Thank you so much for that wonderful introduction. As you said, my name is Adam Slavny. I guess when I wrote that, I was the second year. I'm now a third year graduate student in Hemakurinidasa's group. And yeah, so today I wanted to talk to you about bismuth-based double porovskites, specifically in the context of porovskite foldable tanks. If you saw Mike McGee's talk yesterday, you've already gotten a bit of an introduction to this. Here I'm plotting. I'm showing a chart produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. And oh, what happened there? Great. And so it's just charting the rise of solar cell efficiency over time for a variety of different technologies.  Porovskites are the red circles with the yellow filling. And you can see that since they started keeping track of this in 2013, the efficiency has just soared. They're now up above 20%. They're competitive with several commercial technologies, including cadmium telluride. So as you can imagine, this has sparked a lot of interest in the research community. There's probably several dozen groups around the world working on this. My group is a synthetic inorganic chemistry group. And so when all of this porovskite work started to happen, we got very interested. And the reason we got very interested is actually due to the porovskite structure. So briefly, let me just tell you what that is. I'm showing you an example of it here. It consists of a metal halide octahedra connected to other metal halide octahedra to form a three-dimensional network. And since this network has an overall negative charge, you need a counterbalancing cation to sit in that cavity. And this gives you an overall structure, overall formula of ABX3, where A is the cation that sits in the cavity. It's one plus. B is the cation that sits in the center of the octahedra, and that's a two-plus metal. And then X is the halides. And from a chemist's perspective, what's really exciting about this structure is its flexibility. You have a huge amount of ability to change the A site, to change the B site, and even to change the halide site. And you can still get the porovskite structure. I'm just showing you a few examples here. And the porovskite foldable take community has started to realize this until about last year, pretty much every porovskite solar cell was made with the structure I'm showing you here, methyl ammonium lead iodide. But now the real state of the art of the industry is where you take methyl ammonium iodide and you get rid of it and you use formimidinium or cesium or some combination of, and this helps impart better stability. So it's clear that we can use this sort of substitutional strategy to access new materials properties in this field. However, so the A site has gotten a lot of attention. The B site, I would argue, has gotten far less attention. But it's no less important. And that's mostly because of the element that sits in the B site. All porovskite solar cells, high performing porovskite solar cells have lead at the B site. And this is a pretty significant problem because lead is toxic. This was in the news earlier this year in Flint, Michigan where acidic water from the Flint River leached lead into the water supply and ended up poisoning a lot of the town folk. I only bring this up because humans have been living around lead and working with lead for a long, long time. And our experience tells us, and we know now that the only level of lead exposure that's not detrimental to human health is zero, none. This is a bigger problem, I would argue, for porovskite solar cells than it is for some older solar cell technologies. Because unlike, say, in a silicon cell where you do have some lead, the lead that's in that cell is metallic lead in the soldering and the contacts. Whereas in porovskites, the lead is ionic lead. And ionic lead is significantly soluble in water. In fact, you can get 620 milligrams of lead iodide into water, which is a big deal from a toxicity perspective. I don't want to oversell this. I do think that lead porovskites do have a future as a commercial technology. But what it does mean is that at every step of the solar cell panel life cycle, we need to have systems in place that limit lead exposure. And importantly, those systems must be completely fail safe. The thing you don't want to have happen is you have, say, solar panels, porovskite solar panels on your roof and somebody throws a ball up there or you have a hail storm and it cracks the glass.  So this is the problem that I wanted to look at. We want to reduce the toxicity of porovskite solar cells by removing the lead. But at the same time, we need to preserve several of the properties that make lead porovskites so effective as foldable tag materials. So those are things like the moderately sized band gap of 1.6 EV and the ability to deposit high quality thin films from solution. The problem with this is that there's not a huge consensus yet among the community about what it is about lead porovskites that makes them so effective. However, everybody can agree, seems to agree that the lead porovskite electronic structure is key. So let me just give you a brief introduction into that. Here's just a very simple schematic where we have the valence band of the material and the conduction band of the material separated by a band gap. And you can see that the valence band of the material is made up of mostly halide P orbitals mixed in with lead S orbitals. And the conduction band of the material is made up of pretty much empty lead P orbitals. And so it's clear just from this picture that lead is playing an incredibly important role in the band edges of this material. And so if we're looking for a replacement for lead porovskites, what we need to do is find another element that has the same electronic configuration as lead 2 plus. Specifically, we need to find an element that has a filled 6S2 orbital to make up the valence band and an empty 6P orbital to make up the conduction band. So I'm a chemist and usually when I'm confronted with a problem like this, I go straight to the periodic table. If you don't like where you are on the periodic table, it's very easy. All you do is you go up or down. And so this gives us things like germanium and tin, both of which form porovskite phases and people have made solar cells out of this. The problem with both of these is that they're very oxygen sensitive. You can make a decent solar cell in the glove box, but as soon as you pull that out of the glove box, it oxidizes right away to tin 4 or germanium 4 and your solar cell doesn't work anymore. We could also potentially go down. However, fluorovium is radioactive and there's perhaps 60 atoms of it that's been made ever. So we might have a bit of a scaling problem. So if we can't go up or down, the other option that we have is to go left and right. This gives us thallium or bismuth as options. Thallium, it turns out, is actually significantly more toxic than lead. So if we rule that one out, we have really one very obvious candidate, which is bismuth. This presents a problem of its own. If you recall when I was introducing the porovskite structure, I said you need a two plus metal to sit in the B site of the porovskite structure. Bismuth is a three plus metal. And so instead of forming a porovskite, you more often form these lower dimensional compounds, non-porovskite structures, which aren't as ideal for foldable tachs. So we need some sort of strategy here to compensate for the extra charge on the bismuth. And so what we chose to do is we took the porovskite structure and then we expanded it into what's called a double porovskite structure. And all I've really done here is I've split the B site between two different elements. So now on one half of the B sites, we can put the bismuth three plus cation. And then on the other half of the B sites, we can put the sum one plus cation. And so that'll allow us to maintain charge balance in material overall. The material that actually ended up working out for this is cesium silver bismuth bromide where we're using silver as that one plus cation on the B site. It's very, very easy to make this material. All you do is you take cesium bromide, silver bromide, bismuth bromide, dissolve them in hydrobromic acid. And then when you cool that down, you get out these beautiful red crystals of your double porovskite material. We published this in February of this year. Another group came out with a similar report right after that. And since then, there's been a lot of other people following us finding new porovskite phases, new double porovskite phases. And so this is starting to take off. But to evaluate cesium silver bismuth bromide as a photovoltaic material, the first thing you wanna do, of course, is to look at the absorption spectrum, which is what I'm showing you here. And I want to draw your attention to the region down around two electron volts. And you can see that if you squint, that the material is starting to absorb some of the light, but it's not absorbing very strongly in that region. So this is indicative of an indirect band gap. So whereas in a direct band gap, we have nearly a step function, we have a very strong absorption right near the band edge. In an indirect band gap, we have only weak absorption near the band edge. And that's due to the fact that these bands are offset. We can figure out what the band gap is. It ends up being 1.95 EV. This is a little bit higher than what we were shooting for. We were shooting for around 1.6 or lower. However, this still has a lot of use potentially as the top absorber in a tandem solar cell, as Mike talked about yesterday. If you pair it with silicon, it has around the right band gap energy there. I also should point out that indirect band gap materials, the fact that this material has an indirect band gap does not disqualify it from acting as a absorbing material. So silicon is a great example of this. And so what it means though, is that we need a thicker layer to absorb all the light that's available to us. And what becomes important in that case is the carrier lifetime. You need a long carrier lifetime. So that's what we looked at here using time-resolved photo luminescence. We're watching the intensity of the photo luminescence decay over time. And that can give us a sense of how long the carriers are sticking around. Usually this takes the form of an exponential function, which would look like this. Our material does not look like that. In fact, it takes three different exponential terms to find a good result here. However, the most important part about this is the fact that we're seeing a very long lifetime in the tail. So we have a 616 nanosecond lifetime in the tail. This means that at least some of the carriers are sticking around for a significant amount of time. And we have the possibility of grabbing those carriers out as current. Briefly, I just want to say a little bit also about material stability. Methyl ammonium lead iodide has a known problem with moisture. You can see that in the powder pattern, it is decaying over time as we expose it to 55% humidity. We've looked at that for this material as well. And we see in the same conditions, no change in the powder pattern, no change in the peaks and under both the same humidity conditions and also under exposure to light. We've looked at this in terms of heat as well. Again, I'm showing you methyl ammonium lead iodide and methyl ammonium lead broide decaying after three days under 60 C, which is a very reasonable temperature for a solar cell to reach on a sunny day. We can heat this, my material a lot hotter up to 100 C for the same period of time. And again, we see no change. So with that, I would just like to conclude. We've, I've made a new class of materials called double perovskite materials. The way we did this is we took out the lead and we replaced it with a combination of silver one plus and business three plus. This is actually the first business bromide perovskite ever reported and it has low toxicity because we've gotten rid of the lead as well as improved moisture and heat resistance and long carrier lifetimes. There are some things we'd still like to work on here. The band gap is a little too high for a single junction solar cell and the indirect band gap, it would be more convenient if we could find a way to get to a direct band gap. However, I think the most important point here is that double perovskites greatly expand the scope of halide perovskites before we were really stuck only with two plus metals in the B site. And now we have the option to think about one plus through four plus metals, which essentially gives us access to the entire periodic table. With that, I would like to thank my group, the Krunidasa group, as well as my collaborators here in material science, Tehu and Professor Aaron Lindberg. Thank you so much to GSEP for funding. It would not have been possible to do it without them. I'll be happy to take any questions at this time. So is the indirect band gap a function of the fact that you have the double perovskites and do those other double perovskites also have indirect band gaps or what are their limitations? So it's not necessarily the case that all double perovskites will have indirect band gaps and it's mostly the fact that actually the presence of silver is what we think is causing the form of the indirect band gap due to some sort of complicated orbital interactions. So people have made, for example, people made the Thallium-Vismith double perovskite with Thallium-1 plus and that has a direct band gap just essentially very similar to the lead perovskites. So yes, it's not out of the question that double perovskites could have direct band gaps. Time for one more question. I think there's one over here. It looks like everyone's using bismuth for the double perovskites. Do the, like if you go up and down from bismuth, do those not crystallize the same way? Is there some reason you can't use the other ones or is it just, we haven't gotten there yet? Mostly the second one. We haven't gotten there yet. If you go too far up, you hit arsenic which would probably not be a great replacement for lead. But people have looked at antimony and that's definitely something that people are looking at and I don't think there's any reason that you couldn't make an antimony double perovskite. Okay. Thank you, Adam. Thank you. Thank you Adam. One more time.


