Okay, everyone, please welcome Harold Welk to be talking about open-source mobile communications Yeah, hi everyone. That was quite an adventurous beginning of the talk and never happened before Okay, so I'm going to talk about open-source mobile communications and particularly the Osmo-com project which some of you may have heard about before in various different contexts and Before I'm going to talk about the various sub-projects and the various focus areas in which we Work inside the Osmo-com project I'd like to take a little bit of a step back and Compare different communication worlds or different communication systems Sort of to reflect the journey that we've gone through the last Well eight years by now So I'm going to skip the slide about myself. Basically, I've been doing a Linux and Networking related stuff for quite some time And if you have a background in TCP IP the internet world either net Wi-Fi Whatever then it's basically to you it's normal that all the stuff You want to use is open source or at least you can find everything in open source So basically let's say you want to do some research in the TCP IP world Well, you use off-the-shelf hardware like an x86 PC which has an ethernet card built in these days You start with Linux or BSD operating system Which has the entire protocol stack and the drivers and everything open source you add whatever instrumentation you need You do some modifications. Let's say you have a bright idea how to optimize TCP congestion control or something like that you do testing and you write a paper and publish the results and This is why we have been seeing such an enormous amount of innovation in the TCP IP and Internet world over the last whatever 25 years or so And we haven't seen that in the cellular space to the same extent So assume it's 2009 which is basically before we really got started in the osmo-com project And you want to do some research into mobile communication systems where at that point Until 2008 there was no implementation of any of the protocols of functional entities in as free and open source software and Even let's say if you do this in an academic context You would find it quite hard to find universities that have a test lab with all the required equipment So I'm in Germany. I know two universities that had a full GSM network in there on like in at the University But even if they do well then all the equipment is black boxes So you can basically say okay Well, this is the black box that implements the MSC and there is another black box that implements something else And then you can do some protocol sniffing on the interfaces between those black boxes But still it's not really all that exciting because you can't modify those black boxes And the only chance you had at that time to do some research into Seller systems mobile communications is to partner with one of the large Companies that build these equipment. Let's say Ericsson Huawei ZTE Nokia Siemens Networks and so on and then they put you under an NDA and will profit from your research and you Still well, yeah, maybe you can do some interesting research, but you can't really publish all the results and So on so And if we compare these Two sites and basically the internet side with TCP IP the ethernet Wi-Fi and so on all those protocols and we look on the other hand side at the Cellular world where like GSM GPS edge 3g HSPA LTE all those different systems and generations out there You will find that the specifications of both of those worlds are always open and publicly available. So If you want to learn about TCP IP you can read the RFCs if you want to learn about ethernet You can read the IEEE specs If you want to learn about GSM, you can go to the Etsy or to the 3g pp websites where you can find a comprehensive body of standards and specifications and you can learn about them so The documentation for both of those worlds or for systems and protocols in both of those worlds has been public for long time But yet if you look on the internet side you have all this innovation and all kinds of people doing interesting research and Also going beyond just like research into functionality going into security For example all the the journey that the internet world has had you know from from ping of death to to a DOS attacks to all those And much more comprehensive attacks these days All that has not happened Until a couple of years ago and it's still not happening to that extent in the cellular sphere and The reasons I find for this is because well the industry In the cellular world is extremely closed and I have to add closed-minded in many cases And you find very few protocol stack implementations proprietary of course all of them and the chipset Make us talking about the handset side now are not releasing any documentation on the hardware so even if you say well, okay, I I Move away all this proprietary protocol stack. I'm not interested in it. I want to write my own You don't get the documentation that's needed to understand the hardware to the extent that you can actually Implement your own protocol stack on top of it So the only choice you have is to do reverse engineering Which means you spend an awful amount of time doing things which are not the those things that you really wanted to do Which is implementing a protocol stack or even? Doing security research or any kind of research so Now some people think about oh, yeah all this research and in particular from a security point of view in Telephony who is interested in listening to phone calls? I mean we all know the government can do it anyway We all know there is a lawful interception interfaces in all the cellular equipment out there And it's documented and specified and the laws around it and so on and so on but I think Listening to phone calls is boring indeed, but there's much more interesting stuff out there We have machine-to-machine communication. We know that BMW cars can be unlocked and locked using GSM It's not only BMW can do that Unfortunately, also other people can do it because they were not very smart when implementing that Not talking about the brand smart here There is alarm systems that often burglar alarm systems that can be That either report over GSM or can be unlocked. There's of course mud metering There is one topic that I still haven't seen a lot of research in which I think is a very interesting area is railway GSM GSM are not sure how many people in this room realize that Railways and basically permission to enter certain tracks and the speed permit to to run on certain tracks is Communicated by GSM at least in some tracks in some countries in the in the European Union and more and more of those tracks get converted to Railway GSM. We have vending machines that report if the cash box is full So if you want to be smart and achieve then you could use for example such messages to know where there is lots of coins in the cash boxes There is entire wind power plants windmills that Are controlled over GSM in the end so whether they feed into the grid or not Just think about what it does to the grid once people can Look at or not look but rather control such interfaces We have transaction numbers for electronic banking that can transmit it over SMS and banks Sell that as a secure method of authenticating. I mean not sure what they had smoked when they make such a statement It's to me. It's ridiculous anyway, so There's all kinds of interesting things from security point of view from just the technology point of view In the cellular world and there hasn't been much free software So we started what's called the Osmo-com project open-source mobile communications with typo in the name and that's of course just my slide and my inability to read the slides before presenting them and It's a classic collaborative community-driven Free software project. So there's not a single company behind it. There is no dual licensing. There is no open core. There is nothing. It's it's a mailing lists and people and code and everything of it is released and Osmo-com gathers a number of people who explore The the this world of that's very industry dominated and very closed in in terms of implementations and often also technology You can check out of course the website Yeah, we also have sour code. No, it's source code in git. We have lots of information in a wiki and Yeah, you can you can check it out and there's many different projects inside the Osmo-com project So Osmo-com is the umbrella project and within Osmo-com. We have many different Projects, I don't even know the figure right now, but I would say it's probably two dozen or so active projects at this time at this point So it's a little bit. I mean, of course not in scale, but you think of like the Apache project Well, yes, there is an Apache web server But there's thousands of other products that they that they do under the umbrella and Similar situation with Osmo-com on a much smaller scale, of course so The first project that was publicized about and that was released is called open BSC And it implements What's called an abyss interface towards what's called a BTS a base transceiver station. So basically using open BSC and A base transceiver station for GSM you can run your own cellular network And that's I'm going to talk about in a workshop later at EMF camp if you're interested in that Feel free to check out that workshop We're going to the run through through installing the software configuring it setting up the device and actually getting to the point Where you can run your own cellular network With open BSC It has various different modes in which you can operate But that goes into a lot of details on all the different acronyms and functional splits in in the GSM architecture It's deployed. Well, it's more than 200 now I'm sure it's more than 500 confirmed installations that I know by now But of course, well, it's a free software project. Anyone can download it. Anyone can run it I don't need to know about that. So there can be a much higher figure that we knew so as we are at the camp Actually, this is a reminder to another camp that happened a couple of years ago The hacking at random camp 2009 and the picture that you can see is at the bottom of the tree. There is two 48 kilogram Siemens base transceiver stations a couple of cables running up the tree and you see the red tape Well, not