next question is, what do I need to do to get there? So that number may be 1 million, 1.2 million, 1.3 million. Now from that, I'm asking you these questions because you can use a retirement calculator to figure out, hey, I need to have $1 million, $1.2 million and I have 10 to 15 to 20 years to get there. Once you figure that out, you can build a financial plan of telling you how much money you need to invest. Now people are saying, well, Prince, okay, well, okay. So where I put the money at, right? What do I need to do? So first thing you need to know, the benchmark of investing is the S&P 500 index. That's the standard in pools 500, right? And that is the top 500 companies in America. On average, before being adjusted for inflation, it returns 10% historically, right? Over the last 128 years. Let me give you a disclaimer. You know, past performance does not, it's not a great indicator of future performance. It's meaning, because it did that in the past, doesn't mean it's gonna do it in the future, but we have over 100 years of data to tell us that, hey, with all the market crashes, the ups, the downs, the sideways, the pluses, the boom, the market has returned 10% over the last 100-something years. So let's say we're in just for inflation, which is 3%. So how much money do I need to invest every year, earning 7% to reach my goal? That's what you need to figure out. I can help you figure that number. I did an episode on that called What Is Your Number? Well, I sit down and use a financial calculator, but the internet is filled with calculators. You can just type in retirement calculator and it'll tell you how much money you need to make. And I wanna tell everybody this, just listen. When you're young, take me, I'm 35 years old. Not the youngest, but I'm pretty young, right? So you take me, what I need to do is I need to figure out from the age of 35, let's say from the age of 18, 19, 20, when you enter into a workforce, to the age of 45 or 50 or whatever your work age is, this is your accumulation phase. This is when you're gonna accumulate as much money as possible, right? Then once you hit your retirement age of 45 or 50, whatever that age is, then that's gonna be your retirement age, right? So an accumulation age, let's say from 20 to 45, you wanna accumulate as much wealth as humanly possible, right? Then once you get to this age over here, 45, from 45 until death, this is when you wanna live off that next egg. So pretty much it's two phases. I wanna build to the next egg, and then once I get to this egg, I wanna live off the next egg. So take me for example, I like to calculate 7% interest every year while I'm in the accumulation phase. If you get 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% good on you, right? You're gonna get to your goal even faster. So if you reach your goal of earning 7% every year for 20 years, right, or 30 years or whatever the case may be, then I wanna pull my money out of the market returns and I wanna put it in something like long-term corporate burn funds or something like that, where I'm gonna earn something like 3% because once I retire, I don't want to risk the market over 2008 happening, or 2000 happening. I want my money to be returning back to me at a slower rate. So in my accumulation phase, I'm looking to gain 7% a year. I'm trying to get as much money as possible. You might be an author, you might be working your jobs, you might have a part-time job, whatever you do to earn money, earn as much money as you can, invest as much as you can, make that nest egg as big as possible. If you grow it to 10 million, 20 million, 30 million, great on you or whatever. Now when you get to that age of 45, now you're gonna put that into a conservative investment and then you're gonna be able to figure out, hey, I'm gonna be able to draw $60,000 for the rest of the year for the rest of my life. So point blank, once you know what your number is, I'm gonna give you the philosophy of it. Once you know what your number is, I'm gonna tell you this, I would take my money and if I was ready to invest, I wouldn't dump all of my money in at the market at the same time, but I will utilize a method called DCA. That's D as in Delta, C as in Charlie, A as in Alpha, that's called dollar cost averaging, meaning every single month to be the first of the month, 15th of the month or whatnot, I will allocate $200 to me personally, I like the NASDAQ for growth, right? S&P 500 is the one, it's the staple, but when you look up the S&P 500, compared to the NASDAQ out of the top three indexes, you had a Dow Jones NASDAQ S&P 500, the NASDAQ historically outperforms the S&P 500. Now, the NASDAQ does have higher highs, but it also have lower lows, right? The NASDAQ tracks the top 100, not the top, but a hundred, mostly technology-based companies, things like Microsoft, things like Amazon, think Facebook is in there, but it's mostly your technology companies. And the thing that I've seen with technology companies, if I had to bet on something for the future, technology companies experience more growth than your average S&P 500 index fund, right? So I don't care if I'm investing for the next five, 10, 20 years, I don't care if the market crashes in December. You know, I really don't because what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna invest straight through it, right? So some people be like, well, what if the market crash? You know, I don't wanna lose everything. I don't wanna blow up a lot, whatever the case may be. So if it's an index fund, somebody denies that, I'm gonna invest straight through it. I'm gonna be actually happy that things went on sale, right? It would be the same thing as you wanna ask yourself, well, where's everything going selling the store? Right? The people that become wiped out, portfolios that become wiped out, when our recession hits, are people who have used leverage, people who have borrowed money to invest, AKA using leverage, AKA using margin. You know, that's what happened in the rolling 20s. When I went back and I started a book called Security Analysis of Benjamin Graham, great book was the mentor of Warren Buffett, right? And in the rolling 20s, everybody used leverage to invest into stocks. It was all good as long as the stock market was going up. But the moment it came down, everything broke loose. So for a prime example, someone would have $6. They would give them $60,000 and they would let them invest this $60,000. It's easier to make a return on investment with the more money you have. So $60,000 of money was just rolling and rolling and rolling and rolling and rolling. And that's what they called the rolling 20s. Stock market couldn't lose. And 29 in the market crashed in that money that people, that they had leveraged and borrowed. Not only did they lose the value, but they also owed. So that was the downside of those people who get wiped out. The second thing is investing in the companies that are non profitable, that may not make it. For a prime example, you guys will probably know, I'm investing to Uber currently, right? So for the last two months, Uber has been good for me, right? But let's say we had a market crash on Monday. Uber is not profitable. Lyft is not profitable. Tesla is not a profitable company. When we have the next market crash, money becomes tight. Meaning it becomes hard to borrow, right? If creditors don't lend out money too much because they're afraid people can't pay them back. And there's a lot of companies growth that is built upon debt. Meaning they have borrowed a lot of money to experience growth. And the time the market goes down, that's when those particular companies will have an issue. So those are the people that are wiped out. Companies that are in the MAGA, that's what they're calling them now, right? I've been hoping I'm pronouncing that right, MAGA. That is Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and what is it, Alphabet? That said those correctly. Those are trillion dollar companies. Microsoft, Amazon, Alphabet, and there was Apple. Those are the four trillion dollar companies, market capitalization. Those are companies that look at those, those are growth companies and they're pretty much staples because they can withstand a downturn in the economy. So when you're looking at your companies paying attention to the debt to income ratio, those are companies that I've seen for a very hard time when the market collapses. When the market collapses, that new hot technology company that everybody liked, AKA your Tesla, your Uber, your Lyft, just to name a few, they would have a hard time if we took a downturn in the economy, right? So those are people that become wiped out but I'm not looking to invest in that way.  Now, once I became more of a seasoned investor, then I would turn around and tell people, hey, you know, okay, you know what? I've done my research, I've done my analysis. I wanna buy an individual stock of Microsoft. I wanna buy an individual stock into Google. I wanna buy an individual stock into Apple. Then it's nothing wrong with that, right? But it meanwhile, I will be an index person until I became smarter. So if you're out there, you're listening, you're ready to invest, you got some money, congratulations to you and thank you for thinking about your future of investing, I will first say, hey, look into index funds first. S&P 500 NASDAQ Dow Jones, right? Looking to those first, buy them on a dollar cost averaging basis, meaning regardless of the market's going up, down sideways, every month you pay it like a bill. You pay it like a bill consistently and then as you become more aware of investing, then you can elevate yourself to individual stocks.  People are getting paid millions of dollars to pick stocks and they can't beat the index. 92% of professional investors can't beat the index. So you as an average everyday person, why would you even try? Right? Especially starting out. Not starting out once you became more seasoned, once you became a little bit more educated, then maybe you can be some of the select few to actually beat the index. But that would be my way I would start investing. Congratulations on thinking about the world of investing. That would be my way. I hope that helped you guys and girls out with giving you information on starting to invest, right?  He said, Prince, you always said, it's not about what you take in. It's about, it's not about what's coming in. It's always about what's going out. And I tell people that story, it's not about how much money you make. It's about how much money you spend, right? So always keep that positive cash flow mindset. Cash is flowing in, but how much cash is flowing out? Right? This is how we see stories of multi-million dollar athletes and you're like, wow, how did they go broke up? How did they experience these problems? Pretty simple. They spent more than they made, right? Well, Prince, if they only made this much money, how could they spend more? Call credit, leveraging, right? So it's not about what you take in, it's about what's going out. My name is Prince Dykes. This is the Prince of Investment live here on Think, Check, Away. Thank you for checking us out. Don't forget to hit that like, subscribe, turn on the share button. Until the next video, podcast, cartoon or whatever else you see us do crazy round the globe. Peace, be safe, I'm out and thank you.


