The nationals take a three-to-none lead over the Cardinals and the Yankees are squaring off against Garrett Cole for game three What's going on everybody welcome back to talking baseball? We thank you for joining us for another daily episode to recap What happened yesterday and preview what's going to happen today? My name is John boy. I'm coming to you from New Jersey I got my co-host Jake with his computer glasses on Mike in hand company from Denver and this episode is brought to you by our two most recent patreon supporters hood politics and powerhouse powerhouse So thank you to those two people who use their real names for sure when they signed up But support none the less it's two dollars a month that really helps us out if you go to Patreon.com slash John boy media. There's some other perks as well Jake. How you doing on this fine Tuesday morning? Good, I'd want to thank our European listeners for signing up for patreon. Thank you powerhouse Hood politics I'm good, man. I'm good. The NL has NL'd That that feels done and then Well, you and I both know today is today is gonna be a doozy we've got 4 p.m. Shadows in the stadium and we've got Garrett Cole on the mound and What will be you know game three has always been labeled the most important game of the series It's not if you win all the other games But this will either give if the Yankees win today They are going to be clamoring to not let this series even go back to Houston If Houston wins today, they're they're gonna be confident they win the series.  Yeah He's good. Do you have a do you have a burn of? This Cardinals Nats game. Oh, yeah, how could you burn it so boring man? Oh Come on. Was this the most boring game of the postseason so far?   I mean this one was I mean scoreless for the first couple with Flaherty and Strasburg But yeah, I had a it became a It became a flip to Sunday night football for a little bit game Monday night football. I Was watching the rerun of Sunday nights game, you know, I get in the tape I forgot your your big gotta get in the tape gotta get in the tape. That's how you know All right, we can burn this one I'm still feeling a little sick so out of it as you burn this I might chug some coffee and hope it does something to me Yeah, I watched this game and I could really like I Can't seem to find like a lot of talking points.  They young singles and Soto stumbles But the asterisk man is about to shake it away Seven innings pitch zero earn runs 12 K's from Stephen a Strasburg on his first take with the cards Jim. It's eight one final three. Oh, seriously just filled with Natitude Natitude all right couple quick comments From your burn take the asterisk away from Strasburg. I think this was a seventh game now in the postseason He's officially earned the sample size isn't a joke anymore and I'm happy for him. Someone's at my door. This isn't good Someone go check it out. I can I can be asked about.  Is it the seventh start? Yeah our seventh game 41 innings pitched 57 strikeouts. Oh my god a one-one ERA. Yeah, it uh, he came into this postseason with with four We were laughing about him a little bit now now. It's bonafide. He he has proven himself and Yeah, the Strasburg story. It really is interesting you and I circled around this a little bit During the year, but you know, he had such high expectations as a young pitcher That he's been really good, but I don't know in 2015 and 2016 when we were kind of expecting him to take off He just kind of had these a years, you know, three four six ERA three six ERA But his body of works pretty incredible.   It's an interesting thing, I think maybe we just I think Bryce Harper stole his hype and then The Nats kind of used him Once the Nats sat him for their last postseason run when he was a young pitcher That was kind of like I think baseball was like, what are they doing this? I'm over this Yeah, they kind of I mean and the Nats kind of went down for a little bit Like everyone thought they were gonna be a dynasty instantly. They weren't And then and I think the other factor is Scherzer. I mean Scherzer's, you know, the Cy Young winner Scherzer's He's got two different colored eyes. He he was the dude leading the way and Hey, that's um, you know, but it's not huge when he's pitching maybe it is maybe that's how he freaks hitters out Yeah, well sure Strasburg's got a beard that makes him look like He's in the second half of a Civil War movie where he's aged 10 years now and they had to put a fake Yeah on his face Strasburg's beard ears combo isn't doing much for him. No, he looks like an extra in the movie Lincoln And I can say that as someone that my beard and ears combo ain't doing much for me either At least you plug them up with those headphones your Shrek on but That's my house of yours yours How about Howie dude three doubles?  He's hitting like over 400 with a crazy OPS So I mean good on Howie Kendrick, but it's also a fantastic case study on how How how a couple things can change how you're looked at because he if they lost game five to the Dodgers We would have been saying like up Howie Kendrick is a dunce. They should have played a cerebral cabrera Yeah, that's that's like and and if they move on Soto gets a chance to redeem himself in the next series For this bad series like if there are many seasons, which is just so much more fun and Be the zero to hero I saw a lot of Cardinals fans that are kind of upset with Ozuna for missing that that sliding grab with Rendon's hit to left field Yeah, but I mean he missed it. It went right in his glove. Yeah, it was in his glove And I you have to slide, but I don't think it's a I don't think it's a crazy hard play I do think like Ozuna should have caught that but also You can't pinpoint that and like try and be mad at Ozuna as if that's the reason this game was lost You were losing this game no matter what? Yeah, I mean you've had two runs in three games Jim I think I think and unless Unless I miss something I'm pretty sure That a lefty hitter Does not have a hit for the Cardinals in this series. I think they're like 0 for 30 or something Damn Yeah So that's Fowler Wong Edmund and Carpenter And maybe Weeders gets thrown in there, but uh Yeah, I might have missed something and I could have slaughtered that stat, but I'm pretty sure it's it's at during like the fourth inning I think it was 0 for 26 and I didn't see it lefty hitter get a hit That's so bad As a group they should have a little meeting as a group And John I don't know if you want to get credit for this, but I think you said you know coming into this game We were looking for anything for the Cardinals. We were actually excited for Ozuna. He had good numbers for Strasburg We told Goldie or I think you specifically mentioned Goldie. He goes golden sombrero Yeah, no, he's having a bad series, right? I didn't that's I think his numbers on the series are terrible now Yeah, I mean that that's the numbers that are gonna leak out it the nor we've kept going back to the word historic and Yeah, there's this Cardinals team unless they pull something out of their butt real quick are going to be historically bad Dexter Fowler is hit list Colton Wong is hit list Goldschmidt's hitting 083 Tommy Edmund is hit list I Mean just outmatched and outclassed Yeah, Goldie is Goldie has a 0.83 he's got one hit in 12 plate appearances no walks and six strikeouts Bad Yeah, man, I mean if if It's historical either way now. I mean they better get no hit tonight Or they have to win four in a row and then that's historical. Yeah a lot of pressure on Patrick Corbin, dude Like are you kids to these guys? You're you're bum? Are you personally mad at the Cardinals? No, no, I am I am I Mean I was rooting for Flaherty And they got to him like pretty much straight up you could I was rooting for Flaherty as well I like Flaherty is a really cool story Zuna You know the Ozuna miscatch whatever But yeah, I mean they they got to Flaherty the eight hole hitters are going to haunt them Robles gets them today It was Jan Gomes and then it was Michael A. Taylor the game before that You have to be kicking yourself over those In front of the pitcher. Maybe they don't have the eighth hitter on the scouting report That's something they do And then the eighth hitters coming up don't worry about him and then you got the pitcher so just one through seven worry about it and Jim the biggest thing you have to be mad about Mike Maddox the pitching coach Hits two holes in ones before the game Really like you lost the game for your team. Yeah, there is a celebrity There's some celebrity golf outing the day before hit two aces. He stole the luck. Yeah, you lost the series Man, Schmoldt see Maddox. What are they doing? I know um Yeah, and Jim, I don't know and it was kind of I I gave the hesitant speech about after game two where I said Nat or Cardinals fans were gonna hate me. I said it before game one I mean if you go through like those corny checkboxes the match-ups before you see each series that they'll do on like The pregame show and it'll be like hitting check mark pitching check mark I mean if you really run through those the Nats had every check mark Um You know, you say Cardinals fans are gonna hate you. I'm mad at the Cardinals. This is boring I made a commitment to watch every game this postseason and last night I stayed home and I was watching the game and it was just like I said either don't get a hit and be historically bad or Win the game and make it exciting and they did neither and it's just wasting everyone's time and game four Are we even gonna preview this? I mean to a degree It's I think my biggest preview is like yo that there there is an odd amount of pressure on Patrick Corbin. I Don't think so man Like dude if Corbin gets knocked around a like the other pitchers are just gonna make fun of them on the Nationals team and Then be like there's the whole like what if he sparked them? Not that I think he's gonna but like Corbin, dude If you if you look bad against these guys, you're gonna be the joke of the pitching staff Yeah, it's true all all three did I thought the pressure was gonna be a ball one hit them What's that? Annabelle one hit them Well, how many hits to Scherzer give up in the end? Strasburg 12ks. I think Scherzer was only one hit I think the other hits hits technically because there was that misplay ball came off relievers Strasburg actually gave up a few hits Okay, so what is Corbin, but he didn't give up an earned run What does Corbin have to do to like be part of the club?  