Next question is from DM Caruso 93. How would you guys recommend incorporating neck training into a routine neck training?  So I'm assuming you guys did a lot of neck training. So we, we did, but also that wasn't a big emphasis. And we, we would start out as like sort of warm up drills and we'd have a partner sort of kind of applying pressure to one side and we do isometrics with it. But honestly, for the neck training, stuff's a little sketchy to me in terms of like what I feel comfortable with training a client with, even if they're an athlete and just the constant load and what I had to account for having a helmet on for the entire practice did a ton for me in terms of like building my neck strength and then also like just just deadlifting, you know, by itself. So, you know, I tend to steer people away from this whole like isolating neck specific type exercise. Yeah. No, you have to have like any exercise, good technique, good form. And you have to be very careful because one of the weakest body parts that we have and one of the body parts that has some of the worst dysfunction is the neck forward head is a big deal. And so if you have forward head and then you train your neck and do neck exercises with this dysfunction, you're asking for a lot more problems. Yeah. You're asking for neck pain and problems. So the way that I would train the neck initially, if you've never worked your neck out is by working on getting better posture. I would do like chin tugs. Yeah. Like the wall test, right? Like in MAPS Prime, where you're up against the wall and you create those points of contact, you push that, that, that nodule at the bottom of your, of your skull into the wall and you do what's called like traction, where you're trying to elevate your neck, you're trying to elongate your neck and press back at the same time, strengthen your neck with these exercises first, get good function. Then you can move more to these like traditional strength training exercise where your neck where, by the way, don't use any weight at all, unless you already have a strong functional neck, but it's as easy as like literally, you know, leaning forward and, you know, you know, bringing your head back or leaning on your back and bringing your chin forward or going side to side. Now here's the cool thing. Once you have good function, everything's moving right. The neck develops very quickly. So if you have like a pencil neck or whatever and you need a bigger, stronger neck, that for some reason, that muscle in my experience, just develops very, very quickly. So I love to progress the wall. I would start somebody, first of all, never did with weights for people. I think it's a bad idea for most people. And it's just the risk versus reward in it. And like Justin said, if you're playing a sport, you just carrying the helmet around doing that's going to be enough to Sal's point, if you get really strong and you already have excessive forehead, you're only going to strengthen that, right? Make that worse. So I would start with the wall test, which is just the basic chin tucks where you're getting that down. And then to progress that, I would actually do it off the floor. So head lifts off the floor. So you lay face down.  Yeah, you're not looking up. Yeah, you're not looking up. You're just lifting the head up into neutral spine and then holding and hold for five seconds, relax, lift the head up, hold, hold for about five seconds and not tell you what, it's that's work. It's just the weight of the head and then trying to lift your head up into neutral spine and that isometric hold, you're going to develop some strength in the neck and there's a lot less risk. There are some interesting products now that look like they're a little safer options in terms of adding resistance where I don't know if it's called the halo. Yeah, I saw that with Joe Rogan did a course before. Yeah, I've seen DeFranco do some stuff with it that that did make sense. But again, the prerequisites is, you know, making sure you have that proper function, you can put, you can stack your, your spine and get alignment and you understand how to put yourself in a good position first before we start adding stress. 100% 99% of the people watching this or listening to this right now, like work on neck function. That's all the workout that you need. It will strengthen your neck. It'll, but it'll also strengthen and develop good function. Then from there, which will take you a while. So it's not like you do it for a week and like now I can go, you know, load my neck, do it for a while to your neck feels really strong. You've got the movement down. You've got great function. Then you can start working on some light loading. I mean, back in the day when I was doing a lot of grappling, I remember we would have these wrestlers that would come in to train with us and they taught me how to neck bridge. And then I would do, I'd roll all the way back to my nose and I'd walk wrestlers when crazy. Oh, I did all kinds of stuff on my neck. Now here's the thing. I don't understand neck function.  Well, now I have terrible neck mobility, rotational mobility and I 100% blame me doing all that crazy stuff without having the prerequisites before.   Oh, it's the worst thing. It's way worse than sore legs.


Human rights. Why are they so important, and are they British? My name is David Maxwell Fife. Let me tell you my story. 1945. World War II has just ended. The Allies capture some of the leading Nazis who had almost destroyed civilised Europe. The world demands justice. I'm a British Conservative politician and lawyer, and have been sent by the British government to prosecute the Nazi leaders at the Nuremberg Trials, a land mark of him for international justice, where we showed the world the full extent of horrors the Nazis had committed, where we sought justice. It got us thinking, how do we stop these horrors from happening again? We realised the road to the gas chambers was paved with the denial of the basic rights of Jews, of gypsies, of homosexuals. How could we better protect those rights? The answer was human rights laws. The idea of human rights had been building for hundreds of years, to not just say that people had the right to life, the right to freedom of religion, to freedom from slavery, freedom from arbitrary arrest, freedom of speech, but to enshrine those rights in law. So after Nuremberg, the international community came together. I and others created the European Convention on Human Rights, the first time in history where all the things a person needs to be free were set down in writing and protected by law. Friends, now as in my time, some argue that we don't need human rights laws to protect people from the state. Let me tell you, the lessons from Nuremberg must never be forgotten. As years pass, memories fade. We forget that the cruel barbarian is not behind us, but always underneath us, ready to rise up. We must always be vigilant. At Nuremberg, we saw the lowest of humanity. In the aspiration of human rights, we see the highest. Every generation must understand what happened in those dark times and renew and strengthen its commitment to basic human rights. What could be more precious than that?


