So continuing to flush this idea out. This is the entire code pause it and copy it as you can see But one of the things I've done is now I've invoked that super Keyword again notice it has to be the first thing on the list if I don't have it as the first thing here When I try and do my compiling When I try and do Java C student Student when I try and do this Error it's gonna yell at me that super has to be even the errors as it must call super Call to super must be first statement in the constructor That's just to pass that along because again if we think about it I'm creating something that is an extension an Extension of a person now you might notice a few other things going on here That I happen to have my student class and then my person class in the same file This is known as chaining classes. I know chaining What we're doing is we're basically saying all right. Well, you know, I don't need to make all these different files Let me just put them in one file and that's what I'm doing. It's now Person is available But it's just from student so it would be by extension in the student file So when I do my compiling it still gets compiled correctly and everything. It's just it's here now. It's here now so again Notice I've passed on my parameters I've given everything out that I have to all of the things that I need to do Inside the parent class the name address phone email those get passed along via the super command Now what happens is then I do my this ID balance courses. I still do those here now Once again, I said that I have access to things like this get name. That's public Publicly available to me even though I'm a student because I once again have inherited this ability from the parent class and so here's a little test file I wrote up just To see that I've made for example Some classes and an array of classes and I made a student Student Adam at one two three road his phone number is nine one zero eight six seven five three oh nine Whoa His email is a good at cfcc.edu his student ID number is zero three seven five zero three six I don't have a balance. I've paid off my student loans here So that's good, and I have those classes. Those are my classes now notice that line six S dot get name what I'm saying is this get name. I didn't create that in the student class anywhere This is the student class if I shrink this down It's not in there. It's inside the person class So What's gonna happen? Well? If we in turn, let me just show that I can Compile up my student class Without an error now that I put the super on the top and now if I come over here to my test file I have access to my student file because both of these are in the same directory Remember they have to be in the same directory Boom notice how it's there. I've created the student when I run this Java test file as soon as I hit enter notice what appears at because that is this student's name and this students This student inherits the ability to do get name from its parent class. It's super class person


Members' statements? I recognize the member for Sault Ste. Marie. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Well, this weekend was a bit of a... We had a very, very significant scare in Sault Ste. Marie this weekend. On Friday, May 12th, a Grade 6 class from Holy Cross Family School in Sault Ste. Marie had a day planned at St. Caterie Outdoor Learning Center. St. Caterie is located on the outskirts of Sault Ste. Marie near Nettleton Lake. Myself, my kids and just about every single kid in Sault Ste. Marie has visited St. Caterie. It used to be called Camp Cora. It's a place where all classes go for field trips in those younger elementary school ages. 11-year-old Ruby Kerr was one of those Grade 6 students on Friday and at 11 a.m. that day she went missing from St. Caterie. An intense search effort began immediately. I even had occasion to deal with it in some capacity as a result of having coached against her in soccer and was involved with family and coaches with respect to... There was just a massive search, Mr. Speaker, and I don't have a lot of time to go through it, but to say that it impacted us all in our community greatly, I was on the sidelines of the soccer field coaching my oldest son and middle child son when her coach came to me and stopped me on the sidelines at halftime to tell me thankfully Ruby had just been found. I really want to place a huge thank you to Sault Ste. Marie police, the Ontario Provincial Police, especially their area helicopter pilots who helped discover Ruby by just a miraculous finding of a footprint which became the lead that located her almost 10 kilometres away from Camp Caterie where she walked through the night. Beyond the blisters on her feet and scrapes all over her legs in a very, very long scary night, she was able to be reunited with her mum and dad almost 24 hours after going missing. Thank you. Thank you. Member statements. Member for Humber River, Black Creek. Thank you, Speaker. Let me begin the short statement by wishing all mothers here and everywhere a happy belated Mother's Day. I hope yesterday was a wonderful day for you and the special mothers in your life. But Speaker, just as I proclaimed these well wishes, today I draw attention to a serious matter affecting our parents and grandparents everywhere. It is a disease called dementia which captures the set of symptoms associated with cognitive decline. This disease affects over 600,000 Canadians today. A dementia diagnosis is life-altering for both the person affected and their families and we must do more to help them. Here in Ontario we need a better strategy, a better plan. We must spread better dementia awareness and test for it early because earlier detection can help the rate of decline and help families better prepare. We must create more dementia support programs and better support the ones that exist so more people can participate sooner. We must do more to support their caregivers. The vast majority are their own adult children and spouses and we must make outside support much more affordable. A new era of dementia drugs is on the horizon that seek to finally address root causes rather than just the symptoms of dementia. When these drugs are shown to work we must make them available here as fast as possible and finally we must fix long-term care in this province once and for all. We owe it to our grandparents and parents. We owe it to ourselves and we owe it to our children who we wish will long outlive us hopefully in a better world where this disease is finally eradicated. Thank you. Any further statements? The member for Simcoe Gray. Thank you very much speaker and it is certainly a pleasure today to rise in the house to talk about two championship hockey teams in Simcoe Gray. First off congratulations to the Mike Jackson calling with Junior A Blues for winning the Ontario Junior League title and the Bucklin Cup last week. They are now in La Portage La Prairie Manitoba for the Centennial Cup Playdowns and two games in that championship series they have a record of 2-0 beating the Steinbeck Pistons and the Battlefords North Stars. Mr. Speaker there's another championship junior team in the riding I'd like to talk about and that's the Stainer Siskins who are the winners of the North Conference Final of the Junior C hockey series. The Siskins defeated the Midland Flyers and really the Terriers Alliston Hornets and the Mount Forest Patriots to win the North Conference Finals and earned a spot to compete in the Schmaltz Cup Final 4 tournament in Woodstock and on Saturday they lost in a very close semi-final game to the Clarington Eagles. The Siskins and the Alliston Hornets have a very proud and long successful history for winning for decades in Simcoe Gray. But before I sit down Mr. Speaker I'd like to mention the character of these boys both off and on the ice. The calling with Junior A Blues and grocery shopping in Portage, La Prairie and gave $700 to the food drive that was matched by the grocery store for a total of $1400 to the local food bank. This speaks to the character of the players and their franchises and chose their champions both on and off the ice. Thank you very much. Member Stainless Member for London West Here at a time when kids are struggling more than ever before I want to recognize some dedicated organizations, teachers, business owners and families who are supporting London West youth. Organizations like Western University and its faculty, students and staff who this weekend welcome thousands of London area families to campus to experience the joy and fun of discovery during the sixth annual Science Rendezvous. Teachers like Michelle Osaro at the London District Catholic School Board who this year launched Ontario's first secondary school competitive robotics league developing student skills teamwork and confidence that were spotlighted this month at the Robotics World Championships in Texas and with golden silver medals at Skills Ontario. Businesses like Code Ninjas in Hyde Park owned by Amar Sokon and his wife Amani which this month celebrated the awarding of seven black belts to youth who had created a video game from concept to delivery including the first black belt in Canada and the first female black belt. And families like the parents of multiple karate world champion 13 year old Caleb the Hype Boyle who helped pump up the crowd at the Kids Help Phone Walk on May 7th and spoke about his own experiences with bullying and the importance of finding someone who will have your back and cheer you on. Deepest thanks speaker to all those who are helping young people find their passions and soar. Thank you. Member for Durham. Thank you Mr. Speaker. This past Friday, May the 12th I was very honoured to welcome Premier Doug Ford to Durham Region. I was joined as a member of the Durham Four by the Minister of Finance, the member for Bucksbridge, the member for Ajax and the member for Whitby also with the Minister of Transportation present and the Minister of Energy. The announcement of new electric double decker go buses for our go system and I can proudly say that it is warmly welcomed within Durham Region of course and across this great province. We are making new investments, record investments in public transit across Ontario and in Durham Region and the future is bright. The future is electric and that is because we are charging forward with a great plan for clean energy for record investments in public transit and I thank the Premier for joining me this past Friday. Member for St. Catherine. Thank you Speaker. I stand here today shoulder to shoulder with the good people of St. Catherine's. In fact I'm going to hand you a letter after question period. There's an elephant in the room that we cannot ignore, affordable housing and mental health resources. Our dedicated Mayor has sounded the alarm for emergency support. I stand with him. We must protect and celebrate our vibrant community. Premier, when asked about this support last week, the response was that we need more rehabilitation facilities. I understand the problem. Homeless is not just about addiction. It is more a mental health and housing issue. It is complex and we need to face it with a comprehensive solution. We cannot stigmatize our people by oversimplifying the issue. They need our help, not our judgment. You cannot rehabilitate a person if they do not have a roof over their head. St. Catherine's is a hub for Niagara's large festivals and sporting events. Take a stroll down our lively streets rich with culture and history. From the charming boutiques on James Street to the culinary delights of St. Paul Street, St. Catherine's is a gem that must be supported. This is why we fight. Our community stands united calling for immediate funding to protect our region, our city, our people. When we stand together we serve our constituents the best. I ask you to stand with us. Thank you. Thank you. Member Statements, the member for Brampton North. Thank you Speaker. Privileged to rise in the House today, stand with my