Hepatic lipidosis, defined as an excessive fat buildup in the liver, is a prevalent cause of possibly reversible liver failure in cats. The liver is in charge of several critical activities, including glucose and fat metabolism, protein and vitamin synthesis, vitamin and iron storage, the creation of chemicals required for blood coagulation, and the removal or breakdown of toxins. The typical lipidosis cat is middle-aged, was formerly fat but has lost at least 25% of its original body weight, has a low appetite, and may have an evident unsettled stomach. Cats with severe liver illness may also suffer from electrolyte imbalances or vitamin shortages. There is usually a bleeding propensity in lipidosis, which might make obtaining a biopsy sample relatively hazardous. A fat infiltration aspirate is typically diagnostic, particularly when ultrasonography reveals that the whole liver has a fatty texture. Liver disease. As the liver is involved in many crucial functions, a cat with liver disease may show a wide variety of symptoms. These may include lethargy, anorexia, loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea and behavioral changes. Hepatic lipidosis. Hepatic lipidosis is just one of many liver diseases which can cause the clinical signs indicated above. It can be the primary problem or secondary to another disease process. Several primary disease processes include inflammatory bowel disease, other liver diseases, cancer, pancreatitis or social interaction problems. Factors that may be associated with the onset of hepatic lipidosis include stress, obesity, anorexia, diet change, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes and hyperthyroidism. The typical cat with hepatic lipidosis has recently lost a significant amount of body weight, has a poor appetite, and is middle-aged and overweight.  This fat is then transported to the liver. The liver should then process this fat and export it to the rest of the body in a new form. In cats that develop hepatic lipidosis, this process is impaired and the rate of fat export from the liver is much slower than the rate of fat intake, resulting in fat accumulation within the liver cells. Damage to the liver is caused by swelling of the liver cells with excessive fat. At a minimum, impairment of liver function occurs, and in those cats with severe disease, overt liver failure results. Diagnosis. The suspicion that a cat is suffering from liver disease is confirmed by physical examination, a thorough history including diet and medications, comprehensive blood work, and abdominal ultrasound. The definitive diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis requires visualization of fat globules in the liver cells, this can only be accomplished through needle aspiration or biopsy of the liver. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beemix Pets. Are you looking for high quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out, BeemixPets.com. Use coupon code KittenLife, to get 20% off. Treatment. Regardless of the cause, the basic treatment for hepatic lipidosis is the same. Many cats will be dehydrated and completely anorexic when brought to the hospital. Intravenous fluids are used to correct dehydration. Most cats with hepatic lipidosis refuse to eat, yet the only way to reverse the process of fat accumulation within the liver is through aggressive feeding. This supplies your cat with his or her full caloric requirements. Force feeding your cat is an option, but most cats are not very cooperative, and meeting their caloric requirements is difficult at best. Cats also seem to develop food aversions quite easily, and the unpleasant experience of force feeding may further delay your cat's return to self-feeding. Placement of a feeding tube into the stomach or neck, respectively, is the most satisfactory method to manage feedings. The percutaneous gastrostomy tube is placed using an endoscope and requires a short duration of anesthesia. An esophagostomy tube also requires anesthesia. This tube is placed into your cat's esophagus through a small hole in the neck. Some cats require supportive care, including vitamin K to help them clot their blood, for a period of time before they are stable enough to undergo these procedures. Both options allow the cat to receive the full caloric requirement with a minimum of stress and fuss. A specially formulated recovery diet can be fed through the feeding tube for as long as it takes your cat to recover from hepatic lipidosis. If necessary, the feeding tube can safely remain in place for several weeks to months. A feeding tube allows your pet to return home where you can perform the feedings and give medications in a less stressful environment. The expected hospitalization for a cat presenting with severe hepatic lipidosis can be up to 7 to 10 days. During this period of time, we will correct the dehydration, monitor for any electrolyte abnormalities that may occur, and begin the reintroduction of food. As these blue pearl pet hospital, Renton, Washington, vets with feline patient cats have not eaten for some time, reintroduction of food must be done slowly so as to not overwhelm their system. Once your cat is stable, off intravenous fluid therapy, and receiving most of his or her calculated caloric requirements we will set up a time for your cat to go home. During the discharge appointment, we will go through any medications your cat may require, demonstrate how tube feedings are done, and answer any other questions you may have. Results. You will be expected to bring your cat in to see your veterinarian for regular re-checks. These might be more frequent in the beginning and will decrease in frequency as your cat recovers. Some feeding tubes require bandaging that will need to be changed every couple of days. Many owners learn to do these bandage changes at home and monitor for infections. As liver function recovers, appetite will gradually improve. The expected recovery time is typically 6 to 12 weeks, with an average time of 8 weeks. When your cat is totally self-feeding for 2 weeks without any weight loss, the feeding tube can be removed. Recurrence of primary hepatic lipidosis is rare, and many cats that survive go on to live normal lives. Some cats have other contributing diseases that require specific long-term treatment. For more information on this subject, speak to the veterinarian who is treating your pet. Re-feeding injury. When a patient has been in a starvation state for a while and then begins to eat, some serious metabolic problems may occur in the first few days as metabolism changes. When food is delivered, the pancreas releases insulin in an attempt to store the calories. Unfortunately, insulin also drives circulating potassium inside cells, and cats with hepatic lipidosis are often depleted of potassium to start out with. This sudden drop in potassium can make a cat quite weak, causing drooping neck, listlessness, urine retention or inability to urinate normally, heart muscle depression, and more. Similarly, insulin will drive phosphate into cells in a similar way, leaving the bloodstream depleted. Red blood cells will not have enough phosphate to maintain their own structure, they burst, causing severe anemia. If the blood phosphate level drops below 2.2mg-dL, and four supplement will be needed. After the phosphate level has started to rise, an oral supplement of phosphate, usually lactose-free cows' milk works well. Expect your cat to be monitored in the hospital for the first three days following initiation of nutritional support, and possibly longer. Re-feeding injuries can be usually avoided by starting with half, or less, of the required amount of calories and gradually working up to the full nutritional requirement over a few days. Having a low blood potassium level at the time of lipidosis diagnosis is associated with an increased chance of death. Many people are reluctant to place or work with feeding tubes and want to try feeding their cats at home. There is no room for tentative treatment when it comes to this disease. Cats that show a 50% drop in total bilirubin level within 7-10 days are statistically likely to survive. Keep in mind that hepatic lipidosis rarely happens for no apparent reason. If there is an underlying cause, it must also be addressed.