I'm going to hold him for just a minute. As far as I know, unlike his predecessor, there should be no problems after I've been here. That's right. First of all, welcome to my country. Incidentally, because you'll probably be meeting him sometime, there's a Senator Stone who is on this return to my country. So you and I will go over and have a picture taken over there. And then I'll write it and I want you to look at it. Prime Minister, welcome. I'm going to hold him for just a minute. I'm very proud of you, Mr. President. Madam President, I'm very proud of you. And who are you? You and I will go over here for a picture. And then we're going to take a picture first. We're going to talk about the document, respectively. I'm glad that the relationship has improved in our two countries. And we will be sending them back to your country before too long. Thank you. We hope to be. Ambassador Finn. Mr. Ambassador. I love that. Thank you. And Mrs. Muller. I do, Mr. President. See you. And so. You and I will go over and have a picture taken over there. And then you open it and it shows yes. And the Vice President is looking forward very much to his visit next month to your country. We're very pleased with the relationship that we have with Finland. Mr. President, what do you think about the budget compromise being hammered out on the web? Do you like it, sir? I like the photo op. Mr. President, have you gone there? Are you going to ask for more aid, sir? Thank you, sir. Well, don't forget it. And put it off. Thank you. Thank you. This is great.


Okay, now it's on. Hello! Hello! Press the one that says sound, and then you'll get the... Oh, yeah. We got it. What have you set up? I've put it on 38. 38? No. Um, not for one, but yeah. So, this? No. No, no, that's for sure. I'm not entirely sure to be fair. Yeah. But I think that's just for the... Yeah, it could be. I'm not entirely sure. So, we set it up here? Yeah. Can we open in a minute? Hello! Here we go, String. Here we go. It's a... I might have some more. Go on. Yeah, yeah. That's pretty good. Hello. How are you? How are you doing? Good, we're doing... What are you doing? I'm facing us. Yes. I've got a space in the middle. What are you doing? I said don't ask. And he said something didn't do. No, I don't know. No, I don't know. I've placed six of them. Three, yes, three. And three, yes, three. I'm facing us to see what it is. I don't know. No, I don't know. Thank you.  There we go. Yeah. Yeah, basically. Yeah. Yeah, yeah. There's more. Oh, hello. I'm going to go up the next one. Hello. It's quite lost. I'm doing it where they thought. I'm going to go up the next one. Yeah, right. It's a little bit more. It's a little bit more. It's a little bit more. Yeah. I'm going to step out. I'm going to step out. Let's check you out. What's your name? Best of the best. Do you work for the corner? Water in the green? Yes. I work for the big mall and the restaurant. It's for a whole lot of people. It's for a whole lot of people. It's a pigeon. Oh, right. I think you're a good man. It's cool. Thank you.  I am. Water in the green? Yes. How can you do that? You're doing well. I'm doing well. I'm doing well. I'm doing well. I'm doing well. Please. I'm doing good. I'm doing good. I'm doing good. I'm doing good. And, um, um, yeah, I think it's a good one. Well then. Oh, you really do. Oh, yeah. Yeah. That's a good one. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. Yeah. My parents think it's up to me to make a story. And, um, we'll be, we'll be coming. Yeah. Uh, this one's all over there. Oh. We're going that way. How fun. You're going to do a whole round. Oh, yeah. Yeah, I'm going to try and do it that way. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, all right. Yeah. Um you've got to put this on. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah. Is that cool? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.  When we come back, there's a new video. Um, I got to make a story with that. So, yeah, I'm going to start by making a story. I'm not sure. Morning, Beth. Morning. Yeah, sort of. No, not really. I was better than that. Yes. That's your coffee, David. Yeah. Oh. I'm not sure. I really feel like I've missed that one. Yes. I really feel like I've missed that one. Yeah. I'm getting used to seeing you all now. There's not many names. Some of them. No. I feel like I've missed that one. Yeah. Yes. So, I think at least I've missed this one. In many scouts, some like me. Some like me. I didn't make it. If you kill all of them, the both of them are going to attack one of them. They'll stay in the match until they come back in. So, as you're about to... Team out. Now, we can have it. Most of them. Yeah. Say that coming. Again. Come on. There is a way where you can actually go to the last stage and just get the timing right. Why don't you come and watch? Okay. Yeah. Mostly by my own doing. So, I'm going to spend that time, like, right, using some of the game for a couple of minutes. I'm just... Right, guys. And everyone is healthy. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Oh, gee. Actually, do we first... Try that nose again. With your hand on the chair. Kill a week later. Okay. Look this way pilot. Make sure you get lots of pictures. I'm not really sure. Have that. Have that. I don't know. How do you make it? You can do it yourself. You can do it yourself. You can do it yourself. You can do it yourself. Okay. You can do it yourself. You can do it yourself. You can do it yourself. Yeah. It's not the same, but you know, the amount of work you can put into it is very similar.  Right. So one thing I didn't do the packing for them, but I did get the kit features, which are basically all plastic bits, which then obviously you need to cover the trim and then start sanding the clothes together, sand down the paint. Yeah. Yeah, they are. I do like it. And I've got the gunner. So the one basically sees what it's in, like stand by, stand by. That one. That's it? Yeah. Yeah, that's the latest one I've done. Yeah. It's Saturday, what's the time? I think it's somewhere... As you can see, this is what it's going to be. It's going to be a resort, obviously. It's a common one. It's going to be a well-built one. That's what they do. It seems a massively good idea. That's what they do. Wow, that's a pretty good idea. It's a nice to be in the audience. You can't stop them. It's great. See, this guy, we're out here. Get him over there. Go over there. Go over here. Hey! What? What? You can't stop them. I can't stop them. What? What? I can't stop them. I can't stop them. What? How was your journey up? Okay, it's definitely the choice of it this morning and not last night. Oh yeah, it's true. How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? 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How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How was your journey up? How about you just tell them what the answer is and then you can tell them what's on the card. Time's up. What 2000 comic book movie opens at a concentration camp and ends at the Statue of Liberty. You're very close. X-Men. There you go. Yes. Yes. No, I will give an X-Men too. I'll just be clear. I think another team man contested it because the answer was X-Men. I'm not saying I'm trying. They are trying. I'm sure you'll find a way. I'm entirely fair, way too. I'm not saying I'm trying. I'm not saying I'm trying. They are trying. I'm sure you'll find a way. I'm entirely fair, way too. Take some time thinking about it. Honestly, and then we'll start the timer and you'll know when you're gonna draw. Oh well, yeah. Oh, no, no. I'm wondering. Something else is in charge of the timer. It's pretty tough. It's engineering. On-eater. It's a place you might want to go. It's generous of you.  