So, as far as basic experimental investigation is concerned the main intention of conducting these experiments is to study the properties of dry soils that is number one. So, if you can model the properties of dry soils you know the mineralogical properties in short and this happens to be a single phase system mostly is it not. Now, if you are considering air also into the soil which is dry then this becomes a two phase system with soil and minerals which are present in the material. So, the first intention of doing these experiments is to determine electrical properties of the dry soils. So, that we know the properties associated with grain boundaries and the grains of the soil mass, electrical properties. Then another intention is to study the wet properties of the soils. So, when soils are wet what type of layers are formed what happens to the microstructure of the soil in the wet condition. This again is a two phase system with water and soil minerals present in it. So, in short when you are studying these two extremes that is the dry soils and the wet soils what you are trying to do is you are trying to capture the dielectric constants for the two extreme conditions of the soil mass is it not. So, in one case the minerals are submerged in air another case minerals are submerged in water. So, this gives you a fair idea about the properties and their fluctuation on a scale of dielectric constant or the conductivity. Now, most of the time we have been talking about the pore solution. So, the biggest question is how to give due weightage to the pore solution. Now, if you can extract the pore solution from the soil sample and you can characterize it by using electrical properties and if you can superimpose these properties on a two phase system of soil air or soil water then your modeling is complete. So, it is something like extracting the pore solution from the soil, characterizing it separately and then superimposing it on the matrix of the soil or the grain structure of the soil and then seeing whether your modeling is valid or not is this part clear. So, this is the basic intention when we conduct any experimentation for understanding the geomaterial properties or characterizing the geomaterial properties. And of course, another important issue here is how to estimate the hygroscopic moisture content of the soil mass because when you differentiate between dry and wet conditions of the soil this is the prime parameter what is the amount of hygroscopic moisture content of the soil mass. Now, one step ahead of this would be to determine the soil suction alright because this happens to be an interface between the dry state and the fully saturated state of the material. So, if you can quantify soil suction you can study three phase of the soil mass where in a better way that is soil minerals air and water combination. Now, most of the work which I am going to discuss in today's lecture is from this paper which was published by Paresha one of my PhD scholars a simple methodology for determining electrical conductivity of soils. Though the word is simple here which I have included but the methodology is very intricate, but even then this methodology is supposed to be a preliminary one quite simple. And whenever you get time you can go through this paper which was published in ASTM International which talks about the philosophy of studying dry soils wet soils pore solutions and how you can link these properties to the soil suction. And then once you know these parameters how we can extend this philosophy further to characterize swelling and non-soiling type of soils clear. So, the scope of this study is quite big well if you conduct any experiment in a impedance cell which I had shown you in the previous lecture the basic relationship which you get is between the conductivity and the frequency of AC. So, on x axis if you plot the frequency of AC and on y axis if you plot the conductivity what you will be getting is you will be getting a response which is shown as a pink dotted curve what it indicates is as far as the frequencies are very very low this is nothing but the DC zone all right. And when the frequency increases you are going from DC to AC region to study the response of the material. So, basic shape of the curve indicates as frequency increases the conductivity increases. Now what is that we want to do from this relationship from this relationship we want to obtain one reference conductivity for the soil mass. Now when I use the word reference conductivity normally this is defined as DC what is the meaning of this it is very difficult to measure the conductivity at pure DC value of frequency why because of electrode polarization and all other problems which are associated. So, what we do is we basically complete this spectrum and then extrapolate this line in such a way that wherever this cuts the frequency f or omega equal to 0 line. So, this point is considered as sigma dc all right. So, this is obtained by simple geometrical construction and this is what is also termed as a reference frequency your reference frequency can be any frequency at which you want to study the response of the material. So, for that matter I can consider this also as a reference frequency. So, in short what the basic equation can be presented as is the total conductivity of the soil mass would be combination of sigma dc and some combination of frequency multiplied by some constant term all right. Now later on we will see that this effect is nothing, but the effect of the pore solutions and the soil matrix which is present in the system all right. Now because I am plotting this graph on a normal scale it is a straight line if I plot it on a log scale this again would be a straight line. The basic form of this equation could be a non-linear curve also because if you see the response of this curve is non-linear in nature all right. Now sometimes this reference frequency is also defined as the threshold frequency that means most of the conduction takes place in the material beyond this frequency. So, you have to overcome this frequency level to achieve certain amount of conduction of ions in the material. So, this becomes a good characteristic curve and depending upon the R square value you can say whether your fitting function is good or not and the value of sigma dc which you are getting is ok or not. So, this is the first response which you get by conducting any impedance analysis. So, just to remind you again take any impedance cell which has two parallel plate capacitors or two electrodes fill up the soil mass conduct this simple experiment by changing the frequency of AC and then you get this relationship from where you can obtain sigma dc which happens to be a standard value for a given material. Now using this sigma dc what can be done this sigma dc when it is plotted with respect to volumetric moisture content or for that matter even the total conductivity or the bulk conductivity of the soil when it is plotted with respect to volumetric moisture content what you will notice is there will be a increasing pattern non-linear increasing pattern. So, what this indicates is as the moisture content increases conductivity of the material increases why it is so when you add the more and more moisture in the system the any conductivity increases alright. So, any conductivity will always be more for a soil which is in a slurry form as compared to a semi solid or a solid state of the material. So, this curve basically shows how conductivity will vary with respect to volumetric moisture content. Now where we can use this type of relationship any idea or can you guess of a situation where this type of relationship can be utilized in practical or real life. I can design a probe which will give me the volumetric moisture content of the soil mass or a geomaterial or a porous media how just by measuring its conductivity. So, once you have trained this type of a relationship or once you have this type of a calibration curve this can be utilized for measuring volumetric moisture content or vice versa. If you know the volumetric moisture content you can find out its conductivity that means depending upon these two philosophies I can utilize this curve for different real life situations any idea or any guess where I can utilize in what type of situations this type of information. One is say let us for profiling the water in the soil mass clear. So, you measure the conductivity and depending upon the conductivity you can say what is the volumetric moisture content. The reverse case would be suppose if I want to develop some alarm system automatic alarm system to trigger let us say sprinkling of water irrigation. So, you think of a electronic circuitry the moment theta drops below a certain value what will happen if theta drops let us say below the yield point of the crop. Let us say 15 to 10 percent if it drops what is going to happen there is a change in the conductivity and this change in the conductivity can be will trigger the alarm system clear. So, this is a very good application in real life where simple curves like this can be utilized for achieving lot of benefits that is right correct. So, any phenomena where the moisture content is increasing or decreasing can be translated to its conductivity which is very easy to measure and very easy to monitor. And then you can connect it to some electronic algorithm electronic circuit to achieve whatever you want to achieve alright. Now based on these experiments what researchers want to do is they want to come up with some generalized models and these models are known as Archie's law. So, I am considering the ultimate stage of the material where the material is unsaturated. Now this is the most general form of the equation which is used in practice the bulk conductivity sigma is a function of some constant multiplied by sigma w sigma w is the conductivity of the pore fluid or the pore solution multiplied by the porosity of the porous media to the power some coefficient multiplied by s what is this saturation to the power m alright. Now if you want to solve this equation how many sets of parameters are required you have 1, 2, 3 unknowns at the same time the porosity would also be unknown saturation would also be unknown and what you are measuring is conductivity. So, you think of a situation where you have so many unknowns and what you can measure is only one parameter either you can measure porosity sigma w is known most of the time you can find out the pore solution conductivity. So, in order to reduce the confusion what you can do is you can convert this equation in this form what is theta the volumetric moisture content and theta is equal to porosity into saturation. So, if you take out this term of porosity into saturation to the power m what you are left with is some constant multiplied by sigma w porosity to the