First Kings chapter 19 We're gonna be looking at the first 18 verses of this chapter and tonight's message I've entitled it the great escape the great escape You're gonna see in a moment as we go through this text why I called this the great escape But we're gonna be looking at the first 18 verses here of first Kings chapter 19. I'm gonna read Pretty much probably I'm just gonna read up to verse 10 even though we're gonna go beyond that But just to kind of introduce the text Chapter 19 of first Kings it says an ahab told Jezebel that Elijah What Elijah had done? Also how he had executed all the prophets with the sword then Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah saying so let the gods do to me And more also if I do not make your life as the life of the one of one of them by tomorrow about this time And when he saw that he arose and ran for his life and went to Bersheba Which belongs to Judah and left his servant there But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness and came and sat down under a broom tree And he prayed that he might die and said it is enough Now Lord take my life for I am no better than my father's Then as he lay and slept under a broom tree suddenly an angel touched him and said to him arise and eat Then he looked and there by his head was a cake baked on coals and a jar of water So he ate and drank and lay down again And the angel of the Lord came back the second time and touched him and said arise and eat because the journey is too great for you So he arose and ate and drank and he went in the strength of that food 40 days and 40 nights as far as Horrib the mountain of God and there he went into a cave and spent the night in that place And behold the word of the Lord came to him and said to him. What are you doing here Elijah? So he said I have been very zealous for the Lord the God of hosts for the children of Israel Have forsaken your covenant torn down your altars and killed your prophets with the sword I am I alone am left and they seek to take my life. I Heard of a Christian woman who who said my favorite verse in the Bible is the one where it says and it came to pass Now when she told people that they asked her how could that be your favorite verse? Well, she responded and said because I know that no matter what happens even as bad as it gets it hasn't come to stay It has come to pass Let me ask you a question. What's your feeling about your future? What's your feeling about the future? You know that one survey showed that most American adults are facing their future without and fear not with a feeling of Invincibility, but with a feeling of vulnerability Life on this side of heaven can be a bummer at times, right? I mean it stinks sometimes, you know that I mean if you read the book of Ecclesiastes, you're gonna come out depressed after that, right? Because Solomon's all about negative things and how the life is under the Sun and all that But on this side of heaven, we will have moments of fear moments of discouragement That will cause us to feel discouraged about the future and It's interesting because one of the things that Billy Graham said and I want to quote what he said He said this the Christian life is not a constant high. I have my moments of deep discouragement I have to go to God in prayer with tears in my eyes and say oh God forgive me or help me Billy Graham. It's like really Billy you have prayers like that Well, it's interesting because we all love mountaintop experiences when it comes to God, right? For those of you are wondering, what do you mean mountaintop experience? Do you mean Mount Baldy? No, no, I'm not talking about that. This is a cliche Christian thing We'd say you know Moses on the mountaintop a mountaintop experience is that experience where everything is falling into place for you Your relationship with Jesus is like right there. It's like you could call down from fire from heaven You're like I know I'm gonna get it if I do that. I mean it's you're so close You're walking like man. This is God has just been just pouring out his love pouring out his grace. It's a mountaintop experience and There are moments like that But if you've been a Christian for a long time, you know that you're gonna come down from that mountain eventually, right?  I mean in fact right now this week I'm having one of those. I mean I walked on what now I didn't do that But but but but I'm having one of those moments where God's like oh man Lord, this is amazing. This is so cool But in the back of my mind, I'm like I got to come down from this soon And if you remember when Moses came down from his mountaintop experience with God, what did he find? The children of Israel engrossed in some nasty stuff, right? They were in sin That discouraged Moses that got him upset When he saw the things that were going on How do you think he felt about the future and the future of God's people Lord? I'm not gonna continue with these guys. Look what they're doing. There's no future here with you know I mean these guys are going nowhere. Look what they're into right now How could I see a future as your leader God with people who are doing this stuff? I mean his future must have been pretty sad but what we're looking at here, it's interesting because we're gonna look at a Story about a man and it's not just a man. We're talking about a man of faith In fact more than just a man of faith I'm talking about a man of bold faith a man of confidence in his walk with God. I Mean when you look at the Bible and you read the book the Old Testament the New Testament He's popular in the Bible. I mean he's mentioned in scripture the things that God did through his life In fact in the New Testament there were these brothers. They try to copy what he what he did James and John remember when Jesus was walking through the Samaritan village and they rejected Jesus. What did James and John wanted to do Call fire down from heaven to barbecue those people that rejected Jesus. Remember that Lord. Let us get you know Let's just crispy them up, you know crispy cream right here. Let's do it right What did Jesus say? Hey listen your attitudes are bad.  Who were they want to imitate Elijah? And this is the person that we're gonna be looking at and we're gonna be looking at what I'm calling Elijah's great escape And we're gonna apply this to our lives because I believe this is a very powerful portion of scripture Elijah who was a man of great faith all of a sudden collapsed because of fear and discouragement a man of faith He wanted to call it quits He wanted to just just throw in the towel and maybe there's some of you here tonight That you're you're ready to just quit right now You're just you're on the verge of calling it quits. You're saying I'm about to quit after this service, man I'm gonna quit. Well, let me see. Don't do it yet. Okay.  Let's look at the problem here What is the problem with this big man of faith? Why did he leave? Why did it run away? Well, listen? Look what it says It says ahab Told Jezebel all that Elijah had done also how he had executed all the prophets with the sword now Abraham or I'm sorry. Ahab comes to his wife To report some news to her Now who is Jezebel? I mean, you don't really run into people by that name, right? I can't wait my first kid Jezebel and if it's a boy Judas, could you imagine that? That's weird, huh? I honestly expect the Antichrist to have babies like that, right? He's gonna be naming them Jezebel and Judas anyways, that's probably not true, but Who is Jezebel? Jezebel is one of the most intriguing women in the Bible and evil yet strong will creep That's right creep She was the model of what a contentious woman is For example Proverbs 21 9 Solomon said better to dwell in the corner of a house top than in a house shared with a contentious woman You know Solomon knew what's up, right? Because he probably had a lot of contentious women among those thousands, right? So so he's an expert you can't let out. You don't know you've never been married. Yes a thousand times, buddy, you know so he knows Well Jezebel was the wicked witch of the West or the wicked witch of Israel She was so bad. She was a Phoenician princess who worshipped bow the pagan god of fertility She married King Ahab of the northern tribe of Israel And she persuaded him to tolerate her paganism and that's how it seeped into the Tribe there the northern tribe and all of a sudden they began to worship this God and I find it interesting because she Persuaded her husband to do this here is a man who was supposed to represent God and then here's a woman who wasn't representing God Doesn't the Bible warn us about being unequally yoke? Right well why God? I mean he's cute He does come to church with me. I know he doesn't open his Bible, but but still He's willing to come. Hey, listen you take a chance and you missionary date. It doesn't always work And if you go into that and you're gonna get thrashed Spiritually because you're gonna compromise Ahab had no backbone She took that role and she basically when she married Ahab she emerges as the power behind a throne So Jezebel who hated the worship of Yahweh worship of God she introduced this bow worship now What is this bow worship? Well bow worship was the worst sin against God similar to today's Christians embracing Satan It's like if a Christian embraces Satanism right they're like wow that's bad Well, that's exactly what bail worship was among the children of Israel It was that that was not a good thing and the worst thing is that King Ahab began to protect this worship He began to protect it and he began to encourage the tribe to go and worship bow So what happened well?  You will have no food Here's where Elijah comes in Elijah is fed up with the children of Israel's Nonsense their sinful ways in fact in chapter 18 of first Kings verse 21 If you turn there real quickly, look at look at look what he did He basically came to settle the question of who is supreme God or bail And this is what he says in verse 21 of chapter 18. How long will you people falter between two opinions?  That was that was the the actual Test the challenge that he had It reminds me of what Joshua did when Joshua led the children of Israel into the Promised Land And he came to the the last chapter of Joshua 24 Joshua who was renewing the covenant Reminding all the children of Israel say hey, don't forget what God had done in your life Don't don't forget what he did how we got here and then he says this to them very bold of a good leader He said this if it seems evil to you to serve the Lord choose for yourself this day whom you will serve Whether the gods which your father served that were on the other side of the river or the gods of the Amorites in Whose land you dwell but as for me and my house. We will serve the Lord pretty cool, huh?  I don't care How many people are unstable in this house? We are gonna serve God here.  I mean God proved himself to be the true God Fire came down consumed the sacrifice and all of a sudden the people were like, okay You're God. You're God. You're God, you know if we believe you're the one and then 400 and some prophets were killed So now here comes Ahab with some good news and some bad news So he comes honey. Yes. I got some good news and bad news. Okay. What's up? What's what's the good news? It's raining it rained the droughts over. Okay. What's the bad news? Your prophets are dead. What? Yeah, your prophets are dead.  