sick brothers and sisters as they continue to celebrate Vasaki with Niagara-Kyrtans being held across the GTA. The sick community is one that is proud, strong, humble and selfless. We are proud to be a part of Brampton North and even having had grown up in Brampton this is something that I see firsthand every single day. Speaker, we have parades and festivals across Canada and at many of these a bottle of water costs you $3 a pop might be even more and a hot dog might run you well over 5 bucks. But at a Niagara-Kyrtans everything is given freely. The only money you can spend is actually donating back to the community, donating back to the Ghidorah. You can get water, pizza, chow, freezes, you name it. These are all donated for the Niagara-Kyrtans out of the goodness of one's heart and with the key sick principle of SAVA in mind. SAVA and sickism means selfless and voluntary service for the benefit of humanity without any personal gain. And at every Niagara-Kyrtans you will see this on full display. The community will offer so much to their neighbors all are welcome and after the parade you won't see any garbage or mess left behind because the community gets together to clean up the neighborhood. I think we can all learn these important values from the sick community. I hope everyone had or takes the opportunity to attend a Niagara-Kyrtans this year. If you need a recommendation the Guru Nanak Mission Center in my riding will be hosting on Sunday, June 4th. Hope to see you there. Member Statements the Member for Kingston and the Islands Mr. Speaker yesterday afternoon the Wolf Island ferry announced that they couldn't find workers and that the ferry would shut down from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. yet again. That shutdown included emergency services because last night a Coast Guard ship was needed to bring paramedics to the island. And this morning there are long lineups on both the mainland and the island docks. There were engine issues that prevented the ferry from running until just about an hour ago. Add to that all the people who had to stay overnight on the wrong side of the water and all the people that are waiting to start their day and it's a total mess. In this government we have a new ferry which arrived one and a half years ago and still isn't in use. New docks whose construction has been delayed by years. The government has paid two to three times the regular cost to hire temporary workers but still the lives of those who live or work on Wolf Island and Kingston are being continually disrupted. I call on this government to realize that workers have choices to pay competitive salaries and to expedite the training of both ferry operators. I call on the minister to give her personal attention and to take personal responsibility for managing the Wolf Island ferry situation until it stabilizes. Thank you. Member Statements. The Member for Whitby. Thank you Speaker. The Women's Multicultural Resource and Counseling Centre of Durham celebrated its 30th anniversary this past Saturday with inspiring hope and rebuilding lives Gallup. I was joined at the Gallup by MPP Patrice Byron from Ajax and the Honourable Charmaine Williams Associate Minister of Women's Social and Econopic Opportunity. Speaker over the years the Counseling Centre has served thousands of women across the region of Durham and our government is pleased to be able to fund the Women's Multicultural Resource and Counseling Centre of Durham so that Executive Director and New Board of Directors and Staff are able to assist women in the Durham region who have experienced social and economic barriers to Ajax services, develop the skills needed to gain financial security and live safely with a greater sense of security. Congratulations to the Counseling Centre on 30 years of service to Durham region lifting up women and their families in Durham region Thank you for your dedication to supporting women in crisis Thank you Speaker Thank you Member Statements, Member for Brampton East Thank you Speaker I've heard loud and clear from families in my writing of Brampton East and across the province about their concerns regarding the rise in violence and criminal activity over the last year To better serve our constituents our government has implemented several new measures to reassure Ontarians and safeguard families Our government is taking bold action to address this matter with our recent announcement of investing $51 million to crack down on auto theft and organized crime A few short weeks ago we moved a motion calling the federal government to reform the criminal code of Canada and implement meaningful bill reform Last July we announced 75 million in funding for police forces to crack down on guns, gangs and violence Since then we've seen significant arrests like the $110 million of stolen vehicles seized in Peele or the $3.1 million of drugs seized in Sarnia by the OPP and the RCMP I'd like to thank police officers across the province for the commendable work they do putting their lives on the line to serve and protect our communities and our families and I would like to commend the Peele Regional Police Services for working diligently in collaboration with the OPP to combat auto theft which has been a growing concern for many residents especially of mine those in Brampton Our government has heard from the residents and we are taking bold action will always do whatever it takes to ensure the safety and protection of all families across Ontario Thank you, Speaker Thank you very much That concludes our member's statements for this morning


this time, Doyle's made a beauty off the inside gate. Absolutely fantastic from Jason Doyle, who's won here before, loves this place. Oh, he's just lost a bit of control there, and now here comes Mattson up the inside, Leon Mattson battling away with Antonio. Mattson, look at that! Two into second, Fritz comes through into there as well, good speedway, and it is the man up top, Jason Doyle leading the way. Doyle absolutely electric out of gate number one, Mattson is red hot in second place, just tore by second and third there, coming into a second place, and I'll tell you what, Mattson is all overdone. Mattson's got speed here Nigel, Doyle's going to have to ride with eyes in the back of his head here, really smart because Leo means business. They saw these two clash in the final in Gorge of last Saturday night, into the last lap, Leo Mattson, really coming on strong. Done him! Not again boys, surely? He's done him! Yep, Leo Mattson magnificent, now Doyle tries the inside run, but Mattson's got a lot of speed here, he's come from nowhere, he's worked his way through magnificently, that is a really clever ride. Good stuff, Leo Mattson, gets the better of Jason Doyle, nice and clean, no problem with that, I'm sure they'll shake hands. You've got more faith in that than I have. Okay, maybe not. And Schmarzlik off the inside gate has made a good one, look at Wuffin in here, Wuffin's gone high and wide into the dirt, now he's going to try and put pressure on Schmarzlik, he really is going deep here, Schmarzlik tries to go wide, Wuffin with a chop on the inside, what a ride from Ty Wuffin, now Schmarzlik's going to come back for more, good speedway here as Chugginhoff loses it and Laguta comes through in the back, and now this battle up top is Schmarzlik and Wuffin going head to head, Calves. They are indeed, they really are having to go out in front, Schmarzlik is determined to get the better of the three-time world champion, now Wuffin and hits the front, Schmarzlik replace the compliment, what a race we've got going on out in front, Wuffin coming back for more, he's going to squeeze him up as they go over the start and finish line, Schmarzlik just about out, beat the knife, now pulls away down the back straight, what a semi-final, this is. Yeah, that was good going into turn three, he's gone on the inside, he's closed the door and Wuffin then hangs on under severe pressure from Bartos Schmarzlik. Magnificent, magnificent speedway race, what a race it was out in front, Wuffin and Schmarzlik, that was proper speedway, I dare say it was speedway out of the top draw, Nigel. Ah, come on, lad. Run final in Gojav, here we go, and what a start from Doyle, Jason Doyle has got there, watch out for Lindgren in yellow, he's going to try the outside run but Doyle has got there at the moment, here comes Lindgren in yellow, fast Freddy Lindgren, will Doyle allow, oh, it's getting tight on the inside as well, Doyle's taking it out, and now Lindgren tries the inside run, nothing's going to stop him here. Fast Freddy Lindgren plays the Danish boy, pushing hard in the side food, no racing to be done for second place, Doyle on the inside this time, charges into second place, but for the last lap. Yeah, and that's some well-being, neither will Doyle, second place. Yeah, Freddy Lindgren though here in his 30th grand pre-final, it's going to be his fifth win. Oh, it's Matson takes out Doyle, what's their contact there? There was indeed. Doyle puts his left arm in the air, and he's furious about that, but Freddy Lindgren, wow, what a performance from Freddy Lindgren, and Doyle goes straight to the race director, Phil Morris. Not happy with that, Leo Matson literally riding Jason Doyle off the track coming out of the last corner. Man, there's no problem from the start for Smarshlik there, off gate two, what can Lindgren do off the inside run? Smarshlik has nailed it already. Now it's all about Wuffin and outside in the drive. Is he going to go in the banking? Yes, he's going wide, he's trying to get the drive, Smarshlik looks over his shoulder, now Wuffin is going to try the inside run, going into lap two, but Smarshlik's riding a nice, tidy line here. It's Smarshlik from Wuffin and from Lindgren, and Lagutri is in the back. Yeah, great start from the world champion, he hits the front off gate number two, Wuffin do running, lovely! Wuffin who comes through now, Smarshlik replays the compliment, back up the ratting again, nice, he's so linguist in there, oh my! What is going on? They are racing for the world title, Smarshlik has gone from first to third, Lindgren has charged his way through, Wuffin have spotted an opportunity, he's second right now, and that's to quote you Mr Tatum, it's Speedway out of the top draw. Robert Speedway, hit number two, does it? Wow, that was fantastic from him. You've got to believe that the world champion, Smarshlik, must have felt confident that he was going to win that race, far from it. Wait, no problem this time, Smarshlik's made a good one, he's got the drop on Lindgren, Wuffin's going high and wide around the side here, Ty Wuffin and, oh my goodness me, what a ride that was, but he's got Smarshlik all over him, Doyle's come through into third, and Lindgren's in the back, but Ty Wuffin and 20 points to him tonight, well that will put him onto 91 grand prix points, but Smarshlik is quick here. He is indeed, what a first corner for Wuffin, and he's got the same Wuffin and, oh, up the inside, Smarshlik pushing hard, can he win? Yeah, he tries to chop up the inside, and he's going to do what the inside, lunge track style, and now Wuffin and Wuffin will try one last move up, he's got a lot of bounce off, Smarshlik has won two grand prix in two nights, and moves on to 99 points. What a battle. What a massive result, and with Lindgren at the back, there is daylight, between Smarshlik and Lindgren now, Wuffin with 18 points, terrific work from him, he moves into a good position, Ty Wuffin in third before tonight of course, that is a huge result, and I can't help but feeling that Bartos Smarshlik has taken a huge step towards defending his world title successfully. Wow, what a final that was, we had to wait, and Krikey didn't deliver in spades, Wuffin sensational up the first corner on the first lap, I thought for a moment he was going to win it, but Smarshlik hunted him down, and passed him brilliantly down the back straight, what an honest move by sensational staff.


