A digital twin, DT, is a virtual representation of a physical object which is connected to its physical counterpart through data exchange. It is used to monitor, plan, optimize, maintain, and remotely access complex industrial systems. DTs have been gaining popularity with the advent of industry 4.0, leading to increased confusion among researchers and practitioners regarding the various types of DTs and their definitions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature to clarify the differences between the various types of DTs and their definitions. Additionally, this paper discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks of using DTs in order to help researchers and practitioners make informed decisions about whether or not to use them. This article was authored by Moultrie Singh, Everett Fuhinmayer, Owen P. Hinchie, and others.


Good morning, everyone. It's a pleasure to be here. I actually live here part of the time, so it's like being at home, except there's no rain today. I don't know what that's about, but I had a lovely ride over the bridge. The commuter traffic for bicycles is improving, but I had a lot of bells ringing behind me all the time. And the look that they give you when they whiz past you, these other riders, I mean, it's unconscionable. It's bad enough that I'm getting superseded by these people, but they give you this kind of disgusting look like, why are you on the road? There's a sidewalk over there.  It's getting kind of competitive. But it's still a pleasure to be back here. You'll notice that behind me, I don't know if you can see the first slide, there will be no slides. I know this group, and I've done this before, and prepared slides, and just had everyone looking at their laptops. So rather than me do a show for you, just work on your own show. Look at the show beside you, those of you who didn't bring your laptops. And I'll try to give you enough references. In fact, yes. Why don't you do that? Some of you can kind of, those of you who aren't twittering this presentation, the rest of you can kind of call up some of the sites and locations and references that I make so that you can do the visuals for the locals around you. And we can crowdsource the PowerPoint presentation and then publish it afterwards and do a Creative Commons license on it, and we'll just be fine. I want to explain to you today a few things, and I want to try to bring you up to date because it's very hard to stay up to date in this whole area of open education, open source, open access, open data. And the truth is that I'm working on another project. I just started to tell John Hilton for a moment here. I'm working on a project on monasteries, and I just said the whole energy which just went down. Medieval monasteries and the origins of intellectual property. But I keep getting interrupted. I keep being disturbed by new developments, by court decisions. Really rock-shaking, earth-shattering court decisions from Canada and the United States. I keep seeing the ground under my feet around intellectual property changing in such exciting ways that I have to put down my quill pen, set aside my vellum, ask my illuminators to hold off for a short period of time, while I set the monastic project aside. But I do want to establish at some point the origins of this whole concept. Why in the world would we expect education to be open? We take it for granted, not the rest of the world does not. And so I think it's important for us to think about these assumptions. But I'm not going to do that now. I think we also have to stay on top of things. And I want to speak in terms of beyond open content or beyond the open content theme around the sense of we're open for what? And in particular around this theme of intellectual property. Because I don't technically work in open education. My classes are closed. I don't broadcast them. I'm not a mooker yet, at this point at least. And I work in the small confines of seminar rooms and lecture theaters like this. But I'm on the other side and I've kind of missed the boat a bit. I hope I don't sound too resentful in terms of all the sensational attention that's being paid now to open education. Your ship has come in. Not just at 430, but I mean really. You better return to that Bob Dylan song when your ship comes in and the words they use for it to get you confused. Remember that song? That ship has come in. I'm on the other side. I'm on the access to knowledge. I'm on the public library side. If you're on the open school side, my work has been on the library side. On the public library. Because when I was a kid and I was walking to school in Brantford, Ontario in St. Catherine's, Ontario, St. Marie, Ontario. We were the little transient as a family. When I was walking to school and I had to go past the public library, it was very, very tempting. I don't know about the rest of you. If you had a choice between heading to school and heading to the public library, the school. Yes, I can see you all saying that. I can read your lips. Oh man, nine o'clock. Yes, I'm there. But some of us would look forward to that library opportunity. When we were in school, we'd say, oh, I think there's a really important book in the library. And when I was a teacher in the school, any excuse to take the students to the library. And so on the library side of this open question, I've been working on what's called open access. It's not the best term in the world, but it kind of comes out of the open source movement. And in fact, the project I've been working on, the public knowledge project located at Simon Fraser University, the public knowledge project is on the side of that public library. And has been concerned with what we can do to make the research and scholarship of the university, my primary responsibility, available. Available to open education, available to public libraries, and available to the world. And we have been quietly working, not that quietly, since I knew Paul at least, shortly after the telelearning project, for a decade or so, minding our own business, each year a few more journals are sharing their research and literature, each year a few more professors are making sure that their papers, the work they've done in their communities, or on their research subject, is available freely. And then, man, did we get scooped last year, when a couple of professors at Stanford launched an open course, and it attracted 150,000 students. This is a university that has been debating for years whether to add a hundred more undergraduate students. It just picked up 150,000 students. I'm still kind of stunned, the professor, Sebastian, Thrun Sebastian now. Yeah. He quit, he resigned from the university at the end of the course. I think that's... I don't know what to think, actually. Like, I just taught so well, I just have to stop. You know? I think that's just like, what more can I do? I've got to start something else. And he started Udacity. A couple other of my colleagues, I'm going to start with the ballot. No, that's a Canadian author. Daphne... Cold. Good, thank you. I've started Coursera, a platform. It started in January. They now have $16 million of venture capital behind this project. We don't know exactly what's happening here. I have to tell you one thing, though. I wear this tie now at Stanford. I didn't wear a tie at UBC. I can tell that I'm not a venture capitalist. I don't want people coming up to me and asking. I don't wear a t-shirt or a hoodie, as you can imagine why. So let me talk to you a bit about this open access movement, because I want to tie it very directly to your responsibilities, to your interest in open education. I want to try once again to bring the two things together. And I want to conclude with a killer app that I came up with this morning that's going to make us all richer beyond our wildest dreams for bringing the two together. My work is involving open-source software, bringing open-source software to open access. We create platforms that are freely distributed for publishing journals and now publishing books, monographs, and scholarly editions that we hope will be made freely available for students, for members of public libraries, and in general. We hope, because one of the first lessons I learned, again, not resentfully, but a little bit of chagrin, one of the first lessons I learned with open-source software, you already know all of this, is you can't dictate the terms under which it is used. You cannot take your shoe off and pound the table and say, everything that uses this software will be made free. It was a hard lesson to learn. It was around the corner from here in the Publishing Studies Center for the Study of Publishing Studies at SFU. But we have now over 14,000 installations of our software, and we have done surveys and close to 90% of the journals that use our software make their research free. And half of those journals are in developing countries. And so what it has done, is it has made my name immodestly, forgive me. It's not part of my monastic background. Pride and vanity, two of the great sins. I want to boast that it changes the balance. It changes the dynamics of a global knowledge exchange when there may be six, seven, 8,000 journals in the developing world sharing their work in a way that Google Scholar picks up on medicine. I want to suggest through this talk ways in which we can work together to increase that global knowledge exchange to see how the dynamics by which we share knowledge can be changed. And when I say open for what, I'm hoping that open education will be open for more than the learning of the individual students who are enrolled. I want to encourage a sensibility that says learning is a service to others