Our host, Susan Barger, go ahead Susan. Hi everyone. I want to welcome you back to the second session. I have a few things to go over just to remind you about the different components on the education interface. I want to particularly show you that this is where the assignments are. But you can find the live webinars, which you already have. If you want to listen to the recording, you can find it down here. The handouts are here. And if you have any questions, you can post them there. And when you submit your assignment, when you click on that assignment thing, you can upload a file.  You can upload a file at one. You can click on this section where it says two, and then that will allow you to upload. And you should make sure that if you are submitting an assignment for week one, two, three, or four, that you submit it in the correct week. Last time somebody submitted something in week two. And I'll have to do some changing around when they try to submit in week two again. But that's what you should do. And also please put your name on your homework. That helps us. If you need to reset your course password, you should contact info at culturalheritage.org. If you have questions for me, this is my email address, b2ccatculturalheritage.org. If you have questions about the course content, you should put them in the discussion. And remember to receive the Credly badge for this course. You need to listen to all the webinars. You can listen to them live or the recording. You have to listen to them in order. So you can't skip around. You'll be blocked if you don't listen to them in order. And you need to do the assignments. And the recordings usually are posted within a day of the live webinar. If you have questions about concerning the care of your collections, you can join the Connecting to Collections Care Community. And you can follow us on Twitter and Facebook. These are the two webinars that are coming up at the end of October and in November. You can go to the Connecting to Collections Care Web site and sign up for them if you wish. Those are free. And I'm going to now turn this over to Gretchen. Remember if you have questions, I'll be watching for them to make sure they get answered. Gretchen, take it away. Okay. Hi, everyone. I hope you all had a good week. First, let me say that there were some technical difficulties. So for the people who have put assignments in, you had to do a workaround. But that's been fixed. So I will catch up on grading assignments over the next couple of days. Please get your assignments in. So today we're going to be talking about how to clean. Last week we were looking more at some overall strategies for preventive conservation. But so now we're going to move into really the meat of the course. And I'm having a... Oh, there we go. Okay. I also have a brand new keyboard and a brand new mouse. So I wasn't sure how I was going to do things. So as, first of all, a very brief reminder, we're talking about any number of agents of deterioration. Now, I've grayed out the ones that, yes, they're associated with housekeeping and cleaning, but they're less vital in the discussion for today. So mainly a lot we're going to talk about the direct physical forces and contaminants. Water will be a discussion point. A number of you who have already submitted assignments have talked about pest issues. And in my responses to your assignment, I will provide some recommendation for you to take a look at websites or other sources. And again, a little bit of review. We have three different levels at which we look at collections issues. And today we'll focus mostly on local and definitely on procedures. Your housekeeping methods are actually all falling to that procedures end. And of the five areas of the five actions, we're mostly going to be talking about response today. So first of all, I would like to move through this fairly quickly. I want to give you an idea of some of the supplies and equipment that would come in handy for what you're using and for your housekeeping. Soft claws are good, cotton claws. We used to always say cloth diapers, but as I was reviewing these slides, I realized they are not as readily available as they used to be. But soft cotton claws, preferably the ones that are less rinty are very good. Microfiber quads, which come in a whole variety of different textures. I have a whole set of microfiber quads with different surface textures. Some are smooth, some kind of look like terry claw. The whole range, they're great. Also terry claw is good. Again, it's a very absorbent cotton claw and paper towels as well. For dusters, do not use feather dusters. Feather dusters are actually very abrasive, so you don't want to use those. We have such a nice range of materials to choose from now and very easy and inexpensive to get. The microfiber ones are wonderful. Microfiber actually is designed to absorb dust, and it can be washed. That's one of the nice things about it. Your synthetic dusters are excellent. They're a little abrasive for something, but they're quite good. Again, they can be easily washed. Lamb's wool is very good. They have to be vacuumed. Do not wash them. You can get disposable flea that go over the microfiber or the synthetic or the lamb's wool. That will prevent the fibers on the dusters from catching in objects. Again, you don't want to use feather dusters, but all these others are quite good. It's very nice because you can get them with different lengths or expandable handles. You can actually get one that goes up 10 feet. Those get a little heavy and awkward, but if you have high ceilings, that comes in handy. Other supplies and equipment. This is very important. HEPA vacuum cleaners mean high efficiency particulate air filtration. A normal vacuum cleaner actually spews out almost 50% of the fine particles that it takes in. If you've ever noticed that after you vacuumed, you've got a lot of dust left behind you, that's why. A HEPA vacuum cleaner is an extremely important material. It's good both for health and safety and for control of dust. The one that I'm showing, this one's actually a fairly old one, is the Milfisk. Milfisk is one of the best. They're also quite expensive. There are others that come in a lot less expensive. You can also now buy HEPA filtration for many of your regular vacuum cleaners. You can get one with a rheostat. There's a little knob at the top that controls the amount of suction. So that it's safer for your objects. It's advisable. It isn't absolutely mandatory. You can get a floor model like this one or a backpack or one that you wear on your hip. So there's a whole lot of interesting and it's a very flexible system. There's a lot of vacuum tools ranging from the normal brushes that you get to very small micro tools. If possible, use softer rubber or plastic tools rather than the metal. You don't want to scratch anything. Also, buy and have one that works for the floors and one for objects. Separate those two. Microfiber dust mops are excellent. Again, you can wash the head. They're easy to come by and not very expensive. With dance mop, I prefer either the microfiber or the PDOH head, both of which you can get fairly easily. The PDOH, definitely you can get those from a cleaning supply company. Avoid string mops and sponge mops. They leave too much water behind and it's harder to control where the strings are. Also, avoid brooms. Brooms pick up more dust than they collect. Brushes and sponges. One of the best brushes to use are natural soft natural fiber. There are some paint brushes that are synthetic fiber but quite soft. That's okay. The other thing to do is collect a high variety of faces and sizes. You can use, you see the fan brushes in the photograph. Those you can get at a paint store or rather an art store or a craft store. They're very nice because they're small and easy to use and they get into little crevices. With sponges, there are a couple that are quite interesting. What's pictured are the foot sponges which are specially designed to absorb foot and grease and grime. They were designed originally for people who were cleaning up after fires. So they're right up our line. You can buy them in large tubes or you can do like I do and go the cheaper out. I looked online. I found places that sold ends. When they make the sponge, they have to cut it into the standard sponge size that's rectangular and cubic. I buy them the ends because I cut them up to use in small areas. Another thing you can get are called latex-free hydrophilic sponge. Those are very similar to the makeup sponges you can get at a drugstore or wherever you get that kind of stuff. The nice thing about those, if you can use them either wet or dry, if you use them wet, you can squeeze them out so they're just barely damp. The same can be said of a Mr. Queen eraser. Again, I tend to cut mine up so that they're very small and they are more abrasive than the latex-free hydrophilic. Sorry, I keep forgetting to advance it here. So there's a lot more tools. Cameras, now the nice thing is we all carry cameras with us on our cell phones so you can get photographs of damage. You want to document as much as possible. Preasers, bamboo skewers, cotton swab, and cotton. I like alpha knives because they're more flexible. A scissors is a good thing to have. Flashlight and or a headlamp. Rulers, that kind of thing. They're all very helpful to have in your kit. So here's some miscellaneous tools, other miscellaneous tools. The assignment is going to have you take a look at some erasers. The white vinyl erasers are ones we like to use. They have a little bit of solvent in them. It's a dry cleaning tool, but there's a little bit of solvent action. And you can sometimes get up some stubborn stains or dirt with a white eraser. The photovolves on the right, those are wonderful. You can push them and it gets dust out of little crevices. Dangerous tape, vacuum screens. Now you can make your own. You can also purchase them online through conservation stores. It's easy to make.  Now you will use these to vacuum through to help protect the objects that you're vacuuming. You can also see an array of brushes, the micro vacuuming tools, and there are the makeup sponges. And more supplies. Plexi cleaner. Glass or plexi cleaner. You can use a 50% solution half and half of water and alcohol to clean your plexi glass. Distilled water. Always use distilled water if you're going to use water at all. White vinegar is good. A bucket, water paper, or something to absorb stills with is always good to have on hand. Now your personal protective equipment. I recommend using nitro gloves or finger cots. The finger cots are kind of cool because they just slip on the tips of your fingers and you don't get quite so sweaty. That will protect both you and the object. A dust mask, if things are really dusty, you probably want to wear a paper dust mask, at the very least. And the lab coat or apron, if you're really concerned about getting your clothes dirty. Now it's nice to have a tool kit that you can just keep in place ready to grab and go. So in my institutions, I tend to do it on a cart because I can get to the majority of the places I need to go by elevators. You might want to use buckets or a box or a tool kit of some kind to keep your core tools clean. Now one thing I want to mention is that we always want to clean our tool after use. Don't let it go for a day or two. You clean your tools because you don't want to be spreading the dirt from one object to another and it will make your job easier. So now let's move into some techniques. But to begin with, it's good to know what dust is and where it's coming from. The large photograph is a microscopic view of dust. And in there, I've got granular pieces of sand and dirt, but look at all that fiber. The