It's possible that this could be my very favorite Prusa Slicer setting ever. My name's Jim, and this is The Edge of Tech. So Prusa Slicer recently released version 2.4, and I tell you it has a plethora of amazing features packed in. But there is one that I have to tell you about right now. It's the ability to take any model you want and make it low-poly. It is simply awesome. So I'm going to show you really quick how to take a mini-Jim like this or any model and turn it into a low-poly model like this. It's super simple and fast. Let's do it. So you want to start out by opening up Prusa Slicer 2.4. If you don't have 2.4, make sure you get it, either upgrade the one you have, or go to the link in the description below and grab 2.4 from there and install it right over the top. In my case, it did not take out all of the presets I already had when I installed it right over the top. So that was a good thing. And it has a whole bunch of new presets for Creality, Artillery, and all sorts of other printers out there, too. Once you have your printer selected, in my case, I'm going to use this Artillery Genius Pro. You want to go ahead and load your model. I'm going to find the mini-Jim I have, as you can tell I have a bunch of stuff. But here is the mini-Jim here. And that is a standard mini-Jim. That's the first one we saw. Go through your settings. You want to make sure it is set up the way you want to. So in my case, I'll print it at point two. I'm just going to leave everything default at the point two. If you want to change the layers, you can do that right here. Once you have it all set, make sure you set your filament temps if you need to. I'm going to go backwards. Once you have everything set up, you want to right-click the model. So highlight the model by clicking on it and then right-click and then do simplify model. Once you do this, it'll actually allow you to turn up or make the detail level much higher. So you can go up with it like this and then hit apply. In our case, we're going to go down, extra low. So it gives it more polygons. So we hit apply and you can see mini-Jim is just kind of bumpy now. It has some more polygons on him, but not quite the extreme we want to go. You can do this as much as you want. I'm going to right-click the model again. I'm going to go to simplify model, go to extra low, hit apply. And now you can see there's much more facets here. You can do it again. Oh, look at that. Hit apply and now it's like super poly. Once you get it to exactly how you like it, go over here to the bottom right corner under my video here and hit the slice button. That'll slice the model for you. Once it is sliced, you'll see the model is ready to go. You just need to export it or save it to your SD card. Print it and that's when you'll see the awesome results. Again, when we check out this, you can see it went from a smooth nice mini-Jim to super low poly with like three or four runs of the simplify model option. So the option itself is called simplify model and I tell you what, I've done a couple things and I'm going to show you that now. All you had to do is load a model, right-click, choose that simplify, make the detail very low and then hit apply and then do that a couple times or as much as you want to make it as low poly as you want. It is super cool. You can see this vase right here is printed normally. I was testing the Artillery Genius Pro and it looks really good. It actually came out pretty nice, looks very nice and I love this vase. But then I found this feature and I had to try it. So I popped on a different filament and look at this. When I printed this much larger, you can see all of the facets inside of it because I made it low poly, super cool. So this vase wasn't designed low poly, but what's super cool about this is you can take anything and make it low poly with these vases. It really makes them pop and it gives it a whole different character and this is the mini-Jim that printed. You can see all the facets all over. It's super cool. They're in the hair and all around the model. It's just such an awesome feature and it totally lets you turn anything you want into a low poly design. So in the beginning I showed the regular mini-Jim that looks like this and I got to admit this is actually the tripod version. It came off the bed a little rough and I'm now dubbing this the tripod version and I'm actually going to send this over to Tripods Garage because I think this would be a fun one for him. I tell you what, you got to try this out. Download Prusa Slicer 2.4. This is such an awesome feature.  Keeping them super short but showing you the features you can do in Prusa Slicer. This one's called Simplify Model. It's really an awesome feature. If you're getting value in this video, squish that like button. It really helps the algorithm and it spreads the video out through the community and let me know in the comments below what you're going to print in low poly because I'd love to see it. Don't forget to tag us on HotMakes at hashtag HotMakes on Twitter. I hope you guys learned something today and as always, keep printing.


