So as many of you know, Fox News has become so obsessed with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez that they have resorted to creeping on her Instagram account in order to find content to attack her for.  And if you didn't know that that was a thing, yes, I'm here to tell you it is in fact a thing. There is a young Latino woman who is running for Congress who claims she is the antithesis of AOC's progressive policies. The only problem with the right wing version of AOC is that she kind of sucks. And in an interview with Stuart Varney, you're going to see how unimpressed even he is.  The right wing version of AOC has absolutely no substance whatsoever. Take a look. Catalina Lauff is with us on your screens now. Welcome to the show, Catalina. Good to see you. Hi, Stuart. Thanks so much for having me. You bill yourself as the anti-AOC candidate. So if you're anti-AOC, what are you in favor of? What do you stand for? You know, Stuart, I'm not anti-anyone. I'm pro-America. And if there's contrast there, it's that I'm fiercely driven by a love for my country, not everything. I'm not driven by a hate for everything that it stands for, like somebody like AOC and the rest of her, your friends on the other side. What kind of policies do you favor? Sure. So I'm a huge free market conservative. I think that we should have a free market principle. The socialism rhetoric on the other side is so detrimental and so un-American that we need to get back to a framework where we are respecting where our Constitution stands and allowing individual and personal responsibility. OK. Most young people that I know of your age are very much climate people. They want a climate plan. How do you, where do you stand on climate change? Sure. You know, I think we need to talk more on the economy in a broader sense. I think climate change should be addressed. But the policies at the other side are trying to implement are completely ludicrous. I mean, think about the amount of money that they want to spend on that, and it just doesn't make sense. There are other policies that are way more paramount and important, and I think that millennials need to recognize that. Now, you are the daughter, I believe, of a legal immigrant. I think that's accurate in saying that. OK. Now, where do you stand on this whole immigration issue? Because if someone like me said, look, I want something done about the 11 to 15 million illegals living in this country, I'm branded as a racist pretty fast. How about you? Where do you stand on this? No, the racism talk has got to end, you know, because we want safe and secure borders and because there should be a process and we should promote legal immigration. How is that illogical to ask? My mother, my family came here in a way that was respecting the laws. And I think a lot of Hispanic Americans agree who have also respected the laws. That was that was amazing. If you're the anti AOC, what do you stand for?  I'm pro America. And if there's contrast there, it's that I'm fiercely driven by a love for my country. I'm not driven by a hate of everything that it stands for. So let me remind you, he asked her what she stands for, and her answer can be reduced down to I'm pro America. Okay, great. You know, when we ask where a politician stands, you know, nine times out of 10, we're trying to figure out where they stand with regard to policy, but I'm glad that you're pro America. I kind of expect you to be pro America if you're running for Congress, but nonetheless, Stuart followed up and said, okay, but what policies do you stand for? She then said, I'm a huge free market conservative. I think that we should have a free market, free market principles. The socialism rhetoric on the other side is so detrimental and so un-American. And we need to get back to a framework where we are respecting where our Constitution stands and allowing individual and personal responsibility. I mean, I don't know what that means. These are conservative buzzwords that she got from a word cloud. I mean, when you say that you are a free market conservative, that doesn't tell me anything about your policy positions. You are stating your political ideology. But if you are a free market conservative, what specific policy proposals would you implement that would complement your free market ideas? I mean, for example, do you think that a particular regulation or tax hinders the free market from flourishing in your district? What does getting back to a framework where we respect our Constitution look like in practice? What does that even mean? If you're going to criticize AOC, Fox, and say that she's dumb, then maybe don't prop up someone who's clearly not ready for primetime yet and say, hey guys, we've got the anti AOC here.  She's dumb.  And she said, I think climate change should be addressed, but I think the policies the other side are trying to implement are completely ludicrous. I mean, think about the amount of money they want to spend on that. It just doesn't make sense. Okay, great. So you seemingly believe in climate change. That's better than I would have expected. However, you're a Republican. So first of all, if you believe in climate change, then one, what policy do you want to implement to address climate change? And two, how are you going to convince your fossil fuel funded colleagues in the Republican Party to implement the policy that you want, given it actually is one that is good and sufficient? What are you going to do?  Kind of an important issue, don't you think? Additionally, towards the end is Stuart Varney revealed why he brought her on and why he decided to prop up someone who clearly doesn't really know anything about politics. He wants a brown girl to shield him from criticism after his network himself and the president continues to fear monger about people moving here after our drug war and military interventions destroyed their country. So when he says, you know, I don't like mass immigration, she can shield him from the claim that he is racist.  The only reason why she's there, the only reason why Fox News ever brings on members from marginalized communities when the Republican Party absolutely doesn't just not want to represent them, but actually doesn't like them clearly as demonstrated by their actions, they bring them on because they want you to throw your community under the bus. And she did just that. And if you truly were only, you know, against illegal immigration and you were pro-legal immigration, what did you have to say when Donald Trump made it more difficult for people to seek asylum at legal ports of entry? Because that is a legal form of immigration. If you get asylum here, you could one day be a citizen. So why didn't you say anything about that? Do you not have any criticism for Donald Trump? It's a joke. And since this segment was so awful at showcasing who this individual is as a politician, I decided to take the liberty to look her up. So I went to her website and I wasn't expecting much, but I was genuinely shocked by the lack of substance. There was nothing here. She literally doesn't even have an issues page. There's basically nothing here, just a picture of her with an old dude in a mega hat. And that's it. So she is quite literally running as the anti-AOC and she has no policies to rebut what AOC is proposing. Here's how you effectively run an anti-AOC campaign. Oh, well, she supports student loan debt cancellation. Well, I support canceling 5%. She supports Medicare for all. Well, I support an add-on to the Affordable Care Act or I support my own right-wing equivalent. But she has nothing. And when I looked at her campaign video, there were a lot of things to mean that seemed pretty familiar. She's straight up just ripping off AOC's campaign. Someone like me doesn't fit the mold. Women like me aren't supposed to run for office. My father is a small business owner who worked hard all of his life providing first family. My mother is a legal immigrant from Guatemala. Mother from Puerto Rico. Dad from the South Bronx. I've gone from working at a startup to working for President Donald Trump. I'm an educator, an organizer, a working-class New Yorker. They forget what makes America great is all of us coming together. A New York for the many is possible. It's time for all of us to stand up and fight for the future of the American Dream. Yeah, uncanny. So this is embarrassing. Her entire campaign is based on her being a copy of AOC but on the right wing. To run a campaign where you are copying someone and cloud chasing, that isn't a way to actually get elected. That's just embarrassing. You don't stand for anything. You're hollow. You're vacuous. Why are you running? You're running just so you can be a young lawmaker who is the answer on the right to AOC.  Just pick maybe one policy. Even if you pick the dumbest policy and you run on the wall, it's a policy at least.  But why are you running? And I don't want to be too hard on her because she's young. And, you know, it's hard to run for Congress, right? You're under scrutiny and whatnot. But I mean, if you are going to run for Congress, that is a tremendous responsibility.  You should be ashamed of yourself that you think you're qualified to run for Congress when you literally can't name a single policy proposal on Fox News. Like he was handling you with kid gloves and you still fumbled that interview. Shameful. Now, that's not to say that she's different than any other Republican. They all are vacuous.  She can't even do that. She just is thinking that she's going to win by coasting on AOC's name recognition and cloud chasing. I mean, maybe it'll work because it's the Republican Party, but it's still not something that you should be too proud of.