All right. It's a place you might want to go. It's a place you might want to go. It's generous of you.  It's generous of you. It's generous of you. Okay, it's a boy. We're going to wait and see. Apparently. There you go. Act. That was a boy. No. Eek. Right, so currently編. So right now, that's radiator. Yes, we're going to go to radiator. It's radiator. That was me. So right now, it's my point to Sally. 3 and 6 points to the room and 7 points to me and Arthur mostly me you got, you got don't, don't stop us, you know what I'm saying or terror when was two person Charles ever been a thing? so you're clear of the rules might as well change that question alright, tough question in what film will you find the military serial number DN38416 nope, nope in what film will you find the military serial number DN38416 nope, nope I might have any clues for them oh, of course not I'm not allowed to give you a clue how did you get that? she's out, you won't want to stop running she just said to me where is the fish oh dear oh trust me who shot at you all? 8 to Arthur, 7 to Sally oh I'm not trying to I'm not trying to let's just make Mark some a bit of a makeover and do some of your comments there aren't any prizes but how about, how about we'll do one question for Sally and then we'll do another question for her oh no, yes, yes only Sally can answer, it's got 1, 2 points to win I'm going to give you the easiest question no question you're going to get this if anyone was present at Sally, that's fine in what film will you find the lifeboat Narcissus oh well done, Sally you get 2 points for that well done you win what a shock that was a little 100% take bar again that's it everybody we'll do a group photo which will need 5 minutes to arrange and set, stalling for time staring at Sapphire and then we'll begin herding team squirrel, you're up you don't have to do it if you don't want to but we're going to try for our team thank you everyone that's a small thing that's it, oh no never mind you might find a medium left well, I'm just hoping that's probably right not that many small photos can we find just probably enough no, you're done you need to draw a photograph not one of us has a beard, that's no you've got a minute you've got this hour let's split oh no, it's not my list you know how things always seem seem smaller to get older I'm pretty sure I miss, yeah, Sam and Darren earlier that I kind of wished they had been four size like four size this is too perfect well no, they've got them four I was going to open these ones just to let you know this was good but they were pretty good so they're not necessarily happy timing things here they're the same way that most people think of like heavy raincoats at least judging by where there have been a lot of people around me on three I grew up playing with the brothers but it's like so it's a good money because I've got friends and other but I like the brothers and they play I don't know if I can ask them if they like the boys if they like his brother or if they marry a wife or if he gets one of them I don't know I'm not sure if they like it but it's probably a good call from a friend of mine he has always tried to get an event so I met him at the hall as well on TV and he did he's one of the best players I've ever met I think he has I think he has I think he has I think he has I think he has I think he has I think he has but if I'm to this woman we're הב I'm leaving them but I think , but I think I'm going to post it up before they release it because I'm produce irrelevant So the N64 was the gift for my family from like a tradition, if you happen to buy something for a machine company when you're a kid, it's a scary thing, but there is a fact that you get one large vehicle that's effectively almost like a big present, but you get that as a well done production of your surgery, and mine is in console, so I have the choice of the next day's day. So you have to wave up the pipe all the way to the end of the ambulance, and when you're in the ambulance, you have to wave up the pipe all the way to the end of the ambulance, and then you have to wave up the pipe all the way to the end of the ambulance, and then you have to wave up a pipe and when you're in the ambulance, you have to wave up the pipe all the way to the end of the ambulance, and you have to wave up the pipe all the way to I'm a character, so I was like, I don't know about myself. I'm not quite used to the office, like every character is important to you. It's totally important to me, and it's a nice experience that I'm making sure. I just have to go to the office, and it's like a maternity or a delivery, so it's a different version. That was a part of my recent life, Christmas and the last few years. I'm not a dream cast person, and one of them is me. I remember this bit. Can you hear now? There we are! Anyway. That's so cool. No, no. Can you hear me? Yeah, I think so. I'm going to have to speak now, like there's an arcade experience where it's not the same, like an Amy and I, like the arcade game, like the Japanese drug game. So, there's quite a few great dimensions on how to create that game, and the family, the most recent projects that have been released, and the newest version of the game, I think it's kind of something that many, many, many hours of exploration of the game, but I hope you can see the way it's created. You pick up somebody's extension, it doesn't matter if you're not here, go see a little player, and that is a product that I've come from, and it's not something that I've seen pretty often in games, where you can get control over it, and then you get the drug, but then, I've got the most great and obviously I just have to pull in the drugs for it, but I think it's great, because we don't have so much pain even though we've put it out. It's really pretty. It's one thing at first, if you want to have a go at yourself, it's a bit of a yeah, I can VR as well, but in that case, you've got a lot of VR experiences now that are like one-to-one spaces, so one of them is the door, and everything's now, and I think for those of you who play VR, you'll want to have AR games, which we've got very similar games, so don't do it again. So those are like, the room, and it'll be like, the floors and the walls, sometimes if you see them, they're like sensitive LCD displays, and you play games by interacting with them, so some of them, like, you'll be able to play digital sports from them, some of them, like you'll get a physical platform, you'll have to jump from the screen, try to jump, because they are the IT experience. That's why you go there, you play for a little bit, and you don't worry about it. But that's why I always imagine for me, I was going to be here, but the monthly is too expensive, unless you're used to VR, most people aren't going to go out and play VR, that's why I suggest you try to have playstations under VR here. I was surprised by that. Yeah, and then you show it up like, my man, it's me, my integrated team, my VR title, and they're really struggling to do that, they're really struggling to do that. They don't want to do that, they don't want to do that. So it's like, it's really expensive but yes, it's almost as much as in some other PlayStation games. Yeah, it's a nice little PSDR2, but I'm just getting a little bit of message, if I knew that, if I knew for a little bit, if I could adjust it