The COVID-19 outbreak began in late 2019 when a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases emerged in Wuhan, China. These cases were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus, which has since been named SARS-CoV-2. Scientists have since worked to identify the origins of the virus, understand its pathogenesis, develop treatments, and create vaccines. This article was authored by Farras A. Robby, Mazar S. Alzobi, Gina A. Casasbe, and others.


Good day, fellow investors. When it comes to successful investing, the key is not to pick the right stock. It is to not pick the wrong stock. And in this video, we are going to explain in detail what does Buffett actually mean when he says this. The first rule on investment is don't lose. And the second rule on investment is don't forget the first rule. And that's all the rules there are. I mean that if you buy things for far below what they're worth and you buy a group of them, you basically don't lose money. So avoiding losses is what actually allows your investments to compound over the long term and create amazing portfolio returns. The only investment strategy that focuses on avoiding losses, thus risk, is value investing. And in this video, I want to really explain in detail what is the core concept of value investing. This is risk. Focusing on risk, avoiding risk. And then letting everything else returns come on top of that avoidance of long term risk. Value investors also define risk in a different way. So we're going to start by defining risk. Why avoiding losses, avoiding risk is the best strategy over the long term. In the short term anything can happen. But over the long term your focus should be on risk. We're going just touch shortly. I'll make a special video on a margin of safety. I'm going to share with you my personal strategy when it comes to analyze stocks and looking at risk. It's pretty simple. Just look at what can go wrong. Compare it to the price and then see whether it is a good investment or not. Then we're going to conclude with why traditional measures of risks are not really good when it comes to value investing. So let's start. Now the definition of risk. It's not volatility. It's not better coefficient. The definition is risk is pretty simple. You look at the probability of loss and the probability or the potential. How much you can lose? So what's the probability of losing? How much you can lose? And what's the probability that things go wrong? And what would be the hit to your portfolio? When you invest with a margin of safety all those probabilities are minimized. Thus you have low risk and you let the return compound on that low risk. Risk is not volatility so that's something we'll discuss a little bit later. Now that we have defined risk we can also see how to analyze risk. Risk depends on two key concepts. One is the price paid. The lower the price paid is, the lower is the risk. No arguing about that. And the second concept again completely different than what academics say is the nature of the business. Textile mills in the 1970s were risky even if those had the margin of safety and everything because in the US the business was declining due to Asian competition. So you have to understand okay was the price paid compare it to the underlying value of the business and then also look at the nature of the business. What's the risk of the business itself when it comes to investing? Stock prices, volatility, all that is mumbo jumbo, no nonsense to entertain you but not really meaningful for value investors. And further it's actually impossible to know the risk beforehand before it materializes. Now investors in Amazon look like geniuses especially those that invested 20 years ago but many even invested in web web when which is a company that went bankrupt in 2001 2002. So now looking at Amazon includes a lot of survivorship bias because the risks didn't materialize and you look like a genius but there have been risks and other companies show what could have happened also to Amazon. So it's not that it is there weren't risks there were risks and value investors wouldn't have invested there like Buffett didn't 20 years ago. Now he did because he sees less risk and the focus when it comes to value investing is always on risk. So risk depends on the price paid. An excellent example of how risk depends on price is 3D. 3D printing it was so cool five years ago now nobody even talks about it but the market was exuberant stock prices exploded and it is an excellent example to show how to manage risk and how it depends on price. For example 3D stock in January 2014 was at $90. Now it is at $9 a few years before 2014 it was again at $10 $9. But if I look at risk and compare it to the value of the underlying business I would say that DDD was less risky at the price of 10 than at the price of 90. However in exuberance hoping that every production will switch to 3D printing investors cared only about the rewards not about the risk and therefore lost a lot of money especially those who invested at the peak 3D exuberance. Just a few years prior the P ratio was 20 so much less risk the company was profitable I don't know what happened later but this shows how the first thing when it comes to risk is price in this case the lowest risk for the stock was in August 2011 even after a 70% drop already happened in 2010. So don't focus on stock price movements when analyzing risk compare the stock price to the value of the underlying business and the nature of the business itself. Now the second part when it comes to investing risk is analyzing the risk of the business. What is the nature of the business and how risky it is. If you're launching missiles to space governments can simply say no and that's a very big risk. Here if you have I don't know a hotel in Paris it is a lower risk because tourists will always flock there if there isn't a terrorist attack. So each business has its risks to understand them you have to understand the business. I love to follow businesses and sectors for a few years then you really start getting those cycles understanding okay are we just in a downturn due to oversupply or is it something structural structural that affects the business and when you start focusing covering those sectors you start understanding the risks is oil now cheap or expensive what will happen no matter the noise on the news and you read reports you read long-term forecasts short-term forecasts you listen to those conference calls and you get a picture of the inherent business risk. When you find a business that has low risk or that has enough assets in the form of a margin of safety can be cash per share then you don't even care that much about the big business risk. So it's always a balance looking at everything that is there in the business outside the business so the question for me is always what can go wrong am I happy owning this business at the current price even if all that can go wrong goes wrong. If the answer is yes then for me it's a buy because the downside limit is long-term downside limit is limited of course avoiding risk completely avoiding risk is impossible to do even Buffett misses on some investments some go right some go wrong those that go right suffice to cover for those that go wrong but you never know what will happen in the future so there will always be misses however the key is also to structure your portfolio in a way to avoid huge losses because by avoiding losses you let your money compound and that's why to focus on risk is so important. If we look at recent hot stocks like Beyond Meat I got a lot of comments to analyze this and I would say that okay here investors are focused on huge growth projections those might happen those might not happen we are up more than 100% since the IPO here and I have received many many comments about this stock what to do can you analyze this but for me it's simply too risky I don't chase such fast profits and I'll show you now in an example why this is so important if we go to a stock that was very very hot just a while ago like Tilray it is currently down 78% from its peak in September of 2018 and when it comes to investing it's very very difficult to recover from a downturn of 78% if there are no fundamentals if it's not a temporary downturn if Tilray would have a book value of $60 then I would say okay this is just temporary the value with will get unlocked but I assume it doesn't have so it is very very risky for me and chasing such growth stocks can really hit your portfolio because when the growth stocks the stock usually gets torpedoed and therefore you lose a lot of money and it's very difficult to recover let me show you the importance of focusing on risks through numbers $1000 compounded at 6% for 30 years equals $5743 that's not a bad return you almost increase your investment for six times however just one hit of 40% in year 10 of the 30 compounding years would set you back to the beginning with $1013 in year 10 and give you a total return of $3251 or 44% less than without the one 40% portfolio hit so one yearly loss of 40% destroys 44% of long-term returns this doesn't mean your portfolio isn't supposed to go up and down if I would if my portfolio would fall 40% now I would deploy the 20% that I have in cash I would deploy the dividends and I'm 100% sure that my longer term returns would be even higher because what I own is value and what I own can only fall temporarily everything changes business nature global businesses cyclical so it always goes up and down and you have as a value investor wait for those opportunities to buy by those bargains if stock prices go down of value investments not off greedy growth stocks like tillray then I know I'll be buying more with everything that I can and increase my long-term returns this means that my investments have a margin of safety will make a special video about what is a margin of safety how to find a margin of safety what all can be a margin of safety there can be many many different margins of safety the more the merrier but when you buy with a margin of safety just to quickly explain you pay 50 cents for something that's valued one dollar when you find something like this and because the market stock prices depend on demand and supply for the specific stock it often happens that you can buy a dollar for 50 cents so a lot of things have to go wrong within the business for it to lose 50% of its underlying inherent conservatively analyzed value and this is margin of safety investing temporarily everything can happen you take advantage of those temporarily declines but when you buy value and real long-term value then you have nothing to worry about and your portfolio will compound over the long term and my favorite risk approach is I simply look at the business look at what's around this surrounds it usually I look at the whole sector and then I look what can go wrong and what happens in the worst case scenario and if I look okay worst case scenario how long can it last what can be a recession government issues whatever how diversified is the business debt financing structure everything and when I look okay what's the worst case scenario and we had many worst case scenarios in 2009 that ended up pretty pretty well for most investors and then you look worst case scenarios you compare it to the price always compare the value with the price when the price is close to the value in the worst case scenario or even below it then I'm a happy buyer and stock prices are so irrational so volatile that it is very often and we keep finding those opportunities where the value is much higher than the stock price even in these exuberant markets with 10-year bull market so risk has nothing to do with volatility as we already said it's not the beta coefficient it is impossible that past stock prices tell you how risk is something is it is about the business it is about the price compared to the underlying value not about what the market thinks about a stock 2009 stock prices were extremely down everybody was calling stocks risky risky risky but it was the best time to buy also don't worry about temporary price fluctuations focus on permanent business changes permanent business changes so be really careful when listening at the news look at the conference call check the stories long-term reports and then compare what's going on in the news with the margin of safety that your business has and the best way to summarize all of this investing wise is to go back to Buffett and his quotes so wait for the right pitch analyze as many businesses as you can and buy only when your criteria are met thus low risk high reward with the bottom-up approach when it comes to investing research opportunities come infrequently when it rains gold put out the bucket not the timble be ready to strike big when opportunities arrive and to conclude be greedy when others are fearful when stock prices go down others are fearful and fearful where when others are greedy thank you for watching if you like this value investing approach please subscribe to this channel that's all about value investing low risk investments with high potential rewards thank you and I'll see you in the next video


This research investigates the influence of several variables on the hornification process of sisal fibres through wetting and drying treatment, which increases fibre mechanical behaviour and reduces water absorption and dimensional variation. The results indicate that lower fibre water ratios and immersion times of three hours are effective in improving tensile strength and increasing stiffness in all studied cases. This article was authored by Sofia Mendes, Lycia Nunes-Hugin, Renata Daniel-DOS Santos and others.


