Eat! Walaak! I came to Itaewon, today is really important day, finally or sadly the Ramadan is end, so that means it's Itaewon. Yay! So happy Itaewon, I'm so proud of you guys, and it was really really beautiful and amazing experience, I felt so many things, so I'm gonna share that soon. But today I'm so curious that how is the ad worship in Korea, especially in Itaewon, it's almost, you know that this is the first Ramadan for me, so I'm so curious, so just let's go. Thank you, so where are you from? I'm from India. Indian, oh, very cool, namaste. Namaste. So you're also vlogger? Yeah, I'm also vlogger. Oh, same camera? Yes, same camera. Eat Walaak and happy Eid. Thank you, I wish you a good future. Thank you so much. It's been a great journey of yours. So, I came back to Chanan, it was my first Ramadan, that means it was my first ad worship, and as you know it was truly sacred and beautiful. I wanna say that I had a lot of unbelievable experiences during Ramadan, meeting good Muslim friends who lead me well, I also had the first prayer in my life, yeah it was really beautiful. Masha'Allah, and I'm so happy and even excited, these many people kept and followed the command of God for one month, and I am so happy that I am one of them. I have received a huge present from Allah, through this Ramadan, then have a happy Eid day and be happy with your family, and don't forget to thank Allah. And at the last, thank you so much for watching my video. Then, ma salamah, bbyong, bye bye.


Hello from Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina. My wife just got a job here and so we've moved here and This is our new place. I'm actually at the business center at a conference room. So today. I wanted to discuss meeting other translators When you're a translator you kind of need to be in the world of Translation and a lot of it has to do with you know going online and obviously dealing with translations themselves Watching these videos and so you get ideas of how other translators handle issues and problems They might have but I think an essential part of being a translator is also Meeting other translators talking to them being surrounded by them face-to-face. Let's face it most of you probably have friends who work in an office who work nine to five and Maybe you still do too when you but you'd like to become a translator It's gonna be very hard to understand it really and to get that point of view if You don't talk to other people who work for themselves who are freelancers who are entrepreneurs More specifically ideally who are also freelance translators. I mentioned this because I just moved here But you know we moved here a few days ago And so I'm trying to get in contact with other people people like myself or potential clients Etc. I just trying to you know do the whole networking thing So I just wanted to give some tips and tidbits basically let you know what I've been doing and you know Maybe you have ideas of how this could be taken further and I'm all ears if you do because I just moved here So, you know, I'm trying to enter into the world and figure it out So my first recommendation would be to Join a meet-up you can basically go to meetup.com and they have meet-ups they have them in every city around the world and Chances are you can find a meet-up for entrepreneurs for freelancers for something along those lines in your city By the way, it doesn't have to be meet-up.com another big one is Internations if you go to internations.org I think they also tend to have the same type of meet-ups has a bit of a different feel I think internations is more top-down and so it tends to be more organized But also a bit more hierarchical while meet-up.com can be set up by anyone and organized by anyone So you get a bit of everything my first step would be to go to one of these websites or other similar ones and try to find Groups of people who are once again freelancers entrepreneurs Ideally freelance translators if they have those and then join these so you can meet other people Usually most these meet-ups tend to be after work hours, you know over dinner or a drink very casual And so it's a great place to meet other people and to meet up and to network The second one will be to search for groups online every city and every country in every region is different And like I said, there might be other groups that are just purely in your region in your area So I would look up if you live in a certain city say you live in Budapest search Freelancers Budapest freelance translators Budapest translators Budapest entrepreneurs Budapest if you just move there from somewhere else Then probably English will always be a lingua franca But otherwise try to search for these specific groups in your specific area Just do a Google search and see what pops up because you never know another method and one that I found myself doing More and more as I go to new cities is to find a local Chamber of Commerce Usually you can find the city's Chamber of Commerce and or a region Chamber of Commerce or something along those lines find events Usually they have events open also to non-members. I would look into joining these now I like these a lot because this is where I can find potential clients these tend to be let's say It's a step up in professionalism and formality from the meet-up groups. However, obviously you also find Entrepreneurs and freelancers and the ones you you find tend to be a bit more, you know Already on the road to success Let's say while in the meet-ups and and internations You'll find people in your same shoes who are trying to start out when you go to these Sessions that usually find people who can be possibly your mentors, you know Help you out show you the way give you some tidbits some tricks into entering this lifestyle in this city You're in or in the industry you're in I know that's what I look forward to when I start started joining these chambers of commerce I realized that I could get very different advice and Recommendations from these people as compared to the meet-ups another type of association You can join is one dealing with the language you translated now say you just moved to Budapest But you do I don't know Swedish to Hungarian translations Then you should also be joining the Swedish Chamber of Commerce or in the Swedish Association of Budapest or something along those lines like I'm here in the States and I'm going to be with you know my specific languages and so obviously if I'm dealing with Italian and English I'm gonna look into the Italian Chamber of Commerce a Swiss Chamber of Commerce I remember Atlanta they had a Swiss American Association and an Italian Association take your specific languages and the countries that they come from and then Or any country associated with that language and try to join these groups because you'll find people You know obviously if they if they're from one language and they happen to reside in the country of another one There's gonna be translation going on back and forth there So that can definitely help you out in that sense and another type of association to look for is the one in your specialization if you have a specialization if it's legal or if it's Financial you know marketing then try to see what's going on in that realm now say you are dealing with legal Translations and find some legal Association you can go meet them up and I know I've mentioned this before because it becomes more interesting for them because they're meeting lawyers You know at all these industry events and some of you meet someone who's not a lawyer And so you're gonna stick out in their mind and so it can be very interesting there to meet prospective clients and possibly also to get Your first client and last but not least if you've gone through all these and you can you still cannot find something that suits you between the meet-ups and the Internations and the the associations the chambers of commerce the different countries and languages involved if the region you are in Doesn't have anything along these lines then actually nothing really stops you from Setting one up yourself so you can easily go to well meet up calm or internations or any one of these places and just set up a group We're out even just go to Facebook say hey This is for translators or freelance translators or freelancers in this region in this area in this city at the beginning There might be two people in which case two of you can grab a drink and talk But chances are things like this will grow something like this happened when I was in when I first went to Taiwan I was looking for an entrepreneurship meet-up for people foreigners in Taipei Who are entrepreneurs and wanted to meet other like-minded entrepreneurs at the time? There was nothing I decided to join this other guy You know we just met who was interested in doing the same thing We're like hey, why don't we set something like this up, you know Probably no one will show up in which case we'll just grab a beer and you know hang out and talk We ended up getting 3,000 members in fact later We you know we kind of hand it off the reins now I moved so it still exists, but other people are taking care of it So anyway, it's just to say that if you don't find something of what you're looking for chances are there other people looking for the same thing So hopefully that helps out because I do think while it's Invaluable to get as much information as you can and you can't get all types of information now basically online You know joining the forums and the websites and watching the videos etc It also always helps to meet people face-to-face to meet other people like you so you can compare notes urge each other on and help each other out with all the issues that might pop up and Please don't forget to click like and don't forget to subscribe And you'll get more videos like this dealing with freelancing helping out with freelance translation anyway I'll talk to you next time. Thanks. Bye