Dilo, what do you remember about your first encounter and meeting Devin Booker? Like I said, it's a long story behind it. Just to keep it short and simple. I mean, we were competing at a camp, battling it out. And I feel like we both kind of got the best of each other, and we earned each other's respect right there on point. Was the friendship developed right then, or did that take some time? I mean, we kept in touch. Like I said, we were at a camp, I think it was in St. Louis. And we just kept in touch from that point on, from other camps, from other locations that the tournaments were hosted. I don't know, it was just real right there. What level did you guys click? I mean, just from a brother standpoint, I felt like he was my brother right there. And then as our relationship grew on and off the court, I think it was just like, man, we can keep this going for real. And his family came in touch with my family.  What are the kind of things you guys do together?  We're always, you know, trying to plan for something. Summertime's a great time to, you know, get to his neck of the woods in Phoenix or whatever, or wherever I may be. We just try to catch up like that. What is it like competing against him now? Oh, it's blood, you know. I think we both, you know, we bleed the same blood.  And I think that's where I respect, you know, respect level for each other keeps growing. We want to kill each other, we want to win. And it's all love off the court when we're done, but when we're on the court, it's blood. Your journeys have really aligned. And how happy were you for him to see him get that contract? And how inspiring is that for you? Big time, man. He's been good. He's been that good for a while. So it's no surprise to me or anybody that's known him. You know, he's been under radar for a while now. But, man, double salute to him. Well deserved. Last thing for you. What are going to be the keys to keeping the momentum going from the last game and getting this road trip off to a good start? Man, stopping him. Honestly, as much as we can deny him the ball, make him work, hope he miss. I think that's our best chance.


Vanessa, how are you? I wonder if you could tell us a little bit about your background and what you did before you came to UBC. Okay, so I actually have three degrees in Criminology, B, A, M, A, and Ph.D. And I was, before I decided to do a master's, I had decided that I was going to go to law school. And then in the course of my undergraduate degree, I changed my mind and decided that graduate school was the place for me. So I did my MA and Ph.D. in Criminology as well. And I finished my Ph.D. at the Center of Criminology at the University of Toronto in 2001. And then I had a postdoc for a year and was hired at UBC in 2002 and started in 2003. I've been here for 10 years teaching in sociology. So yes, you're in sociology, but you also had the program, I believe, in law and society. And you're interested in post-colonial and gender issues. Can you say a little bit more about that specialization and what you do? Sure. So I was hired at UBC to teach in law and society. Which is interesting because at the time that I was hired, sociology didn't actually have any law and society classes. So there are many classes in, well not many actually, several classes in crime and society that are very popular, which I teach. But the job description was specifically to teach in law and society. And law and society is essentially thinking about the dynamic relationship between law and society more generally, whether we're talking about regions or nation states or the globe. And thinking about the ways in which law permeates all aspects of society. So it's an attempt to think about law outside of the professional designation of law schools. And it doesn't focus on doctrine or jurisprudence, but more around history, politics, social theory, all of those things. So when I first started at UBC there was a law and society speaker series that was run by West Pew who's in the law school. And since then there's been a growing interest both at the level of the administration and at the level of students and faculty to try to begin a minor in law and society. So we did actually create a minor that I believe has 70 to 75 minors currently. And there is an introduction to law and society class as well as classes from various other disciplines including sociology, political science, philosophy, history that are attached to the minor. So it's a very exciting program and a very exciting development. Perhaps you could say a little bit about your specific research or one or two instances. Sure. So I am interested, I actually do social legal history. So since I finished my PhD at the University of Toronto the Centre of Criminology has become more aptly named the Centre for Criminology and Social Legal Studies. And so I am interested in do legal history and I'm particularly interested in histories of the British Empire. So my first book was focused on British Columbia and on Canada looking at interactions and encounters between original people and Chinese migrants. And my second book which I'm working on now is called Across Oceans of Law and is focused on ships, oceans and law and legality. Sounds cool. Can you say a little bit about teaching and your approach to teaching? Okay, I find teaching to be very challenging in part because it, even though as the professor we're at the front of the class lecturing or leading seminars, teaching is really a very collaborative process. So it only works well if students are engaged and excited and interested. And for the most part that happens but sometimes enthusiasm wanes over the course of the term or the year. So I'm really interested in teaching students how to think critically. I'm also very interested and excited about the content that I put on my reading lists and that I teach in my classes. But I think that one of the most important elements or objectives of university is to teach students how to think, how to be critical thinkers so that when they go out into the world they can actually apply those skills to real experiences and situations. Perhaps that's a link to Arts One. What attracts you to Arts One program, especially given you come from sociology and criminology, which is not the most, not usually represented within the program? So I actually see myself as someone who's much more, even though I have, who's much more humanities oriented. So even though I have a PhD in criminology, which is actually in many places considered to be an applied science, I definitely have a sort of humanities approach to my work. So as I said, I'm someone who does sociological history, but I'm also really interested in critical theory and in philosophy. And so in many ways, yes, sociology, criminology hasn't been well represented in Arts One. But one of the reasons why I really, one of the reasons that I was attracted to teaching in Arts One was precisely because of the range of texts that we would be reading. And so many of the texts that we've encountered and read in the past year that we will again read in the coming year are texts that have been really foundational to discussions about law engagements with human rights. Many of the things that I'm really interested in. And so it's been a really amazing experience actually the past year has, being able to work with, closely with colleagues, and to be able to hear or to think about texts from the vantage point of other disciplines and other forms of expertise. So it's, and to actually hear that or to think about texts that I might have read before, or maybe not, from historians, from people teaching in the English department has been really, really exciting for me. But you can tell us about one or two of the texts that you're contributing, teaching, lecturing on this year in Arts One. They range, there's quite a range, from Bazolomé Las Casas, Fanon, Marx, and a novel. And a novel, yes. So the texts that I'm teaching on range from the British, French, and Spanish empires. And so I am interested, really interested in questions of colonialism. My own expertise is around the British Empire. But it's been really quite exciting to be able to teach texts that I have approached, such as Fanon's Wretched of the Year, through the lens of critical theory, and to think about it more historically and substantively within a broader, imperial context. I am teaching a novel, this will be my first time, and the novel is Amitav Ghosh's Sea of Poppies. It's really a remarkable book about indentured labor from India to Mauritius. And one of the reasons why I thought it would be a very exciting text for this year is precisely because of the theme of exploration in the counter. But also because my own current research is really focused on the Indian Ocean. And one of the issues that repeatedly comes up with journeys by a ship is the middle passage. And Ghosh really beautifully demonstrates the kinds of social relations and antagonisms that happen on this middle passage from India to, across the Indian Ocean, to Mauritius. So I'm very excited about teaching the novel and I'm very excited to be talking about ships and oceans with the Arts One class. What are you looking forward to in particular this year? The students. So last year was the first time that I've actually taught first year undergraduate students. And it was quite a remarkable experience. I learned so much from my students in the class. It was a lot of fun to actually have 20 students and to get to know them over the course of a full year, often getting to know them quite intimately. And it was really exciting to read texts with them to hear about their impressions and experiences with texts that they might have read before in high school or that they've encountered for the first time. So I'm really excited to meet my students and I'm excited to see where our conversations go. What advice would you have for a new student or to someone who's thinking about becoming a student in Arts One? My advice is get to know your peers in the class for sure. I think that that's a really important piece of advice in part because you're going to be with these 20 students for the course of the entire year. And in many cases you're going to be learning from them and not just the professors in the class. So some of our best discussions have happened in seminars, in small groups. And it's been really, one of the really rewarding experiences last year was to see how the dynamics of our seminar actually congealed in particular ways. So be open to your peers and get to know them well and make sure you read. Great. Thank you very much. Thank you.


Hello and welcome back to another episode of Physics Partner. Today we are going to unravel the mysterious phenomenon known as Compton scattering. This concept may sound complex but we are here to break it down for you in simple terms. Compton scattering is a fundamental principle in physics that describe how photons interact with matter. When a high energy photon collides with an electron, the photon loses energy and changes direction. This process is crucial in understanding the behavior of light and matter at a microscopic level. It was first discovered by Arthur Compton in 1923 and it has since played a significant role in the development of quantum mechanics. Did you know that the amount of energy lost by the photon in Compton scattering is directly proportional to the energy of the incident photon. This relationship is a key factor in determining the wavelength shift of the scattered photon. Additionally, Compton scattering is used in various scientific fields such as astronomy, medical imaging and material science. It allows researchers to study the composition and structure of materials at the atomic level. One practical application of Compton scattering is the field of medical imaging, specifically in X-ray technology. By analyzing the scattered X-ray, doctors can obtain detailed images of a patient's internal organs and detect abnormalities such as tumors or fractures. This non-invasive technique has revolutionized the way medical diagnoses are made, leading to improved outcomes and faster treatments. In conclusion, Compton scattering is a powerful tool that has shaped our understanding of light and matter. Its real-life applications have had a profound impact on various scientific disciplines, making it an essential concept to grass.