Hey guys, this is JR Fisher and I'm back and we're talking about using iPhones or your cell phone for making videos, the pros and cons of using your phone for YouTube videos. This is part two of three. If you haven't seen video one, you're going to want to go back and watch that before you watch this video. We're talking all about how to learn how to use your phone for YouTube videos and the pros and cons of using your phone. Now I've sold millions of dollars of products online and I've used my iPhone a lot to make videos and I want to share with you some of those secrets in this training so that you can get great results too. If you don't forget, if you missed that first video, you're going to want to go back to that because that's really important before you get to this stage. Okay, let's jump right in and let's get to the training. Now don't forget at the end of this video, give me some comments on this. If you've tried some of this out, if this has worked for you, what you've done to get good results. This series is designed to show you how with just a little bit of planning, you can make some really great videos with nothing more than your iPhone or your smartphone. So in the last video, we talked about lighting and sound. In this video, we're going to cover clothing, your appearance, and backgrounds because those are really important to your audience too. So keep in mind how you present yourself when you are recording a video will definitely impact how well received your information is and if your people even watch your video or like it or subscribe to your channel. So you've got to get that right. Okay, so this is step three, the presentation. It matters so much. You're going to want to think about the image that you're going to want to present to the viewers of your videos. Okay, what's your audience? Are you selling success? You need to present success. Are you selling beauty? Well, some of the largest YouTube channels out there are on beauty. Are you doing DIY type videos? That's another big area too. No matter what type of video you are doing, your presentation is everything. You're selling business stuff. You have to look successful. If you're selling beauty stuff, you're going to want to have your hair and nails done and clothing and all that stuff. If you're selling DIY stuff, you're going to want to seem like you're very organized. You think of somebody like Martha Stewart who for years showed you how to organize your house and how to cook all these great meals and she seemed to have it all together and that's what she presented all while she looked good. She was dressed right. She had her hair done her makeup done all that. That's what people want to see. They want to have that emotion when they're watching your video. So make sure you're thinking about that. That's really super important. Now, let's discuss the background now. You can see here, I had this cool brick wall. The cool brick wall is pretty cool, right? But is that really a brick wall? So if I step back here, let me show you the brick wall. As you can see, there really is no brick wall. It's a backdrop and you can get all kinds of backdrops like this from Amazon. They have hundreds and hundreds of them. If you don't want to go to Amazon, you can go to AliExpress. You can get your backdrops there and these are really inexpensive. You can get them anywhere from $9 on up to $40 or $50 depending on the background that you get. Now the price is really tied to the size and I will tell you because I made this mistake. Don't get a background that's smaller just because it's cheaper because what that does is that restricts how far away your camera can be from you and your background and all your videos are going to have to be up close if you have a little tiny background. If you get a larger background, you can move your camera back and show a little bit more of your background. So don't save $5 or $10 or $20 because you think that's a better deal when later on you're going to need that bigger background. All right, step four, planning your video. You really want to plan your video out in advance and since we're using an iPhone for filming videos, a simple selfie stick with a play button is really a good idea. I have this one here and I really like this selfie stick. It has this play button right here and you can remove it. You can put it back in. It has Bluetooth capabilities so I can actually control the phone by just pressing the button. So that's pretty cool. So when you're thinking about presentation, if you were to do a DIY type video, what you probably want to do is start off your video with the finished product so that the person can see it. Now you don't have to film your videos in the order that it really happened. You can move it around a little bit. So you can start off by filming yourself getting in your car and driving down to the craft store and then maybe you could be inside the craft store doing some shopping, pushing a card around as you're loading up all the stuff and talking about it. And then you can show yourself back at your house actually putting all these items together and in the end of the video, once again, you can show the finished product. People love to go through that journey with you and it'll make your video so much more interesting because they'll feel like they actually went through the entire process of getting in your car and driving to the store and walking in the store and seeing the shopping cart go down all the aisles and then in the very end, they see the finished product. So if you were doing a do it yourself type video, that's what you would probably want to do. Okay, so that pretty much covers the first four steps. We cover two more steps in this video. In the next video, I'm going to talk to you about getting that file off your phone and what you do with it and how you edit it and how you actually make it look good. That's super, super important. Now, don't forget, I promised you, I promised you an e-commerce course. If you look below in the description of this video, you can click and get my $97 course absolutely free by just clicking the link. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel. Click that notification bell too. That's super important so that when I do another video, you will get notified and you'll know about it. Makes sense, right? Don't forget comment below. I want to hear your comments. What have you tried? Have you tried filming with your iPhone or with your Galaxy or whatever kind of phone you have? If you've got a phone and you've tried some of these things, let me know. If you've already done some videos, if you've had issues with them, let me know in the comments below. I want to hear your comments. So don't forget to subscribe, hit your notifications and we're on to the next video in this series. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


Programs that promote youth safety and reduce the number of youth that enter the legal system are vital to the strength of our communities. That's why Denver's curfew program is so important. It prohibits youth from being in a public place or on public property when they shouldn't be. Those that break curfew are transported to the Denver Juvenile Services Center where their parents are contacted and a citation is issued. However, minor cited for the first-time violation are given the opportunity to participate in a diversion program through public safety youth programs as an alternative to entering the court system. Diversion options increase collaboration between parents and government and can lead to lesser consequences that still provide corrective behavior when needed. While it is our duty to enforce the city's curfew ordinance, we also care about the safety of the city's youth. We want to send a clear message about the city's reasonable curfew expectation and help the kids avoid a citation for being on the street at night when they really shouldn't be. That said, the Denver Police Department strives to operate a police agency focused on preventing crime in a respectful manner demonstrating that everyone matters, which is why we team up with public safety diversion officers each year from April to September while the curfew ordinance is actively enforced. This partnership provides alternatives to youth and their families so they can receive a second chance and avoid entering the criminal justice system. Avoid the heat. Stay off the streets. 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. Sunday through Thursday. Midnight to 5 a.m. Friday and Saturday.


So we'd like to come up with a relationship between the Gibbs free energy and the temperature. So we know how much the Gibbs free energy is going to change when the temperature changes. We have such a relationship, but that Gibbs free energy changing with the temperature proportionally to the negative of the entropy, that's a true thermodynamic relationship but it's not the most convenient one. So we'd like to come up with a more convenient relationship between the Gibbs energy and the temperature and that's going to be this Gibbs Helmholtz equation. So we can start with our definition of the Gibbs free energy. That's certainly one thing that tells us how the Gibbs energy is related to the temperature, although there's also a temperature dependence hiding inside this enthalpy and hiding inside the entropy. What I'll do next is I'll go through and divide on the left and right side of this equation by temperature. So g divided by t is going to be equal to the enthalpy divided by t minus the entropy. I've divided away this temperature. So that's a relationship between not the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy and entropy but g over t and how that depends on the enthalpy and the entropy. So this expression now, if I take the temperature derivative of each side of this expression, turns out we'll get something very useful. So take the temperature derivative at constant pressure. When I do that on the left, I'm just going to write the derivative of g over t with respect to t at constant pressure. On the right, I'll do that slightly differently. The derivative of this ratio h over t, I can use the product rule and say the temperature derivative is first taking the derivative of the numerator, it's 1 over t times the derivative of h. And then product rule says also take h and then the derivative of the 1 over t is negative 1 over t squared. So these two terms together are the temperature derivative of h over t. I've got left this negative s, so the derivative of s. I'll go ahead and write ds dt at constant p as our derivative of s with respect to t at constant pressure. So I've evaluated the derivative on the right-hand side, except we actually know what two of these derivatives are. dhdt at constant p should look familiar. That's by definition, that's the heat capacity at constant pressure. The second term, we can't do too much with, minus h over t squared. The third term, we also know something about this. ds dt at constant p, that's the derivative we've seen before. That is, in fact, heat capacity divided by temperature. If the derivative's at constant pressure, it's cp, the constant pressure heat capacity divided by temperature. So notice now that the cp over t in the first term and the negative cp over t in the second term, those cancel each other. And what we're left with, I'll go ahead and write up here, is this result, which is called the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. It's a true statement, but not terribly convenient that the free energy changes with the temperature proportionally to the negative of the entropy. It's also a true statement, more convenient to use that if we're not interested in g, if what we think about is g over t, this quantity Gibbs free energy divided by the temperature, that quantity changes as I change the temperature proportionally to minus h over t squared. It looks like a more complicated relationship, but it's easier to use in practice because it's fairly simple to go into lab and determine the enthalpy of an object, determine how much the enthalpy changes. When I heat something up or cool it down, that's just the heat of the process which we can determine with methods like calorimetry. So measuring the enthalpy, measuring the temperature, that's usually much easier than measuring the entropy. So in practice, this turns out to be a more useful way of measuring or predicting how much g over t changes as I change the temperature. It's also an important result in a theoretical sense because this will have occasion to use this several times when we talk about solutions, when we talk about colligative properties or phase changes. So this is also an important result that we'll use as a starting point to get other thermodynamic results as well.