Yeah, that's tough Tough bad break. What do you think the Cardinals plan is? I mean, I would I would genuinely do this if I was Ozuna or Goldschmidt Goldschmidt doesn't really have the personality for it not a shot at him But what I'm about to say is a little over-the-top.  I did not see that coming Give me a better plan. You're gonna take more swings. You're gonna watch more tape.   Well, that's scary because I mean he's not doing it peacefully No, and that's the point You should feel shook Like it's not it's not watch Yachty kill a chicken and then you're like, okay Oh Yachty yours back at it like no, you should be like visibly shaking Okay, well that let's take a quick break before we go into the previews imagine if there is like a Tyson chicken ad All right, we have two games going on tonight like we kind of mentioned there's game four in the Nats Cardinals series Wait, I don't even know what to talk about where we do need a chicken sacrifice or a peabat rally And there's the Yankees Astros game which is Garrett Cole versus Luis Severino in the Bronx zoo and This game matters a whole ton. So we'll probably spend a little more talking about this. Let's let's finish up game four for the Nats Cards Jake Obviously, we're break. We're breaking chronological order first time in pot history Yeah, we're we're not this is we're stepping away to us cardinals. We're stepping away from our cron pod ways Because I'm just I just don't even really have anything to say about this game for Do you like honestly who were the Cardinals pitching? Dakota Hudson Okay, I Mean it's Dakota Hudson verse Our guy Corbin like we mentioned And yeah, no like I you know, we're Quote-unquote jokes with the chicken stuff and Corbin not being able to give up an earned run I Don't know man. I I mean if you're the Cardinals, this is what you're actually saying you're saying we haven't seen Corbin yet He's a lefty. Let's let's get some hits going You know, maybe they can win in kind of crushing fashion You know, maybe they can have a two-hit performance and score one run and win one nothing Game or something like that because you are telling yourself technically Anibal Sanchez would be on deck after Corbin and then you get you could go home Like I it's it's digging deep when you don't have an earned run off a starting pitcher yet But if you somehow win this technically You've got an a ball next game Yeah, who almost no hit him Yeah Should they start for Nando Rodney? I would Right change the vibe of the game right away Rodney's awesome No earned runs in the series Fernando Rodney is gonna be pitching in the 2019 World Series. He has no earned runs this postseason It's a stud.   What's this kid got and he comes out and he's throwing 55 and you're like boys.  That's what Rodney's got going right now. Okay. I like that also is very intimidating on the mount Yeah, doesn't care doesn't care. Uh, I don't know what to say I mean, if you're the Cardinals try to get some hits and play perfect defense If you're in nationals kind of just relax because you're gonna win Corbin's got pressure on them the batters can be so loose up there Which is a good thing if well, I'd say that for the Cardinals too at this point like it can't get worse Like you're already historically bad If you have another bad game you stay historically bad if you have a good game you could change the story a little bit Yeah Start a fight. They need Yachty getting mad at someone. I told them lean into two pitches didn't happen All right game three Yankees Astros is Going to be a big one. It's gonna it's a tall task For the Yankees Garrett Cole's been the best pitcher this postseason He's one of the best pitchers all season. I mean maybe Strasburg has him maybe doesn't I don't know the stats This is Garrett Cole's first away game in the postseason This year, I think he's had three away postseason starts before he's one and two Talking about a different pitcher though from back in the day Severino had one start This against the twins he got himself into a lot of trouble, but never broke It's gonna be close game what do you got we I don't know how much we want to dive into or not dive into here, but Yeah, I mean first I'm gonna say you and I bit our tongues a little bit When they announced that this game was gonna be a four eastern game in hindsight MLB you screwed up You screwed up now You've got a 3-0 game against a team that hasn't scored an earned run against a starting pitcher being the night cap When you have two of the best pitchers on the two best teams in baseball Going at it in game three. This should be the night game. Anyways, thanks for listening MLB Severino I think is interesting Jimmy. You mentioned his playoff start You know, he got out of a bases loaded no out jams Four hits two walks four strikeouts and four innings. That's all they really asked of him And he's still got a pitch limit. I mean like it's you know The Yankees plan to let him rip and get to the pin when they need to is still gonna be there I'm a little worried because I think his last two starts. He struggled with control a little bit The last series against Texas, which those games didn't matter at all, but he had four walks and then The twins start his control didn't look locked in so if he doesn't tighten that up a little bit Yeah, I mean you could see the Yankees go to the pen early because diet Houston has a lot of good a lot of good hitters that'll that'll be ready They'll take pitches they pass the baton. Yeah, you saw them go to the pen super early With Paxton who hadn't given up a lot of runs The third inning and Boone said it'll be just as aggressive again. So because it worked out I mean if the Yankees had three runs, they would have penned it the rest of the way The the stadium should be jumping despite the four o'clock start, but the bats will not be I mean buck show Walter has a great quote like four o'clock start No one can see I mean if you buck show Walter score was if you if you're up your picture and you And you can't get through the first three innings of a four o'clock start unscathed and you're a bad pitcher Yeah, you have to be pretty bad to not get through. Yeah, that's what he said Because the shadows if anyone doesn't know because the shadows are in between the pitcher and the batter and It makes it harder to pick up the seams and it should be a lot of early curve balls Yeah, and I know you you tweeted that out And it really is there's like three different good quotes in that quote He bucks talking about his how pitchers used to fight for the 4 p.m. Starts because basically you could put it in cruise control The first few innings Yeah, and I mean that's what you'd expect even if this game wasn't you'd expect Severino and Cole to be Zero's early. I mean it's gonna be definition of playoff baseball if there's a leadoff double somehow And the teams will do anything and everything possible to try to get that run home because it would be huge the I and maybe this sounds corny. Maybe we're sounding like Yankees homers I think the storyline is gonna be how crazy is the stadium and can they get to Cole?  Does he leave a fastball over the plate or does he lock down and throw even filthier stuff than he normally has? I mean that's I think that I would bet on call. I mean I'm hoping not to because I'm a Yankee fan, but like I bet on call Yeah, and I dove into the numbers a little bit. I'm looking for anything on Cole The only thing that I did find And you will find this with a lot of pitchers, so I'm not breaking news But batters this year on the first pitch first Garrett Cole have a 356 batting average in a 1.05 1 OPS And you know we've seen the first pitch a lot of hitters attacking the first pitch already in the playoffs And when batters get ahead of Cole, they have an 870 8 OPS this year, so and Contrary to that when Cole is ahead in the count batters hit 149 with a 259 slugging in a 412 OPS I have a question pitch sure based on those numbers if Cole is ahead in the count you're shocked If Cole is behind in the count you have a good chance of putting up some good numbers What the hell is the strategy because if you're Cole that means you got to throw first pitch strike If you're the Yankees does that mean you try to attack a first pitch fastball like or or is it better to try and Take the first pitch and hope it's a ball like that makes that first pitch very fucking tricky Yeah, the the first pitch is kind of what to watch for and it's like what what zone does the umpire have going and it's I mean it comes back to the whole Yankees mantra control the zone and all that and again the numbers the numbers off of the first Pitch are really good, too So I think I think the Yankees are just saying like hey, you know Cole's gonna be out there for a while either way You know don't there's no automatic first pitch takes like you see it in the regular season a lot You'll see guys just put the bat on their shoulder after the pitcher throws the ball or do things like that That's not acceptable today.  