I remind members that if the amendment in the name of Liz Smith is agreed to, the amendment in the name of Daniel Johnson will fall, and the question is that amendment 8305.2 in the name of Liz Smith, which seeks to amend motion 8305 in the name of John Swinney, on transition to a wellbeing economy, be agreed, and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 8305.2 in the name of Liz Smith is yes, 30, no, 8 to 8. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question, therefore, is that amendment 8305.1 in the name of Daniel Johnson, which seeks to amend motion 8305 in the name of John Swinney, on transition to a wellbeing economy, be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. The Parliament is not agreed, therefore we will move to a vote and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. Point of order, Colin Beattie. Sorry, can I just ask Mr Beattie if you could repeat that, thank you. My app wouldn't connect and I would have voted no. Thank you, we'll ensure that's recorded. The result of the vote on amendment 8305.1 in the name of Daniel Johnson is yes, 24, no, 94. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question is that motion 8305 in the name of John Swinney, on transition to a wellbeing economy, be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. The Parliament is not agreed, therefore we'll move to a vote and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on motion 8305 in the name of John Swinney is yes, 64, no, 54. There were no abstentions. The motion is therefore agreed. The next question is that motion 8305 in the name of John Swinney, on transition to a wellbeing economy, be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. The Parliament is not agreed, therefore we'll move to a vote and members should be agreed. I propose to ask a single question on four parliamentary bureau motions. Does any member object? No member objects, therefore the final question is the motions 8324 to 8327 in the name of George Adam on behalf of the parliamentary bureau on approval if SSIs be agreed. Are we all agreed? The motions are therefore agreed. That concludes decision time and we'll now move on to members' business.


Here's the real reason why Michelle Yo has risen above everyone else all at once to become the Asian Queen of Hollywood. Yeah, I like that pun. Anyway guys, this is going viral. It's Oscar season. Obviously Michelle Yo, she was a huge star in Asia in the 1980s to 90s to 2000s. But in 2023, Andrew, somehow she has reinvented herself as the Queen of Asian American media. So we got to go through some of the viral articles. We got to talk about why that is. So make sure you like, subscribe, and turn on your notifications, guys.  Andrew, let's just get into the first article, man. This went viral from Next Shark on Yahoo. She wouldn't listen to people who told her to retire. Do not tell me what to do. A lot of people, they were telling me to retire. Give up your career, Michelle. And that was right before I got the script for everything everywhere all at once. Yeah, I mean, that's very impressive and you got to give it up to her, man. And she all these articles that we're going to be talking about, it's going to just show kind of how like tough she is, like literally like physically and mentally. Yeah, I don't think you guys know like Michelle Yo and we grew up growing up called her Michelle Yao was a star in Asia for like decades. Literally her first like win where she got known was 1983. And then of course, Supercop was in 1996. Andrew, some people are saying, man, I just hope the Oscars would recognize her. This March, I love to see her win. She doesn't need to retire. She just needs to get those bunions taken care of. Apparently Michelle Yo has gotten so famous recently, Andrew. Her bunions became famous. Yeah. And honestly, Michelle Yo is really of that like Jackie Chan era. She's almost I would say Jackie Chan status. Yeah. At this stage. Well, she was the female Jackie Chan of Asia or the Chinese markets overseas. However, Andrew, this moves into this whole arc that we're going to talk about because in 2023, she like transferred, she went away for a while and then became quickly the queen of the Asian American sphere. Moving on to article number two, Andrew, she's saying that nowadays in 2022, 2021, finally, she started to feel seen by Hollywood because for the longest time, of course, she had money. She had fame, but she felt like when she came to America, they just knew her as that one James Bond girl and pretty much from nothing else. Yeah, I mean, I would say it's interesting because her recent roles that really blew her up starting at Shang-Chi, crazy rich Asians, and then now everything all at once. She's playing mothers. Yeah. Older mothers. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was her first movie where I was like, OK, she's definitely playing somebody older with children. Right. Right. But but actually playing the actual mom role is something that actually somebody in Hollywood, they kind of talk about this where sometimes you're like too old to play the young, beautiful woman.  And then now she can kind of play almost like a young grandmother. I know what you mean. A lot of actresses say that 40 to 60 range is really tough because you don't know what to play because people just don't write those roles in Hollywood. She also said, you know, as you get older, the roles get smaller and it seems like the numbers go up and these things go narrow. And then you start getting relegated to the side and side more and more. So she was really, really happy, obviously, about everything everywhere all at once. David, your Michelle Yao impression is definitely underrated. What's the next article?  So I think there's so many things that are related about her story. By the way, Michelle Yo's mom is still alive right now. And she's still looking very young and we got to get into our background later.  She kind of has some stories of like, I don't want to say rebellious, but it's still somewhat of a Western life because where she comes from, there is a lot of Western influence in Malaysia. She almost grew up somewhat like an Asian American, even though she's 60. Like you said, because of the colonial rule of British and French Indochina. Moving on, in 1997, she went viral again because, of course, everything Michelle Yo was going viral right now because she was on David Letterman after James Bond came out and she said, Jackie is such a chauvinistic pick. Yo, to call out Jackie Chan out to let me tell you this, I'm sure Jackie Chan in his personal life is a wild dude or was a wild dude. But however, just to call him out like that is very funny. But I feel like she was a joke. Yeah, she was joking. But that she was serious at the same time. But that comment nowadays would be taken a lot more seriously than it was obviously in 1997. I think that that's why it went viral 25 years later, right? Yeah. Also, not only that, she also did say that Jackie Chan saved her life one time on the set of something by catching her from falling off the car. It's too late to cancel Jackie Chan. Some people were basically saying, like, man, I loved her kung fu movies made in the Asia market in the 1990s. Wing Chun was one of my favorites. Oh, my gosh, Michelle Yo. And I think that that's something obviously that a lot of the Asian American kids don't know, Andrew, is that she was the star of hella hardcore martial arts movies in the 1990s in Asia. She was doing her own stunts. We can play a clip of her like almost dying like twice. Like things that they would never do nowadays. And honestly, like no actress at her level would ever do right now. Yeah, I think that she actually drove her own motorcycle on top of a truck. And of course, back then they just like, you know, they didn't have the same liabilities and things like that. That, you know, Asia movies, specifically Chinese movies back then, they would just break every rule. Moving on, Andrew, she also went viral again because at the Golden Globe she won. They tried to play the music. It was not the pianist playing, but they tried to play, you know, that the classic soundtrack to go over to be like, hurry up.  I can beat you up and that's real.  And then everybody loved it because everybody does know that she does kung fu.  Yeah, you're so small. Why are you just threatening people? Why do you think you could beat everybody up? And it's like, huh. Yeah, obviously, like, you know, was she being really seriously was she being serious about that? But I just thought that it was just like a lovable moment. Like everybody wanted her to say that. Yeah. And obviously she did incense some of the people on the right that were like, hey, man, why is she up there talking about her ethnicity in her age? Like everything was about that. Like we all conspired to hold her down.  I like how she with her tone was. So even turned into like a political issue in the comments section of that article.  I am not left or right. I am just a classy woman from colonial Asia.  You look so old and everything all at once. I am used to seeing my Michelle be so pretty. I think it just goes to show you that Michelle, you know, she has just such a wealth of experience and now it's all coming out on the interviews. Like she has just so much perspective to and so many stories. And she's so good at talking.  You know, so I'm saying she's been on the stage and she's been known how to carry herself for decades now. So also, I got to say that her relationship with her parents is a little bit like second gen's that are like 20 or 30 relationship with their parents. Like we said, because actually Michelle, you ended up never having kids. So it's almost like maintained this like both their parents are still around right now. And we got to move on. Like we said, everything about Michelle, you know, whether it's her quotables or achievements is going viral again in 2023. It's almost like the whole past 60 years is brought back up now. But, you know, she's the first actress of Asian descent to ever get nominated for Best Actress. That is crazy. I would have thought that there was someone that was at least half. Yeah. Well, actually, there was a woman named Merle Oberlin in 1935 who was like either a quarter or half Indian and Maori, but she hit it. And I think she just said she was Italian because she does have like a slight unique look, but she's white-passing. Bro, do you think there's any other older actresses from Asia right now looking at Michelle, yo, and just being like, could I be next?  