He went against Jesus. He lost Jonah thought he can hide from the presence of the Lord. He lost and There's other stories in scripture that show that you cannot Win you're done well Jezebel lost and Elijah now has a choice and Notice in verse 3 what he chose to do When he saw that he rose he ran for his life and went to brashiba which belongs to Judah and left his servant there I mean he says see ya. Hey, buddy. I'll be back. You could stay back. He left his servant behind What baffles me is this God had just done an amazing work in chapter 18, right? I mean he saw the spectacular God Proving himself to be the only true God by consuming that sacrifice He saw an amazing work of the Lord and all of a sudden he collapses by fear over this creep right Jezebel What's going on here? well What happened is this he's Elijah took his eyes off the Lord and he put them on his circumstances Because if you notice what it says when Elijah saw Anytime you and I take our eyes off of God and we put them on our circumstances. We're gonna sink We're not gonna make it because sometimes our circumstances are so huge You remember Peter what happened to Peter when Peter said to Jesus if that's you Lord when he was in the boat You know have me come to you. She says sure come and Peter made it clear. He says on the water Jesus says come what did you start walking on water, right?  You can call out to God and bring you back up This is what happened.   He fasted for 40 days and 40 nights. Guess who showed up? The Satan to tempt him to knock him off his course, but it didn't work, right? God won The Satan was no match and it's important for us to understand this because this is something that we have to understand As Christians is that the enemies after you daily First Peter 5a be sober be vigilant Why because your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour Not push not slap you in the back of the head.  He wants to kill you Because he hates Christians and anytime you begin to develop that relationship with Jesus in a wonderful way And it becomes very strong the enemy says I don't like that I want to bring them back to the way they were. I don't want them to get their Bibles at anymore This is this is ridiculous and This is what happened to poor Elijah Elijah saw the spectacular display of God's mighty power and you would think that that experience Would have made him bold and confident to laugh at Jezebel's You know threat, right? I'm gonna burn you up, too, you know But it didn't happen that way and and we see here instead. He became discouraged Afraid because he was looking at his circumstances. You know, what's interesting is that Elijah was a man of God He was a man of God and yet he still struggled with fear and he began to run away from the situation there And some people will look at a man like this and and they'll say well Wait a minute. Isn't he supposed to be a man of God our man of God men of God perfect? Aren't you a leader at a church? You're dealing with fear. Maybe you're not saved. No, it's not true. We're human We still go through discouragement Because we're all in it together the difference between you and me appears that I'm up here. You're down there They were all human beings where you all get hit with the same trials sometimes and Elijah is no different in the Bible Even says that listen to James 5 17. I love this Elijah was a man with a nature like ours. It's not cool and He prayed earnestly that it would not rain and it did not rain on the land for three years and six months Elijah was used by God in a powerful way But he is just like you and me a fallen human being with weaknesses You see it's Christians that put pastors and leaders on pedestals It's not the pastor and leader that puts them on a pedestal. They don't put themselves It's the people that will put them up on that pedestal and then when they fall you're like, whoa, what's going on? You're supposed to be a pastor.  You just don't know and and even Billy Graham I shared that that that scripture with you or that quote. I mean even he has his struggles. I mean, we're all human beings Of course, I'm not saying this is to give us a license to sin and do what no I'm not saying that I'm talking about reality here that Elijah was a man just like you and me Just a human being and yet he struggled with fear discouragement and that just sent them over the edge Elijah's problem notice when he went in there He went to Brasheba But but but Elijah Who is just a man like you and me and I love this part what Paul says in first Corinthians if you guys actually turn there with me first Corinthians 126 there's something here that I want to add to the the the frailness or the the imperfection that leaders Have and dwell with and in first Corinthians chapter 1 even God himself knows That there are no super saints in the kingdom of God and no one is perfect And no one has the ability to walk on water without God's power, of course But first chat first Corinthians 2 26 you guys are probably familiar with this But this is this is what it says in first Corinthians chapter 1 verse 26 For you see you're calling brethren that not many wise according to the flesh not many mighty or Not many noble are called but God has chosen what the foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise and God has chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which are mighty and The base things of the world and the things which are despised God has chosen and the things which are not To bring to nothing the things that are and then he says that no flesh should glory in his presence Isn't that amazing?  He goes to brashiva. You know how far brashivas he actually went about a hundred miles way south into empty deserts He just took off. He just booked and went out into the desert Was probably wasn't even thinking or maybe he knew where he was going But he went to know he went to no man's land. He went to the boonies. I guess if you will But Elijah's problem was not that he arose and ran or went down to the desert to hide It was that he did it without God's direction. He did it without God as his primary shelter You don't see Elijah here praying say God, what do I do? Which way do I go? What do you want me to do? What's your will in this Lord? Jezebel wants to kill me. So what do you I'm gonna do now? He didn't consult God. He just took off. He just left and He sought shelter in a barren desert That tells you how discouraged she was You know the Proverbs says that the Lord is this is a strong tower, right? The righteous run into it and they are what safe Well, Elijah didn't think about that. He thought the desert was safety and you're gonna see where he goes to get comfort But as the Elijah takes off in verse 3 he arose went to brashiva, which belongs to Judah left his servant there We see that the first three verses deal with his problem. Now we get to see God's grace verse 4 But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness and came and sat under a broom tree And he prayed that he might die and said it is enough Now Lord take my life for I am no better than my father's He says it is enough. He thought it was all over He was tired of traveling. His mind was concerned about his life. His future looked very bleak He was a hopeless man and he found a broom tree and they say broom trees are desert bush They grew to a height about of about ten feet. I have a picture of one if you guys pull it That's a broom tree. It's in my backyard. I'm joking. It's not This is a this is actual broom tree in Israel There isn't much shelter under there And this desert it probably was hot But he kind of somehow went underneath that bush and he just tried to see comfort in a broom tree Your bios might say juniper trees the same thing but we see that Elijah goes to this tree and Why is Elijah there? Let me tell you why Elijah misinterpreted his circumstances You see Elijah expected Jezebel to surrender After seeing this spectacular display of God's power Elijah probably thought you know what she is going to surrender right now watch She's gonna melt Instead she went against them. She opposed them And he's like, okay, this is not good So he misinterpreted his circumstances and that led him to this desert and it's interesting because as he Interpreted this difficult situation in his life. He figured that this means it's time to end my life My ministry is over. I there's nothing for me to do. I'm worse than my father's so therefore I must just die Listen, we can do the same thing We can misinterpret our circumstances too You know for example, maybe you're having a hard time at work with your boss maybe you're having a hard time with your co-worker and That difficult situation that you're you're having at work. You're misinterpreting it. You're thinking God is telling you to quit And guys not telling you to quit You know another example is marriages marriages that go through difficult times They misinterpret that that difficult time at that season of difficulty and then they look at it and says, okay I think God is telling us to divorce and a lot of marriages today are broken up because of these Squabbles within the marriage and they misinterpret that just that circumstance in a marriage that situation that hard Difficulty that they think it's well. This means that we're done How do you know that? You don't know that Listen life is full of disappointments. Amen. I'm serious. I'm not here to kind of give you a gloom and doom kind of thing All right, but I'm being real here life has its disappointments If we are not careful those disappointments can derail us spiritually keep that in mind Those disappointments in life can derail us spiritually There is nothing wrong with hoping for the best. I'm one of those guys No, but it's gonna be great. You know, it's gonna be good There's nothing wrong with that But when things don't go the way you want them to go you have to somehow bear it and do it as a soldier of Christ Hope for the best Maybe you're waiting for that job. They called you up twice. Hope for the best, but if you don't get it Don't sink Don't be like forget it. There is no God now. You know what I mean? Bear with it endure it as a soldier of Christ and move on Elijah here misinterpreted his circumstances. He figured Isabel one or just about nice about just about wants to kill me Therefore, I need to get out of here. I'm done. God kill me Our circumstances can end up when we misinterpret our circumstances Sometimes we can end up in places that we shouldn't be at and that's exactly what happened to Elijah Verse four notice what he said take my life He's asking God to take his life God never answered his prayer, you know, why he lied you never died Could you imagine if God answered his prayer and he's in heaven?   Are you serious God? What I would I would have done that right?  He's like, you know what I was gonna involve you in the rapture Bomber I wanted to I want to experience the rapture.  I answered your prayer Listen, I am glad that God doesn't answer all of our prayers. Aren't you?  We all been there, right? Elijah's asking for something and little did he know God was not gonna Have him taste death He was gonna be taken up in this cherry and it was gonna be an amazing experience for him But there are prayers that we ask God for and we plead with him and he doesn't answer and that's okay And maybe you've prayed that way Maybe you've been in a situation in your life where you're just so down and you probably did say Lord, you can take me home You can take me home. That's okay I'm just so depressed. I'm so down right now Lord. If you just take me home right now It's it's done.   