You guys brought Chester Rogers in, added him to the practice squad yesterday. He's a veteran guy. How quickly can you get a guy like that up to speed and what kind of things does he bring to the table? I think obviously he brings experience to the table. He's actually playing some NFL games. He understands the preparation that's involved. In regards to how fast we can get him up to speed, that's really up to him. Depends on how much you can handle and how much you can throw at him. And then some of the guys that you've been kind of shuffling back and forth between the roster and the practice squad, Batson, Westbrook, and Hollister. How have those guys done with that role? And I guess just kind of the back and forth that goes along with it. Really those guys have done a nice job of really taking advantage of the opportunity, being prepared, being ready to answer the call. Camped, there's some really nice things for us. You know, Khalif continues to give us solid reps. And you and Nick have some plays of note as well offensively. So I mean, I thought those guys stepped in and made some time he plays when they could. Glennon? Hey Rob, question for you guys. I've seen a lot of success in end of game, end of half, two minute kind of situations. Wondering what your thoughts are on the way you guys practice and how that, those kind of drills and how it appears to translate well into games. I think one of the things that Coach Rebel does a great job is really making sure our guys are prepared for all the different situations that we face. Obviously two minute is one of those situations that can win and lose games for you. So obviously it's a major emphasis of something that we really focus on in practice and preparing for the different situations. And I think it's really just a microcosm of the work that we put in throughout the course of the virtual meetings as well as training camp. And maybe just to be even more specific, I guess, in terms of wide receivers, what is most important for the wide receivers to have in mind to keep his priorities in those types of situations? You know, I think it really starts and finishes with Ryan. Ryan does a great job of communicating with those guys, of making sure they all understand where he wants them and the timing of it. And what the expectation is on each concept. I think those guys buy in and they have a great understanding of what he wants. And they try to be in those appropriate spots when a time's called for. Thanks. Thank you. Hey Coach, thanks for doing this. How have you, what have you seen from Corey the past couple of weeks in the way that he stepped up and been able to make big plays in the passing day for you guys? I just think he's taken advantage of the opportunities that he's given. He came back, he's still working his way in terms of his conditioning and getting himself back from that standpoint and also some of the nuances and some of the technique things that come along with it. But I think it's obvious that he's kind of kept his focus while he was out of practice and now he's on his way back to really being more of a disciplined runner and continuing to make plays for us. What have you observed about his connection with Corey? It's obviously difficult to go from one quarterback to another over the course of last season. How much have you seen that grow in their time together since? Yeah, I think they're starting to get some familiarity, arity with each other and I think for the most part Corey and Ryan are really developing a relationship, that kind of quarterback relationship you got to have where a lot of times some things are unspoken and you just have a feel for what that player is going to do or what your quarterback wants. And I think that's starting to develop with those guys. Thanks, Coach. Tehran. Yeah, what's up, Coach Rob? The ball distribution in these first couple games, it's been really good. What are your thoughts on the group that you have as far as everybody being able to contribute? Why is that? Yeah, I love the guys that I have in my room. I think they all have different skill sets and I think it's a combination of when you put all those guys on the field with different skill sets, the different strengths and weaknesses out there. And I think Ryan has a great grasp of what those are and art does a great job of putting those guys in situations where they can play to their strengths. So I think that's probably the biggest reason is that art and Ryan have a pretty good understanding of who those guys are as players and we put them in positions to be effective. Some of the receivers throughout the league that I've talked to, they say, well, you know, when I have this guy as my quarterback, even if I'm the fourth read, I better be ready because the ball could come my way and it very well made. Is that something that like a conversation you have with these guys in regards to Tana Hill? Oh, no doubt about it. He's a quarterback that gets through the progression, you know, and he may go from one to four in a heartbeat, you know, and those guys understand that. So if it's anything that they know is the fact that they have to be where they're supposed to be, a given play. And if you're there, he's going to get you the ball. You know, he done look at the jersey number or who you are. He throws it to the open guy. And as a receiver, you love playing for a quarterback like that. Thank you. Entry. Yeah, coach, with AJ out this last game, was the plan all along to play Batson as many snaps as he did or did he kind of earn that through the course of the game?  You're on this roster, you know, it's for a reason. And that's to contribute to the team. And these guys, when they get the opportunity, they stepped up big for us the last couple of games. And I expect that to continue as a year progresses. Do you feel like he, you know, had a good game, kind of made the most of the opportunity from what you saw? Tim? Yeah. Oh, without question. We go back and he made some timely plays for us. He caught that dagger out, which was a big play in the game for us, helped us move the chains and really helped us cross the 50-yard line to get in the strike zone. And believe it or not, one of the things that won't show up in the stat sheet is some of the things he did in the run game in blocking. He lacks a size, but he's got a big heart. He's tenacious and he's a gritty football player and it showed up on Sunday. You know, when a guy, I guess he's about 5'8". When a guy's that size, does he often get overlooked? I mean, does he have to kind of prove it maybe more than a guy who on paper looks to be more of a, you know, prototypical receiver? No, I think the key to this game is you have to play to what your skill sets are. You know, Cam's game is speed, quickness. He has a level of grittiness that you don't find in a lot of smaller receivers, which gives him an edge and an advantage. And I think he does, you know, he does a great job of playing to his strengths and understanding who he is as a player and not trying to play outside of that. Jim. Hey, everyone, I appreciate your time. I guess I'm asking about Adam Humphries. Just, he'd been a league for a while, I guess, when he got to you. What did you think about him from afar? And Miami, what's kind of stood out about him since, you know, since you've been working with him? You know, Adam's a consummate pro. He comes to work every day. He's ready. He's prepared. You know, he has great questions. You know, he's well informed going into games. He's a disciplined route runner. All the little things that you need to be great at in this league, you know, he does a great job of being ready in those areas. And, you know, he's starting to show a little bit more versatility as well. We're starting to use him a little bit more in some of the 21 and 12 packages. So, you know, I think he's done a good job of fitting in and allowing us to use him in ways he wasn't using Tampa. And one on AJ, I know he wants to play competitive guy. How did you kind of keep his head up last week and how much did you chomp into the bid to get back out there?  And the only thing that is, is really being locked in in his playbook understanding that when he does get back, whether it's this week or next week, that he's prepared and he's ready to go from a mental standpoint. He can't lose that age that he got in training camp. That's something that's gonna be important as he progresses his way back to getting on the field.