I guess it'd be like. I definitely think she gives hope, but unless you really have been putting in that work for the last 40 years like she has, like working every day, unlikely. And we're also gonna talk about how her ability to speak English in multiple languages is also helping. Yeah. I mean, there's articles coming out about her childhood. This one's called The Slow Burning Rise of Michelle Yu. How the veteran Hollywood actress went from affluent ballerina and former Miss Malaysia to becoming the first time Oscar nominee at age 60. And there's like photos from her childhood. Like we said, obviously she's from a pretty well off family in Malaysia, which was at the time a British colony, which allows her to almost feel like an Asian-American because if you know about growing up in like Singapore and Malaysia, some aspects, Hong Kong, Andrew, it's almost like growing up half in the West, even though you grew up in the East. Yeah.  I mean, she was married to some billionaires in her lifetime. Oh, I'm shampooing. She's been around like a very like high-class group of people. Yeah. Like we said, literally my parents' favorite actresses, like she was like top three of my parents' favorite actresses back in the 80s. But a lot of people didn't know about who she was in America until literally this year. And last but not least, Andrew, she is going viral because she sort of represents this Asian-American Hollywood that we've never had. You know how like a lot of people are always locked in and they try to shove people like Constance Wu too early into that queen role? And it just doesn't work out because now nobody likes Constance. It's found out she's really bratty or really snotty. But here she is in this photo and her next to Angela Bassett and next to somebody else. I'm not gonna lie, I don't know who that is, but I'm sure she's pretty big and she's British.  She carries herself with lots of class. And then like, look at the comments. Man, what a fantastic actress and epitome of grace and style.  All right guys, so we went over the viral articles and I think that, you know, I think you could pretty much say right now it's well deserved. Everything she has, she's well deserved. She put her life on the line doing stunts back in Asia. She carries herself with class. No real scandals have come out. I mean, she stayed very good looking. She is a great actress.  So I guess we wanna get into a little bit more of the details about her background and kind of where she fits culturally in all this because I would say, David, it is interesting that she has leapfrogged or risen above all other Asian descent actresses to become this Asian queen of Hollywood. We have never seen something like this before. She is like the, what, Princess Diana? She's kind of the Beyonce of all this. Now, whether or not you think that she represents you because she's mostly of Chinese descent, regardless, she is the Asian queen of Hollywood right now. Like everybody almost has to like bow to her, it feels like. Yeah, I mean, I don't know if like that's the feeling within the Asian American community, but it certainly feels like the first person for the media type driven crowd.  You know, a lot of people that are second gen immigrants in America, they're just concerned with like them, their family, their life around them, maybe in their locale or their city that they're in. But yeah, if you're super tapped into like variety magazine, Andrew, Michelle Yeoh is the new Asian queen. And I think that a lot of people from like colonies in Asia really are the new thing. You know, even Bruce Lee was from a very Britishized Hong Kong. You know, Ronnie is from Malaysia. Andrew, even Uncle Roger leapfrogged all the Asian internet comedians and he's from Malaysia too. These are all like British, Indochina or French Indochina. I think we got to talk about this and we got to talk about how she being from Malaysia specifically or being kind of this westernized but Britishized, not necessarily Americanized Asian woman just becoming like the top of everything and why that is so appealing and so interesting to people because she has, she doesn't seem like she's actually an Asian American product. She is not from America. And I don't think she could have been raised in America. You know why? But you know what it is? I think a lot of people automatically associate being Western with being American but if you go internationally, a lot of people actually associate being Western with more being British. Yeah, I think, and this is one of the big aspects amongst everything else that we talked about which I want to go through real quick. It's like obviously her age, the fact that she's still performing at a high level. She's essentially Jackie Chan status now. She's multi-generational. Your parents know her, you know her now. You all appreciate her for different roles. You know that she's a very tough lady. She's put a body on the line. She's very classy. She's married a lot of rich guys but she's also been able to humble herself at the same time in many ways. You know what it kind of reminds me of? And if you guys follow MBA, you guys will get this. It reminds me of when Arvina Sabonis came into the MBA at 30 years old. Arvina Sabonis had been killing everybody internationally for 10 years but due to a dispute because Lithuania was part of the USSR, Russia was not allowing him to come to the MBA. So he basically had 10 years where he was a beast overseas averaging like 30 and 20 and dominating the Olympics but nobody in America knew what he could do. And when he came over, he was so well-rounded and I'll tell you this, if Arvina Sabonis who was the dad of Demata Sabonis by the way didn't have messed up knees, he would have became a Hall of Fame MBA player just based off MBA stats. It also reminds me of Luca. You know how Luca was like playing pro in Europe since he was like 12 or 13 years old? And then basically he came to America at like 1920 and people were like, whoa, this guy can do all of this? Where was I? And it's like, yeah, you just didn't know because the American eyes weren't trained on it. Right, right, right. But I do think that Michelle Yeo is unique in the sense that she's from a British colony, Malaysia and I think her Western attitude is not taken after an American actually. She's taking after like British people. Yeah because and I feel like British people because she grew up there for a number of years, I believe 15 to 22, like people identify with her. Yeah and I also want to say like, you know, when you see like the Uncle Rogers or everybody else that's from Malaysia or even Indonesia when you're talking about Rich Bryan, you know, these, yeah, these international kids who kind of are able that are super clever, they know multiple languages, they're kind of becoming the new Asian stars minus the K-pop stuff.  Yeah, it's almost like the Chinese stars are all coming from French or British Indochina and then the other side of the stars are all just coming from Korea. Yeah, because I think that there maybe is like growing up in America and I'll put it pretty bluntly, sometimes you're raised up and you're viewed as like a second rate version of a white or black American. Right, you say depending on how you organically or made a concerted effort to shape your identity after one of the two heritage groups. Yeah, exactly, you essentially become some version of them or that's how you're viewed at least. While these people coming from Asia but a westernized, Britishized country in Asia, it's almost like something totally different and it's something that's classy, it's interesting, they have an outside perspective, they're secure in their identity, they know that they're Asian, they know where they're from. Also, they're not from, for example, like mainland China, which is very controversial right now and probably will be somewhat controversial for the next couple of decades. It's like they are from this like part of Asia that is like not... I think it's had multi-generational contact with the West and they've already sort of decided how much they wanna let in and how much traditional culture they wanna maintain. They're sort of like settled into their mix. I'll be honest guys, she's more like probably as a person in both good and bad ways, more like the mother that she played in crazy rich Asians than she is the mother that she played in everything, everywhere, all at once. Right, which was more of a, I guess an Asian-American struggle, right? Right, but I mean, all aside guys, I think we can all agree Michelle Yeo deserves it. Yeah, she deserves her flowers. Bro, if you see the work that she put in in the past decades, it's incredible. So I mean- I think it's crazy to see somebody that I remember hearing about like since I was almost like a baby and then it kind of leaves out of your mind for like 20, 30 years or maybe like realistically 20 years and then it comes all the way back in at a 10 out of 10 level. And you know what's another point that reason why that she couldn't be from the Western world fully, like she couldn't be from America, because she wouldn't have got that many reps in America. She made so many movies and got to build her status over there because in Asia, the stars are Asian. Versus over here, she might've, even if she won a couple pageants at a young age, she might've got shelved or shoved into these certain roles that were not like A level roles, not even B level roles, right? She could have got shelved into some C level roles. She definitely would not have been able to maintain like the prestige lane. She would have had to play in some national lampoon or like, you know, like fratty, sort of like low end things because obviously if you guys understand about demographics in America, the low end in America actually drives a lot of consumption and has a lot more money than the low end in like another country because America is just rich all around. But yeah, I mean, A man, shout out to Michelle. Yo, there's so many takeaways to get into this. If you guys really understand like demographics and like market pools and stuff like that. But, you know, we'll save those things for another day. Anyway, I hope Michelle, yo, I hope Ki-Hook, Huey Kwan wins a bunch of Oscars. They deserve it. They've been putting in work, sharpening their skills outside of the limelight. And like we said, it's just like that Arvina Sabonis thing. They've been working. All right. Just outside of the eyeballs. Yo, shout out to Michelle, yo, the Arvina Sabonis. I mean, honestly, she's beyond Arvina Sabonis. With more fresh air. She's like what Luca is gonna end up being probably. All right, so, all right everybody. Thank you so much for watching. Let us know in the comments down below what you think, what do you think about? Could she have been an Asian American or obviously are there certain things in growing up as an American that like kind of might like hinder your growth or hinder the type of repetitions that you get out here? So I don't know. Let us know what you guys think about this video if you found it interesting. Anyways, this was our breakdown about the Asian queen, Michelle, yo. All right, you guys, let us know in the comment section below. Until next time with the Hop Hop Boys, we out. Peace.