It's a beautiful baby. And you're like, yes, Lord I'm thank you that you didn't answer my prayer because I have my my son my daughter We can get very depressed. We can get very down and we can have prayers like this Elijah but you know that this reaction this prayer That people are asking forgot to take them home or take them, you know to kill them was a common occurrence in the Bible Did you know that by some big men of faith? Let me give an example. Job prayed the same way Forgot to take his life. Now, you're like, I would have done the same thing. Look what he went through Then also we have Moses. Moses did the same thing He prayed the same take my life Lord Jeremiah See all these guys were in ministry. It tells you that people in ministry are suicidal Choke in here But you know what I mean, it could be kind of hectic sometimes, you know, I passed her a church for ten years There are some days I'm like Where's the rapture, you know but we see here though that Elijah is so down so down so dark that even said I'm no better than my father's His the fathers of Israel allowed the nation to fall into the condition that it was in When he was there, this is the whole struggle is that this nation that they struggle with idolatry And he's saying I'm worse than them. It's like wow relax be easy on yourself. No, you're not You're a man of God. Do you have weaknesses Elijah? But notice he provides God provides for Elijah verse 5 Then as he lay and slept under a broom tree Suddenly an angel touched them and said to him arise and eat Then he looked and there by his head was a cake a cake baked on coals and a jar of water So he ate and drank and lay down. I love this You know why he's because see the Lord Understood that Elijah was a frail man He needed food And not only that but we see that God provides for him because he was exhausted He was depressed and discouraged and God is saying I'm gonna take care of this man He's my boy, right and I'm gonna feed him. He needs some strength here God understands that you're frail. Listen when you're tired. Don't think you're being unspiritual Take a nap. God understands. I got a doom in his drag I don't care, you know Sometimes, you know when I'm studying for a Bible study when it's really late at night and my brain is like done, you know I don't I don't think it's like, oh, I'm such an unspiritual man. I got to keep going till 2 a.m It's like I'm done Lord. Good night, you know, that's okay. God understands. We need our sleep We need our rest we need our nourishment and God is taking care of him right here And he's given him some interesting things and he sends an angel to him Elijah wake up Right God sent ravens to feed you before Birds Now he's bringing, you know angels to you and he's giving them angel food cake here. You know what I mean So this says there angel it was a cake Right And some water, you know, you guys have any angel food cake and water, you know that just it takes good, right? But here he is and the angel is giving him food I'd be like Wow I mean at that time I'm like Lord. I mean you used Birds to feed me and now you're sending an angel to feed me.    I know you are.  Isn't he gentle?  What kind of christian are you? You know what? That's called condemnation The difference between condemnation and conviction condemnation says you I can't believe you did that What kind of person are you?   Absolutely But he chooses not to because he loves you. He loves me. He's gentle with us. Let me prove it to you Matthew chapter 11 verse 30. Jesus said this For my yoke is what easy and my burden is You see how gentle jesus is Elijah Definitely had a burden on his heart and the lord right now is comforting him He's comforting him verse 8 He gave him enough strength for 40 days and 40 nights Now I find this interesting because It says there When he says to him Verse 6 he looked and thereby his side was a cake baked on coals and a jar of water So he ate and drank and lay down verse 7 and the angel the lord came back the second time touched him and said arise eat before Because the journey is too too great for you So it says in verse 8 So he arose he ate and drank and he went in the strength of that 40 of that food 40 days and 40 nights As far as horib the mountain of god mount sinai that's that mountain where god gave the commandments But I want you to understand one thing He says that he gave him enough food for 40 days from the broom tree to mount horib was about an about an eight-day travel 40 days, you know what that tells you he was wandering for a while And it's interesting because it echoes what the children of israel did right? They were wandering around right? I mean they could have been in that promise in a long time But the bible says they were actually circling around there was just circling around And sometimes you feel like that in life you're just kind of circling like I have no direction god And it's like well, what's going on that's the sit down. Let's talk about it. Maybe there's some sin in your life Maybe there's something that's off in your life And elijah could have been there in eight days it took him 40 days But god understood that he knew he says i'm going to give you no strength for those 40 days Instead of saying i'm only giving you strength for eight days and for the rest of you know You will die then But he didn't do that got to care of his needs And it says there in verses 9 through 10 As he says that he went from the broom tree Lord is to a cave And there he went into a cave he went into a darker place And he spent the night in that place and behold the word of the lord came to him and said to him What are you doing here elijah?  What are you doing here elijah? God always shows up In those discouraging times You see sometimes we think that god doesn't show up when we're going through a dark time in our life We think that god is out somewhere else in left field doing his thing and he's left us alone But listen even in those discouraging moments in your life even when you're scared Depressed that's when god shows up And we see here. This is a great example Elijah was in a place That he probably never thought he would be And it's important that He understood that god was there But he was in the wrong place And i always say that it's important to be where god wants you to be It's always important to be in that place that you know god has called you to be You know when moses was leading the children of israel one of my favorite verses in that whole journey of moses is exodus 33 15 he he was real with god and he said this If your presence does not go with us do not bring us up from there That's pretty cool, right? Have you prayed that before lord if you're not in this, please don't open this door I remember saying that before i moved to new york in 98 I remember walking Yeah, I was I was I remember I used to go jogging now in aliyah school when they came up at that school And I would go on the track and jog and I remember Months before we left to new york the planet church. I used to say to the lord I remember walking saying lord if I am making a mistake if you're not going with us don't let us go Please I don't want to move across the states and find out that you never came with us Not and i'm speaking in a human in a human way. I'm not saying that god is Away from us. He's with us all the time, but what i'm saying is as far as his will for us to be in a certain place And moses said lord if you're not going with us if your presence not going with us. I don't want to go Elijah was in a place That god did not call him to be at And god will ask you the same question What are you doing here? He'll ask you the same question. What are you doing here? Maybe it's a relationship that you're in right now and god says what are you doing in this relationship? It's not honoring me anymore It's causing you to stumble What are you doing here? Or maybe It's a different location. Maybe you're in a different place and god is saying i've never called you to this place Or maybe you're in a discouraged time right now in life and god is telling you what are you doing here? Why you discouraged? You know, maybe you thought you were doing the right thing But now you find yourself in a place of discouragement and fear But the cool thing is that god is there with you That's the cool thing. He's not going to leave you alone because you're his child And he loves you God wasn't done with elijah He was not done with elijah elijah may have thought that That it was over But god didn't want him to be afraid of jezebel God did not want him to run away into the desert and end up in a dark cave God did not call elijah to live in a cave but to stand up for the lord That's what he wanted to stand up for god Christians shouldn't live a defeated life We shouldn't live a life of defeat The bible states that we are more than conquerors, right? But there are a lot of christians today living in defeat And god is saying i'm not i haven't called you from that You need to live in victory christ look at my son. Look what he did for you and we are more than conquerors the bible says We shouldn't fear man. We should fear the lord, right? elijah feared man the woman jezebel So what does elijah do verse 10 he answers god notice he says to the lord Well, i've been very zealous for the lord the god of hosts for the children of israel have forsaken your covenant Torred down your altars and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and they seek to take my life well elijah answers the lord, but he gives him the wrong answer God isn't asking him for all of this elijah is saying that there's no one else to maintain your cause god Everybody's dead. I'm the only one and there's no way I can take this anymore elijah forgot about god sovereignty That god is not dependent on no one He's not dependent on no one even though he chooses us individuals to do his work. He's not dependent on people He can use angels. He was using an angel right there with elijah He could have sent his servant to look for elijah to say hey go tap him on the shoulder and give him some food No, god says i'm going to provide an angel for him. I don't need man I don't need people to be used, but but he gives us that privilege to be used And we see that elijah is answering to god and he's just basically Oblivious to the sovereignty of god and at that time, of course, he's so in darkness that he doesn't understand or see beyond that So what does the lord do? but once the lord Talks to him in a personal way now god moves in even in an even A powerful way verse 11 notice what god does. He reveals himself to elijah he says this elijah Go out and stand on the mountain before the lord And behold the lord passed by in a great and strong wind tore into the mountains and broke the rocks and pieces before the lord The lord was not in the wind and after the wind and earthquake But the lord was not in the earthquake And after the earthquake a fire But the lord was not in the fire and after the fire a still small voice This is one of my favorite sections in scripture. What is going on here? I don't know nampchuk. I do know When you look at something like this, you're like wow three phenomena wind earthquake and fire Elijah listen elijah was used to