Hi everybody, Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. We're having a CUBE conversation in the Palo Alto studio. It's something that we do when we get a little break in the show schedule, we can take a minute, catch our breath and still sit down with the tech leaders that you want to hear from. But now we can do it in the studio outside the context of the hustle and bustle of a show. And really excited to have a true industry veteran. He's been around for probably longer than he wants me to say on air. So I'll let him say how long. But who Yoshida, the CTO of Hitachi Data Systems, welcome. Thank you, Jeff. Great to see you. Pleasure to be here. Well, doing a little research for this interview, you've been around for a while, you've done a number of interviews and the thing that struck me was maybe the last big trend that you were so excited about, server virtualization and what a phenomenal difference that made in the marketplace as well as your business. Are we going through another one of those now? Yes, well we're going through this digital transformation and I guess IDC is the one that started that term and it's based upon the social, mobile, analytics and cloud, or SMAC as they call it. And that has brought some new technologies and be able to create some new innovations in terms of how businesses can transform themselves. Right. Hitachi Data Systems, you guys are way down in the bowels of these big systems. You guys are powering a lot of the storage and you came from the mainframe business. So how is it affecting your business? How are you seeing real concrete changes and what your customers are asking you for and how do you see their business changing? Yes, well we started as mainframes and then we transitioned to storage when the mainframe business sort of declined but we were more than storage. We have, now we have an x86 server platform, a blade server that enables us to provide a converged solution along with our networking partners like Brocade. And these converged solutions are kind of the basis for private clouds because it eliminates all the need for infrastructure connectivity and things like that. So you can roll in one of these things, plug in the power, plug in the network and actually pick an application from a table, a menu of tables, templates and be off and running. So it makes it very easy to move into this new phase of digital transformation. Yeah, cause it's funny because on the infrastructure side, you know it's kind of production line 101 as soon as you take care of one piece in the production line then you move to your next point of failure and move to your next point of failure between compute and storage and networking. Everyone seems to see that kind of networking was kind of the slowest leg of the three and kind of coming up to the modern architecture but now with this type of announcement they're really bringing their game up quite a bit. Right, yeah. Gen six is really going to open up a lot of bandwidth and IOPS for us and move a lot of the... Actually, it's the peaks that we worry about, right? We have to over configure for the peaks but they've got this 32 gigabits per second. Yeah, the old mom bill problem, right? Everybody calls mom on Mother's Day and AT&T used to have to build the whole network out from Mother's Day but Mother's Day only comes once a year. Yeah, the other huge trend that you've talked about extensively which is another driver behind this is really software defined and how software defined is spreading throughout many parts of the infrastructure and adding a whole new layer of flexibility, expandability, elasticity to what customers can do with their infrastructure. Right, yeah, software defined is key to this transformation that we're talking about and to us, software defined, you know, many times people consider software defined as a way of commoditizing the hardware and to us it's much different than that. It's really the communications between hardware and the application layer. Good example is VEVOL from VMware where we can publish our unique capabilities up through the VASA interface, API and vSphere can see our capabilities and they find a virtual volume around their capabilities and on our part, we can see into VMware and know that we're talking or configuring for a virtual machine not just presenting up LUNs and blocks but we can actually recognize that this virtual machine has higher priority than others and we can allocate to the right resources. So it's a communication process and a synergy between applications and hardware infrastructure. And then what this has enabled which you've talked about numerous times too is the ability for an individual to manage a whole lot more in terms of infrastructure storage, et cetera. So now as the kind of amount of stuff that I'm responsible for goes up, the management and the management tools and the ability to manage this bigger, more complex things becomes much more significant. Oh yeah, much simpler. The old view of infrastructure or the data center, it was sort of like a triangle with the base of it being the infrastructure costs and the operations and all that. The top of it was the smaller part was what we focused on the applications and analytics. What we have to do now is turn that triangle upside down. So we focus less on the infrastructure. Software Define helps us do that. Cloud helps us to do that and automate that so that we can spend most of our effort on the application, the end user and analytics. Right, and we hear that time and time again especially with the DevOps ethos and what Amazon has done with Swipe Your Card infrastructure that it's really the application that drives everything. And there's an expectation in the developer world that now with containers that the application or the infrastructure should just respond to what I need from the application as opposed to limiting my application development based on what I think or I got away from the spin-up of the server or whatever, that's completely flip-flopped as you said. Yeah, I mean, you make a good point. I mean, it's very disruptive. I mean, not just on the infrastructure side but it's also in the development side as you talked about. So DevOps and Agile and Scrum and those things are very important. So instead of the waterfall approach we took to development, that's too slow. We've got to go be faster. And using these, technology is the one thing but how we use that technology and innovation we put into that is what really makes a difference.  We hear about it all the time. It's IoT, Internet of Things. Now as sensors get cheap and actually a benefit of these is now all the sensors that are in them are less expensive and much more pervasive. So now we can put them on dogs. You can put them on shipping boxes from Amazon. You can put them on all kinds of things. So from your point of view as you start to see IoT build and the momentum build and it's a lot of hype probably right now but it's coming, right? And big companies like GE are behind it and a lot of players are behind it. What does that make you think? How excited are you about IoT? Are there some specific challenges you're looking forward to taking down or do you see it as just kind of the next big step function of kind of demand for the big three of compute networking and storage? Yeah, it's another integration process between the information technology we have grew up with the data centers and the operational technology that comes from those sensors. How do we bring those things together? We have to be able to bridge that. One of the ways we can do that is with several things we have to bridge. We have to bridge the infrastructure and then that's software defined. We have to bridge the data and so we have to move more toward object stores with more enriched metadata and we've got to