Income tax 2021-2022, business income part number three. Get ready to get refunds to the max, diving into income tax 2021-2022. Most of this information can be found in Publication 334, Tax Guide for Small Business Tax Year 2021, looking at the income tax formula line number one, income. Although there would be a sub-schedule, basically an income statement, income and expenses, the expenses basically be in deductions. The net then flowing in to line one income of the income tax formula and page one of the form 1040. We see here where we would have the schedule C, the net flowing into schedule one, then flowing into the first page of the form 1040 line number eight, which we see here. Here is the schedule C, basically an income statement, income and expenses. We're kind of looking at the income side at this point continuing on with it. So now we've got the real estate rent, real estate rents. If you are a real estate dealer who receives income from renting real property or an owner of a hotel, motel, etc. who provides services like maid services for guests, report the rental income and expenses on schedule C. Now, the reason this is kind of important is because you got to distinguish between a schedule C that you would be reporting the rental income on and a schedule E. You might ask, what's the difference between these two schedules? Because they both look like sub-schedules that are basically income statements for some kind of business that have income and expenses, the net of which the bottom line flows in some way, ultimately to the first page of the form 1040. But there's a couple differences involved here as to whether you be on a schedule C or a schedule E. If it's on a schedule E, you could be subject to like passive activity rules where the IRS is mainly concerned, for example, with people that are well off people, for example, that might have a second property that they rent out and especially they're concerned with those losses. So if they have the losses, then that you could restrict, they might have some passive activity rules that restrict the amount of losses they can take against other incomes. So that's one concern. And we also could have like self-employment could be a concern as well, whether something be subject to self-employment. So if it's on schedule C, then it's subject to the self-employment taxes, but may not be subject to, it's not going to be having the passive activity kind of rules that may more likely be subject to if it was on the schedule E. So that's going to be the general idea. So if you are not a real estate dealer or the kind of owner described in the preceding sentence, report the rental income and expenses on the schedule E. So for more information, see Publication 527, residential rental property. So if it was residential rental property like someone's second home that they're renting out or something like that, more likely that you would have the schedule E that would be used. And if you fall into this specific category, if you are a real estate dealer who receives income from renting real property or an owner of a hotel or motel, then more likely that you should be using the schedule C's. So what then is a real estate dealer? You are a real estate dealer if you are engaged in the business of selling real estate to customers with the purpose of making a profit from those sales. Rent you receive from real estate held for sale to customers is subject to self-employment tax. However, rent you receive from real estate held for a speculative or investment is not subject to the self-employment tax. So then we've got the trailer park owner. Rental income from a trailer park is subject to the self-employment tax if you are a self-employed trailer park owner who provides trailer lots and facilities and substantial services for the convenience of your tenants. You are generally considered to provide substantial services for tenants if they are primarily for the tenant's convenience and are not normally provided to maintain the lots in a condition for occupancy. So now you've got this distinction of the services that are going to be provided. Services are substantial if the compensation for the services makes up a material part of the tenant's rental payments. Examples of services that are not normally provided for tenants convenience include supervising and maintaining a recreational hall provided by the park distributing a monthly newsletter to tenants operating a laundry facility and helping tenants buy or sell their trailers. Examples of services that are normally provided to maintain the lots in a condition for tenant occupancy include cities, sewage, electrical connections and roadways. So hotels, bordering houses and apartments. So remember if they're a hotel then you would think that that would generally be something on the schedule C but you can imagine kind of gray areas as to whether something be categorized as a hotel or not. So rental income you receive for the use or occupancy of hotels, bordering houses or apartment houses is subject to self-employment tax if you provide services for the occupants. Generally you are considered to provide services for the occupants if the services are primarily for the convenience and are not services normally provided with the rental of rooms for occupancy only. So if you're providing more services than that then you're kind of acting like a hotel is like the general concept here and therefore subject to possibly the self-employment in the schedule C. An example of the service that is not normally provided for the convenience of the occupants is made service. However, provided heat and light, cleaning, stairways and lobbies and collecting trash are services normally provided for the occupants convenience. So we got prepaid rent. So if you got a rental type of situation, you got the prepayment kind of situation where the IRS, remember you can kind of be on a cash basis. You might choose a cash basis or an accrual basis that we talked about before. If you got rent in advance before they actually used the rental property, they gave you the money before they actually were using the place, you would think that on an accrual method, you would then not record it as income when you receive the money but when they use the facilities. But the idea here is that the IRS might want you to record it as income because you already got the cash. So then there could be a deviation from your normal accounting standard to be in alignment with the tax law. So advanced payments received under a lease that does not put any restriction on their use or enjoyment or income in the year you receive them. So that could be a deviation from your accrual accounting. So if you were using accrual accounting not cash accounting and you got prepayments, then normally you'd have to record them as unearned revenue until you actually provided the services, the use of whatever the rental property is. But the IRS might say, hey, if you don't have any restrictions to use in the money, then we want a piece of it. This is generally true no matter what accounting method or period you use. Obviously if you use a cash method, then you would record it in cash anyways because you receive the cash on a cash method. If it was an accrual method, then you could have a difference. So lease bonus. A bonus you receive from a lease for granting a lease is in addition to the rent. Include it in your gross receipts in the year received. Then you got the lease cancellation payment. Report payments you receive from your lease for canceling a lease in your gross receipts in the year received. So we got the payments to third parties. If your lease E makes payments to someone else under an agreement to pay your debts or obligations, include the payment in your gross receipts when the lease makes the payment. So like if they pay someone else as part of instead of paying the payment directly to. So in other words, if the payment, you can imagine the payment going to the landlord, the landlord then paying somebody else. But if they then take the money and they pay the contractor directly, for example, then it would still be payment. You'd think of it similar to like the first scenario. So a common example of this kind of income is a leasee's payment of your property taxes on the leased real property. Settlement payments. A payment you receive in settlement of a leasee's obligation to restore the lease property to its original condition or income in the amount that the payment exceeds the adjusted basis of the leasehold improvements, destroyed damage removed or disconnected by the leasee. Personal property rents. If you are in the business of renting personal property equipment, vehicles, formal wear, for example, include the rental amount you receive in your gross receipts on Schedule C. So that'd be another kind of rental thing. You're renting tuxedos or something like that. That would be the Schedule C business as opposed to a Schedule E. So prepare rent and other payments described in the preceding real estate rents discussed can also be received from renting personal property. If you receive any of these payments include them in your gross receipts as explained in that discussion.


Manta and devil rays, mobulates, are filter feeding elasmabranchs that aggregate in large numbers for various reasons, such as socializing, feeding, courtship and mating, predation avoidance, cleaning, and thermoregulation. These aggregations can be threatened by fisheries, tourism, and climate change, and require further research into the drivers and environmental factors that trigger them. This article was authored by Marta de Palacios, Marta de Palacios, Marta de Palacios, and others.


I feel like it's so crucial not to underestimate people with disabilities because we can never guess what's inside. And there are students who have such potentials and students who might make a little progress that makes a big life change. And I think we can't know that even though this student didn't learn to read, because I've tried to help him learn to read, he developed just this joy of story listening. And that enriched his life because we tried to write, we built his vocabulary. And so now he understands more things we talk about. He never became a writer, but his life was enriched in the trying. And so we can't underestimate and we can't stop trying because we just never know where this journey is going to take us. And we never know what we're going to find along the way that we never expected. It takes us in a different direction sometimes and we didn't get to Banff. But we found this other place that was pretty darn neat. So keep trying and you'll get somewhere cool and you will have progress even if it wasn't exactly what you're expecting.