seeing the spectacular. He saw fire come down from heaven He was used to seeing god his presence come in these spectacular ways fire from heaven And god revealed himself through strong wind the bible says even in the old testament He revealed himself through earthquakes when the people at the base of the mountain were looking up and moses was up there There was thunder and lightning and a great earthquake basically the mountain shook the bible says So god's presence was seen through these amazing Phenomenons And you're like wow, this is crazy, but god says i was not in the wind Was not in the earthquake It was not in the fire notice what he says i was there in that small steel voice god Revealed himself to elijah in a faint whispering Voice what does that mean to elijah? Here's the lesson That the almighty god was quietly sometimes Unnoticeably doing his work in israel god did not have to show himself in the spectacular to prove to elijah That he was still there you get it And it's interesting because a lot of times as christians when we want god to speak to us We're waiting for a thunder don't aren't we or a trumpet blast god if you could just You know cause lightning to fall upon my house you know whatever you know what i mean something. Yeah, probably maybe that's not a good one But you know what i mean If i hear this in chino champion, you know i'm like all these people's houses, you know i'm like whoa um But but elijah was used to seeing all this but as christians sometimes we want to see the spectacular But listen god will speak to us in that small steel voice and you know where that is found in the bible You just open up the bible And as you read a verse God speaks to you right there right The bible doesn't levitate up and go Whoa, okay, you're speaking. Yep. That's it lord. Okay, put it down. You know He doesn't do that You're having your quiet time cup of coffee. You know it's quiet Everybody's still asleep. You're downstairs or upstairs whatever you're doing outside And you're reading the scriptures and all of a sudden A verse hits you hard in the in the heart and you're like, oh, this is amazing lord Thank you.  It's alive. It's powerful And even though you didn't receive it in fire in wind or in an earthquake listen It is the same powerful impact that god spoke to you as if it was through those different things Elijah didn't see god manifest himself in the realm of the spectacular But that didn't mean that god wasn't working in israel god was fully aware of jezebel's wickedness and in fact He did deal with her he ended up destroying her But don't get discouraged If you don't see god Doing a work in your unsafe family that you've been praying for for 20 years It doesn't mean he's not working in there He is Maybe you're one of those uh that that that you know people said man, I prayed for you so many times And I just thought god wasn't doing anything.  Listen He is trust me, but but don't misinterpret that To think he's not because they look at you with a straight face when you're talking about jesus God is doing something in there. So what happened with saul in acts chapter nine The verse actually chapter seven and eight when he saw the death of steven Something was happening in saul's heart because in chapter nine we see him saved, right? And all the christians at that time said saul is basically the hitler of the christianity at that time He hates us.  Remember in anias. Uh lord, you know who that is He want me to go to he doesn't like me So go lay hands on him. He's blind Okay, and they find out he got saved So don't ever think that because you don't see any visible change in your unsafe family That god is not working in them. He is And this is what's happening with elijah elijah See here's god's voice not in the the spectacular he has before but in that small still voice So verse 13 God after that comes to elijah once again And says When he heard it That he wrapped His face in his mantle as reverence, of course He just covered him covered himself went out and stood in the end at the entrance of the cave Suddenly a voice came to him and said again, what are you doing here elijah? Don't you love the lord? He doesn't give up on us, huh? What are you doing here? All right, what are you doing here? You know seriously God is so awesome Elijah is asked by the lord again So what does the lord do? He recommissions elijah basically elijah.  It's time to go back and look at verse 15 what it says Then the lord Said to him Go return on your way to the wilderness of damaskas And when you arrive anoint haziel as king over syria Also, you shall anoint jehu the son of nimshi and king over as king over israel and elijah the son of shapat Of abel mehola.  That's cool But he says and by the way elijah You don't have when you said that you're the only one. Well, let me let me give you a little revelation Notice what it says in verse 18. I have reserved 7,000 in israel All whose knees have not bowed to bow and every mouth that has not kissed them. Oh So I am not the only one lord. This is great Uh-huh I'm doing a work elijah. Just because you don't see it doesn't mean I'm not working Okay, and guys be careful seriously be very careful just because you don't see anything visible doesn't mean God is not working even in your own life Maybe you're thinking like I just don't feel like God is doing anything in my life. I just don't feel listen. Don't go by feelings Christian faith is in a it's an objective faith not a subject. It's not based on feelings The bible says in philippians 1 6 he who began a good work in you. What well complete. It's a promise That means that God is working right now in your life In your life. He's working right now as i'm talking to you. He's doing a work in you right now And just because you don't feel something doesn't mean he's not working in your life He's promised that he is and he's going to complete whatever he's doing in your life To the day of christ jesus that's the promise that we have And this is what god is teaching teaching elijah God comes to elijah asks him the same thing and then he recommissions him to go back These three men mentioned here were involved in the destruction of bow worship showing that god was at work And was going to take care of the wickedness in israel God used them and elijah Took his place elijah took over the ministry of elijah And we see here that god even said anoint elijah who's going to take your place So yeah, your ministry is coming to an end elijah And elijah will take over that minister. So i know him because you need to prepare for him I want to close with a few things here as we come to a conclusion Elijah's struggles show us that even men of great faith Go through seasons of discouragement and disappointments But it also shows that for us there are times that the craziness of life Can push us to want to quit Can push us to want to run away from our situation Like i said, maybe it's work. Maybe you you want to run away from your job right now You're like i cannot stand this place anymore. I want to run Maybe it's a relationship.  I need to leave them.  I am done take me You know once one person said this that life is 10 percent what happens to you and 90 percent how you react to it And i find that true elijah reacted rather than responding to god you see This could happen to us And the way we it could happen to us is that we sometimes often react rather than respond by faith in what god is doing We reacted run God wants to encourage us tonight that he's here for you He's here for you And wherever you're out in life right now, whether you are in a cave if you will Or under a broom tree where there's a little light God is there with you asking the same question. What are you doing here? And i find this very important and very interesting for us because elijah who had a truly mountaintop experience with god in the past But yet he was not prepared for the valleys that always follow He was used to the spectacular He wasn't used to the valleys and you got to be ready for those valleys don't ever Turn your eyes or a blind eye to valleys because they do come unfortunately But there's a promise when you're going through your valley Psalm 234 though i walk through the valley of the shadow of death i will fear no evil why For you are with me That's why your rod and your staff they comfort me isn't it awesome that in my valley and your valley god is there with you He doesn't leave you alone.  No i'm right there with you That means that god is found not just in victories, which is awesome when he's found in victories, but he's also found in our valleys discouragement depression And disappointments. He's there. He's found in those states of minds and in those places in life I love what david said in psalm 42 11 Why are you downcast though my soul? Why are you disquieted within me hoping god? For I shall praise him and the help of my countenance and my god the help of my countenance and my god So god is asking you that question tonight. What are you doing here? Maybe your life is not where it should be tonight And you know it Or maybe you didn't know it and tonight you're like i'm in the wrong place. What am I doing here? What got me here? God is calling you to go back To go back to where you started


again today we have a challenge to solve 1 simple problem. We need to solve this little exercise which says how to make a function with the while loop that runs so long as the maximum value of List1 is greater than the minimum value of List2. В каждата итерация, трябва да изменивате максимум от лист 1 и минимум от лист 2. Ретърния valor за това функцията са много итерации от Y-луп. Добавяме и трябваме да работим с два листа. Добавяме, например, два листа и добавяме да имаме лист 1 с элементы 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, а не има, както е, както си е, как да изменивате функционът с Y-луп. Добавяме за функционът. Това функционът В леки да бъгannerе, например, два аргументи и ненавистите. Няма да държим държим, това държим ще се държим 2 аргументи и тези аргументи ще се държим тези листите. Доверим нашия държим. Няма да държим държим, тези аргументи е и тези аргументи да се държим Държим някакъде. Държим някакой кондицій е добър, и в н Cinema will наисти и ще се държим държим някакъде. Това до нас shocking Mummy Ту. Let's say number of... let's say iteration number equals to zero at the beginning. And let's define while loop. While loop runs so long as the maximum value of list 1 is greater than the minimum value of list 2. So we have maximum value of list 1. So while maximum value of list 1 is what is greater than the minimum value of list 2. Let's use minimum value of list 2 and then we'll iterate our while loop. In each iteration you need to remove the maximum from list 1 and the minimum from list 2. So in each iteration we will remove the maximum from list 1. We'll say list1.remove and let's find maximum element of that list. So we'll say list1.... no, excuse me, we'll say max of list 1. So we will remove the maximum of list 1 from our list and we'll remove, I think, minimum of list 2. The minimum from our list 2. And we need to return the value of that function will be the number of iterations. So in every while loop pass we need to increase our iterations number variable. So we'll say iterations number plus equals to 1 and that's it for our while loop. And outside of our while loop we want to return iterations number. Okay, I think that's it. Okay and let's check to call our function. Let's call our function number of iterations with arguments list1 and list2. And we will get as a result number 2. So we have 2 iterations. Let me check that first we have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. First list and in second we have 2, 4, 6 and 8. In first pass of our iteration we will remove maximum from list 1. And we will remove minimum from list 2. And in next iteration we want to check is the maximum of list 1. So it's 7 is greater than minimum of list 2 which is 4. That's true because 7 is greater than 4. Okay, in the next pass we will delete maximum of list 1 and minimum of list 2. And now in the next iteration if we want to check if maximum element of list 1 is greater than the minimum element of list 2. But they are equal so we will have just 2 iterations in our while loop. Okay, so that's it for this challenge. See you in some next challenge. Happy coding!


