In today's video, we're fixing collector rare Yu-Gi-Oh sets. What's up guys? We're back with another epic Yu-Gi-Oh opening. In this video, I will be attempting to fix collector rare Yu-Gi-Oh sets with suggestions for Konami. But before that, we have a giveaway. I'll be giving away the Cyber Strike Structure Deck and the Alba Strike Structure Deck. All you have to do is like the video, be subscribed, turn on notifications, let me know what you think about my suggestions, maybe some tweaks, maybe if you agree or disagree in general. Today we have two booster boxes. We have Secret Slayers and we have Maze of Memories. Both of these sets have their issues. So Secret Slayers was an awesome set because it had the Eldritch stuff and Eldritch was really popular for a while. It was a really, really strong card, but it has issues that you really only pull supers and secrets in the whole set. So opening it is not really that exciting. As for Maze of Memories, it also has its issues. You only pull three ultra rares per box. Most of the time, you don't even get a collector rare. So you get 21 supers, then you get three ultras and that's really it.  So I don't like the setup of this one either. But before we get into how to fix them, I'm going to be opening these boxes and I also was sent a new knife. I know this will make a lot of you guys really happy because I've for some reason not used my other knife and I have this other knife that's really messed up. And this is like the perfect knife for box opening was sent to me by an unknown person. There wasn't a name on it. So yeah, thank you very much. We're going to open this up. And it says Ruckson 34 and Yu-Gi-Oh on it. So we got to be careful. You know, pretty dangerous when it says those on there. Wow, look a sharp knife. I can open a box. Isn't that crazy guys? Pretty wild. All right, let's start the opening up as we discuss what we can do to make these better. So I'm going to go through what I don't like about these, which a lot of you guys already know as we go. We kind of mentioned some of it. But first off, I don't like that every car that's not a foil is a rare. I think that that's weird. I don't get the point of it. What's the point of calling it a rare if you get it every single car? It's very strange. Nubile Angler. Also, I just don't really like the look of regular rares personally, at least the newer ones. I don't know about you guys. There's a super rare right off the bat, but I don't really love how they like look. I'd rather have a comment, I think at that point. I don't know about you guys. Here we have secret slayers. So this one is a five card set. So there's not like this is also this is a seven card set. I don't like that. Seven's weird. Five or nine is fine, but seven. It's just really weird. Upstar goblin, great card. So every card in here is a super except for the secret rare. So it's a guaranteed secret every pack. So it's a little bit weird. We got Rika fairy stuff. I think Rika wait, isn't Rika fairy in this set too? Weird. Solemn judgements also in this set. A lot of similarities here that I didn't realize before I started this quacky mirror guardian and a Rika sheet. That's a secret rare. Very nice. Yeah. So I like that you get secret rares and supers. I think that's cool. I think guaranteed secret is fine. Like in some of these sets, it's not like that big of a deal that it's, even though it is a secret rare, it seems like it's not. Oh my gosh. That's a super rucks and special right off the bat. Super rare. It's fine.  It's like, I know I'm going to get the secret rare. That's literally the highest rarity. There's nothing to really search for. I buy one pack and I've got all the rarities. I have super and secret. So this set is in need. Ooh, a guardian of the golden landfire. Actually, surprisingly, there's not warps because last time I opened secret slayers, they were super warps. So this is actually nice to see that they're not like crazy warped, but I would love to see some higher rarities. So I think that you could take some from both of these sets and put them into one thing. So secret slayers, they don't make these kind of side sets anymore. They kind of do collector wares instead. So this is kind of like the replacement. I think the best way to do it, first of all, I cannot open these, is to combine both ideas into one very nice photon orbital and a gate guardian. Very nice. I think that if we take both ideas, so let's say in theory, we have a secret slayers and amazing memories mix. So like these style of packs, we're opening this up trap trick, very cool. It could still all be super rare as it could all be, you know, every pack you could guarantee a secret even if you wanted to start goblin very nice. And then a adamantipator risen dragite. It's a pretty, secretaries are pretty good set to be honest, but you could combine both. You could have supers, you could have secrets exact same way. So be five cards. So we're cutting out all the rares, every pack is just a super every pack, because I'd rather have a super every pack, because at least it gives foil upgrades and stuff like that. Rather than nobody wants a rare upgrade, a common and rare. What's the difference? Nobody cares about that. So what's the point of having them all rare? They might as well be commons. Overfusion, we have a on your market said do. So yeah, it doesn't make sense. Like who needs a rare just might as well be supers at that point. All supers, you have a secret rare. Then you have the chance to get a collector rare. So you can still get a collector rare. You can also get supers and you get a secret every pack. So you get all your kind of foil upgrades that you want for your decks and stuff like that. Teardrop, the Rika Queen, very nice. That is a good pull. All right, we'll take that. Yeah, this is a pretty expensive card. I just took the price guy. It's like a $20 card. Also, apparently there's like a $24 super that we got to keep an eye out for that. What am I saying? Keep an eye out for it right there. Probably because like the new Rika support is making like the older Rika stuff go up. Creepy little punk. We've got a solemn judgment. There's a rucksack special. Look, solemn judgment in both packs. It's actually pretty nice. But back to what I was saying, you can continue all those reprints like solemn judgment. It was in both of these. You just keep doing that. You keep putting nice reprints in there. You add in collector rare. So imagine like let's say Eldritch is in here. It's the best card secret rare. You can also pull in a collector rare. So you kind of do that with like mates and memories, but it's just ultras and stuff like that. A query of the gold land. That's a good for the Eldritch stuff. And then if you wanted to, you could even add an ultra. So you have supers and then maybe it's all supers and then an ultra or a secret like that. And then you have the upgrades with like the collector rears as well. So you could have multiple different rarities and you're basically it's kind of like turning it into more like a core set. But at the same time, Angel of Blue Tears and that was coming. The best card in the set. This has been a good opening so far. Alright guys, I think that the key is just open packs and don't really go for anything. And then you'll just pull the best cards. Baron to floor. Talk about an amazing bowl. Maze of memories. It has been pulled. I was whoa. Okay. I was like, wait a second. Baron, this looks a little different. That's not an ultra rare. It's a collector rare. Now imagine if you added that fun that we just had pulling that collector rare into a set like secret slayers where it's already really strong. It has cool super rare reprints like trap trick like upstart like solemn judgment. And then you can also get secret rears, ultra rears and a Baron. So yeah, block dragons in here as well. Rika tranquility. It seems like all the Rika stuff is pretty good. Nine tailed fox like Naruto, the drag guide and a Rika sheet. So another Rika card. That's them. They're all seem to be good right now. Okay. That was insane. But the only thing I have is like if we do that, are we too close to like main sets? But I think the only thing like main sets really the only difference should be they're just new cards. Like it doesn't matter if you have a lot of cool rarities in both of them, right? Like it doesn't matter if we have really, oh, we got something else. We have back to back double attack and wind. Oh, wake up your elemental hero. This is about a $10 card last time I checked. This is a very solid one because elemental heroes naturally. But like, why do you care? Like, like, why would I care if a main set, well, they would have star lights. It wouldn't even collect your rare. It's like they'd have the lower rarities the same, but who cares about that? I mean, that's fine, I think. But I guess they maybe don't want to run out of slots for like a, no, it's no drop. It's not this one. Okay. We have any inspirator crystal Draugite and Adamantipator Seeker. That used to be a really big one. Still nice for the Adamantipator stuff, but yeah, I guess they don't want to run out like reprint slots for like hollows. So like, if you're super worried about that, you know, you can always do more commons and stuff instead of supers and stuff like that. But I don't know. It's just, oh, let's do a little pack trick there. I don't know.  