Well, thank you for your invitation. And also, I would like to thank Sasha for presenting Maxime's university because I feel a complete intruder here. There would be almost no algebra, well, some geometry. And there would be a little bit of physics, but completely different. I decided so the talk is about aspects related to dynamical systems. I didn't dare to speak about experimental mathematics, which is also part of Maxime's specialization. So I will speak about dynamical systems. And I decided to present the story on a concrete example. So I will formulate first a model problem, and the model problem is quite naive. Then I will have to present some technology, which is useful for solving this problem. Then I will present the solution. So the physics here, well, there is some physics here, which is solid state physics. And a typical problem here is the following one. If you consider the electron transport in lattice, then it's natural to consider so-called inverse lattice. So you consider the space of quasi-momenta. And the electron lives on the surface of constant energy in this quasi-momental space on the one hand. And on the other hand, if you turn on a magnetic field, the electron has to stay in a plane, which is orthogonal to the magnetic field. So the electron trajectories are plane sections of periodic surfaces. My family of parallel planes. And the question is, what is the behavior of these plane sections? It is a classical picture. It is a semi-classical picture. So we can see the momentum as periodic. So our surface of constant energy depends on momentum, but it's considered as a periodic surface. And so that's the problem. And of course, this problem in mathematical formulation can be immediately reformulated in terms of surface filiation, because you quotient everything by Z3. You get a three-dimensional torus, a perfect compact surface embedded in this three-dimensional torus. And the lines which were interested in the leaves of the filiation defined by closed differential one form of this compact surface. So this particular problem is somehow very special from the point of view of surface filiations, because the fact that everything is embedded into a three-dimensional torus is special. So the minimal components of this filiation are usually just toric with holes. So let's consider another problem which leads immediately to surface filiations also related to solid state physics. So this model was suggested at the beginning of the 19th century by Ernfest and Ernfest. And it's formulated in the beginning. I said 19th, sorry, 20th, of course, beginning of the 90s. It's 19, oh, something like this, of course. I apologize. But still, more than 100 years ago. So it is formulated in terms of a billiard. You consider periodic obstacles in your two-dimensional plane. So the periodic obstacles are in the form of a rectangle. And you send a billiard ball. And you are interested how this billiard trajectory expands in the plane while it escapes. Then it comes back. And the diffusion rate, by definition, is either, well, this quantity, or you can consider the same object, well, the same number, can be measured as follows. Just consider your billiard trajectory for some time t, consider it as a set, and consider the diameter of the set. So take the logarithm of diameter and normalize by logarithm of that time. So this is the diffusion rate. And this old theorem, due to Vincent de la Coura, Pascal-Uber and Samuel L'Ilvier, says that the diffusion rate is 2 thirds. So it's not like a random work where the rate is 1 half. In the random work, you have square root of t. Here, you have t power 2 thirds. So it escapes slightly faster than in a random work. And note that I state this theorem regardless. What is there? So this is because of hyperbolic, you said, right? Because it's actually hyperbolic behavior in this case. It is not hyperbolic. No, it's not hyperbolic. So you see, it's not hyperbolic by the following reasons. If you send two trajectories very close to each other, they will stay for a very long time, very close. So it's, yeah. So you know that diffusion rate would not change if I will change the rectangle. So this is also a rectangle, like the previous one. And it's still 2 thirds. And I can replace the previous rectangle by a chocolate plate where we have this very narrow corridors and still t power 2 thirds. So the goal of the talk is to compute this 2 thirds. And perhaps you should give the definition of old. Yes. Old will be explained at the end of the talk. It's old because up to a recent theorem of Esken and Mirza Hani, which will be presented at the end of the talk, this kind of 2 thirds were sort of lucky coincidence. It was in some cases, which were very special, when there was a whole chain of lucky coincidences, it was possible to compute these 2 thirds. Due to a very recent theorem of Esken and Mirza Hani, it became sort of a matter of technology. And this is another goal of the talk to show this technology. So everything which was before Esken and Mirza Hani is old and studying from Esken and Mirza Hani, it's sort of a new age, currently absolutely euphoric. Well, one can change the shape of the obstacle radically, adding corners. And then the escape rate, well, this diffusion rate also changes. It can be computed explicitly. Here double factorial is just product of all even numbers on top and product of all odd numbers in the denominator. This conveys non-convex, which matters. So oops, I can change it by this thing. And it's still the same number. So the only thing which counts is the number of angles pi over 2, which defines the number of angles 3 pi over 2. I can add more complicated angles. If you wish, well, it will be clear in a second. What matters here? Sorry? Discs are not all the angles. Yeah, disks would radically change dynamics because disks will introduce hyperbolic behavior. Ah, OK, because then you stick the convex, because you stick the convex with the help of the hole point and nothing else. Yes, yes. OK, so first I want to replace billiard by a foliage on the surface and forget about billiards once and forever. And the way one replaces billiard by a foliage on the surface can be, well, the best way to express it is to consider billiard in a rectangle. And there is a classical Katok-Zemlikov construction, which actually comes from school Olympiads. Instead of, well, reflecting the billiard trajectory, one can reflect the table. So in this way, the billiard trajectory is transformed to a straight line. And we can follow the billiard trajectory and unfold the billiard all along the trajectory. And the trajectory will become a straight line. And if we fold back this picture, we'll get. So folding back this thing, we get trajectory on the billiard. And I colored the trajectory in four colors because at every moment, the trajectory goes in one of the four directions. So these four colors correspond to four directions. I suggest to identify now, well, our unfolding is too huge. Let's identify, by parallel translations, the patterns which correspond to the same color. Then we'll have only four patterns. And then everything will be identified to a torus. And our torus is glued from four pieces of our initial billiard. And if we fold everything from the torus, we get a billiard trajectory. So we unfolded a billiard trajectory to a straight line on the torus. Exactly in the same way, we can apply exactly the same procedure to our billiard with this wind tree billiard, except that I will take four copies of the initial billiard table, which is infinite. But I have an action of z plus z on this table. Everything is periodic. I quotient over this action. And I get a straight line foliation on the surface of genus five. So we have four torus with holes. Their identifications between the holes, the parts of the holes, are expressed by colors. So we get the surface of genus five. Straight line foliation on the surface. And our initial problem of diffusion of the billiard trajectory can be reformulated in terms of the surface foliation and the following way. We take our leaf of foliation. We take a very long piece of leaf. We close it up. We get the cycle. And we calculate the intersection of the cycle with the cycle H, which is written down here in cycle V. And it tells you how far in the plane went our trajectory and how far top or bottom or how far right or left. So it's exactly the same thing. I just reformulated it in a slightly fancier way. And from now on, I suggest to concentrate on this problem. We have a foliation defined by closed one form on the surface. We want to study the behavior of leaves of this foliation. Or more precisely, we take a very long piece of leaf. We close it up. We get the cycle and homology of the surface. And the question is, what is the behavior of the cycle as the leaf, as we take longer and longer piece of leaf? Know that actually, there is a very nice structure hidden in this picture. So our surface of genus five is endowed with a flat metric. Well, surface of genus five with flat metric. Of course, this flat metric has singularities. It has conical singularities, which are coming from vertices of the polygon. So moreover, so we have flat metric. We have conformal structure. So we have a Riemann surface underlying this picture. And the natural complex coordinate on this Riemann surface, just coordinate z. If we can see that this thing embedded, if we can see that this plane is complex plane, take coordinate z in the plane, this is the natural coordinate on the Riemann surface. And there is one more structure. Let's take the form dz. All our identifications are just parallel translations. So this form dz is well-defined on the Riemann surface. So actually, this picture encodes Riemann surface and the holomorphic one form. And this holomorphic one form, distinguished holomorphic one form, I forgot to say that I consider I have to choose some distinguished direction. And then I have this holomorphic one form. And conical singularities of the flat metric exactly the zeros of this holomorphic one form. So the answer is the discrete parameter, which is responsible for these two thirds, blah, blah, and so on, is, well, in the first term of approximation is the genus of the surface plus the orders of this holomorphic one form. And one more remark, which would be important at the very end in the solution of this problem, note that our Riemann surface has interesting group of symmetries. So one symmetry is just place everything to the right. Another, everything up. Well, and then up, bottom of two. And actually, there is also central symmetry. So we have a group of symmetries of order eight just directly from this picture. We'll use some of them at the end of the story.  This technology is technical dynamics. Let's consider just general flat surfaces with, whereby flat surface, I mean the following structure. So we have a flat surface with several isolated conical singularities, and with completely trivial holonyms. So if I take a vector and I make a parallel translation, it comes back exactly to itself. One can glue flat surfaces like this from polygons where all the sides of the polygon are distributed into pairs of where in each pair, the sides have the same length and are parallel. I identify them by parallel translation. I get a flat surface like this. Or if you prefer the language of pairs, Riemann surface plus holomorphic one form, or this is equivalent object, I forgot to say that I have for this flat surface, I also have to introduce to, as part of the structure, I use some preferred direction. As soon as I choose a direction at some point, I can, since holonyms trivial, I can transport it everywhere without any contradictions. Now, well, there are plenty of important structures on this, on spaces or flat surfaces, or if you wish, on modellized spaces of pairs, Riemann surface plus holomorphic one form. In particular, there is a group action. In terms of these polygons, the group action is as naive as possible. You just take your flat surface, you cut it, say, by straight lines to unfold it to a polygon, put your polygon on the plane. Since you have a preferred direction, the way you put it in the plane is defined up to a parallel translation. And then just act on the plane by linear transformation. You get another polygon with the same property. You glue back the sides. You get a new flat surface. So we have the action of the group on all spaces. So the group together ranks will be shaped. Yes, but the fact that they still, yeah. And so, of course, the direction and the length is changed. But the fact that these two sides are still parallel and have the same, yeah. Why did you need to prefer a diagonal? Sorry? Because if I turn. If you remove these lines, you also can consider polygons. It's popular. So if you just consider polygons, they are two unit SL2R actinette spectra. But then the result of the action will depend how you place your thing in the plane. You would lose there. On canonical, canonical action. I don't know. So how do you have the surface? The surface, it's one. It's given by the polygon in the plane. If you put it in a different surface. Then we need the action, action up to conjugation on it. You would want action. No, there's an action, actually. I'm looking at actual polygons, or an actual polygons, in the R2. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. But you get linear transformation in the R2. Of course it does. SL2R acts on R2. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. For the polygons in R2, you should choose the R2. For the plane. Choose the direction. And you love that. You love what we're doing. No, but if it's an R2, if you wish, there's also a, there's the verdict. R2 already has the effect. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Oh, okay, okay. R2 is not the two dimensional vector space. It's R2. It's the coordinate. It's the vector. In this one. SL2R acts on R2. I'm not taking the abstract two dimensional vector. No, you take the surfaces, it's the sort of direction everywhere. It's kind of vector field. And why do you deny it? SL2R acts on R2. No, because R2 has a coordinate. Yeah, but to place, to unfold the flat surface and to place it in R2, I can do it if it's only flat metric. I can do it after rotation. Of course, in space after.  If they plane after some of the group does that. You need two dimensions. An auto-automated, which is probably. Yes, there is flat metric, so. It's already at the motion. Last limitation. So here's their theorem, which actually is the background of the whole story. Yeah, I forgot to say that by this notation says that I can see the flat surfaces with, well, this encodes the cone angles. All cone angles are integer multiples of two pi. So they're encoded by integer numbers. Or another way, if you consider if you prefer the language with holomorphic one-forms, that's just the degrees of holomorphic one-forms. So some of these degrees is two G minus two. And one means that I consider area one. So the first theorem says that the action of this group and even of their diagonal subgroup, you just contract everything horizontally and expand everything vertically. So this action is ergodic, meaning that if you start with almost, well, you take a surface by random, you apply this flow, the corresponding trajectory visit every tiny domain in the space, and also it visited with a frequency which is proportional to the volume of this domain. So another way to see this action of the group is, so. Yeah, but I'm sorry, I know the torah's not quite rewarding for this stage. One point, space of torah. In space of torah, the space of torah is modulus surface. And my flow, yeah, this is a very good point. In genus one, I consider the space of all flat surfaces. This is a space of torah, and a space of flat torah with the chosen of area one and with chosen direction. So this is an analog of a unit tangent bundle to the modulus surface. And the flow in this case, yes, it is. Yeah, it is it. And the flow is the geodesic flow. And another way to see their action of the group is to note that locally our space of flat surfaces or this moduli space of pairs, Riemann surface plus holomorphic one form is modeled on this coromalgy space. So it's a relative coromalgy of the topological surface underlying topological surface relative with respect to finite collection of points which are just zeros of the form. So we consider not only absolute periods but also relative periods of this form with complex coefficients. And, well, this thing can be represented in this way and then you start acting on this R2 just by linear group and you get the action. And by the way, this representation also explains where does the canonical volume form comes from. So in these coordinates, we have linear vectors, we have vector space. So we have one parameter family of volume elements but as soon as we have a lattice and we do have a lattice considering coromalgy, oops, I had to put I here, Z plus IZ. So we have, we consider integer coromalgy. This gives a lattice just choose the linear volume element which assigns volume one to a fundamental domain of the lattice and you get a distinguished volume element. And when I'm considering surfaces of area one, this corresponds to sort of unit hyperboloid in this space because area is represented by quadratic expression in terms of periods plus periods conjugates. So we can find this volume element of this hyperboloid and part of the theorem which was just formulated says that the total volume of this or hyper volume of this space is finite. Well, this is not quite trivial because the space is not compact. Okay, now why I'm so excited about this theorem because one of the ways to see to express this theorem is as follows. Take by random an octagon like this, well, with this property that sides are distributed in the pairs. Then the theorem claims that if you choose appropriate sequence of times of contracting and expanding, you will approach with this. This thing will approach arbitrary closed, your preferred octagon say regular octagon. Looking at this picture, it seems absurd but the theorem is stated not about polygons but about flat surfaces. So you are able at any point, you are right to take a pairs of scissors and cut and paste, repaste, re-glue your polygon as you wish, preserving of course the relations between identifications of sides. So this theorem can be formulated as follows. Combining these two operations which commute, so you just squeeze and push in vertical direction and use scissors in a smart way. So if you choose in a smart way the sequence of times, you can approach whatever you wish, for example, regular octagon. Arbitrary closed. So the first modification of course changes the flat structure and the second just changes the pattern. It does not change the point of the modeling space. Okay, now let's recall that we are trying to solve very concrete problem. We have a fullation of straight lines on such a flat surface, for example, flat torus. We take longer and longer pieces of leaves and we close them up, we construct the sequence of cycles in first homology of the surface and we want to describe the behavior of the sequence of cycles. So let's start with the model case which is torus, nothing can be easier and the way when we stop to close up a piece of trajectory can be chosen as follows. Let's take a short transversal to the fullation and each time we cross the transversal we close up the cycle and draw a vector in this homology space. Well, there is one of the consequences of ergodic theorem says that, well, which can be applied to arbitrary surface, says that if we normalize the cycles by n, this thing will tend to a limit which is called the asymptotic cycle and the fact that the same construction would work for arbitrary flat, well, for almost any flat surface, well, no, sorry, for any flat surface in almost any direction on any flat surface is guaranteed by this theorem of Kerkhoff, Maser and Smiley saying that for any flat surface, directional flow in almost any direction is uniquely ergodic. So it really mimics the situation with the, well, for torus, yeah, mimics the situation with the torus. And also I suggest sort of the way to an interpretation of this asymptotic cycle. When you have this irrational fullation on a torus, so if I take off the glasses and I look at the picture you cannot distinguish whether it's a rational fullation or a rational fullation with an angle which has large denominator. So morally you can consider an irrational fullation as if it's rational along a cycle which is very, very long and which approximates this irrational fullation very well, except that to be honest, the cycle is not integer, it's real now. So, and this is something, well, it's not only for surfaces or torus, we'll see exactly the same story in much more complicated situation where we'll consider this Daimler flow on this modular space of piers and it's ergodic so we'll pretend that actually it follows very long cycle in this modular space in a second. Okay, now suppose that we are in a periodic situation and suppose that our fullation corresponds to an unosso map on the torus. And suppose that the fullation is taken in the direction of expanding eigenvector of this unosso map and that the transverse segment is taken in direction of the contracting eigenvector of this unosso map. Well, then it's clear that this direction is just the direction of expanding vector because if I take just any pair of integer cycles, for example, I take meridian of the torus, parallel of the torus, they correspond to these two integer vectors, I'm studying and playing the matrix and very fast the images of these vectors and actually the images of the curves, physical curves on the surface, they will get aligned along the fullation. The same is valid for these first return cycles because if I will consider the fundamental domain of the torus corresponding to this first return map to their transverse segment, our fundamental domains wouldn't be squares, the torus will be tiled with these guys and so each rectangle here represents the first return cycle and if I apply my unosso map, the torus will be mapped to itself but this picture, so this segment will get constructed, these guys will get expanded and we see that these first return cycles to a longer interval are mapped by our map to the first return cycles to a shorter sub-interval and we know how the map acts, so it's like powers over a fixed matrix. Now, two remarks, first of course, there is nothing special about torus in this story. I can construct a transversal and first return cycles for flat surface of arbitrary genus and the second thing, pretend that, well, not pretend, so in the simplest situation when the exfoliation is the exfoliation, this expanding exfoliation of some pseudo-unosso map, I can apply exactly the same argument and we see immediately that our sequence of cycles or first return cycles will be stretched along the direction of the dominating eigenvector and what is less trivial is that in generic situation when our exfoliation is just any exfoliation, I will use this theorem of Maser and Witch and we'll pretend that there is some virtual pseudo-unosso map responsible for this foliation and this can be really, so the formalized. So I can, so this theorem says that if I stretch the surface and then cut and paste, then for appropriate times this operation really mimics as if we are following a periodic trajectory of the geodesic flow or if as if we're applying the matrix of one and the same transformation many times and so their quantitative empirical description of behavior over the sequence of cycles. Yeah, I pushed, yeah. These as follows. So they stretch along some distinguished direction which mimics the direction of the top eigenvector but there is also some extra direction which mimics the direction of the second eigenvector. So in the second term of approximation all these vectors live in a two-dimensional plane but they are deviating from this plane already with some fact, as well as the normed power lambda two which is small to one and then if we. What would you mean? That is the orbit of the formation and orbit of the nautical map. So you speak about which one now? I'm speaking, so I consider one individual foliation. For this foliation I consider first return cycles and these first return cycles are represented by these points and homology and I'm claiming that these vectors behave as if these vectors are obtained by acting with some fixed metrics on sort of randomly chosen. I mean, acting by metrics. Sorry, powers of, so I take as if there exists some metrics which mimics a metrics of induced by an automorphism of the surface in homology and as if I'm taking power two, three, four and central of this