Hello everyone and welcome to our next DDW session called modeling patterns for strategic business data analysis using knowledge graphs. Our presenters today are Dean Elemang semantic web consultant at working ontologist and a Lisa Kendall partner at thematics partners. No audience members are muted during these sessions so please submit your questions in the Q&A window on the right of the screen and our speaker will respond to as many questions as possible at the end of the talk. Please note there is a linked form at the bottom of the page titled the EDW conference session survey. This is where you can submit session feedback and we encourage you to do so. Also there is a small icon to the lower right of the screen which will enlarge this window with the speaker and slides. So with that housekeeping out of the way let's begin our presentation now. Thank you and welcome to Dean and Elisa. Thank you Eric. So Elisa and I have been working for a number of years together on a project called FIBO the financial industry business ontology and we're going to use FIBO as our example for the way these modeling patterns work. But before we get into the patterns themselves I want to talk a little bit about the role that FIBO plays in strategic data management and the specific challenges that an industrial ontology like FIBO faces to sort of set up the need for the design patterns that Elisa is going to talk about in the second half of this talk. So to do that I have different kinds of data that someone has to manage in general. Application data, this is when you're building an application is the data that the application itself manages. So this could be transaction data, history of the application, the actual things that are in the application itself. So it's pretty local in its scope. And then there's enterprise data. If you're managing enterprise there's data that you need to keep from one application to another things like customer information, product information and that kind of thing. But at an even larger scale there's something I like to call industrial data. And this is the data that actually cuts between different enterprises in an industry. What sort of data is that? That's things like regulatory data. That's the most obvious one where the regulators have a right to and need to have access to data from lots of different enterprises. But it also includes data, product research in the case of things like pharmaceuticals and agriculture. The basic science is data that's out there that everybody shares. Data about liability, about market history. This is data at an industrial level. So why do we want to manage industrial level data? These are the obvious reasons to begin with. Regulators have to on the one hand specify what is the data that we actually need to collect from the industry. Also, when the industry members submit that data the regulators have to be able to understand it. They have to be able to compare data across different submissions. And this is whether we're talking about financial regulation where we need to know about financial instruments or food and drug regulation where we need to understand about those products, medical things about medicine, interact with patients. And there's also customer centric data. Well why would you ever share customer data with other enterprises? When many industries this is key for instance if you're migrating data from one company to another that happens in medical records all the time. A patient goes from one clinic or a hospital to an emergency room to a treatment center and their data needs to be able to follow them. Also regulations like the GDPR, CCPA. These are regulations about a person's right to control over their own data about personal privacy. So this is information that cuts across multiple enterprises. It's about the individual who goes from one enterprise to the next. But there's also things like code lists and data models. These are things that companies can share to be able to communicate with each other in a market. We'll see some examples of that in just a moment. So a knowledge graph. Now if you're at this conference you probably have a good idea of what a knowledge graph is. It's a graph of data at a large scale that allows you to share data typically at an enterprise level but in this talk we're talking about sharing data at an industrial level. What can a knowledge graph do for us at an industrial level? So knowledge graphs typically or often contain ontologies. Ontologies are actually providing reference structure. So an example of something an ontology might say is that an address includes a country, a subdivision and a postcode. Now we all know that addresses have these pieces but what an ontology can do is to specify that and all refer to this in a common way. Or an account is held by an account holder but more specifically a customer account is held by a customer which is a particular kind of account holder. These examples actually come from FIBO and I'm not going to go into great detail of these examples so Lisa will give some examples that she goes into detail in later on. On the controlled vocabulary side a knowledge graph can also include controlled lists of items. Some examples of these are quite common in many industries. In agriculture there's a very successful vocabulary called agriVoc. This provides terminology for farmers to share information with chemical companies to share information with brokers and suppliers. The entire supply chain can use information from agriVoc to align their data. LCC, languages, countries and codes. This is a standard maintained by both the OMG and ISO to talk about recognized countries and how we refer to them. The North American industry classification system NAICS is used by banks and governments all over the world. Even though it's North American where it started to align industry types. So this is how banks do what they call KYC, know your customer. This is one of the ways that they unambiguously talk about the business that their customers are in. And also you have data sets that can be shared in finance and banking. There's a thing called the GLIFE. This is the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation. They provide identifiers for registered companies around the world. And in life sciences and pharmaceuticals, KEBI, the chemicals of biological interest. These are lists of chemicals that we can use to refer to so that industries can share information about these things. So these are the sorts of things that a knowledge graph can bring at an industrial level to help an industry operate more smoothly in terms of data management. Now let's get to an example of what an industry ontology has to do in such a setting. So what we're looking at here is we're getting to what is the role that something like FIBO and industry ontology can play when you've got multiple stakeholders that are working together. So let's imagine we have two stakeholders here. Company A is a stockbroker. And so what did they do? They keep records of transactions where people or entities purchase equity in other companies. So we see a couple of purchase orders here. Purchase order one, ACME bought 100 shares of stock in a company called EXU. And the total price of that is $22,174 U.S. dollars on a certain date. Another technology bought a stock called PBQ. Its volume was 50 and so on. So this might be data from a relational database or maybe a spreadsheet or report or something. And it's structured in a particular way that makes sense for company A. Now we can draw some conclusions from this. We can conclude that ACME now owns some interest in EXU and Fuji owns an interest in PBQ. But we don't represent it that way. That's not what a stockbroker needs to know. They need to know things about transactions, volumes, and dates. We see a government agency. This government agency is interested in keeping track of ownership for a number of reasons. They want to understand tax liabilities. So when they levy a tax, who do they actually levy it to for activities of certain organizations? It also supports money laundering investigations, fraud investigations. Who is the actual owner of some entity that took some action? And for them, they are really interested in what the banks call the legal hierarchy. That is, what are the legal responsibilities of one organization with respect to another? And they might represent it, for instance, in JSON, where now we see ACME owns EXU is directly represented. We don't actually know the transactions that created that ownership. The government is interested in that. They probably have no business in knowing about that. But they are interested in the legal hierarchy. So these are two different ways to represent data that cover, to some extent, the same information. Now, which of these ways of representing data is right? Well, what does it even mean to be right? There's a company out there working every day, every couple of seconds, doing transactions and stocks. There's a government agency out there pursuing investigations. Neither one of these is right. Each of these representations is fit to purpose. And this is a really important thing to understand that we're not talking about the right way to do data. We're talking about the fit way to do data fit for purpose. And that's really important when you think about the role that an enterprise ontology like FIBO can play. Now, you might say, well, gee, our job is to get it right. Well, wait a minute, if we are getting it right, that means we're telling at least one of these folks that they got it wrong. We are not going to be very popular with the folks that we're trying to help do regulations or data sharing or whatever. If we say to at least half of the organizations out there, probably all of them, oh, by the way, you got it wrong. The business that you are doing every minute of every working day is being transacted incorrectly. No, we're not going to be very popular if that's the way we work. So what can we do? We are charged is to help an industry. In the case of FIBO, the finance industry share data to improve how that industry works to prevent things like the crisis of 2008. To have more transparency into this industry. If we can't come in and say, we have it right, what can we do? Well, we can do something similar to what the vocabularies do. We don't say that this is the right thing. What we say is here are some things you can reference. And when you reference them, you can relate this