You guys know I have a problem with how these side sets have been done. And they're just, just a little iffy. They're just not as fun, you know, and I think they could be a lot better. There might be a better suggestion. If there's a better suggestion, let me know in the comments. The lone fires even in here is a super, a lot of good reprints. Crystal Leonite, Unizombie, just so many good cards. Elixir of white destiny. All we need to pull now is the elvish and then we're going to be basically killing it. We're going to pull so many good cards. We've already pulled the baron. So like we're kind of hot there. If we pull the best card in secret slayers as well, it's going to be amazing. So Magnite, we got a battle royale mode. We've got the, it says royal mode actually, not royale, gate guardian, the gate guardian of wind and water. Cool. We got the black wing elven. Why does elven have so many reprints? Isn't that card like really bad? I don't know. I don't know. That's weird. I can't believe we pulled the baron. I'm actually shocked. I was not expecting that. We have a rose lover. Upstart goblin, very nice. We have the hellborn, the rica fairy, another cool one, solemn judgment, another good reprint. And conquistador of the golden land, all of the elvish is coming together. All right. We are not even close like done with this opening. We've already pulled insane. So if we can continue that, I will be happy. Let's just, let's just combine these sets together in the future. What do you guys think? Oh, rucks and special on your market set. Do, do, do, do, do. All right. Very cool. Next pack, secret slayers. Will it be the one and only elvish? Cyclamin, the rica fairy. We have a churrabime, princess of autumn leaves and out of pancipator relief. I don't think I ever have seen that card before. I don't remember pulling that maze up next already pulled a baron. So if we could have a baron, baron box, you know, double baron, that'd be pretty cool. Let's see if we can do it. We have performable power rucks and special right off the bat. Kazi didn't double rucks and special. Wow. Double rucks. I'm telling you guys, it's maze and memories. It's just difficult to open. Okay. Cut me some slack. It is difficult to open. Let's see what the next pack solemn judgment. We have so many of those. We have a leonite. We have a quarkmere overlord. Cyclamin added again and El Dorado. Adelantano. El Dorado. Adelantano. Is that supposed to rhyme? Rhyme? Rhyme? Man, I can't speak today. Which honestly, me not being able to speak is not really a new thing. It feels like every single time I record this happens. Okay, let's go. You know, I've never learned how to speak guys. It's just a thing. Riyaku guardian. We got the time to stand up. Gate guardian of wind and water. Very cool. Secret slayers. Please bless us with something epic. We've already been blessed by maze. Will you bless us as well? Snow drop. Yes. This is like a $24 card according to the outside of the price. Got it and click in to see what the lowest listing is, but so pretty crazy. Oblood's nice. Raptite. We have a block dragon. Imagine there's an elvish in here as well. Ooh, a seeker. That's still pretty good. Seeker did get a reprint. The thing is, elvish has also gotten a reprint, but because they printed it in gold, nobody really cares about the reprint. Even with the cool artwork of him sitting back in his chair, still nobody wants him because they just don't like gold. So yeah, that's just how it goes. You guys know, we've had a lot of gold videos on this channel. Time to stand up. Super soldier ritual evolution and burst. Okay. Nothing too crazy there. All right. Secret slayers. You've been good to us. We've pulled some amazing stuff, but you haven't been the best to us. Let's see if you can do that. Pyramidal wonders. Kwakumiro Senman. Rose lover. We have a Adamance Peter Risen. Leonite. Okay. That's a secret rare. Now we move back to maze of memories, which if we were doing a battle right now would be dominating with that Baron. Forge a new future. We have performing pal, Imperial iron wall, no rucks and special floats on orbital lab with heavy tank. Another super rare secret slayers. Let me know guys in the comments, what do you think the best way or just let me know, am I wrong? Do we not need to change these at all? Do you think they're fine? The oxy cyclone? I don't know. Just let me know what you guys think. Marina Princess Sunflowers. That's a dueling scarred and Elixir Scarlet Sanguine. We've got another trap guard. I'm excited to read the comments of this video and see what you guys think because I feel like a lot of you guys agree with me that they need to change somehow. I just don't know how you guys think we should do it. Get Garnian. Very nice. That's a rucks and special. Well, almost a rucks and special. I held it back, but it is very difficult to not rucks and special here. Secret slayers. I just think, imagine if you could pull a crazy secret rare, you could pull an ultra rare, you could pull a collector rare all in the same set and you'd pull like multiple different, you know, foil cards, salt and judgment. That's good. And El Dorado. Add a lindado. Add it again. Another secret rare. We're back to Maze of Memories. Will it have a Baron Deflore Ultra Rare? We have a Battle Royale. Well, Lavrenthwaugh, Red Eye Soul. Okay, I feel like we're going to have something causing it. Yeah, because it didn't rucks and special. We have the court of justice and yes, the double Baron box. Let's go. That is insane. This is the best Maze of Memories box you could really hope for because not only do we have Baron Collector Rare, we have Baron Ultra Rare, then we have the Wake Up Your Elemental Hero, which is one of the best cards. All we really needed was the Excel Stardust, whatever he's called. All right, this is insane. This is insane. We are pulling crazy. We have a Ninetailed Fox, Unizombie, Doki Doki. We have a DD Borderline and Mooda on the Ricca Fairy. Another Ricca Fairy. That's good stuff. So far, I'm with the Snow Drop. We want to pull more of those because it's a $24 card, which is absurd. Okay, next up we have Deep Dark Travel. Very cool. Baryon Utopia, Suigen, Creepy Little Punk, and the Sylvan High Protector. Add it again. Okay, more stuff that we are not really looking for, but that's okay because I really cannot complain about this opening. It has been insane. I just want to pull a freaking Elblich. It'd be crazy. Raptite, we have a Marina. We have Tila, Telaya, and Aquara. Okay, so we're getting all the Elblich support, but we're not getting the Elblich.  Pretty sure I'll have some gold ones we could play, though, if I really wanted to. We have the Blackwing. We have Nimble Angler. Tretra Straphole, Super Soldier Ritual. Overlay Network, another super rare. Let's do this. Atamancipator, Lapetite, Rock Bombardment, Upstar Goblin, another good common, or not common, foil. Kazee Zazi, and Atamancipator Research, also another good one for the Atamancipator stuff, which isn't that great right now, and Duel Links, or Masterful is pretty good, but not currently in the meta of Yu-Gi-Oh, but that's okay. Maybe it'll come back one day. Rika Petal, Forge of New Future, Tretra Straphole. Oh, Ruxen Special, Gate Guardian Combined, that's a super rare, and the Blackwing Elf in the Raven again. All right, we are down to the last six-ish packs. It's been sort of a longer video, but maybe actually going to end up more on our Rika Petal Super Rare. So Petal Super here and a, there's a Rika Petal Rare there as the reprim. We got the Kwakumira Wall, Block Dragon, Atamancipator Crystal Raptite, and an Atamancipator Analyzer. We're getting all of them right now. All the Atamancipators will be pulled in this video. What will we get in this collector rare set? We'll, I mean, we've already pulled amazing. I really can't, okay, okay, okay. I'm going to just do it like this because it's Ruxen Specialing every time. We got a Super. Also, I don't know, we may or may not have anything left in this box. I can't remember how many Ultras we pulled, but we've already gotten a collector rare. So if we get another one of those, that would be insane. We've got a Guardian, Doki Doki, Good Guard, Solemn Judgment, also a Good Guard, Raptite, and Rika Flurry, some more Rika. I mean, at this point, I think Rika is a good pull. So we'll take it. All right, we're down to four packs left of each. This is getting intense. Will we pull something good? Don't forget to let me know in the comments. There's the Petal. What you guys think would be the best change for these kind of sets, Red Eye Soul? No, we do have another Ultra. Will it be the Excelsyncron thing? Oh, Black Luster Soldier, legendary swordsman. That's also good. It's like a $10 card. Literally almost the best case scenario for this box. We pulled two $10 cards, a Baron, and then a Baron collector rare. You literally cannot beat that unless one of those $10 cards was the Excelsyncron Stardust guy who's like 20 bucks. But that's the only way. That's the only way it gets any better. And we're like at the 99.9% out. Loneflower Blossom, nice. Pyramid of Wonders, and come on, Eldlitch. Okay, Outta Man's Spader. Not bad, not bad. Three packs left of each. We would also like another Rika Snow Drop Fairy or whatever she's called. Let's go. I'm just saying, this is the first video since we've had the new knife. Maybe that's a thing. Maybe it's a thing. Magnite. Pray the Jirai Gumo. Psybeast. Okay, nothing crazy there. Oh, wait, wait, there was a third Secret Slayer's pack hanging out back there. That's a good sign. Maybe we'll pull something else because there's an extra pack. Rika Tranquility, okay. Nine-tailed Fox Naruto, Dragite, Rose Lover, and... Oh, Pramul of the Rika Fairy. This is also a pretty good one. It's about a $3 card. So it's not like insane, but I mean, $3 is not nothing. That's something there for a Yu-Gi-Oh card. Two packs left of each. Let's see what we can do. I keep thinking this is the end of this box, this Maze of Memories box. And guess what? It just keeps going. So I'm not gonna doubt it this time. Okay, Psalm Judgment is really not the end. That's a good card. Secret Slayer's. Come on. Pull us something big here. We have a Raptite. Snowdrop. Yes, that is big. That's something big. It's a Super-Air. All right, Elblood. We have an Atomance Pater Crystal Raptite. We could have a huge pack here if it has an Elblich inside. A Mood on the Rika Fairy. Another good one. That's... Wow, that was a pretty strong pack. All right, last two packs of this crazy opening. Wow, talk about some good cards have been pulled. Okay, I've enjoyed this. The whole point wasn't even to pull the good cards. It was just to talk about how bad the sets were and how they could be better, but maybe we're proving it the opposite way. We got a Gate Guardian. Mood on. There it is. It's just a regular Rare. So we got the Secret and the Rare in the same set. Same opening, I should say. Not the same set. Secret Slayer's. Last pack. Will it have the Elblich of the Golden Lord? Erica of the Rika Fairy. Nice. Quagmire Guardian. Titaniel. Princess of Kamali. It's good for Edison. A Tyla. Princess of Cherry Blossoms. And finally, come on. Last pack magic. Here we go. Ooh, a Guardian of the Golden Land. Still a good card. Okay. We didn't pull the Elblich, but that's okay because we pulled a Collector Rare Baron