Today we're going to talk about first thousand days and nutrition first thousand days. What is first thousand days? I'm sure we all know it, but just, you know, I'm going to reiterate to why it is important. And when we think of first thousand days, forget about other children. Let's talk about us, right?  So when we think of that, we always think of short term goal and long term goal. So what is a short and long term goal for children? You know, not only children, but for ourselves. So obviously in short term, we want our children to be healthy. We want them to be doing well in school and, you know, succeed of course. And in long term, we want them not to have any diseases, you know, to have good immunity, no blood pressure, no diabetes. And of course, you know, we all want healthy aging for all of us, right? That's our long and short term goal by and large, right? So basically our, I mean, health comforts, right? Health is wealth. As you know, you know, we all are stuck at home because our health is at stake. So if we don't have good health, you know, nothing else matters really. So, literally, our goal is to have lifelong health, right? Why first thousand days critical? We need to kind of understand why is it critical? Why, why those thousand days? You know, so first thousand days is basically conception to second birthday of a child. And it offers the opportunity to build healthier and more prosperous future as good nutrition during this phase is building block for brain and physical development. Okay. So what is happening during this thousand days is baby's brain has been developed. Okay. Not only baby's brain has been developed, but basically there is a full physical growth. Can you imagine from literally from, you know, small little ovum from sperm and that ovum you're having, you know, an earthquake is about 3 kg and by the time child is about two years of phase or more 12 kg, 12 and a half kg, right? So you have tremendous growth in this first thousand days. And not only physical growth, but brain. I mean, brain is the most important part of a body, right? So it's very important that we take care of this thousand days. Okay. If you have, if you want a brainy child and if you want a really healthy robust child, and if you look at the growth, brain grows to about 80% of adult size, okay, by age three, and it reaches 90% by age five.  So you can imagine that mother needs to know so much, right? Not only, you know, when she's pregnant, but even before she is pregnant, she needs to know what I need to do so that my child will be tall and, you know, intelligent, right? And what are the, my right nutrients that she needs? Okay. And those are very important because, and those are needed at the right time because child's brain is developing so fast and at every stage child requires different micronutrients. So it is important and we'll talk about it, what is required. Okay. So the right nutrition during this period, it means the difference between a life of productivity or struggle and between life and death. I mean, you know, we work in tribal areas, we work in slums and most of the time you will see that Sam children, you must be knowing Sam, severe good malnourished children, those are mainly under one year of age, under two years of age, mainly under one year of age and even predominantly they are less than six months of age. So if you don't have proper nutrition during first thousand days, that that's basically that, you know, that's you're taking away life from the child, literally. Okay. And at that child, if suppose child is survived, and if child grows up, but the body is so stunted and with that body, child's brain is stunted. So basically that child will struggle for the whole life to survive.  So it's important that we think of not only surviving the child, but also giving him good life. So what does it decide? It decides how healthy the child will be. So less infection, better immunity, reduce risk of chronic condition like diabetes and blood pressure. How brainy the child will be? What do you mean brainy? So brainy means you have good combination, misintelligence, your memory. So child has a sharp memory. We all want, right?  How many marks did you get? Did you come? Did you come first? Did you come second? And for that, for everything to learn, not only you need intelligence, but what else do you need? You need memory, right? So this is important that why some children in a class, they remember everything and some children, they just don't remember anything. So that's important to have a good memory. Concentration, if you can't concentrate, that means you will not be able to do well. You know, so it's very important that child have a good concentration. Judgment, judgment with judgment. We all know what is judgment, whether something a child is doing, taking decision, whether it's, you know, taking good judgment will call. Those are very important. Mood is important. Sometimes you find the children are very moody. They are upset, they're all the time irritable. So your mood also depends upon how child was brought up in the first 1000 days. Okay.  So these are the three important aspects that we need to take care of when child is growing in first 1000 days. So let's talk about brain. Brain is my favorite topic. So I'm going to talk about brain a little bit and see how, how we can make this child intelligent. Okay. So I'm sure you guys know about neural tube. This is basically a tube. Here, this is a picture. So this is your neural tube. Okay. So at around three weeks of age, your body starts developing in the form of neural tube. So this is a tube. Okay. Now here, this part is basically is going to develop into brain. And this part is going to develop into your spinal cord. Okay. So here, then what happens during this time? Suppose if you don't have enough nutrients which are required for this neural growth, you will have problems. So what are the micronutrients which are required for development of this neural tube? One is your folic acid. I think everybody knows about folic acid. But what we don't know, there are two or three other micronutrients which are required for a neural tube defect. I mean neural tube development. One is your vitamin B12. The second is your choline.  So we only talk about folic acid, but how about B12 and your, and I know that a lot of you are nutritionists and we know that B12 is hardly available any vegetarian food. So what are you going to tell mother who is not even having milk? Like for example, a lot of these tribal mothers, they don't drink milk. They don't have access to milk. So how will she get B12? Right. So we have to think of what are the nutrients that she or what all food that you can give them. So they'll have initially, I mean, this is three weeks. So she doesn't even know that she's pregnant. Right. So you need to start this nutrients, not when she's pregnant, but when she is, when she gets married, when she's planning a child, that's when you need to start food, which is high in all this nutrients. I'll talk about choline later. And when you don't have this most three important micronutrients for neural tube, what will happen? This tube will not develop well. So do you see these tubes? These are not basically you will see the gap in there. Okay, so this all the gap and this is called neural tube defect. This is a tube neural tube. There's a neural tube defects. Okay, so then what happens when you have a neural tube defect, say, posteriorly, like towards the lower part, right, then you will have a little bit of spinal cord coming out. Okay, because because the spinal canal is not developed well. Right. So then what happens that basically you will see some amount of spinal cord here. Now, many times what happens, you may not have such a big bump over here, but you may just have a little bit of whole tiny, mighty hole over here. Okay, so what does pediatrician we have to do? We always have to examine when the baby is born with a child has little hole and if child has a hole, that means it's called basically spinal bifida and we have to get the MRI done. And that particular hole if if it if it is worse, then child has paralysis for the whole life. Okay, they have problem with the urination, they you know, we have, they have to go through surgery. So imagine a follic acid, a choline and a B12 is so important. Okay, and if child has hole in the front part, you know, right, but their brain is then this is called an end capillie. Okay, we nowadays, if we don't see it much, but you know, they do have when they're born, obviously, they don't survive.  And that's why follic acid is being done compulsory. Okay, now, this is basically anatomy of brain.  Okay, so just all basically different parts of your brain.  This is the back part. Okay, this is your side part parietal. This is your occipital lobe temporal lobe. This all different kind of lobes, right? This is a cross section. This is cross section, right? This is a front part. This is a back part. So here, if you look at it over here. So this is again, you know, your prefrontal cortex, right? Your primary motor cortex is all the different parts of your brain. Okay, now if you look at the function of brain, so here is your front part of your brain. Okay, so do you see over here, this is this particular frontal part, it is involved in motivation and executive function, motivation. If you don't have motivation to do anything, you can't, you know, you can't succeed, right? So it's very important that this this part of brain is developed well, because it is all it functions for execution and for motivation. Okay, now a little bit about the interior singular cortex over here, this part over here, that is involved in your social interaction, affection, attention. So look at this, this part is also so important, because that will help with the tension, right? Do you see over this red part over here? It's called amygdala. Amygdala is important for stress and for learning. So the whole time what happens is, you know, lots of children, they get a lot of anxiety, stress, you know, or they have learning problems. That is because of problem with amygdala. And this is your hippocampus hippocampus remember is for learning and memory. If you want good memory, you make sure that anything which is required to develop this hippocampus, you work on that and you know, child will have good memory. Okay, so this is how you're developed by your basically brain development. So at fourth week of pregnancy, the brain has about 10,000 cells. Okay. And by 24th week, it contains about 10 billion. So you can imagine in just matter of 20 weeks, look at the number of cells being developed, right? So nutrition is absolutely important, but there are so many other things which are important. Okay. This is your neurons. Do you see all these neurons? These are basically connection. So as brain is developing, neuron cells are developing. And do you see there's this layer of, you know, my lean sheet, this is called my lean sheet.  So when you have a good my lean, strong, my lean sheet, what happens that the message passing through is very fast, the message, the signal, you know, the signals, those are very rapid signals, right?   This is all basically, it's all fatty sheet.  This is your, what is this neurotransmitters? Remember your synapses, there's a synaptic conjunctions and there are your neurotransmitters. So neurotransmitters are also really, really important basically to pass on the signal, right? So you want to make sure that you have to learn that which are these nutrients which are important for formation of neurotransmitters, one of the neurotransmitters is acetylcholine. If you remember acetylcholine, now choline, remember choline I spoke about. So we need to know what, how do this mother get choline, so that baby gets beautiful amount of neurotransmitters. Okay, now this is another beautiful graph, what what we have shown over here. This is basically, you know, from conception from nine months to birth. Okay, this is your first two years of life. So from this our first thousand days in this green box is first thousand days, then it here is your child growing up becoming adult.   