Hello and welcome to the video lecture on input and output devices. At the end of this session, students will be able to apply CAD fundamentals as well as advanced manufacturing technology to industry problems. The following topics will be discussed in this video lecture. Input devices, output devices, input devices. So what are actually input devices? So whenever we work with a computer, we need to enter data. Data may be any information and instructions to the computer using some devices. These devices are called input devices. These devices convert data and instructions to a form that can be recognized by the computer. So let's discuss some of the input devices, keyboard. It's the most commonly used input device. It allows data entry into a computer system by pressing a set of keys which are neatly mounted on a keyboard. It contains some extra command keys and function keys that affect the operation of computer or the keyboard itself. There may be various types of keyboard like a standard keyboard or multimedia keyboard or wireless keyboard. So what are the applications with respect to the CADCAM system? It may be used in the graphics like used to provide the screen coordinates, menu selection, gaming controls and for entering many graphics function. The second input device is the mouse. The basic principle on which a mouse works is that you have a ball and under the ball we have XY transducers which are fixed. So these are basically let's say X and Y variable resistors. As a result of this, if you move the mouse in X direction, the resistance of the X variable resistor will change. If you move it in the Y direction, the resistance of the variable resistor in the Y variable will change and the resistance is taken as the measure of the position of the mouse. Now let us discuss the third input device that is the tracker ball. You can find the tracker ball. The tracker ball is a ball which is there almost next to the keyboard. And you can change the orientation of the ball which changes the position of cursor on the screen joystick. I move the stick in either direction. The resistors fixed at the bottom, the resistance changes and their position can be seen on the screen. Now the fifth input device that is light pen. In a light pen, you have a light sensitive diode which is used to point onto the screen. From this pen, we can pick items from the menu. We can directly point your item on the menu and click that. Normally, if you have a mouse, you are moving the mouse on the pad or on a board. In this, you don't have to do that. In this, you just take the pen and point it on the screen and click it there. This basically works on a principle of sensing the light signal over there and current position of the screen is then sent back to the computer or to the CPU. The way it works is let's say we will be talking of raster graphics devices. In raster graphics devices, there is an electron gun which starts from one corner and spans the full screen like this at the rate of about 40 times a second or 50 times a second. It will be spanning the full screen which means the gun starts from one corner and goes to the right. Come back to the left corner again goes to the right. So the moment the light pen senses the light over here, it knows how much time lag is there between starting point and this point. And that time lag is used to compute the total distance traveled and hence the position of light pen at that point. This is how the position of the light pen is sensed and fed back to the machine. This is the basic principle of the light pen. Now pause this video for a few seconds and try to write answer to the following question. What is a light pen? Is it a mechanical input device, optical input device, electronic input device or optical output device? I think probably you have wrote the answer to the following question. Output device as the word say output. Output devices are the devices to show output to the reuser. You may have heard about example like printer which is showing the hard copy or it may be your monitor. So these are the output devices. So let us today discuss about the plotter as the output devices. A plotter is a printer designed for printing vector graphics. Instead of printing individual dots on the paper plotters draw continuous lines. This makes plotters ideal for printing architectural blueprints, engineering designs and other CAD drawings. So we will be discussing today about two types of plotter that is flatbread plotter and drum plotter. Flatbread plotter. In a flatbread plotter we have a table on which sheet of paper is fixed. Now on this sheet of paper we will be having the pens, set of pens. You can see the pens are mounted on the corner. The pens can move in the x and y direction. So the pens will be mounted on a carriage and they can move in x and y direction. The paper is fixed. So if you want to make a drawing of a A4 size we will take a paper of A4 size, fix it on this plotter and the pens will move in the x and y direction. For moving the pens in the x direction we have a x drive motor. And for moving the pens in the y direction we will have a y drive motor and as the pen is moving we need a mechanism to either lower the pen for drawing it or to raise it so that no line is drawn during the motion.  So in this case essentially a paper is fixed onto the table and the paper can move in the x and y direction. So let us discuss the second type plotter called drum plotter. In the case of a drum plotter we have a drum. On this drum the paper is fixed. The paper can hang on both the sides and the paper is fixed on this. The drum can rotate by the rotation of the drum we get the motion in the y direction and the pens can move in this direction. So x direction motion. So the x direction motion is given by let's say an x drive motor and the y direction motion is given by the drum motor and of course we have a mechanism to raise and lower the pen. The basic advantage of this drum plotter is it takes less space and the total moment of the pen is much less. And typically these plotters are faster. The disadvantage is high cost and high cost of maintenance. Following are the references. Thank you.