fibers are oftentimes, there's a lot of cotton in there and it's blue and I'm going to guess that it's probably blue G. The majority of our dust actually comes from our clothing. It's not just the dirt and the sand and the dust coming in from outside, but the more people we have coming through our museum, more people, yay, the more dust you're going to accumulate. I've actually been able to track the way people move through the museum by seeing where the accumulations of dust happen and how fast it happens. Now my colleague up on the upper right, we went to an off-site storage unit that we had and she started handling, she's from the mammals department. She started handling the specimens that were covered, thankfully covered, in foam and that's how much dirt came off of those objects. I'm in a huge, very, very dirty city that has been an industrial center for the last 200 years. There's a lot of soot and it rubs off and it rubs into your collection. It's extremely fine. Now in the bottom right, you're looking at actual grime. This is grime that has worked its way in through the fibers of this basket. That's harder to get out. So okay, here we're going to dust with a cloth. Now any one of those cloths that I mentioned will work. Both of these alt-tree here are microfiber and just by wiping, wiping down and up, you can remove a lot of the dust. When it starts getting really dirty, you want to change over, either use a different side or get a fresh cloth because after seeing that picture of dirt and dust in the previous slide, you see how much is abrasive in dust. Here's dusting with a duster and here we are using a number of mostly wool dusters. The smaller dusters you can get on the inside. Now yes, we're dusting fossil. For those of you who aren't used to working with natural history collections, you might be surprised at how fragile these bones are. They're very, very fragile. What I would do is use the duster and sort of go in a circle so that it comes up and picks up the dust that's inside or on top of the bones. You see that on the left. On the right, my assistant is using a swiffer.  Swifters are great. Unfortunately, they are disposable, so you'd have to balance that. I really like swifters for cleaning around objects because they're so light. Now, on the bottom right, my assistant has wrapped a microfiber cloth around the tip of her duster.  It's a handy little way to do it. So be creative as you move forward. Now dusting with a brush, I joke about it because I say it's all in the flick of your wrist.  And as I warned you, most of my examples are going to be of natural history items. But the same works on, well, it works on fabrics whether they're attached to a bird or a handdress. It works on fibers, on textile. It's a very handy way to do it. Always brush within the direction of the grain. If it's on a feather, you dust along the direction of the feather veins. Now, there's a couple more techniques getting into very, very, either very tight areas or in this case, I'm using an extended handle to get my duster up on the full of that triceratops. That way I didn't have to carry in a ladder. All right, now oftentimes you'll want to brush the combination of the vacuum.  There are two ways of using a screen. One way is the way it is shown here where I've actually wrapped the end of the vacuum cleaner, the end of the hose with the screen. Or you can use painter's tape. Very handy device. The other way is how my volunteer on the left side is vacuuming through a screen. You see she's taped the edge of the screen with blue painter's tape so it doesn't catch on the fibers. What she's doing is vacuuming a 150-year-old wool cape. And she's all decked out in her personal protective equipment because we tested this. This had a ton of arsenic on it so she doesn't want to kick that up into her face. So she's wearing her nitrile gloves and her dust mask. She's also wrapped the tip of the crevice tool so that it reduces even further any abrasion that might happen on the textile. And on the right, I've used some soft Velix fabric to wrap around my hose, my crevice tool, so that I could vacuum along the lines, or along the grain of the very fragile fur that's on this specimen. Now there's two areas that you don't want to forget about. You don't want to forget about your floor and you don't want to forget about your ceiling. On the left, all that dust has come through the environmental system and the positive actually stuck to the top of the air vent. My assistant on the right, I get a lot of assistance because most of them are volunteers and they only stay with me for a year. She is carefully vacuuming around the specimens. That tip probably weighs about 110 pounds, so we were not about to pick it up. With a soap sponge, these are really cool, especially if you have very dirty environments. They pick up, as I said before, they're designed to absorb really fine particles. They're great at home because you can use them to clean off the foot in the kitchen or oily, greasy dirt. In this situation, both of these situations, we have cut them up in very small pieces. We're removing foot that was deposited by air pollution for over hundreds of years or over 150 years here. It starts out white, like on the left, and the more soot that you remove, it just absorbs that soot. We also tweeze. This is a good way to get mint off of something or if you have insect infestation, you can literally go through and pick the debris or the dead insects out of the cloth. Here's a photovol being used. There are times when having just a little bit of air poofed on something works really, really well. The gem that the very large geodes that's up on the left tends to get a lot of dust caught inside the crevices. I use the photovol directly at the piece to poof to dislodge the dust. On the right, my assistant is using it to get the dust that has really settled into the crevices of this landscape. Alright, we've been talking about dry cleaning methods. How about water? I would recommend that you use water as little as possible. It can cause serious damage to your object, and I will be talking about cleaning silver in a moment. First of all, water is a solvent. It's one of the most universal solvents. The way a washing machine works, or hand washing, is you combine the water with mechanical action. The mechanical action dislodges the dirt that's in the fabric, and the water lifts it up. Now we add soaps and detergents because they defend the soil and help prevent it from re-depositing. The soap or the surfactant also breaks the surface tension of the water, so whatever you are cleaning will get wet faster. So here's a recommendation, and this has to do with cleaning your dust cloth or anything you might put in a wash-up. Use about a quarter. Use about a quarter of what they recommend you use. So when they say you use a cup of soap or laundry detergent, technically that's what that is, you want to use about a quarter cup. That will actually be enough to clean the fabric you're putting in there. So I'm throwing around a couple of terms, and I want to define those. Soap is made from fatty acid and an alkali. It actually kills bacteria, but all soaps are fatty acids. A detergent is completely synthetic. So what we call laundry soap generally isn't laundry soap. It's actually a detergent. And a surfactant, that is just the saying that that's the physics and chemical action that reduces the surface tension of whatever liquid it's dissolved in. And you want that when you want your water to be working as efficiently as possible. So here are some of the dangers of water. First of all, we know it's not compatible with all materials. You don't want to use water on metals unless you get them really dry, really fast, otherwise they will corrode. For organic materials, things like wood and fabric, it can swell and shrink the material. Also we know that dyes run. So there's a lot of actions here that where you want to be very, very careful. In some cases, it will actually dissolve your material. Now, as you know, I work at a Natural History Museum. A lot of minerals are put through a washing solution. However, if you have salt, if you have mineral salt, it is going to go into solution very quickly. Adhesives also often either soften or are dissolved by water. So if something that you're cleaning has an adhesive on it or a coating on it like a varnish, the water can actually change the physical makeup of that material. So if you've ever noticed a ring left by a cup that was wet, a cup or a glass, then that ring is a reaction of either the wood surface or the coating on the surface with the water. I see Sharon mentioned she wants to know if you rub or pat with a sponge. You can do either. I usually use very small rubbing actions, but if the surface of your object is, you think it might be fragile, just pat. I actually saw that. I'm not paying much attention to the... See, I'm not paying attention. Go forward. So you want to use your water sparingly. Always use distilled water. Distilled or deionized water has all of the mineral aspects of the water pulled out. You can use it with the cotton sponge, with cotton swab, makeup sponges, a Mr. Clean sponge or a cloth. And here I am cleaning, doing some intense cleaning on an ivory sculpture, just removing using a damp cotton swab and rolling that swab over the surface of the object, not scrubbing. You generally don't want to scrub. So when you're doing it, you're dancing the swab with distilled water, and then you squeeze it or blot it to remove all your excess moisture, and you want to always use a light touch. If you're patting, don't push very hard. Just pat the surface. You do not want to leave water on that surface. With swabs, roll it, and never, ever rub, rub or push hard. That is a sure situation for developing more damp. Now, with water or any other solvent that you might be using, in some situations you might be using alcohol, you want to always test it. In an unobtrusive spot, you want to consistently watch, constantly watch for color being removed. If any color or something you think that should not be coming off is, then stop immediately. For surface damage, watch for softening, spend time looking for cracks or any movement in the object. Again, always test. This slide is mainly for emphasis. Now, we oftentimes have to clean plexiglass or glass, depending on what your cases are made out of if you have cases. You always want to dust first to remove the majority of the loose dust. You don't want to be scratching that dust along the surface of your glass or you plexiglass. Always, always spray the cloth, not the glass. If you spray the glass, the solution can dribble down and get into and underneath the edge of the glass. It could affect your objects that are inside the case. Always spray your cloth and have dry cloths that you can use to dry and buff the surface. Also, stick to one cleaner. Turns out that all the plexiglass cleaners, they all have slightly different compositions. They all work, but they have different compositions. Sometimes, because there's always a little bit left on the surface, if you use one plexiglass cleaner one week and another is on sale the next week, so you pick that up, you're going to end up getting a gooey mess. The chemicals will start interacting and it will cloud, literally cloud your plexiglass. The other thing is, do not ever, ever, ever use ammonia on plexi. Ammonia helps clean glass, but it chemically interacts with the plexiglass, totally different material, and will cause the plex to crave. After a while, you will begin to see these little spider-line webs of cracks in the surface of the plexiglass. You don't want to do that. If you are using an ammonia-based glass cleaner, make sure you're using it only on