Okay, once a neural tube is developed here for next few months, they it causes cell migration means different parts of the brain are being formed frontal lobe, occipital lobe, right? And then just before two months of birth, child start developing myelination. Myelination means, you know, you saw those neurons, right? So it start developing that, you know, myelin sheet around those neural cells. So if you look at at around zero month at birth, you know, some of the myelination is already started. You see all this, there are some amount of myelination already started. But then it starts picking up. So if you look at birth over here, the green color graph over here, you know, so that is mainly your so when you when the baby is born, what does baby do? Right? Baby can see, baby can hear, right?  You're seeing hearing so visual cortex is for saying and auditory cortex is for hearing. Okay, so those parts of your brain start getting myelination, right? Then if you look at your orange graph, this speaks at around eight to nine months of age. Do you see around nine months of age? So what happens at nine months of age? Do you remember what happens in the child? They start developing language. So they start speaking a word or two. So there is a receptive language, they can understand what you're saying. Okay, and they can also start producing speech. They'll say mama, dad, they'll say a word.  Okay, and this one, the last line, the red line, that is yet around 12 months to one year of age, and that is your higher coordination. So by one year of age, two years of age, children have good amount of high, high cognition function. You know, they can understand what you're saying, they can respond, you know, they become extremely smart. So do you see what this, this is the most important part. And after two years of age, you can see myelination going down. But it is very important that child continues to have good nutrition. Otherwise, what will happen if, if we get myelination problem, we will have a cognition issue means we will forget, we will have a forgetting, well, maybe we'll get worse. So it's important that we take care of a myelination. Okay, so this two, two, as you, as you could see, 1000 days are extremely important for brain development. Okay, now what are the other external factors which affects, as I told you, nutrition is good. But, but because there's, you know, a lot of this neural cells are developing, you want to make sure that there is reduction of toxic stress in mothers. Okay, so tomorrow, if you want to, if you're planning to become, you know, when you get married and plan to become pregnant, you make sure that you don't have stress, you know, you don't have any inflammation in the body. So you want to make sure that, you know, you don't have any diseases. Okay, no, and of course, presence of strong social support and secure attachment, very important. Okay, so just make sure those are, physical health is absolutely important, but your mental health is also important in provision of optimal nutrition. Okay, now this is some of the nutrients which are required for brain development. Okay, so I'm going to go quickly, because I'll, I'll come back to it. But mainly look at it. This is vitamin B6. What happens when you don't have vitamin B6? In fact, those are important for brain development function. Those are important for neurotransmitters.  Okay, they know that in a friend, which also influences mood. And if you don't have B6, they will, there are chances that child can have difficulty concentrating. Okay, then B12, as I talked about B12, right, neurodictive effect. Okay, then poor cognition, if child doesn't have B12 when baby is growing in the womb, you know, they will have poor cognition in younger children. In fact, what we find is we find children have tremors, children can have lifelong problem, neurological problem. So it's important that, you know, we always think of vitamin B12 because this is quite deficient in the vegan children. Okay, mothers who are vegan.  Okay, copper is important for late. We talked about for late is important. We also talked about iodine. I think iodine is important because iodine can prevent mental retardation. You know, long chain polyunsaccharide fatty acid. So mainly I'm talking about DH&EPA. Okay, LA can get converted to DH which I'll come back later.  So if it is, if mother is non-veg, please offer her factory fish. Okay, that will really help child to become really look at this. If you don't have enough DHA and there's poor attention, hyperactivity, problem learning, right? So DH&EPA is extremely important. Protein is important, selenium, zinc, right? Why is zinc? Look at this. Remember hippocampus I talked about memory.  Your zinc is really important. Okay, vitamin K, we give it at birth. It's compulsory. We give it all over the world because children don't have enough vitamin K. So we give injection at birth. Okay, iron is, I mean, iron is one topic that we can talk about for hours really. It's so important.  Okay, and we have also found there are a lot of studies which says that it shouldn't have, if they don't have enough iron, it does affect their mental health. You know, so they have high level anxiety and depression later in life. So it's important that, you know, we take care of food, which is high in iron. Okay, now, this is some of the studies that I wanted to talk about. So one of the study is what is the influence of prenatal and postnatal growth on intellectual functioning, because we all want our children to be intelligent, right? So what they found, actually, I love the study really. So what they found that when child had beautiful linear growth, linear means tall, right? So when the child was growing quite tall in first year of age, before, not after, before 12 months of age, and weight. So this was the, this was the length part before 12, and the weight of the child before four months of age, if child was growing beautifully in first four months, weight-wise, and height up to 12 months of age, those children had a higher IQ at nine years of age.  My child is not gaining weight.  Those other children will have poor IQ, right?  So this is, this is a really good study that, you know, we read all the time in pediatrics. Okay. And also another thing is your IOGR. So you know, a lot of time, I mean, in India, we see a lot of low birth weight babies, right? So here, what they found that children who were born small for gestational age, small for gestational age means, you know, for that term or preterm baby, that weight was not enough. Okay. For whatever gestational age baby was born. So here, if the baby was born, say at around 35, 35 weeks of gestation, 35 is basically a premature baby, or later, they scored lower score on your neurodevelopmental assessment means they did not do well neurodevelopment. Okay. So it is important that basically, you know, children grow very well in the room during pregnancy. Okay. This is another very good study where there was a critical period of brain growth and cognitive function. So this is what they found is a brain growth during infancy early childhood is more important than growth during fetal life and determining cognitive function. This means that even if child is born, says small, you know, but if child has beautiful growth in first says 12 months, 18 months, then that we can basically rescue the child. Okay.  So this was another very good study which was done. Now timing of growth faltering is very, very important. Okay. Because what we found, this is one study which was done. They basically took 700,000 children, okay, from zero to six years of age and they took it, they took this data from 57 different countries. Look at this huge study and very recent 2018, right. And what they found that basically most linear growth faltering, linear growth means height and the wasting, which is your acute malnutrition, it takes place prior to 23 months of age means most of your malnutrition, undernutrition takes place under, under 1000 days. Okay. So here is the growth. Here is a chart that they shown in their publication. So here, this is your boys. So this are your boys. Okay. This is your mean, zero is mean. Most of the 50 percent children should be over here. Okay. But here, as you see, this is your zero month, six months, 12 months, 18 months. Do you see how boys, and this is your height for height, okay, your height for age, the Z score. So look at how children are growing, going down in 18 months, right? These are boys and these are girls. So girls are not so small to begin with. But basically they fall, right? Boys fall definitely much more. And then by, by 16 months, pretty much they're pretty much equal, right? So girls have advantage in the beginning. Now this is your waist, weight for height means this is your sand man, your acute malnutrition, right? So here this is your boys, this is your mean zero. Okay. So children, children overall in 57 different countries, children are not bad begin with. But look at this, how badly they fall, right? And then they come up. So everything, whenever you see it, this growth faltering occurs in first 24 months and generally wasting occurs much early on. That means children not getting weight. So in first year of age, look at this in first year of age, children are not growing well. You know, they are not putting on weight and eventually they become stunted also, right? So what happens to all these children who are not growing well, they were nutrition will lead to stunting, they will become short. Okay.  And if you see them at three years of age, four years of age, the stunting is irreversible. So it's irreversible if you don't tackle it within one year. Okay. In my experience, if child came to me after six months of age, I could not do much about the stunting part. Really, they had to bring those children up or a reversal of stunting, I could do it just if they came before six months of age. So that first six months is extremely important. Okay. As they were losing height, they were also losing IQ. Okay. So there is a loss of IQ, which is which is very, very detrimental to child's life. Right. Then what happens the stunting when you are stunted, you will be stunted as an adult. Right. And if you're a woman, and if you're only five feet tall, then you will be basically passing on the stunting, stunted girl child, a two will give birth to a low birth weight baby. So your risk of getting a low birth weight baby is very high. Okay. If you're stunted. Okay. So, so basically you're passing on that, you know, that I wouldn't call it gene, but epigenetic expression to that child. Okay. And then that stunted child has a very high risk of developing metabolic syndrome later on. Okay. So you don't want that child to develop blood pressure diabetes. So then you work on them in first thousand days and you know, of course, continue on the children will not develop metabolic syndrome. Okay. And sometime it takes about two to three generation of combat stunting.  So that girl child, it may take maybe one or two generation for the child to become five, eight, five, nine. I'm talking about a girl child. Okay. And we have a lot of cases now the children are really girls are very tall even in India. Okay. And but that takes a two to three generation of good nutrition. Okay. So there is a journalist, Mr. Roger Thoreau, he was in India and he did a lot of study, you know, on malnutrition is a beautiful paper. You guys must read it. And he wrote a beautiful, he quoted the sir, he wrote that if you want to improve the future, to truly improve the world, we have thousand days to do mother by mother, child by child for what happens in those thousand days through pregnancy to second birthday, it determines to a large extent, the course of child's life, his ability to grow, learn, work, succeed. And by extension, the long term health, stability and prosperity of society in which the child lives. Okay. So if you want to improve the world, you can't leave a single child and single mother. Okay. If you want a beautiful world where no child is malnourished, you have to basically go and help each and every mother who comes to your door. Okay. Or you have to go to her door. So I'm sure you understood the importance of first thousand days and how if first thousand days are not taken care of, then child will go into stunting and, you know, wasting and also underweight. So and of course, brain development is so important because it's very rapidly growing during first thousand days and also the physical growth, you know. So now we will start with our tutorials. So thank you. Welcome to the spoken tutorial on the importance of the first thousand days of life. In this tutorial, we will discuss the benefits of good nutrition during these days. Also, we will learn how to nourish a baby during these days. Some key topics mentioned in this tutorial are explained in other tutorials. Please visit our website for more details. Let us first understand what are the first thousand days of life. The first thousand days of life start on the first day of pregnancy. They end on a child's second birthday. How well a child grows in these thousand days decides the future. If nourished well, the child can have a healthy future. Good nutrition is necessary for a child's early development. It plays a foundational role in enabling a child to grow, learn and succeed. Let's discuss the role of nutrition at every stage in the first thousand days. The first stage is pregnancy. The brain of the fetus begins to grow from the third week of pregnancy. Thereafter, it develops at a very high speed during the entire pregnancy. Most of the mothers are not even aware of their pregnancy during this time. Therefore, all women in their reproductive age should consume nutritious food. It is especially important for women planning a pregnancy. Healthy lifestyle, body fat and muscle percentage before pregnancy are crucial. Adolescent and pre-pregnancy nutrition is explained in other tutorials. Please visit our website for more details.  