figuratively the literal red tape around the antenna Taping the sector antennas to the tree and that was the first test installation that we ever did with the open BSC software So at the hacking at random camp In 2009 we were running a cellular network for participants of the camp But also for us to basically have a real-world test for our implementation of those protocols This has been become sort of a tradition. So at other events in in the Netherlands or in in Germany at the CCC camps Also at the Congresses. We have been coming back every so often and rerun this network always with new features new equipment and so on So it can be used in several different Modes Not going to go into too much detail here Basically one of the two modes enables you to run your base stations As part of an existing cell network Well, if you're not a cell operator is not a very interesting mode to you because well if you don't happen to have an existing cell network How do you integrate with it? And the other mode which is much more commonly used in the community is what we call the NITB the network in the box And that's basically well the name as the name implies all the elements that you need for a GSM network are Implemented in one box. So you don't need all this complicated setup of you know A half a dozen of different components and configure all the interfaces and so on So it's just one program you started and you attach your your transceiver hardware and that's it So that's very suitable for private and private and or autonomous small networks Like a PBX, but with a wireless interface for the actual phone There is No dependency on external components. So you don't need anything else, but this open VSC And the transceiver hardware you can if you want to connect to the outside world Using ISDN or VoIP or whatever you you feel fit basically we have an interface how external how we call them MNCC handler mobile network call control handlers can register You can interface that with asterisk was free switch with whatever you want There are some people who run this for example on offshore Drilling rigs for oil and underground mining as an alternative to PMR professional mobile radio Because well professional mobile radio has professional in the name Which means all the equipment is like ten times more expensive So if you can use inexpensive phones and GSM phones, you can buy for ten dollars twelve dollars these days It's actually a quite economic alternative to buying, you know, two hundred three hundred dollar professional mobile radio Terminals even if the cheap phones break Frequently, it's still going to be an economic advantage It's also the configuration this open BC The the NITB configuration, which is what you would use if you want to do security research or something into cellular technology We extended that over the time with other network elements needed for gprs for packet switch communication because GSM is actually many people use GSM as a synonymous as synonymous for Any kind of cellular telephony that's not technically correct GSM is the system That was originally described in the late 1980s and deployed deployed first around 91 92 if I remember correctly And it's only about SMS and circuit switch Telephony is no packet data in there So we added these sgs and in ggs and components which are needed to have a packet switch service gprs and edge Some people may still remember that these were the first Well mobile data systems out there in the cellular worlds and Using those components Well the the last sentence. I'm not so sure anymore. It's pretty stable and some people are using it actually in production But still it's less mature than the other components. So this of course once you have mobile data You can for example test M2M devices doing that. So if you develop a smart meter or develop some Mobile device that includes a modem Then testing against the real network and if something fails. Well, you don't see what's really happening on the network You don't get a protocol trace on the network And you don't know what the network overloaded was a bad reception So you don't have a control test environment But by using your own network basically you can do that mobile malware research And of course again Learning actually about the technology involved in all these protocol layers because if you think of a gprs network And you look at the protocol stack I think there's like eight or nine layers below the IP that you as a user consume And you know to me as somebody who isn't to networking if there's some protocol that I don't know about I want to know about So I'm interested in how these systems work and how those Protocol stacks look like that's just my personal interest, but there are other people out there who find it interesting to really learn about how these systems work and How they are designed and how they are different from other systems out there and that's something you can do with this stack Okay, let's switch to another project which we have in the osmo-com project Which is the osmo-com BB project where BB is for baseband sort of Not entirely correct, but then naming, you know, it's always the last thing you think about so What it is actually is an implementation of all the software that you need to run a mobile phone except the actual hardware transceiver So we reuse existing phone hardware Specifically some older feature phones that are sold under the Motorola brand and not actually built by Motorola and using such a phone Basically, we remove all the or we ignore all the original software that's in there all the binary only firmware that it chips with but we developed our own software from the drivers the layer one layer two layer three basically everything that you need to run inside the phone and Using this You can then from free software run a complete phone that you can register to an official network Where you can make calls do hand over send SMSes receive SMSes and so on well, okay I can do that with the phone as it is. Why do I need osmo-com? Viva the difference is you can see everything that's going on and you can influence it of course, so let's say you're somebody who is particularly cautious about not revealing his location With Osmo-com BV you can put an offset to all the transmission So you appear to be further away from the cell and the network doesn't really know where you really where you are anymore These are the kind of things you can do once you control the technology Which you cannot do if you just use a black box and the proprietary protocol stack And of course you can see everything that's going on So if you suspect something fancy going on you have not only the protocol traces, but you you can literally look at every part of the software So yeah, where is this being used? Well, it's mostly actually research and Teaching or studying so Applied security research as lots of people have been using this over the the years for example in You can fuzz Base stations or other parts of the cellular network because now for the first time with Osmo-com BV people can send malicious or intentionally malformed messages to any of those protocol stacks on the network side Which hasn't been the case before so Basically there there were a lot of low-hanging fruits in in the network implementations where well They just didn't think of what happens if a message is not malformed So we're like in the internet of the mid 1990s the security mindset sort of that's what you see in the cellular world There's an attack called the ratchet denial of service, which is basically an overload of the initial Process when you register to a cell when you establish a channel to a cell and that has been implemented And published about that so using Osmo-com BV It's easy to do that and to perform denial of service against cells you can Check for all kinds of features which networks recently added to increase or improve their security so there's some random padding that has been rolled out by a lot of operators to combat some of the a5 encryption breaking and You can check if a network actually uses that or not You can also use this to do heuristics on detecting emcee catchers or other false base stations That might be in the vicinity. So if you're worried about some Evil attacker putting false base stations and trying to play man in the middle with GSM. Well, then Osmo-com BV is a very good Technology to Look into what's really happening on a protocol level and once again. Well, yeah, you can study and learn how this works Okay, well that's Basically a lot of GSM related projects. Let's look at Well, actually, yeah Osmo BTS very quickly about this slide. So so far I've been talking about Well, you need this base station and at this camp in 2009 we used the Siemens base station So there's still a proprietary element in this chain with Osmo BTS We also implemented the actual BTS itself in software So you can now use a combination of different software components including Osmo BTS and the network in the box and something else That's called Osmo TRX And run that on a software defined radio and then run your entire base station out of software defined radio at that point You don't have any proprietary Software involved anymore and no firmware or anything. That's a close source at that point Okay, that was all GSM and related technology Now there's many other projects in the Osmo com umbrella project that look at different mobile or cellular technologies One it's called Osmo com Tetra, which is an implementation of the fire and Mac layers of Tetra, which is terrestrial trunk radio Which is used for example by Police all over Europe for communication But no you cannot listen into police with Osmo com Tetra because they use normally at least if they deployed it correctly strong end-to-end encryption But there are many other networks Let's say at airports or chemical plants or ports or I mean seaports or something like that Where they run Tetra as a professional mobile radio system and they don't use any of the security features So there's no authentication and no encryption involved So using Osmo com Tetra for example In Berlin and my home city you can tap into the radio of the subway So you can basically listen to the subway radio and there's also a network by Wattenfall the local electricity utility company where There's not much traffic going on But I