and that the best learning, the most fulfilling learning is the learning that you communicate to others and see in their eyes that it has been shared as I'm doing right now except for those of you who are twittering this part of the talk. So what this has led to is a whole community of Scholar and student publishers who have turned their back to research corporate entities that control scholarly publishing and have taken the journals and I hope soon the books back into their own hands. And what they have done is they have created a community a do-it-yourself publishing enterprise based on small journals distributed across a wide variety of fields in ways that increase academic freedom because they can start new topics new fields of research in time even less than that and so this sense then in which knowledge is being produced within the academy already needs to become part of the open education framework and that if I had any criticism of online learning is its insularity and self-containedness and the MOOCs are the worst examples so I'll come to that in a few moments our partners in this operation should be no surprise our principal partners are the libraries of this world have I got librarians in the audience yes I'm in love with librarians what can I say the lady of the library so if we are going to forge this partnership if we are going to take advantage and let me just say for a moment that libraries have been with us at every step of the way these independent scholar-student journals libraries are places we can turn to share our knowledge including the knowledge produced by our students in open education courses and so if learning is going to be a service for others if our students are going to begin to see the value of their learning in what it does for others we need a place to host we need a place that will preserve we need a place that will help us think about the organization and indexing and guess who the best people on earth are for that it starts with L and ends with Ibrarian I used to teach school never so well behaved open access today so what is the state of open access I've been working on open access the experiment itself is from 2001 but I started in 1998 when I found I was really embarrassed we tried to do a thing with the Vancouver Sun the Vancouver Sun ran a series of articles and we were going to put the research behind those articles in 1998 it was a great experiment John Crookshank was the editor at the time David Radler was the owner is he out now at any rate it was a wonderful experiment but we were totally embarrassed we were shame-facedly confronted by the fact that the newspaper was willing to run articles on computers and schools and we couldn't present we couldn't share the research behind that we could share the abstracts only and I had no idea I had been working as a professor at that point probably for a decade or so and it just had never occurred to me that we couldn't we weren't allowed to share that kind of turned me at that point said I've got to clean up my own backyard I've got a real problem here in terms of my responsibility so how far have I come in all that time 21% of all the literature all the research and scholarship published some of you are shaking your heads are you kidding 12, 14 years and you're saying 21% of the literature is freely available you couldn't do any better than that that's what my mother says 21% of the literature is available no matter where it's published someone is taking an article that they published and they're posting it online legally with the permission of the publisher as long as it's the final draft not yet copy edited or badly laid out without any margins and hard to read long line lengths and so the responsibility actually isn't the publishers Elsevier and Springer and Taylor and Francis and those huge forces that run scholarly publishing have given permission to faculty members to put up their final draft some of them with kind of embargo periods but we haven't taken advantage of it in Canada there has been action taken the CIHR the Canadian Institutes of Health Research now has a requirement a legal requirement if you accept money to do research in health not in education but in health within six months you need to make your publication freely available in PubMed Canada we're still only at 20% of the literature in the United States National Institutes of Health has a similar law in place in fact it preceded the CIHR and we still only have 21% of the literature but it is going up every year a second phenomenon that we need to take account in terms of thinking about where is the state of access to this knowledge is the mega journal there is a new phenomena afoot the mega journal the mega journal crossing the state Big Whale Leviathan Big Whale the mega journal is the first new concept the mega journal publishing I would say in the digital age the brilliant idea behind the mega journal is how much more does it cost to publish an extra article in terms of production costs almost nothing in terms of print limitations in terms of the traditional postage and mailing and wrapping so we have now a journal called PLOS 1 the public library of science 1 that will publish will have 14,000 articles can you see how this is a new idea in print this wouldn't work you know the PLOS 1 just arrived today it's in the driveway bring the front end loader around we'll get it in the house 14,000 articles but what's more serious about it than just the overwhelming size is their peer reviewed this is going to be my first public announcement of this I have been rejected by PLOS 1 not just me alone but I won't name the other co-conspirators of course it was just a test to see if they were really doing peer review and they really are doing peer review we got really good reviews back and the editor said no so we have the 14,000 and one best article this year but it was still more than one too many so this is a new concept that passes peer review can be published almost immediately that research is not something that needs to compete for the top journal and then for the next journal until it finally finds a home as my journals typically do among the carp at the bottom that we have a concept in which the circulation of knowledge is something that is not about gate keeping in terms of that hierarchy but has a minimal minimal competency has a contribution to make that readers, the public these are all open access articles and it's catching on nature is running a mega journal the Royal Society of London is running now it's unbellum but it's still a mega journal no, a great tribute because the Royal Society was the first publisher of journals in 1662 so it's kind of nice to see them coming around authors are paying fees for this so it's $1350 to publish in the PLOS 1 and I was willing to pay I sent them a one of those check I took a photograph of my check and I sent it along to kind of encourage the reviewers we still got rejected they wanted to see the back of the check whether it had been endorsed or not there are new economics coming into place that authors should pay and many people are upset about this but I like the idea I think it needs to be scaled some publishers Wiley Blackwell, so well named Wiley Blackwell, Springer and Elsevier are all charging $3,000 article processing fees ridiculous amounts but the principle is important they shouldn't be owning the intellectual property and so we're seeing changes of foot in the way that knowledge is circulating and I think there is no more important responsibility in educating people for today's world than introducing the concept of intellectual property introducing them to the principles of intellectual property by which you live as content creators as teachers and educators and the principles of intellectual property by which they are receiving and paying for materials and intellectual property principles by which their children are ripping and burning their cultural content because this economy is driven by intellectual property because we are in an intellectual property age and we're not teaching about it not in our elementary schools where students are sharing files not in our high schools creating their own videos circulating them and not in our universities and we are sending our students defenseless or criminally equipped into a world and we have done that in a way that seems to me irresponsibly and so I want to consider how we can make greater connections around this and one of the ways we can think about that in terms of intellectual property is at the data level let me deal with the open data for a moment I talked about open source software and I talked a bit about open access you represent open education open data is another piece of this puzzle open data is potentially the most exciting in terms of the principles of science the philosophy of science open data refers to the concept, the very basic principle of the replication of research unless you're open with your data how can you begin to replicate how can you begin to test and have others test the work that you've done the very famous experiment Isaac Newton published only one in his life and I repeat that often perhaps too often but it's a point of pride because I've got Newton beat on that measure I think some of you probably do as well he only published one article and he was driven somewhat crazy given his temperament by the number of letters inquiring about how he conducted this is very famous with the prism and he cut a little slit in the blind and he had the light come through and it refracts and it breaks up into colors and he established that white light is made up of multiple colors do you know that experiment? you've probably done that many