It is called the myelin sheath. This helps in passing the messages through the brain cells quickly. By seventh month, brain of a fetus takes on a form that resembles an adult's brain. In the seventh, eighth and ninth months, there is a rapid growth of the fetus's brain. This rapid growth is not possible without one thing. It is the nutrition that a baby gets from the mother's diet. Mother's diet decides the baby's body fat and muscle percentage. It also decides the baby's food preferences. Mother should consume a variety of nutrient-dense, local, seasonal foods. Adequate amounts of iron, folate and calcium should be present in her body. Consumption of iodine sources is necessary during pregnancy. She must eat adequate protein, good fats and essential nutrients. Sources of these nutrients are given in other tutorials of the same series. Otherwise, vital brain development processes can be impaired. The baby could also have birth defects and cognitive defects. A well-known example is neural tube defects. Folate, B12 and choline are needed for early development of the brain and spine. Mother must take sufficient folate during pre-pregnancy. She should take it in the early weeks of pregnancy as well. Otherwise, the development of the neural tube can go wrong. It leads to birth defects of the brain and spine. The rate of a mother's weight gain during pregnancy decides the baby's health. High weight gain in mothers who are not underweight is not good. It increases the risk of childhood obesity. Obesity during pregnancy puts women at risk for gestational diabetes. This increases the baby's risk to be obese and diabetic later in life. A mother's lifestyle during pregnancy also plays an important role. Severe stress, depression or violence during pregnancy must be avoided. Such negative experiences can deeply affect a developing fetus. Smoking can cause low birth weight or premature delivery. It can also increase the baby's risk of obesity later in life. Alcohol and tobacco should not be consumed. Diseases should be prevented or treated immediately to minimize nutrient loss. After the two 70 days of pregnancy, infancy is the second stage of the first thousand days. During infancy, the child's brain develops motor functions such as balance. It also develops the ability to create new memories and remember them later. At this stage, proper newborn care is required. Newborn care is explained in detail in other tutorials in the same series. Breast milk is the best food for a newborn's brain development. It contains a variety of nutrients, growth factors and hormones. It is made up of unique components for each mother and her baby. No formula milk available in the market can be the same as mother's milk.  Mother's milk has a high level of DHA and EPA. They are important for brain development of the baby. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months has many benefits. Breastfeeding is associated with an increase in IQ. It is also associated with getting more education and earning a better income. This is true for children and adolescents across all income levels. This brain development is not just because of breast milk. The experience of breastfeeding also contributes to it. Breastfeeding involves plenty of mother-child interaction and nurturing. It helps in strengthening a baby's sensory and emotional control. These are critical for both cognitive and socio-emotional development. To get these benefits, breastfeeding must be done using the proper technique. Next, let's discuss brain development in the toddler stage. A child's brain continues to grow and develop at a rapid pace. During toddlerhood, a child's brain develops the ability to do complex tasks. A toddler's brain is busy forming new connections between the brain cells. At this time, such connections are created faster than at any other time in life. This has many benefits. It helps the child to learn new things faster. It also helps the child to adapt to changing environments and circumstances. In the second year of baby's life, parts of the brain's language areas develop. This leads to a sharp increase in a child's language abilities. It also develops language learning capacity and the ability to learn new skills. Nutrition during this period means critically important. Protein, iron, zinc and iodine are essential to the toddler's developing brain. Other important nutrients are DHA, EPA, colon, B12, etc. Iron plays a significant role in brain development throughout the first thousand days. Damage caused due to iron deficiency in these thousand days can be irreversible. It leads to impaired learning and socio-emotional behaviour. This includes less social interaction and alertness, increased irritability, increased cautiousness, less interest in indoor and outdoor games. This can reduce the amount of attention and interaction given by caregivers. This further contributes to the poor development of the child. Iron deficiency also appears to affect the chemical substances in the brain. It is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression later in life. It impacts consequent job potential. Toddlers need to be fed iron-rich foods. Otherwise, they are unlikely to consume enough iron. Hence, after six months of age, complimentary feeding is necessary. Damage caused by malnutrition in the first thousand days is permanent. It causes loss of IQ. Chronic malnutrition during this critical period leads to stunting. Loss of height or stunting in the first two years of life cannot be reversed. It affects the child's future generations too. Malnourished women give birth to malnourished sons and daughters.  Therefore, they create a continuous cycle of malnourishment. It takes two to three generations to combat stunting in future generations. This is why the average height of a 19-year-old man in India is only 5 feet. The average height of a 19-year-old man in India is only 5 feet 4 inches. All this can be prevented by improving nutrition during first thousand days. This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Thank you for joining.


I'm the Whistler. And I know many things for I walk by night. I know many strange tales, hidden in the hearts of men and women who have stepped into the shadows. Yes. I know the nameless terrors of which they dare not speak. And for another strange tale by the Whistler. Each Wednesday evening at the same time the Whistler brings you an unusual story of conflict and emotion. Tonight the broken chain. And of course he'd shuddered a little and cast it out. Of course. Arnold Stanton, respectable businessman, citizen taxpayer would be horrified at such an idea. So he went back to his routine and resolved never to let himself think about it again. But in spite of him the thought did come back two weeks later. Then only a week after that. Then at more frequent intervals until he found it popped into his head at least once every day. It was worse on weekends when he had to be with Evelyn all the time. When her helplessness, her utter dependence on him for everything rose up and almost smothered him. By now the thought didn't seem so horrible anymore. It had attained a kind of normal logical quality and he found he liked to dwell on it like a problem in mathematics. In short, Arnold Stanton was ready to murder his wife. Do you miss the bird? Sam Moore drove me home. Oh, of course. It is Monday. Yes, Evelyn, it's Monday. You look so tired, darling. I think you've been working too hard. Kiss? Of course. That's better. You know, we ought to take a little vacation a day or two. A week, perhaps. We could get a cab. Cabinet Wilders Cove, right? What's the matter with Wilders Cove? Nothing. It's been good enough for the past ten years. I suppose it'll do for the next ten.  You always managed to see things my way. And Miss Roberts could look after things at the office while we're gone. Dinner will be ready in just a minute. Or how is she these days? How is who? Oh, Miss Roberts, really. Same as ever. You know, darling, we ought to have her out to dinner some evening. Not that I want to share you with another woman. But I think about Miss Roberts and I feel sort of superior. She must need an awfully dull lie. I don't know. She seems to have her interest. Oh, such as they are. Poor dear, working so hard in your office all day, going home to that dreadful lonely apartment. Oh, darling, I'm so lucky to have you. I don't know what I do if anything should happen. But we won't ever talk about that, really, dear. We're so happy, Arnold. Now, you sit right down with your paper and I'll have dinner on the table in just a second. Very well, dear. There's nothing wrong, is there, Arnold? No. Why? Well, you hardly said a word. What's the matter? Cat got your tongue. Ah, there's it, dear. Now, I'll call you in a shake. I have a special surprise. They've seen just the way you like them. And now for turnovers, is that all? Yes, Arnold, this Monday night is different from all the rest. Six months ago, it was just a vagrant, horrifying idea. Now it's an obsession, isn't it? It's a terrible decision, Arnold. And there's no one to talk it out with, no one in whom you can confide.  But you can't walk out, Arnold. That's the strange part of it. You've decided it would be too cool to walk out. She leans on you. She's dependent on you for everything. No, Arnold, you can't walk out. Arnold! Yes, dear, coming. It's odd, isn't it, Arnold? Our random thought, like the one that struck you six months ago, can take hold and grow and finally solidify into something very real, as evening after evening of Evelyn's non-sensical prattle drives you closer and closer to it.   As usual, you help Evelyn with the dinner dishes. But tonight, your mind isn't on your work. That's my best have in China. I don't know why, but it struck me tonight that there's no use letting it gather dust in the closet. We almost never use it, and I said to myself, there's no use having nice things if you can enjoy them. I think that's right, don't you, Arnold? Don't you think that's right? Arnold, aren't you listening to me? Oh, oh, sorry, dear. Yes, yes, of course. Well, here's the cash, dear. I'll be careful, dear. I was saying about using the havelin for every day. Yes, there's no use having nice things if you can't enjoy them. Well, I hope you don't think it's wrong, Arnold. It is lovely, China, but after all, what's the use in having nice... Of course, dear, of course. Oh, give me careful with that cash, dear. Aunt Leone gave it to us for a wedding present, remember? Good darling. She'd be alive today if it weren't for that terrible accident. What? Accident? I don't remember. Oh, well, of course you do, dear. The best job. She's a comforter, Evelyn, but she's heartbroken. Her best casts are old, Arnold. You do feel sorry for her, don't you? It's clear now that you could never leave her. Why, that would be more cruel than the other way. So there's going to be an accident, isn't there, Arnold? A simple, ordinary accident, like Aunt Leone's in the bathtub tomorrow morning. Everyone knows she sleeps late, that you always have breakfast in town, that you're at the office working before she gets up. 10 o'clock, dear, time we were in bed. I suppose so. I'm awfully sorry about the casserole, dear.  