today, which was insane. If you enjoyed the video, make sure to subscribe to the channel for more epic content like this. Shout out to Tonefo Show, Daxter JTChill, Puffins of Doom, Ernesto D'And, Dizzy Hoppus, Choice333, Miss Ikel, James Jantz, TCG Trust of Cards, America Deutzer, Supreme Sage 21, Anand Atai Show, Ian Musa, Junior Barting, Mimic Gecko, and Thomas McClane. Thank you guys for supporting the channel. I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. The year 2018 has brought more unrest to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Recently an FIR was filed against the Indian army after three civilians died in Shopean district. These deaths were caused with clashes emerged between the army and civilians and the army opened fire. So now huge debates have emerged around this FIR and to discuss this, we have with us Maya Daruwala who is the senior advisor at Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative. Welcome Maya. Thank you. After this FIR was filed the Supreme Court has stayed any action against Major Aditya who was named in the FIR. This really reflects what again in the Indian context what the attitude of the Indian state has been towards the army which is somewhat shielding the army in such areas especially in an area like Kashmir which is a disturbed area. So now what is the perspective, what if we look at international law what does that have to say about the rights of soldiers in such areas? As far as shielding soldiers is concerned I think that because of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act, the Disturbed Areas Act and all of these special laws there is a myth that soldiers can do anything they like and they will get away with it. Now this may be true in practical terms but it is not true in terms of law. A soldier is expected as the court said in 2016 when Justice Lokur gave that judgment is that a soldier, a common man, the state, everybody is equal under the law. So if there is wrongdoing there will be action. You are not shielded from that action. You are not immune from prosecution because the international law applies to every country. Every country, especially India, any other country whether it's the UK or Zambia or anywhere else, once they have signed up to various things especially humanitarian law and human rights law, there is a sort of customary law which everybody has to obey. And in that people often ask me, but don't soldiers have human rights? Of course they do. Of course they do. But I think there is a deep misunderstanding about what human rights is. Human rights is a right of the individual against the state. Here is a state agent when you are talking about soldiers in general. Here is a state agent doing something wrong and then expecting that because he is in uniform or solely because he is in uniform that he will be given some higher treatment. I won't say protection but treatment and I think that that is a wrong notion. Indian law is supposed to be in consonance with in agreement with the international norms. If you look at what the UN has said, the UN Special Rapporteur for extrajudicial killings, the Secretary General of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mrs. Pillay, they have all said to India scrap these laws. These laws are not in consonance with democracy. And for a long time now, even the Supreme Court has been whittling away at the protections that have been assumed rather than they are in the law. Another question that comes, again if we go back to what's happened in Chopin and Kashmir in general, is there is this whole debate between, as you said, do soldiers have human rights, but also then when we are looking at the human rights of soldiers, are we equally considering the human rights of civilians in that area? You have to consider both on equal terms. But you also have to recognize that there is no writ to hurt or harm a civilian who is doing nothing to you. But everything will turn on the facts of the case. A soldier has a right to use proportionate force, necessary and proportionate force, to protect civilians, to protect himself, self-defense, etc., is definitely one of the reasons which is a defense. But before you can get into a defense, you have to have an investigation. And everything depends on the facts of the case. And that is what an FIR is supposed to do, is supposed to look into the facts of the case. So the FIR itself is justified, because right now the debate around the FIR itself is that, you know, you cannot have an FIR against the army because the army is there for a reason. So why are you investigating their actions? Something happened so they had to react. So the FIR itself cannot be called unjustified, is what I take away from what we just said. Yes, absolutely. I mean, the state has, what is an FIR? It's a first information report. Someone has reported that something took place. Now we have to work through the legal system, through a great legal system that we have, good laws that we have, whether there was a justified killing of whoever there was. It might be killing, it might be hurting, it might be loot, it might be arson, but was it justified? And how do you find that out? You find that out through an investigation. Whether it's in Chopian or whether it's in Manipur or whether it's in Chhattisgarh, these are areas where there is conflict, internal conflict. But what about the cases where the police, we hear about extrajudicial killings, we hear about what is the word they use, encounter for it, right? In every case of a killing, you are supposed to investigate what happened there. The fact that it was a policeman who did it, actually in my view, as soon as a person who has got the government's trust and the public's trust and is in uniform, he is doubly responsible to show that what he did was justified. Finally, when we look at the laws we have for the army in India, this Armed Forces Special Power Act and all these other laws that we have in place, what impact do these laws have on the lives of the civilians in these areas? The essential reason for having this law was that here is a disturbed area. Here is a population that is infested with terrorists or with militants or with insurgents, whatever you like to call them. And we need special powers to flush them out. But it was never meant to oppress a population. But when these laws go on and on and on for 30 years, 40 years, nobody reviews whether the matter has changed, whether it could have temporarily been lifted, but you just continue with it. I am telling you, no peace has been bought by these acts. So the situation remains the same and the population becomes more and more alienated because they see the rest of the world going on peacefully. And for every civilian you kill or hurt, you have five, six other people who see the injustice of it. People's moral compass, when it is damaged and hurt, by the sight of injustice for which they can't get redressed, then you get insurgencies, uprising, resentment, anger. But it has even a worse effect in my view. Impunity, shielding, wrongly shielding. I'm not saying when you're rightly shielding. When you're wrongly shielding and you're shielding again and again, I think has a terribly corrosive effect on the uniformed services because there is a loss of trust between them and the civilians. And after all, who are these armed forces and the police, etc.?  So why should they be in a position of being isolated and alienated because of the acts of a few rotten apples? Thank you Maya for joining us for this discussion and we will keep up with this case and we will come back to you again to hear your opinion once more. Thank you for watching this clip.


The purpose of our exercise is to conduct an advanced aerogunnery progressing from the individual level all the way up through platoon level maneuver, both day and night conditions. And that involves an exercise with our manned crews as well as our unmanned crews. But it's more than just conducting the actual gunnery. It's also the planning and the preparation that goes on at the troop level to exercise and integrate all the enablers that you need to sustain and execute this maneuver. Our 15 Romeo has been keeping the aircraft up and running to a tee and our MTPs and our pilots have been pushing through any adversity out here. So realistically, whatever we face, our pilots and our crew chiefs get through it. Some of the things that we've achieved so far, we've shot gunnery tables four, five, six and then went through eight and nine just last night. So one of the lessons we've learned since I've come out here is there are lots of things you can't control. Wind and weather and kind of the environment being one of them. But there are lots of things you can control, mainly how much you plan the mission execution and how confident you are in executing the plan you helped to create.


Ukrainian sniper sets new world record with 4km fatal shot on Russian soldier. A sniper from the security service of Ukraine has set a world record for an effective shot, which targeted and killed a Russian soldier almost 4km away. The security service of Ukraine, Sniper, accomplished an incredible shot at a distance of 3,800m, surpassing the previous record of 3,540m, reported the state news outlet Ukraineform citing sources within the security service of Ukraine. In a video released online, the footage captures the moment the Russian soldier is struck and the evident shock of his comrades who were standing nearby. The security service of Ukraine snipers are redefining the norms of world sniping, showcasing their proficiency at fantastic distances the security service of Ukraine noted. The shot was fired by an anonymous security service of Ukraine special officer using a Ukrainian Horizon's Lord rifle. Yuri Chernomorets, a former sniper of the Armed Forces of Ukraine who now volunteers with the military, confirmed the hit in a comment to the Kiev Post. The record is officially recognized. Our snipers had good positions that made it easier to achieve a successful record shot, he said. Chernomorets emphasized the difficulty of achieving a hit from such a distance, noting that Ukrainian snipers had previously targeted a Russian soldier from a similar distance but not fatally. The record was not previously acknowledged because an accurate hit with fatal consequences was required and now it has been achieved, he explained.