I got on the ship, I changed my first light bulb. So to this day, I still change light bulbs every morning. Fluorescent bulbs require a replacement every two to three weeks, whereas this LED bulb that we have implemented allows us to plug and play and just leave it in that fixture for three to four years without ever having to replace it or do any follow-up maintenance on it. So it reduces the amount of maintenance that sailors have to perform on a daily basis exponentially. The LED lights are definitely more durable. We've had fluorescent lights, they shatter instantly. And with that mercury being the hazardous material inside, we don't want that on the board of the ship. These are actually what we put all of our used fluorescence in. Because of the mercury content and because of the fact that they're under pressure, we have to keep them in something that's really sturdy and really safe in case, like, something were to hit it. And it does explode. It won't shoot glass out. It won't get mercury everywhere. So we keep these sealed when we're not using them. It reduces the ambient temperature in spaces. So birthing spaces, the mess decks, work spaces become much more hospitable and more comfortable to be in. So the quality of the work that we are getting out of our sailors improves because they are more comfortable. And finally, we also save lots and lots of amperage with this implementation. So we are allowed to be on station for a longer period of time as a result, since we consume less energy, which means less fuel consumption. So we can do our jobs for a longer period of time uninterrupted. If you can do energy conservation and help your ship achieve a higher quality of work, reduce your man hours, I don't see the negative in applying LED lights across the entire ship and across the Navy.


And then there's speedy, it's very time to reckon. Ben has it's in the mix. I'm done. I'm done. Bye.


Did you know that Alabama's nickname is America's Amazon? That's because there's abundant freshwater. And we are ranked the number one state in freshwater fish diversity. 332 different species of fish live here.  In addition to more than 132,000 miles of rivers and streams, there are many reservoirs, state-managed county lakes, and state parks where you can try your hand at fishing. Our public waters are not only great for fishing, but also for other types of family fun. Rent a boat and go exploring, or simply enjoy a picnic on the shoreline and observe the wildlife. Find information about recreational facilities and features, such as bank fishing and piers, an Alabama's Department of Conservation and Natural Resources website, at www.outdooralabama.com. Everyone can enjoy America's Amazon and Fish in Alabama.


Hello everyone, I'm Alicia Woodruff and this is the Fort Report. So today I'm with Sarah from the Stock Yard Station and Sarah, we would love to know what is National Day of the American Cowboy? National Day of the American Cowboy is a day where we have a whole bunch of fun events that all celebrate the heritage of the cowboy in America. This one is pretty unique to Fort Worth. This is the big deal in Fort Worth here and it's just about sort of celebrating how the cowboy helped America become what it is today. And what kind of events are you having at the Stock Yard? Well there will be a haystacking contest, a rib eating contest, a mustache contest, a most worn out boot contest. You can guess the width of their horns tip to tip and there's a watermelon eating contest, a watermelon seed spitting contest. There will be people here to give talks about different historical aspects of the cowboy. There will be a coloring contest for kids over at the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame.  If you are wearing a cowboy hat, you get half off of your ticket to the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame and you get free entrance to Billy Bob's during the day. National Day of the American Cowboy is July 28th, it's a Saturday from 10am to 4pm and there will also be gunfights by Legends of Texas, a special show by the guys who do the gunfights. Possibly the train will be coming in and both cattle drives at 11.30 and 4pm as always. There's rodeo happening at the Coliseum at 8pm and they also have the Pawnee Bill Wild West show there that day and they will be doing the haystacking contest at the Coliseum. So for more information you can visit www.fortworthstockyards.org or stockyardsstation.com and you can also call<PHONE_NUMBER>.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA Podcast, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Dean Perine, Executive Vice President at JSA, and on behalf of our team at JSA and our co-hosts for this roundtable, Connected to Fiber, we thank you for tuning in to this virtual roundtable, transforming the transformers, digitizing the connectivity industry. A couple of housekeeping notes before we begin, our first 100 registrants for today's roundtable have now received lunch delivered directly to their door, easy for me to say, or a gift card. So please enjoy that lunch and that gift card. We have well over 200 registrations for today's roundtable. So if you weren't one of the first 100, hopefully we will get you next time. So make sure to register early for our monthly roundtables at jsa.net. Also, we want to hear from you today during the webinar, so please feel free to add any questions directly into the chat and we will do our best to get to those questions before the end of the hour. If we do not get to those questions, however, we will email you an answer. So all good there. Okay, so let's go ahead and get started to introduce our speakers and moderate the discussion today. Please welcome one of my very favorite tech journalists, Mr. George Lawton. George is an industry journalist for venture beat and tech target and has been covering our industry for over 30 years. George, I cannot believe it's over 30 years for you, but I do believe you. So George from JSA and connected to Fiverr, thank you very much for being here today. We appreciate it and the floor is all yours. Oh, well, thank you. Yeah, I have been covering it for 30 years. I mean, back in the day, it was all about telecommunications magazine and cable TV and they were two separate things and they sort of faded into the ether. But I was surprised to discover that even though telecom services might not be as sexy as other technologies you hear about with cloud and AI at the Gartner conference this year, they estimated the industry was on track to spend $1.4 trillion with the T dollars on communication services in 2021. That's more than cloud services, enterprise applications, any other category. I was a little surprised by that, but it makes sense. Enterprises, they're rolling out software to find WAN and IoT applications and work at home and data centers and all that kind of good stuff. But at the other end of the spectrum, 18 to 36 million Americans currently lag broadband. I mean, this is an interesting dilemma, a digital divide, if you will, between the high end and then the folks that wanna work from home or move out to the country or explore these different arrangements. And at the heart of this sort of digital divide and actually just meeting the demands of enterprises is connectivity and how are telcos going to build the infrastructure? How are they going to automate the processes for rolling it out? While these ideas like hyper automation and digital transformation are all the rage in other industries, the telco industry has these unique challenges. They have physical things. They have pipes to build, fibers to lay and they have to secure the permission for the land to run it all on. So in this round table, we're gonna talk to experts from across the field, from vendors to telecom providers to some of the tools for supporting this kind of digital transformation of the telecom industry. And so first up, we've got Ken Kramer and he's the co-founder and the CTO of Data Center Strategy at Involta, which helps organizations plan, manage and execute hybrid IT strategies using a broad range of services, including co-location, cloud computing, managed IT, cybersecurity, fiber and network connectivity. Then we have John Carr who's the VP of Business Development at Newstar, which is developing solutions to meet the growing demand for service providers to provide connectivity to their trading partners and corporate clients more quickly and efficiently. And John's been in the industry doing engineering and operations for 35 years and he recently joined Newstar's Communication Solutions Group as the Vice President of Business Development. Then we have Robert Kenny who's the Chief Revenue Officer at Connected to Fiber and they've built an industry cloud for connectivity buyers and sellers to automate the go-to market processes that ultimately drive growth on both sides. And lastly, we have Phil Oliveiro who's the CTO at LightPath and he's been in the telecom industry for over 30 years. And LightPath owns and operates a dense all fiber network in the New York metropolitan area in Boston. And with new ownership and management is expanding their reach and capabilities to enable more customers to reach their digital destinations. So I thought it would be interesting to just start out with what you all are seeing as some of the biggest challenges facing telecom networks and buyers and sellers this year. Particularly with the whole second phase of COVID and the transition