Yeah, I Don't know. I don't know what their strategy is gonna be They've been trying to attack early. They tried to attack cranky early They were very aggressive in the count and tried to attack verland early very aggressive in the count swinging at the first or second Pitch first time through trying to get those early fast balls I think they're gonna try and do the same thing with Cole. We'll see if they can He likes to work high in the count just like or high in the zone just like verlander, which is tough My wish is some of the righties can just you know kind of make contact and fly that out to the short portion right there We'll see. Yeah, we'll see. I will say for lineup wise I think the Yankees will be starting Aaron Hicks in Santner moving Gardner to the left and then the DH question is is it Stanton or is Edwin? Who knows? And for them, I believe I think Kyle Tucker is gonna get the start That's kind of the only position that's been roving around Mariznick got the start versus the lefty Paxton, but as soon as Paxton was out of the game Mariznick came out of the game and Kyle Tucker got at bats the rest of the way So I think I think reddit kind of lost his job Yeah, they pulled back pretty quickly on Mariznick, too. I think he only had one at bat as soon as the pitcher changed Yeah. Yeah, at the end they were just like and no, I think I think if they do that again, they'd rather just have Tucker out there for the one at bat and then have Mariznick available as a defensive replacement later if you need them like that That that that early defense is kind of a weird play Yeah, and I don't know it'll be interesting It I feel like first I don't think I think Mariznick was in there for splits not defense lefty pitcher He's a righty No, his numbers his numbers are bad first lefties like the dude doesn't hit anyone But still it just seems as soon as a righty pitcher came in they switched Right, but I'm saying like even if you're gonna do that and you know Paxton might only get through the lineup once Like you just burned a guy for two innings of defense. I Don't know that it's just just my humblest of opinions And yeah, I think for Yankees fans, they're gonna know in the first inning like Alright is savvy gonna basically give us five or are we gonna be fighting through three? Yes Yeah, because if savvy like like we said versus the twins he came out unscathed but It was a fucking battle to get through four innings and He's never really had a breezy playoff start like we saw Tanaka have like we see Verlander Cole Strasburg have Seve's had some good results in a couple games in the postseason, but he's never been Look, Seve's said he's throwing nice and easy today, you know Yeah, so Hopefully the zoo can play a part Yankee fans are nuts Also, and I'll take it a step further Jim now that I am looking at his playoffs stats because I don't know the strikeouts are there You know the hits are a little higher than normal Including, you know that one albatross the walks are are what's pretty wild and I just mentioned his past couple in 27 27 playoff innings he has 16 walks Which just isn't Louis Severino, so that's again goes back to control and early on Oh, we'll see what if he's doting them or if if he's walking guys You could see the bullpen as early as you saw it with Paxton The other thing I'm gonna say as we said this from the start of this series from a Yankees fan perspective Adam Adovino is the key He's pitched in both games Springer got to him. They're gonna see Britain for the third time tonight if Britain comes in When does the familiarity? Effect come in for these relievers and Smoltz has kind of been on that like hey If you bring relievers into every game hitters get to see the relievers every game so We'll see how that goes. I mean Chad Green threw a lot of innings, so There they's got a good look at him. They've gotten a good look at Tommy Kainley all that stuff We'll see how it goes and then on for the bullpen for the other side the Yankees They had somewhat of a good strategy versus Verlander. They made Verlander work really hard and Then the Astros bullpen came in and it kind of seemed like the Yankees forgot a strategy They forgot to bring a strategy to the plate against the bullpen.  I'm throwing Joe Smith again Yeah, and that that's the other thing. I mean Joe Smith also executed and looked dirty. Yeah He looked really good as a little bit shot at the Yankees, but also the Astros bullpen who hey Jim I did my whole football speech how the Yankees starting pitching was looking at Houston starting pitching saying like hey We're pretty good, too Houston's bullpen compared to a lot of a lot of baseball teams is pretty good Compared to the Yankees they're on a different level So I bet that Houston bullpen's kind of been itching down there all week saying hey let you know weak We did pretty good too guys Itching down there all week.   All right. This is an early game. So we got to get going We had to do the Yankees pregame show. It's a four o'clock start which sucks So I think that ends this episode. We hope you guys enjoyed Some baseball talk we thank you for tuning in each and every day listening if you're enjoying it leave a rating review Subscribe believe a comment on YouTube. I read those because it's like one of the only places you can get feedback There's no comment section for podcast, you know, they're kind of interesting Yeah, but that's not like instant like this episode this episode, you know, so We'll see you tomorrow two games to recap Cardinals don't let me down lose easily


I'm going to share my screen. Laura's going to start recording now. I'm going to share my screen and we will start looking at Digimap for Schools. Right, I'm assuming that everybody can see Digimap for Schools now because you see a world map. I'm keeping it on the chat so if somebody can't see that and can see something that they didn't expect, I'm expecting somebody will let me know. Alright, Laura's not waving frantically at me so I'm assuming it's all okay. So I'm going to start by saying that Digimap for Schools offers a whole range of maps at lots and lots of different scales. We have maps from Audent Survey primarily and they cover Great Britain. We also have maps from the rest of the world from Harper Collins which is the sort of standard Atlas style maps and you probably recognise a lot of those. We also have maps from an organisation called Natural Earth which covers a global range rather than just the UK. We've also got aerial photography that comes from a company called Get Mapping and we have historical maps that come from the National Library of Scotland. So some of these are only available for Great Britain and some of them are available globally. So if you find someone trying to blank map or you come across a blank map try zooming in and out massively and you might find that something reappears. We're going to start by doing a search. So the easy way to search for a place is to type it into the search box in the top right hand corner here. So let's search for London because it's an obvious one. In this search box we have lots of different things. It's based on a pre-built database of place names and so on. So you'll find that the results are split into places in the UK and places in the world but we also have global landmarks and sometimes you will see roads in there too if you're searching within the UK. So let's just click on the Tower of London because it's an obvious one. What it will do is give you a or the... I've got things in the way up here. Can we turn the microphone off please? Thank you. There's a zoom in and out bar here so we can zoom in and out. If you're looking at the UK you'll see that as you zoom in and out the maps will change. So I wouldn't say they produce a range of different maps appropriate for different scales. So lots of these you you'll recognise of course and as you zoom in the map will change bit by bit and as the scale changes. If you're using an iPad or a touchscreen then either double tapping or using the pinch zoom will also work to change the scale of the maps. As we go further in you'll see that we get to the explorer maps. This is equivalent to the orange paper. Sorry the paper maps have orange covers that OS called the explorer ones. As you zoom out again here you'll get the landranger ones which are the pink ones. We know there's pink maps and orange maps. And as we go further in eventually you'll get to the very very detailed data which is the OS master map data. This is Audent Survey's master topographic database. So this is the most detailed stuff you'll get for anywhere in the UK. And as you can see we can go right into the Tower of London and you can see all the edges of the grass and the pavements and all the steps and so on. It's very very detailed. You'll find that that's quite fascinating when looking at places that you know and sometimes working out whether it's right or not. The different maps available are as I say UK wide like this and as you get further out on the global scale I'll just keep zooming out here. You can see that they changed again. A little handy hint here is this button just underneath the zoom bar will zoom to your maximum extent. So we're often asked how to produce a map of the whole world. This is really hard to do given the data that we've got on the scale that the data originates that. So we'll show you in a bit how to find pre-built maps that are global maps. They come in our learning resources section. So search function is up in the top right hand corner here. Let's try zooming into the UK first and we'll try a different search. Let's clear this search here so you can clear the search by clicking the cross and then just wiping the text out like that. Let's try Edinburgh just for another place and you can see how we've got places in the UK but we've also got places in the world. This is always interesting to see how many Edinburgh's there are in the world. Lots of them. Why is it searching for London? That's not meant to happen. Trials and tribulations of a live demonstration. Let's try Edinburgh again. There we go. So I can click on all these places here and as you can see it's got Edinburgh College but it's Edinburgh first. There are lots of different options. So if you are looking for a particular place sometimes it's sensible to zoom into roughly the right area and then do a search to see what you've come up with. The results as I said are split into places and world places and the map will zoom to the location here. Your pin here is temporary