glass, not on plexiglass. One thing that works well on both glass and plexi is the 50% water, 50% alcohol. When you're inside of the case, if at all possible, you want to remove all the objects. It isn't always possible, but if you can do it. Then you dust, then you spray your cloth and clean the interiors. If you're not removing your objects, very carefully either dust or vacuum around them. Now, one nice little trick is to use painter's tape. If you've got like a fabric surface and there's lint on it, you can use a painter's tape to pull up the lint or the dust. I know you've all been waiting for this. Metals are very, very problematic. First of all, when you are cleaning metals, you are actually removing the top layer of the metal. If you're dealing with silver and you want to get rid of the tarnish, the tarnish is actually the outer layer of the metal that has oxidized and interacted with oxygen or other pollutants, and that is what causes the dark tarnish. As you are cleaning that, you are actually removing silver and you're opening the silver up to a fresh layer or a fresh option of oxidizing. So, polishing silver can be very damaging. And in particular, if you have silver plate, and I know someone mentioned in their collection, they're dealing with, I'm not sure if it was normally, but it was gilt material. Oftentimes, what silver plate or gilt does is they have the object underneath the outer coating of silver or gold or whatever is a base metal. It might be copper or brass. It could be lead. It could be any number of things that are cheaper metal, and they put the silver or the gold on top of it. Well, when you are polishing, you have a good chance of removing the gilt or the silver surface. Promise not to get too much into the chemistry of all this, but on the last, you see corrosion. There are, this is various kinds of pollutants that have interacted with metal coin. And I can tell you that there's copper in this because that's why that is green. The copper has interacted with oxygen, moisture, and probably other pollutants to cause that color green, and it actually can obscure the piece. It's literally, the chemicals are interacting with the metal and eating into it, destroying it. That piece also looks like it has a material called bronze disease, which is salt borides combined with the copper, and it's totally destructive. It's like rust. Once it gets going, you're going to have a hard time stopping it. Petina, on the other hand, is the surface coating that actually protects the object from other kinds of damage. And notice there are a number of you that are from art museums. You will experience this, especially when you're using bronze objects or other kinds of sculptures. But Petina can be natural or can be intentionally added with a lot of modern bronzes. They've done a patination, and that patination actually protects the metal that's underneath. You can look at tarnish as sort of a natural patina. Tarnish basically provides a coating on that silver and prevents some of the worst chemicals that are going to really corrode the silver. You attack it. So you need to be very careful. You want, when it comes to this level, you want to talk to a conservator. You do not want to take off anything that's going to cause that object to further deteriorate. I once worked with a bronze bowl that the only thing left, there was no pure copper left in that bowl. There's no metal. It was all the carbonate corrosion byproduct. The only reason we could see some of the design on it was because it was actually captured in the carbonate corrosion. There wasn't a whole lot we could do with that, but at least we still had it. So you have to be very careful. Now most coating products for silver or for most metals are either abrasives or a combination of liquid and abrasion. So here I ran some tests on some metals, just running, using whatever metal cleaning chemicals I could find on the off the shelf, off the grocery store shelf. So the metal, you can see those scratches on that metal. That was done, I bought some silverware and silver plates from an antique store, a junk store, and just ran tests on them. That scratching is from using a metal polish that contains both abrasives that contain the abrasives suspended in a paste. Like I said, this came right off the grocery store shelf. It removed both the corrosion and the patina and it left scratches on the surface. Probably could have done it without making the surface scratch, but like I said, I was running a test to see what would happen. On these, I used, these are identical spoons. And we used, I used a silver dip, again, tarnix or something along that line. And just to see what would happen, I didn't follow the instructions on the dip for most of them. And so the one on the top I left in for 48 hours, ooh, sorry, there's a typo there. The other one I left in for 12 hours. And the last one I dipped it and wiped it down and rinsed it off according to the direction. The silver actually got eaten up by the solution, the tarnix. It can literally weaken the structure and did all sorts of things chemically, really bad things through the piece. The top one, I bent it after I actually just took it in my hands and bent it, which is fairly hard to do with silver like this. You may have run into white crusty stuff in the crevices of your silver. This, basically that's polished residue. And if you leave it there, it can actually continue to eat in and abrade in through the silver. Now, it's still useful. If you took alcohol to clean it off and with a Q-tip sort of brush, sort of polish it off, you could remove most of that as well as polish your silver. Always test whatever you do to see how much it might work or how much damage it'll cause. Now, this silver spoon, again, I bought in my run to the antique junk store. So it's been treated badly for many, many years. So I didn't cause the scratches on that one.  And it worked. And so then I cleaned the whole thing. We want to avoid silver dips if possible. There are times when silver dips or metal dips are appropriate, but I advise you check with a conservator before you ever do that. Remember that abrasives scratch, and most of the paste or abrasives that you purchase are just that. They scratch the surface. So you want to test your methods to find out which is the least reactive. In cleaning silver, I think that's the last silver. Yeah, no, here. In cleaning silver, please research before you do anything. There is a Connecting to Collections Care webinar that's free that talks about cleaning silver. Go check that out. Also check out conservograms and some of the other resources that I've listed in your resources that will provide you with some direction. If you must clean, use alcohol, isopropyl alcohol. The stuff you commonly get is 70% on a cotton swab. That is probably the mildest thing you can do. You've got a little bit of the abrasive action with the cotton swab and the solvent action with the alcohol. You can also improve the look of your silver, especially once it's been cleaned once, by storing it in corrosion intercept, which is a coppery-looking plastic that you can get at conservation storehouses like university products, or silver cloth. Both of those products do is absorb the contaminants that are getting at your silver and making a tarnish. If you've ever seen a silver chest that has this dark cloth lining the silver chest, that is silver cloth. It will protect your silver from getting damaged. Before you go into cleaning anything, please remember to examine your object first. Look for frailties. If it's a wooden chest, look for slivers coming up or cracks. Look for paint or coatings that are cracked or lifted. You don't want to catch those and increase the damage. You want to be aware of your space. If you're using a vacuum cleaner, you're going to have a cord that comes along with it. You want to make sure that the cord doesn't get entangled in anything. Pest your cleaning method. Use a gentle touch. Keep the equipment clean, the equipment and the tools. And always, always call a conservator if in doubt. I haven't talked much about painting or frames. You can use a soft brush or a soft duster, going very lightly over the surface of the painting, as long as there aren't any paint chips coming up, as long as there's no lifting paint. You can do the same with even very ornate frames. But with the most ornate frames, or if it's painted or gilt, be very aware that your plombs or your brushes can catch on fragile parts. That's why you have to look very carefully before you start cleaning. Cleaning is actually a treatment. You're removing something that you don't want on the object from the object. There's no way that every museum can have a conservator do their cleaning. But if you can get practice at getting more aware of your objects and of what you are doing with them, you can clean safely and carefully. So, now what? Gather your tools. Put together a tool kit that makes sense for your institution. Be gentle. Manage your space. Work carefully. Observe what you're doing. And clean all of your tools that are done. Don't forget, you've got three levels at which you can reduce the amount of dust and dirt coming into your building. You can do it at the building level. You can do it at the local level. And you can use your procedures. They all affect the object. Your building, your procedures is the larger bit, but your building is the first line of defense. The feature building in good shape. Some of you have historic houses or historic structures. That is actually your largest object. Not just the furniture, the historic furniture that's inside. Remember your 10 agents and the actions that you can take. And I want to thank a whole bunch of people again. I use a lot of photographs and a lot of people who are my interns or assistants that end up being photographed. And all of... Oh, my. I don't know why that went strange, but it did. So... Did you put your... Yeah, they'll come up next. But do you want to answer questions before you talk about these? Sure. Sure. So the first question is from me. And what methods do you recommend for cleaning microfiber dusters? The microfiber dusters? Oh, my. We're getting echoed. Yeah, that's because of me. Oh, that's okay. I can accept that. Okay. Most microfiber dusters have removable heads. If they can be removed, wash them in the washing machine. Now, you're not going to use distilled water. That's impractical. But wash them along with the microfiber or cotton cloth. Like I said, use less soap than you would normally use because you want to make sure that all the soap is washed out of the fabric. Also run it through an extra rinse. If the microfiber cloth... Or the microfiber duster does not have a removable head, then vacuum it very, very well. Same as you would do with a wool duster. The synthetic dusters can be washed. Just wash them in the sink and clean them out, get rid of the majority of the dirt or dust. Does that answer? So Sharon Corey says, should you use only wool picks? No, thank you for mentioning that. My recommendation is Orvis. Wool picks is pretty aggressive. So I would use Orvis, which you can get in bulk. This will sound very funny, but I try and buy mine at a savagery shop that looks to get self-material to people who are into horses. Orvis is basic detergent that is used in most shampoos, and it's very mild. I also buy it through conservation warehouses, like University Products or Gaylord. It's more expensive that way, but you can check with your local salary and see if they carry it. They use it to wash horses. It's concentrated. You only need a little bit. A little bit goes a long, long way. When I'm wasting dust claws and things like that, I will use a commercial detergent that doesn't have