Coming from a developer background there's so many misconceptions and myths about SEO that developers come up with or have heard or That come from the SEO world as well. Where do these come from? Well, how do these get into the world the myths the legends that come through about JavaScripts? I think a lot of it is people with very good intentions will try to provide the information they have available and there's a gap in translation between The SEOs and the developers and how they think and what they consider So by going ahead and adopting is acceptance criteria as part of my tickets when I work with devs That lets them know very specifically instead of being like and I want you to make magic for me When you go from give me magic to hey, here's my user story I would like to accomplish three pieces for acceptance criteria. You can bridge a gap Hello and welcome to another episode of SEO myth busting With me today is Jamie albarico. Jamie. What do you do in your job? Exactly? Thank you so much for having me here. I'm a technical SEO with error electronics And that means that I am embedded with a number of dead teams across a number of projects And we try to execute these initiatives to get new Features available on the site in an effective and search-friendly way And that means a lot of times we have to have conversations about how we're using our java script Having you here is fantastic because then we can have a conversation about pretty much everything that you want to know from the search side as well as the web developer side, so Any questions that you have in mind anything like pops into your mind. Oh, so many questions I get to poke I get to poke the black box of google here and I have one that's absolutely burning Is javascript the devil? Oh, that's a fantastic question. Um, it might seem that way Sometimes especially when things are not going the way you want it. You see the horror stories They're on forums or they're on twitter. Everything is gone. Yeah, that that's one thing that's the SEO side on the developer side Is also like oh, it's a language that wasn't designed to be like super resilient But it actually is and then a lot of people are oh, it's a seas type language and it's not really It's a lifts type language. So like a lot of misconceptions coming from both worlds together and clashing here I don't think it is the devil I think it has its benefits I mean it allows us to to build really cool and and fantastic stuff on the web and be really responsive to what the user does and wants To do with our applications and it has moved from it has moved the web from becoming or being a Document platform towards an application platform and I think that's fantastic So I think we are already pushing hard on Fighting this javascript is the devil and if you use javascript, we can't be next at all So that's not true for for a long time But I think now the documentation is catching up with like outlining the different Bits and pieces that you should be aware of and the features that you have to deal with that are not available One thing for instance is you probably have built signal page applications, right? Oh, yes Has there been problems in terms of seo when they rolled out? I was pretty lucky. I had a dev team who believed in seo. That's good. That's really good That was actually my the big moment of my career when I only got under technical seo And I came and I talked to one of my new developers for the first time with this very specific problem I was trying to solve and you just paused and looked up from his keyboard. I went you're not snake oil So I think we're making a lot of progress between seo's and devs to go That is fantastic. That's a great story So you might hear a few people in in the community going like, oh, should we do a single page application? Is that risky? And one of the things that a bunch of developers are not aware of and some seos are not necessarily communicating all the time is That we are stateless. So that means with a single page application You have a bit of an application state, right? You know which page you're looking at and how you transition between these pages However, when a search user clicks on a search result, they are not having this application state They're jumping in right to the page that we indexed. So we only index pages that can be jumped right into So a lot of the technology at JavaScript technology is making assumptions of how The user navigates to the application. So like the developer as a developer in my test So, okay, here's my application. I click on the main navigation for this particular page and then I click on this product And then I see and everything works But that might not do the trick because you need that unique url It has to be something we can get to correct not using a hash url And also the server needs to be able to serve that right away If I if I do this journey And then basically take this url and copy and paste it into an incognito browser I want people to see the content that not the home page and not a four four page So that's something that we're working on giving more guidance for lazy loading You probably have seen a bunch of communication about that one as well. Yes How do we how do we get a rich media experience out to users? But do it in a way where if you're on your cell phone We we keep that very small time frame. We have to get your attention Correct, and you want to make sure that if you have a long list of content you don't Bring everything into the especially on the cell phone right just dealing with like 100 images But what about a jacks? What about using asynchronous javascript and xml? Right, right. That is perfect. Oh I haven't I haven't heard a jacks being used in a while and it's spelled out in a while I think a lot of everyone's using it, but no one's talking about it that much It was just like yeah, you just load data in as you go. That's perfectly fine We are able to do that Also, I often get asked about how that Affects the crawl budget. I knew that you would crawl budget. Let's talk. So what worries you about that? Well, if we're using ajax, let me request say a product detail page And we are using ajax to supplement a lot of pieces of content to it Googlebot's requested one URL and it's gotten back nine Because each of those ajax calls had a unique string How do we handle that and does it negatively impact our crawl budget? So I wouldn't say it negatively impacts your crawl budget because crawl budget is much more complex than you might see It's one of these things that looks like super simple, but there's more than meets the eye We're doing a bunch of caching right because we expect that content doesn't necessarily like update too much so Let's say you have this product page you make one request to the product page and then that makes nine more requests We don't make it we don't distinct between like during the css or the javascript or the images or the api calls That get you the product details. So if you have nine calls From this one page load, then that's going to be 10 in the crawl budget, but Because of caching we might have some of these in the cache already So if we have something that is already cached that doesn't count towards your crawl budget So if we were to version our ajax calls, yes, those could be cached instead of calling every time Cached exactly. Yes, and then that's that's one way of working around it if you can do that if that's a possibility The other thing is you could also consider it not just an issue for The crawl budget But also an issue for the user right because if you're on a slow network or spotty network connection It might flake out in the middle and then you are You're left with broken content. That's not a great user experience You want to probably think about like pre rendering or hybrid rendering or server side rendering Anything in between there and crawl budget is tricky generally because we're trying to deal with the host load situation So what can your servers actually deal with so we are constantly adjusting that anyways? So it's like, oh, this affected our crawl budget negatively Not really because we just like had host load issues with your server. So we like adjusted it anyways or we had Balancing issues across your entire content. So I wouldn't say that it's not much of a deal Normally speaking, but I see that it's a very important for for people to understand that and unfortunately, that's not that easy Can we demystify googlebot a little bit? Oh, yeah, we have this The ominous the great the googlebot But it actually goes through a series of Actions so we get that initial html paris We find the javascript and css that we need to go ahead to make our content Then call those pieces. We know since google io There's actually a gap between our initial paris and our html rendering But I want to know more because googlebot follows html html five protocols. Yes, there's some nuances there I don't think I know I didn't know about Where say you've got an iframe in your head and you've got a closing head script right there That ends your head for googlebot and all of our lovely meta content are hreflangs and canonicals below that Have a tendency to exist That is true. Um, there is a bunch of things at play So when we say googlebot what we actually mean on the other side of the curtain is a lot of moving parts So, um, there's the crawling bit that literally takes in URLs, right? And then fetches them from the server that so that when you are providing the content to us We get like the raw html that tells us about the css the javascript And the images that we we need to get and also the links in the initial html Because we have that already we have such a Wealth of information already we can then start to like go off and fetch the javascript and everything that we need to render later on But we can also already use the html that we've got and say like oh look There's links in here that need to be crawled So when you have links in your initial html, we can go off and basically start the same process for these URLs as well So a lot of things happen in parallel rather than just like one step and then the next step and then the next step So this is definitely the start of it And as we get the html in parallel to extracting the links and then crawling these we queue them for rendering So we can't index before we have rendered it because a bunch of content needs to be to be rendered first Um, but in a way that benefits us if we've got a single-page application We now Googlebot has the template they just got to grab the content that fits within there Yeah, so wouldn't that mean that googlebot likes These javascript platforms like that if if the more content you get us Quickly in the first step in the crawling step the better it is because we can then basically Carry that information over rather than having to wait for the rendering to happen. That is pre-render always the best solution I That's a tricky one I think most of the time it is because it has benefits for the user on top of just the crawlers, but You have to very carefully measure what you're doing there. I think so Giving more content over is always a great thing That doesn't mean that you should always give us a page with a bazillion images right away because that's just not going to be good for the users Because they're going to have to then if you if you're on a really old phone And I have a pretty old phone and you have a page that is full of images and transitions and stuff then you're like I can't use this website So pre-rendering is not always a great idea. It should be always a mix Between getting as much crucial content in as possible But then figuring out which content you can load lazily in the end of it So for scos that would be you know, we we know that different queries are different intense informational transactional So elements critical to that intent should really be in that initial part Exactly, and you might consider if if the intents are wildly different And the content is very very different consider making it into multiple pages or at least multiple Views if you're using a single page application so that you have an entry point for the crawler to specifically point at it when When it comes to surfacing the search result So treat it like a hub and let the users branch out from there. Yes. So that's where we'd use Maybe our css toggle for visibility. That is a possibility Just having different urls is always an option, especially with the history api you can probably In the single page application figure out which route to display and then like have the content separated between different routes Or or be a little more dynamic there. We support parameters. So even if you use url parameters Basically expose the state that is relevant to the user in the url What other ways does that benefit our users because there are ultimate goals to make them happy? Yeah, and that's our ultimate. So like we are we are the same in terms of what our goal is We both want to serve as useful information to the user as quickly as possible So the user's benefits are especially if you do like hybrid rendering or the server side rendering That they get the content really quick normally if it's done. Well, if it's not overloading their device Um, and they get to jump in right where the meaty bits are right So if I'm looking for some specific thing and you give me a url that I can use to go to that specific thing I'm right there and I'll have a great time because it's the content that I needed So yeah, if you have performance metrics going up as well Then even if I'm on a slow phone on a really spotty network, I still get there I mean our performance metrics that's based on a lot of pieces. We have a stack of technology That is true What should seos look for in our stack? Where should we try to identify those areas where we could have a better experience for not just google bop at our humans? Yeah, so I think A bit that is oftentimes overlooked not by seos, but by businesses and developers is the content part So you want to make sure that the content is what the users need and want and it's written in a way that helps them But on the technology side wait, so that blurb at the top people always do where they're like Here's my hero image and then 500 words about this thing and I'm a human who wants to buy something and there's so much stuff in the way Yeah Don't do it Or at least like have two pages have like the promotional page that you want to direct marketing towards and then If I specifically look for your product, just give me your product. Just let me let me give you money So I think uh Talking about performance and all the different metrics is a bit of a blend of all the things like Look at when does my my content actually arrive when does my page become responsive? So you look at first content full paint you look at time to first bite as well Less important than the first content full paint I would say because it's fine if it takes a little longer if then the content is all there versus So trying to first bite can take a bit of a hit. Yeah, if we deliver that faster First meaningful pain exactly because in the in the end as a user I don't care about if the first bite has arrived quicker if I'm still looking at a blank page because JavaScript is executing or something is blocking a resource If it if it arrives a little later, but then it's right there That's fantastic, right? And you can get there in multiple ways. I highly recommend testing testing testing testing What testing tools would you recommend? So I definitely recommend lighthouse. That's a great way web hint is a more More broad approach as well. And uh, you could also use page speed insights or the new seo audits in lighthouse Um, mobile friendly test also gives you a bunch of information page speed insights Just look at that full page though. Mm-hmm. And we have a bit of a bit of a gap. We have almost this futurist Lighthouse where we want that time to interactive and then we have people adopt this this methodology And that's how we got, you know, so much contact via Ajax because full page like this fast But all that content was still coming I would recommend lighthouse that gives you like the film strip view of when things are actually ready for the user to work with So I would highly recommend looking at lighthouse, but page speed inside gives you a good like first First view over and it integrates with lighthouse really nicely now So wonderful. Do you think that javascript and seo can be fans now and that developers and seos can also work together? I do. I really think that uh, you know, if google is a library and a web page is a book Using these javascript frameworks. Let us make pop-up books and written experiences to engage with. Oh, that's a fantastic Analogy, I love that image. That's a that's a beautiful one. Thank you so much. Thank you very much And I hope you enjoyed it and see you next time Have you ever wondered where on the map you should put ux and performance when you're talking about seo? So have I let's find out in the next seo muthbusting episode


So, hi guys, let me introduce myself. My name is Nadia Rahma Prativi, you can call me Nadia. I'm from Indonesia, 21 years old, and currently in the final year studies of international finance and accounting. Let me give you a tour of my academy, School of Finance and Accounting, or can be also known as Academy of Finance, Finance, Economy and Management. So, first up is the Habe Theater, Hari Banning Theater. It's like a really large auditorium used for introductions or other events, I guess. And moving on, right here we have some classrooms. There's a lot of computer rooms, typical classroom with tables and chairs and whiteboards and smartboards. I think there's about six classrooms over here, and you can use the rest of the academy for other purposes of classrooms. So, we're still in the hallway, and these are the offices. The ones that you need to know is the offices for internship, internationalization of them, and also research and advisory office is over there. And this is the front office academy of them. If you ever need anything, any sort of info, you can always go to them. And the rest is basically public study rooms. You have sofas, orange sofas, and meeting places. Good for study. I use a lot here to spend nights. You can always study here until 9.30pm and on 10 o'clock they're going to close the entire building. And another orange sofa, you can use for studying. Over here you can find teacher's room. If you ever need to find your teachers, you can always go to these places. There's a big room. And next up is also a study place, but filled with a lot of computers, so you can always use it. And there's the biggest classroom of all in them and today. In such cases, for FEM Davis, it's a bit different. They're a bit smaller, but more or less they have the same rooms. And these are the small studio rooms. It's for studying as well, but less noise and more privacy. There are six rooms of these in FEM. The rest is basically a great place for studying, I guess. There's not much I can show you around FEM because that's all there is to it. Okay, I'm going to show you the last study place that you can find in FEM. Tada! There's a lot of chairs and so on. So that's all for FEM, I guess. There's not much more rooms that I can show you. And I hope you'll get into FEM and join us for finance and accounting. So see you someday, I guess. Bye!