to your way of doing things. And now the two of you can relate to one another. So if I say, how does their record refer to my record? I don't quite get this. If we provide a common reference, that facilitates that. And a very simple example. On the left, I have a contract. I bet many of you have executed a contract like this. It's actually what is called in real estate a purchase and sale agreement. There's a seller, there's a buyer, there's an asset in this case, it's a house, there's a cost, there's a closing date, a lot of other stuff. But I'm sure all of these concepts are familiar to many of you because you've either bought or sold a house sometime in your life. And that contract has these five pieces to it. Now there's a lot of stuff there, but on the other hand, your condo association, for instance, or your homeowner association is interested in this fact that you own this property. A much simpler piece of data over on the right. How do they relate together? That is the job of the reference ontology to help us answer this. So is our job to model the real world the way it is? No, that's not our job. Every stakeholder has their own idea of how the world is that is fit to the business that they do. We're not going to tell them they're wrong. We could come in and say, the government has told us that we are right to buy fiat, do it our way. That's going to be even more unpopular, because now we actually admitting we're getting it wrong, but telling you to do it the wrong way just to be in alignment with us. No, that's really going to be bad. What we could do is say, let's find a little bit that everybody has in common and model that. Well, okay, that's kind of getting there, but that's actually not very much. Even a simple idea like ownership, we have very different things. What's the common notion here? Those things and things that can own them. That's really not a whole lot. We should be able to do a little bit better than that. So what is our job? We have to anticipate out in the industry what those models will look like. I just anticipated two of them. This isn't as hard as a lot of experience in enterprise data modeling. We have some idea what challenges people face. But we are anticipating. We're not edicting and we're not collecting all the data from all of them. We're anticipating what they're going to have to do because of the use cases that they are supplying. I'm starting to steal at least this thunder now, because she's going to talk about. Then we bring the features from those anticipated models together into an ontology, a common shared model. That is going to help the designers mediate between that. That's our real job to design that model so that these things can relate to it. Of course, we can't just do that by edict. That's got to be a two-way street. We've got to be able to evaluate that against real-world situations. These models are existing because they help someone in their business. They provide value to somebody and there's a use case for that. To talk about FIBO in specifics, that's the general role that any industry ontology is playing. Let's come down to FIBO. For those of you who don't know a bit about the history of FIBO, the financial industry business ontology is an industry-level ontology, which is what I've been talking about, that tries to standardize all of these things, terminology, relationships and logic, to reconcile all the things happening in the financial instrument industry. It's been going on for just over 10 years now. It actually got going around 2008 in response to that crisis. We moved it into RDF OWL so we could share it and have logical consistency over it in 2013. Now it's been released as a joint effort of the EDM Council and the Object Management Group starting around 2015. We release it every quarter, so it's March, June, regular quarters, developed by domain experts and a team of ontologists, and it's all freely available at the links that you see here. Now we're working to publish a new baseline along with in collaboration with the OMG underway later on this year, but that will be governed by the same principles that the current one is of being open and free for the industry to use. So now I've only made it, I'm out of a minute over, sorry about that, Alisa. So Alisa, to talk about how the actual construction of FIBO responds to the challenges that I've talked about in the first part of this talk. So go ahead, Alisa. Okay, next slide. There we go. Yeah, so FIBO was originally developed to address this one single use case, which was to be a common vocabulary for regulatory requirements related to transparency. That's a huge ginormous area. And so what we've tried to do since then is drill down into some more specific use cases around representation of securities, for example, for specific kinds of standard reports and to address some of the requirements that have been coming out of both the EU and the US related to governance, data management, risk data management and vocabulary specific to those areas. The regulators are really demanding more and more transparency. They're looking for additional features in some of these ontologies so they can cover things like cryptocurrency, hedge funds and how to address short selling, and even some of the more nuanced implications that have shown up recently in issues like that brought on by Archegos Capital. And so establishing a common way of talking about these instruments, their behaviors, who the counterparties are and how broadly their exposure extends, which is the piece we'll focus on in a couple of challenges, is really the primary use case for FIBO. And for those of you who aren't aware, there is new legislation, relatively new coming out through Congress called the Financial Transparency Act, which actually mandates the use of ontologies to enable consistency from the regulator's side of the equation. And I suspect the regulators will pass that on to all of the banks that they regulate, so stay tuned for that. Next slide. Okay, so what is a pattern and what is it that we're talking about here? First, financial instruments are really, really complicated and the relationships between them are really, really complicated. And so if people are talking about a graph and graphs as used in machine learning and other kinds of applications for various analytics, what you're talking about is really an arrangement, a pattern is an arrangement of the nodes and the edges in that graph. From an ontological perspective, and now when we're talking about a knowledge graph, we're talking about reusable arrangements of classes, relationships between them, some of the specific individuals that participate in those relationships, and the logic that hooks it all together in that knowledge graph. And so that is the structure we're building, the sort of the schema for the knowledge graph with respect to the ontology, so that the data that is implemented in that knowledge graph is navigable in a variety of ways to help manage that complexity and to help answer some of the questions that the regulators are interested in. And many of the patterns we'll talk about today are common. Professional data modelers will find many of them very familiar. As it happens, a lot of the people working in knowledge graphs and machine learning are not familiar with some of the patterns that professional data modelers know. But there are also patterns that are much easier to implement in a knowledge graph than in relational and multi-dimensional databases. And so we'll talk about one of those in a few minutes. Next slide. So there are two sort of kinds of patterns that I'll talk about today. The first group, or what I'll describe as simple patterns, many of these are things that data modeling professionals are already familiar with. Things versus strings, which is a pattern that has been around for many, many years predates the internet by at least a decade or two. Assigning names to things, how do we do that and how do companies deal with name resolution, but not only companies, but the regulators that are interested in rolling up data across companies, how do they resolve names? Whether it's for a customer 360 application, know your customer as Dean mentioned, other kinds of risk analysis required for banking, understanding the names and how they relate to one another is a huge problem. And then identifying things and identity resolution is even more challenging than name resolution as it happens. Relating codes to things, relating classifiers to things, putting things in buckets, using the NAICS codes, for example, describing who an organization is or what bucket they fall into, all of those patterns are patterns that we implement in FIBO. And I'll talk about a couple of them now. Next slide. So first, let's start with a pattern that we call things versus strings. And from a knowledge graph and graph perspective generally, Google popularized that term in about 2012. When they put together their knowledge graph group internally with a goal of providing much better structured information to their community or to anyone using their tooling, better than just a list of links. So what you see in the center is the list of links, if I queried about Charles Saunders' purse. And on the right, what you see is what they call a knowledge card, the information about purse that comes back from their knowledge graph about him. Next slide. So the knowledge graph itself isn't just strings, it's pointing to real things in their graph that in turn point to other things. So the notion of somebody having a biography, of having a date of birth or date of death, of editing certain materials, of authoring others, of influencing certain people who then influenced other people, of studying at certain institutions. There are references under the hood in the knowledge graph about each of those things. Next slide. So what that looks like, in fact, under the hood is you have a link perhaps to the biography of purse that's in Wikipedia. Or you have links to the actual bibliographic references to the things that he edited or to things that he authored and links to knowledge cards for the people he influenced and for the university he studied at. Next slide. So taking that to the next level, inside of our standard for industry, looking at how we name things that people can use across organizationally. You could represent somebody's name as a string. You could look at the legacy ways people describe other people, like having a first name and a middle name and a middle initial and a surname Dean and I can tell you at nauseam how many bank databases we've looked at that include all of those elements, making both of us crazy. And their names differently and they have different shortcuts for referencing all of them and, you know, how do you know what prefixes preferred under what conditions. Does everybody have a first name people in Indonesia only have one name they don't have a first name or a last name. Is their middle name repeated they have more than one middle name I happen to they have a middle initial which which middle name is it an initial for is their last name hyphenated do they have multiple last names as of when. My married name count in my name my whole life, because, you know, there are all these kinds of questions that you have to be able to answer. And so what we've created is a pattern for representing names so that you can point to the right elements, depending