think they are using or having they have this network in for disaster cases So basically whenever all the other communication channels should break down in case of a bigger disaster that the utility company can still Communicate with people in the field trying to fix the grid or something like that In Hamburg there is a network That includes the Hamburg port and there's several airports in Germany which have completely unencrypted open Tetra communication and then you know we think about all the you know the the body scanners and all the security Simulation that they do to the passengers and then on the other hand all their internal communication is completely public to anyone and they Don't put even encryption or authentication there which is specified But they're just too lazy to actually deploy it. So Like on the airport you can listen to everything that's going on Not between the planes and the airport where they use regular Regular air band AM, but it's about the staff on the ground The coordination which vehicles go where the buses and so on that's basically what's communicated there So using osmo-com Tetra you can do protocol analysis on tetra and and also decode the voice that's in there The receiver is fully implemented transmitters only a partial implementation We never even really bothered to do a real transmission the transmitter Implementation basically only served as a test case against the receivers or we could verify the receiver without having a third-party signal Yeah, so there is some wire shark dissectors merged into wire shark So you also get a protocol decode like you would get in in a TCP IP network Yeah, so what to use this for well for analysis assessment of network security learning how tetra works and so on Actually, the code has been extended To also there's also like a cellular data over tetras or something like gprs for tetra And that also gets fully decoded and you actually see some in those networks that I've looked at you see IP Communication going over this There's other projects in the osmo-com umbrella one is called the osmo-com GMR GMR is as everyone in here certainly knows the geo mobile radio which is One of these acronyms from Etsy the European telecommunications standardization Institute about satellite radio or satellite Telephony, so I Was just kidding. I guess nobody here heard about GMR before but Thuraya some people might have heard before it's one of the commercial operators operating a satellite telephony network using the GMR one Standard and the osmo-com GMR project implements an str based radio modem and fire and Mac layer for receive So basically this means you can using a suitable antenna Which is relatively easy to to to build and an str and osmo-com GMR you can get the the protocol traces of the Of the decoder the speech code I'm now sorry whose light is outdated is is implemented So it's it is proprietary, but the reverse engineering on the speech code. It has been done So you can actually Tap into calls. There's also some work not done within the osmo-com project on breaking the encryption And there is a reverse engineered implementation of the well encryption in quotes and they put on on this system. So it's Even weaker than the GSM encryption you have on land Yeah, so well again use cases well not really any anything beyond looking at the security learning about the technology and Intercepting communication There's also a project about decked the digital European cordless telephony Which has been broken many years before osmo-com even it was a project called deducted org which Discovered security issues in the cordless telephony standard and osmo-com decked is an implementation of Hardware drivers and protocol stacks inside the Linux kernel so if you compile that and have the right hardware in place you can Actually serve as a as a PBX and have all the decked stack in in free software a Seminal project for OP 25, which is App code 25, which is a professional PMR system used in the US again by police and and other public authorities It can be compared on the same like feature level and and so on technology like tetra in Europe and There's a project again for an SDR based receiver and protocol analyzer So it's pretty much the same just for yet another communication system We also did an osmo-com SDR quite some time ago, but then basically RTL SDR happened and nobody was interested in osmo SDR anymore And I'm going to get to RTL SDR in the next slide, but it's a small USB SDR hardware that we built With a higher bandwidth that at that time available the funcube dongle pro much lower cost than usrp and Yeah, we've made it. I think to like 20 or 50 units and then yeah It's sort of the timing was bad because well luckily and I'm very happy about that RTL SDR happened which is also the the actual source code for RTL SDR is developed in the osmo-com project and What Some of you may have heard or seen this before even use one. It's basically there's some cheap DVBT USB receivers that you can buy at very low cost And these devices normally they have a tuner that down converts the signal from the RF into into INQ baseband and analog baseband and then you have an ADC which also integrates the DVB decoder So all the demodulation and so on and so on but through some special commands the The DVB decoder can be disabled and you can forward the raw samples into the PC And then basically it means you can turn one of those consumer grade receivers into a software defined radio that you can use to Receive pretty much anything that's within the frequency range and the bandwidth of this device and the software for actually Talking to the hardware and implementing the drivers for it and so on is what we call the RTL SDR in the osmo-com project There's another project also closer to hardware, which is osmo-com sim trace Which is hardware and firmware and software for protocol tracing of the interface between sim card and phone So if you ever were interested for whatever we had reason in the communication between your sim card and a phone or Actually any contact-based smart card and its reader because it's always the same standard that's used So some people are also using this to look at EMV payment cards using the sim trace Because it's the same physical interface. So it works as you can see in the picture you insert Sim card adapter with a flex cable into the actual phone We also have these for the micro and nano sim cards not just for the large ones and the actual sim card then gets put into the the PCB there's a sim card reader where the sim card is Inserted and then there's a microcontroller on the board which sniffs the communication going back and forward between sim card and The phone and there's a USB port on the other side So you basically can get the protocol traces into the PC where once again They are fed into wire shark and we have a wire shark decoder for the sim card a related protocol. So in It's also possible using this hardware to do man in the middle or sim card emulation stress the software is not complete in that part of the software implementation only for card emulation and for Tracing has been a fully completed man the middle. I think there were some patches at the mailing list at some point But it's not really integrated. So about sim trace There's also going to be a workshop at EMF camp if you're interested in playing with this and in tracing sim card Communication feel free to attend this workshop. I have ten devices with me. So we can have some fun with those Maybe one more thing to why would anyone do this a sites again from well I want to understand this protocol in this interface and how it works Well, there are a lot of things that a sim card can do to a phone Which most people are not aware of a sim card can request the GPS position from the phone For example, why would a sim card ever need to know that a sim card can? Send SMSS by itself using the phone where the user has no idea that those messages are being sent A sim card can do all kinds of other things Which is not presented to the regular user of a mobile phone and That's why doing protocol analysis can be quite interesting to see really what's what's using this and what's happening in this communication We also did another small hardware project and there's many more of these I'm not going to go through all of them one is an e1 transceiver, which is well if you ever Are in need of interfacing with a physical e1 or t1 line? That's the synchronous System which is used a lot in GSM base stations. That's why we implemented it. We build a small board for that There is protocol stack implementations in Erlang if anyone here fancies Erlang as a programming language Normally in all the other osmo-com projects. We use low level C no C++ But here is some projects in Erlang that Implement Various protocol stacks that are used in cellular networks. I'm not going to go into the details here But if you're interested in the core network protocols Which are spoken on the roaming interfaces between the cellular operators These are the protocols basically that are used in those interfaces and we have these implementations So there's some smaller MV and O's virtual network operators that don't have their own Radio network their own physical network, but they only operate a core network and some of them actually use this code For some of the functional elements they need There is more osmo-com projects. I'm sure the number 79 is outdated now. I didn't do a recount before Today, but there's lots of public git repositories there and Way more than I can cover in this talk often, I mean The larger projects or the more more frequently used ones you will find the wiki and and some documentation But some of them there's basically just a git repository. It's because somebody needed to write some code And put it in there So it is sometimes rtfs and there is no manual or documentation, but then you can always come to the project mailing lists and Discuss questions that you have Finally a couple of slides about non osmo-com projects, which are also related to open source mobile communications I just want to name them because I think they're also important if you have an interest in mobile communications There is what's called open bts. Don't mistake it with osmo bts that I presented earlier Osmo bts is an osmo-com project open bts is not open