What's going on guys got Kyle here with laden sports cars, and we're ripping to four boxes twenty twenty-two Pranini allusions four box number six random team style. We did a random eyes for the break We had Christie with the Broncos Cardinals all the way down to Todd G with the Saints can always check these results guys down the very bottom of our website We have a results tab. Good luck. Good luck. Let's see what we got here now a base George Pickens Hutchinson AJ Brown This is dual Jersey rookie idols ladenian Tomlinson and Breece Hall gonna roll a dice on this one One two three left for Breece Hall four five six right for Tomlinson Four gonna go to the right LT Josh Allen on the amazing Insert for the bills amazing seven oh Come on D-backs There's a Mahomes base TJ Watt Cordial Patterson, this is Nick Chubb number to 499 Browns, and we got a Funkadelic man of Aaron Rodgers Base there not numbered Funkadelic Zach Wilson base Josh Allen Dalvin Cook this one is Cooper cup on the highlights swatches Jersey going to the Rams Cooper Cup and We got Matt Jones on the operation at detonation second-year Mac Darnell Mooney Josh Jacobs and Davis Mills got a Josh Allen for the bills number to 299 and Mahomes on the king of cards blue that one is the 299 as well cheaps Keenan Allen base Debo Tyler Lockett This is first impressions RPA for these Saints number to 50 nice one there Chris Olavae We go Saints on the RPA to 50 And to 75 got Desmond Ritter on the shining stars red It's a pretty parallel that card shining stars red Harris We've got a red to 299 Cooper cup or 399 and Mystique rookie is Alec Pierce that one is 8 out of 10 nice hit there for the Colts Low numbered Alec Pierce to 10 Great hit there Colts Chris Godwin TJ Moore and T lob Auto is a lucid ink to 125 for the chiefs Dante Hall rollback auto there Dante Hall and Devonte Adams shining stars base Blue is Lombardi Lenny to 199 mystique Carson strong rookie tight reek God Samir whites on the rookie endorsements auto number nine out of 50 that one's going to the Raiders Raiders Auto there got Devonte Adams also Raiders shining stars C-Mac Got a LaVe base rookie She drew and George Pickens number to 50 on the black cracked ice. That is a pretty card George Pickens there for the Steelers Nice Pickens and Kelsey illusionists that is to 399 Trap box to yeah that black. That's really nice. I like it a lot Box to juju there's George Kittle the 499 bronze and blue is George Pickens King of cards to 299 Pickens Crystal LaVe rookie this is a lucid ink to 99 Ken Harvey for the commanders throwback elusive ink Ken Harvey and Trayvon Walker on the amazing Insert rookie George Pickens rookie Aiden Hutchinson and Zeke number to 399 King of cards base Barry Sanders This is the Marvin leal on the auto 10 out of 10 rookie for the Steelers 10 out of 10 to Marvin leal This one there Steelers John Taylor shining stars Sub Jason going good man going good Been a fun night of breaks got gold to 250 or 299 sorry Josh Jacobs and Funkadelic for the Falcons the 199 that's Desmond Ritter Funkadelic Falcons is Jamo Williams on the rookie Lions instant impact base not numbered Damian Pierce on the operation detonation rookie That's funny Jason Maybe they thought you were talking the guy right above so I filled it in that is interesting Those are not very close. There's a red rookie there to 175 sauce For the Jets Danny Gray base mystique Three left breaking next leaf metal draft guys Leave metal draft jumbo. There's a saw space Get the information out there at least there's a instant impact Texans Damian Pierce Texans got Matt Stafford on the amazing There's your link guys if you're interested in getting around that uh last couple spots there in leaf metal jumbo Drake London rookie got a Kenny picket rookie base And Joe makes a number to 499. This is Funkadelic number to 399 of Austin Eckler The Eagles don't have it anymore We'll get it. They'll get it. They'll get theirs in this Letter for net we got a first impressions. It is rpa to 199 uh Jamo Williams Lions on the rpa Got a shining stars j jeta We're just waiting for next year when we win the Super Bowl and then we have all the Super Bowl style cards Yeah, that's what we're waiting for it's an interesting strategy Appreciate you cody grabbing a spot in the leaf metal Appreciate that got three left guys can check out the link in um the chat there Nice one here to 199 got Kenny picket Great hit there on the base rookie blue to 199 King of cards john taylor Is it's an impact jersey desmond ridder for the falcons? working jersey amazing of tray von walker Hey, I appreciate the subscription matt. There's a trevor laurence base and gold to 299 trade lance And emet smith number to 299 blue king of cards to 199 got rookie vision auto sauce gardener Nice one there jets on these uh sauce auto rookie vision Operation detonation that is damien pierce Joe curiosity. What's uh, what's your thoughts on kiley burry as a cartel fan? Good question donny I'm interested. I have my opinions Red rookie there to 175 breeze sauce. I was like, you don't like a misty there of uh, george picket Sounds like donny don't like it. I want to hear what a true fan has to say I have my opinions Darnell washington or darnell mooney mooney This is jersey here, uh, tray mcbryde and jason witton to 75 rookie idols do another uh dice roll here one two three left four five six right Three is left Left go into the cardinals there rookie idols to 75 Um operation detonation rookie of sky more Why they didn't go after willis. Yeah That's fair. That's fair here Maybe not willis, but there's the 25 nice one there jaymo for the lions Nice low numbered uh base there 16 out of 25 nice at lions Tyrion davis price that one's a 299 on the mystique So would you say he's let's say overrated? cold mccoy There's a sauce gardener rookie Cold mccoy was in like the heisman talk with tivo. He's still in the league. That's crazy. God superlatives Nate burleson for the lions there on the throwback to 75 a lot of lions sits here Nate burleson on the throwback Um, that is shining stars a lave. I'm really only digging this hard so I could use it against bryston for In our uh a debate Crystal lave rookie Meeting of the minds. Yeah got a tray von walker there to 199 rookie endorsements auto jaguars and john taylor shining stars rookie of pickens hutch Joe burrow that's number to 499 joey b And mystique garret wilson number to 399 I forgot he Yeah, right the end of the year They were uh, they were a mess at quarterback I was I was thinking like as a joke and I was like, oh, wait a minute. It actually happens Ants eat box number four. Good luck guys. We'll get uh leaf metal draft jumbo coming next That was a different injury Got a drink london rookie And to 399 to uh, I do No, I don't Funkadelic man on the black nice one. They're echler number to 50 Funkadelic black to 50 You wouldn't say collar but it says collar I thought that at first too. I was like, yeah, I kind of am I guess Um, we won't break it till it does fill matt we won't break it until every um until it is full Travis etian we got ridder on the instant impact jersey for the falcons there Amazing desmond ridder behind it Either we wait to fill it or if it is really not filling we'll sometimes push it to the next morning or the next day We'll definitely fill this leaf metal and probably the uh La liga as well. So I wouldn't be too worried there is um Redemption toffee collection signatures is garrick or george pickins george pickins there for uh stealers trophy collection signatures nice one there stealers And operation detonation this is dk on the black number to 50 That is a cool looking uh parallel on that one I don't like the base that much but the that parallel is really nice. Joe. Did you guys get our uh eagles dc as your head coach now? Shane stikin, right? Or no, no stikin went to the colts It was uh I'm pretty sure our dc went to arizona. Yeah. Yeah, no. I feel bad pretty good David smells dude our defense. It's a 175 echler on the red. We're lucky We had the talent we did because our our schemes were not 299 jamo the the pew pew thing So girl forgot what his name was who the The guy you're talking about Archie Manning on the auto there franchise numbers you go saints. Whoever's the new cute new coach. Oh archie Manning Nice one there and throwback archie for the saints shining stars rookie Gannon and jonathan gannon. Yeah That's the head coach. Oh, well someone got our dc. I don't know where you went. I went to arizona. There's a Kenny picket Or maybe he's the dc in arizona.  No, I was thinking of gannon the cardinals coach now There's a rookie garrick wilson. We're thinking Blue to 199 got crystal lava And illusionist Kenny picket He's probably the titan's gm now the guy you're talking about You go see offensive coordinator was that gannon? I thought he was an offensive guy No Oh, maybe he was I don't know There's wandale robinson on the rookie number 275 Giants instant impact. We're getting more confused here operation detonation And two packs left guys. I know one of our coaches with the arizona It's all I know There's a desmond ridder rookie I was hoping joe would know everything to 399 got a zeke And mystique karsten strong to 399 Eagles Shane steikin was the it was the oc gotcha got sauce gardener To 499 stefan digs or he was already in the deep. No, right got fired from it. He's in, uh, carolina That's right. He wasn't in either and breeze hall funkadelic on the back Alrighty guys do a quick hit recap here. I'm not good at remembering coaches Uh for a personal shame Give me one second to refresh right after I do this uh hit recap I can tell you for sure want to robinson jersey Desmond ridder jersey got dual jersey to 75. That's going to the left cardinals We've got a ridder jersey again. That is damien pierce jamo and cut on the jerseys We had another duel there that one went to the chargers on the right rookie idols Isiah spillard in 99 we had arch manning for the saint's auto Steelers george pickens rpa or redemption to 199 trayvon walker Um to 75 nate burleson We had rookie vision to 199. Um sauce First impressions to 199 jamo williams lions. Got demarvin leal 10 of 10 rookie Um elusive ink to 99 ken harvey. We had the mere white number to 50 rookie endorsements To 125 elusive ink daunte hall chiefs and to 50 crystal lave on the rpa Alrighty there guys that will do it for elusions four box number six random team style We'll get uh leaf metal coming up now


Hello, and welcome to the session. This is Professor Farhad in the session. I will go over the expected 2020 CPA FAR exam changes. As always, I would like to remind you to connect with me on LinkedIn if you haven't done so. YouTube is where I house all my 1,500 plus accounting, auditing, tax, and finance lectures. And this is a list of all the courses that I cover, including CPA topics. Please connect with me on Instagram as well as Facebook. Also on my website, I do have additional resources in addition to my lectures. I have resources such as notes, PowerPoint slides, multiple choice questions, true, false exercises, 2,000 plus CPA questions. So the first thing I'm gonna go over is the topics. And I'm gonna go over each topic briefly, starting with the financial instrument credit losses, ASU 2613, simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. So some of them are easier, make an hour life easier or your life easier, my life easier as well. Others may not be. Changes to the disclosure requirement of fair value, the how to account for the implementation costs when it comes to cloud computing and the target improvement to related party guidance for VIEs, valuable interest entities. Now, any topic that I have a recording for, I'm gonna tell you I have a recording for this, I'll put the link in the description. Starting with the financial instrument credit losses. This accounting standard is in response to the financial crisis because banks suddenly incurred huge amount of losses. And before they used to record the losses as they incur. Now we're gonna be moving to a new system called current expected credit losses or CESL, current expected credit losses. So simply put, we have to be proactive in the loss recognition. So simply put, especially banks and financial institution, they have to look in advance, not about incurred losses now, about expected. And you will see, it's very interesting. So this represents a significant change in the allowance for credit losses when it comes to accounting module requiring immediate recognition of management estimate of current expected. So notice it's expected credit losses and how do you project your expected credit losses? It's not as easy. I do have a link in the description covering this topic, the current expected credit losses. You can look at the link. It's very interesting because in implementation, it's very difficult for companies to implement. So under the prior model, losses were recognized only as they were occurred, okay? Which fast be stated that there is a delay in the recognition of expected losses because after the financial crisis, banks were booking billions with a B of losses, okay? So that's why