so as you remove the search term like this pin disappears. So let's do a bit of navigation. The easy thing to do is to click and hold and drag the map around very straightforward. If you're using a touchscreen again with a finger you can just drag the map around. Double tap to zoom in or use your scroll wheel to zoom out and then out and then out until you find roughly the map that you're looking for. As I said the maps will change according to the scale so that you always get a map that's appropriate for the scale you're looking at. Let's come to the left hand panel here. Key factors here are there's a drawing tools section with a map key. We have a saved maps function which is like a map test. We have a set of bookmarks. We have a series of overlays and we have a series of measurement tools. You can add your own data to it. You can also search a range of photographs. These come from the Geograph database. There's also a map information panel at the very bottom which is really useful for working out which the OS map product is. The date that the product was created. The scale and the projection and lots of other information there. The other thing I want to introduce you to is this map selector here. There's a slider here that goes between left and right. These are the full range of maps we have available. The radio button on this side where the transparency slider is right over to the right will show you the map that you're looking at at the moment. There's the aerial maps. Aerial X maps have roads and text labels written over the top of the air of photography. We have 1950s maps and we have the 1890s maps too. Not all the maps are available at all scales. As you zoom out on the historical ones eventually you'll find that they disappear into the contemporary maps because we can't display the historical maps at very zoomed out scales. As we zoom in you'll find that the historical map to come back again. So if you choose and choose the aerial photography it takes a little bit of time to load because the aerial photography is very large and as we fade between the aerial photography and the modern maps you can start to see how things change. So in places where there have been lots of new houses built this can be really interesting to see how towns and cities have developed over time. Let's look at somewhere like, let me just have a look at Dalkeith. I happen to know that that one has expanded quite a lot in recent years. So if we look at the 1890s map of Dalkeith here, zoom in a little bit you can see where the town sits. If we now fade between that and the contemporary wooden serving map you can see how much of the new building is going on up in this eastern side. So it's quite interesting to have a look and see how places have changed over time. You can switch between the two like that. Lots of fields, lots of houses, lots of fields, lots of houses. Very useful to check out as well the 1950s one which is a slightly smaller scale. You just see that one there. These have a more limited scale range because they're harder to see at very small scales, very large scales rather when they get less detailed. Let me show you the drawing tools next. So this is useful to add your own information to the map. So for example we might want to try and add some markers to a space in the park. The drawing tools is the top button on the left hand side here and we have markers here so you can add a marker to say where particular things are. You could maybe mark where children's houses are and see how far they walk to school. Let's pick some arbitrary points here. There's a school here. Let's mark some houses here and you might be able to get children to mark their own houses on here and then work out who's closest to school. There are lots of different markers. We could have crosses, we could have diamonds and squares and stars. The tree is an absolute favorite. We've got lots of trees in a space like that and we've added some spiders. If you want to draw shapes, the shape marker is here. You can either draw a freeform polygon like this so you click once for each vertex and then double click to finish. You can also change the settings on this so you can change the selected polygon I've got for clicking the select button and then I can change the colors and the fill settings to create a different color. My polygons also have a freehand one. This one's quite clever. You can just draw with your finger a random shape but you can also draw regular shape triangles and squares, rectangles, pentagons and so on. I'm going to delete all those now by using the delete function here.  If you click the delete all drawings it will delete everything that you've added to your map regardless of whether you can see it or not. It doesn't have to be just the things that you see on the map in front of you. If you've drawn things elsewhere and then moved your map around it will delete everything that's on the map even if you can't see it. If you want to delete particular things there is a delete on click button down here. I'll draw another couple of lines. We can see there's a delete on click here which means I could delete just one of them rather than all of them. I can draw lines fairly standard stuff. Click at each vertex and then double click to finish. That doesn't measure the line but once I've drawn my line I use this measure tool and click on the line that I've drawn and it will add a measure. I'm going to distract for a minute and go onto the measurement tool because there's often some confusion between this. The drawing tools leave annotations on your map permanently or as long as you leave it there. The measurement tools are effectively a temporary tool just to measure whatever it is that you're looking at on the map. They will not come out if you print them and they won't stay beyond the use of those tools there. So if I wanted to measure the distance from this roundabout to this roundabout you can click the distance measurement here. Click once and then I can measure along the road just by clicking and then double click to finish it. As you can see I get a little tool tip here. It gives me the distance that my line has traveled. In the same way I can use the area measurement. Let's say I wanted to measure the area of this industrial estate. Click on the area measurement and then I just use the mouse to click around the edge of the area that I want to measure. And then I can just do a double click to finish and it will tell me the area in meter squared. In the left hand panel it will give you both a meter squared measurement and an acres and the same of the distance. So I did a distance measurement. It will give me both the distance in meters and in yards. If I delete all the measurements now that just gets rid of all those things. If you want to print marks like that and print distances measured on the map the best option is to use the line and the measurement tool there because those will definitely come out on your print mark. You can also add text boxes. So if I wanted to add a label to this to say here is a mine tree. I can just type into that box. I can then move that around if I click it right. So change it. You can see that the tree will highlight in yellow. That's because I've got the tree mark here. I can also add a free text label. So let's put it on next to it saying car park and click okay and you'll find that the text comes up there. Can you see that the select button here is highlighted? If I click on my text now I can both change the text color and the text font and the text size and it will change that and then I click anywhere to unhighlight it again. I can also add my own images to the map so I click on the image button choose my file from there. Let's see if I've got a random picture on my desktop. Let's try that one and upload it and you can see the picture would appear. I can then move that around to fit with whatever else I want to see on my map. The last couple of tools to show you here is the grid reference tool.  I happen to have the tree so I want to change that to the pin drop. I can go back to my grid reference tool and I can pick any grid reference any point it will give me a grid reference like this. The grid reference the size the grid reference you get is dependent on the scale of the map you look at. So if I zoom right out like this it's going to go even further I'm afraid I'm really sorry it's taking a while to load. If I select my grid reference marker again and I pick the grid reference for say Glasgow you can see the grid reference is very short that's because at this scale there's no point in me trying to find a six figure grid reference because at this scale I can't identify that accurately. Once you've set the grid reference there it doesn't change it will continue to stay as it is set at the scale at which you set it. However this does allow you to see how more accurate you can be with a larger scale map which is very useful. You can see how accurately they managed to pinpoint their house when they're looking at a scale map of a map of the UK rather than just just a local town. You'll also notice in the map information panel here that there is an option to capture the coordinates of your cursor here. As I move the cursor around you can see that the location and the grid reference cursor changes so that's there. Let me just clean my map up again I'm going to delete all those drawings again. Let's go back over here. The other thing to show you is the buffer tool. This one's quite useful so I'm going to zoom out for this one it's maybe a bit easier. If I want to measure how many railway stations there are within a certain distance of a particular point I can click on this buffer tool here I'm going to do a point buffer so it's going to draw a circle around my point. Let's say I want to radius of 10 miles so I set the settings up like this from my point in the middle of Dalkey so then it will draw my circle. Now my circle is huge so I'm going to just zoom out a little bit and from that I will be able