metrics and. No, no, so it's the transformation space of metrics. You just taught the metric by some transformation. I'm saying that, so I'm saying that this is the empirical that this is the. No, it's the use of the metric in the context to apply metric. You can apply metrics. Yes, it does, it uses it on the same. I will return to this slide. Yes, this slide. So here we had a fallation in direction of expanding eigenvector of this transformation. And it was not surprising that actually all integer cycles are stretched in direction of their top eigenvector corresponding to this transformation. What I'm claiming is that you take now arbitrary surface and you take fallation by random. And this fallation by random. So at random, sorry. You take almost any straight line fallation on almost any flat surface. And I'm saying that if you consider these first return cycles, they actually mimic this story except that now the matrix is, well, the induced. So our homology space is 2G dimensional. So matrix induced in the first homology by an automorphism of a surface of genus G would be, well, in fixed coordinates is 2G times 2G syntactic matrix. So it has more room. And I'm claiming that when, say, if you construct these vectors by a computer, the whole story is as if there is some hidden symplectic matrix which constructs these vectors as before. Well, the powers of which construct this? The weak power of a matrix. The weak power of a matrix. I understand this. Matrix. Sorry, matrix. Yeah, I'm in such a rush. If he says matrix, he means matrix. OK, again, you know, I need a particle problem. OK, so this would be a solution of the problem. Of course. So this is just a formalization of what was drawn on the previous picture. And actually, so everything was already said except one thing. These numbers lambda 1, lambda 2, and so on, which appear, which are responsible for this deviation spectrum, they have a meaning. They are called Lepunov exponents of the Hodge bundle along the technical geodesic flow. And now I have to say what a Lepunov exponents. And this would be done on the next slide. And the only important comment here is that the fact that there is a whole flag up to a g-dimensional Lagrangian subspace in homology, which is responsible for this deviation cycle, the fact that this is a complete flag, it's two complicated theorems proved later. One of them is by Giovanni Forni and the other by Artur Aivella and Marcelo Viano. And they are really non-trivial. And your theorem depends on data theorems. It was sort of conditional. So as whatever sequence of inequalities we have here, there is a corresponding flag of subspaces which mimics these inequalities. So what are the Lepunov exponents? You can forget about everything which was pronounced up to now. Consider the following situation. Suppose you have a vector bundle endowed with a flat connection and a flow on the base of the bundle. Suppose that we are lucky and the flow is, say, ergodic. Then we can play the following game. We take a fiber of the bundle and we flow it along the trajectory of the flow on the base. From time to time, since the flow is ergodic, we come close to the initial point. We can close up the trajectory and measure the monogamy of the vector. But you never said providing a plane. Why did you give this connection? Because I don't want to be dependent on the way I close up trajectories, basically for simplicity. Yeah, you're right. You're right. But in this situation, I don't need to bother about explaining how do I close up the trajectories. Well, then this doesn't have a classical case of tension bundle, which is OK. It's my fault. But here, here we are lucky. So because, yeah, sorry, I forgot. So now I can formulate the multiplicative ergodic theorem and define Lyapunov exponents. So let's consider many returns close to the initial point. And let's produce the following matrix. So matrix A is the monogamy after n returns. So I multiply it by transpose to get a symmetric matrix. Then I can evaluate this root. And the multiplicative ergodic theorem claims that there is a well-defined limit, which does not depend on the starting point. And this matrix mimics sort of mean monogamy. Morally, it pretends that instead of a flow, we have one very long periodic trajectory. And we measure sort of monogamy along this one periodic trajectory, in a sense. And the logarithms of eigenvalues of this matrix, matrix, sorry, of this matrix are called Lyapunov exponents. Now, in our particular situation, the base is this moduli space of piers, holomorphic one forms plus a billion differential, or what is the same, the moduli space of flat surfaces. And the vector bundle is the real hodge bundle. So we associate to every surface just its homology. And the flat connection is Gauss-Mannian connection. In the homology of the surface, we have intergelatis. And there is the only way to transport the fibers in such way that the intergelatis is preserved, is respected. OK, so we're exactly in the same situation. We have this flow, which was just defined on the moduli space. We have a vector bundle, and we have a connection. One can measure Lyapunov exponents. And the numbers which were presented just a second ago are exactly at this Lyapunov exponents. OK. Now, I promise to arrive to numbers, so I have to evaluate them. Well, Lyapunov exponents are defined very generally. Very nice object, very important in dynamics. The main trouble with this is that usually it's impossible to calculate them. They're just disastrous. Well, sometimes when one is lucky, one can estimate them. But here, where all our structures are so reaching, geometry that will arrive to true evaluation. I need to define one more ingredient to formulate the statement about the Lyapunov exponents. So let's temporarily forget about this moduli space of flat surface and so on. Let's consider one individual flat surface, and let's count geodesics on this flat surface. So one can count geodesics on a flat torus. It's allowed to go to the secretion. No, I want to count regular geodesics. So if one counts regular geodesics on a flat torus, the number of closed geodesics of bounded length grows quadratically with length. So if you count how many geodesics of length at most one milliard, you can find it. No, not the same. Yeah, yeah, sorry. Yeah, of course. Classes of geodesics, absolutely. So we get the approximate, well, the number is gross. Well, the number is the same as the number of primitive points, primitive integer points in a disk of radius 1 million, which is the area of the disk times pi squared over 6. Yeah, yeah, yeah, of course, the LS, yes. So one can do the very same thing on any flat surface. So again, of course, closed geodesics appear not individually, but appear in families. And let's count them, but this time, so on a torus, a family fills the entire torus. Now, if we have a closed regular geodesic, we can move a little bit to the right or a little bit to the left. There would be another closed regular geodesic like this. But at some point, it will hit a conical point. So at this time, we stop. So we have a band, we have this flat cylinder filled with closed regular geodesics. Let's count them with a weight, which is the thickness of this cylinder in the sense that let's count them with a weight, which is the area of the cylinder. And I recall that we normalize the area of the entire surface by 1. So we count the closed geodesics with weight, which is the area of the cylinder. And here's the theorem of which, well, which was adopted to this particular weighted count by Vorobets. It says that if we count the number of closed regular geodesic, the weighted number of closed regular geodesic on a flat surface, Ls bounded by length L. And then we average with respect to, say, entire stratum. And then normalized by this L squared, the result does not depend on L. L disappears. Well, this, no, no, I average S, sorry. This is a family of flat surfaces. Well, more formal theorem is for any SL2R invariant family of flat surfaces. You measure for each flat surface of this number and then average with respect to all flat surfaces in this family. Then the only parameter which, since we averaged with respect to S, doesn't depend on the first L. Yeah, yeah, they're two different Ls, sorry. Yeah, that was very, yeah, this L is a family of flat surfaces in, well, say, like this one. Calligraphic letters are always brothers and sisters of this thing, who are SL2R invariant. So this constant is called Siegelwitz constant. And by the way, this quadratic asymptotics, the same constant appears in quadratic asymptotics for almost all individual flat surfaces in this family. But what I need is this theorem, because this theorem suggests how to compute this number. You see, since it does not depend on the bound for the length of trajectory, initially this theorem was designed for bound, which is large. But nobody prevents us from taking a bound, which is very small.  The theorem is still valid. Now, it's bound for the length of trajectory. We're counting how many closed geodesics of length. What is L again? This regular L is the bound for the length of geodesic. We're counting how? It's going to go back to L. Yes, at most L, at most L. Most L, but that can be epsilon. Yeah, you are right. For most of flat surfaces, if I put a bound epsilon, I just get 0. There are no short geodesics. So there are some surfaces for which we will be lucky. And there is sort of a bottleneck where we'll find one short geodesic, and this is rare. And there will be even less flat surfaces for which we can find two short independent geodesics. But remember, we normalize here by 1 over p epsilon squared now. So I'm claiming that one can forget about surfaces where there are two or more independent short-closed geodesics. And basically, this integral is reduced to the volume of the part of the space of those surfaces where one can find at least one closed geodesic. Now, the structure of this part of the space of flat surfaces is like this. We have several sort of reasonable flat surfaces joined by narrow long cylinders. And this enables to evaluate the volume of the space. Because from this picture, it's already clear that everything would be reduced to products of volumes of moduli spaces corresponding to this sort of thick pieces with some combinatorics involved. So these combinatorics can be done. And one can evaluate this Siegelwitz constant. And it's really an expression in terms of volumes of this adjacent strato-flat surfaces normalized by the volume of the initial strato with some explicit combinatorial factor, which is a rational number, which can be calculated. It's some combinatorics, but it's doable. Also, so combinatorics is explicitly described. Volumes are fortunately calculated by Eskin and Akunkov. So for holomorphic one-forms, this constant can be computed in full small genera. There is an analogous story for slightly more general flat metric with almost trivial holonomies. They correspond to quadratic differentials. There is a problem. The volumes are not computed as numbers. But let's stay for a while with holomorphic one-forms. So here's the formula for the sum of this G Lyapunov exponents. It's this simple-minded expression in terms of degrees of 0s of holomorphic one-form plus the Siegelwitz constant normalized with pi squared over 3. So this thing, well, it's already there. This thing can be computed. So this Lyapunov exponents could be computed. Now, just a word about the proof. It's based on the initial maximum observation that, on average, with respect to a circle in the Tehmel space, which corresponds to orbit of the Cecil 2R, of the variation of a Lagrangian subspace does not depend on the Lagrangian subspace. And this is an enormous simplification. It reduces the whole computation to some integral over the moduli space. And then computation of some integral which involves the curvature of this time holomorphic hodge bundle. And then one have to struggle with analytic Riemann-Roch theorem, compare asymptotics of determinant of flat metric and underlying hyperbolic metric when the surface degenerates. Apply some cutoff and get this formula. Yeah, 130 pages and 15 seconds. That's my personal record. OK, now we arrive to nowadays. A very recent theorem of Eskin and Mirza Hani says that, well, everything which I told are applicable to this SL 2R invariant submanifolds, they claim that any SL 2R orbit in this space of flat surfaces, the closure of any SL 2R orbit, is a nice orbit fold. This is a miracle in dynamical systems. When you consider closures of orbits in dynamical systems, you get just arbitrary, complicated objects of irrational Hausdorff dimension and so on. And here, this theorem mimics a theorem of Ratner for the corbitlosures of unipotent flow. We know that the modelized space is not homogeneous. No, not the equal and generated but unipotent. Yeah, sorry. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I was too fast. Yes. OK, so the development of this story and I did, sorry, I forgot to say about this. Moreover, in the homological coordinates which I represented, these invariant suborbive folds are just affine subspaces. And not arbitrary affine spaces. I just don't have time to describe them. But there are plenty of constraints what affine spaces can, in principle, appear as orbitlosures and SL 2R invariant manifolds. So this theorem before something like this was already known in genus 2, because in genus 2, there is a classification of all SL 2R invariant manifolds due to Kurt McMullen. But genus 2 is very particular. And nobody knew before this theorem whether it was something specific about genus 2 or not. No, it's not. So this is a general theorem. Another development is that they're really efficient methods of constructing orbitlosures. Another recent development says that for any given flat surface, it's really. So this theorem generalizes this theorem of Kirchhoff-Mezus Smiley saying that for any flat surface, almost any direction is uniquely ergodic. This theorem says that for any flat surface, almost any direction is Lyapunov generic. And this shows what should be the technology of trying to understand the topology of any flat surface. So you take any flat surface, and you want to understand the behavior of a directional fallation in almost any direction. So the technology is as follows. Apply this theorem. So push the button and find the orbit closure. It is really with all this recent development that became a technological question. So you just have to work hard. As soon as you found the orbit closure, you have to calculate the Lyapunov exibands for this orbit closure. And this is the answer to all the questions. Now, in the wind tree problem, there was extra lucky coincidences. One can notice that our flat surface is a cover of a surface in the hyperliptic locus in genus 1. And that the cycles H and V, which we're interested in, are coming from this genus 1. Now, you apply this technology and you prove that the orbit closure of almost any wind tree surface is the entire hyperliptic locus. And then, since it's in genus 1, the sum of Lyapunov exibands is just one Lyapunov exiband. You compute it. You get to thirds. If you consider this wind tree flat surfaces with more complicated shape, there is another hyperliptic locus. You compute all the same. You find Lyapunov exibands. You get this number, which was there. Now, I still have several minutes. I want to present one application. I will skip the other one. I want to compute the volumes in genus 0 for quadratic differential. So I suggest to consider slightly more general flat surfaces in the sense that, for a flat surface like this, the holonomy is already in the group Z over to Z. But otherwise, it's the same. But I want to restrict myself to genus 0. And we have seen that computing volumes is actually equivalent to computing, well, the number of the volume of the modulite space. I want to compute the volume of the modulite space of flat surfaces like this. So genus 0 and, say, three singularities, conical singularities with an angle like this. What kind of volume? You say it's a stratum. Yes. So for each stratum, I have these cohomological coordinates, which are slightly more complicated in this case. Is there a special coordinate for volemics? Yes. And basically, I have to count the number of integer points on a huge ball in these cohomological coordinates, which is equivalent to counting how many flat surfaces styled, let's say, 1 zillion squares. And with this singularity data, I can find connected. And as a matter of fact, for genus 0, this is counting who its number with the ramification data like this. This guy is, so yeah, that's another several words. So here's the guy. And it's not me who did this guy. It's Maxim, actually. I cannot help telling the story. We were desperately counting these volumes, using some combinatorics, relating some terrible sums to multiple zeta values, then using Don's wonderful code for relations between different multiple zeta values to find the final answer. And at some point, it wasn't born more than 10 years ago. At some point, Maxim comes to my office and says, oh, I found this thing in Puppin's Koenig, I guess, close to their train station. One can really create, one can construct them. And another story which I want to tell is that, well, we did this thing. It was in my office. And at some point, we brought the family of my colleague to Max Black Institute to show how mathematicians work. So there was the three-year-old son of this colleague and a friend of his wife. And the son said, oh, I know now what mathematicians do. And the friend of the wife of my colleague who was an artist said, oh, I had it in my childhood, but I never had an idea that one can construct volumes. I always did flowers which were flat and so on. And I'm telling this to store, well, to things because to my mind, this really characterizes the way Maxim does mathematics. It's really the way he does mathematics. He plays with it. Like, no, well, you started it. Yeah, I just finished. Yeah, you started it. And so he really plays like a kid. And he sees things which other people do not see, which are just behind them. And, well, he creates, well, so this sort of things out of nothing. And working with him, it's like broad, well. What's supposed to represent? It's, yeah, it's square tile surface. It's square tile surface. It's an integer point. Well, OK, rectangle type. Yeah, it's integer point in this space. So basically, counting volume is equivalent to counting how many, so you are given 1 milliard squares like this, how many connected surfaces you can construct using at most 1 milliard squares, having exactly these conical singularities. OK, we'll show you the zero. Yeah. So. And you have a specific focus. Maybe go on, yeah. So let's, for quadratic differentials, there is a similar formula for the sum of Lyapunov exponents. Let's apply it to genus zero. In genus zero, there are no first homology. So on the left-hand side, we just have zero. The sum is equal to zero trivially. So we get a relation between the Siegelwitz constant and this expression just for free. We have this expression for Siegelwitz constant. On the other hand, one can use the expression for the, yeah, sorry. Now I will tell the answer and then the solution. So let's define the following function of an integer number n. It's double factorial of n divided by double factorial of shifted n, corrected by pi power n, and corrected by this last factor. And let's define, by definition, double factorial of minus 1 and of zero as 1. Then here's the formula for the volume of strato of miromorphic quadratic differentials with at most simple poles in genus zero. Just the product of these guys evaluated at d i's. So Maxime conjectured this formula about 10 years ago using approximate values of Lyapunov exponents computed by computer and looking in this particular case and then making a guess for a general case. And yes, this guess is true. And to prove this guess, you use this formula for the Siegelwitz constant and the expression of the Siegelwitz constant in terms of volumes. So you get series of relations for the volumes. And to prove that the formula for the volumes is sufficient to plug in the guessed formula in this thing and prove that the relations are really true. This is some combinatorics which can be done. So here are the relations. And one have to write down, well, generating function for this thing. This is the generating function for this sum and for this sum is the same. And this is one does not obtain this relation on the nose, but using some functional relations between these functions, one can prove this. This I will skip whether it, yeah. So this is a description how the computation sort of fails trying to make computation honestly. The Lyapunov exponents were not designed to compute volumes. Everything goes vice versa. The volumes were supposed to be used to compute Lyapunov exponents. And it was just in a protocol how we tried to generalize Maxim's combinatorial results well, to compute volumes honestly. And this is just a list of problems with which I want to finish. So there are plenty of, well, there is this brand new theorem of Eskin and Mirzaghani and all the results of it. But now the question is whether it's possible to make a classification of a Seltor invariant submanifolds. And it's really very interesting. And there are recent indications that there are nontrivial interesting Seltor invariant manifolds, the origin of which we do not understand currently. And another thing is, well, there are plenty of problems. Well, another thing is, say, to compute volumes when genus tends to infinity. There is when genus is, well, finite genus, even for a billion differential, the formula of Eskin and Nukunikov is rather an algorithm how to compute. It's not a compact formula. For quadratic differentials, it's even more complicated. But it looks like when genus tends to infinity, there is enormous asymptotic simplification. And there is a confirmation for the principal stratoments confirmed in recent work of Dawi Chen, Martin Merler, and Don Zagir. Well, and also it would be interesting to do everything not analytically, but algebraically. It would be great to compute this Zigalovich constant, for example, to find an interpretation of it in terms of some intersection theorem, which is probably not constructed yet, say, like ELSP formula, or something like this. And finally, one more problem is to study dynamics of the Hodge bundle of other families of complex varieties and some experimental results for families of Calabiyaus are already obtained by Maxime. And another thing which would be extremely interesting would be to go backwards. So here we started with billions, and we found an interpretation in terms of modular space of curves. It would be funny to start with some modular spaces of complex varieties and to go back and to find an interpretation with some renormalization of simple-minded dynamical systems like billiards. So thank you for your attention, and congratulations from the entire billiard community to Maxime. Thanks, Speaker Ging.