You can send a lot of light through human bodies.  You can also see that the light is predominantly red, and that turns out to be important, because not only is human flesh, it also has color. Most of the color from human flesh comes from hemoglobin, which is the red mixed inside blood. And hemoglobin has a few different forms. One of the forms is oxyhemoglobin, or oxygenated blood. One of the forms is geoxyhemoglobin. They have different absorption spectra, which is to say that they absorb light at different rates, at different wavelengths. Specifically, if we look at 6669 meters, there's the largest difference between the oxyhemoglobin absorption and the geoxyhemoglobin absorption. And over by 800, the absorption is almost even. So this device that we have here has two LEDs on it. One is at 6669 meters, plus one is from the LEDs, and not single wavelength devices. The other LED is at 850, which is close, but not exactly this whatsoever isospecific point. Using those two wavelengths, we can measure the color of the blood in a person's body, and color is another way of saying oxygenation. So we can measure or approximate the oxygenation of a person's blood. And because light passes through human tissue fairly well, and because photodetectors, especially photodiodes, are very sensitive and linear, we can do this over moderate distances. So this device has a distance between the emitters, the LEDs, and the detector of about three centimeters. So three centimeters from here to here, which means that on average, a photon will penetrate about one and a half centimeters between two persons, which gives us the surface of the cortex. Blah, blah, blah. The oxygenation of blood in the brain is useful because it's a good metric for overall metabolic activity. When energy is used in the brain, that causes more blood flow to come to that area. The mediating factor in this chain is actually carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide increases blood flow. So when you use oxygen that produces carbon dioxide, which causes more blood flow to the area, which causes osteoporosis in the brain. And this is the principle behind fMRI, which is the most commonly used imaging technique in our science today. So it's a very well understood mechanism. The point of doing this is that when you're doing these measurements, you need them in real time. And given real-time feedback about Cindy's body, most people can learn how to control that signal. And this applies to many different types of signals. This applies for heart rate, this applies for skin conductance, how sweaty your palms are, if you're told in real-time, how sweaty and how largely conductive your skin is. You can learn how to control that. You can also learn how to control your finger temperature. And as it so happens, you can learn how to control brain blood oxygenation as well. It's not too hard. About 60% people can get decent control of the brain blood oxygenation within a couple of weeks. But their 40% should take a few hours of practice if they all see what you're doing. So what we're seeing here is my diagnostic software written in Python, of course. It shows three signals. There are also some other signals down below, but they're not as important. The middle one is the infrared signals. This is the 850 ampere light below we have the red. And the top is the ratio of these two, which gives us an oxygenation metric. And as you can see, there are a lot of spikes in the red and big red signals. And that's because he's not dead. Specifically, his heart's still weak and doesn't have those mechanical hearts that are at appropriate pumps instead of listening pumps. You can also see that there are some long-term changes on the order of blood blood birds. Those are called myer waves or basal waves. And those are variations in blood pressure that are mostly or sort of indirectly influenced by reading in some complicated ways. You also see some large spikes. Those are motion artifacts. So if you move your eyebrows, there'll be some large spikes that will be very short in transit. These large spikes and these myer waves show very well in the raw absorbance or transmittance data, but they don't show very well in the ratio data of the oxygenation data. And that's the main point of taking that ratio. Total blood volume is really interesting and a great thing to measure, if you can measure it, but it's hard to measure because there's a lot of noise sources that influence that. But most of the noise sources that influence each of these raw readings influence them equally, and so don't influence the ratio very much. So one of the cool things about this program is that what it's actually doing is taking the text in this box and evaluating it, bringing eval on that text with a set of local and local variables. So if I do this, then all the values get divided by 20. If I decide that I want to take the square root of it, I can do that. If I want to normalize it, I can do that too. So this didn't actually change on the shape of the graph, but if you looked at the left side, you'd see changes on the axis. We can also normalize this, and we can see two and three. We can overlay them so that they're both on the same graph. And these graphs are just the WX