to count how many railway stations I find within that circle. You can also do a line buffer instead so if you have a line let's do let's do something a bit more simpler. So if I'm going to choose a line buffer let's say I want to know how much land lies within say one mile of the A1 between this point to this point I draw my line double click to finish and it will give me a buffer that shows me the zone that said within one mile of the line that I've drawn. Quite useful for various functions. Are we okay for questions Laura? Yes I've got here some questions. I'm just going to maximize the chat here. So one of the questions so Mikael asked how up-to-date are the maps? For instance we are a school that's only six years old so will that be on the OS map? It should be yes so the Ordnance Survey have a policy that updates particular features first so large new housing estates tend to come high up priority new motorways really big stuff that impacts lots of people that usually is quite high on the priority list and that should come through to the data very very quickly. If somebody adds a conservatory to their house it may not filter through into the master database for quite a long time so it's all about relative stuff. If you're a school that's six years old I would think you're almost certainly in there. If you are not you can report it directly to OS and they will add it and if anybody wants the links to do that we'll dig them out and send them on. We do get quite a lot of calls from people saying my new garage is not on the map well the impact of having a new garage is probably limited to very few people and in terms of OS's priorities in updating the map of the whole country somebody's new garage isn't top priority compared to a new extension to the M6 say so these things are relative. Thank you Emma. We've got another question from Sophia. With the historical maps is it possible to put two maps from different periods side to side in order to compare them easily? Not really because we only have two. It's up to a point let's go back to the historical maps and I'll show you let me just delete all these drawings because I find them quite distracting. Let's have a look at the historical maps that we do have. The best thing you can do with historical maps is to choose one on one side of this map select to drop down and one on the other so the two sets of historical maps we have of the 1950s and the 1890s so let's put one on each side and then you can slide between them so you can't put them side by side to compare them but you can slide between them to see what the changes are as as you go. Adding a two-up function is something that we have considered it's on on our radar for sure. We haven't yet managed to implement it but it's definitely something we are considering. If that's something you'd really like to see then wave your hand at us and we'll up the priority bit we can. Thank you so much. One more thing on the dates of the maps. If you want to know the date of any particular map this map information panel on the bottom of the left hand side will give you the map date here so this one says 1950s but as I zoom right in let's go back to the audience so I want this contemporary one and I need to put my slider in the right place. This will tell you that this map is November 2019. As you zoom out to slightly different map you'll see that this one is more up to date to October 2020 and the one before that is June 2021 so OS update their maps on on kind of regular schedules but each map product is done on a different time scale so some are updated more frequently than others and some of them are a considerable amount of effort for us to process and put in place so the very detailed stuff is November 2019 because for us to take the most up to date version from OS and to process it and produce it like this for you guys to easily interact with is a mammoth effort so we don't we don't do that particularly often. There is a new update to this on the way though so I think when it comes out the latest version will be November 2021. Okay if you save a map you you take it as a at a snapshot in time so we'll look at the save maps here. Shall I cover the save maps next Laura is that is that good? Yeah okay so if you've got a map that you've added some annotations to and you want to save it the simple thing to do is to hit the save map section here on the left hand side there is your map that you want to save and you can just hit save map and then you can add a map title to it. You can add your class name and you can add a pupil name. We try to discourage children from adding pupil names for GDPR reasons because it is personal data and so on but we understand that we can't control what people add to the to the information here but to add something that makes it identifiable as that person's map is really useful so maybe they have student numbers on the end of their student number or a nickname or something like that it's entirely up to so once I hit the save button you'll see that my map appears in here so there's some maps that my colleagues have made here in the past so we'll just have a quick look at some of these and I can replace the drawings on those to get a new map but my original map that I just saved will always be there and I click on it again and it comes back to it was okay you can organize a saved map so if you are a teacher there's a pin code unlock the the map folder structure here so that you can edit it but it's not sensible to allow say very small children to rearrange the maps in the different folders so there's a pin on it so it's locked so you could maybe set up a folder for your class and then you keep control of that we can give anybody the pin number for their accounts if they want it we need to just give us a call if you're going to really have it that's the safe maps let me move on to the overlays I've realized I'm going a bit slow we've got quite a bit to cover and the overlays here are a relatively new function for us so we've got a series of overlays that will just sit on top of the map that you've got here zoom in a bit you can see oh there they go sorry my connection's been very slow which is why they're taking time to draw so this grid will change according to the scale of the map that you're looking at in and out so the more you zoom in the larger the smaller the squares become some of the maps already have those grid lines on them of course like the land ranger ones and the explorer ones we've still added the grid over the top as well as you get into very detailed data very detailed maps you can see that the grid is overlaid on top and from this you can start to look at teaching grid references as well we've also got some coloring in we call these coloring in because actually what we do is wipe out the symbolizing for all the maps and allow children to create their own maps from from the shapes that appear appear there we've also ordered postcodes overlay this one is interesting because it depends what scale you look at it and how big postcode areas are these will appear as purple lines as you can see there and as you zoom out we can change the transparency on them a little bit too so if they're too bold you can cut them down again and if we look in and let's try a slightly more built-up area there you can see that the postcode area appears and the more you zoom in the smaller the postcode unit becomes so postcode units cover about 15 different address points and here you can see who would fall into each individual postcode those overlays are specific to Great Britain they don't apply overseas obviously not everywhere overseas has postcodes but we've also got world climate overlays so these are a series of it gets confusing we zoom out a bit to a global level we can see that we've got some average temperatures between particular dates which enables you to see how these might change so we've got average temperature in 1970 to 2000 but then the next one is 2010 to 2018 so we've just taken away the data that's available appreciating that there are some gaps in the in the timeline there this is simply what's what's been available to us and readily easy to process but including sorry over the temperature we've also got precipitation and projected precipitation and protected temperatures it's also very interesting in terms of world human geography we have a population density map this is one of my absolute favorites to add this this one let me to take the temperature off population density my map is not refreshing very quickly there we go population density is fascinating so this gives you the population per square kilometer number of people per square kilometer and from it you get a fantastic overview of where the world's population really sits there are some gaps so here in in Africa there's a section where we just don't have any data the data doesn't doesn't exist there's another small patch in South America I think here I think is Suriname and there's no data for that either but as an overlay to see where the the greatest numbers of people reside and then to start to think about why they might reside there so what what is it that causes such a dense population here in northern India with lots and lots of interesting discussions we had about why people settle where they do and what other facts are involved in their decisions how much is historical and so we've also got the world time zones so there's interesting stuff to be done here about how how the world moves around and how countries line up with other countries in terms of their time zones in terms of world physical geography we've got the world biomes this is an interesting one because I want to show you an extra feature here so world biomes are set up here by the world wildlife fund so there's more information about the biomes here in this more info link I would encourage you to have a look at that because it gives you quite a lot more detail about biomes themselves the key thing here is this little button at the top it says click on