As 2023 General Elections draws nearer, calls have been made by authorities and various stakeholders on the need for citizens to obtain their permanent photos cards. Visited by plus-TV news to some INEC registration centres in Kano shows that the electorates are experiencing difficulties, despite effort to obtain their peavuses. Residents in Kano are disturbed by the apparent insufficiency of manpower in the conduct of the continuous voter registration exercise in the state ahead of the forthcoming polls. At the INEC headquarters in Kano, residents from various locations troop to either register or obtain their peavuses. However, most of them complain bitterly over the delay in voter registration. Now I'm a Muslim. I suppose to pray morning prayer. After my morning prayer, I keep an assidue and I say, that's why I come to check in here. But one problem is just simple. The INEC people have problem. They don't have a same party for Nigeria's. And God will say, since this is my home, and from Lagos, just to change this thing now to Kano, I've been put it in there. I mean this now. Now this is how I'm achieving it. See, we don't have a problem, but as a patriotic Nigerian, I would say, I would not have to move, because I'm a log. I make a log. Let's get to say that I'm taking 120.  Just like that. But it shall allow us to come back to work. Once we have this in, even though we don't have this in progress, it's not really what I'd like to make Nigerians, and especially even the traders. Now it will be very flexible for them to get their babies. We know they are crying, but they should add more effort. They should add more effort by making it very easy, so that as soon as you come, you get your own. Because we that are here, we are here, and so many people have not yet got it. So we are here for the union. We are here for the human traders. Impossible. They should know how to do it, so that they can be very, very easy. So many of us have more to do at home. So that is what we have to do. They should try and make more effort. Let's give this to me, the hands of Nigerians. Early this morning, as early as this is, we have to go to Maslan to do this thing. To let our goodness come. So I'm getting to that place. The road thing. After writing the name. At the end of the day, we came back. Because here I'm working, I have to go home to... At least I've written my name. Let me just rush you and freshen up and come back. And get back there. They say that there are a few people that have got it to their limits. So I rush down to this place now. I get to this place. They say, okay, I've got it. I'm not there. I'm home number again. So we have to go home and come back. There are people that have spent a long time going home, coming back, going home, coming back, but they are here to get this hodaskar. Now, this is something that is paramount for every Nigerian to have. Because if you must go to need this, and voting is our right. And if you must exercise our right to need this hodaskar. So, and if some people will get tired, if they keep suffering, they're going to be coming back, going to come back. They are spending transportation, spending their time. So people are like me, I'm working. They cannot permit me to go to my office now to go to the... Maybe tomorrow they permit me, maybe next tomorrow they permit me. I am not working for myself. People have left their businesses for days, coming here every day. They are still pouring in over there. They are saying, I do not have a day. They want to get access. But they say they have gotten it. I don't know why. I think here is their headquarters, if I'm right. They are taking only one 50 minutes. They say that one 50 you take from morning to 6 in the evening. It means that the time is not fast. That's number one. Because even a cyber cafe that has fast network, I don't want to have 50 to 20. Numbers we consider in Canada because we are facing hard times just to collect our PBC, which is our right. We have been pressured by our colleagues to get our PBC, all to know our view. We have children and jobs to do, but we decided to leave them and get our PBC. And we can't seem to get it because INEC said they are only registering 150 people per day. This is not fair because we have sacrificed a lot. In May, INEC stated that 259,503 PBCs were collected in Kano states. Also, a recent statement by the Kano resident commissioner of INEC, Rizkawa Arabi, pointed out that out of 312,000 applicants, 227,000 had completed their registration in the states. Stephen Inok, plus the news, Kano.


Most of the forests are degraded because people want to grow agricultural crops. They know the value they get from agricultural crops, but they don't get much from forests as such. For someone to appreciate the carbon, the oxygen, the weather, it takes them a while. You have to be hit hard, like today, where we don't get rains when we are supposed to get them, when temperatures go high, then you tell them it is due to cutting down trees. They say, oh, okay, what next? If only NGOs could be facilitated further, but also government to come in and do the same, then we would be able to reach a much wider audience, and that is a more significant and effective way of conserving the currently diminishing resources.


Live from the Oracle Conference Center in the heart of Silicon Valley. Extracting the signal from the noise. It's theCUBE covering the Oracle Cloud Lunch brought to you by Oracle. Now your host, John Furrier and Dave Vellante. Hello, everyone. Welcome to theCUBE Silicon Angles flagship program. We go out to the events and extract the signal noise. Welcome to our special presentation at Oracle's Cloud Announcement. This is our pre-gaming session. I'm John Furrier with my co-host Dave Vellante with wikibon.org. We're here to break down the Oracle Cloud Announcement. Our first guest is Steve Dehebs, SVP of Pass BI EMP of Business Group. Welcome to theCUBE. Thanks for having me. So the room is empty right now in a few minutes it's going to be packed with the press, top press corps and customers and partners. Larry Ellison's keynote. I'll say you guys got a big announcement. We don't want to reveal too much but the platform of cloud certainly is legit in terms of the mind of the customer. Now with an Oracle, the earnings we're out, you're seeing huge growth. Yes. Larry Ellison's putting cloud into everything in the cloud. Oracle is all in on cloud. Give us a quick update from your perspective what's happening. Yeah, I think as you'd said if you saw from the earnings release there's a great amount of momentum around cloud. Not only from a bookings perspective but when you look at the growth rates compare when you look at the number of customers ratting you know over 1400 customers just in platform services alone compared to 400 just last quarter. So we're seeing tremendous adoption for the cloud and today what's really exciting is in addition we're going to continue to show that commitment we've made where we're going to roll out a suite of new services that both Larry and then Thomas Curian are going to talk about. We're also going to see some of the products in action as well. So the Oracle's growth is attracting a lot of talent. You're new to Oracle. I am. So talk about why Oracle they're pulling back a lot of talent certainly ex-Oracle folks we've interviewed in the past but you're seeing a renaissance of folks who are really seasoned professionals coming back to Oracle. Why? What's the attraction? For me I mean probably the big reason I came back was actually to be on theCUBE. So I just want to put that right now. So that was sort of part of the deal. But you know to be honest it's what you said I've been in the valley born and raised been here for 22 plus years in terms of tech. I actually remember growing up in the area where there wasn't an Oracle there used to be this theme park with animals running around all over the place and I actually watched those Oracle buildings go up. You know and I watched what incredible company Oracle's become and I do believe in why I joined because I believe our best days are still ahead of us. I've been fortunate enough to touch every single part of the Oracle stack. I've been in networking, I've been in storage, I've been in compute, security, mobility, cloud and I think you know those pieces separate are interesting but at the end of the day that aggregation is really important and that's what Oracle uniquely provides. I mean we have the entire stack we seamlessly integrate them and so from an end user's perspective they're much greater than the sum of the parts. The solutions that we can offer are incredible and then also got to step back and look at what that customer's journey is. You know we talk about premise versus cloud and the answer is it's both. You know it's not an either or discussion and you know we can seamlessly bridge people from one to the other where we're uniquely differentiated is everything, all the technology, all the skill sets people have learned on premise to operate our equipment to run applications are the same things in the cloud and that's where I think we have competitive differentiation as well which I'd love to talk to you about but that's our opportunity. Companies made a major investment understanding where the market's going and so that's why I was excited to come here. So Steve a lot of people might say okay well the cloud, yes it's early days it's still a small portion of the $2 trillion business but everybody's doing cloud now Oracle's coming in making a lot of noise you get a lot of marketing power are you late to cloud? What's really, where's the substance of your cloud? Can you sort of convince us that this is not just cloud washing? Yeah, no I agree that that's actually a good point and I think what you probably saw it open world in terms of the announcements we made and I think proof's gonna be in the pudding today when you see the continued commitment and the amount of services that were rolling out and this doesn't happen overnight so when you look at competitors and they talk cloud you might get a filibuster and some hand waving but at the end of the day this has been decades in development I mean this is a vision the team has had for quite some time and so this isn't overnight success this is understanding the customer's needs and doing it the right way not just popping something in the cloud that doesn't work with your legacy equipment for instance Microsoft SQL server premise doesn't work with Microsoft SQL server and cloud so Oracle's been very thoughtful 70 plus billions of dollars worth of investment over a decade's worth of work in order to get us here and what I will say just one of the when you look at Oracle it's about four decades old now so if you think about every single major transition that's happened in technology mainframe, to client server, to internet, to mobile, to cloud I mean Oracle's been there to help transition people to connect information to applications people to their data and that's what we're still doing today and so I think that was the approach we took for over 35 years we've been about the same thing we've led customers through transitions now it's cloud and whatever's next So you summarized it or you touched on it can you summarize the sort of cloud Oracle cloud strategy for us? Yeah, absolutely I think it's a very comprehensive strategy that looks at all pieces because at the end of the day you're gonna need choice you're gonna, you know, whether that's and so if you look at the layers of the stack we have everything from infrastructure as a service so Amazon kind of does good there but you have to have that piece as well as platforms as a service so that full operating environment upon which you can develop apps run your workloads, what have you and then at the top level those applications as well the SaaS applications and so all of those in aggregate that full stack working together is really where we differentiate ourselves and why we still back and said holistically, what's the right you know, pieces we need to deliver in order to best support our customers? Steve, I want to ask you about the customer environment you mentioned obviously the trend towards the growth, 1400 plus new customers last quarter in cloud but Amazon certainly changed the game and you're seeing what Amazon has shown on the cloud integrated stack is critical Oracle has made an investment we've talked about this in theCUBE you know, six years ago when we first started going to Oracle Open World with theCUBE was Larry's engineered system was really telegraphing that kind of trend you know, he wanted to be the iPhone of the data centers was a quote I think he made but that's kind of playing that investment was kind of really looking at more the hardware but now go fast forward to cloud with Amazon kind of telegraphing the way customers want to consume what is it about Oracle's integrated approach that you find the most relevant for customers? Yeah, I think that's right I mean, I think if you saw us pioneering that approach on premise so think about taking that same vision and applying it to cloud so again, I mean, if you look at what we have we take it a step further it's not just an integrated stack but then it's the platform as a service the security, the mobility, the BI all the applications we layer on top from a CRM perspective from a marketing perspective from an HR perspective so think about what you have