bts is Functionally best described as a um to sip bridge um is the radio interface between your phone and the cell tower and sip well sip is voice over IP telephony, so it is a Very quick and direct bridge between this radio interface and sip So if you don't want to bother with all of these deep protocol stacks and all these strange acronyms and all the complex architecture of GSM, this is a very quick way how to attach a cellular phone to a voice over IP system There is another project also slightly outdated and un-maintained these days called air probe which is a SDR implementation again for the GSM radio interface Which predates osmo-com and all of the other work that I presented today And but you can use it and we're using SDR hardware like a usrp or something like that you can use it to demodulate and Decode the radio interface of GSM and then Feed it again into wireshark for protocol analysis It's not so much used these days anymore because you can do the same with osmo-com bb and osmo-com bb You need a small inexpensive phone and you have an excellent decoder When you use air probe you need a very expensive SDR and you have a very poor software decoder So you had to get lots of bit errors and and frames just because the quality of the decoder Implemented in air probe is not as good as the one in the DSP of the phone. So that's why it's a bit abandoned There is another project called you mtrx, which is an SDR hardware project specifically for the GSM radio interface Which you can use with either open BTS or osmo BTS It's an open hardware design. So you can also check that out and Finally one last project that I find very interesting is X-Gold mon, which is basically Software for phones that are based on the X-Gold chipset. That's a formerly in Phineon now Intel series of GSM baseband processes that's used in some phones You can see like Samsung Galaxy S3 S2 Galaxy Note 2 and so on They use this chipset and there is some Undocumented commands by which over USB you can basically enable tracing in the phone and then you get all the low-level messages from the GSM radio interface or not just GSM, but also 3g radio interface Over USB feed them into your PC where you run X-Gold mon, which then feeds it into a wire shark again and you can again look at protocol traces and observe and Analyze what the phone is doing in terms of the network Okay. Well, where do we go from here? That's sort of the wrap-up of all the various different projects Our team member Dita has been working a lot with 3g and node bees from Ericsson Nokia And the goal is also to run our own RNC with those base stations. We meanwhile also have implemented What's called a home node be gateway So with certain femto cells you can also run your own 3g network similar to the network in the box for 2g and 2.5g There's some research into intercepting microwave backhaul links because a lot of the microwave backhaul links that are between Cellular base stations are unencrypted again, and then only protected by well some proprietary encoding There's research into GPS simulation And some ongoing effort of Osmo combi bee with other baseband ships or with SDR Because the phones that we originally developed for increasingly hard to find these days Try to find the phone from 2007 you have to go to a museum these days You can still find them, but it's getting increasingly difficult there is well the femto server are already spoke about and there's some research into proprietary PMR systems and And yeah many many other people looking at interesting Communication systems out there And I think it's important that we understand those communication systems and they're not just controlled and understood by very few large corporations on this planet Yeah, so if you tend to agree that well on a classic internet TCP IP is boring because it has been researched to death And everyone learns about it at university or even in school so there are many many many other communication systems out there and Never trust the industry in terms of any kinds of claims regarding safety or privacy of those systems always have a look yourself and Yeah, I think it's important. We can democratize access to those communication systems and to the related Projects so yeah, if you haven't interested any of these areas, please Contribute to the project start your own projects join the mailing lists and Yeah, let's proceed that way Okay, that's a thanks slide. I'm not going to read the names and Yeah, we have time for questions. So there's I Can't see but there's supposed to be somebody with a microphone. Yeah over there indeed so if you want to raise questions, please wait for the microphone and Ask the question the microphone for the recording. Yeah, I can't see very well. So wait, please. Oh, yeah. Hey there Do you have any concern that anything you're doing might get you in any trouble at all? I don't really have much of a concern In the sense that research into all these topics there is nothing illegal about it Of course if you use it to actually intercept systems Then that is depending on the national law and where you are in the jurisdiction and so on might have an issue But I mean my standard response as well if I manufacture a hammer it can be used for you know nailing nails into the wall or you can smash somebody's head with a hammer and It's sort of just because there are many useful cases of using a hammer We shouldn't outlaw hammers just because they can also be used to create damage. So It's maybe not a very nice analogy, but that's sort of my attitude to that and I mean all the tools that I'm talking about they all exist for the internet, but they didn't or don't exist to the extent for Other systems and I mean the internet also is alive and yes There are criminals online as there are criminals in the real world as there are criminals who Want to do something fancy and sell the networks. So Yeah, hi, very interesting talk I have two small questions The first one is what's the cost of getting a BTS? more or less depends, I mean Sometimes so if you want to get an existing proprietary BTS of like from from a manufacturer Then you can sometimes on eBay or other online sales. You can find pretty cheap. So I've heard some people Like for 100 120 euros sometimes you have to be lucky for that if you want to go for SDR Well, I think like 500 to 600 dollars. You can get an SDR that's capable of doing that You attach it over USB to a PC and then you run all the software on the PC If you want to buy a new base station from a manufacturer, then of course it's going to be more expensive But yeah, so okay, and the other part of the question would be Is it actually legal to run one of the? base station and That depends on where you are And whether you manage to get permission from the regulatory body or not In many countries, it's possible to get what is often called as non-operation or a non-commercial or test or Experimental licenses. I don't know how often in the UK is handling this but At least it would be worth approaching them about this So if you say well, you know, I'm doing some research into cellular communications and so on and you want to have an Experimental license. I'm not sure what would be the response. I know there is a procedure in every regulatory authority has a procedure for that and Yeah, so unfortunately, there is no license-free spectrum that anyone can just use Except if you're in the Netherlands, so the Netherlands has a couple of channels in the GSM 1800 spectrum which is license-free But that's a peculiarity of the Netherlands. I'm not aware of any other country where this is the case If you want to play with this technology and not really want to run a network Then what you can do is you can connect the components over coaxial wiring with attenuators It's not so exciting if you have a wireless phone with a wire coming out of it But still if you want to do some research into this It's a perfectly valid setup and then you're not broadcasting. You're just feeding the signals over coaxial cable That's sort of the the the last resort that you can do And so how quickly do you catch up with because you know You're talking about trying to reverse engineer and everything and how quickly do you catch up with things and how quickly do they Come up with new things that you'd have to then You know reverse engineer again Well the reverse engineering we haven't really We haven't really done so much it depends on the protocol of the system that you want to look at I mean as that for this commercial cellular networks like GSM to LTE basically all of them all the specs are out there So if you have an SDR and you want to implement something You don't need to reverse engineer anything But if you want to work with an existing phone or if you buy an Ericsson BTS of eBay and want to interface it and of course Ericsson has modified some bits here and there to make it nice and easy for you to use it and So there's like some additional work required, but in general it's not so much. I mean about catching up I think it's not so much related to The proprietary bits in the technology, but it's more related to the pace of the development so I Mean these days of course everyone talks of everyone in the industry I mean even LTE is old for them. They're talking about LTE advanced They're talking about 5G systems where you have 120 megahertz wide channels up to 30 gigahertz or something absurd like that and That's that's what they are working on. That's what they are looking into and of course with every new generation a new Technology and probably a more complex technology gets introduced and lots of people are required to implement that as free software if needed, but How can I say with LTE? It's slightly different because There actually is an open-source LTE Terminal side implementation so using a USRP or another software defined radio and Reasonably powerful Intel like a core i7 core i5 kind of CPU you can actually run the entire LTE Physical layer and protocol stack in your in software in in free software on your PC and you can transmit I think about 50 to 70 megabits Through that so it's actually quite useful That's not something that has happened in the osmo-com project But still I mean there are people doing free software in those technologies even if there are more Advanced and then the 20 year old GSM that we