power b minus m into theta to the power m. Incidentally sigma upon sigma w will be what this is the inverse of the formation factor that means which will talk about the anisotropy of the soil mass or the stratification of the soil mass and so on. Now most of the time b is equal to m for most of the soils. So, this term disappears from here and then what happens is you get the famous law of R g which is sigma equal to c sigma w theta to the power m. That means if I know the formation factor and if I know the formation factor these coefficients c and m I can obtain volumetric moisture content or if I know the volumetric moisture content and if I know c and m coefficients for a certain type of soil I can obtain the formation factor. It is easy to get sigma w. So, you can obtain sigma it is depending upon your requirements you can use these equations the way you want. So, this is a function which is relationship between formation factor and porosity or the volumetric moisture content. Most of the geologists and people in engineering geology they utilize this concept much more is it not because the formation factor is very very important term for understanding the history of formation of a deposit. Again I repeat the word this is history of formation of a deposit that means if you are studying how deposits are formed and what is their life geological life. You can use this term formation factor to derive some information about the sedimentation and so on ok. Now, regarding this parameter c and m this Paresha actually what it is he generalize these coefficients m and c and this was published in generalize Archie's law for estimation of soil electrical conductivity in general of STM in 2005. What we did is we realize that parameters c and m they have a strong bearing on clay content. So, we did lot of experiments and lot of literature collection and synthesis of the literature and when we plotted it on a scale with respect to m and c what we observed is that this type of relationship exist. That means up to a certain value of clay content approximately 7 percent or 8 percent the value of m remains constant beyond which it increases linearly as a function of clay content. Similarly, c also remains constant up to a certain limit and then beyond that limit of clay content the value of c increases linearly with clay content. So, in short if you know the clay content of a soil mass which is quite easy to obtain just by doing hydrometer analysis. So, the moment you know clay content you know parameters m and c which you can substitute in the previous equations. So, your sigma term conductivity is c multiplied by sigma w multiplied by value multiplied by theta to the power m. So, your generalized law is ready to be used for different practical applications. These are the very significant contribution to the profession. Now, you must have recognized this figure which I have talked about earlier also basically this type of setup is used for characterizing pore fluid or pore solution. This is a pressure membrane extractor which is connected to a retainer unit and retainer unit is connected to a compressor unit. So, air is compressed and it is retained in this retainer unit at a certain pressure. From this the compressed air goes into the pressure membrane extractor where the soil samples are kept on a filter cloth and a special membrane which is known as a PVC membrane, but cellulose state membrane. This experiment you will be demonstrated when you come to the lab for conducting the soil suction measurements. You can measure the inside pressure chamber and that will be equal to the suction pressure, but in this context which we are referring to when you apply certain pressure on the soil samples which are kept here, the pore solution drains out and can be collected in a sampling bottle. And this pore solution if you remember can be analyzed further by using atomic absorption spectroscopy for the heavy metals which are present in it or ICP unit depending upon the accuracy you require or this pore solution can also be utilized for determining a select property clear. So, this is the way you are filtering out the effect of pore solution from the bulk soil mass. So, you think of a situation where you are talking about the pore solution separately and the solid grains of the soils separately and then you are trying to find out what is the contribution of these two entities as far as conduction of current is concerned through the porous media. In this type of model we discussed in the previous lecture. So, the basic question was the philosophies which we are proposing of conduction of AC through porous media how you are going to prove that those philosophies are valid alright. Somebody was asking in the previous lecture that which out of these 3, 4 paths is going to be contributing maximum. So, this would be the best way you filter out the pore solution and then see whatever conduction is taking place whether it is grain to grain or grain surface or the pore solution and then you can develop the models to understand how current passes through the porous media and whether it can be utilized for characterization of the porous media or not alright. So, these are the typical results which you get for soils and distilled water. The basic idea of showing you this type of relationship is you should get a feel of when you plot the impedance spectroscopy results on next plots on y axis you have z double prime the imaginary part which is more capacitive in nature and on the x axis if you plot the resistive part which is pure resistance and not dependent on the frequency. So, for distilled water you will notice that there is very very less electrode polarization. See this portion is electrode polarization that means a thin layer which is formed between the electrodes and the material. So, because water is a wetting fluid the chances of electrode polarization would be less and that is what actually you are seeing here. On the contrary when you look at the response of the soil there is a contact problem and the contact problem is this portion of the material characteristic corresponds to too much of contact between the electrode and the material in the form of air. So, this could be one of the reasons of electrode polarization. Now, another thing which I wanted to show here is if you look at the shape of the curve is almost a circular curve. So, unless you increase the frequency it is very difficult to pass current through the solid phase of the soils. So, that is why we could not generate much of data because you are using an instrument which does not work beyond 1 mega hertz. So, we could not get much of the data ideally if you work in the frequency range up to 1 giga hertz you will get a perfect circular over here. Now, can you guess what would be the beauty of these type of relationships or these type of graphs? What could be the real life application in engineering if I give you these type of patterns what is that you can infer from them? Binnell it is something to do with your question which you asked yesterday. I can find out what are the phases of the material which are present in the material. So, a metallurgist when he conducts impedance spectroscopy his intention is to find out what is the composition of different metals in a composite. That means, depending upon the phases of the material present you will be getting so many circles in impedance plot. Here distilled water you have one phase of let us say small air and water. In this soil you have the solid phase of the minerals and some amount of air contact. So, if the shape of the circle shows you kinks, kinks means steps. So, each step will correspond to a certain phase of the material. So, those of you who might be working in FRPs design of you know fiber reinforced concrete FRCs there you will use these type of techniques quite a lot. You can fabricate your own composites and you can check the phases of the composites which are present and then you can model the structure in a better way. Now, where we can utilize this type of concept in civil engineering related to soils and foundation and the concrete. If you want to know how concrete is setting. So, there are lot of people who have worked in this area. You can find out the aging of the concrete by consecutive freezing of nicks plots or impedance plots and that is where you can differentiate between the time when the concrete just start setting in and the gel formation is maximum. And this will also differentiate between the green concrete and the set concrete. So, what type of a mixture should be added, what type of accelerator should be added, what type of retarder should be added. So, in short you can understand a process which is going on at a micro level in the system by conducting these type of analysis. Is this part clear? The scope of these are not only the plots or the graphs, these graphs give you a lot of information. A biotechnologist or a biomedical scientist will be using these type of relationships to understand whether your biocells are cancerous or not. Any guess how they will be doing this? Actually we have learned this art from biotechnologists. If the cells are healthy, they will not have much of moisture in them, but if cells are unhealthy, they are cancerous, their water storage capacity will be much more. And you know by this time that the impedance of water will be very high. So, you can distinguish between the dead cells, healthy cells and unhealthy cells just by looking at their dielectric response or the impedance response. You got the point. So, this is where actually people are utilizing this. In aviation industry, where you want to establish after how many runs of let us say a certain equipment or say after how many flights of an aircraft. So, micro cracks may develop in the wings which are not visible just by naked eye clear. So, any impregnation of air in a system will be treated as a phase of a material into the system. And that phase of the system can be captured with the help of impedance response very easily. Good example of this type of relationship in our studies would be detection of cavities or the microstructure of the soil. The switcher will be discussing much more in details when he presents his seminars.  