they implemented this. The new model is applicable to all financial instrument that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. So why they don't care about the fair value net income? Because the fair value net income financial instruments are already accounted in net income. So there's nothing to worry about. We want to worry about the fair value that are not accounted for in net income, okay? Thereby bringing consistency and accounting treatment across different type of financial instrument. And they require consideration of broader range of variable when forming loss estimate. So now you have to look at many factors, industry factor, macroeconomic, microeconomic, company factors, customer factors, so on and so forth, okay? So simply put these changes will mostly affect financial service companies and any companies that have a lot of financial instrument they're gonna be at the most exposure from this. So this is kind of, this is little bit, I would say more difficult, but we'll get the handle of it. See my recording and I'll have more recording about this topic. The second topic actually it's good news, simplifying the test for goodwill, the test for goodwill impairment. We have the old model, now we have a new model which is this is good. Like we like stuff like this simpler. So let's see what it used to be. The old models, you'd have two step process to test goodwill for impairment. The first step, we'd look at the fair value, see if it's less than the carrying value, then perform the second step if there is any impairment. And here we include in goodwill in the first step. In the second step, we determine the fair value of the goodwill, which is we have to find the implied fair value of the goodwill, then compare that to the carrying amount. This was the old. Now if you're interested in looking at the old module, I'm gonna put the description also in the link if you want to look at this. Well, look at the new module. The new method, step one only. So the new method simply put, we look at the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the reporting unit. Remember the goodwill happened at the reporting unit. And simply put, we're done. There's no two. We don't have to find the implied value of goodwill. The difference, the excess, now the EE excess, the excess of the carrying value. Okay, so simply put, just look at my old module and don't go through step two. And that will be your loss, the amount of loss of goodwill. So this is easy. This is good stuff. This is easy. The third one is the changes into the disclosure requirement of the fair value measurement. Now, if you don't know what level one, level two, level three fair value, I have a description below. You can look at and look at the description just to see what they are. So now what we're gonna do, they remove the amount. Again, this is some simplification here. Remove the amount of and reasons for transfer between level one and level two. And also the policy for timing of transfer between levels. So they make it a little bit simplified. Now the disclosure is only required for level three valuation. And level three is the most involved anyhow. Again, if you don't know what level one, two, and three look in the description. Now the disclosure valuation method for level three, the method is no longer required. All what you have to do now is to disclose the significant unobservable input. So basically, tell us what's the risk and uncertainty in determining level three fair market value. So they're trying to simplify it. Also for non-public, which is private company, they no longer require the changes and unrealized gain and losses for the period included in earning for reoccurring level three fair value measurement held at the end of the reporting period. So again, little bit of simplification or less burden for private companies. Okay. The fourth topic is customers accounting for the implementation cost incurred in cloud computing arrangement. That's a contract. So the previous gap, the current gap did not specifically address the accounting for implementation cost. Not for cloud computing. Cloud computing, pretty much we have it either a software or a service, but the implementation cost of those hosting arrangement. That's which service contract. So what's a cloud computing? It's basically an arrangement between you and a cloud service where you can either have a software or a service. For example, if you use Google, you store your document. That's basically a service, but companies, sometimes they use a software on the cloud. So if they have a software versus a service, well, if it's a software versus a service, for a software, they capitalize the cost of the software because it's simply a software. Now the implementation cost, now they have specific procedure, any implementation cost is added to the software cost. So the implementation cost, if you're hosting a software, it's basically a software cost and that cost is amortized. If it's a service arrangement, a service arrangement basically if you're storing your files, it's you'll treat it as an expense. That's the cost of the service. However, the implementation cost is treated as a prepaid. And what do you do with the prepaid?  Now, what is the term of the hosting arrangement? Fastly, they have a lot of details. I didn't include them because I don't believe it's necessary for me to include them. The last but not least is guidance for variable interest entities. Here we're simplifying the rules again for non-public, non-public, which is private companies. Now, you have to understand, so what we're gonna be talking about here only applies of both the parent and the subsidiaries are private companies, are private companies, which is non-public. So what happened is now private companies can elect not to apply the variable interest entity guidance under common control. So what is the variable interest entity guidance? It's the process to determine whether an entity, we are the primary beneficiary of the entity. And if we are, then we need to consolidate that entity. Now, bear in mind, the VIE came after Enron. So if both companies are private, it's not really necessary to implement those VIE rules. Now, if you don't know what the VIE rules are, well, I'm gonna also put the VIE link in my description. So this way you would say, okay, now those rules don't apply to non-public companies. Also this is easy, so this is simplification. From the topics themselves, the only thing I see challenging that's coming up challenging, I would say the CESUL, which is I do have a couple of recording about CESUL. I'm gonna put more, but that's the only thing that I believe it's challenging in a sense that it's a difficult, not difficult, but it's a topic that you would require significant amount or a decent amount of time to follow. Now, if you have any questions, you can email me, please visit my website. I do provide the help for students, accounting students, students who are going for the CPA exam. I have a lot of resources on my website. Check it out and good luck.


Sixteen Chief Selectees, Home-Porting and Guam, down their fouled anchors and place combination covers the top of their head for the first time during induction ceremony September 13th. In Navy fashion, family, friends and shipmates assisted them during the final rite of passage that will mark them as Chief Petty Officers. It's a great Navy day and for the future is get back to work and pretty much start leading and mentoring those sailors that are under my charge. Taking care of sailors is our mission, period.  Make that decision today. I look forward to walking by your side as you continue to lead our great Navy. From joint region Marianas, I am Petty Officer Timothy Wilson.


In this module, we shall discuss thermal turbo-machines and this is the last module in this series of lectures. As we already mentioned, thermal turbo-machines are those machines that handle compressible fluid as the working substance. Axial compressors, fans and blowers all handle air, centrifugal turbines as we saw in the case of an automotive turbocharger typically are usually handled a mixture of combustion gases. Axial compressors again typically handle air, axial turbines of the sort that is used in gas turbines or aircraft engines all handle typically a mixture of combustion gases. C-turbines which are also axial although that is not stated here explicitly handle steam as the name implies. In this lecture, we will not or at least in this module, we will not discuss the two centrifugal machines that are indicated in red color here for two reasons. Number one, this is intended to be an introductory course on turbo-machines. Number one, number two, we have already discussed centrifugal machines at length in the module on hydro turbo-machines. So for because of these two reasons, we will not discuss the centrifugal compressors or centrifugal turbines in this module, we will focus our discussion on axial compressors, axial turbines and steam turbines. Gas turbines use both axial compressors and axial turbines and you should be familiar with the gas turbines from your applied thermodynamics course. And the gas turbines typically operate in a Brayton cycle. This is the basic Brayton cycle, many variations of this Brayton cycle are possible as you will be familiar. So basically the air under ambient condition enters the compressor, it's a steady flow device, air enters under ambient conditions into the compressor where it is compressed to high pressure. Hydrocarbon fuel is then mixed with the air and burned and this increases the temperature of the gases and the high temperature gases then enter a turbine where they are expanded. Now the turbine produces sufficient power to run the compressor and the leftover power is actually used to run an electric generator in the case of a land-based gas turbine power generation unit. Now in the case of an air car engine, the leftover power is actually not leftover power, the leftover enthalpy of the gases is actually converted into kinetic energy in a propulsion nozzle for propulsion application. What we are going to do next is to actually take a look at the compressor that is used in a gas turbine which is an axial compressor and the turbine that is used in the gas turbine which is also an axial turbine. What is that? Most modern gas turbine engines operate at pressures as high as 40 bar and temperatures as high as 1700 Kelvin, so these are the kinds of figures that we would be working with. Most modern land-based gas turbine power units like the one that is shown in this picture run at a speed of 3000 rpm in case the supply frequency is 50 hertz or at a speed of 3600 rpm in case the supply frequency is 60 hertz. So here we see the rotor of a land-based gas turbine power generation unit, notice that the casing has been removed so only the rotor blades are shown here. So we see a multi-stage axial compressor here, many rotor blades followed by a combustor and this is followed by an axial turbine. The axial turbine as may be noticed has far fewer stages than the compressor. Now if I take an R equal to constant section of any rotor here and lay out the blade elements horizontally, this is what we would get, we have already seen this picture also before. So if we lay out the blade elements like this, this is what we see and this is what we get if we lay out the blade elements of an axial turbine. We can see that this is, in case it's a reaction machine, we can see that the enthalpy changes across the rotor because by definition it's a reaction machine. So consequently since h plus c square over 2 is a constant, the relative velocity also changes in the rotor. Now in the case of a compressor, the enthalpy increases as a result of the input power, so the relative velocity decreases in the rotor blade passage and in the case of a turbine because work is produced, the enthalpy of the fluid decreases and consequently the relative velocity increases. Now it can be seen that the change in relative velocity is not very high in the case of an axial compressor and this is because the deceleration of the fluid results in an increase in its pressure because basically it's a diffusion process and since the flow faces an adverse pressure gradient, there is a danger that if the pressure gradient is too high, the boundary layer which forms on the surface of the blade can actually separate as a result of the adverse pressure gradient. This usually results in compressor stalling and the erratic performance of the compressor and must be avoided at all costs. So because of this danger, we cannot increase the pressure ratio to very high values. Now in the case of a turbine in contrast, the pressure gradient is favorable in the direction of flow because the pressure decreases and we can actually have as high a pressure drop as we would like in the case of a turbine blade passage. Now since the pressure drop can be as high as possible, consequently the work transfer in a turbine blade passage is also, our turbine rotor is also very high and that is the reason why the turbine blades are thicker when compared to the compressor blades. And