started to look into Okay, and when questions are got Chop over here and I'll go over to the back there Yes, I say if you're for example, I experience intermittent issues between two commercial operators Which osmo-com tools can actually help you debug and find out which operator messed up Between two operators so you're talking about roaming situations You cannot debug that unless you can tap into the interface between those operators But can you at least see that one of operators if he cooperated or well had had less problems than your or It's difficult. I mean you can do one of these. I mean tracing on the device so if you trace Let's say using x goldmone or something like that You can you can take a protocol trace of what your device is doing towards the network And you observe that in in an operator where it works and in another operator where it doesn't work Then maybe you can get some conclusions on where the problem might be but if it's Roaming then I think it's very hard to get any results without actually being able to look at the the core network of the operator What's the current state of the art in femtocell hacking? It's not so okay, how can I say well There are some femtocells I'm not going to name them yet where there has been made a lot of progress and where we could actually Convince the femtocell to talk to our own network and our own network implementation And that's going to be some news later this year about this The problem with most femtocells is that by today they have reasonably good security in their in their system, so the idea of a femtocell is that basically you get a small cell into your home But this cell Establishes an IP sec tunnel to the operator that has issued or that has given you that femtocell and then this cell becomes part of the Radio access network of this operator So you have this for for a good coverage in your home now if you want to use it from your own network Well, first of all, you need your own network implementation. We did that with the the Osmo IUH and the Home note be gateway that we implemented so from the protocol side the implementations exist now But what you still need to do is basically you need to somehow route the cell locally And make it either install your own certificate for the IPsec So it connects to your own IPsec gateway or disable IPsec all together so that it just connects overplane TCP to your to your network implementation and some people have tried this with Huawei femtocells UAP 2 1 0 5 or something like that and there the the main problem was that well as there was one specific Russian firmware version where it was very easy to circumvent all the the Lockdown basically, but all the other firmware versions that you find in the devices that you can find online on eBay or something like that they are secured and Serial console and JTAG and that stuff has been disabled. So that's Not so interesting. There are some older femtocells which have less security in a sense of physical security So they're like the the original Vodafone, I'm not sure how they called it here in the UK. I Was even I think 2009 2010 sorry on no, I think it was called different back then but anyway Okay, maybe was called what a phone on but they were the first in Europe I think to deploy femtocells and if you look at those It's very easy to break into them and to root them But they predate all the standardized femtocell protocols So basically you need a different you need to speak a different protocol to talk to them. It's a proprietary Protocol and not the later standardized IUH protocol So you basically have modern femtocells that are very hard to break in which speak a standardized protocol for which there is code Or you have old femtocells where you can break in easily, but which don't speak a protocol. That's interoperable and documented so Not so nice the situation I think I'm out of it for questions Next speaker, but thank you how that's very interesting. Thank you so much


It's a different Yellowbrook road, but it's a very good road. Hey guys, this is my review for Rocket Man the film biopic about Elton John. This film covers pretty much his childhood and I would say maybe the first 10 to 15 years of his career I might be incorrect with that, but least to say this movie is a hell of a lot better than Bohemian Rhapsody. I'm going to basically compare this movie to that film because it's a hell of a lot better than this movie. It helps that the person who the film is being based off of is still alive to factually tell the real thing.  Now something that most of you may recognize is just kind of how flamboyant the film is, and what I mean by that is just how sometimes it literally moves into a fantasy. People are flying, or he's swimming at the bottom of a pool and singing with a childhood version of his former self, or there's these magical entities happening all around him kind of bringing you into the magic of the moment. This movie feels almost like it's a Basil Orum film, but it's not directed by him. It's like he had all these concepts and these notes, but they didn't want him to direct it because while he can do spectacle and dazzle, he's he's a little bit weak on character sometimes, or just goes way over the top and makes it ridiculous. So they had all these notes and then he just kind of gave it to someone else who happened to be Dexter Fletcher. The whole time I was wondering, why do I recognize that name? It's so from lock stock and two smoking barrels. I forgot this guy directed Eddie the Eagle, but back to the movie. Tanner Edigen has proven himself so, so much in his career. He started off really well in Kingsman, and I'm sure some of the movies he's done since then have been kind of odd enough like that Robin Hood movie he made, but this is his best role ever. He fully embodies the personality, the lavish lifestyle, and the demons that Elton John himself went through. This kid also can sing. He can sing so goddamn well that whatever talk show he was on, he was singing one of Elton's songs while Elton was playing the piano in front of him. And I can't imagine the amount of pressure that he had singing one of this guy's great rock songs in front of him while he's playing the piano. So he's got to match Elton's tunes and all that other stuff, but this kid really proves it. It's probably one of the better examples of an actor doing a biopic, a music biopic, in this particular sense, because a lot of them don't sing sometimes. I loved Rami Malek as Freddie Mercury. It's probably one of the only few things I like about that movie, but he didn't even really fully sing. This is all Tanner. Speaking of songs, by the way, now Bohemian Rhapsody, yeah, you could sing along with the tunes because they were basic composites of the songs. There was very little variation. It was basically like listening to a Greatest Hits album. This film, Rocket Man, however, actually tries to vary the songs. They're not sung like they are the finished product albums. They actually have a little bit of organic and new feels to them. For instance, I'm Still Standing starts off really, really slowly when it's first introduced into the film. And at first I was kind of like, why, I recognize it. Oh, and then the lyrics start to flow as odd as it was. Every time they did it, it worked. And that's something that I feel, again, is kind of like a basilar on the thing where they just will spontaneously burst into song, but they work into the actual song itself. So I did enjoy that. I did like that aspect of this film. Does Dexter really give off that spectacle flair with it? Not as much as you would think. Admittedly, sometimes the scenes with the extravagancy and the fantasy, it's a little odd because they don't go all the way with it. They go as much as, you know, someone who doesn't have an incredibly weird and crazy Australian mind like Baz does. So sometimes you're feeling like maybe they could have done a little bit more of that. But aside from that, I feel the acting is fantastic. The music is really well done. The characters in this film, not only just Tanner and playing Elton, but also Jamie Bell is his friend, Bernie. Their chemistry is so goddamn good in this movie. It's really cool to see Richard Madden as a dickwad in this film, as well as just seeing all these moments in Elton's life. Some of them they pass over quite quickly. For instance, his marriage to his wife is like that. I kind of wanted a little bit more into that aspect because that was obviously a kind of a conflicting moment of his life. And they just kind of span over that in less than two minutes. So there are a few things that I kind of wish they had spent a little more time with. But aside from those aspects, those little few narrative tweaks, Rocket Man's still a really good time. It's far, far goddamn better than Bohemian Rap City. And it deserves to at least get a nomination for Tanner. And this is his Oscar nom movie for sure. Anyways, I'm going to give Rocket Man a six out of seven. I very much enjoyed this movie. I would actually like to see it again. I would like to see just how they put some of these set pieces together because some pretty cool musical numbers. And I love how the movie starts too with him in the devil's outfit. Anyways, guys, I hope you enjoyed this review. If you did, leave a like. And if you're interested in more, maybe subscribe. Otherwise, I'll see you guys next time. Thanks for watching the video. It's been a while, but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all new movie. Thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign, but we are still asking for your support. You know, Nits, you can't get more money unless you offer questionable favors. Yeah, guy. Unless, of course, those favors involve the ladies guy. By support, I mean getting the word out, guys. Oh, well, couldn't you find a better means than this guy? All he seems to talk about is supernatural or hold a coffee mug real awkward. Why didn't you ask a Kardashian or something? Yeah, guy. Get in with the ladies guy. Hey, he's trying to help out. Like you've been trying with Kimmy Burton? I've seen Jabba the Hutt finish a marathon faster. Yeah, guy.  To see any and all updates about the upcoming Undergrads movie, be sure to check out and like the Bring Back Undergrads Facebook page. And with any luck, we'll see you guys soon.