bridge the information. So the data that comes from IoT is different from your structured data center but you need to bring together that Oracle or SAP data together with this sensor data that comes in and integrate that together. So we acquired a company last year called Pentaho that does that, it allows me to integrate all these things and the way we have all these connectors to all these disparate types of databases is that it's open source. So open source contributes a lot of this, we just harden it and provide a subscription maintenance for that. So open source is another key driver for Enabler for this transformation. Yeah, because you even talked about the transformation that Hitachi going from proprietary ASICs, proprietary software to more open source and Intel chips and again, kind of leveraging best of breed at scale and bringing that type of capability into your core. Right, the other thing is the Intel road map, I mean that is amazing how they went to all these cores and everything and so that has enabled us to do away with a lot of the ASICs we used to have to make. We do have some ASICs and FPGAs for special purpose but primarily it's standard Intel memory and cores and what that enables us to do is to have a software hypervisor for storage. In other words, all our mid-range, do you remember how we used to have separate mid-range and enterprise storage. Now that's all running all with one hypervisor, storage hypervisor. It's interesting, I think it was at HP, maybe we were talked about this IoT, the concept of kind of IT versus OT and congratulations on the Pentaho acquisition and we're at Pentaho World's a great event, great show, a lot of traction, but the OT, the operational technology that runs shop floors that people at GE are working, that's been cranking along all the time and yeah, the IT is kind of two separate worlds and this IoT really is bringing those two worlds together and the connectivity together of the devices and the sensors in the shop floor versus the IT systems. And what's fortunate for us as Hitachi Data Systems is our parent company has been in the IoT, well, the operational world, they build nuclear reactors, they've changed locomotives and all the infrastructure types of things and so we're able to bring that expertise together with our expertise in the information systems and create this IoT solutions. It's a great spot. Right, we're in a great spot. So a little more specific about the announcement today. You're partnering with Brocade on this Gen 6. What does it mean to you for Hitachi Data Systems? What does it mean for your customers? Oh, well, it enables us, we're going to all flash. I mean, I think we've already passed the tipping point for all flash. With our 6.4 terabyte flash drives, we're actually cheaper than lower cost, total cost of ownership than hard drives. And so the cost is not a factor anymore and then all the surveys, Gartner just did a survey, he said that the users of flash reported savings, not only in power cooling maintenance and performance, normal things, but also things like licensing costs because they don't have to license as many cores or instances of databases because of performance of flash. So what this Gen 6 does is it just opens up the highway or the lanes as Jack was talking about for us to be able to drive more workload through there and possibly even reduce the footprint even further by making better utilization of what we have and not have as many cores and instances of applications. And as you were talking about a little bit online, it's beyond just flash or the all flash array but really now looking down the road at potentially the all flash data center and the impacts that that is going to have as these data centers keep getting bigger and bigger, the demands, the loads are going up and up, power continues to be an issue but this is a complete game changer in terms of an all flash data center. You know, all flash arrays were the hot thing, right? The investors or just VCs are going crazy about those things, investing a lot of money into them. But you know, those all flash arrays are really appliances. If you want an all flash data center, you still have to worry about all the enterprise things around availability, you know, replication, a disaster recovery, security features, shredding, encryption and all that. Those things come with an enterprise array. So if you're talking about all flash data center, it's more than just an all flash array. You've got to expand that requirements to include all the enterprise requirements we traditionally had. Right. And that's why Gen Brocade is so, the Gen 6 is so important to this. Right, right. Because not only does it give us a performance but it also has some additional availability features like they have forward error correction for in-stream types of error corrections. It has FCSP, they do CHAP, you know, like a challenge handshake authentication protocol that we have with Ethernet, they do that with fiber channel. And so we had those additional capabilities in the fiber channel switches now, Gen 6. Really, really just in sync with software to find everything, right? So it's not just beads, now you have management, you have software capabilities, you have all kinds of things that you can now add in. And as you said, what's the point of hooking up a really fast drive to an old legacy connection system that really wasn't built for the performance that you get out of that. And the IO insight, which is key to seeing that whole network and seeing what's there. So before I let you go, running out of time, just kind of get your perspective as to where we are today in kind of the IT industry with these massive shifts in terms of, you know, cloud and big data now being an asset and non-liability and flash, even the all flash data center and mobile and around the corner, IoT is you kind of sit back, you know, on a Friday night, maybe with a glass of wine and think, wow, this is just crazy. For all the innovation you've lived through and seen, how do you rank where we are today? And what do you think about when you look out over the dash? Yeah, I don't know, you know, I've been in this business a long time, but every year it just seems to be getting, you know, more and more, the world is just expanding. You know, we see it, you know, so much data being created that we know we can't store all that data. So part of the things that we'll have to struggle with is how what do we save and what we don't save and what can we recreate just from metadata. So metadata in an object store has become more important. But you know, today we're in this transition, we have to have sort of take a bimodal approach. We still have our core systems that we need to take care of and nurture and grow and scale, but we also need to then move into the new, the new innovations, the things that are, that are not as atomic in consistency as we have in our data center, but eventual consistency, things like that. So we have both worlds, but we need to be able to bridge the information, the data, and the infrastructure between the two.  There's no shortage of opportunity going forward. No. All right. All right, Hugh, thanks for taking a few minutes out of your day, I appreciate it. Thank you. All right, Hugh Yashida, I'm Jeff Frick. You're watching Cube Conversations, Silicon Angles TV, The Cube Production. Thanks for watching.


This study found that the prevalence of colistin resistance in E. coli and K. Pneumoniae in Ecuador is high, despite a low prevalence of phenotypic resistance. The authors recommend that Ecuador's ban on the use of colistin in animal husbandry be strictly enforced, and that continuous monitoring of the situation be conducted. This article was authored by Carlos Bastitas-Caldes, Salome Guerrero-Ferri, Nimor-Ortunogutieres, and others.