times in your own home your children have perhaps and so people kept writing in I've sliced every blind in my house I've taken apart the chandelier that's not working for me I've been kicked out of my own home already and so Newton very reluctantly provided the data provided some precision this is in about 1672 when the Royal Society had probably there was one in France Journal de savant but there was only two journals at that time so Newton was kind of confined in terms of his choices where to publish so this idea of sharing the data I don't know about examples but I want you to think in this context that if open data is the way forward how can our students begin to participate in that I want to come to a conclusion that challenges you to think about your students to think about the students involved in open education contributing to open data because the important thing about access to research and to scholarship and to data expectations of the public we will open as it is expected we will meet the challenge of sharing what we know as the public expects it and until we can raise those expectations we will be fighting as I have been as many of us have been an uphill battle 21% is a reflection of the public's expectations 50% of the research and scholarship being made freely available until the public expects more so let me give you a couple of examples in terms of open data the genome project is the best example GenBank so all of the work in genetics that is published today all of that data is made available in a federally funded library database called GenBank and the journals have got together all of the journals that publish genetic research from the very famous New England Journal of Medicine to the very tiny obscure genetics today which I just made up very obscure part all of them have a requirement they will not publish the article unless the data is shared and that took huge maneuvering by the National Library of Medicine huge conspiring huge resistance from the biologists to be fair to share the data but it has now become the norm and it is the only slightly qualified it is one of the few fields in which the sharing of the data is required for publication and again, the idea that federally financed data the idea that we have to create fresh data for every experiment think about the public expense of that of always having to create fresh data and never having that data re-analyzed and all of the cloning and other kinds of scandals in terms of biomedical research that have come about because the data wasn't available and somebody only discovered that the data had been falsified by very careful examination of the figures and tables and calculations that have been made one of the breakthroughs that happened at UBC a few weeks ago in terms of sharing data is the university's institutional review board for research granted permission to Mary Bryson in a project on cancer research to share her videos of subjects online so we think of genetics as kind of harmless in terms of anonymity of the individual and in terms of privacy and all of those things but Mary Bryson argued vociferously, if you know Mary Mary argued vociferously that what these people what these cancer patients were sharing with her had tremendous value for the public and that these patients were willing in fact committed to sharing the knowledge they had acquired through this process and that that right of the participant of the research subject to share what they know in a video, in a direct voice as it were and personality and individual important element and the review board's standard position was absolutely are you kidding not because of the privacy but at some point they realize that the social value they realize that the public good that would be done by this research by sharing this data so the open data is full of complexities the open data movement is full of concerns about database structure about how do you reuse that data, how do you classify how do you establish that it is somehow susceptible to reanalysis all of those technical issues how do you label fields all of the ethical issues but we need to begin to think about this we need to begin to raise our expectations and if we have our students beginning to generate data in their communities for the value of that community if we begin to talk to them about the intellectual property that is rooted in public funding that they are in a position to slap a Creative Commons license on and begin to share then we've made a huge step forward in terms of this concept of openness and education and openness and research all of the other areas of openness I want to share one more example from last week's newspaper I told you things are breaking I want to get to the court cases but this is from it's like this right have you seen one of these familiar with this let me give you the goes like this and here I didn't charge it sorry oh wait no I have connectivity so this is a Glaxo this is the Pharmaceuticals the Pharmaceuticals are kind of the bad boys and many of these data questions but Glaxo has decided that it will start opening its data on its clinical trials I don't know if you know the story about clinical trials and Pharmaceuticals good results, publish it bad results what study what are you talking about so Glaxo here's the paragraph Glaxo is taking the step of sharing its data after experimenting with disclosure for treatments for tropical diseases like malaria and finding those efforts to share that data successful according to company officials they found that sharing the data on malaria was successful the company official said I frankly don't know what that means does that mean the sales went up because they shared the data what does it mean to be successful in sharing the data what it should mean is that other people were able to develop generic drugs at a tenth of the cost for people who suffer from malaria who could not afford Glaxo's drugs in the very best of circumstances but that Glaxo has found a way this by the way is in light of a suit against them for I mean we can put terrible spin on and I should be fair because some of you may own stock and certainly your pension probably owns stock in Glaxo probably mine does but this concept is just beginning to take hold and this idea that the public has yet to that Glaxo should be leading and the public should be following is misdirected to my mind that we should be the ones and our students should be the ones that are saying unless you have some very good reason that more people shouldn't know about how to treat malaria we want to know why that data isn't available we want to know why you would want to hide that data and we are very curious about what was successful about your sharing of data let me deal with the courts let me deal with what's most exciting and most recent in August and last week there have been two very very important court decisions actually let me bring in three very important court decisions on the side of educators on the question of fair dealing Paul was very kind to announce that the fair dealing talk this afternoon was cancelled that was a setup for my talk about fair dealing they thought he would build anticipation and I thought I could just step into the breach and talk a bit about it because fair dealing has changed in Canada fair dealing is now far more on the side of educators fair dealing is something that we want again the public our students to know about but we want to take advantage of so Judge Arbella in the summer on the province of Alberta against access copyright won a case and what was most important in that case was how it redefined the classroom how it redefined the relationship between the teacher and the student fair dealing in Canada and fair use in the United States fair dealing in Canada has at its very core a sense of respect for education, for learning education is kind of in the question mark let me call it learning fair dealing in Canada says private study is exempt from the traditional regime of copyright what does that mean? it means if you go into a public library here I am again if you go into the public library the librarian has no problem copying an article for you you have no problem copying an article for private study and so the government in its wisdom said that value of you learning is such that we can suspend this law this monopoly has been granted to the publisher and to the author and we can suspend that for at least the time it takes for that individual to learn because that individual's learning will contribute to the good of society at least equal to the publisher and the author and so that respect was always fundamental to fair dealing and fair use private study but it caused a problem for the classroom because the classroom was kind of debatable about private study when I taught school and the principal walked by my classroom there was no mistake in his mind that it was private study going on there because he would tell me it's way too noisy in that classroom for anyone to think let alone engage in private study now he wasn't concerned about intellectual property or copyright or anything like that he had other issues but the important principal was is the classroom a place of private study and Judge Arbello this summer said yes that the student's engagement with the work even if a teacher is standing at the front of the room or a guide on the side sorry did I say front of the room excuse me so last year a guide on the side that the student is engaged in a form of individual or private study and that was a radical that had never been declared that shifted everything that meant that the classroom all of a sudden was under the cone of protection of learning in terms