any dye in it or scent, something like Armand Hammer that has no scent or is hypoallergetic, because that's actually what will react if anybody like me has skin issues with soaps. In fabrics, sometimes the soap does not get washed out. Nothing does not get rinsed out or the detergent doesn't get rinsed out, and it can cause rashes. Not fun. So always use stuff that's happy. Are we ready for the next question? Yes. Okay. The next question from Lexi Echelman is, what type of alcohol solution can you use to clean plexiglass? Either ethanol or isopropyl, both of which can be got at a hardware store. It's not the purest, but it's affordable, and it's better than some of the pre-made cleaners. So along the same lines, Michael Hoskins says, what percentage of alcohol do you purchase? I've seen it for sale from 70 to 90% in the bottle. Does it matter? Yeah. Good question. I've used either. If you're using 70%, you might want to put a little more of the alcohol in the water. It doesn't have to be exactly 50%. I prefer 90% because then it is closer to a 50-50. You know more what you have. But yeah, either way. There are things that I'm very particular about and some things less so, okay? Katie Montgomery says, should water be used to clean marble? Yeah, we almost have to. Again, I would use as minimal amount of water as possible, and think in terms of using, if you want to add a surfactant, a detergent to it, you can add a little bit of soap or detergent to help break down the bond between the dirt and the marble. But always start with dusting. See, if dusting doesn't, if dusting doesn't, then you can use a little bit of water on a microfiber cloth. You can use, this is where the Mr. Clean Eraser comes in. Mr. Clean Eraser is somewhat abrasive, but sometimes you need a little bit of abrasion. And use it just with water to see if that takes it up. You start with the most gentle method, the least invasive method for, see if that works, if it doesn't work, or if it only works halfway, you go to the next step. So just be reasonable and rational and never leave any water behind. So you want to mop up, you want to dry up everything. Okay, Rita B. Terry says, do you add soap to distilled water to break the tension as well? No, I would not at first. When you're cleaning with, say, distilled water and a cloth or a makeup sponge, again, you're working with a combination of water and abrasion. So you've got a mild solvent and a little bit of rubbing. Start with that. Don't add soap unless you absolutely have to. So soap and detergents will leave a residue and that will actually attract more dirt. Does that answer it? The last, Alexi Echelman said, is Orvis soap for historic slash collections cleaning or custodial use? I didn't understand. Oh, yeah. That would be for historical. I recommend you go as, for your custodial, you go as green as possible. Be careful of the chemicals that have an orange or citrus smell. Those are actually carcinogenic. They're not as benign as industry would like us to believe. They may be less rough than some of the more intense chemicals that might be used in restrooms or kitchens. It's a hard balance to reach. But yeah, I would say Orvis, you want to use for your historic collections. If you're using any soap at all. Before we go off to the assignment number two, I would like you to say something about Dawn dishwashing detergent because I see it coming up in a lot of recommendations for general cleaning but also for in the discussions on the small museum, the listserv. And so I'd love to have your comment about that. And then when you finish that, just start with the assignment. I'm going to mute myself again. Okay. Dawn is pre-mild. I would not use any that is colored. I know you can get it colorless. I prefer Orvis because then you have control over how much actual soap there is. Yeah, in general, when you're talking about detergent in relationship to collections, I would avoid anything that has dyes in it or has scents because then you know for sure they're additive. Also, if you're using commercial, like a commercial Dawn, you can minimize your use. So if you've got a gallon of water, put one drop of Dawn in it and that might do the trick. One of the things you could do is experiment with it yourself and see how it disperses. And actually, that leads us into the assignment because my assignment this time is experimenting with some materials. I prefer people not to use Dawn, but if you follow what I'm saying and don't use the blue or the green, I think it comes in green, use the clear and the unscented. You can do it, but don't use a lot. You're better off with Orvis. Okay, so the assignment. So we're going to do some material testing assignments. Now, I can't emphasize this enough. You do not want to use a museum object. Use only sample materials. So in the first experiment, I want you to experience what abrasion does to different types of materials. And I have suggested that you use a series of...  It's the shiny stuff. Wood, it can be either finished or not finished. And a piece of metal. This is old silverware, old tinfoil, a piece of iron. It doesn't matter. And the tools are different kinds of erasers, a cotton swab, a synthetic scrubber, you know, those green things, and a fine piece of sandpaper or steel wool. Now, what I want you to do is see what it takes to damage the material that you gathered. How much pressure does it take? Observe the different ways... the different... what the different tools that you're going to use do. So the... I don't want to give it away, but there are differences in the different materials. Obviously an eraser is going to be different than a piece of sandpaper. But I want you to see what causes damage and how it is caused. And I guess I have a question for you, Susan. I've sent some exercise templates. Yeah, the handy-dandy templates are in the handouts. And a very long discussion of what Gretchen wants you to do is in the assignment. Okay. And there's a chart there and all that, but the form that you can use to fill in your results, those are in the handouts. And then just upload them to the assignment by square... you upload your assignment. Okay, I'm going to mute myself again. Okay, thank you.  And secondly, to get used to doing some testing before you actually go ahead and do your cleaning. So you can get a better feel for this. I mean, it takes longer the first time because you've never done it. But when you go into a room, you're cleaning, you need to clean the historic furniture that's out there. What can you do? What can you... what do you need to look for before you start cleaning? So the next one is solubility. So what happens to things when they get wet? The image is actually of an experiment that I will do in the public view. I take one of those French sponges, you know, those little tiny flat sponges, and I put it in 10 milliliters of dyed water and we watch it grow. And within a couple of minutes it expands and then I have another piece that I have squeezed out and let dry to show that once something absorbs a lot of water, it is never going to go back to the same spot it was before. I like people to think about this when they are cleaning because if you are using water, particularly if it's a porous material, you want to be careful because you can cause that piece of wood to swell or that paper or fabric. A totally interesting little conservation aside, if you have a textile like a rug that has a cotton work, so the threads along one side, the yarns along one side are cotton, and the wet, which is the part that weaves in and out, is wool. Every time you wash that, you are damaging the wool because cotton gets stronger when it is wet and wool gets weaker. And so it ends up, the cotton works, end up acting like a saw right through the wool yarn. So you have to be very, very careful with water or any liquid. So here the goal is to, again, identify the potential hazards. You want to test efficacy and safety and you want to learn how to document the damage. The more you go through your museum and make sure you have a note pad with you or an iPad or something, then make a note as to where you are seeing the dust accumulate. You will learn a lot about where the dust is moving. Okay. And again, there is also a chart, a form that you can fill it out. And I want you to do it with both water and alcohol. Okay. So I think we are done for today, right? Yeah. Okay. And just remember, please put your names on your assignments and you can just attach them. And if you have trouble doing that, let me know and I will figure out what I can do to take care of it. And next week we are going to have Tara Kennedy. She is going to talk about mold and housekeeping when you have mold and how to avoid it. And Gretchen will be here too.


Hello and welcome to this CUBE conversation. This is part of our continuing coverage of CUBECon Cloud NativeCon North America 2021. I have a very special guest with us from a technology company that on any given day at any given moment has any number of 31 million discrete users coming in looking for a specific item or two out of 22, 23, 24 million. Who knows how many items that could be shipped from 15, 16, 17,000 different locations around the globe. We've got one of the key folks responsible for managing what some of us in tech would refer to by the technical term a nightmare. Gary White from Wayfair, welcome. Hey, thanks for having me, yeah. So tell us about Wayfair. What is Wayfair? We're all gonna pretend like none of us have heard of Wayfair before despite billions of dollars in advertising. What is Wayfair? What do you guys do before we get into the technology and how it actually works? Yeah, that's a great question. Wayfair exists to be the destination for all things home, helping everybody and create a feeling of being at home. So that's like our primary goal from the overall business objective, specifically in the technology part of the company. We strive to make development of tools that make the shopping process easier. Carrying one of the widest spaces of items means that we have to have incredible resiliency in our data and access to that data.  