Welcome to the seventh video lecture on land reforms in developing countries. This is the second video lecture of the third module namely agriculture, land reforms and rural livelihoods in the 21st century. So the question is that whether land reform advances or retard economic growth, agricultural development and economic growth in developing countries today. Remember last time we discussed that land reform is a system whereby land is transferred from those who have too much of land to those who own no land at all. So what are some of the debates that we are going to discuss, whether land reform should be state led or market led, what are the characteristics of state led and market led land reforms, what makes a land reform successful, what are some of the preconditions around which land reforms may become successful. So basically a basic level of state capacity, you know you need a proper bureaucratic force, you need oftentimes you need coercion to make sure that rich landlords part with the part of their land and transfer it to the poor. You also need complementary technical assistance like fine poor people who earlier didn't own land now become land owners. But what do they do with that land, how do they use that land to undertake economic activity. So technical assistance in the form of credit, access to markets, fertilizers and infrastructure is extremely critical to making any land reform work. Finally incentives to investment, there should be proper incentives to make sure that people who have got new land are going to invest in that land. For instance there should be there should be higher transparency and there should be low information asymmetry and there should be lower transaction cost. Now all of these have been discussed in the previous presentation PowerPoint 7, so in case any of these terms aren't clear I'd urge you to go back to PowerPoint 7 and understand them once again. So what is the basic relationship between agricultural development and land reform. Now this is something which is increasingly common and increasingly influential this inverse farm size of land productivity theory which says that as the size of a farm gets reduced the land productivity of that parcel of land improves. So what it says is that the yield of land with respect to labor increases as the land size gets reduced. So smaller land parcels are more productive than the larger farms and the reasons for that are obviously like a large farm may require a lot of supervision, a small farm may be easy to manage plus workers working on a small farm may be owners of that farm and therefore they put everything they have to produce as much as possible because whatever they produce they get to keep it. The opponents of land reform Mushta Khan in particular argue that labor intensive nature of agriculture changes to capital intensive agriculture with farm in consolidation which is good and finally most land reforms have happened to a neglect of political economy arrangements that block agricultural growth. So like I said it is a contested terrain we don't have much consensus on this on the issue of land reform neither is there a lot of political will especially in the present time however there was a time from the 1950s to the 1970s 80s when most post-colonial societies tried to implement some version of land reform in their countries. Land reform and economic growth we can think of land reforms, growth enhancing effects of land reform for instance you know it makes sure there is greater political and economic peace in the countryside it makes sure that there increase in productivity in agriculture through greater investment in agriculture and then that surplus can be transferred to industry. On the other hand we can think of growth mitigating effects of land reform whereby small farmers small farms leads to subsistence level production and credit is not available for poor farmers most policies are designed keeping large farms in mind and therefore there is a landlord bias. So since policies are made for big landlords land reform is going to lead to reduction in production because everyone is going to produce only enough to sustain themselves. Now the evidence obviously on this is very controversial and I would really urge you to watch the rest of this to go through the rest of this presentation as we present evidence from some key studies to better highlight these growth enhancing and growth mitigating forms effects of land reforms. So with that I will end this video lecture but if you have any questions make sure you let me know.


In this episode of Mind Pump, the world's number one fitness, health and entertainment podcast number one, we talk about unconventional training and its value and benefits for the average person. So whether you want to burn body fat or build muscle, unconventional exercises and unconventional methods of training can provide tremendous, tremendous value for you. Now this episode is brought to you by one of our sponsors, Paleo Valley. Now Paleo Valley has a lot of amazing organic supplements and food products. Our favorites are the meat sticks. They're grass-fed, they taste good, no joke of the best tasting meat sticks we've ever had. High protein, of course, no carbohydrates. A great, easy, healthy snack. Now because you listen to Mind Pump, you get 15% off the meat sticks and any other product that they have. Here's what you do, go to PaleoValley.com, that's P-A-L-E-O Valley.com, forward slash mind pump, use the code Mind Pump 15 and get 15% off your first order. Also, all month long, Maps Strong is 50% off.  It's very, very effective. It's strong, man inspired. You could do this with a home gym. You don't need lots of fancy equipment. It is pretty intense, so make sure you've got a decent level of fitness before starting it. Here's how you get the 50% off discount. Go to mapsstrong.com, that's M-A-P-S-S-T-R-O-N-G.com and use the code Strong50. That's S-T-R-O-N-G-5-0, no space for the discount. When's the last time you guys followed Strong? Did you guys ever follow that? It's been a minute, but I'm gonna be honest, probably one of my favorite programs I have. I pull from that program, probably more than I pull from any other program. The exercises. It's just so different. I love it. That's the thing. It's like, even as an experienced trainer, I always learn new things and the thing that I learned from that was how effective and impactful, unconventional type training can be for the body, especially if you're somebody who's done it conventionally for so long. It makes a huge difference just to mix it up a little bit. To me, that's the message. The message is to the majority, really. If you were somebody who trained like a strongman, this is less valuable of an episode, but I think if you're like any of us who trained in a gym for most all of your career, these exercises weren't favorable. Very few people were doing them. I never saw half of the movements that are in strong. I'd say you never saw anybody do in the gym. It wasn't until, and I'll be honest, very insecure to try one. Here I am a 25, 26-year-old personal trainer and I'm a trainer, so people are watching the way I work out. I'm supposed to have quite a bit of experience. At that point, I have almost 10 years of experience of lifting under my belt.  I really avoided a lot of those movements for a long time. I'd say when Justin and I started hanging out together before Mind Pump and I started training over at his gym, get a lot of really, really top-notch trainers in that gym. In fact, I remember working, that was the first time I'd ever been to a gym where I actually saw eight different trainers training clients on the floor and all eight of them were doing exercises that I may have never taught somebody before. Yeah, you had all kinds of different specialists in different directions, whether it was kettlebells, whether it was sports specific, you know, like Strongman competing, powerlifting, but yeah, it was very interesting and everybody was at the top of their game, so yeah, I definitely loved that environment and took a lot from it. Speaking to the Strongman type of lifts and what really I've noticed from Strongman training is how they can not just lift heavy weights, but how they can move quickly with heavy weights and how they can move around fully loaded like that is something totally different. Unconventional training gets its name unconventional, mainly because it's not what is considered mainstream ways of working out, really, because the reality is if you go back in time, unconventional training was conventional. That's the way people work out hundreds of years. Yeah, you go back to when people were first started working out was like, oh, it's hard. Let's do something else. Yeah, I mean, you know, a good example. Okay, I'll give you a good example, right? A farmer walk is a good example. Farmer walks. You almost never see anybody do them in the gym, probably because it's not like a body part specific exercise. And so I never really did them myself. Once I implemented them in my routine on a regular basis, I couldn't believe the results I was getting from that exercise. It's now become conventional for me, right? Now it's something that I include all the time. So there's a lot of value in doing things different from how you always do them. Now, the first big reason for this is the novelty. It's different. And the body responds really, really well to different. Now, it's not so well you always change things all the time. So you like you're like you're shaking dice to figure out your workout. But when you do something for long enough, and you're good at something or used to something, then you just switch it just a little bit. It gets your body to respond kind of like it did when you first started working out fast games.  