of intellectual property that we could begin to think about now it's more complicated in that but it was at least the starting step to say that what the teacher and the student are engaged in is ultimately an individual and private act of learning and so the importance of that was established now there are technicalities that should prevent you from running out and photocopying everything you can and sharing it in your classroom and part of those technicalities had to do with the amount that was copied and part of the technicalities had to do with the availability of replacing those photocopies with the actual text themselves the publishers access copyright representing the publishers the publishers said that every time a teacher copies a small excerpt the school should buy the textbook that it came from and the judge thought well that was kind of ridiculous and I think it is too given the school's budgets but the school had bought textbooks and so the judge's decision was that in fact they had already participated and shown good faith and bought the original textbook and these were only supplements but the basic decision was so fundamental the judge also threw out the supreme court also threw out excuse me the supreme court also threw out the publishers concerned that this photocopying that was doing these are supplementary excerpts that help the students learning in addition to the textbook that they have the publishers said this was hurting textbook sales textbook sales were textbook sales were going down were declining and they blamed the teachers for exerping additional materials which is so anti-educational just gives me the willies that teachers were violating some law when they were finding additional materials to help the students learning the judge threw it out the judge said there's no proof there and underneath that I kind of felt yes textbook sales are declining because teachers are using a much wider variety of materials today because teachers have the entire world of resources with each internet drop as we used to say in the schools but now with wifi and that students are facing a much broader world of learning than is contained and packaged in the textbook let me give you a couple other court decisions that bear on this actually the new copyright bill is let me finish the Canadian section so Canada has a new copyright bill and in that copyright bill under fair dealing education is now stated explicitly previously there was reference to learning private study educational purpose was referred to but education as a domain was not and so now we have within fair dealing yet to be defined still very vaguely established and I need to give you the exception on this we now have education as grounds for an argument but unfortunately one of the other grounds against fair dealing is an established business practice and that is if there is an existing or established business practice take the textbook industry then photocopying in a way that would defeat the sales it could be established directly in which the school had no textbooks is not a non-starter so we still have the business industry if you like the publishing industry still has that trump card and all due respect our goal here is not to put the publishing industry out of business our goal here is to be equal players at the table our goal here is to put learning first and to see the publishing industry as a service so in terms of this fair dealing what we're seeing is an equalization is a recognition of the contribution of learning is a sense of participation an access copyright and again I receive a check from access copyright well into at least twice three figures I've been a professor for 20 years I don't think that's undeserved but I'm ready to give that back because the idea that my research needs to be remunerated after my salary and after the glory of presenting it to groups like this after all of the rewards and the perks it seems to me silly and that students are being asked to pay and now institutions are being asked to pay and I hope you've been following that Simon Fraser University first University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University have said no to access copyright in terms of the agreement to cover photocopying for students and part of the reason for them saying no is that everything is up in the air right now part of the reason for saying no is they will not pay a fixed because as we did a study in fact 40% of the course readers are freely available in the library 40% of the materials that students were being asked to pay 17 cents a page for 40% of those materials could be found in the library and the important element there is they were losing the skills of finding things in the libraries by turning through the course reader and the students said to us I like the course reader each paper in the order of the class and we thought okay that's good they are able to count they can follow, they have great skills this is good, the educational argument here is overwhelming in favor of course readers so we want to think again about how intellectual property is being treated what are the opportunities to introduce the intellectual property issues to our students why can't we talk to them about the cost for course readers or e-readers or e-reserves against notions of finding that 21% of the literature that's free the resources that are in their libraries let me take one more aspect in terms of the two court cases in the states I should very briefly just last week the Hathiattrust at the University of Michigan won a ruling against the authors guild the authors guild sued Hathiattrust at Michigan has all of the texts that Google has scanned and was making them available for visually impaired people and was making them available as an index that you could search but could not see any of the texts but you could tell how many times John Locke was available in a particular text and they were sued and they won the case and again the judge said that this fell within fair use that the making it available for the visually impaired was a transformative use and again these are very technical and not well decided terms at Georgia State the courts decided in favor of the university's use of e-reserves they were sued by Cambridge and Oxford and by the copyright clearing house and that case was kind of a joke in a way because when the judge asked to see proof that the publishers actually owned the material in about 80% of the cases the publishers couldn't find the documents that established the author had turned over copyright so that's kind of a farcical one but the judges also recognized that the educational setting was a firm ground for a case to be made and that the publishers had not done enough and this is a kind of scary aspect had not done enough to create an alternative business model that is they had not made it easy to get permissions and so I know the publishers are going to respond by having a credit card setup that's very easily to get permissions and the copyright clearing house and the United States does do a fairly good job of that so we have the courts beginning to consider these issues and the courts will respond to public expectations not immediately and not always accurately but again it speaks to this need let me close with a section on needs and opportunities let me start with this question of what can we be open to what it is we need to do I have been stressing all along the first thing we need to do is raise expectations among ourselves and among our students and among the public for intellectual property rights we need to raise expectations that learning is a different kind of enterprise than publishing software with Google or that running an advertising site sorry publishing software like Microsoft running an advertising site like Google and we need to inform people about their rights as creators, our students and our intellectual property creators maybe that's the most important thing you could do is have students recognize that they are intellectual property creators and that they have a right to put a license a Creative Commons license on their work and set that within the context of sharing their learning as a service to others and the examples I would give the examples that seem to me to lead the way but are far too complicated are Galaxy Zoo are you familiar with Galaxy Zoo? 200,000 people are identifying different galaxies the shapes, the form of these galaxies, this data set this is a massive, massive astronomically large I just thought of that pun right now astronomically large data set 200,000 people are taking a few moments every day and matching the types they've even discovered a new type one that now has a new name called Green Pea or something very similar to that because the galaxy structure was quite different than any that anyone had identified before among the astronomers, no less Foldit is a different kind of game Foldit is an educational game where you fold proteins that part of the work in terms of genetics is an understanding of how proteins fold and how they can be treated around their molecular structure and so they have a regain structure where you get points for correctly folding the proteins, now they had a machine analysis for this, they had algorithms that would do it through computer through computational processes and they found that humans were better and so they encouraged people to do it and you start with platypus venom this is the first protein that you start as a beginner you to fold and I think to me that would be like introduce a class of biology class that would be folding the proteins of platypus venom and the students would be like can I take it home can I use it on