to do today I could go and I can get my workday here my sales force here my marketo here you know, I can go you know, and it's just this how do you manage that? I can go get some compute and service from Amazon and I have to tie that into my premise-based applications and at some point, you know that becomes a pretty difficult task and so to think about how you could step back have a fully integrated stack a full engineered system in the cloud and I'm sort of glad you set that up because stay tuned we'll have some news there as well where we leverage that technology in the cloud you know, that's something I don't think anybody else can say Yeah, I always, Dave and I always talk about like sports analogies and NASCAR is kind of the one we use where the cars are jockeying and then someone slingshots out in front Oracle's kind of been behind the pack now in the middle of the pack now looks like you guys are going to be leading but at the end of the game it's all about the apps so the engine of innovation what do you call engineered systems or what not all customers care about it I got to power the apps and I'm trying to abstract away the infrastructure seems to be the big trend so how are you guys seeing the customer environment because new apps is one moving existing apps, workloads and then integration so those are kind of three major areas we see in our research around that what, how does it, does it hit all three? What's that all about? It absolutely does you know, so I mean I think that's the exciting thing I do agree it's all about apps at the end of the day it's been a big part of my career in apps so infrastructure is good but at the end of the day you know how to support it you got to have a nice engine in there you have a nice engine but you're right and I do think look at our stack I mean we have the new apps you know that covers sort of everything you need from a customer experience to the run the business ERP your HR systems your sales your marketing systems you know Oracle has all of that and we can offer that to any segment of the market so that's really exciting think about those enterprise apps that people develop today you know there might be these legacy apps that have a long tail that people have built for their finance their transportation their healthcare whatever these apps might be how do you bring those forward and mobilize them how do you bring those forward and leverage the cloud while still securing them and then how do you tie them into these new applications because at the end of the day you need some tie and that's something we can uniquely do so we have a platform that allows you to bring applications forward to the cloud and mobilize them we have a platform that allows you to take new apps and extend their capabilities and integrate them and manage them across premise and hybrid and so I think that's perfectly stated and when you really take a good look at the Oracle offering you know why we're so differentiated and why I think we offer choice and can you uniquely guide customers through this journey so you guys aren't afraid to talk about the competition so let's talk about the competition you mentioned Microsoft Nuance with SQL Server the two biggies on the app side Workday and Salesforce came up a lot came up on the earnings call and we made a big point about being much, much larger than Workday and then not bigger than Salesforce but growing significantly faster and basically laying down the gauntlet saying we will be larger talk about the competition and where you fit and why you're a better option for customers Great, well I think it goes to the prior discussion I mean some of these things are one off so you know if I'm a Salesforce customer and I'm looking at developing apps okay first of all Salesforce doesn't have our premise solutions so right there what do I do with that entire investment I made in legacy apps how do I bring that forward and I have a proprietary platform and people will develop applications on it but those are gonna be things that are probably tightly binded to the Salesforce platform and not at the end of the day might be enterprise applications that customers use to run their business so I think that's differentiated and again from a Workday perspective if you can get the same things from us with everything else you might need I think that's why we're winning you know you saw it in the momentum you saw it in the amount of customers we're adding the growth rates compared to both and you're right you know we did 858 million all in this year on SaaS and pass 400 plus million of that was in Q4 alone when you look at the momentum you know we're targeting doing another 1.5 to 2 billion next year so the growth rates I think speak for themselves the customer adoption speaks for themselves later on in the cube and I'll be hosting a panel later you're gonna hear from customers who have chosen to adopt the Oracle solutions and I know you guys are gonna get into the why and so I think that's where we're different than the competitors and I'm also hearing that you Larry talked about with the push of a button you could take your on-premises app and bring it to the cloud I mean first of all well so that's sort of the clear message to customers and the differentiation is it really that simple? Yeah you know it's actually interesting stay tuned today because you will see demonstrations of that as well databases, storage you know how do we manage integration how do we create and move workloads and that's where we're differentiated at the end of the day you want a single pane of glass that you can manage all your environments and that's what ultimately what we're trying to get to and that's what Oracle's delivering and then we can uniquely do that because we don't have okay I'm Amazon and Salesforce I don't have anything on premise right? I'm Microsoft, my premise and my cloud are different so now when you base both sections on the same technology the same software I can more easily migrate so you're just focusing on creating the tools that can move them from one place to the other and back And we're seeing that all over the place people the migration of the cloud is definitely happening but it's not happening overnight it will eventually all be cloud in our opinion but you know we see customers saying hey I don't want to risk too much because the cloud's not fully baked out in their minds at least so I got to ask you about your personal background how that ties to some of the Oracle things you were talking about here you had mentioned prior to coming on camera that you had a variety of different jobs over the years from 10 base team, Ethernet all the way up to through stores you've touched a lot of components in the stack what is it about the integrated approach that customers should focus on what should they look at as they evaluate in this whole noise of cloud these days big data certainly a big part of that analytics is driving a big part of it storage it's all the touch points are all there but integration is a huge discussion so as a CXO out there what should they look at from your experience and how do you talk to that what's the bottom No it's a great question and I think it goes back to a little bit of what we talked about and actually this is like near and dear to my heart so yeah born and raised in Bay Area I'm actually the son of a CIO so my dad managed this and I you know so you were pulling cables as a kid I was pulling cables I was doing like internships at Acer like for summer believe it or not so yeah that was actually what I was pulling cables other kids got to go to baseball camp I was pulling cat 40 I was pulling cat cables that's a great but you know I mean if you think about again these heterogeneous environments we have all these different pieces I have my storage here I have my compute here I'm trying to virtualize this environment I have these different apps that don't tie so I mean ultimately the vision of cloud is to aggregate and simplify everything and I think we've done that with the engineering services on premise and we can offer that in cloud so think about having to facilitate the management as well as the business change across all of that versus just having this integrated stack so if I want storage I can have it if I want to drop my applications on top of the storage and the compute I have it and infrastructure layer I can do that versus having to shift over I can tie the applications into that platform environment so I think that's where we actually differentiate What about the hidden cost quakes that always comes up you know the shark, fan, tip of the iceberg whatever metaphors used in IT though there's always that hidden cost what does cloud offer economically that minimizes those hidden costs? Yeah, well it's actually interesting you'll see some very interesting compares to the competition today where you know you have let's say the cost of procuring it in the first place you go from you know kind of a traditional CAPEX to OPEX where you have the cost saved in provision where we'll show you know 95 discrete steps to provision the database versus five clicks in the cloud you know so what do I do with that bandwidth you know I can put it on doing what matters the most serving my customers when you look at an environment okay Amazon might save you on the infrastructure cost but then you still have the cost of the software you still have the cost of the ongoing maintenance you go to Oracle and we can uniquely handle that for you right so you don't need we can do the database management for you we can do the maintenance for you if I'm with somebody else you're not quite going to get that and so I think you Oracle uniquely can actually address some of the cost savings compared to others so the economics are interesting because from a customer standpoint you might spend more on renting over a 10 year period yet customers seem willing to do that can you talk about that dynamic and what are people actually doing the film your cloud business is growing at a meteoric rate are they sort of unplugging on premises and moving to the cloud is it really more of a hybrid approach and today are they aware that they might actually spend more over say a decade and are they willing to do that and why yeah I think yes so there are a couple parts there there are a lot of questions in there yeah there are a lot of I'll try to make sure it's all of them then we'll go back to my summer internships yeah you know it's I think it's some of everything you know there's workloads that they have on you know premise today that they think might make sense if I look at test dev environments you know is it easier to sort of you know go provision equipment a database and offer that up to somebody internally or five clicks I have a fully you know set up development environment and the benefits of that when you think of speed to market you know time to market transformation do these guys want to be spending their time managing databases or do they want to do what they do best and it's serve their customers develop differentiated applications whatever it is that they do to serve their customers we can take a lot off so they can focus on that so I think we see some of both we see hybrid where there's certain workloads they'll move there might be certain data sets they might want to move to infrastructure there's applications that they want to move to cloud but it doesn't mean they can shut down the apps they have on premise right now so we can come in and help bridge that and then yeah to your point over time that could migrate more to cloud I think different customers are going to be in different parts of that journey over a long period of time so for us it's like you want premise we got that you want cloud we got that you know you want to be able to seamlessly manage across both and how that based on the same technology we can do that as well I don't think anybody else can tell that story we got a question from the crowd chat in here if you're watching go to crowdchat.net slash Oracle pass B-A-S-S so what's the question from the crowd what's unique about Oracle you can move from private to public cloud and back no lock and can you comment yeah on that comment I think it's a little bit of what we talked about before so when you start with having the same technology in both premise and cloud it allows you to do very interesting things again when you look at our competitors that don't have something to push back to if they don't have premise or what they have on premise is different what they have on cloud then you can't quite do that but if you start with that start with that fundamental foundational basis of the same technology on premise and cloud then it really comes down to the work we need to do to be able to seamlessly migrate workloads migrate data you know create new instances in the cloud or move them back if you want to have them on so migrations is a big deal right so one migrations migrations you so new apps you still can get the benefits of cloud for clean sheet of paper or green field apps if you will right yeah so what's the consequence if I'm the versus the competition if they don't have on-prem what are some of the consequences for the customer one thing how do you migrate your entire legacy install base move to Amazon your infrastructure I mean unless you plan on just sort of like shutting down the lights you know yeah but there's nuances in there I mean