Last time I did arms, I did skull crushers. And this time I did tricep push. Oh, I see what you're saying. You know what I'm saying? That's that's novel. And that's different. I rotated my wrist. Right. So and this is important, though, to have the to explain this, because I fell in that camp, you know, I fell in the camp of like, you know, I was I was doing novel things and, you know, confusing my body every time I trained and doing different exercises. But unconventional training or strongman type lifts. When you talk about snatch grip deadlifts, zercher squats, circus presses, you start talking about movements like that. There's there's so novel that the signal that it sends to your body is so much louder than you varying, you know, arm exercises. It's a brand new stimulus. Right. I remember the first time I experienced that was as I was either 15 or 16 years old, I've already been lifting weights for about a year or two. And, you know, like any teenage boy, one of my goals was to build my arms right in the biceps, of course, that's the show muscle. If anybody ever asks you to flex your muscle, that's the one that you flex even though you have hundreds of them all over your body. I had somebody flex their quad for me one time. Let me show you really good. What does that weird make fun of that? Yeah.  So I was always doing arm exercises, trying to get my biceps to grow, whatever. Oh, yeah, I was 15 because I had bought myself a BMX type bike. And you know, back in those days, it was real popular that you get these BMX bikes, and you you jump curbs and you make ramps and do all this kind of stuff. And when you're first learning how to bunny hop or jump, you just yank on the handlebars, like you're just ripping them up trying to get the bike to move because you don't know the skill, the technique of bunny hopping or whatever. So I was doing this all day long. And it took me like a week to figure out how to bunny hop. But during that whole week, I'm yanking on the bar, trying to get my tires to come up off the ground. And I kept track of my bicep measurements as I'm doing this, you know, except, except working out the same time. My biceps grew. Now my workouts didn't change. It was because and I had pieced it together. It's because I was yanking on those handlebars. It was unconventional. It was novel. And my body responded as a result of it. So this is what happens to the body when you change things up, especially if you're stuck in a rut or doing the same thing. unconventional training provides that novelty that the body just sends a loud adaptation signal. If it's unfamiliar with it, and there's lots of different techniques to kind of provide new stimulus that your body will respond to. And one of them is that sort of a fast twitch movement that, you know, your body really has to kind of figure this out quickly. It has to be able to apply force like right at that moment. And you know, your muscle changes as a result of that. It's a different type of muscle fiber that you're activating with this.  Totally. I find any exercise that is like this novel or this skill base, too, you just get more bang for your buck for that also.  But there's a lot of technique. There's a lot of room to go. Right. There's a lot of room to improve. And that's where a lot of these results come from. First time you ever do a zircher squad or a snatch grip deadlift. The very first time, you probably don't pull nowhere near what or do as much weight as you possibly can because it is such a skill based movement. Yeah. Those are two barriers right there. You're talking about it. There are some high skill type movements that you do have to learn and you have to learn with lighter weight. And so there's two big things. The ego kind of has to be checked.  Right. And then there's another part too, which is when something's new, it's a new movement. There's a lot of central nervous system adaptation going on as well. And when you get a lot of central nervous system adaptation going on, it also tends to come paired with muscle. It tends to come paired with muscle growth and strength. Those neurological adaptations are just as important, if not more important than the muscular adaptations. And so that novel stimulus, the fact that you're doing a an unconventional exercise, something that was really different from what you're used to, you're getting a very loud central nervous system signal that saying, Hey, we need to start routing neurons and start making connections. We need to start developing the central nervous system muscle, which then talks to the physical muscle. And so you just get better results. Now, the next one is this one's an obvious one, I think, which is that unconventional exercises or the ones that I think are considered unconventional today, they just make you more strong in a functional way, you know, like in a real world way. Well, weren't a lot of these like, I mean, when you go back to like before we had plates and dumbbells and barbells, like they were like lifting stones and bales of hay and like weren't a lot of these competition. What was that? What was that Netflix series that you turned me on? Yeah, it was the Highland Games and stuff like that. I mean, when you think of like real world functional type strength, these the movements that they were doing, a lot of them they didn't even have done. They were like rocks, boulders or stones. And so to me, like what I love about how functional these are, and when I think functional, I think the most carry over into real life. That's it. Like, you know, as much as we tout how great barbell back squats are, which they are when it comes to CNS, building muscle, burning body fat, still high level of functional. Yeah, still, yeah, still high level. It still is nowhere near as functional as some of these unconventional lifts like we're talking about right now because never once in my life have I taken something loaded on my back and squatted it down like that, where there's a lot of times where you'll grab something, pick it up off the ground with one arm and push it up over your head or lift it up on a shelf or put it above a cupboard or hand a bag of some heavy sand to somebody. There's a lot of times where you might find yourself doing these movement patterns a lot more than we might see the traditional type of exercise. Yeah, a lot of that has to do with stabilizing certain parts of your body and anchoring yourself while, you know, allowing certain movements to occur.  If you have dog food, if you have cement, if you have, you know, weight isn't always just stationary weight. A lot of times it'll move on you. I love that point. I wasn't even thinking about that. And this is so true that like when I think about our strong program and those exercises, they have so many great anti rotational components to them, which not a lot of traditional programming addresses that. So unless you're going out and specifically putting in exercises to strengthen rotational movements or anti rotation, if you're not already aware of that and doing that, these type of lifts force you to get strong in those areas, which are so important to real life strength. Totally. So here's an example of, you know, functional versus less less functional versus more functional, right?  And the other ones like, do you want to just be strong in the gym or do you want to be strong all the time? Not only that, but here's a thing to functional strength tends to be more broad based strength. Anyway, functional strength tends to develop a more balanced physique. Anyway, it tends to give you a better look to your body anyway. Now, I'm talking about just the average person when they work out, not talking about the royited out bodybuilders. That's a that's a whole different story. But the average person that works out when they do these unconventional movements and they become more functional, they look better. They look better partially because the bodies when they develop their body, it looks like it's put together better. But also because they move better.  Now, of course, they do have a lot of strength, but it's not that functional kind of, you know, dare I say, athletic type of strength that you can get with functional movement and unconventional training provides that it provides that more than your conventional style of training, especially isolation movements. Those are not very functional in comparison to the compound type of stuff. But Justin Justin, you mentioned like carrying dog food and stuff, a form of unconventional training would be lifting sandbags. Yep. Sandbags are an excellent form of unconventional training and it's much more like what you would you would encounter in the real world. Anyway, now the third one, and this one is this one is an interesting one. And this one connects to the novelty part. When you do something that's different and new, you actually burn more calories. This is an interesting thing that a lot of people don't realize. If you were to take somebody who was an excellent, excellent cyclist, like they're just a trained cyclist, and you measure how many calories that they burn, writing for an hour.  