my sister all these sort of things that they might come up with but this sense then that that protein folding is an important contribution to biomedical research because you can, part of the treatments based on the structure and all these things and the folding is quite complicated with many parameters and factors is another element, but those are very difficult to develop and Washington has a center now devoted to developing games where people contribute I think in terms of the killer apps, this is the big part this is the payoff part of the, let me introduce a few ways that each of us can make a contribution, they don't need to be open source your contributions, I'm hoping they will be but again you could be a great donor to open source if you were to monitorize your particular app the first one is we need very simple kinds of applications for learning where we apply our lessons to our communities if it's a statistics course if it's a public health course, if it's an education course we need to develop a not a formula but a way in which teachers can readily see and share the projects of our students so they conduct some form of educational application for their community, where are the public libraries in our communities well there's a website for that but there may be resources in those libraries that your students could make more publicly available there may be elements in terms of meetings or events that they could help communicate, help the library communicate in terms of a media course or communications course that they can look for services that their learning and skills can provide to the community and what we need for that for educators for teachers is we need a structure for that, we need to be able to share and bring together to classify to host that knowledge so it provides an organized form so that each student can see from the previous student, oh man is that all they did they thought that was helpful I'll show them helpful and they can build on those applications in that way so ways in which the learning that our students are engaged in, in open education remains open and is something that others can profit from even if they're not signed up there's a line between that choice that I made as a child to go to school, let's be honest to go to school instead of going to the public library is no longer a line, a divide that the learning that I was doing in school is very much a part of, contributes to constitutes the public library of my community the public knowledge of my community now let me take it one step further in terms of killer apps here the MOOC problem the thing about the MOOC, I know I was in a meeting even yesterday it was coming up the thing about the MOOC is this insularity what I mean by that is the professor is doing videos the talking head some of them are very animated but that's an effect they add afterwards one professor Devlin who's teaching a math one I forgot his first, maybe Richard Devlin is teaching a math one and what's most amazing and most educational about this is not that the students so he has 40,000 students he's losing a few thousand students a week I love that, he's not even worried if I lost a few thousand students a week I'd be really worried I'd be like phoning, but he's not worried about that part, but what is interesting is that the students are going on and doing the assignments getting 100% and he's got kind of a nice distribution but he's finding that there's a whole group of students who are criticizing the assignments who are coming on and engaging in this critique of the design of the assignments that was the only time I said yes that is a powerful form of education and he's now taken to doing 3 or 4 or 5 minute videos each week not defensive but explaining in more detail as Newton did in 1672 why his assignments were well designed so that kind of engagement is interesting still all that insularity the students do not pick up a text from anywhere else it's all within the course there aren't even windows to see the other world of knowledge outside the course how can we build an app that will bring that 21% of the literature that is free into engagement how do we begin to connect open education to a larger world of knowledge that I and many other people are working so darn hard to make available to you how do we begin to bring that together the first step would be Google Scholar now you may say in many do Google Scholar is not the library it's a business but Google Scholar has been working hard with us and other organizations to level the playing field so that those journals in developing countries are on the same page not at the same level but on the same page when it comes to malaria as the New England Journal of Medicine which publishes very few articles on malaria and so this idea of how we bring Google Scholar into the world of open education how we help students identify do you know how to identify are you calling up Google Scholar right now get Google Scholar up on those screens right now does that young woman have Google Scholar could you check over back to back you got Google put in Google Scholar put in anything you're interested in and see if you can identify which are the open access articles because we need a way to do that and then we need a way of helping other students see which articles are best for their field we need a way of rating and ranking those articles we need to have our students engaged in the selection and determination of learning and coming together to appreciate and analyze those research articles because 21% of those articles it's more that 21% was 2009 what am I talking about 23.5% of those articles are freely available are you able to are people able to see which ones are freely available beside the title it says umc.ca.edu.pdf you see the little tag on the right hand side with PDF at the end of it .pdf that's probably freely available but Google is playing many sides of the game and it has to respect the publisher's copy so it's not saying here's the free copy but we could we could build scripts that would identify the free copy we could begin to build a way for students to rank and rate the relevance the keywords that would help them find and identify the readings for that week and then we could ask the students what have they found and what do they think is valuable they could vote up the readings they felt were valuable and you would have a whole series of readings that were crowd sourced and assessed and peer reviewed because everybody in your class is a peer and they could peer review those their relevance and what they learned from them the parts of the readings that were really important I don't know how many times students have told me I didn't need to read the whole thing well you too and I kind of embarrassed about that 400 page book and you're like oh sorry the idea that students could begin to provide their own annotation and commentary their own critique and to build that body of knowledge that we would keep closed and confined and are like no no no that we would open and share for other students because the courses you're teaching are involved in creating are courses that are taught in many many different locations and that would build an expectation and an awareness that when our students graduated from our courses what would they know they would know exactly where the entire world of publicly available knowledge is and their expectations for that knowledge especially if you play on the 23.5 and announce to them when it reaches 25% fully one quarter of all the literature freely available which will be in 17 months they will begin to have those expectations and so when the federal government says well we're making we're requiring in Canada that all of the health research is freely available and they would say well does that mean that education doesn't my education of the education of my children doesn't matter that the legal system isn't worth considering critically that the social welfare system that the support for the culture and arts in this country Stephen Harper isn't worth considering in terms of the research that's been done on it we can begin raising those expectations so if anyone in the audience is willing to take the challenge is willing to start to think through this killer app that is so missing from the MOOCs that I mentioned the 16 million dollars that Coursera has available now remember I'm wearing a tie I'm not a venture capitalist I'm not wearing a hoodie I don't start companies but I am willing to talk to you I am willing to work with you I am willing to think through what it would take to bring open education in a way that opens it open to what of the knowledge in the world thank you very much


We got a fight behind the plate. I think McMaster is in a punching battle here with Camozola and McMaster with a few over the top. Camozola got him back with one and they grapple each other down to the ice. And I guess that goes back to the hit McMaster through the last shift. Well, there was a heavy hit or fairly heavy hit by McMaster on this shift as well. So I think they realize, alright, this guy is stable with people last night. He's got a couple of nights. Pants and McMaster, 6-6-2-10. The blue line save made. Rebound and they score. Hold inside by the ice. McMaster, slap shot Pants save. Rebound's there. Flip to the McMaster. Here comes Billy Peach. He shoots, he scores. By Wilson, didn't have a clean opportunity as it blows in the crease. Still loose. That catch shot scored. Hold in by Sherman. Locked in the front back at a tip. Kicked out if they score. Replayed it off to Jake and Small and inside the Luz Jonzone. Long shot, they score. The drive from the line with the screen in front.