So, that means this type of analysis happens to be a very good tool to study the grain structure and in short the fabric structure of the soil mass. So, these are the scopes of the studies which we are talking about here. I hope this part is clear to you now. Anything else which you like to add application wise? So, I have applications in cement any material can be characterized with the help of its impedance response. Now, just to give you a feel of how dielectric constant changes with respect to the frequency I have plotted here distilled water response for dielectric constant as well as conductive with respect to frequency. Distilled water is supposed to be least conducting water is it not. So, what you notice here is as the frequency increases the conductivity of the distilled water will increase with DC frequency of 1.68 10 power minus 4 cements per meter and look at the dielectric constant. Dielectric constant varies very sharply as the frequency increases what is the meaning of this distilled water is a good conductor of electricity or bad conductor of electricity that is right. So, but the moment frequency is increased what happens to the dielectric constant it decreases very sharply and then it becomes almost constant. What is the value of water we have been talking about 81 approximately. So, we got say about 76 78. So, this is how the calibration is done for the impedance cells in which you are going to test the soil samples. So, before you run any experiment it is always a good idea to calibrate the impedance cells by using different oils, water, different fluids, different standard materials and then go ahead with determination of electrical properties of geomaterials. Is this part clear? Another good example is how dielectric constant changes for soils as frequency increases. There is a drop in dielectric constant of several cycles you know log cycles. They are starting from a very high value of 10 power 8 to almost very close to 80 81 less than 100 at very high frequency. What is the significance of this? Whenever you use any advanced equipment the first question is in which range I should study the material property. What it indicates is if you measure a electrical property corresponding to this frequency what you are going to get is the properties which are not stable. However, when you are studying the properties in a frequency range of megahertz or gigahertz range the dielectric constant variation is almost negligible and this is the region where you will be getting the properties of the soil mass or any material which are going to be much more reliable and stable. So, this is how the training is done for selection of frequency. I think you must be having this idea question in your mind that you are doing the complete spectrum analysis, but which frequency should be used for characterizing the material. So, the answer comes from here wherever the drop in dielectric constant is negligible that is the value of frequency we should be adopted for characterization of material. Any questions here? Let us talk about the hydroscopal moisture content which is depicted as W H. Basically hydroscopal moisture content is the moisture which is adsorbed by the soil from the environment due to electro molecular forces, electromagnetic forces and so on. Normally W H is measured for air dried soils which is not correct. The thumb rule is clay should never be air dried sorry clay should never be oven dried alright. So, they should always be air dried and when you are air drying them the hydroscopal moisture content comes into the picture. The basic question is that what is the value of hydroscopal moisture associated to the soils? Now, this part we have studied earlier also that hydroscopal moisture content is a function of specific soil surface area, data exchange capacity, liquid limit, swelling potential, but you can extend this series to by including conductivity and dielectric constant as well ok. Truly speaking dielectric constant and conductivity are the parameters which will take care of all of the parameters associated in this equation. So, we can say that W H will be a function of conductivity and dielectric constant. So, the first philosophy is hydroscopal moisture content should be a function of conductivity corresponding to hydroscopal conductivity, conductivity corresponding to hydroscopal moisture content. Normalized it with conductivity corresponding to the dry condition of the soil mass of the geomaterial. So, if you take the ratio of these two you will be getting the hydroscopal moisture content W H. At the same time if I talk about the contrast and k value dielectric k value. So, that should also be linked with W H, where k difference happens to be the difference between k hygroscopic minus k dry. So, hygroscopic moisture content will always give you a higher degree of dielectric constant as compared to dielectric constant and dry state of the material. Now, these concepts are being utilized for characterization of clays in a very well manner. And this was a contribution again by Paresha in a method logic for determination of hygroscopic moisture content of soils, which was published in general of ASTM International. Whenever you get time please go through this work, where you can substitute the values of k difference and normalized conductivities to get hygroscopic moisture content directly. And of course, you can link W H with SSA, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, liquid limit and solid potential of the soils.


Hi and welcome to the session. Today I will help you with the following question which says find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 6x square minus 3 minus 7x and verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients of the polynomial. Before moving on to the solution, let's recall the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients of the polynomial. Suppose we have a polynomial ax square plus vx plus c, then sum of its zeros will be equal to minus of coefficient of x upon coefficient of x square. And product of its zeros will be equal to constant term upon coefficient of x square. This is the key idea for this question. Now let us proceed with its solution. We are given the quadratic polynomial 6x square minus 3 minus 7x which can also be written as 6x square minus 7x minus 3. Now let us factorize this quadratic polynomial by splitting its middle term. Its middle term is minus 7x, so we will split minus 7x as minus 9x plus 2x because minus 9x plus 2x is minus 7x and minus 9x into 2x is equal to minus 18x square which is equal to 6x square into minus 3. So this polynomial will become 6x square minus 9x plus 2x minus 3. Now from the first two terms let us take 3x common so we will get 3x into 2x minus 3. Now from the last two terms let us take plus 1 as common and we are left with 2x minus 3. So this will be equal to 2x minus 3 into 3x plus 1. Thus 2x minus 3 and 3x plus 1 are the factors of the given quadratic polynomial 6x square minus 3 minus 7x. Now to find out the zero of the given quadratic polynomial we will equate this quadratic polynomial to 0. So value of 6x square minus 3 minus 7x is 0 when either 2x minus 3 will be equal to 0 or 3x plus 1 will be equal to 0. That is when x will be equal to 3 upon 2 or x will be equal to minus 1 upon 3. Therefore zeros of 6x square minus 3 minus 7x are 3 upon 2 and minus 1 upon 3. Now we need to verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients of the polynomial. So first of all let us find the sum of zeros which will be equal to 3 upon 2 plus minus 1 upon 3 that is 9 minus 2 upon 6 which is equal to 7 upon 6. Now in the given quadratic polynomial minus 7 is the coefficient of x and 6 is the coefficient of x square. So 7 upon 6 is equal to minus of coefficient of x upon coefficient of x square. Now let us find the product of zeros which will be equal to 3 upon 2 into minus 1 upon 3 which is equal to minus 3 upon 6. And in the given quadratic polynomial minus 3 is the constant term and 6 is the coefficient of x square. So this is equal to constant term upon coefficient of x square. Thus we have verified the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients of the polynomial. With this we finish this session. Hope you must have understood the question. Goodbye, take care and keep smiling.


What's up everyone it's your girl Kenzie here from Leighton Sports Cards. Now we're up in a personal for Ryan B We've got a 2022 Bowman Chrome baseball hobby box. All right. Good luck Ryan. Thanks again for helping back in We've been tons of baseball today. We're in a baseball kind of mood this Sunday Ready for the season to start up. Let's see some Tigers legends here for a while City like your shirt. Oh the breast cancer wearing this one I don't know if we're selling those. I think those were just for the employees. Yeah So no you can't have one cow Raleigh baby Panada James Wood 100 bucks. I'll sell you mine Marta Cabrera Watson Leroy Luciano India sheets. We've got refractor of Luis Angelacunha Rangers to 4.99 Lexus Hernandez-Angeles Ashby Rookie-Miggy. We've got refractor first auto of Simon Juan 29 of 4.99 Acosta and Munoz Miranda J. Allen. We've got fuchsia of Jonathan India for the Reds 1.29 of 2.99 Noel and Meyer Shet R. S. It came to the league. Jackson Job, Dan Drade and Bal Khazar We'll do it for the first mini box Number two Buxton Tucker Miller Fannas Andrew Baker Lewis Dettmers James Wood Shades of Greatness Crow Armstrong and Volpe Vlad Penya Recubase. We've got Denzier Guzman on the aqua for the Angels to 125 Jay Allen and Sal Freilich Tay Matt Manning. We've got a Benjamin Callas first for the Yankees Paulino first and Lorenzo Berger, Kellnick, Painter Shades of Greatness Hernandez and Triantos That's that that's crazy. I haven't seen that. We've got a purple shimmer of Marco Luciano out of 250 for the Giants Benny and Acunha Alrighty Ryan that will do it for your bowman chrome. Thanks again for helping back in we'll get these right out to you


As Nigeria prepares for another round of elections in 2023, citizens have continued to express their views on what their expectations are. That's on straight views. Well, basically at the moment, the situation in town, the situation of the country determines the wave of how election goes. The government of the day has so much messed up and even the blind and the deaf in the society can tell. So for 2023, I believe that it's going to be about the corporate need of the society beyond individualisms because if we don't get it right this time as a corporate society, we cannot get it out again. So basically, the performance of the present government will determine the result of this 2023 election. Hopefully I'm expecting the part to change from the ruling party to the other party which is PDP because I think every part of the, every corner of the country, they are tired of the ruling party which is APC because instead of things to like being destabilised in a way it's getting too hard for people to, so people can't bear it anymore. That's my views on it. Yes, we've been living that too, but people are tired of suffering. So I believe people will come out to vote for their choice. That will really make peace because imposing people on party members have always brought menace to our society. When people vote for their right choice and the right choice wins, it brings peace to the world. So I believe at this election, people will vote for their right choice.