Okay, so just so we're clear, because I wanna make sure you came to the right place. This isn't furniture, Khan. This is a cloud native, Khan. And you're not an artisan crafter of bespoke end tables, right? So you craft a very different thing, which is the technical infrastructure behind this. Tell us about your relationship with cloud native technologies in the open source world. Oh, sure, absolutely. So my experience at Wayfair has mostly consisted of exposing the release engineering process and making the process of developing tools easier. I think most companies invest about, or a lot of companies invest a significant amount of their engineering talent into being able to create a platform for their developers to work on top of. That's the team that I'm a part of where we create a platform for our developers. And a large part of how we do that is leveraging technology that comes out of the CNCF. So we'll be talking about automation tools, things that you may run in Kubernetes to do batch jobs, things that you may run in Kubernetes to run regular microservices and applications, and then ways to automate the building of those applications and the packaging of it so that it can ship to production reliably. And so you guys aren't just, when we go back several decades, there were customers and there were vendors. And those lines are really blurred in the open source community. They have been for a long time, but I mean, you're actually working not only to develop solutions for Wayfair, but you're working hand-in-hand with other people to develop solutions that get propagated across industry. Tell us about some of those projects that you're involved with, with the open source community, or at least where Wayfair is. Absolutely. So Wayfair has made an investment in the open source community, specifically notably with the Tremor project. You can go to tremor.rs and I'm actually speaking about it at KubeCon. That's where the topic comes from. Tremor is a early stage and event processing system where you can give it a lot of data for it to be able to ingest and then spit out downstream to other systems. You may want to send events and notifications out to multiple systems based on what you see. You may want to throttle the amount of data that you have coming in. And that was a big topic that I also mentioned at the CloudNativeCon and at TremorCon where you can deal with this really massive volume that we have to do at the scale that we exist as a business and just filter it so that it doesn't overwhelm everything downstream and observability's sake. Well, you know that Tremor must be cool if it has its own con, right? Yeah, very cool. You know you've arrived when you've had a con. Eventually, I'm working toward DaveCon. We'd make a Dave and Gary con if we need to, but... Oh, absolutely. So can you take those concepts of events and data flow and kind of up-level that in terms of the kinds of things that are happening between customers and Wayfair on a moment-by-moment basis? So give me an example of like, what is an event? Sure, yeah. So events, if you're familiar with the open telemetry or observability framework, you might call them signals where you have something happen on your infrastructure that's processed in a way that you would wanna record. So you might have a log that you need to be able to trace through later in case there's something happens or you just wanna be able to comb your logs.  You may have baggage that you associate with that data. So yeah, all of these different kinds of signals as defined in the open telemetry spec are things that we support in Tremor and we supported before the hotel project really made it a form. It was something we did out of necessity and similar products that you might find are like log stash and elastic and that whole stack. Okay, so if I'm looking for something for my home office, although you can see I've got tons of garbage already in my home office, what happens to me as a customer if all of what you just described goes wrong? What happens to my experience? That's a great question. So as we're talking about Tremor, if something were to go wrong, it shouldn't impact the experience of the service itself because Tremor is designed to not create any load on your service as you are executing it. You have the option to run it as a standalone server where you give it the resources that it needs by itself. If that turns out to be too much of a burden for the application and you need to do a side car kind of model where you actually deploy it alongside your application directly in the same pod or sometimes even in the same container as a different process. It's lightweight enough that you can do that, which is part of the reason why we like it and why we built it is that we found that many of the other solutions for processing these signals just simply took up too much compute to be competitive with what we were able to create ourselves. And how long have you been with Wayfair? I've been with Wayfair for almost three years, three years in October, or it is October, so three years, hooray. Hey, happy anniversary. Yes, thank you. Obviously you couldn't have predicted the massive shift in all of our lives and maybe you didn't completely fully appreciate just how well-prepared Wayfair was for this crazy shift in all of our lives when you entered in.  I mean, what is it like to be somewhere where the sky appeared to be falling and then all of a sudden the demands went through the roof? What was that like? That was a extremely chaotic but ultimately successful time for the company, obviously. It's shown definitely in what you can find in our stock and then how we've been doing the technology that we did very well during the pandemic. We were able to use the technology that we already had and be effective in adopting some more of the CNCF portfolio and some more of like cloud-native practices to make our infrastructure run better than it ever did at a time where we were in a crunch to be able to do better than we ever had as a business. And I believe that those two things are related. This is my personal philosophy for sure that I believe that the adoption of these cloud-native practices especially being pushed from the platform team that I work on were instrumental in being able to create an environment where developers can deliver value more reliably where then the experience of shopping at Wayfair becomes dramatically better and can handle the scale that you see when everybody decides to start shopping, everybody decides to start furnishing their home office. I was gonna make a joke that I bet that at least one of those things behind you was from Wayfair. You could be right, although some of the things over my shoulder are very strange movie prop type items. So, but you would be guessing correctly. I was very, very excited to talk to you from a technology standpoint because again, you guys were prepared for this. You can't respond in a way quickly enough that doesn't crush you unless you've prepared and you've got a framework that draws upon cloud-native technologies just as you outlined. So, against that backdrop, what are you seeing in from a technology standpoint in retail in general? Are you plugged into that much? Think of legacy furniture outlets trying to pivot into the world of cloud-native. Take your Wayfair hat off, your partisan hat in terms of competition off for a moment and talk to me about, if you're advising a fill-in-the-blank legacy retail store that's just dying right now that wanted to have an online presence from a technical standpoint, how would you advise them? What would you steer them in the direction of? I would definitely say that just-in-time engineering has actually served Wayfair extremely well where we're not over-engineering the solutions and using the big, fancy tools until we know that we need them. So I think that when we see businesses or we see anybody, any organization that decides to adopt everything first and then see whether or not it scales up, they don't see the results that they wanted because they're not using something that's appropriate for the size of the problem that they're trying to solve. So for example, if an experience that I can share from what we went through, I was part of and I've spoken and had some posts about like being able to scale up just the automation infrastructure for Wayfair where we were using a solution that worked pretty well but we didn't think about what was going to happen when it grew and we didn't react when it actually did grow. And so by instead reassessing, okay, we're a different size company now, we have different size needs for automation and different flexibility requirements to be able to use it effectively, we need to be able to adopt containers, we need to be able to support deployment into Kubernetes. How can we get there? And then continuing to evaluate that even during the process of building and during the process of making that available to the rest of the company. I think that if you're starting that process fresh or even if you're in the middle of that process, it's important to right size the solution and consider whether or not it's, if your online business isn't mid-tier but it's enterprise, then you need to build a system for that. If you have an online system that's actually doing not much of your business, don't build for the enterprise yet. Build for the size and then continue to scale it up as you go. Another thing that I just have to plug about the CNCF solutions is that they're incredible at being flexible to that scale that if you pick things that go from low to mid-tier then you can hand off from mid to high tier and then from high tier into enterprise scale. And I think that those things are available in the CNCF landscape and it's part of why we're excited to be part of it ourselves. So if you had a magic wand and you could solve one headache that you experience in your daily life from a technology perspective, can you think of anything that you would conjure up? Absolutely, I struggle and have struggled pretty much my entire career with being able to get like a good picture of the adoption of any given tool within the company. And I know that perhaps not every engineer that works with technology within a big enterprise firm has to think about whether or not their tool is being used a lot. Folks may not think about is a person next to me using Python or is the next person next to them using Java? Being able to have that kind of insight into what people use, how frequently they're deploying and how much they use it would be an incredible gain for us to be able to make better decisions about the platform of the company. Yeah, yeah. And you know, potentially the irony there is at the sort of tip of the spear of your business, understanding the customer, everything about them you possibly can is so important to give them a really, really good experience. And sometimes enterprises that have that know all sorts of information about me don't know what their developers are doing in a holistic fashion with a few clicks. I can tell you exactly how many orders I've ordered from a given online retailer in the last nine years, but I doubt they could tell me a lot about some of their infrastructure. So that's interesting. Well, what else can you share with us about Wayfarer? Anything that's not super proprietary and secret that you could share that's an interesting data point we were joking beforehand about, what is it, eight billion in your sales? Is it red staplers or any kind of factoids that people would be surprised about? Yeah, I think folks, something that's definitely not proprietary because it's literally on github.com. We just recently started putting a lot more elbow grease into our open source repositories. It's becoming Hacktoberfest now and we're very excited to be able to have these kind of more polished products, things that we expect people to be able to contribute to, where not even a year ago, it wasn't uncommon to have teams within the company that would open source their project and then they would completely lose track of it. And we had like some, we had to create new organizations to actually maintain them over time. So I feel like a really exciting thing that we're doing now is contributing to open source and earnest and actually getting developers' time scheduled to be able to dedicate to that effort. I think a lot of the biggest companies that are the most successful make time for their developers to be able to contribute back as well as being able to contribute just to the proprietary code that every company has to maintain. Absolutely, as human beings, we don't want to be toiling in obscurity and at what becomes a soul-killing exercise when you can actually get out there and have that sense of community, which is central to open source. That's great. It's a testament to Wayfair that they know that it's in their best interest as an organization to nurture that kind of talent within. So on that very positive note, I'd like to thank you so much for your time, Gary. And I appreciate the plug for shoes over your shoulder. And just want to say again, thanks a lot. Best of luck with your talk for KubeCon. And with that, I will sign off. Thanks for joining this Kube Conversation with Gary White of Wayfair in our continuing coverage of KubeCon, CloudNativeCon North America 2021. I'm Dave Nicholson. Thanks for tuning in.