to work from home and the supply chain challenges that are starting to come up. How do you think things might be different this year and what do you see as some of the big challenges facing all across the telecom supply chain, if you will the actual kind of physical equipment, the companies providing it the way they orchestrate it. And I'll just leave it up to you. And maybe I'll jump in there, George, in terms of some of the biggest challenges we at LightPath are facing as a network provider. And that is exactly those supply chain pieces or elements that you talked about. We are really managing through supply chain issues basically as we upgrade our networks to meet customers growing bandwidth needs. You mentioned the current era where in with COVID and work from home, all of these meetings have now been pushed out of the office and to homes and all of them now have a video component which you didn't have certainly 18 months ago sort of thing, two years ago. Access to data and applications housed in the cloud. All of these things have continued to push bandwidth requirements. And we at LightPath have been really busy investing in and upgrading our networks and service offerings to enable these requirements. And we've seen explosive growth in high bandwidth orders. And so we're meeting those needs but doing this despite semiconductor shortages, supply chain issues which have caused us and our vendors to do longer term planning to meet those needs. I'm looking at ordering right now equipment that I'm gonna need in mid 2022. We talked about just in the not so recent past about just in time ordering, just in time provisioning. I mean, I think that's good sometimes for providing the fiber and all that kind of stuff but you got to have it there to do the just in time. And so we're struggling through some of those supply chain issues to get that capacity in place. And I would say the other challenge and I'll leave it to the rest of the panel too is patience. I think my own patience within our company, patience sometimes with customers is bandwidth needs are growing so fast. We're trying to make changes. We're trying to make upgrades and so on to meet those needs. And it's definitely taking some time. We're absolutely getting through it. But yeah, it's definitely a challenge that we're managing through right now is to see the supply chain issues. Thank you. Excellent. I think the other side, as Phil said, equipment and those but the orders are work at home and remote and the fact that, you know, people realize that it's not a one day everybody's going to be back in those demands in the remote areas or all areas are gonna continue to grow. The adoption of SD-WAN, SDN and SAS now are driving more and more high demand for broadband, DIA circuits. And it's driving a demand in an area of the business that has probably one of the weaker back office in ordering processes, the complete lack of standards for the broadband providers and ordering in between their trading partners, little or no electronic bonding between the partners with broadband and a lot of the players out there. And it's gonna continue to have major impacts on the back office operating. So, you know, those are so many areas we're looking to help with some of the products we have to improve that. But right now it's really just gonna continue to stress the operation organizations until something's done in that realm. Could you say a little more about the sort of issue? Like you mentioned standardization and, you know, of course there's like IEEE and other standards for the actual equipment itself but how do you manage the orders and communicate that? Sure. Traditionally, right, the telecommunications world had some pretty good standards on what we call the ASR and access service request. And certain products over the years, it was very standard how you ordered them, the fields that transferred through with the advent of a lot of the DIA, wireless providers and cable and broadband providers. There was no standard access service request for those. You could have 100 providers that want 100 pieces of different information. So from a standard side, there's bodies like the MEF, the Metro Ethernet form that have been doing a lot of work. They started around Ethernet services, moved into fiber. They're doing a lot of work now to try to bring the industry together. They've created a great scale down 12 reference point type ordering process that if we could get all of these providers to use the same reference points fields for orders, it would lend to cross automation between all of those providers and speed, take the human interaction out of it, right? A lot of these places have done a great job on the customer to business interface of automating it, right?  Behind the scenes though, if inner providers needed to do that ordering to get that completed, then it falls out to paper and it's an annual process in a lot of cases. So again, that's where we focus in being able to kind of help that and work with people like the MEF and other organizations to be out there and kind of evangelize those standards and try to get people to adopt them as quickly as possible. Thank you. What are some of the other challenges you guys see coming up in the industry? So from my perspective, just expanding things a little bit, I mean, I think access, speed and accuracy for network connectivity is an ongoing challenge and both Phil and John spoke to some of the rural aspects of it. But when you think about the access and speed and accuracy for network connectivity, the buyer preference is changing dramatically in front of us. They're looking for more of a consumer-like experience. You know, think Amazon, think Uber in terms of how they want to access information and ultimately order information. I mean, you think about logging into Google Maps and plugging in 123 Main Street, literally any place in the world and having getting a message back that says, we'll update you in five to seven business days. And they come back with one mode of connectivity or one route and one mode. And in many cases, that information can be not 100% accurate. We wouldn't stand for that. And I think that's the transition that the network connectivity industry is in the midst of, is getting to that with more consumer-like experience where they can have access to the information in rural or dense areas. Speed of that access and the accuracy information is critical for our continual growth. Now, when you say accuracy, what are the ways that you've seen people drop the ball? I think there's legacy information out there and the data around who has connectivity and what type of connectivity as it evolves and changes in front of us. Phil talked about the build-out that they're doing. It's happening real-time and we need to continue to make sure that that information is current and it's up to date. And data mining and AI and things, technologies like that are really speeding the ability to make sure that that data is current. Thank you. Hey, Robert, I would agree with your comments on that and I think I would also stress that not only the speed, but also the reliability has become much more important. And aside the latency, right? Everybody is looking for that real-time interaction with data and as we help our customers transform their IT solutions, the network side of it always becomes a critical component. Need reliability, need low latency, need real-time access to this data. And that's just pushing more and more of the compute and the collection of that data out into the marketplace or out closer to the user, right? So as we talk today, I think I would encourage people to think also about what's the term of edge data centers or edge compute? What does that really mean and how does that transform the need for network connectivity? There's a lot of challenges around that, right? Yeah. You know, in terms of the reliability, like in the latency issues, you know, like when the network goes down or your Zoom call drops out, what do you think is going to need to happen to kind of bring that, to fix that problem or to mitigate that problem? I can talk to you from a network provider perspective. So it's building in that resiliency, building in those redundant paths and so on and our networks that allow for, you know, the seamless uptime that customers are expecting for some of their critical applications. Well, sometimes the customers will take this into their own hands and say, hey, I'm going to buy from two different providers and I'm going to get different paths and so on. But many of our customers will say, hey, I'm looking for a redundant architecture from one provider. I want, you know, one necktie to pull if there's an issue. We want you to manage all the diversity and survivability issues. And so, you know, that's a big part of us providing those services, not just the bandwidth and providing it where and when they need it, but also providing it reliably as Ken and Robert have talked about. What are the benefits of going to one provider?  