It's story time. My name is David Patton. When I started photography, I wanted to make art. I wanted to be a landscape photographer. But with a family to feed and bills to pay, I decided it would be better to be a working photographer than a starving artist. So I took a job as a photojournalist. 25 years and thousands of assignments later, it was time to go back to my first love. It was time to follow my passion. Come along on my journey to become the best black in my photographer I can be. Whether it be film or digital, I will be sharing what I learned through my successes and my failures in hopes to inspire and educate. This is my journey. This is Bright in the Edge. Time for another story behind the photo. It's been quite a while since I've done one of these. And I thought I'd share the story behind this photo right here. I just came across this image, looking through some old photos. And I was reminded about this little trip I took with my youngest son, Andrew. I've lived in Oregon all my adult life. And I had never been to the Alford Desert. I'd seen it before, from about 9,000 feet up above the Alford Desert, up on Steens Mountain, which is just west of the Alford Desert. But I'd never been actually out on the Playa.  We're just gonna spend one day out there. So we got there in the late afternoon and took some photos and set up camp and just kind of enjoyed being out there. And then when it got dark, I thought I would go ahead and put a light in my tent. Gotta get one of those glowing tent shots, you know, on the desert with some of the stars behind. Thought I'd make a shot like that just for a record shot. My camera gear wasn't really that great for astrophotography or anything, but I thought I'd go ahead and make a few photos. So I set my tripod up with the tent in the foreground and I was trying to get some stars in, knowing that it was just really a four record shot. I was probably shooting towards the east.  And I may have used a little different language. And he looks over and he's like, I don't know. I said, is there, do you think there's a town that direction? He said, I don't think so. Well, maybe it's a toxic waste dump. We were kind of joking around at that point. There were these rays of beams coming up from the horizon. They were faint, but they were very visible and it was kind of shocking to see. So frantically, I set my tripod up that direction and started making photographs. Probably 30 second exposures, something like that. And when I looked at the back of the camera, we were amazed at what we were seeing. The long exposure was probably adding to the vividness of the scene. It was the northern lights over at the Alford Desert. It wasn't something we knew was gonna happen. We actually had to research it when I got home because we still really didn't understand what we were seeing. It was like just this wonderful, amazing sight. That made this outing so special, so unique. It's one of those times where the photo really illustrated why I go out into nature for landscape photography. There's always that moment of surprise, of wonderment. I still feel that now when I go out and do landscape photography, it's magical times. It can be just magical to see a magnificent sunset or sunrise or the way the landscape and light are playing together. There's just so many really interesting, wonderful wonderment, so much wonderment in the experience of landscape photography. And after I made a few images, the light was starting to calm down a little bit.  And I made a few of those images. And didn't notice until I got home, probably quite a while after I'd been home, got edited the main shot, that there was this, one of the frames had this really interesting little light event behind me that was kind of cool. It was actually kind of a unique looking thing. It looked like something was entering, it turned the atmosphere while I was taking the shot. I'm guessing it was probably a meteor. Could have been UFO, just saying. Image was made with the older 5200 series Nikon, smaller sensor. I knew it was gonna be fairly noisy. But now that I look at the image these years later, I actually can appreciate it more. I think now that I'm shooting film more, the imperfections don't seem to bother me as much. There's a little bit of noise. Doesn't really take away from the kind of the unique experience we had. That's what I see when I actually see this image is, I'm reminded of this wonderful little trip we took. Now back when I made this image, I was actually making a video, and which was part of a series I was doing back before I had this YouTube channel. It was called An Outdoor Life. And it wasn't really photography centric. There was photography in it at times. But it was more a general outdoor activity type of video series. And I think I'll go ahead and add a link either in the description or at the end of the video or up above if you'd like to check it out. It's just like a, it's a pretty short video. But I think it does capture the flavor of the Alvord Desert. Well, I want to thank you for listening to my little story on the Northern Lights or Borealis over the Alvord Desert. Hopefully my next episode will be out in the field taking pictures. I've got a trip planned and I'll be heading out in the next few days. And if you like the content I'm making on this site, I never say this, but subscribing would really be beneficial. It really helped. My channel is growing, but it's growing really slow. Love to be able to reach more people. So thumbs up, hit the bell and subscribe. That's all stuff that I hear all the time. I easily neglect to mention that. I probably should try to be a better YouTuber. Well, I think I'm in this video right here. Thanks for coming along on this little story behind the photo. So until next time, thanks for coming along for the ride.