I just say you said move to Amazon okay but that's what's true by the way but to get there to get from A to B takes a lot of resources you got to you know you got to staff up you got to have expertise yeah I know I asked why I asked the question I wanted him to answer push the button push the button right it is I want to push on that push the button you can go to Amazon for some infrastructure but then when you really want to look at platform databases when you want to look at apps you need to actually run your business you can move to them and then find out oh how do I move back because this does not have the full integrated suite I need to run my business so I actually don't expect anybody to do that and you know you'll hear from CIOs today I mean I do think it's going to be a hybrid approach I think it's going to be a phased approach over time if there's a customer that was born yesterday and wants to be all cloud we have those solutions you can offer them as well well that's why we use the NASCAR example of all the cars are in the pack they're all kind of relative and the thing that's interesting is Amazon has proven the shadow IT is really not shadow IT it's R&D we've seen customers say hey we've kind of endorsed shadow IT letting people do test and dev in Amazon or other clouds yeah to validate economics and some of the flexibility options so I'm cool with the shadow IT I think that's a good innovation but the question I want to ask you is relative to your growth last quarter in the performance what's the hottest services that your customers are buying what is the what is the one thing is there one thing or is it a few things what's the hot I mean it's multiple things I mean I will say the database as a service has been growing really well for us and if you look at Java is an app development platform and having that run in the cloud now and how quickly you can get to having that provisioned and starting to do the work I mean obviously you know migrating our install base of database and Java users to the cloud is you know something that you know we take pretty seriously and it's something that we have the right offer to do so there's been a lot of focus there as well as expanding our reach with NetNU I mean you know we were aggressively going out there competing head to head you know with the the likes of all the SAS players out there and to your point we're seeing success there we can really preach the crowd chat soon our job in the queue will just be reading questions off the crowd chat so thanks to Phil Dunn out there his question from Phil is what happens if you're not happy with Amazon after you migrate how do you move off yeah come to Oracle and we'll help you contact your local rep but you guys got to have some sort of plan and competitive strategy for how to move customers off I mean absolutely I mean we understand this isn't sort of a clean sheet and there have been some customers that have made that decision and have found themselves in a place where they need help to get off it we can do that you can hear from customers today who've made choices to go with some of our competitors for CRM like Salesforce found it didn't meet their needs and scale and are you know driving a path towards us so we understand that and so when you think of migration when you think about bridging people forward helping them you know transform and transition it might not just be from premise it could be that they have some cloud instantiations that we need to help them bring forward as well so what's going to happen today without kind of revealing but just teasing out what's happening with Larry Ellis' keynote here why is this announcement so they've got the press corps lined up here with special tables we got analysts in here top industry folks are here yeah we got the cube we got the cube in the house the cube's in the house Larry's here what's the big positioning from your stand what's the big message happening here why is this such an important event it's a really important event for us I think you're going to hear a few things one you know Larry is going to talk about the momentum we're seeing in cloud so we'll get a lot of details around that and why we're winning you know from an economics perspective from a provisioning perspective from a completeness of offering perspective you're going to hear a lot about that you're going to hear a host of new services so it really demonstrates our continued commitment you mentioned about sort of cloud whitewashed I mean when you see these services that are rolling out and when you see them demonstrated by Thomas and his team you're going to understand the amount of work that went into that and the real solutions that we're bringing to market and problems we're helping to solve so you're going to see a lot of that and then I'm really excited to be hosting a customer panel later we're going to have the likes of Avaya and Accenture and JDS Uniface and PharmaVite these guys who are not only the role of IT and how cloud cloud enables that and why they decided to partner with Oracle see if I want to get your perspective the last couple of minutes we have left with you is just on data there's no data cloud in the announcement yet but the data is everywhere now so we were just at the Hadoop Summit talking about how the analytics market BI in particular and real time is changing the game on how people are getting insights out of the data and obviously you need an engine to power that so how do you look at that market that's driven enterprise which everyone wants to be what is the role of data because we were speculating on the Cuba the analytics market has kind of been sideways a little bit waiting for a lift and we think the cloud is that engine so it's DevOps and the cloud seems to be the perfect fit for powering the next generation analytics do you agree can you comment I agree 100% it's funny you sort of said earlier it's all about the apps but at the end of the day the data powers a lot of this as well so I get that actual intelligence from the data is really important and what I like about Oracle and I'm familiar with a lot of these folks out there is to really have that integrated stack so first of all how do I aggregate all the information from all these disparate sources whether it's Hadoop, whether it's Oracle all these different pieces so first I have to be able to collect it and then I have to have the tools that mine it give me the visualization, allow me to interpret it plot it however I like and then I have to be able to access to that information and Oracle provides that full stack so I could go to Tableau for this piece or I could go to IBM for this piece or I could come to a single vendor that can give me from top to bottom starting from bottoms up how do I collect that information and ultimately how do I analyze and get the insights out of it so it's critical you'll actually hear some exciting announcements I think you're trying to trick me into maybe like saying something I shouldn't that's a strategy which is clear then you've got to have essentially one of everything and you also have the best of breed so that requires a lot of R&D investment it does and a lot of effort it does and I'll tell you what coming in about, when we said probably just a little over a hundred days in and to see the level of commitment from this engineering team I mean it's mind boggling what they've delivered what you're going to hear them deliver today and what I know they continue to plan to deliver so that commitment is there the investment is there we understand it's not just about the suite but you can't have a suite where it's not best and breed across the board you guys are committing to best of breed not just the convenience of the suite it's not just about filling holes at the end of the day we compete individually so we need to be best of breed on a particular point but then we'll also compete with the fully integrated suite so we have to do both well thank you, shout out to you great questions and commentary of course I think he's an Oracle employee looks like an ex son 18 years at son but he brings up a good point about the commoditization in public cloud and you know Dave actually was first on record years ago saying this whole race to zero was complete B.S. and Amazon was being the poster child to race to zero but yet they're going to do ten billion potentially this year look at that race to see what's going on with the sales right there so as your Amazon all on price pressure so quickly comment on the pricing game and where's the differentiation I actually think you're going to hear some very exciting news on that so Phil might be like a teen us up for the good discussion that he's going to have today I think at the end of the day we have to be price competitive I also think you're going to see areas where we can lead in pricing out there and one of the benefits again you go to the sort of Oracle being vertically integrated into the silicon right so there's some very interesting things that we can do to be competitive with folks out there from infrastructure as a service perspective and you'll hear news about that and I think and then again it's like how do you drive value up the stack I mean platform as a service we know Amazon is trying to get into that space to increase margins you know then how do you look at a software as a service offering with multiple multi-pillar applications to drop on top so we believe customers need infrastructure will be there to help provide whatever they need but we can also you know drive value by moving them up the stack Steve we're getting tight on time thanks so much for your insights you know vertically integrated cool but we're going to drill into horizontally scalable which is the DevOps ethos as well but doing both is going to be very key congratulations we'll hear more here's the Cube here live in Redwood Shores California for the Oracle Cloud Launch we'll be right back with more pre-gaming Larry Ellison's keynote after this short break


Christmas is still frozen, so that can only mean I'm so excited. So if you're a regular on this channel, if you've been here a while, you'll know that last Christmas and in the first part of this year, I did a series called Wrapped Up where I wrapped up all of my works and then I would unwrap one and do a reading vlog for it. And it's here again! It's revamped! It's revamped! This year, I watched back last Christmas's announcement video and past me was like, yeah this is my whole TBR, there's about 50 books here, now I have a TBR of about 170 books. We're really going to have to control that going into next year, but anyway, I have decided this year because it would be like near impossible for me and my family to wrap up all the books. And I also think this will make for more exciting vlogs. I have wrapped up all of my 2021 releases that I own, that I haven't read! And guess how many that is? Guess how many? Guess how many? 52! The 2021 releases that I haven't read as I did have books last Christmas. So the premise is essentially that every Tuesday I am going to unwrap one of these books and there will be a mini reading vlog for it where I read the book and I'm very excited. I feel like having it all be 2021 new releases is going to make for more exciting vlogs. I love Christmas, right? Christmas I come alive, Christmas I just love the festive spirit. I love wrapped up because it literally makes every day feel like Christmas because unwrapping a book, it feels like Christmas. It feels like I'm unwrapping a present and so it just makes me really even more excited for the books that I am reading. Another mini announcement I guess is that I am going to be uploading four videos a week in December. I'm going to be uploading on Wednesdays as well. So Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Sundays are going to be my upload days and I'm also going to try and upload the last six days of the year every day. I don't know how well that's going to go but we're going to try. I'm a bit nervous for that but anyway, I am so excited for wrapped up to be back. Listen, we're going to have the most fun. Let me know. Let me know in the comments predictions, right? If you know what 2021 release is I own, leave your predictions down below for what books you think we're going to be reading in this series and yeah, it will be every Tuesday and your wrapped up vlog will come out. Sundays are going to be another Christmas themed reading vlog, a bit longer one and then we'll have like other end of year Christmas content on the other days. I'm so excited, you guys. I can't explain to you how much I love end of year Christmasy content. I literally come alive. Like this is my favorite time of year to make videos. So yes, this is kind of the start of Vlogmas, that kind of stuff, everyone want to call it. I mean, let's do the maths. How many videos am I going to have coming out in December? I don't think I want to count it. I think I will cry. Three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20 videos. Oh no, 20 videos are going to be coming to you in December. Let's have fun with that. Come on, everyone. And my favorite series is back. I am just so excited. So yes, I'll see you tomorrow with another video and then I will see you next Tuesday for our first episode of wrapped up. I hope you're as excited as I am. I cannot wait to see what we end up unwrapping in this series. And yeah, I'll see you soon. OK, bye.