Yeah, I think your point, George, there's certainly an economic component, but I think there's also a, you know, the reason they're asking for the reliability is because it is such a critical service. I'm going to one provider to say, look, I need you to guarantee and show me all the maps of where your fiber is going. Show me that it's actually redundant and or diverse in the case where they're asking for dual paths and sometimes it's a little tougher when the customer is trying to manage that where they, you know, go to two different providers and they got to count on the two providers to have, to Robert's earlier point, accurate depictions of their routes and show and collaborate and say, hey, here's a crossing point and collaboratively work to figure those things out. Whereas think one with a single provider, certainly there's an economic component where we can offer potentially a better package price, but also that knowledge of the network that again would be all in our network that we can say, yep, this is certifiably diverse and will therefore give you the reliability and redundancy that you're looking for. Thank you. And, you know, just to kind of jump on that one, I think that's where you see a lot more SD-WAN solutions and deployments come into play, right? So as we mix traffic, you know, important traffic or you have things that aren't time sensitive, you have to prioritize. So I think networks in general just getting smarter and smarter to control that traffic flow and prioritize the things that need to, that are really time sensitive. Well, moving on, we sort of started this out with this notion of like transforming the transformers. So like bringing digital transformation to the telecom industry to affect like how do they do their business processes? How do they roll out the physical network? And how do they improve their engagement and the accuracy and the reliability with customers? I mean, how do you see kind of this idea of like, you know, bringing digital transformation into the telecom industry, extending Gartner's notion of hyper automation where they sort of started out in the enterprise with process mining and finding ways, not just to do one off of automating things but using process mining to identify all of the candidates and automate that process. Like how is the telecom industry gonna be able to take advantage of these same kind of concepts? Yeah, I think the world we're living in right now came on us sort of in a very unexpected kind of way and the demands have been tremendous on providers of all types. And I think the industry has stepped up and met the challenge of this new world, you know, through brute force at the end of the day. You know, they've done a lot of building, they've spent a lot of money, they've enabled a lot of things on their networks. And again, they've met the challenge to date. I think the next phase of this is really around, you know, introducing technology to drive, you know, a better user experience, you know, speed and ultimately, you know, better profitability into really starting to leverage these assets that have been put in place.  But at the end of the day, we've put a lot of money into the game now. Now we can introduce technology as phase two and really start to improve the experience and ultimately profitability of that investment that's been made. Thank you. And George, I'd add to that too, that again, from a life path perspective, you know, we've got some, you know, very physical things that we do, and you mentioned it earlier, right? Like we go out in the relay fiber in the ground or put it on, you know, utility poles and so on. And so, you know, establishing that high capacity flexible network platform is job one. But then building automated processes and systems to provision, monitor and adjust services is really, you know, a big part of the automation process for us. So it's not just about investing in our networks, but you know, we also have to make and are making major investments to upgrade our back office and provisioning systems so that orders can flow through our systems with less manual intervention. As Robert said, that's good for us because it'll be, you know, more profitable to do that but also good for customers because, you know, they'll get a much better experience and much quicker turnaround time, a much more resilient and flexible network that they'll be provisioned on. So it brings benefits to all, but that's the tech automation that we're seeing as a provider that we need to implement in our. You know, speaking of fiber, I heard that like Facebook was starting to experiment with fiber robots. I believe it was Africa or some place like that where they would go along on the power lines and reduce the cost like a thousand fold from humans like having to manually do it. I mean, it sounds sort of far-fetched and that it was in Africa. I mean, it's like, okay, well there's probably less regulations and safety considerations, but is that something that you could see, you know, here in the US anytime soon or you've considered? I don't know about that specific innovation, but absolutely. I mean, we're looking at better ways to put our fiber either in the ground or, but you know, we're talking about Manhattan. In my case, the Manhattan or the Burroughs and so on. There are some restrictions that I have to deal with, but yeah, I mean, you know, so we're definitely looking at ways to do that more efficiently, but there's some, you know, some physics involved in getting through the ECS conduit system in the greater New York area. Thank you. John, you were gonna say something?  And, you know, when we talk about transforming the transformers, I mean, traditionally in the telecom environment, we haven't cooperated internally in our own departments. Finance didn't want anybody telling them what they needed to do in their systems. Ops guys are constantly kind of on the defensive trying to plug holes and adapt systems. So until we, as an organization, start to, you know, look at a holistic view, you know, you use Google or Apple or anyone else that, you know, you're buying those types of devices from start to finish, you know, it's an end-to-end automated and we've never really looked at that in telecom. We're starting to focus on that C2B interface and then it falls off again on the back. So until we change the nature of how these organizations internally have to be able to work together and, you know, stop the separate decision-makings, it's going to be hard to change that process.  But these are, you know, these are people and until we in telecom start to give the same type of service, right? I've joked yesterday about my son, he won't buy something if he has to talk to somebody. Well, those are the same people that are going to be the purchasing managers. They're going to be in our vendor ecosystem coming along here somewhere. They're going to be the buyers and, you know, we better start to get on this transformation and adapt to that. Yeah, John, I couldn't agree more. I mean, we're talking about this in our company and we're talking about how do we optimize the customer experience? And to your point, more and more of these customers are expecting a, you know, either single touch resolution if they talk to somebody and or I want a full digital experience. I want, you know, my customer experience to be completely digital. So, you know, trying to adapt our systems to enable not only flow through provisioning for us, but for our customers is really a big part of making sure we can meet customer needs going into the future. Yeah, great. I think just real quick to add there, we had talked a little bit about process mining and the importance of it. Believer in process mining is a lot, but it's got to change. It's got to be a comprehensive across. But I think a lot of Phil and anybody in his experience would probably say you could, you spend a lot of time on process mining of the systems right now, but I can tell you what you're going to find is you can't improve the process on the system that you have and the way it's interfacing. So I think folks are going to find a lot of that. So... Well, like in the telecom industry, what are the unique sort of process mining challenges? I mean, here, you know, you're not just like ERP and CRM.  How do you see that sort of showing up and what's going on to sort of bring a comprehensive view of process to the table? Yeah, I mean, I can speak to the network provider piece and that is that, you know, so a big part of what we're trying to do as well is access and use data across all kinds of different systems and do that with the help of data warehousing. You know, because we may have systems that will talk to each other and we're upgrading our systems to allow us to do that even better. But there are some systems that are suited, you know, really well for the OSS, part of the order management equation and others that are better for the customer resource management part of the equations here, I'm part of the equation, but making sure that we can harness all of that data in those very systems and, you know, very systems for billing and so on, harness all that data and all those systems to make good business decisions is really a big part of what we're trying to modify and change towards is be able to harness all that data in those very systems through data warehouses. Thank you. So there's a lot of different trends that are coming down the pike in terms of, you know, digital transformation, you know, ranging from like we mentioned, process mining to accurate location insights and ecosystem engagement and edge data centers. I mean, what do you think are the top trends for folks to keep an eye out over the next couple of years in the telecom industry? Robert, John? We'll pass that one to Phil first. Sure, I mean, for me, there's a reason I went to and got out of the telecom sector. We got a lot of the heavy lifting. No, I think it makes sense in the sense that, you know, I think it all starts being able to do some of this digital transformation and allow somebody's digitization and digital experiences to happen with the customers. It starts with that next generation network, right? I mean, you know, we're implementing an upgraded network, an optical network that will allow, you know, 800 gigabits per second per wave and up to 48 of those waves on the single pair of fiber.  