the flow turning is also much higher in the case of turbine blade when compared to the compressor blade because the pressure ratio is limited by the danger of boundary layer separation, the pressure rise and consequently the work transfer and flow turning or minimal in the case of a compressor rotor whereas they can be quite high in the case of a turbine rotor. So let us summarize these observations here. The cross sectional area of the blade passage decreases in the case of a turbine and increases in the case of a compressor. Because of this the magnitude of the relative velocity increases in the case of a turbine and decreases in the case of a compressor which suggests that the flow undergoes an expansion due to flow acceleration in the case of the turbine and it undergoes a compression due to the flow deceleration or diffusion in the case of a compressor. So the blade passage of a turbine resembles a nozzle and that of a compressor resembles a diffuser. And as we already mentioned the flow turning and hence the work transfer is high in the case of a turbine on account of the favorable pressure gradient and consequently the blades are thicker and the flow turning is also and as we said is quite high. In the case of a compressor the flow turning and work transfer is limited or quite small going to the danger of flow separation and the blades are consequently slender. So here we show what happens when the flow separates the boundary layer separates from the blade surface. So again separate either on the upper surface or on the lower surface of the blade and when this happens the flow becomes unsteady and the compressor performance also becomes highly unstable and this unsteady mechanical stresses can be catastrophic on the compressor blade. So and this must be avoided at all costs during operation of the axial flow compressor. Now an axial flow impulse turbine looks like this. The rotor of an axial flow impulse turbine looks like this. All the enthalpy drop in this case occurs in the nozzle which is located upstream of the rotor and the fluid which comes out at high velocity impinges on the blades. And it simply changes direction in the rotor blade passage as shown here. Notice that the magnitude of the relative velocity remains constant because it is an impulse machine. There is no change in enthalpy and hence there is no change in relative velocity in the blade passage there is only a change in direction. Because the absolute velocity at inlet to the rotor is very high in the case of an axial turbine the blade rpm usually tends to be quite high in the case of an impulse turbine. For a given amount of work transfer the change in absolute velocity is higher for an impulse machine when compared to a reaction machine which is quite obvious from what we have said so far. So this usually results in higher blade speeds for the impulse machine. Now reaction machines achieve work transfer to a combination of change in relative and absolute velocity as we mentioned earlier and so they tend to be much more compact and can run at lower blade speeds which is desirable because the centrifugal stress from the blades is lessened to that extent. Now one important aspect that we must keep in mind is that because of the limitations that exist in the kind of pressure rise that we can have in a compressor blade passage if we want to operate at pressure ratios around 41 then we cannot achieve that using a single rotor that fact is obvious. So we need to use multiple rotors to accomplish this although the work transfer and the pressure drop can be higher in the case of reaction turbine or even an impulse turbine it is still probably desirable to actually have the work transfer the complete work transfer take place across a few stages of turbine instead of just one stage. So the way forward in the practical design or realization of these machines is to have quite a large number of stages for a compressor because the pressure rise is limited and here because the pressure rise is not limited we can have a fewer number of stages in the case of the turbine and this is obvious from the gas turbine picture that is shown here. So what is that the number of rotors on the compressor side is about 12 to 15 whereas we have only four rotors on the turbine side okay it's further important to note that probably only one or two of the turbine stages drive the entire 12 to 15 compressor stages and the remaining turbine stages convert the enthalpy of the combustion gases to work which is used to run the generator. So the basic idea is we are going to need far more stages in the case of the compressor because of the limit on the pressure rise that we can achieve in each rotor whereas the number of stages on the turbine side can be number of rotors on the turbine side can be lesser. So that is what is actually done okay so in real life application by having multiple rotor blade you can reduce the work transfer in each rotor blade and consequently the rotation speed of the rotor blade can also be brought down okay. So this actually reduces the mechanical stresses on the rotor and that is what is done in practical installation. Now when we say that we need to have multiple rotors as we saw here multiple rotors on the compressor side or turbine side notice that we simply cannot place one rotor after next in these axial machines because the flow angles at the flow angles at the entry and exit of a rotor are not the same so which means that we need to have guide weights or stationary weights in between the rotor blades in order to direct the flow smoothly from one set of rotor blade to the next. Now each stator rotor pair is called the stage and this is the design strategy of having multiple rotor blades with stator blades in between each one of them is called multi-stage okay. The moving blades are obviously attached to the rotor and the hub which in turn is connected to the shaft as we can see here notice that the moving blades are attached to the hub which is connected to the shaft and stationary blades go in between these rotor blades as I said before only the rotor blades are shown in this figure the the guide vanes or stationary blades go in between these rotor blades and they are fixed to the casing and they are fixed to the fixed to the casing. Now it is also possible to actually fix the stator blades to the casing in such a manner that they are goable in which case they are called variable guide vanes and this is something that we will discuss later okay. What is that the inlet exit stator blade angle is the same as the exit inlet rotor fluid angle okay let us see how this comes about. So here we have illustrations of a multi-stage compressor and a multi-stage turbine so we can see that you know this is a rotor so fluid enters the rotor and this rotor and this is the next set of rotor so before the fluid enters the next set of rotor these guide vanes redirect the fluid in a proper manner so that the flow enters these rotor in such a way that the relative velocity is tangential to the blade profile at inlet okay. What is that the flow angle at the inlet of the stator is the same as the flow angle at the exit of the rotor and the flow angle at the exit of the stator is the same as the flow angle at the inlet of the rotor that is what we have said here okay. The inlet exit stator blade angle is the same as the exit inlet rotor fluid angle or flow angle. So here also we see the same thing but again we notice that these blades are slender and the flow turning is not very high whereas here the blades are much thicker and the flow turning is also very high and consequently the stator vanes also are thicker and highly curved when compared to the stator vanes here okay. Now we can actually try to do more with the stator blades than just redirect the flow okay as we said the primary purpose of the stator blade is to achieve the change in direction of the fluid velocity if it is going to do just this then the blade passage area is constant however we can also have a change in static enthalpy or pressure in the stator blade passage in which case we are actually making the stator do more work than just redirecting the fluid so we can actually in the case of a compressor we can have a diverging passage between the stator blades which will cause a certain amount of pressure increase here and so the pressure increase in the rotor stage can be that much lesser or in the case of a turbine we can actually cause the stator blade passage to be like a nozzle causing a pressure drop which will then help in the rotor realizing more expansion okay so we can actually make the stator vanes to much more than just simply redirecting the flow so we can have a pressure drop I'm sorry pressure increase in the case of a compressor or stator blade passage or a pressure drop in the case of turbine blade passage as shown here so in both cases there can be change in the static enthalpy of the fluid in the stator blade passage but not a change in stagnation enthalpy because there is no work interaction in this case but the the static the stator blade passages in this case do more than just redirect the flow that is a very desirable aspect so what happens as a result is that you know in the case of an axial compressor we can achieve pressure ratios as high as 40 through this multi-staging and by designing the status not only to redirect the flow but also to accomplish the desired pressure increase or decrease the number of stages required may reduce a little bit and the the entire compressor assembly stator plus rotor is much more compact so multi-staging is very easy to do in the case of axial compressors and high pressures can be realized while keeping the rpm at reasonably lower values okay so all these features have made axial compressors very attractive and consequently they are extensively used in practical application despite the fundamental problem that in a fluid dynamic perspective from a fluid dynamic perspective increase of pressure through diffusion of the flow is not at all desirable okay so despite the fact that it's a fundamentally not a desirable way of accomplishing pressure rise the axial flow compressors are still extensively used because there are so many other advantages in a practical realization okay so typical pressure ratio across stage of an axial compressor is about 1.152 maybe 1.2 today in the most modern gas turbine engines so if we want a pressure ratio of 40 across the entire compressor then we need to have 27 stages okay because the increase in pressure goes in a geometric progression and typically the axial compressors are designed so that the axial velocity remains constant as much as possible from the first to the last stage so consequently the height of the blade decreases as the density increases from the first to the last stage


Maybe we'll start at about 1201. So just hang tight. We're going to wait for another minute for everyone to come in. Okay. Hi everybody. We have a really great lesson and a lot to get through today.  Welcome to our August webinar. Python fundamentals with data analysis and visualization with Dustin Allen, our very own from New Mexico Smart Creates Center or the number two at score office. I'm Brittany Van Dorg, the communication and outreach specialist for New Mexico. Epscore, which is the established program to stimulate competitive research. Epscore is a nationwide program funded by the National Science Foundation. And today I'll be your host along with my partner in crime, Icerna, our website administrator who will be working behind the scenes to make it all flow smoothly. A few housekeeping things before we begin. I want to let you know that if you have any questions that any point, please type them into the Q and a box and ISIS will politely, but firmly interrupt us in and read them out loud. So we can get your questions answered. And then before we start, I also wanted to do a plug for our Epic Webinar training lineup this fall. We're kicking off things with today's webinar. And then in September, we will hear about research by Dr. Wong, an assistant professor from NMSU School of Engineering and a new New Mexico Smart Grid Center faculty hire his talk, leveraging energy storage resources to improve combined cycle power plant operational efficiency. Is it a topic that's very relevant for the Epscore project that we're currently running the Smart Grid Center. So I hope many of you will attend. And also, finally in October, we will learn about the research from Dr. Shaw, an assistant professor from New Mexico Tech Department of Electrical Engineering. And we will also, and he's also a New Mexico Smart Grid hire registration information for all of this can be found on our website. All right. So with that, I'd like to introduce our presenter for today, Dustin Allen. Dustin received his MS in information science and assurance in 2015 from Anderson School of Management and has previously been certified in depth ops operations by Red Hat and Merantis. He has been a part of New Mexico Epscore team since 2011 where he currently is a website developer and also manages and maintains the business computing operations for