Welcome to the nonprofit show. We are so glad that you're here. And I am thrilled to have with us today, one of my favorites from Blumerang, Diana Otero. And she joins us as product marketing manager, also again at Blumerang. But annual reports that engage is the conversation she's brought to us. And Diana has been with us multiple times over the years.  So Diana, I'm ready, my pen is here, ready to start taking notes. But for those of you that have joined us again, want to say welcome. Julia Patrick is here. She's the CEO of the American Nonprofit Academy. And I'm Jarrett Ransom, your nonprofit nerd and CEO of the Raven Group. We want to say thank you to our amazing partners, which do include Blumerang. So a shout out to you at Blumerang. Again, thanks to Diana for joining us this month. Every month we have a representative from these sponsors join us. Also want to say thank you to American Nonprofit Academy, Fundraising Academy at National University, non-profit thought leader, your part-time controller, staffing boutique, non-profit nerd, as well as non-profit tech talk. So Julia, can you believe that soon we will have a thousand recorded episodes? And why don't you tell people where they can find us? You know, I'll tell you where you can find us. You know, streaming broadcasts, of course podcasts. If you'd like to consume your content, you know, seeing us or if you'd like to listen to us, you can do it there. And you can also download the app. And this is like one of the fascinating things, cursings, blessings, whatever you want to call it. You know, with nearly a thousand episodes, there's a lot to get through. And so with our app, it'll help you kind of streamline that. So if you need to find something about fundraising or board development or a particular product like Blumerang, you can type that in and then it'll come up and kind of help synthesize kind of the things that are going on. So definitely check us out there. Diana Otero coming to us from the great state of Indiana. You know, a lot of people don't know this, but Indiana really leads the way in so much philanthropic tech, philanthropic studies with Eli Lilly School at IU. I mean, there's a lot going on there. And so I gotta say, I gotta kind of admit when I hear somebody that they're from Indiana, I'm like, okay, they're legit. They know. It's not interesting, you know, because of all these influences and how you've as a state really gotten behind the sector. And it's certainly a national influence, but as product marketing manager, Blumerang, I bet, Diana, you see a little bit of everything, right? You do, right? It is interesting. It's one of those things in your mind. You know that about Indianapolis, but just as you said that, I started counting within a 10 minute walk of our house, there's three different nonprofits that I personally know of that I can just walk over and either help out or participate in their activities. Oh, that's fascinating. And I bet they're all on Blumerang, aren't they? Two of them are, one just moved. And so, well, make some friends over there. Yeah, no, that's fascinating. And we keep saying, Julia, that we're gonna make it to the headquarters out there for Blumerang. So that's all my 2024 goals. But let's dive deep into this conversation because I'm really curious, annual reports that engage. And we think about this, your first talking point here is for us to think about what the donors want to hear. What is they want to hear? Yeah. Absolutely. I like, so Catherine Fuller, president and CEO of World Wildlife Fund. I think she really says it best. And it's essentially the same, whatever type of nonprofit you are, the message is that you couldn't be doing this. You cannot do this without the donor's help. Like that is at the core of what you're doing or that's how you provide services, programs, benefits to your constituents is with the help of these donors. So really, that's the biggest message and that's what they want to hear. Did I help? How did I help? You know, I think of that as the boy ethos, you know, boy, because of you. And if you frame that in, like what is it? Because of you, we were able to do this because there's so much lost in our connectivity and what we do. And so I appreciate you bringing this up because I think sometimes we forget about that. I mean, on our side in the nonprofit sector, it seems so apparent and so basic, but I think we lose it. And I don't know why that is. I don't know why we lose that sense. I'm curious, Diana, when we think about the donors and what they want to hear, are we asking them by way of a survey? Are these just organic conversations we're having and gleaning the insights? Like how do we really capture what they want to hear? Great question. Is a fantastic question. And there isn't one right answer. There's gonna be a couple, right? Because it also depends on what you have the bandwidth for and what you have the appetite for. What can you, if you want to do a survey, can you? Do you have the means to be able to do that? Or if you don't, can you experiment, right? Hey, compare your different annual reports. How did this one do? What was the messaging there like? And what seemed to get the most engagement from your constituents? Like whether you think it or not, how your donors respond to that, that's telling you something. So pay attention to those cues or even personal conversations with donors. What do they say? What are the things that they pick up on? Do they even talk to you about your annual reports if they do? What are those things that they pick out? And they're like, oh, hey, this was interesting. What caught their attention? So don't get stuck in that. I need to send a survey, I need to ask them. But there are some times that they're telling you you just need to pay attention. And I appreciate that permission, right? Like it's not a one size fits all. It's what do you have the bandwidth? What do you have the appetite for? Well, apparently some donors really want to know about outcomes, right? So not so much what are all of the activities? What are the things that took place throughout the year? But let's highlight those outcomes. So highlight outcomes, not only the activities. Tell us more in that space. Yes, a lot of times we think of annual reports as kind of a summary of what we did, but, and then it stops there. Like it's great. I love knowing what you all did, but why, so what? Why did that matter? Like I want to know why that matters because if I want to keep supporting you, I want to know that it's doing something like as a donor. I'm one of those nerds that I collect all those annual reports that I can get my hands on because I want to see how they're doing it. And I want to see what impact they're making, not just the activities.  It's the documentary with Dan Pallotta and he really talked a lot about the impact, highlight the impact and what that looks like. Julie, I'm going to ask you to share your kitchen analogy because I think this is relatable as well. Well, you know, it's funny because when we were talking about this, you know, right in the, in the green room chatter, which today was like the kitchen chatter because we were all about food for some reason. But you know, I think that a lot of times we feel like we got to put all these different ingredients into our pie. And then we pull it out of the oven and it's a pie versus, you know, just putting in a few ingredients and coming out with the same pie in essence. And I think a lot of times we have a sense that if we're busy, we're being productive.  Just because you checked off a big list doesn't mean you're really to use your word Diana impactful. So when, when I saw this, I was like, wow, this is, this is something almost like a way to live, right? Or a way to think or process about your work. And I'm, I was so curious about this because I think a lot of times we can confuse busyness with productivity. Yeah. Absolutely. And again, does like maybe some people want to know all the ingredients that go into it. I'm thinking when we look at an annual report, do we want to know that there was 27 workshops, 13 webinars, seven. I mean, I feel like I'm in a partridge in a pear tree. Like do we need to list all that out or is it just boom? Here's the impact. Here's the outcome of the activities throughout the year. That's what I'm gleaning from this. Is that right, Diana? Absolutely. And the way I think about it, this is very simplified, of course, but like I think about it as what's so what now what. The what is your, this is what we did. We did these webinars, we did these activities, so what? What is the impact? And then relating that to this kind of leads into our next one too of like, okay, now that we know the what and the now what, the what and the so what, the next question is now what? What do we do about this? I like that. So, you know, I've got to ask you in my mind and I'm really interested in both of your opinions. It always seemed to me like back in the day, the annual report was driven by the financial reports that came in from our end of the year. And it seems like over the last 10, 15 years, we've kind of switched it up to saying, no, we're gonna use this as a brochure. And so we're gonna make it a little bit more interesting and we're gonna make it more colorful and we're gonna tell a story, just to pose as to all those pages of the financial reporting and then all the donors in like four point type, right? And I'm wondering, you know, if you've seen that and you talk about choosing a compelling theme, is that part and parcel to this? So like how we're communicating out? I think that is part of it because a couple of things, right? One, it is part of it of the compelling theme really brings everything together. Like if I have all these different charts, these different numbers, I don't always know how they relate to each other, but having that theme and telling that story puts everything in context. And I think a lot of people get mired in the, or people don't think the same, right? Some people are more numbers driven. Some are not. So combining those different things, you're hitting those different modalities and reaching a wider audience because there's something for everyone to pick up on. Bingo. What do you think about that? Yeah, I'm seeing the financials less and less. And to me, that's not a bad thing because I'm seeing financials shared more often, more frequently throughout the year. So I don't think it's like, okay, now's the time of year that we get to share this transparency of our financials has really become a best practice as we talk about throughout the year as a consistent communication piece is really what I'm trying to say here. So I've seen the annual report move into, we're gonna talk about this next, involving stories, involving visuals, involving iconography into these other ways. I love what you said, Diana, like it really is an opportunity to invite people that gravitate to different elements to still find their way in an annual report. They're not intended to be on a show boring anymore. Like, I love the brochure aspect of it. What about the list and pages and pages and pages of all the donors? What are you seeing with that? I say, cut it, cut it, cut it. It's gone, it's been done. Now, Diana, I do wanna hear from you. Yeah, I mean, what do you think? When I was creating these, it was a nightmare, right? Is our data accurate? Is there spelling accurate? Do we have the household accurate? Like, it was just a mess.  