And then as I mentioned, it's really that automated and flow through provisioning from our CRM systems to the network, I think is a, you know, an important trend. We're seeing more and more capabilities and integrated systems and platforms that allow us to take that great amount of bandwidth though and provision and handle orders from customers efficiently. And I think the exciting part, John touched on this already is the exciting part of that is not only that's going to be to the benefit of light path that we can, you know, more efficiently manage those orders and provision those orders and so on, but ultimately we want to hand some of that control to our customers, you know, in the form of services, maybe initially like bandwidth on demand, where, you know, people get that sort of app like response in terms of being able to dial up and down bandwidth or turn up and down circuits and so on. But ultimately, you know, doing the full ordering process, but those are the kinds of things, I think the trends that we're seeing that's really making some of what we talked about real and applicable for customers. George, you mentioned ecosystems and that's core to what we're all about and the adoption and the participation in ecosystems I think is, you know, not only in our industry, but across industries is a pretty excellent development. And you think back to, you know, when we all use LinkedIn every single day, it's an ecosystem, we find information there, we buy things there now, we do all kinds of things on LinkedIn and our daily business lives were on LinkedIn, you know, at least I am multiple times a day. So that ecosystem, you know, the adoption, the participation, I think there is an evolving, you know, fear of missing out right now, you know, if you're not in the ecosystems, you know, are you missing opportunities? Are you missing opportunities to see quotes and action quotes? I think it's a really interesting evolution of the way people are going to share information, you know, and ultimately get to good data by sharing that information. And with that good data and that sharing of information, you know, speaks to, you know, location intelligence and, you know, the accessibility of that location intelligent, it's sort of a self-fulfilling kind of mechanism that the flywheel starts to run. And the more demand you bring into the ecosystem, the more supply comes into the ecosystem and everybody benefits from that intelligence, it just gets better with every transaction that takes place. So ecosystems in our industry are really exciting and evolving quickly. How does the ecosystem in the telecom world work? I mean, you know, in LinkedIn, you've got your likes and your posts, but how do you improve the speed of engagement and cooperation and, you know, drive benefit for everyone through these kind of ecosystems? Well, from my perspective, it's driven by buyer density as we would refer to it. The more demand that comes into ecosystem, the more suppliers want to be in the ecosystem. And when the suppliers come in, they bring, you know, building lists and the intelligence about their network. And then that, you know, the buy side demand, creating that, the supply side coming in and bringing really, you know, good current intelligence to the accuracy equation is what feeds the machine. I think we're ultimately going to get to a place where it has things like, you know, I like this, I don't like that kind of thing. There's going to be some preference-based things that evolve into ecosystems. We're not there yet, but I think that will continue to evolve that way and that buy side demand is going to enable it. And whether you're a buyer or seller, you're kind of doing both at the end of the day for type two networking opportunities and so forth. So it feeds the machine and with each feed, the industry information gets better. How do you see that buy side piece changing? You know, particularly with like the aggregation and the community effect, you get to sort of like the MVNO, but for these more hardwired services where maybe you go to a Best Buy or something like that and do your, buy your telecom equipment. Like how do you kind of see that piece kind of evolving and growing and in concert with the folks that are actually providing the services? That's a good one. I mean, I'm not sure I have a crisp answer to that one. That's a little bit down the road for us right now, but when you think about the buy side of the equation, we're back to my original point and the Google example, it's around giving them access to what kind of connectivity exists to every particular location and how they can access and ultimately purchase that in a very sort of frictionless or seamless kind of manner. You know, we connected to FIBO, we're serving the buyers and the sellers of network connectivity. We're not speaking to the enterprise or your example, the retail kind of establishment at this point in time. We're providing this buyer-seller ecosystem at this stage. Thank you. Yeah, I would probably agree in there, you know, as when you look at who and what is that ecosystem, you know, what Robert described there, like we're a complementary to the telecom providers as being part of that vendor ecosystem. So, you know, as connected to FIBO can provide all that location in those accuracies and you know, I think Best Buy is what took Robert out of his thought train there because it took me out there when you got there. We got bigger problems to deal with before we get down that road, but that would be nice. But Jazz, so when you talk about then, how do you continue that speed to delivery when you found your information accuracy, your location and where are things and those buyers and sellers getting information to make a decision? Like that's where we then try to help to go towards, you know, the fills and other people of the world is with the way to speed it up is get everybody talking same language, right? If you can't get everybody to adopt an MEF API methodology of bonding and everybody up on the same, it's not real, it's realistic in that it's a simple standard but not necessarily simple to implement for every type of organization. So we looked at creating things of, we're not the de facto standard for ordering all services, but we've created a standard way for everyone to talk to each other in the same way and we'll handle it on the backside. So you can have your cake and eat it too, you can tell your customers, you have to bond with me this way, but the customer doesn't, they can enter through our portal and we'll give you the information the way you want it. So that's again, evolving that ecosystem into intelligent ways to bring automation to where there wasn't and bring automation to everybody in one type of gateway that really hasn't existed before. Well, I would say, John, if that can speed up the ordering and delivery process, that's from at least from more of a consumer side of things and an enabler for some of these new technologies. Today, when we go out and try to find a connectivity solution, you have to go into the market, find out who the player is, find out who has infrastructure. It's a very time consuming and tedious process. And I think when we talk about the innovation needed to stay up with just the quickly growing transformation of applications and data, it's quick to markets, right? It's quick to provision something and you can go out to these hyperscalers and buy a server and have it stood up in hours. In connectivity, it takes weeks, if not months, to get something installed. So I think if some of those newer capabilities shrinks the provisioning time down, that's gonna be key to meeting the needs, right? Yeah, you're absolutely right. And so you're absolutely right, like the Cloud guys, yeah, you can literally go on, depending on what you're doing, if you're just looking for a simple storage, hours is too long, you can spin that kind of stuff up pretty quickly. Robert can provide a lot of information quickly. We can enable a carrier to get an order quicker than they have before and for actually running. Like a lot of the problems with those off net was just error after error of people not knowing what the carrier really wanted. So we saw things like that, but you're absolutely right. If we got that order to somebody 10 days quicker than it used to be, if it's then stopping at a manual process because the technology of systems and how to go beyond manual process or provisioning and people dispatching, other than maybe that very last mile at some point. Yeah, we just got an order to somebody to hold it up quicker, so, but... Yeah, great point, John. The other side of this ecosystem conversation is the partnerships that we can establish within our industry, like the one between Connected to Fiber and Newstar. At the end of the day, we can take it through the CPQ or the Configure Price Quote element and with our partnership with Newstar, we can get right to ordering, all in the same interface, seamless and really allowing people to drive efficiency