I love this. I like Sir Heart rate, just skyrocketing. Well, I love the swimming and biker analogy with this, right? You get the highest level swimmer, the highest level cyclist. And that when they do their sport, the both are cardiovascular wise in incredible shape, right? Both of them in great, great shape. But if you make them switch their sports, how unbelievably challenging you put that cyclist in a pool and ask him to swim for an hour and he's going to be dying, you know, trying to swim for an hour and vice versa. Even if they weren't necessarily dying because they're fit, they're still burning more calories because their bodies are not super efficient. See, here's the thing about your body, your body's always trying to become as efficient as possible with whatever you do. So if you do something a lot, your body gets really, really efficient at doing that thing. Unconventional training, when it's novel, it's something you don't do a lot. So you may be, you know, you may deadlift all the time, burn X amount of calories.  Unconventional training is a great short term way of burning more body fat. This is a little off topic, but I think it's a good time to make this point because this is the reason why if you've used our macro calculator, why we recommend that most people go to sedentary, regardless if you have a very active job. If you've been a construction worker for 10 years of your life, even though your body probably is burning more calories than the guy who's sitting at the desk, believe it or not, your body's gotten so adapted to that and it's so efficient at that, that you're not burning as much as you think you're burning or what maybe you were when you first started that job. So if you've been doing like a really, really active job and you've been doing that for years, I would always tell clients when we're using like a tool like a macro calculator is to still put themselves as sedentary, unless they're doing all this outside physical activity. They did this just and I've brought this up on the podcast before they did this remarkable study on one of the few remaining modern hunter gatherer societies that we have in the world today.  And so scientists went to study one of these tribes known as the Hadza people. They're from the Tanz Tanzania, I believe. And what they wanted to test was to see what their calorie burn was like. Now they're modern hunter gatherer. So what's a hunter gatherer do during the day? While they're searching for food, they're walking, they're hunting, they're running, they're, they're pulling things out of the ground. They are active all day long, way more active than the average, you know, modern Western are way more active, right? So the scientists hypothesized that the Hadza people will be burning two or three times as many calories as the average person.  They're burning like six, seven thousand calories a day. There's no way they're running all day long. They're doing all stuff all day long. There's no way they're not burning a ton of calories. Then through some pretty sophisticated technology, they actually tested their calorie burn, their metabolism. And they were shocked to find that the Hadza people burned just a little bit more calories than the average person, then the average Western couch potato, they burn just a little bit more calories. And thank God otherwise they'd be dead. Right. That's the thing. So at first you think to yourself, how is that possible? But then you realize that makes perfect sense. Hunter gatherers do not have access to high calories, dense food like we do.  I can have Mexican food, Chinese food. I can go to a pub. I could do whatever in five minutes I can eat pretty much whatever I want. I have access to so much calorie dense food. Hunter gatherers did not. They didn't have this access. So the human body evolved to learn how to be efficient. And so this this tribe, through all their activity and movement that they are used to, they're adapted to their their bodies are efficient. Now, if I went and lived with the tribe, I would burn 6,000 calories a day. But if I did it for 1015 years, my body eventually you'd adapt it would become like theirs. So it's just a great study to illustrate how efficient you get with your calorie burn when you exercise and how unconventional training can spark the heck out of that. So you're 60, you know, minute workout all of a sudden is burning as many calories as a 90 minute workout.  It's different. It's a different stimulus. But the difference is so close that the benefits that you get from a calorie expenditure is very, very small. Your body doesn't recognize that as really novel. Sure. It's a little novel because it's a different movement, different plane angle, right? Different angle. So okay, my body recognizes a little novel. Sure, it's a little more challenging shirt kicks up a little bit more calorie expenditure. But it's not like the difference between a skull crusher and a circus press, right? You know, that is that is so novel, so different. And then and then with movements that are like in strong, the all of them are most of them are these full body movement that the whole body needs to speak to each other. Everything from your the way your feet are gripping the ground to the ends of your fingertips to where you're holding on that weight and your core being able to stabilize through the entire movement. So much is having to communicate and it's so different and novel to whatever else that you've been used to doing that you see a huge difference in calories. Another thing I really love about strongman training is that when when they when they do heavy carries, where they round their back. And reason being is because we're always taught to never round our back in any kind of heavy lifting situation, which, you know, is great in terms of technique like being solid and being, you know, supported for your spine. But come real life.  So and there's a way to strengthen that. And that's something that, you know, you really need to consider. Oh, heavy carries, you know, pick up a heavy sandbag, hug that thing and then walk for distance, your shoulder blades are spread forward because your upper back is rounded and you're strengthening those muscles in a completely different position. You want to talk about developing your back.  Watch what happens, which brings me to the next point. Unconventional training strengthens all your weak links. You don't even know you have them. Yeah. Right now, you're listening right now. You're like, What are you talking about? I work out all the time. I train my whole body. I don't have any weak links. You sure about that?  And I realized that my shoulders had some weak links. They weren't the rotational stability and strength wasn't what I thought they were even though I did rotator cuff training and I did overhead presses and laterals and all these other exercises. Doing unconventional training with the clubs made me realize that I had some weak links in my shoulders. A lot of people's weak links might be their hands. Do some heavy farmer walks and you'll figure that out real quick that that's the thing that's weakest. All these small supported muscles oftentimes are just they're not as strong as they could be because you've gotten really good at the exercises you do all the time. Yeah. And it's difficult at first. It seems like why is this so hard? But it does expose those weak links in the kinetic chain.   