That to me was my best prospect research and I would just go through it, right? Like, but what are you seeing with the donor list? That's funny, I was just talking to someone this morning who I told them I was coming on the nonprofit show and they were like, oh yeah, I just got this annual report. I just flipped open and was like, where's my name? That was the first thing that they were looking for. That's funny. Well, okay, that, and was that like because they were a large donor or at any level? Because I think that's the other thing you could say, we're just gonna put our big donors and then, you know. Exactly, so they were kind of on the larger side. So they were like, where's my name? Did they put me in the right place? So I thought that was interesting. And again, it's that it's different audiences, right?  I would recommend maybe some of the larger donors who would expect to see their names, keep those in there. There's also, I mean, there's debate around should it be by mail, should it be available on the web? Maybe experiment with both those smaller donors, still put them online. They don't need to print as many pages, but those larger donors, it's important for them to have that visibility. You can still add them there. Yeah, I love that a lot. You know, I've seen a lot of organizations use this as a brochure. There's a QR code that they share. You know, you can download it. You can print it as a PDF, however you want to do. One of my pro tips, so sorry, I'm gonna slide one in here, is to reuse, repurpose and recycle this annual report throughout the year, right? So I want us to move into telling stories because that is one of the best elements to use throughout the year, as well as these charts and these graphs and the icons, right? Like I want this annual report to be designed in a way that it is used every single month. So talk to us about the storytelling in the annual report. I love that. That really falls in line with, we really need to think about our annual reports as a strategic communication piece. This isn't just reporting out, but how can we use this strategically? And that's part of that. How can we reuse this? How can we tell stories with this?  So you need to be telling those stories and then that goes back to so what? What are the numbers telling me? And I love what you said about the QR code too of like, that's the now what portion, right? So the telling stories bridges that so what and now what? What do we do with this?  And I think that's kind of a missing piece of thinking about it strategically. What do we want people to do after we've told these stories? Right. I love that you said that because what do we want? Again, impact. Hello, how do we keep moving this forward? And what are the options? Because I think sometimes we do just like, okay, here you go. And then that's it, right? Versus like what Jared said, looking at this is how we're going to move it through, reuse it, repurpose it, present it again for somebody who might have missed it. I think it's just something that a lot of us, and it goes back to your very first point today, we just do it to get it done.  We got to get this done. And then we don't think of it as really a tool, which is terrible. Because it takes a lot of work to get this done. It takes a lot of work and it goes back to the, what donors want to hear? Absolutely. And I would say too to this Diana and I'm curious, from the organizational standpoint, how will we use this strategically, right? So what is it our donors want to hear? How do we want to use this strategically? And between the two, there's got to be some kind of a nice blend. If it is a lot, Julia, right? Like you think about it often, board members are involved, the CEO, executive director, if your founder's still involved, like there's so many elements that you can put into the annual report. But how do you do at keeping these top four things in mind that Diana shared here to make it impactful? And that's what's so important. It really is. Absolutely. Diana, what are you seeing in terms of just the general piece? Are you seeing people really gravitate probably because of printing costs and mailing costs to do something more online? Or you mentioned trying a little bit of both. How can you direct us to kind of understand that? It's a good combination, I would say. And a recent trend I've been seeing from this year so far is they'll have a shorter piece that's printed. And then it directs them back to the website because the website is where they can tell those bigger stories, they can add videos if they want that they can't do in print. Their donation form is right there. So I'm seeing a lot of that blending of here's the direct mail piece, directing you back to the online piece. Wow. And I see it too, where it's the multi-page and then it's the front and back of 8.5 by 11. Like here's an infographic of some highlights that we wanna share and what that looks like. Now you brought up a great point videos, right? That's clearly something you cannot put in a printed version. Now I have seen there is an organization here in our community, Julia. They have this beautiful glossy multi-page annual report and there's a QR code alongside a photo and a little subject kind of like to hear more, to read more and then it takes you to a video. And I thought how brilliant because it became interactive. Right, right. Yeah, to hear, you know, Sharice tell her story, scan this QR code. Yeah, and then you have a great image. I'm seeing that more and more. And I do like that word, you know, the interactive aspect of it because if you don't engage with it, at least you know, you know that there's a deeper connectivity point there. And I think that sometimes that's just as powerful is actually launching it. I do too. And I have a curveball question for both of you, right?  I'm really curious. When should we do an annual report? Now, I know I've been in this market for a really long time, right? There's your fiscal year as a non-profit that many have the July one start date. A lot of donors, when you think of consumer psychology, we work off of a calendar year. So, my curveball question is, if we're at July one fiscal year, would it be bad if we did a calendar report like a December, January report? Let's, can we talk about this? I'm really curious. Yeah, it's a good question. Jerry, the good questions today, sister. I had my callings. Diana, you take this one. I say do both. I mean, we just talked about repurposing and how you can reuse something. You will get some donors who expect it to come at the end of the calendar year. Again, like me of like, I collect those, or what are they doing and start collecting? The nice thing about going with the fiscal year is you're not competing with a lot of other nonprofits that are doing on a calendar year basis, but I would do both. Interesting. So, Diana, what do you think about like the, if you're doing, like sometimes I'm like, wait a minute, you're sending out the annual report at the end of November, beginning of December, you haven't finished your year. I mean, this is kind of like my thinking. How do you do this? Because you're right. There's so much competition for time, interest, money at the end of the year. How do you, how do we juggle all that? I would do several touches, right? Again, going back to this is a strategic piece and this is just the start of the engagement. So if I send, if I'm sending out my annual report, I don't have all the numbers yet. Maybe my story's not a complete yet, send a follow-up. I remember, I tend to remember those of like, I have several touches of like, oh, they have, I was curious about this story. I wonder how it ended and there's a continuation. Okay. It keeps me engaged. So that's a, I think that's a nice thing to think about in terms of it's not just a one and done. And we talked about that earlier. It's not just a one and done, use it as the start of your engagement and how can you keep it going from there? I think we just revamped the annual report and I'm loving it. You can build into direct mail solicitation where you do a continuation story, an update story, where are they now story? What if we did like, and this is for all of us in question, a six month update, right? So if we did a fiscal and that's July one, then essentially we would do a January one. So it's not quite competing with year end, but it is launching, the new year, but that's still six months in essentially of our fiscal if we're a July one. So I'm getting super nerdy ladies and I hope you're right here with me because what if we did do, right? Like a mid-year report. I love that also, because you can tie that in with your goals. You know, at the start of, or at the end of this fiscal year, you can say, okay, these are our goals for next year and then have a mid-year update. How are we doing? And then tying that into the now what? How can I help? How, why are you telling me this? Are you, is it so I can help you get to the rest of, to your goal for the rest of the year? Yeah, keep the same theme, keep the consistency, keep the same look. Oh, so much good stuff here. Okay, let's bring out that crystal ball because I love talking about the annual report. Diana, we might have asked you this before. This is our go-to question for, you know, conversations that are just rockin' and rollin', but if you had a crystal ball, and I'm sure you do, so let's just pull it out, dust it off, right? What are you predicting for 24? So we're looking, you know, right now, we're, believe it or not, what ladies, we have like a week and a half left of December. What do you think? And not just annual reports, but let's just go broad, you know, what are you predicting in 2024 or what is your crystal ball telling you that we can look forward to that might be a little different, might be a little innovative, like what's coming up for you for 24? I think we're seeing a lot of personalization at scale. So we might be seeing slightly different versions of the same things, whether that's annual reports, whether that's communication, because as we're learning more and more about our donors, we know