into the way they operate. So those partnerships, and it's just not the two of us, there's a myriad of opportunities for those partnerships to improve the user experience, drive efficiency into the process, drive errors out of the process and sort of do it in one interface. So it's a pretty exciting opportunity. I agree, and I won't hold up too much longer. We're not only looking at it as creating that ordering process, what we're also allowing you to do is close the multitude of loops that are manual process behind it. So if you got that order, we can... And anybody doing this, they need to provide the partner, the ability to take that information and close out their financial systems or say this is ready for invoicing, improve the accuracy of inventory systems by pushing that information of the circuits that turns the cost into them, interfacing with the Salesforce so they don't even have the CR systems, they could do it all from the internal CRM systems and just interface with this. So we're not tied to, you have to CR interface, we're providing you an interface that you can use in many fashions and flexible and close the loop to your monitoring systems, your assurance systems, all of those things. So when you talk about that hyper automation side, C2F and folks like us and others, we're not just trying to focus on our app, we're trying to give you an avenue out of those systems to close many manual loops and remove those manual processes. And George, as both Robert and John are mentioning, I can testify to the benefits of both their systems because I talked about some of the investments and upgrades we're making within like that, but of course, customers will buy service from us and we'll have to maybe work with another carrier to deliver a full service and whether it be Robert, in fact, that a fiber and now knowing that we can go to one place and either show our wares in terms of where we have on the buildings and services and so on and or look to Robert's tool to help us figure out which carriers have services in those locations to help fulfill an order. And then John's group can help us with not only the Robert on the buying process, John on the fulfillment process. So the automation that we're doing within like path can certainly be a benefit for services, not just on like path, but as we work with other carriers and ultimately fulfill orders that require a couple of carriers, this automation now won't be just a silo like path things would be an automation that would go across the multiple carriers that are required to sometimes fulfill orders. When you're working with other carriers on projects, how do you simplify the semantics, like the way that you kind of describe the orders and the elements? Like what are the kind of problems that you've run into and how are those becoming easier to address using tools like C2F and Newstar to help kind of harmonize the way you make sure everyone's describing things in the same way. Yeah. Well, part of it is just the existence of these tools, C2F and Newstar as that kind of broker between so that they're forcing us to basically use that standard, right? So I don't mean forcing the bad way. I mean, let's put it this way, before a C2F or other services like that, I mean, we would literally have to go to every carrier and say, okay, here's our on-net building list, here's the services we offer there and give it to them in their specific way that they want to ingest that data, here's the pricing, here's the term info and blah, blah, blah. And now, we at least have that ability to go to one source and say, hey, we want to be able to say, here's our building list, here's our offerings and so on and know that in fact, the fiber is being exposed to multiple carriers. So on the actual buying process, buying and selling process, that's kind of by de facto great standard. And then similarly with, once we start turning into orders and the fact that Robert and John are talking together and having their systems talk as well, but when we get to orders now, again, using a Newstar is that ASR Clearinghouse, essentially is that creating that de facto standard to allow. What does ASR stand for? Access service request. So as we request a service from another carrier, it goes in a very standardized format. So we get orders flowing to us from those carriers and vice versa. How do you think the role of edge data centers is gonna change this whole conversation? Not that anyone knows exactly what it is.  And how might that need to change to really support the mass rollout of edge data centers and 5G and whatnot? You know, I think that's something that in Volta we're looking at that whole ecosystem. And I think each industry that's trying to identify the edge market or the edge data center usage is a little bit different, right? So you take automated vehicles, they have a different use case than like factory automation. And each one of them, I mean, I look at it like this is it's all about data and getting the data to the right place and back to the system or the user that needs to utilize it, right? So if you take a look at smart cities and the deployment of pens and, you know, 5G integration I think there's a tremendous amount of data that's gonna be received and it has to go somewhere. And something has to make decisions based on data and first of it has to parse it out to say what's important to the decisions that have to be made and then get it to the right location. So as you think about it, it's really a distribution of a lot of the compute out to where the data is coming in that can be parsed through and made use of. So as you think about that from a network connectivity and you go from an end to end solution it's everywhere, you know, from 5G to, you know the cellular bandwidth, whether it's fiber, you know connecting to those cellular towers and then how does it get back to some of the very large, you know, hyperscalers that are gonna retain and do a lot of AI or how do you get it back into automated vehicles or back into the manufacturing components that are making on the fly adjustments. I mean, if you think about it it's all over the board, right? And each industry is gonna figure out how to commoditize that if you will or utilize it and they're each gonna need it but there's no doubt that the bandwidth that's transferring that information around is gonna have to be fast. It's gonna have to be reliable because you can't stop manufacturing because you have an outage, right? I mean, you have to keep that manufacturing up all the time and some of that data that's going back and forth is gonna be life health, you know, type of data, life safety, I should say where it has to get to the end user or the system that's making those choices. So I think the speed, the bandwidth as well as the reliability all come into play. Thanks. Georgia, you know, I'll add in just to real quick. I mean, you know, I think, as you mentioned this is kind of early stages for edge data centers and you know, it's kind of people are kind of figuring out how to what applications require it and so on and we'll take advantage of that and Ken talked about some of the requirements. One of the things that we're seeing is that certainly the wireless carriers as they're now starting to deploy centralized radio access nodes. I mean, this has become a real tangible driver that says, hey, you know, because of latency needs as I try to centralize the intelligence that's otherwise sitting at a tower and I wanna centralize, say 10 or so towers of processing power into one location. That can only be 10 kilometers and maybe a little bit more away from those towers and I need an edge data center whether they say it as that as such. So give me fiber connectivity and can I put on my centralized, you know processing power in that? Now that's, you know, one key application that's tangible real that I think will help drive edge data centers but there are many more that Ken talked about too that can start taking advantage of those areas that are now a little closer to in this case wireless inscribers closer to the actual end users and the consumers of the data and so obviously lower latency. So I think that'll open up the floodgates for a whole bunch of applications that can now start using these locations. Just as I do apologize for jumping in here George the conversation I feel like we could go all afternoon. Unfortunately, we are essentially out of time. So with that, I'm going to get things wrapped up a little bit here. George, again, thank you so much for being with us today and panelists, thank you very much. And to our viewers, thank you very much for being here as well. Those first 100 registrants we hope you enjoyed your lunch. Make sure to visit us at jsa.net to register for more upcoming JSA virtual roundtables including our next one, which takes place November 18th where some industry leaders will talk about positioning our industry for the next days of digital transformation something that we're all talking about right now. And so that is a wrap. So look out for the playback for today's roundtable coming soon to JSA TV and JSA podcast on YouTube, iTunes, iHeart, Spotify and more maybe even in the metaverse, right? We didn't get to talk about the metaverse today but I think we'd all love to talk about that again at a future roundtable. So stay tuned for that. In the meantime, happy networking and we will see you soon. Thanks everyone for being here today, we appreciate it. Thanks guys.