by the price of the other PlayStation, I'd just buy one for me, so I'll make a decision, and then I'll start. Yeah, yeah, yeah, although like, would anyone like a pensioner to have a tap house? Yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, it's not fun just doing new ones. I really love new ones, yeah. Remember that time period, when I was like 5, 6 years ago, where I was everything, and you do things like wearing 8 bit pixel art games. I'm really glad that that phrase isn't here because pixel art games can be gorgeous, but they don't do 80% with 80% with 80% pixel art games. If I can't make out what anything is Hello mate, oh my god, hello, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, I think it's a bit late for me to jump into it. I wanted to lie for a second, as well, but I didn't mean to lie. I'm just thinking about it. I'm just going to lie for a second, as well. I'm just going to lie for a second, as well. I'm just going to lie for a second, as well. I'm convinced that there's probably... I'm just going to lie for a second, as well. I'm just going to lie for a second, as well. I'm just going to lie for a second, as well. 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I will be live in a shaitan in regime Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim today's topic is earning per share and this ratio is so important that every company is supposed to report earning per share in the income statement because on the basis of this normally people work out the value of a business. Let's see the learning outcomes after going through IS 33 students will be capable of calculating basic and diluted earning per share diluted means that it reduces due to some potential shares they will find out how changes in number of ordinary shares due to bonus shares a right share affect the earning per share they will understand the potential ordinary shares which is warrants options convertible bonds and so on how they effects the earning per share and calculate the diluted earning per share the the objective to compute earning per share in a simple capital structure it means that there is only ordinary shares which we call them common share sometime so simple structure that there is no change during the year in the number of shares the ordinary shareholders and potential shares who invested widely use this ratio in evaluating the profitability of the company because last item in the income statement is reported as earning per share the greater the earning per share better it is for the business earning per share is used to calculate price earning ratio which is determined the market value of the share because this earning per share used to determine the market value of the share and that total market value of the business the basic earning per share is calculated simply profit available to the ordinary shareholders another important thing ordinary shareholders which are entitled for the dividend there are certain ordinary shareholders which are not entitled for the time being for the dividend they are not supposed to be included entitled to receive dividend for the period potential shares are the convertible prefer share convertible bonds option and warrants they are not at the moment ordinary shares but subsequently they become the ordinary shareholders because they got the right to convert them to into the ordinary shares so if there are potential shares they are supposed to be converted on a certain date so we need to use those potential shares converting after ordinary shares as a part of the number of shares and because you are adding the number of shares so that's why the earning usually reduce basic earnings a dilute for the truth in case of convertible diluted earning per share will also be calculated so if there are potential shares we need to calculate the diluted earning per share and it happens sometime while working the diluted earning per share instead of reducing the earning per share earning per share may increase so that is called anti-dilution so that is not required only the diluted earning per share is supposed to be disclosed a simple capital structure is only ordinary share in issue or basic earning per share is required a complex capital structure contains potential dilutive securities such as option warrants convertible securities both basic earning per share and diluted earning per share must be reported now let me just explain you here about this potential ordinary shares are diluted securities you know sometime company issue bonds and with that bond they attach a warrant a document warrant against this warrant you can buy the ordinary shares so that is another way that the company boost that the people should buy their bonds similarly options they are also marketable and against these options you can buy the shares but you pay for it and then you buy the share so the question here is that these are slightly a difficult part how the options and warrants we will issue and receive money and then how much share we issue them and then technically what we do normally that you got the money and with that money you buy back some of your shares because you issue the share below the market price and then you normally buy it on average price so basic earning is simple net income minus preference shares dividend if there are preference shares reduce the preference shares dividend and then the amount available to the ordinary shareholders divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares again this word weighted average you know at the beginning maybe you have ten thousand shares if you during the year let's say six six months later you should another one thousand shares so now you can see the number of shares increased but the question rise at the end you have a different number at the beginning you have a different number so what we do we need to calculate the weighted average and that average should be based on period basis for example thousand shares per six month and then add another thousand so you got two thousand now then the two thousand other six months so you can average out and that will be used to calculate the basic earning per share thank you very much


You are changing to a very good company. I am talking about those people that have what you call the freelancer reasons. You want to change from the freelancer to a very good company that has given you a very good offer to take over you. Yes, you've got what you call two more for rejects. Those rejects are not coming from the new company taking you. Those rejects are coming from the old company. The old company that has to finish up the formality with the means of labour to see that your change can be upload. What could be my best advice for you right now is you need to go back to that old sponsor. Tell the old sponsor, go with him to the Ministry of Labour, Sanaya or alcohol. Then he'll go to the counter, then he'll take out that reject. You reapply again, he'll put in his ID number, which would be the computer card number, then probably. After a few days, the ministry will approve your change of sponsorship to the new company that has a very good offer for you and where you want to go. I think that's the best advice that I can give you. Why I keep on saying this stuff? For the freelancer visa, make sure you know where your sponsor is. Make sure you know the address of your sponsor. Make sure you know the office of your sponsor. Because if anything that you definitely need, you definitely have to run to the sponsor. And the only sponsor that within his mattress, he will be the one to approve.