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The following is a presentation of TFNN. Power Trading Hour with your host, David White. Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, David White. And welcome all to another exciting addition to the power trading hour with me, humble, humble, humble. Just got to take, sometimes you got to take a deep breath. Lovable, inscrisibly soft host. As always, we like to come to you at this time. The following takes place between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. As we start the show, we're off 17. And a little, almost 18 points on the S&P cash. Dow is off 194. The Nasdaq's off 40. And the Russell's down 10. When we look at some of the other stuff like crude off 27 cents, gold up 6 bucks. Silver up, down a penny. So we look at that. Then we go to the dollar index. Take a quick look at, not much movement there. 96.62 is the last take I show on there. And of course we've had very light volume. The last couple of days. So it didn't look like we had much on the way up. Well, we don't have much on the way down either. Just 3.6 billion shares on the CBOE US market volume summary. So again, no volume up, no volume down. Few buyers higher, few sellers lower. There just isn't a lot to hang your hat on in this market. Other than, is that it? There it is. I wanted to update. Yeah, down 18. So I want to make sure about that. Look at it a handful of other things as we start the show. And again, a lot of pressure on a handful of stocks. But Boeing's still kind of hanging in there at the support level. 368 although there's a lot of news on that one. So we've got a lot of charts to look at. We're going to see how these stocks that couldn't go higher yesterday are going probably lower today. I've got a full list of them. Why don't we do a little history? Then we'll get to those charts fairly early on. You can always give me a call at<PHONE_NUMBER>. And yeah, let's do some history. And it's the history repeating. On this day in 1865 in Atomox, a courthouse of Virginia, Appomattox, yeah, Appomattox. Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders 28,000 troops to the Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the American Civil War forced to abandon the Confederate capital of Richmond. Block from joining his surviving Confederate force in North Carolina and harassed constantly by your Union cavalry. Lee had no other option but to surrender and end the war between the states. A one that probably the most misnamed war in the world as a civil war. Civil wars seem to be very un-simile. So I don't know about that. I always think whether or not it could happen again.  You never know. Anyway, on this day in 1965, things could always be worse. Like I like to say. Okay, we're going to get to charts. Apple probably one of the more interesting stocks. And of course, this thing came down and left a lot of gaps. When we look at this, let me move this around so I can see stuff. When we look at the gaps, we are right to it today on Apple. This is about five or six of them on the way down. Let's go back and look at those. Zoom in. First gap down came on November 2nd. That was a huge one. That's about 10 bucks on that one. You gap down the next day, but you filled that gap on the 5th of November. Came back up to the 8th of November. Gapped down the next day on the 9th. The 9th gap down over the weekend to the 12th. And now you've got all those gaps all set back up. But we're back into that line of gaps. Now the one on the 12th is the one we're going into right now, which came down on 51 million shares up today or actually pierced and filled half that gap, which I'm always a big fan of either selling in. If you're playing the bounce, selling half the gap or shorting it there. I don't know if I'm a big fan of shorting Apple. I think there are a lot weaker stocks out there, but 51 million shares to today's so far, 24 million shares. So figure we extrapolate that out about 32, maybe 35 million shares by the end of the day on Apple. So it's going to come up pretty light for those people who are busy buying at the highs and kissing the ground for the opportunity to sell back at those highs once again. So what else do we have? Okay, ADI analog devices. We were looking at some of those SMHs that are a little weak. Analog devices was certainly weak yesterday, needed about five and a half million shares for that March 21st high. That was at 11112. Got 4.6 million shares on that. Yesterday got into it with just 2.2 million shares. Today, again, no volume up, no volume down, just 840,000 so far. So we don't have enough to break on the upside. But again, most of these moves off the March 28th low had some fairly significantly lighter volume up to these highs. So lighter volume on the last leg up, lighter volume up there. This may just be one of these markets that rolls very, very slowly off that right shoulder. But we're going to have to see a lot more action before we see the rest. Okay, American International Group. When we look at this one, it's been hitting highs 8.7 million shares on February 13th at 44.58. Got into 44.74 on February 26th with 10 million shares. Got into it two days ago with 4 million shares. Yesterday with 2.2 million shares. Today, 1.6 million shares. So may have a little bit more volume than yesterday, but not a great deal. We talked about Akamai 2. Let's go back out here and look at this. Oh, try that again. I'm Mr. Akamai. Okay, umbrella maybe? Okay, we'll be back in a minute. The Taz Profile Scanner is the most revolutionary piece of trading software that you will ever try. Wouldn't you like to approach the markets with confidence? As you begin your trading day, it's likely that you'll be faced with lots of decisions. In order to make the best decision, the first thing you'll need is a strategy that will help you minimize your risks. 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Hear all of the TFNN shows, plus see all of the charts as they happen live and have access to archives of all of those charts. You can test drive the Tigers Den absolutely free for 30 days and greatly enrich your knowledge of these markets and how to make your money work for you. Details on the Tigers Den are on the front page of TFNN.com. TFNN has launched our brand new website. You can still visit us at the same TFNN.com URL, but when you do, you'll see a new and improved homepage with a much simpler navigation, whether you're watching Tiger TV live in high definition or just accessing your newsletter subscriptions. We even have new pricing in six months and yearly options. Check out the new TFNN.com now and experience all the upgrades. TFNN.com educating investors. Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Although I'm trying to eat because I had a lot of stuff going on today. Anyway, we were talking about Apple. I wanted to look at some of these other ones. We looked at Akamai and another day with very light volume October 31st $73.99 4 million shares. I got into that yesterday with 582,000 shares and up today a little bit on 422,000 shares. So very, very light. Ambrilla would look at that certainly lighter also. You have this big gap down from June 6th of 2018. It came down with about 11 million shares. Last few days 440,000 shares, 272,000 shares. Yesterday 225,000 shares today, 107,000 shares and a doji. So very, very quiet action. As I said, I haven't seen enough to tell everybody to go short. But at the same time, certainly doesn't look like we're going higher and not a real clue to going lower. Let's see what else is going on here. Cirrus Logic, we talked a little bit about this. The November 2nd high 2018 had $43.25 with 2.8 million shares. Got into it with 900,000 shares and rejected it on March 21st. Got down to $39.29 and then back up. Last couple of days you've had 500,000, 500,000 a day. 140,000 shares so far. So again, just quiet, quiet, quiet. CVR Energy, we were talking a little bit about how I thought the energy stocks looked a little tapped out. We'll go look at the XLE in a minute. This one, CVR, was $35.95 on February 21st with 1.2 million shares. Got into it yesterday with 500,000 shares and instantly rejected it down today. Not going to have huge volume, but certainly a lot of these do look rather weak. CMEX actually, this one's kind of bounced off the bottom. This was a big runner back when everybody was planning on all kinds of stuff for works in the United States, never did much. Donaldson, DCI, another one, not a huge volume stock, but February 25th, you had $52.67 with 570,000 shares yesterday. Got into it with 262,000 shares today. You're down with 121. So again, just not seeing that kind of juice. What else do we have? Dellic Holdings, I don't know much about this one other than it tested the highs yesterday and did a big reversal and did have some volume. That may be one to one. Take a look at the symbol on that is DK. DKS, which is Dick's Sporting Goods. Also, a nice test of the previous March 1st high. That's $40.87 with 2.8 million shares. Got into it with 1.6 million shares yesterday. No real signal out here today so far. EV, Eaton Vance, certainly looking at that. Triple top, looking to mean nice W formation. March 1st, this one had $42.66 with 1.25 million shares. Tried it on March 19th with 800,000 shares. Tried it two days ago on 700,000 shares. Yesterday, 609,000 shares is pulled back a little bit today. Lighter volume, 350,000 shares. So again, we're rolling off that right shoulder, but not seeing the kind of volume that you might see. FAZ, certainly looks like the financials may have seen some kind of bottom in this bear shares. 