the state office. Thank you so much for being here. Dustin, and please take it away whenever you're ready. Sure thing. Thank you, Brittany. Give me one second while I get my browser up so I can start the lesson. All right, everyone. Are you able to, here we have a fresh Jupiter notebook. If you follow the setup instructions that were sent out with the webinar mailing, it will give you a link to Anaconda and that is what I'll be using for this. In the setup instructions, it says to download the files to your desktop and that is what I have done and how I will be navigating for this webinar. So first thing we need to do is start a new Jupiter notebook inside the necessary directory. So I will go to desktop, software, carpentry, Python, and data. This will become more later on when we get to the tabular part of the lesson. This will make more sense while we're here. So first and foremost, we're going to cover getting familiar with the interpreter and how to assign variables and work with the basics of Python. First and foremost, unlike other languages where you need to do strong type casting for your variables, you don't need to do that in Python. You put in the variable such as weight underscore kg and assign it a value. Let's say 60 for this and press shift enter to run the command. And now we have the variable assigned. This is for, excuse me, for assigning variables. There's a couple of rules that need to be aware of. They cannot start with a number of any kind and they are case sensitive. The types of variables we're going to be working with today are integers, floats and strings. And I'll show you how to declare each of those. Let's redefine this variable weight kilograms as a float. Right now it's an integer. To do that, we retype the variable name and assign it a new value that has a fraction in it. And now the Python is smart enough to know that it is no longer an integer and it is now a floating number. And let's say we want to create a string. Let's say for a patient data, for instance, patient ID. To declare a string, we put it in quotations. It doesn't matter if it's a numbers or letters. If it's long as what we declare inside quotations, it will always be a string. Now, something fun that we can do with the interpreter is we can do basic arithmetic without having to create functions. Let's say we want to find the weight of someone in pounds, for instance. Well, we can do 2.2 times weight in kilograms. Oops, I forgot to add my operation there. One of the fun things about live coding is that you get to see me troubleshoot on the fly. All right, now we have the weight variable. And if we want to extend a string variable, well, we can put in patient ID equals and flab underscore and plus. When you do a plus with strings, this is a concatenation function. And this is a little bit different than what I'm going to show you in just a minute. This will make it one string instead of two separate strings. And let's add it to the existing variable, patient ID. So this is great. We've created a lot of variables. Now we need to, now let's check the value inside them with some built-in functions. The first one I'm going to show you is print. This is an extremely useful function because it helps you make sure that the code that you're creating is the code that you are going to be, excuse me, the code that you're creating is the code that you want. You're getting the correct outputs. So let's check ourselves for weight, and you saw that little drop down there. That's because I used tab completion and it brought out all the variables we currently have. So there we have it. Weight in pounds is 132, which is what we expect. And let's see what patient ID looks like. Print. The open parentheses is where, is how you define a function. Not all functions need to have inputs, but for print, well, we just get the sign at a variable or a value. So it knows what to print. Print. Patient ID. Inflam 01. So we seem to be on the right path here. Now if you want to print multiple things that aren't all strings on the same line, instead of using concatenation, you can give multiple values to the print statement. So let's say print. And then patient ID. Now comma, that ends the first print statement. Now let's put in a string for the next one for a description. Weight in, excuse me, kilograms. And now the final statement. Weight. KG. And here we have inflam 01, weight in kilograms 60.3. As what we expect. Another. Now let's talk about another useful built-in function, which is type. Print. Type. And now let's get the type for the value of weight KG, which is 60.3. And that should be type float, which is correct. And now let's do the same for the variable patient ID. It should be string. And it is so. So far we've covered the print statement and the type statement. And now let's talk about the type of data. So you're getting the output you want, and you're really sanity check when you're debugging to know that you're getting the output you want, and that you're working with the right type of data. I know that I've accidentally. Tried to concatenate strings before, and that will just error you out. So. Another really fun thing about the interpreter is that before it starts calculating. Any of your functions. Or is it going to take inside the print statement. Like this weight. Print. Weight in pounds. Comma. And now 2.2. Times weight KG. Now we have the same weight that we had earlier over upon statement six. And now one last thing I want to cover in this section. is if you want to change the value of a variable will stay the same. This does not change weight kilogram, it does not make the weight an LB. If I were to check weight kilogram right now, it would still say 60.3. Let's check that real quick. So the only way to change a variable value is to explicitly define it as a new value. So weight kg equals 65.0. If I didn't put in the 0.0, it would become an integer, which is what we do not want. And now let's do that print statement one more time, weight kilogram, and now it is 65. So this is just the basic introduction to how to use variables. And this will help us in our next section where we start working with tabular data and start working with some patient data. The context for this lesson is we have 60 patients over 40 days and we're studying some arthritis input from them. So to get started on that, we're going to want to first import a library so that we can do more statistical analysis on our patients and on our data in general. So the library we're going to import is called numerical python or numpy. Now that we have that library in place, a library is a series of functions that you can download and use for your work. Numpy is very robust and has a lot of mathematical features in it, far beyond what we're going to show today. I'm going to be covering means, minimum, maximums, and standard deviations, but really it's extremely powerful and can be used for heavy statistical analysis for your research needs. So what do we do with numpy? First, we need to get some data into our system. So numpy.load txt, which is a function inside the library, and this function takes two parameters for our lesson. The first is fname, sounds for file name, and we're going to get some information data from that folder I directed us to in the very first step. I'm going to use tab complete to see what my options are and we'll use the inflammation one CSV file. The second parameter that we need to give this function is the delimiter. A delimiter is how you separate data out in a CSV file, while it's conventional to use a comma, underscores, and spaces are also prevalent in the wild when you're working with raw data sets. So it's useful to be able to define that explicitly when working with your data. And here we can see the output of this command. What we're seeing here is the first three rows of data and the last three rows of data, and then they're showing us the first three values per row and the last three values per row. When you see the three dots, that just means this is a continuation of the same. So what this is describing is there's data in the middle of this and there's data in the middle here. To work with this data, we're going to need to import this library, this CSV file into a variable. So let's put this into a variable called data, data equals, and I'll just paste that text I just wrote. And I'll run this one more time. And now let's get some information on data, print, data. Hopefully this will look the same as what we have up above us. And we do, slightly different, not as many commas, but it's still saying the same thing. Within this array, we have at least seven lines and there's more than seven variables, which is correct. So something that we can do, that we showed earlier, which was the type command. Let's take a look at what this is. Print type data. This is a numerical Python and the array. What that means, it's a multi-dimensional array, which is correct. We're looking at tabular data. Think of this as a spreadsheet. And if you want to find out what type of data is within this array, well, there's another built-in function that we can use that works with numpy arrays. Print data.d type.  As you can see, there are many of them. And this is a good way to learn what is available to you within a particular library in addition to the help pages and manual pages that are available online. Okay, that aside, we're working with d type here. And this gives us float 64, which is familiar and what we would expect as we see these values are one dot something. And because this is a multi-dimensional array, let's also get the shape of the data so that we know what we're working with print data dot shape. And here we have 60 rows and 40 columns, which is correct and what we want to be working with. We have 60 patients over 40 days. The next thing, now that we are able to describe the data and look at the data set as a whole, it's be useful to actually be able to access the data that we need to. So the first thing I want to show you is how to access specific indices print first value in data. Like we did earlier, and now data and here's some new syntax, we use open brackets for working with arrays. The first value is the x coordinate and the second value is the y coordinate. And there we go. The first value is zero zero, which corresponds to our summary pre output up here. Now, here's one that we don't have the summary value for, but I'll just show you how it would be done print middle value in data 30 comma 20, which would be 13. If this is a little complex at the moment, that's okay, let me give you a visualization for what this is doing. So when we access zero zero, we'd be accessing capital A here, but if we were to access zero two at BC, I hope this helps clarify what I'm talking about when I say we input an indice. So when we go to 20 by 30, we're going to position 20 somewhere over here and way down over here to 30. The next way that we're going to want to access this data is to be is getting slices of indices. And this is really helpful if you want to work with like a particular day or subset of patients. So let's say we want to get the first three patients and their first 10 days worth of data. So print data brackets, zero, two, four, because Python starts counting with zero and you go up to four but not including four. So this is the first three to patients or four patients, excuse me, and then zero to 10. And there's our output. And if we wanted to get, let's say patients five through 10 for those same first days, well, then be print data five through 10 and zero through 10, like before, you can also take these slices and assign them to a variable. Let's create a small subset of this time, the first three patients on the last four days. I'll show you a short hand in the process. Small will be the name of our variable data colon three. If you do not specify a digit before the colon, it'll assume start from the beginning. Likewise, 36 colon and leave that blank, it'll assume continue to the end. So if you wanted to get all the data for a particular day, it would look like that or all every day's data for one particular patient, it would look like that would be everything for patient three. Anyways, I digress. We're creating a small variable for the first three people in the last four days. Small. Now let's create a nice print statement for that. Print small is print small. There we have it. Now to start working with some of the mathematical analysis within this array. First, let's just get the average across all the values in our data set. Print numerical pi dot mean of our data 6.14 and change. Now let's do something fun and assign multiple variables at the same time so that we can take a look at some of these other statistics. max val comma min val comma and standard deviation value equal numerical pi dot max data numerical pi dot min of data num pi standard deviation. Oops, without that dot, we're not accessing it correctly and we'll have a ton of errors. Data respectively. And now print. Let's make some print statements for each of these. Print max inflammation comma max val val print min oops min inflammation min val print standard deviation std and there we have all our statistical descriptive outputs. So now start working with some statistics on slices. Let's just start let's say we want to work with page in zero like I was discussing earlier. Patient underscore zero equals data and it'll be this individual and then we'll just get all every day of theirs and then let's find out what their maximum inflammation is print zero patient zero with this 18. Excellent. Well we don't actually have to use the variable page in zero. We could put in the data directly into the print statement. So let's say if we wanted to one off check the max value for patient two. Print, flow, mation, patient two and then we'll put in the parameter for this as data and then two comma everything. Excellent. 