Hello and welcome to Town Meeting TV's coverage of Town Meeting Day 2024. This program is part of a series of forums that we are bringing you in advance of Town Meeting Day on Tuesday, March 5th. So Town Meeting TV hosts forums with all candidates and covers questions you will see on your ballot, introducing you to community decision makers and connecting you with issues that shape your local community. You can find all our forums at cctv.org slash 2024 or on our Town Meeting TV YouTube channel where auto-generated captions are available. On tonight's program, we will hear about South Burlington School District's proposed fiscal year 25 budget presented by Superintendent Violet Nichols and Senior Director of Finance and Operations, Tim Jarvis. Thank you both for joining us. If you are tuning in live, we really do welcome your questions and you can call us at<PHONE_NUMBER>. If you call in, we'll try our best to prioritize your question, though we will ask you to share your name and the town that you live in. So that being said, I'm going to turn it over to Violet and Tim and let them do their presentation. Thank you so much for having us. We're excited to speak with you all today and share some of the highlights of the proposed fiscal year 25 budget and to provide some information on how this budget supports our students and community in a fiscally responsible way. So we'll start off with sharing some of the basic budget information here. The residential homestead tax rate increase this year is 18.26. This is a significant tax increase for homeowners in South Burlington. This was a 5% number before the common level of appraisal figure came in. We abbreviate the common level of appraisal with the CLA letters. So we'll refer to it as we have this conversation. So this was a really dramatically different looking budget until we got the CLA figure on January 2nd. And I want to share some information with the community about what this means and how we got here. So two big pieces of information that we'd like folks to understand is that this tax rate of about 18% will be the exact same tax rate for any budget the district would have brought forward to the voters between 63.2 million and 71.5 million. And that's due to the mechanics of Act 127 and the education funding formula. We went from about a 5% homestead tax rate increase before the CLA to overnight looking at this number of about 18%. And I think you're going to see these numbers countywide as you start to have these conversations. So this is a dramatically different looking budget season than any we've ever experienced. I've never talked to the community before about a budget where the tax rate would remain the exact same amount with such a wide discrepancy of funding. You know 60% of our homeowners in South Burlington do pay an income sensitized tax which would relieve some of the burden produced by this common level of appraisal figure in the Ed funding formula. But the difference between what it would mean to our schools to pass this at 18% or should we ultimately have to revert to our current fiscal year budget, the community would still have a tax rate of 16.5%. But with that would come dramatically different programming in our schools with significantly reduced quality of programming looking at some devastating cuts. So tonight we're going to focus in on what this budget would prioritize which is student facing positions, elementary literacy programming and specialists to support that model of structured literacy, supporting multilingual learners and special education students and facilities upgrades associated with a recent safety audit we have, the school safety being a critically important factor in our school budget. I'll talk you through some of the mechanics of our budget here on the expenditures side. We're facing modest inflation this year. Certainly last year when we sat here Tim and I shared very different numbers with you initially in the 8% range. This year looking at modest inflation of 2.5% to 3%. We do have the impacts of our negotiated collective bargaining agreements which pay our teachers and our support staff and our administrators. Two of three of those have already been settled. And these numbers are like health insurance which you see increasing in cost not negotiable. So these are in that they're finalized for fiscal year 25. Health care is of particular concern. This is a fixed cost that's bargained for at the statewide level. But it's significantly impacting both employees and employers on the education side. If you took these two factors here alone of the collective bargaining agreements as well as the commitments associated with health care you're looking at about a 10% increase year on year from fiscal year 24. So this gives you an idea of some of the commitments that the district has financially and what would we be looking at if we rolled over the same budget given the increases that are not something that we can modify at this point in time. On the revenue side we're seeing impact fees which are offsetting the interest on our new additions. And this is coming in at about a 91% rate. So we're really looking at this expenditure for the ZEMs which are the additions on the expenditure side and the revenue side really evening out. State factors this is where our budget dramatically changed. The yield has reduced about 40% negatively impacting the school budget. Common level of appraisal the CLA factor that we've talked about is the main area of concern. South Burlington is experiencing incredible growth which we support. However, we have seen two back-to-back sharp decreases in the common level of appraisal which is this difference between what homes and real estate is selling at and what it's appraised at. So the further we get from our 2021 appraisal the more this is dipped historically and statewide that's certainly the trend. Many communities are on a wait list for reappraisals some of them being more than a decade since they're reappraised. One of the differences I think Tim and I would really like the community to understand is that South Burlington is unique and that we are one of the only districts in the entire state experiencing growth. And we support this growth and think it's a good thing for our community and that it only makes our community more desirable. However, there's a connection between this common level of appraisal dip which has been so significant two years in a row dipping 11% this year which drives up the ed tax rates. So we've been very fortunate to work closely with legislators and have opportunities to provide testimony to the House Ways and Means Committee who is helping to improve ed funding. And we did share this factor of CLA as something that we would love to see having a net or some kind of modification so that we could have more predictable budgeting but really more than that so that we could have education tax rates that our community can support and that will benefit our students. I believe statewide that that is a factor that really has high possibility for improving school budgets throughout. But as you all tune into conversations, particularly listening to districts in Chittenden County, I think the CLA will come up quite a bit and we are the economic heart of Vermont and this is a factor that has impacted Chittenden County schools particularly hard this year. So I'm going to turn it over to Tim who's going to share some historic tax rate information with you all. Thank you Violet. So this chart that you're looking at tracks both of our residential tax rates as well as our CLA over the last 10 years or so. So you can see that we experienced a period of pretty consistent steady tax rates between 2015 and 2021. In fact, the average about what we're asking for in this year's budget. So although we're asking for or actually being impacted by a higher tax rate percentage increase, the 1.6 that we're