on what you're trying to integrate or more importantly what your research requirements require so next slide. So the pattern that we're going to show you is one that we are still back filling in FIBO. And what we've done is we created sort of a structural name that name may have an applicable date period it may be used in some context it certainly should have at least one source. And it may be a legal name, a familiar name, a sorting name, the structure of the person's name needs to include for both cultural sensitivity and for search capability, both a family name and their full name. But having all these other sort of legacy prefixes and surnames and and first names and middle names doesn't necessarily serve us well over time. We can include legacy names, but the primary structural name should be one that's culturally sensitive and that we need to use across a bank or a set of banks or through the regulatory process and so on. And the pattern for representing names for organizations is similar. And one thing to note is that the pointers from our contextual name go from the name to the thing that they're naming, as opposed to the other way around and we use inverse relations to infer that a person has a certain name, or a sorting name, rather than stating it overtly, so that we can map and integrate multiple names from multiple sources at the same time without any conflict. Next slide. So another similar pattern has to do with identifiers and identification. And this is one that should be familiar to most data modelers and to other folks that have used some of the metadata standards out there like ISO 111 79. An identifier identifies something, not the other way around. We are not born with social security numbers they are given to us at a certain point in time by a government agency. Structured identifiers including those that are composites, for example an ISIN, which is an identifier for a financial instrument, includes a country code, whereas an MSIN or the national security identifier does not include the country code. So you've got structured identifiers, you've got unstructured identifiers, some of them are registered with a registration authority, many of them are defined in certain schemes. And identifiers are things themselves and we can layer these patterns and use the elements that are appropriate for the kind of identifier we're talking about. Next slide. There we go. So here's an example. Earlier in the talk Dean mentioned the LEI data. This is data about legal entity identifiers that's published by the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation and represents an ISO standard for representing identifiers about legal entities. So Citibank National Association is identified by an LEI. Banks and regulators require LEIs to identify the counterparties in financial contracts. So you can see here from a search on the glyph site, the legal entity identifier for the glyph, but not only is it an identifier, it includes their validation sources, which dates it's valid for and other information about the entity that are important for validating who they are. The search on the glyph website is powered by ontologies that were derived from FIBO originally and then enhanced and made standalone to support the glyph processes. And there's data for, I think it may be now 1.7 million records available on data.world using those ontologies. So next slide. So here's the example for Citibank using our structured approach. So you've got Citibank National Association, the identifier identifies Citibank. It's used for the inverse and the identifier itself has the tag you saw in the prior search. It's used in context of some data store or regulatory repository and the source for that is the glyph foundation. Next slide. So we also want to talk a little bit about some more complicated patterns. Some of those you'll recognize, but the final one I think may be a little more than most people have seen before. So associating parties with the roles that they play, applying the identifier to the right element, whether it's a party or a party in the role that it's playing. And then situational analysis linking those parties and roles to patterns that are time bound, which is the important pattern that we want to share with you that has been something we've developed in FIBO that we think has pretty widespread application. Next slide. So the party role example is one that I've seen in many, many recommendations for professional data modeling and representation. We use it in FIBO as well. So a legally capable natural person, which is someone who can enter into a contract is a person and is a party in our model. A legal entity is an organization and is also a party. And a party that is a legal entity might play the role of a regulatory agency, might play the role of a financial institution. And in the case of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, play both roles, depending on what it is that they're doing in the moment. We can associate identifiers with better semantics with either the party or the role that they play, depending on what is important for the use case. With respect to things like identifying institutions that are counterparties to financial instruments, we care about multiple things. We care about the LEI that identifies the legal entity. But we also care about the FDIC certificate, the bank routing number, the charter, and other identifiers that are associated with the role of being a depository institution or being a brokerage or being an investment bank. And those identifiers are associated with the roles so that we can then roll up roles for an organization that plays more than one role and understand how to then roll up and do analysis over the risk involved in some of the relationships that they have. Next slide. So the point that we wanted to get to is that some relationships are a little more complicated. So a situation is a setting, a state of affairs, or some complex relationship that is probably stable for some period of time. And examples of these relationships that are important for counterparty analysis include ownership, control, possession, which might or might not imply ownership, affiliation, beneficial ownership, board membership, and the like. And so analysis of patterns that fall into this camp allows us to traverse those relationships and understand not only who is who, but who owns who, who might know who, who might have influenced who, who trades with who, and so forth. And because many of the institutions that we're talking about have thousands of legal entities, rolling that information up to understand the overall risk that a large institution has is not for the faint hearted. And so understanding these patterns and using those patterns as the basis for machine learning or other rule analyses allows us to do a number of things, including explaining the results you get from those analyses, which is a difficult task at best. Next slide. So ownership is one I'll use as an example and how can we better represent ownership. I might know that there that some holding company is an owner of something and one of the things that they own is an asset, which is a financial institution. But how do I connect that to all kinds of other evidence for that ownership and the period of time for which it is applicable. Next slide. So for FIBO, we've established over a number of years, a basic situational pattern. So what that means is that you have the party that is playing the role of some actor or undergoer in that situation. All situations have actors, not all situations have undergoers. And those situations hold during some period of time, and they may or may not have other information provenance evidence associated with them. Next slide. So now we're going to add a layer on top of that and we're going to use a technique that's unique. We believe to the knowledge graph approach that we've taken and to the languages that we use for knowledge representation, including property chains. And what you see on the diagram are these connections for more complicated properties that associate with the situation. So if I want to go from the situation directly to the bank or to the legal entity rather that participates in that situation, I can use this has active party property, exactly a chain of has actor chained with is played by in order to give me the connections through that situation of who the legal entity is related to that situation. And on the other side, if that situation applies to something like a contract or to some party that I can go the other way and say, well, I want to know who is experiencing this situation by chaining where the other has under go or with his plays by and we can do the inverse as well. So each of these sets of properties are inverses of one another. They all connect through the situation, so that we can actually connect the dots doing complex queries, and other analyses over the knowledge graph. Next slide. So here is an extension of that where we've added even more property chains so we can go from the party on one side of the situation to the party on the other side of the situation through that situation linking all of the dots. And so the actor in the situation might act on the undergoer and vice versa the undergoer is affected by the actor. And those are each property chains. So actor to undergoer is the chain of axion has undergoer and so forth and you get the idea. So now let's go on to a little bit more complexity. So suppose on the next slide we want to then go the other way from the from the party from the individual legal entity or person to the thing that they're affecting through that situation. And so again, we've created a series of property chains that actually go all the way around the pattern from, for example, from the party that is the person to the actor that, which is the role they're playing to the situation they act in to the undergoer that is the under the other party and the situation and there may be more than one undergoer to the role that undergoer is played by to the individual that undergoers is representing. And so that particular chain we call plays active role that directly affects and there is an inverse chain which is experiences directly that goes the other way around the mulberry bush. Next slide. So Lisa and Dean just a heads up we have a couple more minutes until our scheduled Q&A time. Okay, so ownership back to that the way that we use these patterns ownership could be partial. It requires evidence. It might be beneficial through a broker or custodian that tends to obfuscate who the owner is and ownership structures are layered through subsidiaries. And so having a graph structure that allows us to understand who the owning party is who the what the owned asset is who owns it and and what it is an asset of all those relationships are actually properties of that pattern I just shared with you and combined with entity and identity resolution. We can actually put those things together to identify who owns who who owns what and help people roll up risk and this is the most important take away from the slides. And so now let's go to an example really quickly and then we can get to questions the next slide. So this is an entity ownership in FIBO and this is an image from protege where we've actually run the reason or to get some results we can share with you. It's it's sort of eye candy at this point but you can