I'm at VMworld 2012, I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE.com, this is theCUBE, our flagship telecast, we go out to the events, extract the signal from the noise, and I'm joining my co-host Dave Vellante, and we're here with Todd Nielsen, CUBE alumni, when we first launched theCUBE in 2010, VMworld was our first breakout show. Todd, you remember, you did a press conference with Compellants, our main hallway. Yeah, we were upstairs at the front door because we weren't sure if it was going to be big and it was going to take off, and now you guys dominate the hangout space. The only thing more popular than theCUBE is the little Rock'em Sock'em Robot games right there. You can understand why. Yeah, we're excited to have you, you're certainly a great guest who provides a lot of signal from the noise, and you're now in charge of all the developers, and essentially the app, when I say app, the developer side of it, which is huge for you guys, you guys have made a lot of progress over the past two years on filling in the components of the overall vision, where our spring source was the first real telling signal there, you brought those guys in, big developer focus, you get cloud foundry, you got a lot of developer action going on around VMware, and we were commenting at the end of day one, kind of our day one wrap up that the observation that this is a new VMware in the sense that, one, we're in a modern era of computing, data center, network data center, the new experiences abstract, pool, automate, it's operating system, things we talked about in 2010, but it's just, it's more than VMware now, right? So, I know you guys always had kind of more than, but now it's more than VMware, multi-vendor, so developers are a big part of that, so my first question is, give us the quick sound bite on VMware's strategy with developers, and then we'll go into some specific questions around, the use cases, big data, and then the networking data center. Sure, well, a couple things, so one, applications drive infrastructure, and in this disruptive state of the cloud era that we're in right now, we know that winning the hearts and minds of developers is critical to the long-term success, so when people ask about, well, what's the revenue contribution for your group? I always say, you know, the revenue contribution isn't significant at the moment, but when people look back 10 years from now, they're going to say, wow, VMware was successful because of the foundation and all the work that we did with developers to help them be successful driving infrastructure like our staff. And VMware is a great ecosystem and community, always had that, it's always been vibrant and opinionated, you know, we see that all the time, but now we're in a modern era with Flash dominating the storage layer, we're calling it data infrastructure, and you guys are driving it with the SDN, so we're going to find networking now, moving to the data center, has that changed the kind of target audience that you want to reach out to beyond your traditional developers? Because you've got network admins now, you have a whole, you've got big data exploding, what's your view there? Sure, well the other thing that we've done is with the spring source acquisition, which you mentioned we did in August of 2009, prior to that, we didn't really have much presence in the open source community, and in the developer world, open source is table stakes to be, you have to have a seat at the table by being an active participant in that world, and now we're a tremendous participant and provider of technology into this ecosystem, one of the things we demoed on Monday, in fact, was some open source code we code named Serengeti, which is about helping Hadoop really run well in a virtual environment, so reaching out to that community and being an active participant where you're not tagged or striped with the capitalist pig mantra, but instead you can be, oh yeah, you understand the good for the developers. The open stack announcement as well. Absolutely, and the open stack announcement, I mean, lots of really exciting things happening. So yeah, that Serengeti piece is interesting. From an application standpoint, do you see those worlds coming together, the big data analytics, feeding the transactional applications in a way that's going to drive new types of value to enterprises? Absolutely, in fact, last year we did a study at the beginning of the year and we wanted to find out who's doing stuff with big data, and so the team went and they came back and said, oh my gosh, you wouldn't believe it. You know, we found companies like eBay and Yahoo and Google, and I was like, no, we don't want insight baseball. I want real customers. And at the beginning of last year, we couldn't find anything. They came back then about VMworld timeframe last year and found, wow, we can't find a company that's not doing something with big data. Now in our opinion, big data is kind of like cloud was three years ago, where everybody has a proof of concept, but no one's really comfortable in saying what it is or defining it. And so when someone says they have a big data proof of concept, I generally ask them, so what are you doing? You're telling me about it. And the response is, I can see the fear in their eyes and they go, well, it's big, really big. And so we have a little bit of just definition and specificity in the technology that's going to play out, but I'm going to see all kinds of new types of applications where people want to understand how to get closer to their customers, how to actually generate revenue. And so the types of deals we're seeing aren't the classic cost reduction types, but it's how you can generate. We just had Javi Ayan who was talking about the endpoint being multiple devices. And so with big data, one of the things that we're seeing in terms of how people are using it, kind of the low hanging fruit, if you will, is the analytics, right? So analytics is like the classic iPad sales pitch. Mobile device or iPad or Nexus 7, I can run my business on it. But that's a developer mind shift. So Javi was talking about like, hey, developers, I think differently. Don't take that bloated app and put it here. How are you guys targeting this new breed of developers? How are you going out there and what are you offering them with tools? Is there a specific new shift that you're seeing? Can you comment and give us your perspective on that? Sure. In that particular case, we're doing a lot of outreach. We've doubled the size of our evangelism team that's focused not just on Cloud Foundry and VFabric, but really reaching out and driving developer awareness. And then second, buy things like Serengeti and some of the investments we've made with, we acquired a company earlier this year called Cetus. And I believe you're going to have Moodu or someone later on today. Great guys, great guys. So we'll be talking about what we can do there with real-time analytics as a service. We've got some cousins over on the EMC side of the house and the Green Plum Division, which is really focused on big data. We do a fair bit of work with them and jointly reaching out to the developer community. So in the early days, it's get the developers educated on what's possible, as well as then get the line of business understand, okay, what's the real business value? Because at the end of the day, you need the business value and the technology to meet for it to really take off to be a killer app. And that's a piece I have to say. I mean, I love the messaging, but I have to say the abstract, the pool, the automated, that's all great. But the other thing I go, eh, what's the business value? And that's really, you're kind of ahead of business value. Yep, yep. So what I'm looking for, Todd, and I'd love to point a view on this, is that next wave of applications is going to take advantage of all that great infrastructure, flash and all these cool things that are happening to really drive productivity. You and I, when we first met, we talked about, it was in the depths of the recession, and you said to me, hey, VMware's doing its part. We're hiring like crazy. We said, yo, this is a VMware driven enterprise economy. Are we going to see the point with these new applications that IT actually becomes an area where CEOs say, wow, I got to invest in that. I'm actually going to spend more than that. Absolutely, we're starting to see now, if you look at like the retail environment, people are trying to identify, how can I track my customer's behavior? How can I learn more about what they want? Another large customer of ours that happens to have a lot of theme parks is trying to figure out how they can effectively get people through the different rides and through the parks and make sure they maximize the experience. And it's a revenue generation or a positive experience generation for them, not a cost reduction. If you think about, you know, mobile, Javier was on, just two years ago, we saw the first app where you could take a photo of a check and deposit it in your checking account.  And yet, we're going to see more and more of those kinds of applications enabling users to do things and be more connected on whatever their device is to do their life.  And with the AcroSystemness Sierra, it introduces and validates software, which obviously we've been talking about, we believe is huge, in the data center. So on the big data side, I think of that as above the stack, analytics, apps, mobile, and using data as a developer environment for the end user experience. But below that, you got the infrastructure. So while we were asking Steve Herrod, there's a new breed of developers because software resonates when someone says, hey, software-defined data center is going to create huge new opportunities. How do you view that? What's your perspective on that market? It's an emerging market, it's growing pretty fast, it's changing the equation on the infrastructure side, enabling more change, and that's going to affect on the top of the stack. What's your perspective in VMware's view there? Yeah, so the thing about the developer community is a lot of people, they aren't close to it, they just think, oh, they're developers, so that one developer is the same as another. But you really need to then understand the taxonomy or the segmentation of the different types of developers. There are your classic enterprise developers, there's classic guys that build applications, and then the folks that work in the infrastructure are generally more kind of system software type folks that are writing device drivers, lower level type utilities and functionality, even lower than that, as far as the types of things they're building. So the best example is, I spent many years early in my career at Microsoft, and when you would go to a Microsoft to lower conference, and then you would go to an Intel software developer conference, I was like, night and day. Yeah, they're completely different people. Because, you know. They talk in Hexadec mode. Yeah, well, and the Intel folks are thinking about device drivers and lower level stuff that the Microsoft developers weren't necessarily talking about. And so a lot of the layer one or the infrastructure software developer outreach we have is for these systems developers that are really going to take advantage of some of the bandwidth acceleration and cool networking and cool storage, and really taking advantage of some of those opportunities. Like Flash, I mean, we're very excited about that. Just to get back to the thing we're talking about, the driving that business productivity. I mean, orders of magnitude change in the way people are thinking about this. You know, Gardner had a study recently where they, or he had a statement, they came out and said they believe that over the next three years, the