Boys let's talk about this latest AP update. What did it do? Who did it help? Did it help me? Did it help you? Did it help ten me? Did it help John? Who knows? I know it helped everybody that's using escape artist quarterbacks man, and honestly Kind of all should it's the best ability in the game. It's the most OP ability even talks of getting rid of it Completely have been going across the world So I mean if people are wanting to get rid of it. It's kind of OP I mean I know you guys play those guys that roll out every single play you might have become one of them You know who knows but I I think it's the best and it's made a little more viable with this AP What they did is increase offense in defense by two Listen it always gets you like I want to try something new. I want to try this I want to try that but let me show you what you guys I'm gonna do But first I want to tell you about the controller. I've been using my elite broke So I linked up with the people at thrust master that brought me this great controller They are the number one people in flight simulation and race car simulation You know all them cars the big steering wheels the clutches the pedals that you guys see They are one of the top manufacturers of that and the flight simulation as well They said let's make a Xbox controller and they reached out to me and said would you like to try it out? I did I've been using it for about two weeks now. I love it You can interchange all the parts here you guys see you can change different colors whatever it may be It has buttons on the back that I'm I don't really use for madden But I use them for all the shooting games I play everything else. They definitely help way better than paddles This controller has been a blessing for me is going good going into MLB season and rest of man I'm excited to use this one man. So check it out. That link is below, but let's talk about what I did on offense and defense Now defense. I want you guys to tell me what you're doing because I have no idea what works I believe in two abilities on defense Acrobat and unpredictable that that's what I believe in you know, so everybody on my field is acrobat Everybody on my field has Insider unpredictable. Let's take a look at that first. That's my defense You guys see Taylor maze Sean Taylor I actually have secure tackler and mid zone on both my safeties and secure tackler on Sean Taylor I feel like it's a Bobo enforcer. It's pretty good. I might throw it on everybody else I have Sherman and med cap on outside with acrobat I don't put it on my slots because I blitzed them so much that it's kind of I don't want to say It's like a waste if they're always blitzing But I just send them so much that it's kind of even if they're 50% of time blitzing I think it's kind of a waste to put acrobat on them But maybe I will I don't can't really find it a defensive ability I like other than acrobat and unpredictable mid zone is cool. I don't think it's amazing, you know But I have so much AP when I try it. I have clowny. I love this card We are unpredictable unpredictable on freanie who's still a beast for me, but what I did with that extra two Just do it on Aaron Donald inside stuff. You see Aaron Donald We actually have inside stuff in this ability. I'm kind of like I can't lie Defensive rally. I kind of like this one. I'm kind of sold on this one I mean, not like I am with the other two I talked about but this one I mean, we got so much AP to play with why not try it put it out there gives you more pass rush points I don't know what that means. I think it's like more juice when you're pass rushing on third and fourth down That's when you need to get out the field. Let me put inside stuff. I'm tired of people running I just want to stop it for free. Maybe that'll work But you guys know if you're an offense if you just double team the inside stuff He won't ever shed so kind of a wasted ability against good people But that's a pro tip for you hit the like button if you want more pro tips Offense, this is what I'm doing. This is what I'm starting out tonight weekend league Escape artist and pass lead elite now No McNair as you guys know we're giving away McNair has guns somewhere and pass and escape artists I honestly like pass lead elite better I'll try to explain it throughout videos, but I like it better We're gonna put deep out on raining moss He's gonna catch any crossing rallies when to catch any corner rise one catch any deep streak deep post anything over about 15 yards you're gonna catch automatically and then we have route tech on our boy Josh Gordon Who I think is the most underrated player in the game now route tech people say they don't like it. I love it If you run man coverage you see Josh Gordon with that 98 deep route running the 99 speed If you run man coverage He will be a touchdown every single time on a post force your opponent to put some deep blues out there that is Just lessen the amount of people they have out there to try to stop escape artists man But I'm going around a bunch of different ideas man, but this is what I'm gonna start with This is what I'm gonna put out there with 18 AP on offense on weekend league this weekend, man I might I even thought about going escape pass lead elite and roaming So I make sure I do the ball on time every single time make sure I always get a perfect pass when I'm running That's that's a big deal, but this is what I'm going with. Let me know what you're going with especially on defense man I have like seven eight AP on defense. I don't even know what to do But this is what I'm starting with if you guys are in the chat you guys need to have abilities abilities This is what I'm rocking for this weekend league


Streptavidin is used in research, biotechnology, and medicine to form a non-covalent complex with a biotinylated ligand. For some applications where high affinity interaction is necessary, wild-type Streptavidin is an appropriate molecule to use. But in other situations, the use of wild-type Streptavidin can create a problem. Streptavidin is a homotetramer and has four high affinity binding sites. As a result, it combines multiple ligands and thus cross-linked them. This can be a problem when labeling molecules for imaging and tracking studies. As a tetramer, it may also be difficult to recombinantly fuse it to other molecules. We want it to create a monomeric Streptavidin that doesn't require oligomerization for function. Others have tried to engineer monomeric Streptavidin by introducing surface mutations. But in all cases, the engineered molecule had poor biophysical properties, including limited stability and affinity. In this work, we address these issues by designing a structural monomer that is stable and binds biotin with higher affinity. Such a molecule should be useful for various applications. Next, I would like to walk you through the process of how we engineered and characterized the molecule. The binding pocket of Streptavidin consists of residues from multiple subunits, including a tryptophan that forms a hydrophobic lid over bound biotin and is missing in the monomer binding site. However, there are Streptavidin homologs that form natural structural dimers, yet bind biotin with high affinity. Because their binding sites consist of residues from a single subunit, it may be possible to decouple biotin interaction from subunit association. We used homology modeling to build a monomer based on Streptavidin and Resavidin. To emulate the interaction between Resavidin and Biotin, we grafted the binding loop from Resavidin to Streptavidin and mutated other residues that may be involved in biotin binding. We also replaced the loop residues located at the opposite end of the beta barrel. Shortening the loop should increase the stability of the molecule without affecting its function. Dissociating Streptavidin exposes a lot of residues that were previously buried at the interface. These were mutated in the monomer to be consistent with their increased solvent exposure. The resulting molecule had comparable sequence identity to Streptavidin and Resavidin, indicating that it is a true hybrid between the two parent molecules. The desired molecule was experimentally tested. Our study shows that it is possible to engineer a stable and high-intensity monomeric streptavidin, which have useful properties that are acting in wild petriptavidin and other currently available streptavidin units. We first purified the protein from bacteria using affinity chromatography. The protein was then analyzed by circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy to obtain the denaturation temperature of 60 degrees and the dissociation constant of 2.8 nanomolar. We also fused the monomer to GFP to create a bifunctional molecule that is fluorescent and binds biotin. We demonstrated that it can bind a biotinylated cell surface receptor without aggregating it. The designed monomer can be used as a genetic fusion tag. For instance, it can be fused to a cell surface receptor for labeling with a biotinylated fluorophore. On the other hand, wild type streptavidin tetramer can be easily fused to a heterologous protein in a functional form. I hope this has been an informative session. Please go and check out the article which has been published in Biotechnology and Bioengineering. I can be reached at the number and email provided with the paper. I welcome any suggestions you may have on the design and the usage of the molecule. Thank you for watching.


Do not view the following file if you do not have clearance. SCP-3008, a dimensional anomaly leading to an infinite pocket dimension resembling an IKEA store, has undergone an anomalous event. This event has led to every IKEA honor leading to the pocket dimension. The staff of the anomalous space have been abducting civilians. All civilians must avoid all humanoids wearing IKEA uniforms. All civilians must avoid buying an IKEA product for the foreseeable future. Failure to obey may lead to interdimensional abduction or death. Please be aware that most anomalous staff possess a physical alteration branding them enhanced strength and speed. As a civilian, you must stay calm as the SCP Foundation works to combat these entities. The SCP Foundation will conduct you when the humanoid entities have been terminated. Further notification will be provided if the threat posed by interdimensional IKEA related anomalies is dealt with. Thank you for cooperating. Secure. Contain. Protect.