the map for more information so if I select this button and then I click on any one of these biome regions it will highlight the area that I've clicked on and it will give me information about each biome so in here there are so the point I've clicked on is obviously on the boundary between two of them so it's giving me both and you can switch between the two to to work out how different they are and if I change space I get another biome this is obviously three of them here and though sometimes they might all be the same but sometimes they'll be different resume in a little bit get some different ones here then you can see the sorts of area it covers and again lots of capacity for thinking about what what the biomes tell us about the place what the place tells us about the biomes and so on let me turn that button off and that will reactivate the the overlays on the left we've also got mountain ranges here and we have volcanoes amazing to see how widespread volcanic activity is um so you could perhaps look at one particular patch of volcanoes and you could use your annotation tools to label them for example maybe you could set up a quiz saying this is volcano one what's its name um how high it is something like that go back to the overlays turn the volcanoes off and mountain ranges off we also have the tectonic plates and in case you didn't want them coloured in we have the tectonic plate boundaries as well on their own so you can see more of the underlying map it's quite useful and lastly on the overlays list we have a set of reference grids so there's a latitude and longitude grid there and also once you zoom into the UK get British national grid as well put that one on and that's we've seen that one before so the overlays are lots and lots of interesting stuff to explore um do have a look at the learning resources because they involve lots of the um lots of the overlays as well um I have talked about the measurement tools already just to recap distance is done by just clicking a line double click to get the end result because you have the end result and tooltip and also in the left hand panel area it's done the same way draw your shape double click to close it and it will give you the area of the shape you've drawn there and in both metric and imperial measurements on the left hand side um if you want to add your own data there are instructions I don't think I've got time to go through this in detail here and now there are instructors in our help pages to help create um a point file to upload to to um to your map so if you had a series of postcode say and you wanted to plot them all on a map you could do it that way to create your simple um a text file with your postcodes in it and it will appear as a series of markers on the map um I do want to show you this image search so because I think this is quite useful just remove all area measurements and let's move all my drawings as well just save confusion so if I want to pick a particular area let's pick um somewhere in the lake district just for an example and if I wanted to search this particular area for images of mountains I type mountains in here and it will give me a series of images here on the map you will see little camera icons if you click on a camera icon it will give you a copy of the map of the photograph it's taken click on the photograph in the thumbnail and you can see the full image there so these images come from um something called geograph which you may or may not know about um the tagging in them is sometimes um maybe not what one might expect um we don't have much control over that but it's it often comes up with some very useful things um if you wanted to search for any photographs in a particular area the simplest way is to put in a star in the search box and then that will show you all the photographs that are available in that particular area on your map and then as you zoom in you'll see that the green circles will become little camera icons to show you um where their photographs are actually taken so lots to explore there too um I think that's everything I want to cover just now have we got any more questions Laura? Yes Emma um there is a question um can you show us how to use six figure grid reference please? Okay so there are two ways to find a six-figure grid reference the first is to look in the map information panel here so on the left hand side the six-figure grid references here will follow your cursor so if you want to capture the grid reference to a particular point by this capture coordinate capture box right button here and then click on the map where you want to identify your location that will fix this stuff here so that it doesn't move with your cursor and you can then copy it like this and paste it into something else that's one option the other option is under the drawing tools here where you can use the grid reference button click on this one here and then click on the map let's find something to make this little house here that will give me a grid reference the grid reference is set according to the scale of the map so the more zoomed in your map the more detailed the grid reference so as you zoom out the grid reference will stay the same but you can draw another one when you activate the button like this and that will give you a different grid reference zoom out again and do the same again grid reference button check grid reference and you see the grid references again is is less accurate according to the scale of the map you're looking at does that answer the question or have I confused you on that note we've got a question from Anna can you search the grid reference search for grid reference yes let's try and search for n by 3816 there you go yes you can search your grid reference in in the search box at the top and it will come up without there now that will come up with the bottom left hand corner of the grid square that is referenced by that that grid reference good is that okay yeah thank you we've got another question is it possible to have a four figure grid reference and then have the grid overlay to help students turn it into a more accurate six figure grid yep here we are let's well let's use that one that we've got there so once you've you've located your your basic grid reference if you then go to let's say let's put a markup from the grid reference marker here like that if we then go to the overlays and we add the reference grids here British National grid so once you zoom in on your point you'll find that the grid reference sorry the grid overlay changes according to the scale of the map so in that sense you can help students to understand that there is the the larger square and as they zoom in they get the smaller squares and zoom in again and it only goes up as that that far I think it goes in that far but yes there is your grid and you can help them to understand how it gets broken down to create grid references of different levels of course you can of course get them to draw their own on top and then compare it with with what they get with Indigenous schools as well if that's useful oh thank you and we've got another question from Sophia um is there a maximum number of children who can look sorry who can be looked at at any one time in theory no um we haven't set 4,000 in one room try to lock them in all at once but it should take a whole class same thing oh thank you okay if there's anything anybody wants me to recap then I'm happy to go over some things again if that's useful if if not um I will just show you the help functions and the learning resources if that's useful um so in the bottom sorry top right hand corner here is a little downward arrow and this will give you a link to the help pages my open help pages now there are lots and lots of how-to guides these are split up into very small sections so how to identify the different areas of the interface how to view map keys they're split up into very small things how to add text how to add markers with lots of step by step instructions um we do have lots of youtube videos too so there are webinars like this also repeated on our youtube channel um definitely worth exploring the help because we hope we split it up into very small sections that's sort of easy to digest and easy to read and understand quite quickly if you're looking for learning resources at the top of our website so before you log in there's a link here to help and resources and the learning resources are listed under here so there are lots and lots of different things there covering a whole range of topics if we say take primary ideas for example these are then um can be filtered according to a category primary ideas locational knowledge and you can select your stage in ages um it's done in ages rather than key stage one key stage two because of course the key stage one because there's two things different in England and Scotland um so trying not to disenfranchise anybody by putting it down as a sort of age bracket rather than um a particular tie it to a particular curriculum um you can select a subject let's take choose physical geography and let's use that one now what have I done I've narrowed it down too much that's all and so we can have a look at some of these why use aerial imagery this is a useful one so every resource comes with a pdf which gives you things to follow within the class of this and background for the teacher and also some some activities for children to do as well lots and lots to explore there and if anybody wants to suggest other resources we're very happy to hear about suggestions too Emma we've got a couple of questions one from Karim and she's asking can you copy maps to paste onto activity sheets yes so probably the best thing to do here is I just I just realized I didn't show the printing so the printing button is up here at the top screen so if we hit the print button what you'll get here is an idea of the content of your map but also the second tab here will give you an idea of the layout so you can change between portraits and landscape and