chief marketing officer in Enterprise is going to spend more on technology than the CIO. And the point was, there's just such opportunity to reach out and get customer intimacy and understand what's going on, that that's where there's going to be a lot of technology investment. Whereas the cost reduction stuff will continue, but it won't be as- Well, the Facebook IPO didn't, you know, do it. So it's got to be something like that. They're really trying to, maybe the Enterprise can do that. So Todd, Wikibon did a research study that a year and a half ago on IO-centric infrastructure that really kind of set the table for what we're seeing now with IO-centric infrastructure. Node.js on the top of the stack. Then all going down with Flash. So we had a quote on theCUBE yesterday that Flash has changed the developer landscape. It's a developer's dream. A lot of persistent memory, a lot of access. So from a programmer's perspective, a huge developer surge with Flash. And you think at the top of the stack with Node.js and things on the cloud side is a completely phenomenal movement. The question is, is that are you guys offering certain parts of your stack as an enablement to those developers? Are there specific new things that you're seeing in the Enterprise to make tech advantage of, say, Flash? Yeah, so a couple of things. So from our perspective at the developer platform layer, we want to actually be abstracted above it. And so if Flash is there, we want you to have it to be less latency, faster, better performance, et cetera. But we don't want it to actually change the programming model. So to answer your question, we are seeing a lot of interest in Flash and some of these new innovations to enable developers to build applications that can take advantage of some of these benefits. Although if I could, just saying you want to preserve the existing programming model, although there are examples where the programming model is changing and it's driving orders of magnitude of new business. Absolutely. But you see those two tensions pulling at each other? Oh, absolutely. There's a classic, what I'll call, a web slash client server programming model. And then there is a cloud programming model. But in this cloud programming model, we don't think whether Flash is there or not should be the impact. Relative to cloud foundry, because that's attracting a lot of developers and like I said, a lot of the developers who are software, traditional software developers, you know, Rails and user cloud, and they don't want to deal with configuration management, all that stuff. You bet.  And let me rephrase it differently. What disruptions are you seeing in the developer ecosystem right now that are really holding out for you right now? You can see saying, that's a real disruptor and VMware's moving on that. Yeah, so there's two big ones. One is the enterprise today is mired in the complexity and cost of classic application server hell. Dealing, you know, web logic and web sphere just have them held hostage from a cost structure, a lack of agility, responsibility to the business. And so there's a lot of enterprises that are saying, help me get out of this. And so we have an offering called vFabric, which is really helping them, if you will, get themselves lifted out of that morass and into a lighter weight, more agile framework. And then longer term, there's a vision for what would it, what will it mean when I can just build my applications and not have to worry about the underlying infrastructure at all. And cloud boundary or platform as a service is really focused on that situation where developers today in the average enterprise spend anywhere from three to six months writing IT tickets, trying to provision the right hardware and middleware and databases and message queues and all that stuff. And, you know, developers I meet with say, get me out of that. I know how to write code. I don't want to become an expert in procurements. And so that's, I think, is going to where the promise of foundation is. I can just kind of summarize that. One was application server hell, that's the agility piece. Yeah, getting more modernized. Modernized applications, but when you usually say that, some people say, oh, from the mainframe. And I don't actually mean from the mainframe as much as the classic app server. You know, the web model is. So agility, totally by that's awesome. And what's the second one, cloud boundary? Productivity. Developers can focus on just building their apps and not have to get mired in the underlying.  It's back to the, if you think about it, abstract pool and automate is a message that not only applies at the infrastructure layer, but it also applies at the developer layer. Developers want to write their code and then whether it runs on Amazon or whether it runs on OpenStack or runs on VCloud. Who cares? We've been saying since 2010 when we first saw the original picture, we were like, obviously, it's an operating system.  But now actually abstract, automate, abstract pool and automate, that sounds like the same thing. So the question I want to ask you is, obviously the world's moving into this kind of environment where software's now going to be part of that. You got Flash, you got new apps coming in, all that stuff's happening, agile, more productivity. Question is, what has surprised you the most over the past 24 months? Something that you didn't see that just exploded and changed some of that original thinking or maybe tweaked it, changed the trajectory of it. What was the big surprise for Todd Nielsen in the past 24 months? Two things. One, the device proliferation has been unbelievable to me. There was an article recently in Vanity Fair and as I mentioned, I was at Microsoft. I was there for 12 years and I'm a proud alumni. And there was a comment in the article that I literally had to put the thing down and say no way and go check the fact. And the statement was that five years ago, Apple built one product and that one product has generated or generates more revenue per quarter than the entirety of Microsoft corporations. And the one product was the iPhone. And the fact that one product generated five years ago that's more revenue than all of Microsoft Corporation was unbelievable to me. So I got, this is good, I got to ask you this. So Vanity Fair wrote the article called The Lost Decade against Microsoft.  But I do want you to comment on that from your perspective over those 10 years, obviously Microsoft still makes a lot of money, but new markets emerged. So what's the real story there in that lost decade? I don't know what you're talking about with the stack ranking, all that normal stuff. HP did that and it's a normal thing, but specifically Microsoft, what happened there and what could they go to going forward? So a friend of mine a year ago sent me a joke that said what does MSFT, which is our ticker symbol, stand for? And he said it stands for missed search, phone and tablets. And the challenge that Microsoft had in the last decade really wasn't what they did with Office or Windows. I mean, they were able to continue to extrapolate and grow and get tremendous amount of revenue and success there. It's just they missed the next level of innovations. They were in the driver's seat to be leaders for phone and the fact that Android and iOS came out on their watch is crazy. Tablet, they had a great opportunity. Search, Lord only knows they should have done well there. So there's a lot of things that have taken off on the market that they, arguably virtualization is another space that, if you had told me, I left in June of 2000 and if you had told me that some company would slide underneath windows between it and the hardware and encapsulate that space, I would have said you're on drugs. Completely changed the enterprise market. So that's impossible. So David Flynn from FusionIO who you know has been very successful since they've gone public and continue to grow. He said his biggest challenge is the status quo. And I think that's really what your point is. And they just missed, they just didn't look at it and didn't see it as a threat. And that's just, as Pat Gelsinger says, if you're not out in front of the next wave, you're driftwood. So that being said, VMware, you guys are constantly out in front. Joe Tucci said on the CEO panel, the horizontal is getting shorter and the vertical growth is getting steeper and change. So what are you guys doing right now is from a change perspective, managing that. As a management team, you and your cohorts, what's the VMware culture like in process and share some inside knowledge and perspective? It's hard. I mean, there's so much disruption. Usually there's change on one vector, but on every vector and every layer, there's so much change going on right now. It's challenging. And so one of the things we're trying to do as a management team is just communicate more because as long as your employees can see where you're going directionally, then when we do some of these shifts, they don't seem quite, what the heck was the executives thinking? A great example is the NICERA acquisition. Had we not been clear that, hey, we really believe in the software defined data center, our vision there, folks would have said, what, why are you spending that kind of money to do what? But most employees went, hey, that's a logical adjacency. It's something we can really extend our expertise and IP into and makes a lot of sense. Final question, I know we got to get to our next guest. On the developer front next year, you're overseeing that whole vision. You mentioned open source, you mentioned hiring great talent with 70 engineers from NICERA, dynamic ops, these are great ecosystem among the other ones you've done. You got a lot of work to do. What's your outlook for the year, your goals for the year, and then how do you see the developer community shaping for the kinds of categorical developers? Obviously cloud, low level, and the mix of your business relative to those. So I think we'll see more movement in this app modernization that we talked about with Vfabric, I think that's got great momentum. One thing I didn't mention is in Q2, we did the largest deal in the history of VMware was a Vfabric deal, which when you think about it, it's pretty incredible, the largest deal in the history of VMware of all the products was Vfabric. So I think you're going to see revenue size. Revenue size, yeah. Second, I think platform as a service market is going to continue to evolve and shape out and developers are going to, we're going to see more things move into production and lots of excitement there. And then third, the union of big data and mobile and new experiences and new types of applications. I predict that probably next year, we'll start to see some of the new killer apps built on our architecture and our infrastructure that will really be exciting. Todd, you're always a great guest. We really appreciate you coming on and taking the time. Yeah, thanks guys. Todd, great job. You created enabling infrastructure, good things will happen. Todd Nielsen, president at VMware, heading of all the developers. This is theCUBE. We'll be right back with our next guest after this short break.


Augustine concludes his vivid portrait of infancy with a prayer that will resonate with any parent who has ever watched a baby sleeping and marveled at the loveliness of the sight. You, O Lord, who have given life to the speechless baby, and a body furnished with senses fitted with members and shaped in beauty, and for his integrity and safety have instilled in him all the powers of living being. You command me to praise you for them and to sing psalms to your name almost high. For you are a God almighty and good, even if you had made these things and no more, which none other than you could have made.