what resonates with them, and we can kind of group them into those buckets of what's interesting for you, what do I talk about when I'm talking to you? And I think we're gonna see more of that. I'm excited for it. Oh my gosh, you just, okay, I'm excited for that too, and how AI plays a role in that. And that reminds me, Blimerang just sent an email about using AI for donor messages and how you can, you know, steward your donors utilizing AI, that speaks to personalization and customization through and through. So if that's not on everyone's calendars, it should be. I'm sure there's a landing page on Blimerang, but it comes off the press to my email box. I saw that too. And you know, I just heard an amazing article on the National Public Radio about this very thing in the election cycle and how more and more groups are looking at what is the message that resonates with you, the voter, and not, it could be like, not your community or your neighborhood, certainly your political affiliation, it's more you personally, you know, that lady that lives here, that gentleman that lives there. And I think this is kind of part of that whole conversation is how do we, you know, it's, what do they say, scratch the itch, right? And I think that is kind of one of those things that we're gonna be seeing. So it's really interesting that you all are getting in on this and I certainly appreciate it because this is a great conversation point to have. Let me give a shout out. So that's on January the 4th, Thursday, January the 4th, connecting better AI's role in personalizing donor experiences. There it is. So go ahead and register now. Good deal. Thank you, Jared. Well, Diana Otero, Product Marketing Manager for Blumerang. We always love, I feel like when we have you on, we get like the inside scoop, like, you know, that like we would have to wait months for, but we get it from you and you kind of like get us to percolate some new thoughts and approaches. And I would say, Jared, she hasn't been wrong, has she? Since we've had her on. No, I know. I just wanna put you in my pocket and keep you for every day. I know. Well, it's like, we could be like, oh, what does Diana think? Just pull her out. I love that. I would totally go for that. I don't know. We lead kooky lives here. And so you might be like, I'm exhausted. Diana Otero, again, check her out at Blumerang.com. They have amazing things that are going on. I said this in the green room and I think it's really important to witness this again. The wonderful thing about Blumerang, and there are many wonderful things, but one of the things that's the most powerful is that they don't just preach about their products. They talk about the sector as a whole and they try to elevate us. And I think they do a good job at elevating us to what is going on, how we can be more professional, how we can be more efficient. Their company is always growing. Diana, you must be seeing new ideas and new products all the time. Oh, it's super exciting. More than we can wrap our heads around sometimes. I'm sure, I'm sure. Thank you. Thank you. The way in this.  I'm Jarrett Ransome, nonprofit nerd. Again, we wanna say thank you to our amazing sponsors that include Blumerang, American nonprofit academy, fundraising academy at National University, nonprofit thought leader, your part-time controller, staffing boutique, nonprofit nerd, nonprofit tech talk. It's a mouthful, but if you can believe it or not, this list is growing in 24. We are so grateful to have the continued support of these amazing sponsors. Diana, thank you. And I don't think we will see you before the new year. So happy new year to you, my friend. And maybe you will get a white Christmas or a white new year day, right? My fingers are crossed for you and for me as well. And as we wrap up today, as we wrap up every day, we want to end all of you with these words, which is to stay well so you can do well. We'll see you soon. Thanks, Diana.


Hi everybody thanks for clicking on this video which is really exciting because it means one thing and one thing only that you are interested in learning a little bit more about cloth diapers. My name is Emma and I live in the UK in London with my three children and husband. I've got a one-year-old, a four-year-old and a six-year-old and as you may have guessed from the title of this video I am very passionate about cloth diapers and I've used them on all three of my children. Currently my one-year-old is wearing them, they have changed my life and I'm hoping that after watching this video you may be interested in making a switch. I first got into cloth diapers when my six-year-old was in my belly and I was pregnant and we were going to pregnancy classes and the teacher started talking about diapers and at the very end shoehorned in a little bit about cloth diapers. Well that was it and I stayed behind for like another half an hour whilst everybody else left to learn more about them and ever since then I've just been going deep on cloth diapers and finding out all the good that they can do versus all the bad that disposable single use diapers are currently doing in our world today. Not that I want to like scare monger anybody with statistics but I think there's a few key things that I want to start off by sharing. So first up in the US alone so just in the US it's estimated that over 27 billion diapers single use diapers are going to landfill every single year. Now that's just one year and that's just the US. In the UK the stats stands at I'm not sure what it is annually but daily we're sending 8 million diapers every day to landfill. You can't even imagine what these numbers are they're just incomprehensibly huge. The other thing I want to share today is that how many years do we think it takes for one diaper to break down once it does make its way to landfill. I mean we don't know because disposable diapers were only really around since the 1950s but it's estimated that a single diaper can take around 500 years to decompose. Now that's a lot of diapers sitting in landfill or if not in landfill on the side of the road up mountains by lakes it's amazing I don't know about you guys but wherever we seem to go I always seem to see a discarded dirty diaper somewhere and it's it's gross and if they're not in landfill and if they're not tearing up our countryside they're being incinerated. The crazy thing is there is another option and that's what I want to talk about today the cloth diaper which are amazingly becoming more accessible more popular and yeah I'm here to tell you a little bit more about them. I'm going to briefly talk now about the three main benefits that I see to using cloth diapers first up we have the environmental benefits environmentally they are wreaking havoc. We've already briefly touched on the huge volume of waste disposable diapers create and that's before even going into the methane and greenhouse gases that they are giving off whilst being in landfill. Disposable diapers are of course partly made of plastic which just makes them basically indestructible. The next benefit I want to talk about is a financial benefit and this is kind of tricky to calculate because it really depends if you're going to go for Walmart's own disposable diapers or the honest company diapers they're wildly different in terms of price but when it comes to cloth diapers you're looking at about 300 dollars for a complete set of cloth diapers that's kind of medium range obviously you can get lots of different types of cloth diapers I'm going to talk about that a little bit in a moment but for a set of cloth diapers you're looking at a couple of hundred dollars the amazing thing about cloth diapers is that they are of course reusable so if you're going to have subsequent children you can then reuse them with those or you can sell them on and reusable diapers have an amazing resale value so once you're done using your lot for your child if you're not going to reuse them within your own family go ahead and pop them on Facebook Marketplace or eBay or Gumtree and make some of that money back there is an amazing second hand cloth diaper market lots of the diapers that I have a second hand that I sourced on Facebook Marketplace before deep diving into the different types of diapers the third and final benefit I want to mention is the health one and what I mean by that is that disposable diapers and this is what makes them so freaking absorbent are full of chemicals and when we put a disposable diaper onto our baby we're putting those chemicals up close and personal with our baby's skin cloth diapers are natural they're made from natural natural materials like hemp or bamboo or cotton that's what we want to be putting up against our baby's skin not plastic chemical filled things okay now that we've run through some of the reasons that I'm such a fan of cloth diapers and some of the reasons that I think you too should make the switch let's quickly talk about the different types of diapers out there as with so many things in modern society today the jargon and vocab and lingo has kind of I think over complicated the whole issue at the end of the day a cloth diaper is two things okay it's something absorbent and something waterproof that's what makes it a diaper there's I think four different types of diapers there's something called an all-in-one which is one piece of material and has the absorbent and the waterproof piece sewn in another type is called a shaped nappy and this is two parts so you have a separate absorbent part and a separate waterproof part and then there's a pocket diaper which is something that you stuff absorbency into the last type of diaper is something called a flat nappy and this is just one piece of material which is absorbent over which you put a waterproof pant when it comes to my diaper washing routine it's really really simple I collect everything into one big bin with a mesh net when the bin is full I take the net as one and I just pop it straight into the washing machine from there I do a quick rinse and then I just pop on a high wash and that's it once they're done I hang them on the line outside depending on the absorbency of the material they might take different times to dry the thing I would say about cloth diapers is that you can wash them by hand and I've tried this but it takes a long time and I'm not fully sure that it really does good enough job so I would say that you do need a washing machine you don't need outside space you can hang them to dry inside it will just encroach on you a little bit when it's winter here in the UK I will always hang them inside and we kind of live around different clothes hangers if you're fortunate to have some outside space that is perfect that's it guys that's a very quick overview of cloth diapers I really hope you consider switching up it's not a case of all or nothing you don't have to completely go from disposable diapers one day and overnight switch to cloth diapers you could just replace one disposable diaper a day with a cloth diaper and you'd still be saving 365 disposable diapers going to landfill every single year so give it a go borrow some from a friend buy one second hand just try it and see how it goes I promise you it's not as complicated as some people will have you think thanks so much for watching this video I hope you enjoyed it and let me know how you get on on your cloth diaper journey