Six years ago today, the first ever Wheel of Mutt dropped. I gotta admit, we've come a very long way. But six years of Wheel of Mutt is hundreds of episodes. Throughout the years, we have made some incredible memories and played with some incredible players. And what I've assembled today is the Wheel of Mutt Dream Team. This is basically the all-star game for Wheel of Mutt. Keep in mind, there are some players that just simply aren't in Madden 24. So I try my absolute best. Let me walk you through the Wheel of Mutt Dream Team. Starting with the most important position, quarterback. I've got 84 core elite Jalen Hertz. Some of you may remember the gold, 74 overall Jalen Hertz, who threw laser beam dots like he was 99 overall Tom Brady. He was the best, most unbelievable quarterback. To this day, I swear it was a glitch or a bug in the system. He never should have been that good. We have had lots of amazing quarterbacks, but I think gold Jalen Hertz takes the cake. So to emulate that, I wanted to get the lowest overall Jalen Hertz. He's now an 84. As a backup quarterback, I did pick up Michael Vick. Throughout the years, we've used so many iterations of Michael Vick. I thought it made sense to have him. Another good option was Lamar Jackson, my Madden 20 Wheel of Mutt golden ticket prestige. But I'm just gonna use Jalen Hertz anyway. So it really doesn't matter. Moving on to halfback, we have three amazing and nostalgic options. That's 95 Barry Sanders, 93 Dre Archer, and 90 Marshawn Lynch. Barry Sanders was an obvious one. This is my favorite player of all time. I dominated with his Easter card in Madden 20. I dominated with his NFL top 100 card in Madden 20. He gets a 99 almost every year and I always try to use him. Dre Archer actually has been our dominant force in Madden 24 Wheel of Mutt. He's also a throwback to Madden Mobile 16. Dre Archer is a legend. And how many of you remember the AKA Beast Mode? The first year that Madden came out with the AKA promo, they dropped up Beast Mode. He had freight train activated and he was so unfair. I had so much fun with Marshawn Lynch. I tell you what though, I've had so many good options at fullback over the years. There's Corey Schleschen Goat, who's not Madden 24. There's Larry Zonklers, who's not Madden 24. But luckily, and honestly, I think the most iconic is the Nigerian nightmare, Krishnakoye. Krishnakoye was the first time I ever learned about Vanguard. Vanguard is the ability that Gronkh has. It lets you flatten people on blocks. It's so iconic because it's not meta. It's just not a good ability. People don't really use Vanguard in competitive play.  Wide receivers, the hands down most iconic wide receiver in Wheel of Mutt history is Tyreekill. Tyreekill has been on so many different Wheel of Mutt teams. He was one of my first ever insane prestige players. And back in Madden 20, there was an ability called Streak Specialist which made you way better at running streak routes. It was built for Tyreekill. You just gave him Streak Specialist. You put him on a streak about a coin flip.  It was messed up. I think Tyreekill is one of those players that may have made an appearance every single Wheel of Mutt season. There are very few players that I can say have truly been on every season. And I think he's one of them. So we had to have Tyreekill on this. DK Metcalf. This was a prestige a couple of years back. His prestige wasn't that great up until he got a golden ticket. And once he got a golden ticket, he got even crazier. DK Metcalf's always an insane wide receiver. We also threw in Randy Moss. I've used so many iterations of Randy Moss. We threw in Megatron. I prestigeed him one year and I had the option between wide receiver Megatron and corner Megatron. And then Justin Jefferson was a prestige once upon a time as well. So there's honestly so many wide receiver options. This was one of the most difficult for me to decide. I have had some amazing tight end prestigious over the year. And Darren Waller for like two straight years was an awesome force on our team. But one of the best prestigious I've ever made came in Madden 24. And that was the Rob Garnkowski prestige. I prestigeed him because he got Vanguard like a Coye. Then he proceeded to get a middle linebacker card with free lyric artist. And then he proceeded to get a cover athletes limited. And who knows, he might even get another card. So this truly is one of the best prestigious I've ever made.  Without the goat? I'll never forget when Will clapped DM me on Instagram and we played a game of Madden. He gets in the Xbox chat. The first thing he says to me, he goes, bro, I log in to Instagram one day and I'm getting all these DMs. And these kids are like, yo, Will clapped.   Dude, just one of the coolest guys. Quentin Nelson and Bruce Matthews, both some big offensive line prestigious over the years. Same with Anthony Munoz. I usually make fun of myself for not prestigeing O-Line. But as I look at this O-Line, these are all players I've prestigeed in the past. Oh, there will clap. I never prestige will clap. But yeah, Jason Kelsey, there was a dude. Jason Kelsey was such a good prestige that year. He went on to go to the Super Bowl. So he got team of the year. Then he got Super Bowl limited. And then he got a 99 after that. I don't remember what 99 he got after that, but that was a great year. Moving on to defense. Let's start with Sean Taylor. Sean Taylor was an amazing prestige. The year I prestige Sean Taylor, he also got a right outside linebacker card. So I had a choice between the free safety and the outside lineback. Not to mention Sean Taylor is one of those guys. Along with Lawrence Taylor, both the Taylors who have probably made an appearance on almost every Wheel of Mutt team. Lawrence Taylor is just always getting dominant cards. He's had an impact on Madden 24, 23, 22, 21, and 20. Had to have him on this team. Another guy that's been on a ton of teams and was an amazing prestige this season and continues to be is Ray Lewis, free lurk artist, monster hits. Yeah, some of these legends, man, especially on defense. One of my first ever prestige is with Devin White. So this season right after they won the Super Bowl, I wanted a really good user. And Devin White ended up being a great prestige that season. And here on this squad, he's 94 speed with free lurk artists. So excited to have him. This was an OG. This was from the very first season of Wheel of Mutt.  Foyoussad Alouicon. And at the time he was actually listed as an outside linebacker and he was a gold player and he bawled out. He was so good. If you actually legitimately remember me playing with Foyoussad Alouicon, you've been around for a long time and I appreciate you. Troy Palomalu had strong safety. He was a really fun prestige that year. Also grab Brian Dawkins. I've used so many iterations of him. Night Train Lane is in every Madden. He's always good. I've had him so many times. Another prestige from the first season ever was Mel Blunt. Mel Blunt's just the super physical corner. 6'3", 97 speed. He's probably got like 90 hit power at least. He's such a fun car to use. Champ Bailey, Jalen Ramsey, Deon Sanders, other classic prestigious at corner Vita Vaya. You guys remember the Vita Vaya prestige? I remember when he got the 98 overall limited edition. It's where the limiteds were all rainbow color. He got a 98 overall when I had him prestige and he was so good. William Perry, the fridge. I've either had the fullback or the quarterback or the T-Tackle so many times. Aaron Donald, an amazing prestige. And Montez Sweat. Montez Sweat is just like a Madden legend, bro. He's been on a lot of Wheel of Mutt teams, but he's so fast. He's always been so good at Madden. So I gotta have Montez Sweat too. I believe I prestigeed him when he had a really fast Blitz car. Some backups and some classics. Patrick Willis, Luke Keekley, Colil Mack. And on special teams, Jamie Gillen, AKA the Scottish Hammer. Justin Tucker and Harrison Bucker have both been on multiple Wheel of Mutt teams. It was hard to decide between these two, but I've definitely used more Justin Tucker's. That is the Wheel of Mutt dream team, boys. I gotta say gentlemen, it's been an honor over all these years to be able to continue to do what I love that wouldn't be possible without any of you. So I appreciate all you so much for watching this video. This has been a fun trip down memory lane, but the real fun starts when we get to go play with this team. Now there is a fun game mode right now called Tug of War. The reason I wanna play this is because you get unlimited X-Factors the entire time. So, oh, I think there's no better way than to relive our Wheel of Mutt dreams than with X-Factors lit up the entire time. We'll start out on defense. Let's see what we got, boys. Ray Lewis, Devin White, Foyuzada Luaqon. I'm gonna use her, Paul Amalu here. He's got absolutely nothing who got home. Mon, Des, sweat. I think the very first place should be a handoff to Barry Sanders. He does have freight train activated, so I should break the first tackle. They were all over that. Let's go on the boy, Foyuzada. He's gonna go with an RPO. He's gonna get rocked by Mel Blunt. He's just sent Megatron to the end zone. I mean, he's got double man. He's huge. Go for it, Megatron. No, dude, that guy is tiny.   It's got like a five, six corner on him. I don't think he has anything here. Mel Blunt has already made some insane impact here. I wanna spread the wealth though. I don't wanna just force feed Megatron, although I kinda still do. Can I do it one more time, guys? Can I do Megatron one more time? Just kidding, I can't. He's not even there. DK Metcalfe, little juke. You saw that Vanguard flatten from Gronk, didn't you? This is why you run Vanguard, ladies and gentlemen. I don't think he has anything open. He doesn't have anything open.   