This is TFNN, The Tiger Financial News Network, update. Good morning everyone, Basel Chapman here on this Wednesday, the 24th of May, and for the 10 o'clock Tiger Financial News Network, we're looking at the Dow down 200 at $32,857. That means it's taken out two things, it's taken out the left side low of $32,935 in that arch formation that became a lowercase H that goes to a lowercase M, and if it takes out that left side low, which it's done right now, you've got to be very careful, it's pushing away from the 200-period moving average. The S&P is also down quite sharply, and the S&P at this particular point is down 20, let me just see, 28 points at $4,117, it's broken this uptrend support line. Now I did get a peak C in the dating chart, you used to get a D for a very sharp turnaround, but look at this, the E-mini went to an F slash C, that means there's a really good chance there's a peak F, which says that means there could be a cell signal generated in the S&P very soon, the Dow has already been in a cell mode for some time, the S&P has held very well, went to a new recovery high a few days ago, now it's pulling back sharply, because the QQQ, it actually went to a peak D in the Chapman wave methodology down quite sharply today, down almost 2 points at 331.36, going to be watching this one closely because if it starts to trade in the next 3-4 sessions going into early next week below 325, that's a big problem, looking at the IWM, remember that one was doing quite nicely for a little while, now it's dropped very sharply back into the trading range down 2.25 at 176, I want to look at gold because gold is trying to hold, it's just down a fraction at this point at 1973, the way gold is looking, it's just making steadily lower highs and low lows, nothing serious, there could be one sharp intraday spike to the downside and if it takes that 1950 support, that says it can go all the way to 1916, which is a 200-period moving average, but that really is dependent on whether the dollar is able to sustain any rally, and now it's only up a penny at 103.55, I'll take a little time and I'll come back for the Tiger Technicians Hour and I want you to show you the TLT is having a little bit of a rally today, but wow it's almost gone right back to the 99s, it's at 101 right now, I'll be back, check out my opening call, get your newsletter and I'll be back for the Tiger Technicians Hour in a few minutes and I'll also be doing the one o'clock show as Larry is away, I'll be back


Use the Performance Insights panel to get actionable and use case-driven insights on your website's performance. For example, analyzing page note performance is a common use case. Let's start with that. Open the Performance Insights panel via more options, more tools, performance insights. Network and CPU speed can impact the performance analysis result. You can adjust the settings with the throttling dropdown. Let's slow down the CPU by four times and start to measure the page load. Depending on your page load performance and the throttling settings, it might take a while to run. This is how the panel looks when it is done. There are four areas in this panel. Let's start from the footer and talk about some general navigation. On the left, there is a screenshot. Click on the play button under it to see how your page was loaded visually. Pause it and you can move the playhead around to view the screenshot at that point of time. You can hide the screenshot if you don't need that. You can also slow down the replay speed if it is too fast. The main track always zoom out to show the full page load activities. Let's say you want to view this network request, you can move the playhead to here and zoom in to it with the controls on the bottom right. Alternatively, you can hold the Command key and scroll to zoom in and out or hold the Shift key and scroll to navigate left and right. Don't remember the shortcuts? No worries. Click on the question mark at the top right to learn more about the shortcuts. You can further customize the UI based on your needs. Say, you want to just focus on the layout shift? You can open the settings and turn off the network and render the track. Alright, we are done with the basic navigation. Let's talk about how to identify performance issues. The Insights pane on the right gives you an overview of your page insights. It shows the key metrics of your page and some potential issues that you might want to look into. Hover the mouse over each of these insights, it will highlight the item on the track to help you locate them easily. You can click on the Insights to view issues, get suggestions on potential fixes or even drill down to the details to view the network timings. There are three core metrics to measure your page load performance. First is the loading speed. Is your main content loaded fast enough? Second is the interactivity. Can the user interact with your page without delay? The last one is about visual stability. Is there an advertisement popping up halfway while the user is reading the main content? These three key metrics are what we call the core web vitals, the essential metrics for delivering a great user experience on the web. Each metric has its own target thresholds which help you to identify whether the experience of your site is good, needs improvement or poor. In the panel, the metrics are shown on the Insights and the top. Hover over the metrics, you can read the description and view the score. Now, let's zoom in to the layout shifts, understand what is that and how we can use the panel to debug that. Think about layout shifts like fireworks. There are times where multiple rapid shifts happen continuously, then it pause for a few seconds and it start to shift again. For our page load example here, once the coffees are loaded, the page is stable for a while, then an image pops up and pushes the content out. Then, the page is stable again for a while, until later the size of the coffee cups change and the new font is loaded. Now, let's break that down and identify when the rapid layout shifts happen. The first group of rapid shifts happens when the image is loaded and it happens in under 0.4 seconds. The second group of rapid shifts happens one second later due to the cup size changes and the new font and it happens within 0.9 seconds. For each group of these rapid shifts, we name them as session windows. So, we have two windows here. We can spot that in the layout shift track. There is a pretty obvious gap in between the two windows. When debugging the layout shift issues, always focus on the largest window first. From the track, we know that window 1 has larger shifts than window 2. So, let's focus on that first. On the track, there is a screenshot for each layout shift to help you visualize the differences. Each layout shift carries a score. It measures how much the page is shifted. The maximum score for each layout shift is 1 if the whole page is shifted. In our case, the first layout shift is the biggest because of the blank space allocated for the image. The second layout shift is smaller because it only pushes the content down a little bit more when the image is loaded. Now, back to the performance insights panel, you can view the score by clicking on the screenshot. It shows the time of the shift as well. The cumulative layout score shows the sum of the previous shifts in the same window plus the current shift. In this case, it is 0.19. You can see the score breakdown in the window section. When measuring the CRS of your page, we always focus on the largest section window as a whole. To maintain a good CRS, the total score of each window should be within 0.1. In our case, the window score is 0.19, which means it needs improvement. Scroll down to the Potential Root Courses section. From here, we know that the layout shift could be due to the unsized image. Expand it and we can see the altered dimension is none. We can fix this by adding size to the image. Besides that, you can find out which elements are impacted by this layout shift. You can hover over the item to highlight them on screen or expand it to view the exact movement. The performance insights panel is a developer preview feature and we need your input to continue improving on that. Please send us your feedback via the feedback link in the panel. And to learn more about the performance insights panel, go to goo.gear slash devtools.performance. That's all. See you for the next DevTools Tips.


Welcome folks surprise surprise. It's Jacob Schup again filling in for Tom O'Brien. I'll be with you again tomorrow as well Of course, we are off Monday the federal holiday won't resume back Tuesday. I believe Tom should be back then I've said that in the past and I was wrong. So Just kidding. Let's take a look what we got going on today We have the ES mini we're trading down about point fifteen percent a little bit flat currently The Russell down almost a full percentage point We have the NQ's trading at sixteen thousand nine hundred fifty one that is flat Basically sideways looking at everything going on at least currently Have the Dow futures trading about point zero eight percent to the downside Gold contract trading about two thousand thirty one and ten cents silver at twenty two eighty five We're moving down in silver We just keep marching lower than two and that was on some pretty high volume as well So to take a look and see what's going on with that Of course, we're having some Counter trend bounces at least in the yields on the ten year trading. We were on the way down We're trading about four point zero zero eight percent Currently on that we'll probably see to reversal down from there look at a copper trading at three point seven eight right now Up about point thirteen percent one second Get a mute my discord. Oh on that topic. I want to say I've been talking about the Discord quite a bit on here. We've had a few people moving in. I think about ten this week, which is nice We're nearing up about Above 650 people. It's been pretty successful. Everyone's loving it so far Let's take a look here looking at Tesla right now trading at 227 77 down about 3% steel dynamics at 112 50 DXY 102 38 QQQ's at 408 86 Google 143 Microsoft. Let's take a look here quickly Briefly surpassed Apple this morning as the largest company. We're trading up about well Point five four percent today trading at 384 and 81 cents we have a lot to talk about today. We'll talk a little about lucid They've made all-time lows again some weird stuff going on in the EV market However, some pushes from the government to expand EV charging infrastructure, which is no doubt going to bring a ton of money Into basically the minerals and kind of all these more industrial Kind of stocks here. We actually do have a caller talking to cost embossed. He's looking at Newmont. How are you doing? Cost I can hear me I'm doing well. I'm doing well. What can we take a look at today? NEM Yeah, what are you taking a look at regarding Newmont here trading down right now about 1.2% trading at 37 49 Are you in Newmont currently? What do you what do you take a look at regard? You're looking to buy it? So at least in all of the miners right now, right? We're seeing kind of a minor pullback and everything looking at gold trading about 2031 on the entire contract I know at least with speaking with Tom and he's really the guy you want to talk to a lot with these kind of mining stocks So we're kind of looking to wait for a bigger pullback in gold One of the things I can recommend doing as well for a larger look and kind of all these equities in the miners take a look at my interview with Tim about last Thursday and we go over that at least The way that we're looking at it now here I was still waiting on a larger pullback from some of these miners Until we become you know major buyers in it. That's what I'm looking at at least regarding the whole industry Newmont is a whole obviously. We're kind of coming down right now. We had a lot of volume about November 8th and We were moving up. Let's see from the top of that was about 39 27 all the way down to 33 59 a Traversal backup. We are coming down right now, but this is again a pullback We've been seeing in a lot of these kind of miners right what's positive about these is that it's on low volume So we might get a retest and we did just retest about this level here, which is 37 19 And I kind of wait to see if Newmont can get some footing going forward I do think in the years in the year ahead These gold miners are gonna do pretty well. I believe Tom would share that kind of opinion of it, too But so far as we're looking at it, I can still see Newmont pulling back a little bit along with some of these miners as well Especially with this counter-trend bounce with the dollar I would say We want to wait to see that come back down maybe more to like the $99 area Until we can see gold really like take off in a major way. So that's kind of my two pence on Newmont Okay, thank you very much. Okay. Thank you for calling in Costa All right Let's take a look here. I think we got some more callers as well Let's take a look at lucid trading down about five percent today 4.8. This is The lowest it's been in quite a while. They had very poor numbers on their quarterly reports They're having issues producing the cars. They're having issues getting them all assembled and getting them out I think we're gonna see a larger hit an EV going forward, right? We've seen Hertz actually we're they're about to reduce the number of EVs that they have in their fleet by about a third Which is a large number. I think something around 20,000 I think that the production is getting a little bit too expensive as it is currently I think The past two years have been very good for new car purchases and just car purchases in general And this kind of begs the question. What is the demand going to be? For just vehicles in general going forward in the next few years and then certainly something that I would I Wouldn't call niche, but because obviously it's becoming very dominant EVs is what I'm saying, but I still think that it's not as prevalent As it's going to be going forward, right? I think we're gonna get a lull currently and this is going to kind of lag Purchase of EVs one of the positive things that I I think is going to benefit the purchasing of EV going forward I mean one first, let's say these the tax rebates you get for owning an EV vehicle and at least buying it are actually pretty good I was looking I drive a Mazda CX 30. It's a newer model and With the rebates and all the kind of deals that I would get buying an EV and this is again coming from like the government I would have paid roughly the same For a Tesla, which is positive. I didn't buy a Tesla Because I just don't know where I want to charge it. This is a major issue Well, Biden administration just dumped something like 630 million into expanding these EV charging stations Which is gonna be massive. We'll take a look about this. We're about to hit the break So I'll save pulling that up until we get there But these are some of the challenges we're seeing and I I think with higher rates as well a lot of these more expensive cars Which the EV models usually are Are probably gonna be put on the back burner at least for the next two or three years folks stay tuned We'll be right back