then you can drag your map around underneath there so that it fits within the box the blue box will tell you the area that your map will print the content preview will tell you what the content of the map will look like you can add a title you can add your name if you want you don't have to if you can you can set the print scale to be either exactly what it is on the screen or you can round it to a flesh round figure you can also select the print format so we do these in pdf which are really good for just printing off and copying or if you wanted an image you could have a jpeg image and that will allow you to just copy it and paste it and drop it into PowerPoint into Word or whatever it is that suits you I'm going to generate this now so you can I've done it wrong sorry it's on the pdf so you can see what they look like all the maps come with let's see if this will work with my computer I've just had to have my computer reset with all sorts of things because I changed my password and it didn't like it now I don't know if you can see this no it can't because I'm not showing that screen sorry let's try this again I'm going to print it in pdf the pdf and the jpeg versions will look exactly the same it's just the format that's different so here I'm going to print the pdf version and it should open hang on I'm going to see if I can switch my screen share I'm going to stop sharing for a minute and share a different screen so that you can see um what it looks like just the second this one there can you all see a map yes I'm hoping that's okay right so I'm going to zoom in on this a little bit I've put a little screen here so it's quite hard to to show you everything yeah I'm going to see it once there so as you can see at the bottom it will have your name and the date and your school name as well it includes a north arrow and the scale bar it will give you some information about the projection and it also includes the cardinal scale there as well so I haven't lined this map up very well I didn't I didn't check it before I hit the print button because it's just a file you can print as many of these you like and you can fiddle around with them until you get exactly the way you want um it's it's there's no no limit on how many times you can hit the print button and produce something whether you send it to your printer or not of course it's up to you but if you just want the electronic copy then you can do this and then copy and paste it put into word documents as well let me just switch screens again get the right screen there does that answer the question you think Laura yeah thank you so much I've got a question from Charlotte here do you provide specific training for individual schools um that's not necessarily sustainable for us but if you have a particular need we have a colleague at Audent Survey who travels around doing twilight sessions for schools in an area so if you've got a few schools close to you and you can get enough people in a room yeah let's do that then we can run and Darren can run try twilight sessions like that that's something you're interested in then drop us an email and we can um have a conversation about it thank you Emma okay is there anything anybody wants me to recap before we finish questions as a result of this or questions about digital map schools at any time drop us an email we'll get back to you as soon as we can um sorry Emma is it would it be possible to do a quick recap of the overlays yes of course yeah thank you so the overlays panel is here on the left hand side let me just move my screen around a bit um the overlays are split into groups here so the GB overlays is the one i'm looking at a GB map here so it's the easy one to do is to add them here so you expand the boxes here and check check the box for the overlay that you want and it will appear it will stay in place as you zoom in and out but for some of them at some point the overlay will disappear because it doesn't become appropriate at the scale of the map that you're looking at which you can expand the information about the overlays here so if we go out to a worldview here you'll see that the British National Grid overlay gets switched off automatically because it would be so tiny on this map it would just be the blurry blue lines but at this scale of course we've got um global overlays so things like the world population density you can add this here and you can change the transparency of it so if you use the slider under the um under the overlay name you can make it more or less obvious this is a global overlay so as i zoom in of course it will eventually um not uh not be appropriate for that particular map but once you get a bit closer you can then start to see the details of the underlying map by using the transparency slider a bit a bit better um worth exploring all these there are reference grids at the bottom that are um global for the latitude and longitude and the major lines of latitude so tropics of apricorn and cancer and the equator and we've also got world physical geography which includes the biomes and mountain ranges volcanoes tectonic plates and just the tectonic plate boundaries and tectonic plates are coloured in and the tectonic plate boundaries are just the lines to recap on the world biomes which is very useful um again this has the transparency slider on it so you can fade between the underlying map and the biomes this little information button at the top of the map will allow you to interrogate the different biomes on the map here to learn a bit more about them there is also let's close that switch that button off a link to more information in the left hand panel here that's a quick guide and it's also links to the guide that the WWF produced which is very very detailed um worth it if you really want to know a lot about how they came up with the different categorisations does that cover everything uh yeah we just have a quick question on on that so just a quick comment yes the video will be shared on our youtube channel a few days after the event um we will be emailed the sorry we will email you the link um a few days after the event a quick question does the library of overlays have things like deforestation pollution etc um no the the extent of the overlays is exactly what you see here so there are possibilities for adding more overlays it's just a question of what's most useful and how we add them without making the interface so complicated that they become unusable cool thank you but yes there's lots there's lots to explore um that i suppose my my parting shot would be have a go you can't break it you might get in a muddle but you can't break it you can't do anything wrong so click on everything and try it and and see see how you get on if all else goes horribly wrong shut your browser and start again it's really um that's your kind of reset button if you like if you really get in the muddle but you can't can't break it so keep trying and have a play with it you'll learn much more just by fiddling with things trying things out and working out um what each button does and just a quick question as well where are good resources for adding our own overlays into this system um so adding your own data is is um a process that's best done with a set of instructions so if you go to the help pages there is a set of instructions here on the road help and this will tell you exactly what file formats you can create and how to do it and there are pictures and i think there's also a video on youtube channel that will cover that as well okay yeah we're good yep thank you as i said if you've got any questions anytime email us we will get back to you as soon as we can um very conscious it's difficult for everybody to think of questions right here right now when you sort of put on the spot um difficult for us to anticipate all the questions as well um so really we are here to help you if you get stuck um if anybody has another two or three minutes to hang on um we have a couple of questions we'd like to ask about um the sorts of resources we've provided so if you haven't time now thank you very much for coming um i hope it's been useful for you if you do have another couple of minutes to hang on um i might um open microphones and we could have a wee conversation about um about uh the sorts of things that we provide and what else you'd like to see


Hello, everyone. I am Dr. Aniket Verma, junior resident of department of radio diagnosis, JN Medical College, Aligarh. My topic of presentation is case presentation on particular instability. 