2.3 million shares back on March 19th at $8.80. Got into it with 1.8 million shares on April 5th, up a little yesterday on 2 million shares. Today, 1.8 million shares are ready. So you've gone below that March 19th level. Back in the trading range. And yes, I forgot to take a look at the XLE to what else do you have? This is what I thought was one of the weaker sectors out here, the XLE. Mostly everybody thinking there was problems and not figuring out that it was the move from winter to summer formula and all the rigs being shut down for service as they do every six months or so. December 3rd in the XLE, we saw $67.99 with 22 million shares. And of course, yesterday we got into that. Went above it, closed below it on half the volume that we're off a little bit today. Not a big deal or not surprising. Let me put it that way. You've got 7 million shares now compared to the 10 million shares. So I still suspect maybe we've got a little bit of hangtime over here on the right hand side of these charts. Fortress Biotech. If there's a biotech that looks like maybe it's found some kind of support, is it anyone? It is FBIO. Nice gap higher on 31st of January. Did that with 9.6 million shares. Back in and filling that gap with 127,000 shares today. I tried back on March 6th with 400,000 shares, but there's no volume over here on that one. Gigi Goldcourt testing the previous high, which is the February 26th high at $11.72. That had 23 million shares. We got into that yesterday with 7.6 million shares. So not even half. A third of the volume yesterday for Goldcourt, not a good sign, and a doji, and a little bit of a pullback so far today. But Goldcourt, pretty nasty looking volume all the way up from the February 28th low. Goldman Sachs, the Goldman Sachs, as we talked about last few days, was challenging the previous high of March 19th at 206.45. Got into that yesterday with 2.5 million shares. So about 700,000 shares light down yesterday on 1.9 million shares. Today, 2.3 million, what's called 1.3 million shares so far. So again, no volume off the top, no volume pushing the highs either though. So that is problematic in trying to find a position. We talked about this one yesterday, which is HP, Helmrack, and Payne. 1.4 million shares on the February 20th high, $58.49. So you had 1.4 million shares. You got 1.5 yesterday. So it actually did a little bit better. But another doji out here today on 570,000 shares. Well, we got lots to go through. We're going to try to get through all of them today. Give me call<PHONE_NUMBER>. This is a great opportunity to get a 30-day free trial to David's daily newsletter, The Path of Lease Resistance, with no obligation to pay anything. David has been delivering solid recommendations for his subscribers recently, and if you'd like to see the type of newsletter he delivers every morning, then visit the front page of TFNN, and you'll find The Path of Lease Resistance under Trader. So you can get a 30-day free trial to David's daily newsletter, and you'll find The Path of Lease Resistance under Trading Newsletters. For all the details, and to start your 30-day free trial today, log on to TFNN.com now. Hi, folks, Tom O'Brien here. If you'd like to get my daily newsletter and market insights, then now is a great time to sign up for a 30-day free trial. Every morning by 9.30, I send out my morning letter to subscribers with market commentary on a variety of markets, currencies, and commodities to keep investors up-to-date on the day's trading action. Included in Market Insights are specific buy-and-sell recommendations for stocks, ETFs, and even options, which stops and price targets included for every trade in my newsletter. If you'd like to try my newsletter risk-free for 30 days, then head over to the front page of TFNN, and you'll find Market Insights under Trading Newsletters. I use my years of trading experience to bisect and dissect the market every morning, and give my subscribers the most important information they need to know for the day ahead. I even issue afternoon updates for my subscribers whenever warranted with important market action. I'm always scouring the market for the next great trading opportunity. Sign up for your 30-day free trial to my daily newsletter of Market Insights today by visiting the front page of TFNN.com. Well, go get them, folks! TFNN is excited about our new software charting program, the Art of Timing the Trade Chart. In collaboration with Tom O'Brien and using his best-selling book, The Art of Timing the Trade, Your Ultimate Trading Mastery System, has programmed an outstanding piece of software that will complement any trader's methodology. Using this first-of-its-kind program, The Art of Timing the Trade Chart allows you to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups, including Gartly's, ABC's, Butterflies, and much more. The Art of Timing the Trade Chart is designed to help you when scouring the markets for stocks just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days, weeks, or even months searching to find. The Art of Timing the Trade Chart is offering licenses available at only $79 a month. We are so confident that you're going to love this new charting software that will even give you a 30-day unconditional money-back guarantee. Don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software. Get your copy of The Art of Timing the Trade Chart today by visiting TFNN.com. This segment is brought to you by Think or Swim. For more information, just click the Think or Swim banner and we'll be right back. Thank you. Plenty of time to call or email at TFNN.com. Put a message in the den as we go through a lot of these stocks that are seeing a very light volume. ITT, looking at the last past high of November 2nd, where it spiked to 6140, 1.8 million shares. The last couple of days, it spiked to 200,000 shares as we get deep into the day. No real sign of a lot of weakness, other than the fact that the prices are lower. Maybe this is a sign of something bigger coming, but we don't have a lot of confirmation yet. We like to see sellers abandoning ship. That doesn't always happen. We talked about maximum-integrated products yesterday, another one in the SMHs going for its 5.7 million share high of December 3rd. That was 5724. We got to 5806 closed higher, but only had 1.6 million shares. And, of course, today, you're back into the trading range out here. So not looking good. A lot of these were looking fairly weak. We're going to need a catalyst to move forward. Tomorrow, we get into options expiration, and then Friday, we actually have some earnings that might move the needle somewhat, and it may just be quiet for the storm of Friday. NXP semi-conductors another weak move higher, but not giving up the ghost. February 25th, $98.20, 4.8 million shares got into it yesterday with 2.3 million shares. Today, just 1.6 million shares so far as we go against the gap. Pet IQ. What do we have here? Certainly, we've got this bouncing on that high. Roku was one that I hadn't seen for a while or paid attention to. Again, this is one with like 40% short interest and it's an IPO still being kind of manipulated by the underwriters. I always thought it was more of a GoPro kind of company. Eventually, it'd be back down to 5 or 10 bucks. Kind of hard to figure out exactly. The chart doesn't look as bad as you might think. This came up on 48 million shares on February 22nd. And we're back into it yesterday with 24.5 and today, just a little camera out here with 11.5 million shares. And again, about the same volume as you got back into the March 14th lows also. Let's take a look at a little bit of Copper. Claude's Copper Clappers.  I know you are. Southern Copper SCCO. We look at this one, $41.02 with 1.2 million shares. That goes back to the November 2nd high. We get into that yesterday with 521,000 shares. Down on 433,000 shares. You may even have more volume by the end of the day than you did on the upside yesterday. Energy on the way back up is not as bad as some of the other stocks out there, but still fairly interesting. Skyworks Solutions that's got a nice spike on February 6th. We had 9 million shares that day at 8748. Got into that yesterday with 1.4 million shares. Today, Edoji going sideways at 676,000 shares. Still no real confirmation on a lot of these as we've said. You need to get some kind of signal underneath one of these either 9-day moving average or 3x3 displacement average, which is what I'm looking at. You get 3 or 4 more days into this and we could be hitting that and closing lower without doing much upward movement in the markets, but not much to write home about just yet. At least no big signals, even if the market is down a little bit. Semantic blew up on earnings on May 11th. And that was at $18.62. It tested that a bunch of times and finally found some light volume back on December 26th. It came back up here and it's really been trying to fill this gap at about 23-24 bucks. And of course that day down, you came down on 112 million shares. Got a lot of people wanting their cash back on this one. And of course the last few days 11.6 million shares and today just 3 million shares so far. Man, you are I think at a dangerous place if the market got any really bad news and I think that's where it's at. We don't have any volume yet but if we had a catalyst