to the board so any other comments from board members are helpful for us to say if I see this it will help me to make this decision whatever you know because I think we have presented many of these things in partial form and at different times so I guess I just really would like the board to be very clear about the outcome you're looking for from whatever we might produce thank you miss Brestra is raising her hand so I just wanted to reiterate what Tom Chalmers said with regard to the elevations I think if you if you change the elevations to reflect what the planning board asked for and whatever changes you wanted to make in windows and doors and things like that that would be that would be excellent that would be really helpful in being able to see what this building is going to look like and then the cross section as we talked about and I will discuss that with miss Loeffler as we are moving forward okay all right I think I am comfortable relying upon staff to get to us what we what is I think the type of information that'd be helpful to make our decisions so why don't we leave it at that and see what you can come up with in the in a short time okay all right any other questions conditions or requests of the applicant we've talked about if not we've talked about the next meeting and the next meeting we'll be dealing with conditions and perhaps waivers and you'll have information from on that earlier in that week before the in the week that we have the so sometime around the fourth of the fifth of October you'll be getting some information on conditions possible conditions Mr. Chair I just want to say it would actually be flipped first the board would it would make sense for the board to review the waiver requests and then that's right we talked about that and I got it turned around we'd want to do the waivers first and then the conditions the last item on the agenda is the well we're going to close the we're going to we're not going to close the hearing we're going to suspend the hearing until our next meeting continue continue the hearing until our next meeting on october 7th um at six o'clock do I have a motion so moved is there a second second this is a roll call vote I vote I Mr. Langsdale I Miss O'Meara I miss parks I Mr. Maxfield I uh motion carries we will reconvene on this subject on october 7th at 6 p.m the last item on the agenda is the opportunity for public comment on any matter that is not the subject of this public hearing um is there anybody who wishes to make a comment on a subject matter that's not the subject of this hearing okay um with that is do I have a motion to adjourn I move to adjourn is there a second second um is there any discussion all right this is a it's a roll call vote I vote I Mr. Langsdale I miss O'Meara I miss parks I Mr. Maxfield I motion carries unanimous um thank you all for your time tonight and we'll see you um on the next meeting Maureen is October 1st right October 1st next Thursday for non 40 b items yep non 40 b items all right thank you very much thanks for your time


This study demonstrated a new method for creating two-dimensional, 2D, non-oflake metal organic framework MOF structures. These structures were then used to improve the performance of supercapacitors and the oxygen reduction reaction OR. The resulting structures had significantly better performance than other similar structures, such as nickel-based MOFs and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIFs. This research suggests that controlling the structure of MOFs could be beneficial for improving the performance of electrochemical devices. This article was authored by Huizong Xia, Jianan Zhang, Jiaoyang, and others.


Major Kurt Bellahovic and the battalion executive officer for 4-2-3 infantry. Handman Garden 22 is a training exercise between the Thailand and United States Army forces. It's been going on for 11 years and a great opportunity for those two armies to continue to work together. This opportunity is for both armies to build their interoperability together. That was done through airborne operations, strike and combine arms, life fires, two life fires, sappers, bilateral air assaults, a wide range of training that built the capabilities of those armies. But further than that, this is the 11th year that we've done it and it builds a continued foundation to increase our partnership and really be able to work better together through shared interoperability. Moving forward is a great relationship building opportunity and we look forward to being able to maybe be a part of Handman Garden again.


Kaboom What's up money geeks mr. V here welcome to another video guys in this video I want us to talk about ticket symbol a pxt a pex technology This is a spark that is actually in the process of taking off point public So I did a video here on the channel where I went in-depth as to what I've point does as a business and Really break down their investor presentation. So if you didn't watch that video, I'm gonna hook it up here So you can watch it but into this video my goal is just to kind of give you guys an opportunity For an entry point into the stock and then look at some price projections That's what I want us to talk about into this video But before we get started guys via note to the channel We took about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build wealth if that's something that interests you Go ahead and hit that subscribe button and your notification bell so you don't miss out on new content So again last November when I did that video telling you about f-point and a pex technology Merging I told you guys like this looks like a great opportunity Again, like I said the company does business with Microsoft projects So all like the migration management and protection of Microsoft 360 and SharePoint data f-point Comes in they have a cloud-based Solution or SAS that really does help our clients do that migration. So it's a mean repeatable company They have partnership with Microsoft. That's relatively good. As you can see here migrate manage and protect So that's physically what they do I want to do is look at the price here If you see right now the stock price is currently sitting at let's go one day So sitting at $15 in 12 cents, we can see it's just be consolidating right there on that $15 price point So if we go out three months, this is prior to the announcement. So the stock was down here about $10 so this was just a spark and then when they announced the merger See it seems to squeeze up all the way to 15 and it ever since that merger back in November I think and I posted my video November 27 or 28 Ever since that merger f-point has just been moving Very slow making this steady move.  So if you follow this trend right now, what this stock has been doing Squeeze up here to like 16 almost a $17 and then pull back to 1462 and then look at now So we are we actually squeeze up back to 16 Now we pull back to 15 I anticipate a squeeze up back to that 16 17 dollar price point and if we're lucky we might test 18 So I'm gonna start picking up a position here again. This is for somebody that doesn't have any position I do have a position in the stock. So for you that you're looking to get in This is a good time for you to start picking that position again Like I've explained to you guys several times that if you want to get into a position If you want to buy a hundred shares, it's never a good idea to just go out there and buy a hundred shares If you want to hold the position a long time unless you were day trading it You can buy a hundred shares and just sell and get out if you're looking to get hold it long term Start averaging your weight into it.  So you buy some When you squeeze down or when the team goes down and then you look if it keeps going down the average your way down That would actually reduce your dollar cost average into the stock, which is a good thing So that's the strategy. I want you guys implement that don't always just go out and buy 500 shares or 1000 shares Just like that Make sure that you take advantage of dips to buy it that way you would average your way into the stock even better So again, this one I am thinking like at this price point if you can get this thing under 15 It's even excellent, but at 15 it'll be a starter. So if you want to buy 200 shares I'll start with 50 or 60 at 15 Just gonna see the movement if I see like it's starting to squeeze back up Then I can I can then load up and then write it up and then take profit But if you see like Santa pull back down and then you add another 50 if it keeps pulling back at another 50 So that if you can get yourself under 15 dollar $15 that would be excellent. So that's what I want you guys to do on this one And this is again, this is not a play that's gonna happen overnight This one you're looking at least a week or two to see some some movement So if we see here when you think pull back down This was the eighth a squeeze back up all the way to the 14 and then pull back down see down to the 27 squeeze back up to the third it's pulling back down now So it's actually pulling back down as soon as we give it continues to pull back down That's where you get in and there we anticipate next week or the next two weeks when Anticipate a squeeze back to the upside till you probably gonna see that 16 17 dollar price point It's gonna test that and again like I said if we if we're lucky in my test 18 So that is my my projection here So let me know in the comment section what you guys think about this again This particular play is ticket symbol a PXT App point to go in public through a spark called apex technology That is again, I've covered the business model here. What this company does in a separate video So let me know again the comment section what you guys think you're new to the channel We took about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build wealth That's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell So you don't miss out on new content also guys if you're looking to get started with investing I highly recommend webo you get some free stocks. I get some free stocks I put the links in the description below and as always guys do your due diligence Don't be a greedy savage and stay motivated