looking for really isn't inconsistent with what South Bernalton has experienced for a number of years. You see the blip in 2022, that's the year that our homes were reappraised which has a natural sort of re-equalization effect. And then as Violet indicated the last three years, since that reappraisal we have been hit very hard by the CLA impact which has a equal and opposite effect on the tax rates. This next graph shows where the increase is coming from. So the 8.6 million that you see is the extra spending that we're asking for in the fiscal year 25 budget versus our current budget. As you can imagine, much of that is tied up in salaries and wages and staff insurance and benefits simply because that's 80% of our budget to begin with. And so you would expect that with the negotiated collective bargaining agreements, staff turnover and rehiring at current wages and things like that but you would expect that to contribute largely to any increase in our budget. The second largest factor you'll see in the top left, a transfer to the Capital Reserve Fund, we and many other school districts are experiencing a severe deficit in our facilities. And in order to start putting what we call into a savings account or a rainy day fund for future needs, the school board decided to allocate 1.9 million to that Reserve Fund this year. We didn't originally propose that but with the way that Act 127 works we were able to put the 1.9 million into the budget with zero impact on the tax rate. So we felt that it was prudent. It's a one-time expense that would go into this Reserve Fund for future use. We're also in the middle of PCB testing as an example that is going on across the state. We haven't received results from that yet but we need to have some money set aside for the eventuality, whether it's PCBs, whether it's broken boilers or whatever in our aging infrastructure, we thought that it was prudent to allocate this money to that purpose. The other categories, debt service, that's what Violet was talking about in terms of last year's bond that we were able to secure from the voters. We have some principal and interest payments that are coming due but these are almost entirely offset by the collection of impact fees from New Development in South Burlington. So that's actually a bit of a wash. We do want to, we have put some specific funds into our school safety category. Act 29 is another new law that is going into effect that requires us to follow certain protocols relating to school safety and we felt that some of this money can come from the bond that was approved last year but some of it will come from our operating budget as well. And then the rest of it is really general inflation for supplies and transportation and other expenses that make up the rest of it. So that's how that extra money is being allocated. We also had a surplus from our fiscal year 22 audit of $2.27 million and Vermont statute dictates exactly how we can apply that. One way is you carry it into the next year's budget which is this year's budget as revenue and without going into all the accounting calculations associated with this when we did all of our budgeting we realized that if we chose that option we would effectively be giving this money back to the state and that the South Burlington tax voters would get no benefit from it whatsoever. So we have asked to put on to the warning for the March 5th vote that this money would also go into the capital reserve fund which we think is a prudent and tax efficient way of using those funds. So voters can expect to see that second question on the ballot on March 5th. Looking beyond fiscal year 25 this also talks about Act 127 and you can see that it was designed with the best of intentions. The intention of Act 127 was to recalculate the way that the education funding formula works and how it gets distributed to the many school districts across the state and there is a five year period that permits a certain level of grace for school districts as long as they don't exceed certain spending thresholds and in our case we did not so we're safely within that threshold number and therefore that's where the 5% tax increase came from. So as long as we were prudent and kept our spending within a certain range we would enjoy a cap of only a 5% tax increase. That's at a state level and that's again before the application of the common level of appraisal which took that 5% and transformed it into 18.26%. This only has a five year shelf life as it's currently written so what you have to avoid is artificially stuffing your budget with additional expenses that are recurring in nature which is why we really have to use as our primary lever for budgeting both on an annual basis but especially now with Act 127 that in this five year period we need to ensure that we're not adding expenses that we will be living with on a recurring basis by putting the funds into the capital reserve fund is actually a very smart way to budget our money. I think I'm going to hand it back to Violet for the staff and considerations. Thank you. So given that we're at South Burlington experiencing increases in enrollment associated with development we are proposing a pretty modest increase in staff which is a .6 full time equivalent and in other words that's about half of one full time employee district wide and we're able to support this with some model changes looking at special education with respect to the parameters of Act 173 and looking at multi-tiered systems of supports. We're trying to prioritize our elementary literacy program which is a structured literacy program research based program as well as math and literacy specialists at the elementary level. We came to these conclusions when we looked as a team and through our board reports as student assessment results so you know when we started our budget conversations we wanted to center students and to use the data that was available for qualitative and qualitative data. So you see that here also reflected in this budget is supporting multi-lingual students, social-emotional learning supports and of course school safety which is critically important and actually our number one mission is safety first and then physical safety and then education second. So to walk through some of the details of what that looks like here a school by school list of proposed modifications and these are changes from the current 2023-2024 school year by school. We are also finally sunsetting our ESSER positions so that elementary and secondary school relief funds that were provided from the government are expiring September of 24 so it was important that we make some decisions and we were able to roll over some positions here into our local budget. We're proposing to put our health and wellness educators as well as a student engagement coordinator into the local budget. Also looking at here some of the specialists so reading and math to try to bolster those early elementary literacy programs and math proficiency rates. So more information can be found on this at our website as well as funding sources. A number of these positions are grant-funded and I want to switch gears here to go back to this tax rate. We have been looking at a few different graphics to try to depict this huge change in the education funding formula which is that we are now in a position and many in Vermont because of the mechanics of Act 127 are looking at this 5% cap. So what does that look like in all actuality? The functional change is that we have this unique scenario where we could have introduced a budget of $71.5 million and why is that all the way down to a budget of $63 million and it would have yielded the same 18% tax rate and that's totally unique we've not seen this before. To achieve any lower tax rate we're looking at cuts of at least $8 million in our district so if we're going to move this number from $18.26 to $18.25 it's about an $8 