for bad news as the catalyst, maybe there's enough to actually get some of these people to actually sell something. Boy of financial bouncing off its previous October 5th eye $52.34 for the 1.2 million shares yesterday got into it 573,000 shares today down on 867. As I said those financials look like they may turn. We talked about the XLE2 this one had a very weak leg back up off the December 26th low I've stretched fairly far pull down today on 7 million shares already compared to the 10.6 million shares you had yesterday so not a real clear signal no real break of a trend line yet but as we take a look at these it's only going to take about another buck or so on the downside are probably actually getting into some selling XLE have another one in the energy space that like I said is kind of interesting to me and that is you got about 17 actually to 17 million share highs that goes back to November 8th and December 4th of last year for ExxonMobil you peaked and turtled and prairie dog that stuck your head out on a field against those 17 million share highs with 9.1 million shares yesterday right back into the trading range today she goes so what we got about a minute I've got some emails coming in so let's take a look at those I want me to take a quick look at Microsoft as the leader of the market or has been for a while how close are we there some kind of cell signal well today if you close down here you're going to get it and this is where you can start seeing some selling come back in as long as you close below is that 1951 you've got a cell signal now I won't be shorting Microsoft it's not going to come back that far it might come back to 100 which I think would be a gift it's super extended and I think a lot of people just kept piling into it because of course the same thing with Apple which is if you want to run the market just keep buying a few Apple shares every day if you're a big man on Wall Street everybody else is going to do it too give you the opportunity to sell everything else in the market we're going to be back we've got one more big segment and then a little segment we'll have fun the security for these first mortgages are building lots in the tax opportunity zone in St. Petersburg, Florida the tax act of 2018 set up tax free zones across the country 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software I tell you what they're doing literally everything they can you couldn't ask for more night and day version from the previous CEO to this CEO there was some things that I'd love for them to change and they're a little slow and some of the machine learning stuff that they have coming out but I used to pay 2400 bucks a year for a developer package that I haven't had to pay for since probably 2012 or 2014 or something and they make it all free which they have to compete with all the Linux stuff if you're a big company with more than a handful of people and you want to work together the versions that do that very well are expensive but if you're a big company you can afford it and of course they do a lot of work if you're not making an app for 5 million people but making an app for 10,000 people makes a lot of sense if you're in the line of business kind of application to continue doing it and of course they've got a lot of stuff on their Azure website it seems like almost every day they're advertising some kind of new connection that they're putting the glue to let you write applications fairly quickly and get at least up and running to see what you might need further on so they may pull back I think that they will still probably outperform the rest of their peers especially in software the big problem I think that everybody the big problem that Microsoft has is that they're in bed whether they like it or not with all the other Fang stocks like Facebook and these guys man they have let's take a quick look at that Google Facebook these guys are going to just get creamed eventually on taxes and regulations and they don't seem to care it seems more about the next quarter than what's going to happen in a year from now if there's two companies that have avoided a lot of the pitfalls it's Amazon and Microsoft the political the political issues so you know what it's hard for me to say anything else is going on there's kind of I think if the Microsoft pulls back it's going to pull back with the rest of the market they still are probably going to outperform or come back less than the rest but could I see Microsoft back to 100 bucks they have the market pulls back far enough right now there's no volume on the downside so it's hard to actually start saying hey and waving flags that a long-term top is in I think we probably are just waiting for Friday and waiting for earnings to come in and there's a lot of indecision up here at the highs and of course we never know what the Treasury Secretary or the President is going to tweet or say to maybe finally get that kind of juice to actually break through these eyes so a lot of people are more than willing to sit on their hands for a handful of days as we pull back and look and see what's happening in the rest of the market so we're off 19 on the S&P cash again pulling back probably not a big surprise with the incredibly light volume that we talked about both on Friday and yesterday throughout the day there just wasn't any real desire to go higher but again you know 20 points off on the S&P cash not a big deal now of course weighing under Boeing somewhat NASDAQ's off 4041 on a normal day we wouldn't think anything more about this and again we've got options Delta neutral tomorrow so if they push this down early in the morning tomorrow I'm going to look for probably some kind of reversal for later in the day of course 8 out of 10 options expirations will close higher than the high of tomorrow there's always about a 1.5% bullish bias on average into options expiration if the market starts to pull back it's also generally an outlier event in which the downside is much greater than the general average upside so generally you know you only get 2 out of 10 that go down over 30 or 40 years whatever but when they go down they go down about 3 times the size that the average upside is into options expiration which is the 21st of this month I think it is at the right date to do okay 19th so you got you know tomorrow options delta neutral from the 19th at the actual expiration but you've got to have a fairly compelling case to go short in April I've seen markets like this many times hold up all the way to March 1st and then start seeing the selling come back in can you think Buffett Gates base us in the army of lieutenants observe I can thank them I guess that's a statement okay but you know Jeff Bezos self inflicted wounds and Microsoft there's a squeaky clean bunch no accounting fraud no lots of turmoil in the executive ranks not a lot of questions like Oracle where you might have somebody shoot their mouth off one day but certainly problematic I do have a question to look at Cisco we'll do that real quick CSCO to do okay you don't have much in this again you're wanting some kind of break and you want some kind of volume coming in you know almost 14 million shares you got about 10 million shares so far today what we've got left got about an hour and 10 minutes left so not much to scream about on that let's look at some of the other big high flyers NFL X as we look at that one man just it looks like again sideways action up a little bit today but again and a little higher low on March 28th a little lower high on April 3rd we're just under trading range waiting for earnings is my call we'll be back in a minute I'm certain you are or strive to be one of the best of the best at everything you do in life it's the most common trade that we tigers and tigers share if you're looking to become the best of the best when it comes to managing your money let me teach you to do what most wealth managers tell you can't be done which is how to time the markets I'm Steve Rhodes author of mastering probability and for the last 12 months timer digest has been tracking my newsletter signals which have earned me the ranking as their number one market timer in the nation for the S&P 500 for the last 12 six and three months timer digest also ranks me as the number one market timer 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you probably want to see you're right at the top of this big handle down that goes back to October 10th October 10th it was down on 11 million shares so 2.3 million shares probably just not going to cut it so we're kind of at the top of this range maybe we get a pullback on light volume and then the next range we can actually see some volume up there break those highs maybe a lot of these stocks start breaking down by the end of the day close back some kind of trend line in these things and actually get some sell signals on them a handful of them yes a whole lot of them no so we're kind of in this no man's land we're waiting for signals to act and are probably not prudent to get a little too far ahead of those signals as slow as the markets going as they say you don't want to be short of a quiet market and certainly a quiet market generally has light volume so we'll look at those anyway as we close the show down 19 on the S&P 500 down then 19 dows off 204 SX down 37 and the Russell off about 12 waiting for earnings on Friday most likely we'll be back tomorrow same back channel same back time so when you can now when you have to