All of a sudden now I can lift even more weight because I've put the work in on these other, you know, parts of my lifts like with my joints. Now they're supported and I'm able to then, you know, drive more force output there. Well, when I think of weak links, when we talk about unconventional training, what I think the majority suffer from in regards to weak links is the full body communication. Most exercises that we do in the gym, aside from the good compound lifts that we all talk about, which most are done in the sagittal plane. You're not moving in multiple planes and you're not having to do a lot of anti-rotational stuff. For the most part, we do a lot of isolation type exercises, you know, we're focusing just on that body part. And when you do these unconventional lifts, most all of them require this full body communication. And that's where the breakdown is. Sure. Maybe a circus. Maybe I have great shoulders. Maybe I could sit in a military press and military press 225, but ask me to rip the dumbbell on one side up from the floor, stabilize and then press over my head, just completely different. And the breakdown, like I can't do nowhere near. If I could military press 225, but then also then I go to a circus press and 75 pound single dumbbell is really, really hard to do. So that's where I think most people listening, I would say, and speaking to the, you know, avid gym goer, where there weak link is, is the ability for the entire body to communicate really well and strong together. Let's focus in on that lift specifically, right, the circus press. So I'm taking it from the ground and bringing it up over my head. Okay, to do that, let's let's think about your average, like person that's lifting what they would be doing bent over row, then transitioning up into an upright position and stabilizing my spine with my core and now pressing it overhead. Now I have to put all that together and make it a fluid movement in one go and be stabilized and not, you know, throw my back out of wax. So there's a lot going on there. Here's something else you need to know about weak links. Your body has safeguards that prevent it from being too strong or building too much muscle. And the safeguards are typically the weak links. Okay, so it's like a car with a rev limiter, or let's say you have a car with 600 horsepower, but the car can sense that using all 600 horsepower is going to break the axle. So it only exerts 300 horsepower. Your body does this as well. You may have the capacity to lift, let's say 300 pounds. But your body, it picks up that there's a weak link in the chain. And that's, you know, that 300 pound lift might hurt me. So I'm only going to let you lift 200 pounds. You don't even realize this is happening. I remember the first time this happened to me. You know, when I was a kid, the lift that everybody compared was the bench press. That was the lift, right? Yeah, as a standard. Yeah, how much can you bench? And I remember getting stuck and I don't remember what the weight was. I got stuck at some weight and I, it wasn't budging and I couldn't figure it out. And then I read this article on this device that strengthened the rotator cuff. I think it was called the shoulder horn. It was this weird looking thing that you put your arms in. And I started reading articles about the rotator cuff. And then someone did a good job of communicating that your lack of strength in your rotator cuff may be what's preventing you from lifting more weight. And I thought, that's kind of weird, my shoulders don't hurt. But let me give this a shot anyway and see what happens. I gained 10 pounds on my bench press almost instantly. Yeah, because I out of my body sensed that that weak link now was a little stronger and now it could allow me to exert more force and more strength. So you have these, trust me, you have these weak links, especially if you do the same exercises all the time, you just don't know it.  You know, I've had people do squats and I changed their position to have them go a little lower and they feel in their calves because that was the weak link in their positioning, for example. So unconventional lifts puts pressure on those weak links in different ways, forces them to get stronger, which then increases your capacity for strength and for performance and for muscle for the rest of your body. And all of this makes it fun. Yeah, I mean, it really does challenging. It's probably why I say that I pull from this program more than any other program. I really enjoy training these movements. Now something that I was intimidated to do for most my career because I've never done this before. I'm not sure I don't want to look like a fool when I do it to now like really, really enjoying facts. There is to mention earlier, or on another episode, I talked about how, you know, sometimes I'll just go to the gym and just squat, you know, and that's all I'll do.  Sometimes I just love going to the gym and practicing them and getting really good. And then I leave feeling like I got a great workout because everything gets stimulated. So I think it's a it's a lot, a lot of fun to train this way, especially if you've never trained this way. Totally. It's it's different. It's fun. And here's the fun part for me. So I'll tell you that this is kind of silly, but this is what I like about unconventional lifting.  I know what I've done in the past, you know, at this point, you know, adding five pounds to a lift is like a big deal because I've been doing it for so long. So I'm kind of hitting that limit or whatever. But when I do unconventional lifts because they're different, because they're new and I have to learn them, my strength gains on them are crazy. You know, like I'll do a snatch grip deadlift. And, you know, the first few times I'm doing it, I'm kind of getting used to it and figuring out the positioning. Now I know what to fire. And I'm adding like 10, 15 pounds each time, because my CNS is responding, because it's a new thing that I'm doing. Now, if you if can you tell me that your body's not going to have crazy results if you're not adding that kind of weight every time you work out. And of course, it doesn't happen all the time. It's not indefinite.  It's that's it's almost got addicted to it. And this is this is very similar to how I got into mobility training as well. It was just understanding that what I wasn't doing, like I was so I was so weak in those areas and I couldn't understand why like I just wasn't doing these types of movements. And then once I started to incorporate, you know, more mobility, my joints start to feel like my end ranges were strong gain range of motion, but also gain stability and strength. Then immediately that applied to my regular lifts, I just felt even more capable of my form was better. My body didn't shift as much as it used to. I could hold the weight for longer. You know, unconventional training is like is much like that. I'm I'm really exposing all these different planes of motion simultaneously. And I'm loading in ranges. And so my body just has to account for that and has to get stronger to account for the load being in a different position. And so your body just naturally will have to rise to the occasion. Now, we're talking about all the things that are really fun about training this way. I do want to address where we're talking about fun, all the things that are unfun. And one of the unfun parts about this is understanding how to program design it. When I think back to all the programs that we created, I would say strong was probably one of the more challenging ones for us to piece together and figure out, aside from the fact that none of us were strong men and didn't train that way for years and years and years. And that's why we enlisted someone like Robert Oberis to come in and support us when we wrote it. What we understand was it was programming really well. And, you know, when you're trying to put together a program that is incorporating all these unconventional lifts, you do want to think about how you insert them into a workout.   Is that a back day? Yeah, is that back or is that late? And I think this is why a lot of people avoid. That's why I want to address this, because I think there's a lot of people that are like, OK, that sounds good. Because most people when they understand what most people understand about workout programming is chest exercises, back exercises, shoulder exercises.  Where do you put that in your routine? You're kind of doing everything. So you're right. It's more like loaded movement. So if you just think of it as I'm training movement and my whole body has to work together versus training specific body parts, like that's a little bit more close. Yeah, I would say exactly what Justin just said, rather than focusing on body parts, focus on movement. So here I'm lifting. Here I'm squatting. Here I'm doing some pushing and some pulling type stuff. And of course, if you want all that guesswork taken out, as Adam said, we created map strong, which is full of unconventional exercises, and it's an unconventional workout. And it's become one of the favorites. It was it's funny. It was a dark horse.  My females. Yeah, it's like it's like our number one for females, which I really surprised me blew my mind because it's postured your chain, a lot of butt stuff. Katrina loved it. I mean, everybody I've talked to and that was not ready for that. I mean, honestly, when we wrote it, I was thinking of like the dudes that like really love strong man training, but it's become one of our most popular programs. Same for Jessica. Yeah, it's her absolute favorite program. And then second place is Maps Anabolic. So so you can get that program. It's it's 50% off all month long. You go to maps strong dot com. That's M. A. P. S. S. T. R. O. N. G. And then use the code strong 50 for the discount. That's S. T. R. O. N. G. five zero without a space. Also, we record the podcast on video as well as audio. So if you like listening to us, imagine how much you like looking at us. Yeah, yeah, go to YouTube. Mine pump podcast. Also, you can find us on Instagram. You can find Justin at mine pump Justin. You can find me at mine pump Sal and Adam at mine pump Adam. I'm gonna tell you guys something right now. I'm just getting this to just, you know, I'm an event a little bit. Today's the last day I try to work out with you guys. Sorry, we have to break up with you guys.  I tell you what, I knew if I waited for you guys, it wouldn't happen. Dude, you still have so mad. You still have these childhood insecurities around you're working out. I do.