million change in our school. To quantify that we're looking at significant impacts on education. Everything is being considered, nothing's been finalized but we're having to evaluate everything from the arts to world languages, athletics, programs, increasing class sizes and really quite concerned that we could even maintain education quality standards. So the difference in value that our community could get here is something that we've been discussing quite a bit. We did perform this exercise where we thought about this 9.99% tax rate which is double almost what historical rates have been and to get to that number we'd have to cut $11.4 million and that tax rate again would still be twice what historic rates are. So if we're having conversations, if the voters do not approve the budget worst case scenario we roll over our current budget taxpayers would still be seeing the 16.5% rate which is not much relief from the proposed 18.25. Again, these factors are really out of the district's control and Tim and I stand before you thinking this is a really Tim and I have both described this as a fiscally responsible budget. We both believe in prudent spending and have tried to be modest in the year-on-year increases we've included which as you can see truly includes quite a few reductions in model changes trying to introduce a fiscally responsible budget. So what does this look like for the average homeowner in South Burlington or the average condo owner? We've got some information here. We've got last year's numbers here when the CLA was about 93%. We had the 5% tax rate and up until January 2nd this is what Tim and I thought we would be sharing with folks today. When the CLA dropped 11% we then overnight saw this 18.25% tax rate. What does this mean for the average homeowner in South Burlington? That being a home valued at about $440,000. The difference between $295 and an increase of $1,000. For the average condo owner which is about a $300,000 assessed value we're looking at the difference between about a $200 and a $731 increase. So affordability is a real concern of ours. But again to drop this requires a pretty significant amount of cutting and we could still cut this by nearly $8 million and the taxpayer wouldn't see any movement on that tax rate so no reduction being really a unique factor this year. We do have about 60% of our community members who pay income sensitized tax rates. So this means that about 2 thirds of our residents will see some tax relief given the income sensitivity provisions. If the CLA had remained the same as it was for this fiscal year, 2024, the tax impact would reflect only the 5% cap. So the further increase of this 18% is entirely attributed to the CLA and it's out of the district's control. The calculated tax rate above that you see is exactly the same for any expenditure between $63 million and $71.5 million and that's due to the 5% pre-CLA cap. So it's a unique situation that even with a 0% increase in expenditures from 2000 fiscal year 24, our post-CLA tax increase would still be 16.5%. And that's due to the methodology of Act 127 and the CLA impact. So I want to share the difference with community members. I think as Tim and I have been sharing this information and we've just come from a staff meeting in one of our schools and we shared this slide here and we said, you know, they said, Violet, what happens, Tim, what happens if the budget doesn't pass and it doesn't pass and it doesn't pass and I said, okay, we could revert back to our current fiscal year budget and we all thought, oh, that's not so bad, we're living in this budget, right? But given the commitments we have between the negotiated agreements to pay staff more and health insurance, we're looking at pretty significant cuts. So to quantify, if we reverted back to this year's budget, we'd be looking at a difference of $8.51 a month for the average homeowner. And so with that, I know we've got about five minutes left and so we'd love to open it up to you all. We're happy to answer any questions from folks in the community. I do want to just point out on our slide deck here that anyone looking for more information can go to sbschools.net slash budget FY25. Reach out. We're happy to answer any questions anytime and thanks again for having us and we'll take any questions you might have. Well, thank you so much, Tim and Violet, for that important information for South Burlington residents and voters and you mentioned it towards the end there but can you just reiterate, you know, what happens if this budget doesn't pass on Town Meeting Day? So if the budget doesn't pass, we would go back to the community with a lowered budget, right? And so historically what that would mean is that the budget would lower and the tax rate would lower accordingly. This year, if we were to introduce any lowered tax rate to the community, we would have to get below $63.25 million. That would be about $8 million of cuts for our school system and that could mean dramatic differences in programming from everything from special ed services to arts, languages, athletics. We're discussing cuts as an administrative team at all levels and, you know, really have concerns as we're one of the biggest employers in South Burlington. We have 518 employees and we're concerned about the impacts that that could have on childcare and our local economy in South Burlington. We're also really mindful of the connection of the correlation between real estate values and quality of education, something that we've always felt really proud to stand before the community and say we represent South Burlington and we're having really hard conversations. I never thought I would be a superintendent discussing cutting the arts and it goes much deeper than that. Well, thank you for letting us know and then finally before we end the presentation here, can each of you just share what the most significant piece of information that you want to let voters know? I think it's really where we're talking about the impact of not passing the budget and people needing to understand what is at stake. It's hard to understand. You know, we have given this presentation many times. We have discussed Act 27 in exhaustive detail with our colleagues around the state. It's not an easy topic to understand. I mean, it doesn't make intuitive sense to people that you could have an $8 million cut and still have the same tax rate and so we need to get the word out about what is at stake and we need to have people understand the relative handcuffs that we have in terms of expenditure cutting that's not going to represent or be represented in their tax bills. I think I could boil it down to the difference between rolling over our current budget which would ultimately produce a 16.5% tax rate for the community. So still a really steep increase but for this difference of less than 2%, the quality of our educational programs could be maintained and the dollar difference between the two for the average homeowner is about $8.50 per month so I think that's the biggest piece that I want folks to understand that even if this budget is voted down and voted down and voted down it won't get lower than 16.5 which again is a historic high but I think that's really important for the community to understand. Thank you so much Violet and Tim and we really appreciate you all tuning in to Town Meeting TV's ongoing coverage of local candidates local budgets and ballot items. You can find this and many more forums at cctv.org slash 2024 or on our Town Meeting TV YouTube channel. Make sure to mark your calendars and tune in to our live election results show after you cast your ballot on March 5th at 7pm and you can contact your local clerk to find out how to obtain a ballot and to register to vote and just a reminder that in Vermont you can register to vote on Election Day. Thank you again for watching Town Meeting TV. Have a great night.