But after all, it's Havilland, and you just can't buy it these days. It simply isn't to be had. And it's the only thing Aunt Leone gave us. You do understand, don't you, Arnold? I'll try and find another one tomorrow. Oh, it's no use, Arnold. Havilland just isn't to be. Let me try, dear. About tomorrow, I forgot to tell you that the coffee shop where I usually have my breakfast is closed for redecoration. I was wondering if you'd mind getting up early tomorrow, fixing me a little breakfast. Why, I'd love to, dear. You know I love waiting on you. Yes, I know. Oh, it'll be fun, Arnold. We'll have hot cakes and sausages and eggs. Oh, oh, my, I am sleepy. I'd better run up to bed if I'm to get up with the birds. Oh, it'll be fun, Arnold. I think it'd be nice if we did it more often. Perhaps it would. Good night, darling. And you do understand about this. Yes, Havilland, I do understand about the casserole. It's a long night, isn't it, Arnold? The longest night you ever spent in your life. You lie there wide awake looking up at the ceiling, at the shadow of the chandelier and the moonlight, the black silhouette of its chain against the pale gray of the ceiling. Yes, Arnold, a chain. That's what you're going to do tomorrow morning, isn't it? Break the chain. Smash it into 1,000 pieces. Oh, Havilland, are you awake, Havilland? Too late, I should have known she'd been. That breakfast is ready before you get dressed. This brings you another strange tale. You know, when you mix nitric acid and glycerin together, you get a pretty explosive combination. And when you add an unlimited supply of gasoline to that tired pre-war car of yours, the result can be just as dangerous. 15,750 people died on the country's highways during the first six months of this year. 40% more than the same period last year. And the toll is rising daily. Remember the next time you get into your car that it can't always happen to the other fellow and don't take a chance. Have your lights and brakes checked regularly and then keep a cautious foot on that accelerator just to make sure. The Whistler. Broken Arnold after 12 years. And Havilland lies dead where you left her. Of an accidental fall in the bathtub. There won't be many questions. There can't be. There were no questions about Aunt Leona were there. Lots of people fall in bathtubs, hit their heads, and drown. And it's so simple, Arnold. You take the 713 bus as usual, drop it to the coffee shop for breakfast as usual, report to the office at exactly the usual time. The neighbors all know she sleeps until well after you've left. That she must have been alone at the time of the fall. All you have to do now is to carry on exactly as you always do. To be careful that nothing happens on this day that will distinguish it from the all the other drab but notness days before the chain was broken. Mr. Patton. Oh, I'm sorry, Ms. Roberts, where was I? Let's see. We will appreciate anything you can do to expedite shipment since we are committed on delivery by February 1st. Oh, yes, Merton, amalgamated foods. Please add this, Ms. Roberts. Paragraph. Incidentally, Mrs. Stanton wants particularly to be remembered to your wife and suggests if Mrs. Merton is accompanying you east that you make it a point to stay with us in regards, and I think that ought to do it. Now, I'll get it out right away. Oh, by the way, how is Mrs. Stanton doing lately? Well, same as ever. She was sleeping like a baby when I left this morning. You know how she is about getting up early. Yes, I know. Well, it's 1145, Mr. Stanton. Remember, you have a lunch in appointment at 1230. Well, thank you, Ms. Roberts. I'll remember. 1145, Arnold, business as usual. They haven't found her yet. They'll call you as soon as they do, and it can't be much longer. 1145. Who will find her, Arnold? The grocery boy or the mailman, perhaps? No, they wouldn't go upstairs. It'll probably be Mrs. Bronson down on the street. Knows the old Mrs. Bronson coming around just about now, pounding on the back door. Oh, it's you, Richard. What's the matter, Mr. Stanton? You nearly jumped out of your chair. Here's to you know, our day to go over the accounts. Oh, yes, the accounts. Business as usual, Arnold. Everything you do this day is going under a microscope. Richard will remember how you jumped just then. Concentrate on the figures, Arnold. 1144, 45, our accounts with great Western stores amounted to $72,800. But you can't concentrate. No matter how hard you try, Mrs. Bronson will knock on the back door, and no one will answer. But how will she get in to discover Evelyn? Did you leave the door unlocked, Arnold? You are so excited that you might have forgotten. That would mean you'd have to find her yourself tonight when you come home. No, no, I can't do that. What was that, Mr. Stanton? Oh, I'm sorry, Richard. You said you couldn't do something. Yes. I mean, I can't spend any more time on the reports right now. Would you mind leaving him here so I can check him this afternoon? Is anything wrong? No, nothing's wrong, Richard. Please go now. Western, hey, Earl, to see you, why you were out to lunch, Mr. Stanton? Hey, Earl, I don't know any Hey, Earl. Well, rather nice-looking young man. Was he here on business? Well, he said it was personal and quite important. I see. Anything else? No. Were you expecting anything? No, Ms. Roberts. Nothing. Oh, well, here's your letter to Mrs. Merton. I included that additional paragraph about your wife, and oh, that reminds me. Huh? Reminds of what? Oh, I'm sorry. There was another message while you were out to lunch, and I don't know how I could have overlooked it. It was right on my pattern. What was it, Ms. Rory? Well, it was nothing urgent or anything like that. What was the message? It was from your wife. She said she's playing bridge at Mrs. Bronson's, and maybe late getting home this evening. She didn't want you to worry about her. That's all. Don't faint now, Arnold. You don't want Ms. Roberts to see you faint. What she said wasn't so remarkable, just an ordinary telephone call. Business as usual, Arnold. Wait until she gets out of the room. You better say something, anything. Thank you, Ms. Roberts. Oh, not at all. If you'll sign the letter. Yes, of course. You can let go now. She won't be back.  She's not alive. I saw her die. She's not alive. I'll go home and I can't go home. I can't take the chance. Business as usual. Ms. Roberts might have made a mistake, Arnold. Perhaps the message came in yesterday, a week ago. Perhaps she looked at the wrong page of her book by mistake. Ms. Roberts, I was just thinking. I was wondering, no, never mind. I found what I was looking for, never mind.  She, she. I know she's wrong. I know it. I get myself together. Try to forget about it. I must have dosed off. I've been working a little too hard lately. Mr. Stanton, is something wrong? No, why? Well, you acted so strangely all day. Oh, it's not strange about a man getting tired and falling asleep. Mr. Stanton, I'm sorry. I'm sorry too, Ms. Roberts. It's late now. It's after five. You better run along. I'm going too. Don't want to be late. Evelyn will be waiting dinner and I'd. I thought I told you, Mr. Stanton. She's playing bridge. Oh, yes, that's right. I forgot. By the way, Ms. Roberts. Yes? Were there any other calls this afternoon? Oh, I'm glad you reminded me. Mr. Haverhill called again and said not to disturb you, that he'd see you tonight at home. Mr. Haverhill. Mr. Haverhill. You don't know who he is or what he is, Arnold. And you haven't got time to think about it now. Perhaps he's a plain clothesman, a detective. Anything is possible, isn't it?  Business is usual, Arnold. Nothing you've done today was usual. Barking at your secretary, jumping at open doors, falling asleep exhausted for four hours this afternoon. And they'll remember everything when the time comes, Arnold. But still, you can't run out now. You've got to go through with it. You've got to go home and find out once and for all. Sir is just inside the door on the right. But you can't take it right now. You stand there for a minute, not thinking, not moving, feeling the pulse pound in your temples. And then you find yourself fumbling for a cigarette. Cigarette. You tear it to pieces, trying to get it out of the package. And then find you have no matches, so you skip the cigarette for the time being. Mrs. Bronson. Yeah. Arnold, Arnold Statham. Oh, yes. I don't want to bother you, Mrs. Bronson. But no, nothing like that, Mrs. Bronson. I just, there was a message for me this afternoon at the office. Something about Evelyn playing bridge, I think. Oh, yes.  Why? There's only one answer now. They discover they're in there trying to trap you. Mrs. Bronson knows. Miss Roberts knew this afternoon they all know. This young man is waiting at the front door. You know who he is, don't you, Arnold? Have to face him, Arnold. One thing more, and you will be sure. Slowly you walk to the front door. What is it? What do you want? I'm sorry, Mr. Stanton. I love it with. What do you want? My name's Havel. I've come to talk to you about your wife. Position, you know. Well, can't you come back later? No, I want to. Excuse me. Five minutes. That's all. I want just five minutes. One minute, Mr. Stanton. And the pistol in the middle drawer. You'd given it to Evelyn, Arnold, because she was afraid while you were away at the orphan. Because she couldn't stand being without you alone. You take it out. Notice how cold it feels in your hand. Check the breach and find it's loaded, ready to go. You're tense now as you sit down in the easy chair by the fireplace. Four minutes left, Arnold, and you won't need all of it. The heat of your hand has warmed the handle. It feels more natural there. You look at it for a moment, then raise it slowly. Your hand tightens on the trigger. Return in just a moment with the strange ending of tonight's story.  Mr. and Mrs. America are bundling the suitcases and the kids into the family car and taking to the woods for the biggest vacation season since 41. And of course, we have it coming. But please remember this. Be careful with fire. Don't throw tobacco or matches from your car even if you're sure they're out. Use the ash trays instead. Build campfires only in areas where they're permitted and make doubly sure they're extinguished before you leave. The forests are ours to enjoy, but there are responsibilities too. So remember these simple rules and do your part in helping to prevent forest fires. Now, back to the Whistler. Though the chain was broken, Arnold, not in one place, but in two. Mrs. Bronson, of course, was the first to discover it. She'd been concerned over the way you sounded on the telephone and had hurried over to find you sprawled in the easy chair by the fireplace. A half hour later, Sergeant Cook was there too, and the pieces began to fit together. Now, Mrs. Bronson, you say you know something about all this? Yes. In a way, I feel so irresponsible. Responsible? Well, you see, Mr. Stanton called me just before it happened. And well, I told him Evelyn was at my house. Oh, I know I shouldn't have, but Evelyn was such a dear friend of mine. And well, I don't think I was a party to it. I never really approved. But there was this other person, Mr. Haverle. Mr. Weston Haverle? Yes, Evelyn had been seeing him for some time. I told her she was very wrong. But the least she could do be tell her husband she was in love with someone else. But she felt so sorry for Arnold. Said he was so dependent on her. Yes. Mr. Haverle wanted to have it all up with Arnold to be aboveboard about the whole thing. But Evelyn couldn't face it. So I? I covered up for her. What do you mean, covered up for her? Well, Evelyn and Mr. Haverle were going to spend the day together, something special. And I called Mr. Stanton's office and pretended I was Evelyn. Said she was at my house playing bridge. Then when he got home, time she wasn't there, he called me to check up on her. And you told him the same thing? Yes, I told him she'd just left. What else could I do? Must have been a terrible shock when he found her there in the bathroom. Yeah. Arnold couldn't stand it, poor man. He just had to be with her. You know? It makes sort of a perfect ending. He never would have been happy without her. He loved her so. Production were Elliott Lewis and B. Vanadara. A major production of the Columbia Broadcasting System and was directed by George W. Allen with tonight's story by Robert Libet and Frank C. Burt. Music by Wilbur Hatch. The Whistler is transmitted to our troops overseas by the Enforces Radio Service.