19 that is the output that we are expecting. Now so far we've been doing so as we see here this is working across one particular patient. What if we wanted to get the max for every single individual patient? Well what we do then is we define the axis for our array. So when we're dealing with axis one we're going across the x axis we're doing zero we're going across y. This graphical representation should help with what I'm trying to describe here. When we set the axis to one we're going we're getting data for per patient if we set the axis to zero we're getting data per day. Okay so let's get back over to here and start let's get the average data or cross days for inflammation. Print numerical pi mean function of data and let's use axis zero so that is across days. That's pretty much what we expect. We see 40 values or so. To double check that we can get the shape of this. So let's put in that same command and then see what our option and then put in shape. As we can see it's 40 comma zero which is correct. We have 40 rows and there's no other dimension to it. That's exactly what we expect. Meanwhile if we do the same thing with the other on the other axis we should get 60 values pi dot mean axis equals one. There we have it. So this has been well and good. We've been able to describe our data set and been able to do some big some descriptive statistics on it. The next section we're going to get into is going to be the digitalization of this data and I'm going to keep building up what we already have here the same data sets and the same the same patient data. So to do digitalization we're going to have to import a new library import matplotlib.piplot. Okay now to show a visualization it takes two things. First you need to create what you're going to show and then you're going to have to show in a separate line. So let's create the variable image and we'll use the built-in image show variable. So matplotlib.piplot.imageshow and now we're going to show data. Oops that's actually not going to work quite right because I didn't use the second command like I said I would matplotlib.piplot.show and that's going to be the end of every one of our digitalization statements and here we have it a heat map that shows the values and what we're seeing here is that the central the central days seem to have higher values than the beginning and ending days and it's the same across all 60 of our patients. So let's use check it let's use some of our other statistics to verify this trend. First let's start with the average So average underscore information equals numerical pi dot mean of data and we'll continue to use axis zero and now let's plot this information data average dot plot I know there's a lot of plot average inflammation iplotlib we have the average data which maintains the same shape we saw in the heat map and now let's confirm it with the max and min analysis plot matplotlib.iplot.plot and unlike we've been doing before instead of creating an extra variable we're putting it directly into the interpreter num pi dot max axis equals zero and now it's let's take a look at it dot show again we're seeing the same trend this is even more pronounced than when we were doing the averages so let's take a look at the min library pi plot sublibrary the plot function call in numerical pi use the minimum function call in our data and of course make sure we're still using our axis zero for days plot library dot pi plot and show still pronounced not quite the same not quite as pronounced as the max but it's still a very start cheap very interesting data set for patient data and it's because of our ability to visualize that we were able to see this right away before having to do more analysis these are a lot of things that you want to do when you first are working with data just to get a general shape and feel for how it's going to run and work in your program basic visualizations like these are always a great help when starting with starting out with a fresh data set and trying to try to figure out what needs to be massaged to work with your programs and what does not so this has all been well and good but we've only been doing one plot at a time each time so let's do this let's start from the beginning and plot three on one three at once so I'll start a new lab for this a new notebook and we'll start from the top first let's import the numpy library and now let's import the matplotlib.py plot library again and I'm going to show you a shortcut you can create aliases for these um libraries so instead of having to type that every time I'm just going to say as plt for a shorthand okay now let's load in our data like we did before numpy dot load text with the same file name and the same delimiter and now let's create a fig a figure elt dot figure and let's define its size figure size equals inches by three inches all right now let's tell python what to put inside this figure so axis one is going to be figure dot add subplot and now this takes three parameters one for how many rows this is going to be and what row on the subplot this is going to be in it's all going to be in row one how many items are going to be in the row there's going to be three and then the particular location of this plot within the figure this one's going to be in one we're going to be doing three figures so I'm going to copy this and paste it and make this axis two and it's also going to be on the same row but it's going to be in position two and then let's copy it out one more time for the third axis in this one it's going to be in position three okay we're getting there now we need to put let's put a label and actually and plot out each one of these figures so axis one dot fig dot excuse me axis one wait forgive me axis one dot set underscore wild label and here we put in a string average and now we'll feed it some data axis one dot plot just like we were doing in the previous example when we were doing one at a time this time will be um pi dot mean of data and we are still working with axis zero I'm going to copy and paste these for working with axis two and there's not since there's so little that needs to be changed first we'll change the variable to max match up here this label will be max and then we'll change the statistical function we're going to use from mean to max and now we'll do it one more time for minimum for axis three all right we're getting there there's a couple more things we want to do before we'll run everything that we've shown we'll give a layout for the figure so that it knows to not overly make things overly wide and it'll fit everything inside the parameters that we gave it which is the 10 inches by three inches fig dot tight layout and another very useful thing is the ability to save the figures that we make so let's do that as well plt after all that's the shorthand for our library they're online to save fig and this will save in the same working directory that we read the inflammation data from let's give it a name and formation dot png and now for our last step well you will show so hopefully i don't have any typos and this will run first go and there we have it all three plots that we did in our previous step all on one line and if we go to our desktop we can find that inflammation png in the working directory um so i that's all i have at the moment now for everyone is there any questions i seem to have finished up a little bit early okay well then if yes but well while we're waiting for questions at least for myself it would be interesting to know like what could you explain some of the applications of python uh specifically what can you do with this with python python is a great general use um language uh you can use it for statistical analysis um like r or matlab that's what i've been displaying here today but you can also use it in server administration and building websites which is usually how i use python um i import libraries like os um for instance and i can use it to uh script out to build entire websites or things like that um but i know for our audience is more um researchers you can use it to work with biology data um polyside data i remember when i was an undergraduate i would use python for working with power law distributions and things like that and more advanced statistical analysis you can also use it for a big data computation thank you and then i i actually do have another question what is what could you tell me about this maybe this you put a notebook do you put a notebook sure yeah so jupiter notebook is a standalone program it's more for it's more of a teaching aid than strictly a production creation tool um this was launched from the anaconda package um which is linked in the setup file um that we discussed at the beginning and it's open source and it runs on mac windows linux any distribution you want and so it's a really cool it creates a browser front end for python that's running in the background uh when you start up on anaconda you'll probably notice your terminal um or command line if you're on windows popping up and throwing out a lot of uh data and that's because it's actually starting a server on your computer so for you to work to open up on your browser yeah that's pretty cool cool um or since a lot of people may refer to this after the fact um oh before you end could we have a question but before you end uh could you give information on about where to get these files and such yes so these files are verbally verbally um they're on the software carpentry website is where these come from and this is the first three lessons of the software carpentry lesson on teaching python is where the status um this lesson plan came from uh we actually do have a question from um the audience okay uh from brad maynard could you explain the access function again the access function sure so when we look over here the axis is just describing which way you're going to be looking at the data so when you say if you don't describe mean you're getting the mean of all the data um crosswise across the rows and up and down through the days which isn't that descriptive of a statistic so what you do is if you set it to access one you can get um the average per patient or if you set it to access zero you can get the average per day awesome it looks like we have another question okay i'm just i'm just going to take it i said uh david wants to know can you describe i think it meant what is in the other files folders that we downloaded and unzipped so when we go into if you go into the rest of the lesson plan um this is only the first three parts of teaching python and i um i'd only practiced and prepared for these three first three lesson plans but as you can see there's many more sections and those other files that you downloaded would get into play um working with through these exercises um i strongly encourage you if you're curious to continue to work with them um if you want to learn more this is a there's a lot of very useful tools here for um for computing data for researchers and it's not designed for web programmers or um in mind this is really for researchers and how to you leverage python for their purposes we um david i hope that answers your question and if it doesn't let us know and we would be happy to dustin would be happy to further answer your question it does cool great all right everyone i'm going to give you maybe like two more minutes to type your questions into the q&a box um just this is the time dustin knows what he's doing if you have any python questions uh ask him because he knows um hearing none okay yet yes um yeah i am going to bring up my screen again okay okay you y'all have been the most silent audience but you're all they're they're all wrapped everybody it was we have great attendance for this so thanks everybody for joining um us today and doing python fundamentals with data analysis and visualization with dustin alan and um just a reminder we've got our next webinar coming up on wednesday september 22nd and that will be on leveraging energy storage resources to improve combined cycle power plant operational efficiency i want to do one last shout out to dustin let's see if it'll come up thank you dustin for doing this webinar thank you britney for having me thanks ices for running in the background and we will see you next month everybody and for the webinar on the 22nd we hope to see you there bye thank you bye bye bye thank you