In a rhythm of the night, hey, that night, oh yeah, hey, it's just a rhythm of the night, oh yeah, it's just a rhythm of the night, night, night, night, night. It's building, JoJo!


Well, most of us enjoy humour in the workplace and the benefits we have is that it brings a warmth, an inclusion, a collegiality to the workplace. It can break up the boredom of a long hard day. It diffuses tension among groups of people. It can help people who are a little bit different to be included if they can share a joke and it can allow managers to say face sometimes and it also allows workers to sometimes challenge managers in a joking way that's not so threatening. Humour is edgier than fun. Fun has got that safe element. It's quite wholesome usually in the workplace. It's like play. It's light-hearted as part of its definition whereas humour has the dark biting side. It's a little bit risky and it's naughty. We use humour to bring out some of our things that we're not really allowed to say so it has that edge to it and the edgier and riskier it is, the funnier it is. So humour is difficult. It's risky and funny but can we get away with saying that? Sometimes we do depending on who's around us in the context and sometimes we can't. Fun stays very PC at work. People arrange fun activities that are careful but humour happens more in the moment. It's more spontaneous so you get that edge to it and that definite possibility that it just might all go horribly wrong. A good example is our Prime Minister made an off the cuff quip about someone who was in the media for a crime and he made that quick quip in the moment and it went horribly wrong and he was forced to apologise and it wasn't something he should have been light-hearted about. Now he did that very spontaneously, very quickly, probably didn't even think about it and then paid the price afterwards and that's what humour is all about. Sometimes it's that very momentary, spontaneous quip that can get you into a bit of trouble when you look back on it. And in my research I was in a law firm that started a very safe piece of humour about being politically correct PC and a very nice older gentleman started this piece of humour saying the world has gone mad, PC must be eradicated, I am the PC eradicator. Now he put this in an email and sent it round the staff with a very light-hearted approach. Unfortunately people added to it and this piece of humour got a little bit out of hand and started talking about the lesbian cartel that runs our country and that was deemed a bit inappropriate but everyone still loved and everyone thought it was funny while it stayed inside the law firm. But in email it gets out there. Three or four people sent that email out to partners and then the email got dispersed. So the next step was that email with all its content got published in a national publication naming the law firm and naming the gentleman who had started it and attributing all of the remarks to him. So my research has shown that a boundary is constructed, it's socially constructed within a workplace. It's not something we sit down and have a strategic meeting about where our boundaries to humour but it's something that everyone over time just understands where the boundaries are. So they construct them together and people just intuitively know. So a new person has trouble, they have to decode this, they have to work out where that boundary sits and as a new person it's quite difficult to join the humour until you understand what the boundaries are for that particular company that group of people that context it's very contextual. The people making the jokes I like to call them the jokers they are really good at pushing those boundaries out a little bit but they understand very well where the boundaries are. They push them and because they're good at humour and they understand the context well they are the ones who can push it.  They will say hey you've gone a bit far. I had a wonderful woman in a law firm who said keep the party clean chaps keep the party clean and and brought the boundary back in when she thought humour had crossed the line a bit. So it's all about where this boundary sits and in very formal companies the boundaries are much safer much more constricted so that comes down to company culture in a more informal small company typical of what you might find in New Zealand workplaces those boundaries can be a bit wider because people know each other a lot better. But one of the signs of humour is laughter and we assume that laughter means everyone's enjoyed the humour but laughter is very contagious again very contextual people get swept up in it and sometimes people laugh even though they're finding the humour offensive it's very hard to be that person who is standing there not laughing so people will laugh along and therefore the joker assumes everyone likes that humour everyone's enjoying it but sometimes the laughter is embarrassed laughter or just I'm laughing along with everyone else it doesn't mean that everybody's enjoyed that humour and then afterwards you might get a complaint that joke went across the line that was an inappropriate joke it made me uncomfortable even though that person laughed with the group because it's very difficult not to laugh. So humour is complex and at work it's it's even more complex so it can be wonderful it can be warm we need humour we need it to get through our day but sometimes it goes horribly wrong and my advice is when it does go wrong be willing to apologise.