Yesterday, I crossed my first 5K finish line and then immediately broke down in tears in my dad's arm. So let's talk about how I got here. At age 13, I had a bad horseback riding accident and the injuries that I sustained eventually led to me having to make the decision to amputate my leg for hope of a better life with more mobility and less pain. Unfortunately, that did not go smoothly. It led to additional surgeries. There were days when I felt like I would never walk again. But finally, I was able to start to learn how to walk, learn how to do things like snowboard and go to a ninja gym and do a cartwheel. But the thing I always dreamed of doing was being able to run. A year ago, I was given my first running blade and I started training and yesterday I ran my first 5K. Crossing the finish line is a feeling I'll never forget. It felt like it was all worth it and I can't wait to see what comes next.


Nathan, welcome. Are you feeling today? Alhamdulillah, welcome, welcome. Alright, it's an honor to have you. Thank you for coming here today. Alhamdulillah, Alhamdulillah. Thank you for coming here today and honoring this group. It's a beautiful Friday, it's a blessed Friday. Insha'Allah, Nathan, we will do the declaration of faith and testify and declare in English and then in Arabic, insha'Allah. No one's forcing you to do this? No. You're comfortable? You ready? Any questions? No questions. Alhamdulillah. Okay. Bismillah. Repeat after me, please. I, Nathan Zabados. I, Nathan Zabados. Hereby declare. Hereby declare. Announce. Announce. Testify. Testify. And bear witness. And bear witness. That there is no God. That there is no God. There is no one worthy of worship. There is no one worthy of worship. Accept Allah. Accept Allah. And I declare. And I declare. And I affirm. And I affirm. And I testify. And I testify. And I announce. And I announce. And I bear witness. And I bear witness. That Muhammad is the messenger of Allah in Arabic. Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah Second time. Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah Final time everyone if you'd like to join. Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Muhammadan Rasulullah Allah wa akbar wa li-llahi alhamd Allah wa akbar Allah wa akbar Allah wa akbar la ilaha illa Allah wa akbar Allah wa akbar wa li-llahi alhamd Bismillah I'll make duaat for you Nathan Bismillah Alhamdulillah As-Sratu As-Salaam wa Rasulillah Ya Allah please accept Nathan as one of your beautiful servants Amin Ya Allah we ask you we ask you Ya Allah by your beloved names and beloved messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam to elevate Nathan in this world and the next Amin elevate him inwardly and outwardly and to fill his life in his home with joy and happiness and openings and victories and success and blessings and guidance and smiles and family and friends Ya Allah we ask you Ya Allah as you say be and it is you do as you please you do whatever you want Ya Allah to take this moment and to let it transcend time and space Ya Allah to go into the afterlife Ya Allah and to go to every unseen realm so the angels are celebrating and and celebrating Nathan's moment Ya Allah Amin Ya Allah we ask you in this moment Ya Allah to take care of all of us by this moment we're turning to you in sincerity Ya Allah and to grant us Ya Allah all of us all forgive all of our sins Ya Allah and grant us all Ya Allah that real moment to gather all of us in heaven Ya Allah we declare we know that paradise is real and the hellfire is real and we ask you to grant Nathan to grant all of us paradise without judgment Ya Allah and to make Nathan a gentleman and a scholar and an example and a role model and to make him and to give him a beautiful life and a beautiful afterlife and a beautiful life in the grave and to make his journey in every realm and in every aspect a light a journey of light Amin and a journey of joy Amin and we ask you for everything good that Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam asked you for and seek protection from every harm that Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam sought protection from for our brother Nathan and to fill his life surrounding him with love Amin Amin Ameen Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alameen Al Fatiha


This paper proposes a new satellite-based drought index called the Modified Temperature Vegetation Drinus Index, MTVDI. This index uses MODIS data to measure vegetation dryness and is designed specifically for areas with high fractional vegetation cover, FVC. It has been found to be more accurate than other existing drought indices such as the Temperature Vegetation Drinus Index, TVDI, and has improved correlation coefficients with drought indicators such as standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices, SPEIs, potential evapotranspiration, PET, crop water deficit index, CWDI, and precipitation. Additionally, the MTVDI has been shown to be more reliable and accurate during major drought events. This article was authored by Rui Dai, Xingbo Qin, Yijing Chao, and others.


If I can just start by saying that today marks phase three of our Easter road toll campaign for 2012, and it's a very important day. The reason, of course, is multi-fold. The first is that we've got a lot of children returning to school after a holiday break, and that's always a difficult time. It can be problematic, young children excited to return to school, so we like to have a very good police presence and a very effective police presence in school zones over that period. I think the other thing that's important, of course, is the fact that school zone times in some instances will have changed across South East Queensland, and that's to bring them into line, so that all school zone hours in South East Queensland are between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m. and, of course, in the afternoon from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. And that's standardized across South East Queensland now, so drivers need to be mindful of the fact that there may be some changes to the time zone times in their school zone areas. And I think the final thing to say is that at the end of school holidays there's still some holiday traffic on the road, still some people returning to both work and to school, so it's really important that people are quite vigilant whilst they're driving, particularly over this coming day and the remainder of the week. Eddie, you're taking those no excuses now, that's just a message people are going to get into their heads about at 7 a.m. to 9 and 2 to 4 p.m. I think that's the key, that standardisation is really important, 7 to 9, 2 to 4, every school day of the year, and I think if people remember that and if people are vigilant to make sure that they are checking their own school zones to see if there's been any sort of change, that's a really important thing. There is a high degree of vulnerability of road users in and around school zones. That's the nature of young children and roads, so we would urge people to take special care. Of course, as you know, this is the national youth week this week. The loss of a child or the injury of a child is terrible at any time. It would be a tragic irony if a child was to be injured or killed at a school zone during the national youth week. So you give fair warning that there will be sort of blitzes around the school zone? Yes, today and for the remainder of this week there will be a significant police presence and motorists will notice this in and around school zones. And of course that's because we are here to support parents, carers and teachers as they ensure the safe return of their children to school. Do you have any statistics on how many people would find in school zones over the past 12 months? No, I haven't got that information with me unfortunately, no. Well we find that it's far more common than it ought to be. We do spend a lot of our resources and times in and around school zones and I've got to tell you that we are routinely disappointed by the speed that some people travel through school zones at. Now I'd like to think that this discussion that we're having today and this information that's getting out into the community will underscore the point that school zones are areas in which there are vulnerable road users and it would be an absolute tragedy if one of our young children was killed as a result of speeding motorists in a school zone. One would assume you know drivers have enough smarts not to deliberately speed where they're akin so it's got to be a sort of complacency or something like that or just lack of awareness. I think you're right I think sometimes the driving task becomes quite mundane and it's not unusual for people to lose focus and lose concentration and I guess that's why we're urging people to take a good look around their school zones in the areas that they drive in these days to make sure that if there has been any change they're aware of that change. So I guess we're encouraging people just to focus on the task at hand and as I say particularly over this period as young children are returning to school as some families are still returning from holidays and of course with this change that some people will notice to schools own timings in their area. Do you have any information from this morning's blitzes as to how many people were caught or the speeds they were doing? No not yet that information will be accumulated over the course of the next day or two and we'll certainly have some information to look at that. I think what's important too is that the information that we gather today will inform future intelligent deployment of our traffic resources into the future. So this is a fairly major blitz that we're having around in and around school zones. If the results are disappointing in other words if there are lots of people that we locate speeding well you can bet that we'll be ramping up our enforcement at subsequent return to school periods. When exactly did those time zones change over? As of one minute past midnight today so that's one minute past midnight on the 16th of April. The rest of Queensland's coming in June is that right? Yes by July we anticipate that so the southeast corner of the state has become formalised, has consolidated its timings. Outside of the southeast corner of the state we anticipate by July all schools own times will come into uniform standard across the state.