look at it offline so has owned entity is a property of the chain as I mentioned has owning entity is a sub property of the inverse chain. And so we connect that to this concept of entity ownership. Next slide. So here is an example for city for city bank National Association and the inferred relationships fill in some of the blanks. And so we can see that city bank National Association is in an ownership relation with City Corp LLC. And we can also add the fact that their ownership percentage is actually 100%. And if we had built out the example more completely we could actually show the link to the contract that is evidence for that relationship. Next slide. So now because of the way that we've implemented this in that graph using that pattern, starting from city bank National Association, we can see when we describe city bank that C Corp LLC is their direct owner. But we can also get through inheritance through that pattern. The city group bank is actually their ultimate owner. And we've inferred that through the pattern that we just shared with you which means we can roll up ownership for the 3500 or however many more than that legal entities that city group ultimately owns. Next slide. So finally what we wanted to let you know is there are a number of these patterns in FIBO what we shared with you is just the tip of the iceberg. We're really hopeful that you can look at the slides and then think about it for a bit. Download FIBO if you like and then ask us all kinds of questions so we can point you in the right direction. And just want to thank you all for being with us today. That's great. Thank you so much, Lisa and Dean. Let's dive into some questions. We have several. The first one here is from Abishak Agarwal and says, What is the process for ongoing maintenance and distribution of FIBO? Who are the stakeholders involved in the maintenance of this ontology? If regulators request for a change or update, how and where to submit that request? And I will tell you that Pete Rivett popped into the chat as well and gave the link to the GitHub repo and also a link to some resources on the EDMC website. But I wanted to ask this question anyway and see if you had any advice for perhaps business stakeholders within organizations that may not go straight to GitHub. Is there cultural processes in place if an organization wants to make this kind of request? There certainly are. So I'll start and then I'll turn over to Dean. So the first from a regulatory or any organization, whether it's Citibank that doesn't like the way we've represented them or some other bank that has a use case they needed to solve. There is a process they could come through the EDM council. There are links on the council website to the FIBO working groups. There is a link to getting involved. They can find us through that process, but also they can raise issues either in GitHub or simply send them through the council for us to address as a group. And if they want to participate in that, the more the merrier and we welcome anybody who wants to join us. And Dean, you want to talk a little more about the specifics? Actually, no, because I feel like Pete covered that really well. So I want to thank you, Pete, for doing that. And I think we should probably move on. Okay, okay. Next one up is from Dominic Ebeling. Dean specifically, he wanted to ask you FIBO is an offered recited example at EDW. Are there models for other industries with similar reach? I don't know about similar reach. I think FIBO is being part of the most ambitious project of its kind that I'm aware of. However, it's worth pointing out, for instance, there's a whole set of projects that go into the name OBO, the open bioinformatic ontologies, and inside of OBO. OBO is a lot of similar projects. There are projects that are actually very similar to FIBO in terms of their goals. Exposure ontology that is used inside of OBO to coordinate data sets that drive things like toxic exposures or infectious exposures. The EDM council itself is branching out into other areas. And so we've recently started an effort to work on an ontology in the automotive manufacturing industry. And if anybody listening is in or interested in that industry, just as Alisa said with the working groups that she has been leading inside of FIBO, the automotive industry working group is quite interested in having industry experts either from individual companies or regulators come in and join us. And if you're interested, contact us and I'll get you an invitation to that. But it's also worth noticing that a lot of ontologies that play this role show up guys of some application. So an example of that is, for instance, there was a project that the European Commission sponsored a few years back called Open Facts. Now, if you look at Open Facts, it does a whole lot of things. There are third party applications built on it, had a whole API built on it. And one of the many things that Open Facts had in it was, and to some extent still is, Open Facts is kind of distributed how it's being managed nowadays that the EC funding is ended. But there is an ontology in there that talks about what are the things not strings in all of these data sets? How do they relate together? Basically, like any of the diagrams that Alisa or I showed where we had some diagram of how things relate to each other that you could use to reference other data sets. And a big part of the Open Facts work was doing that mapping as well. So often you don't see these things advertised as ontologies like FIBO does. You see them advertised as knowledge graph applications or data services and the backbone of them actually is an ontology. Possibly with the similar ambition as FIBO, but it's not presented that way. But yeah, there's a couple others there that I've just mentioned. If you go hunting, you'll find some more. Yeah, there's two others actually that I'm familiar with. One is going on at OMG now in retail. So the National Retail Foundation, which some of you may know of, which is the group that publishes Christmas sales, for example, were up 30% over last year or whatever it happens to be. They had a standards body called the Arts Council up until a few years ago, which they spun out to the OMG. So the Arts Council is now the retail domain task force of OMG. And they are in the process of building out a retail industry ontology sort of in parallel with FIBO and using some of the processes we've put into place for FIBO to replace their reference data model over time. Because it's dated, it doesn't reflect the current digital requirements that they have, and it's tough to revise it. It consists of over 31 standards and even more that they represent, but the reference data model that covers them is pretty brittle. And so they're replacing that with a retail ontology. The other group that I'm aware of is called the Industrial Ontology Foundry, or IOF, and that's in the manufacturing space. And NIST is sort of sponsoring that effort, but there are universities and manufacturers all over the world participating in that effort. And of course I'd be completely remiss if I didn't at least say the words schema.org in response to this. There's so much to say about schema.org and in what extent is it a response to this question and what extent is it not that I don't think we have time to get into. But it certainly has to be mentioned. It definitely plays in this space, although in somewhat a different way than we're describing here. But yeah, I simply have to say it. Otherwise, people would say, why on earth did you not mention schema.org in response to that? Duly noted. You have officially mentioned it. Laurel Schiffern wanted to know, in the financial industry, is there a good adoption of FIBO or are organizations creating their own ontologies? Yes. I say yes, and the jury is out. Yes, in the sense that Dean and I both are working with institutions that are using it directly. And there are others. I think Pete is working with at least one institution that's using it directly. Some institutions we're familiar with have used it for various purposes, like as a reference glossary or as a reference model rather than strictly for implementation purposes. But at the institutions that Dean and I work with, it's being used directly as a part of their knowledge graph. Yes, there's two ways. There's two ways we see this happening. When Lisa refers to directly, that's someone who actually is to some extent treating FIBO as if it were a regulation. You're saying, hey, let's start with this. After all, they did a lot of cool modeling work. Let's start with this and do this in our organization. But we also see organizations are going the other way around saying, well, you know, we really want to develop our own ontology for all the reasons that I talked about at the beginning of this talk. But this reference FIBO is actually pretty cool. Every once in a while we have some distinction that we're thinking about, and that's really where the patterns come in, about distinction. How do we manage? Well, one of my clients said, oh, we realize there's a difference in the thing called a role and the entity that plays that role. We need to model this. And then everyone heaves a deep sigh because they realize this is a lot of work. But they say, Dean, you know about FIBO. And I go, sure, here's what FIBO says about this. Ah, good. We get to advance past go now and collect our $200 because we've got this head start. They're not using FIBO lock, stock and barrel, but they're drawing upon it in this way. The other thing we should say, though, is that there are several regulators that have been poking around at FIBO and at least three that have participated in some of our working groups. And of those, the Federal Reserve in New York actually reached out to me recently because they're more interested in getting reengaged. The CFTC Commodities Futures Trading Commission is looking at using FIBO as the basis for a proof of concept to replace some of their integration challenges. The FDIC is also considering using it with respect to dealing with some of the challenges they have for data integration and there are others in the queue. So the fact that the regulators are starting to think that it is good enough for them to start working with has made all of us really sort of stand up and think, oh, okay, we're not so bad. Maybe we've done something useful. So not only is it useful for the institutions, but the regulators are starting to use to consider using it anyway as a lingua franca to work with those institutions, which is a very interesting thing. All right. Thank you both so much. I'm afraid we are out of time. There were a couple other questions we didn't get to, but the Q&A will stay active. So feel free to hop over there and engage after the session. Thank you, Dean and Alisa for this great presentation. Thanks to our attendees for tuning in for your engagement and your great questions. Please complete your conference session survey and the page for this session. That wraps up today's EDW conference program. We hope you enjoyed all the sessions that you participated in. You are welcome to continue networking with other attendees and speakers within the SpotMe app. And we look forward to seeing you tomorrow starting at 8 a.m. Pacific time, 11 a.m. Eastern for the last day of the 2021 EDW conference. Thanks, Alisa and Dean. Thanks, Eric. You're very welcome. Thanks all for joining us.