I don't think that I'm alone in feeling this way even though I feel alone in feeling this way and so I'm putting a message in a bottle and casting it out into the internet ocean and hoping that it resonates with someone else out there. Hello my beautiful internet friends! Welcome back to a late-night video where I should be sleeping but I'm not because I need to make sense of some things in my head that I haven't been putting into words and one of the best ways for me to do that is to try to make it make sense for other people. So thanks for being a part of this process by listening to this video. I found out a while ago that when I try to make my feelings and my brain into words that might make sense to someone else I pick up pieces that make sense to me too and things need to make more sense right now. I feel like there are a lot of things that I haven't said that I normally would like even just to myself let alone to the people in my life or to you because I feel such a sense of shame about them. By the way it's my rats making noise in the background this is going to be a rat noisy video and there's nothing we can do about it. They're having a good time I'm gonna let them have a good time. Ever since I got my new prosthetic leg after this second amputation I feel like I said this like 20 times it's been a roller coaster right like emotions are up and down and some days are good some days you know I can't use it it's just all over the place but one thing that has stayed consistent is I feel this incredible pressure to be positive about it to like not even for anyone else not for a camera not for anybody else but for me to focus on the positives and like look at I'm finally moving forward and look what I can do and I'm able to walk some days and look at this forward movement this is what I've wanted for so long. I feel so much internal pressure to not feel anything negative which when I put that into words I feel silly saying because I talk against that stuff often. I feel like I feel like there isn't room for me to have a hard time because there are so many cool movements because there's so much movement forward but if not for me at least for anybody else out there who's going through the same process this is like so much harder than anyone could have told me than anyone could have expressed to me then I can tell anyone right now I think there's this expectation or at least maybe I created it that my leg was taken away and then I went through a lot of unexpected stuff with second surgeries and then a second amputation and now I have it back obviously not you know something that's never going to be as good as as my meat leg this is what I want it right this is why I had the amputation the first place I'm able to walk upstairs and I can walk hands-free for brief periods of time and yes it's painful and yes it's confusing and yes it's like a process still but this is what I wanted I'm moving forward like I feel like there's so much pressure to be like here you made it you have it this is this is it okay you got what you wanted but there's so many things in life I would say the vast majority of things in life that are temporary even things we don't think are temporary what I've been in the darkest places in my life I was convinced I would never feel different ever convinced and I mean literally convinced I would never feel different and I did like I got through that I got to a different place I think there's so much value in recognizing that things are temporary my dad has a saying I've told it to you guys before that you can do anything temporarily like you can work a totally shit job for a little while you can be in a bad situation for a little while you know you can do anything temporarily but when things are permanent it's a little harder to deal with this is permanent I hate talking about this I hate putting into words and not like I hate it so I shouldn't do it it's I hate it so I really should otherwise I'm just burying it in the depths of my mind where it becomes very unhealthy thinking as I'm learning to walk as I'm putting on my prosthetic in the morning and going through all of the steps that that takes and taking it on and taking it off when it gets too much during the day or adding another layer of socks and trying to figure out how to make my freaking clothes work with that and yeah there are solutions but all of them take time and money and energy and realizing that this is literally forever and yes it will become a new normal and yes I would get used to it like this is literally the rest of my life there is no growing a leg back this is literally forever in simple language it hurts that this has been my life that since I was a kid I've had to deal with this in one form or another and that hurts and that makes me really sad I feel like I've done an extraordinarily good job for so many years shielding myself from the knowledge that this really is my life and I don't mean like my entire life or the entirety of anything but like this is my life because there was always like another thing there was always maybe another surgery or a procedure or we just need to give it a few months and see what happens or whatever when I had my ankle there's a way to trick my brain into being like it's temporary it's temporary it's temporary it's gonna be fine it's gonna work out and I think I was able to compartmentalize things really well into not thinking of my life like it actually was to like separating myself from the reality that I lived a very disabled life I never thought of myself in that light but now that this is permanent I feel like I'm feeling all of that pain I'm feeling the loss of what life could have been if I never fell off the horse and I feel like when I say that a lot of people will think how pointless it is to think of like what ifs because that's not life and to some extent that's true but I feel like I'm grieving the last 16 years of my life and the things that have hurt because of it and been damaged because of it like I've said before I see a lot of people's highlight reels I see a lot of other amputees doing so many cool things and being so excited about it and and I know I know that in reality things are not easy for them either I know that in reality they probably have similar moments to this but I feel so weird and wrong and like fundamentally broken for not just being happy about this just to be clear there's absolutely nothing wrong with posting things you're excited about that's awesome it just means like it's one of the reasons why I wanted to make this video especially at this point where things are going well and I'm moving forward is to acknowledge the fact that it doesn't mean that it's suddenly all sunshine doesn't mean that things are fixed it just means that I feel like I have a shot at finding a new normal now which I'm grateful for I don't know how to do this I don't know how I am doing this I don't know how anyone does this but it's like anything else in life where you just keep going to bed and waking up and you figure it the frick out maybe part of it is I legitimately just want to be happy I just want to be excited about the exciting things and not have it tainted or polluted by the heartbreak that I feel and the grief that I feel I almost get to the point where I feel physically unwell before I post videos like this I talk myself out of it and I talk myself into it enough to actually hit the go public button and generally what happens is I am convinced everyone's going to tell me that I'm ungrateful and dumb and emotional and I should pull it together and things that no one says and then what actually happens is I receive a ridiculous amount of beautiful support and more than that so many people saying they felt the same things so on the off chance that you felt similar things in your life regardless of what the circumstances were because I certainly don't think you have to be dealing with amputation to experience any of the things that I've talked about know that there's more than one of you out there feeling that same way I don't think that I'm alone in feeling this way even though I feel alone in feeling this way and so I'm putting a message in a bottle and casting it out into the internet ocean and hoping that it resonates with someone else out there I know I'm up to this task I know that I can do this I know I'll find a way through I know I'm a very resilient person and I make choices to persevere and I still will I always will but along with that this is one of the most bizarre experiences of my life and I don't know what I'm doing and I feel so lost and I'm not sure how I'm gonna get through it or what life is gonna look like and I'm scared and sad and by putting all this into words I think that's one step closer to me maybe allowing myself to feel the sadness so it can run its course and say what it needs to say and then go on its merry way if you've made it this far thank you for listening there's a saying I joke around with my friends a lot whatever we're doing where I say onward to victory so onward to victory my friends I love you guys I'm thinking of you and I will see you in the next video bye guys