Would I train lane with a knockout? Luckily, I have deep out zone KO on night train lane, so I'm safe. That is a very good ball. I'm just gonna go to Barry. Nice catch, Barry. This is a hell of a battle right here. We got 12 yards. We're barely across the 50 here. I can't let him score a touchdown. He scores a touchdown. I'm in so much trouble.  Hey, great defense. Montez sweat another sack. I'm gonna block Gronk. Let's look at Megatron, right? He's got double me. Oh! I've never seen that. Dude, after making that Megatron catch, I absolutely have to win this game.  Aaron Donnell almost just ended it.  Ooh, nice catch. It doesn't matter if you throw an interception unless they return it past where you threw it from. He's going for the playmaker, but we got on him.  Let's use Barry Sanders. You think Barry can punch this in? Go with the weak side stretch, juke it back inside. I'll take a yard, I guess. I guess that's a loss of yard, what? How can I not get this in, dude? I got down here so easily. Megatron's got it. What are you doing? No, Jalen! You're not the gold Jalen Hertz, I remember. Wow. This is his last play. I just have to keep him on this side of the 50. Yes! Yes! This game away! Damn, I needed that help too, bro. I was like, I had like four players from the goal line. I couldn't score. It's looking like the Denver Broncos. This is a full Super Bowl lineup. Damn, this is a squad. Get there, block! Ooh, nice breakup, though. Really good break. Dude, that Mel Blunt is insanely good. I'm trying to get him on my Madden 24 wheeler-munt team. I didn't realize how good he was. That did not open. Hey! Dude, the Night Train Lane Mel Blunt duo is gnarly. Might as well, right?   Oh, please.  I just, wait, who is that? Donald Parham on defense? Wait, what? Gotta go do some research.  Right, casual? Obviously.  There is a Madden competitive series, non-auctionable, 95 overall, Super Bowl Donald Parham. What?  Just remember that it's not your fault. All right, we're just going airmail to Megatron. This is what I call not rocket science. Yo, he had it for a second and then it got punched out. Ooh, he goes with a little run play here. Big hit out of Troy Palamalu, nice work. Maybe I'll run it too.  Dude, let's see if we can win a tug-of-war with just Barry. I'm gonna run it against this. Seems like this is a little weird, I'm gonna do it. I got two yards. I don't think he has anything. No, he definitely doesn't. Good defense. We're just some Jalen Hertz out for Michael Vick.  Oh no, that's the wrong read. Remind me never to run rate option ever again. Yo, we gotta use the Nigerian nightmare. Let's go right side stretch. Let's cook. Great block out of the Nigerian nightmare. Juke out of Barry. Now we're talking. Seven yards. I'm gonna do this, we just run plays. Let's go left side. Cut up the middle. Okay, I got two yards on that one.  I think he lost yard. Yeah, he lost the yard doing that. You know what I want? I want an inside handoff. I'm on an inside zone with a double stack. Yes. Oh no, the tree archers in, that's not Barry.  Hey, tree archers at goat two. Get to the second level. Okay. I'm across the 50. My ball. All of my progress.  All right, Michael, Vic, I need you now, buddy.  Nice work. Sorry, I had to give up on the wrong game, boys. He lined me up with a double knee.  Boof, damn it.  Let's go, DK. That's fine. Dude, I'm about to run a hat-back slip screen. No, Jalen. Uh-oh, uh-oh, he has Metcalf. He has Metcalf. Okay, I actually prefer him throwing that. I have no idea how he caught that, though. I just put my helmet on the ball. This is, that was his last play. This is my last play. It's all or nothing right here. We got to go for 50. I'm going to the hat-back tree. No, tree. Oh my God, he had an opportunity at it. Dude, I don't know what happened to any of those plays. I'm so depressed. We got to go get it back, boys. All right, we're playing a Giants fan. Oh my God, he has so many D-line abilities. That's horrifying. I'm just throwing it up to Megatron. That's about my best play. He looking for McCaffrey? What's he looking for? Looking for nothing. He goes down. Megatron, single coverage.  It's going to say he's going to go deep corner out, but dude, Mel Blunt is so good. I have not seen Mel Blunt get cooked a single time. Yo, we got to get Tyree Killin' Volves. Although this is so open. I have to throw it. I'm sorry. That's like almost a touchdown. Maybe. Maybe. Maybe. Ow. We're so close. All right, Sean T. Got to step up.    Dot, absolute dot to Gronkowski out of Jalen Hurts. You got to love when it's poor accuracy, but the poor accuracy ball ends up being like the most perfect way it could have ever been thrown. He's got Michael Vick half back. I like that. He has absolutely nothing. Plants by Palamalu. Can we please get Tyree Killin' Volves? Like please, Matthew. Hey. Right in the middle for 20. Nice work. Gotta give the ball to the goat. Nigeria. I lost the arc. Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Mel Blunt has never been snagged on and it won't start today. Go, Barry. Good ball, Jalen. Oh my God. And there's a DPI, I think. Yo, if I accept this, I get to play again. Yes. Oh my God, let's go. I haven't used Barry enough. Here we go.  Palamalu.  He's got the deep corner out. Oh, night. Dude, I'm telling you. Mel Blunt never gets snagged on but Night Train's getting dogged over there. He's like trying to bait me to throw Megatron. Why would you do that? All right. Jalen, you're fired.   Look at the abilities. I'm running the ball.  Blocks, blocks, set up. Honestly, not bad. I'm on VitaVea. This is a mistake. 23 is open.  VitaVea, look. There's no shot that you just caught that. I've got 400 pounds of Samoan man in your face.  I do not have this guarded. Damn, he got far on that. I'm fine with that. We're picking up 11 yards every time. We'll maintain this lead. He's gonna run the exact same thing. Yup, not on Melblood, baby. Has anyone caught a ball on Melblood today? I think I can go Megatron here and just kind of ice this game. Well, that's not predetermined. Oh, Gronk, Gronk. That is a comical drop. What are we talking about? This is the final play of the game right here. If he gets 10 yards, he wins. Play action, we just got a blitz. We just got a blitz. Get home, let's go. All right, I'm gonna switch up the lineup for the final game, just a little bit. I'm gonna start Michael Vick. Michael Vick as a scape artist, as an ability. I wonder, like, should I even be employing strategy at all to this or should I literally just take all nine plays and just keep chucking balls to Megatron? Like, is this the best play every time? Ah. You know, Julius Pepper's free safety is like kind of the ultimate counter to this, huh? Michael Vick, three archer read option. Welcome to Madden, baby. Oh, I got a hand, no, I, okay. Okay, I handed that off to three archer that time. I held A to hand that off as a sack. Hey, I've gotten zero positive yards and we're still winning right now. I'm on William Perry, boom.  I don't know, boys, it's not looking good. We've got a hole to dig out of. Okay, okay. Good start, Michael Vick. Okay. Thank you. And just a freebie, oh, get the juke. Oh, night train. The dream lives on. Slowly, but surely we will march. No, we won't. No, blood!   It didn't really work and the ball got knocked out. Damn, I was hoping for those positive yards. He's got nothing. He's got absolutely nothing. Let's go. Beautiful. Megatron in the open field. A big juke! I'm up to the 45. What did he do on this last time? He threw an interception on this last time, is what he did. Come on, come on. Knockout, let's go. Metcalf, caught 50. All right, so he has final play. I have one more play, he has two more plays. No, I'm on William Perry, I'm so fucked. Okay, I love this. I love this, shawty! Yo, touchdown in its ball game, Gronk. Oh no, man!  Palamalu. Oh, breaks the tackle. Breaks another tackle, Palamalu. I think he's in cover two, man. I wonder if I could hit Barry. I definitely can't hit Barry, but I mean, like that's, what are you doing, Megatron? I don't know if I've ever seen the wide receiver high five the football before. That is a new animation for me. I'm just gonna go to Barry. Shit, no, break it, Barry. Just fake vacate the middle, then fly back to it. Oh, it's impossible. It's Mel Blanc, baby. Go, go, go, go, go.  Dude, like if he just air mails us the 80 and catches it, I'm gonna be so mad.   I actually like my odds here. That's crazy, dude. Big Dougie William, so see what he's got. He's got 81, but he doesn't because it's on Mel Blanc and it is physically impossible to catch a football in the radius of Mel Blanc. Might be a man. Oh my God, it is. Look at Gronk. Ooh, I might've had Metcalfe two though. Honestly, both of them got really good yards.  Is he really this good or am I just having like astronomical luck with him?  Probably should've possession caught that. He has absolutely nothing open and he's sacked by Montez sweat. Montez has got home so many times and he's gonna quit. I'm finally gonna win. All right, boys. Oh my God, it took me so long to get a win. That's embarrassing. But hey, the Wheel of My Dream team, what a blast to go down memory lane. Take a look at all these guys. I hope you guys enjoyed. It was so much fun to make and I'll see you guys in the next video. Peace.