18-year-old male presented with a complaint of recurrent dislocation of right knee cap following the trauma two years back. There is difficulty in squatting and sitting cross-leg on inspection. We can see there is an old heel scar mark of 1-2 cm over the right knee. The patella dislocates while flexing of the right knee and reduces back on extension. Following the mild drag, there is a reverse jet drag and the critical angle was found to be 50 degrees. This is a plain radiograph APN lateral view, showing the INSAL-SALVATI index as 1.2 and Modify INSAL-SALVATI index as 1.6. Skyline-Noran view depicting the circle angle as 144 degrees and later there is lateral patella displacement. And we can see there is a small vertically oriented medial patella facets. So it is a type 3 patella. Lateral patella femoral angle was calculated as 13.3 degrees and on axial MR cuts, the trochlea phasored asymmetry came out to be 49%. Patella tochlea index is calculated on the sagittal MR images as came out to be 0.25 and patella high ratio was 1.66 and Modify INSAL-SALVATI index as 1.86. This all suggests that there is a high riding patella, that is patella alta. TTTG came out to be as 12.7 and lateral trochlea inclination and trochlea depth was came out to be as 4.3. Now the brief introduction about the patella instability. Most patients are young and active individuals, high risk for women in the second decade. The prevalence is 6 to 77 per 1 lakh. Nearly half of all the patients with the first time dislocation will sustain the further dislocation after initial conservative management. During the recovery period, the restrictive mobility and two-third of them report limitations in the strainer's activities. Chronic instability and recurrent dislocation may lead to progressive cartilage damage and severe arthritis if not treated adequately. MR imaging is highly sensitive for detecting capsular, ligamentus, cartilaginous and bone injuries associated with patella dislocation. MR has now replaced the diagnostic orthoscopic as the primary diagnostic modality. Most important factors predisposing to the patella instability include trochlea dysplasia, patella alta, excessive litterization of the t-viltiprosity, quantification of these anatomical anomalies will help the orthosurgeon to choose the optimal treatment. The aim of the surgery is two-fold to repair the knee damage caused by the patella dislocation and to correct those anomalies that are known to contribute to the future dislocations. Patella dislocation is characterized by the complete loss of contact between the patella femoral joint surfaces. In almost all the cases, the patella dislocation literally most common mechanism of the first-time patella dislocation is flex position of the knee with internal rotation on a planted foot with a valgus component. In addition, a traumatic component in the form of a mild to severe external force may be involved which results in disruption of the medial ligaments. Now the risk factors for the patella instability and assessment with the MRM is first came as a trochlea dysplasia. It identifies one of the main factor contributing to the chronic patella femoral instability. Trochlea joint surface is flattened proximally and the concavity is less pronounced distally. This combination results in considerable loss of the lateral patella tracking and in the lateral dislocation of the patella at the initiation of the flexion. The classic criteria for the diagnosing trochlea dysplasia are the crossing sign and double contour sign. Crossing sign is line represented by the deepest part of the trochlea groove crossing the anterior aspect of the condyles assessed from the lateral radiograph. Double contour sign is double line at the anterior aspect of the condyles and is present if the medial condyles is hyperplastic. The jar had proposed the distinguishing four morphological types of the trochlea dysplasia. In the type A, the morphological structures are preserved as we can see in the image A. In the type B, there is flat horizontally oriented trochlea joint surface. In type C, there is flat and obliquely oriented trochlea joint surface with a facet asymmetry. In the type D, type D is the same as type C but with a prominent bone protrusion on the parasiteal view giving the cliff pattern. Another Weber classification of the patella shape. It describes mainly on the asymmetry between the patella medial and lateral facets on the axial views of the patella, increasing number of types indicating the larger degree of the asymmetry. In the type 3, there is maximum asymmetry. In the type 1, roughly symmetrical facets are there and they are concave facets and equal sized. Although it is presumed as the ideal shape of the patella, it is in fact rather uncommon occurring in 10% of the general population. The type 2 or B, the slightly smaller medial facet is there and there is concave shaped lateral facet. In the type 3 Weber, the markedly smaller facet of the medial facet and more vertically oriented, quantitative method for diagnosing the trochlear dysplasia. Lateral trochlear inclination, most superior section showing the trochlear cartilage, in selected from the axial data set, the inclination angle is less than 11 degrees indicating the trochlear dysplasia. Lateral trochlear inclination, assessed on the axial fat saturation T2 MR images, a line drawn along the sub-continental bone of the lateral trochlear facet and the second line is drawn along the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and we measure the angle between them, it is less than 11 degrees trochlear dysplasia. Second comes here, a trochlear facet asymmetry. Here again, we measure the length of the medial trochlear facet to the length of the lateral trochlear facet ratio measured at the 3 cm above the Tb femoral joint graft. A trochlear facet ratio of less than 40% is identified indicating the dysplasia and with the sensitivity of the 100% and specificity of the 96%. The trochlear depth, the deepest point of the sulcus is determined at the same level as a trochlear facet asymmetry is determined. The trochlear dysplasia is assumed if the trochlear depth is 3 mm or less, the sensitivity of the 100% specificity of 96%. Let's depict in the images. Facet, we measure the length of the medial facet and the lateral facet. Then we use it to divide the medial facet length upon the lateral facet length into 100%. If it is less than 40%, it indicates the dysplasia there. And trochlear depth is measured by the first we draw a reference line which is at the posterior aspect of the femoral condyne at the 3 cm above the Tb femoral joint graft. Then we draw the largest anterior posterior diameter of the lateral and the medial condyne like this A and C. Then we draw the deepest point of the sulcus and we use the formula of A plus C upon 2 minus B. That is, we take the mean of A and C and then subtract it from the B. So if the trochlear depth is 3 mm or less, it is assumed to be indicating the dysplasia. Now patella ulta or high-riding patella. As we discussed, if the patella is too high above the trochlear fossa and occurs when the patella tendon is too long. If patella ulta, the degree of the flexion needs to be higher for the patella to engage in the trochlea compared with the normal lean. This problem leads to the reduced patella contact area and decrease bone stability in the shallow degrees of flexion. Patella height ratio is calculated as the length of the patella tendon measured posteriorly from the apex of the patella to its attachment to the tibial tuberosity and divided by the longest supereo inferior diameter of the patella, that is, in salvati index, the normal patella height ratio is reported as a 1.1 with a standard deviation of 0.1 and patella ulta is defined as the patella height ratio of more than 1.3 which is the normal ratio plus the two standard deviation. The patella trochlea index has recently been proposed as the more accurate reflection of the functional height of the patella. This index is a measure of patella feborel contact data determined from the sagittal MR images. Here, in the sagittal MR image, we can see how we measure the patella height ratio or in salvati index. We take the longest supereo inferior diameter of the patella and we measure the length of the patella tendon. Then we use a formula A upon V, that is, the length of the patella tendon and the longest diameter of the supereo inferior diameter of the patella. If normally, as we can discuss, the normal has a value of 1.1 with a standard deviation of 0.1 and if it is more than 1.3, then we take it as the patella ulta. Now, last comes here TTTG. We measure a distance from the t-wheel to vertical to the trochlea group on the axial fast T2 MR image. The distance from the deepest point of the trochlea, that is the line B is drawn and to the middle of the t-wheel to vertical, we measure the distance between them. If this distance is less than 15 mm, it is considered as normal. If the distance is 15 to 20 mm, it is coming up to the borderline and distance of more than 20 mm indicates the marked lateralization of the tribrosity. Now, the repair techniques are MPFL reconstruction, medial capsular plication and lateral capsular release, trochleoplasty and t-wheel tribrosity transfers. Now, coming back to our case, there is borderline trochlea dysplasia with a circle angle of 144 degrees and trochlea depth is 4.3. MTTTG came out 12.7 with asymmetrical trochlea facets, so it came out to 49%. There is pteroalta as we have discussed and verbac type 3 ptero. So considering all these things, the MPFL reconstruction was done using a semitrendinosis graph. Thank you.


I am Nathaniel Rumpeljantz and this is my YouTube channel Nintendo Prime.  I'm 35, I'm a father of three and I've been gaming for 30 years but I never let go of that inner child that gets excited on Christmas morning when he opens up his brand new Nintendo 64. I try to bring that same excitement and energy to the way I cover and talk about news. Videos Monday through Friday recap the biggest stories of the day but not just in a quick headline surfing way. I care so much more about the conversations that can be had around the news rather than just the news itself because those conversations can usually be as important if not more so than the news itself. I believe in building a community that isn't just all about me everybody. I try my best to give back as much as I can which is why we do monthly giveaways and huge giveaway events on live stream as we try to thank you and give back to the very community that enjoys what I do. Nothing on my channel is scripted which is ironic since this channel trailer is. Caw dang it Nate! We stream every Monday, Tuesday, and Friday or Monday and Friday are Q&A sessions with the fans and Tuesday is where we play games with them. On Wednesday we actually host the Nintendo Prime podcast live however we have now moved it to its own channel but it's still at the heart of our belief in talking about games and gaming news. Oh did I mention on live streams I'm doing shots and having a few drinks while dancing and doing other crazy shenanigans? Remember I said the inner child is still there. That doesn't mean we can't have serious conversations either. I will passionately talk about Nintendo in a way you may not find anywhere else. I'm hyper critical because I want them to be the best company they can be. I really enjoy what we have built together on YouTube and I can't wait to see what tomorrow brings.