Python plot widget. So there are a few things I've added to our right clicking and stuff like that, but all the graph is done by WX Python. So the graph is actually, oh, and that WX Python widget uses numpy as a stack, and so it's relatively fast. We can do 100,000 point graphs without too much trouble. So, yeah, if we want, we can also clip, so we clip to 0.95 and do much. But you can do any kind of transformation that you can do in a single line with this program. That's really useful for debugging and for testing out algorithms. So because half of this is a hardware device and half of this is software, it's really annoying to program hardware. It's really annoying to program C++ or C for microcontrollers because the device that I'm using has four kilobytes of RAM and four kilobytes of long-term memory program space, flash space, and it's a 10-minihertz processor. So trying to program for that is a really restrictive environment, and it's much easier to practice my algorithm than to Python. And if I can see real-time feedback, that's quite useful. So, and see, I've got the code up here. Oh, and that program is open source. So, yeah. So this is basically the code that controls those graphs with that value. Is this the one size bigger? Yeah. So we create a dictionary for the local variables using the dictionary from one Python space as the starting dictionary. And then we just basically add a bunch of other variables with values based on that, as to see my convenience and then you can do calculations using all the facilities in NumPy in those single line things. So that's just my debugging program. There's also a lot of other stuff you can do with it. So the main software that I've written is designed to be easy to use and to give feedback in a format that's really easy for humans to interpret. And as computationally simple as simple numbers are, they're actually really hard for humans to repeat and to process code. It's much easier to process motion over a language statement, for example. So right now when your cerebral blood oxygenation is decreasing, it flies forward. And when your cerebral blood oxygenation is decreasing, it flies backward. We would take a massive GPU array with some really good algorithms to get it to process as an internal statement, but as simple as Python for humans. So if I want to think of something that really irritates me, do you see some change? That's a good question. Let me try to read it and read out a lot now. Take a deep breath. Breathing is complicated and it doesn't have the effects that most people expect it to have. It does have effects, but they're not. The frustration thing is more likely to have an effect. Frustration tends to... So right now we're measuring from the dorsal prefrontal cortex. There tends to be an antagonistic or inhibitory relationship between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, the lower down deeper emotional areas of the brain. So the limbic system is heavily active. That tends to shut down the prefrontal cortex and vice versa. That's likely to shut down the prefrontal cortex and make his limbic system more active. So that should tend to make a sickle decrease. That said, it's often hard to interpret things on a single trial basis.  I didn't think of puppies, unless puppies would be annoying. I didn't think of something that annoys him. Maybe rabbit puppies. And then average all those trials together. There's just so much variation in what's going on in a person's brain normally that it's hard to pick out a single trial of things. Usually what does activate this or make things go forward and make that graph on top go up is a sort of... Excuse my hand weakness, but a Jedi focus type, mind trick type thing. You have to use the force in a really cheesy way and suspend your disbelief about whether or not you can control your reality just by thinking about things moving and just willing to move. That tends to work more often than not. It seems that most people happen to a distilled concentration focus state that involves a lot of prefrontal activity and that state gets picked up and gets translated into forward motion. So when people concentrate and focus it's really hard for them to move forward. They tend to move forward. When they concentrate and focus, it's really hard for them to move backward and move forward. It doesn't care which direction you're focusing on. Just back your focus. Anyway, so this software took me a while to work this well because that landscape you're seeing is not real-time generated. It's basically an Abbey file and what I'm doing is I'm decoding one frame from the Abbey file and displaying it on the screen. When it moves backward, I see it to a previous frame. When it moves forward, I see it to a subsequent frame. I like to do things in a cross-platform manner. Cross-platform toolkits or libraries for decoding videos are either only C++ or C or lane. So I struggled a lot with different things to get that to work. There was a media control widget in WX Python which worked pretty well. It worked really well on OS X. It worked okay on Windows XP. Didn't work at all on Linux. And then Windows 7 came out and that widget for Windows used the Windows Media Player ActiveX control along with some a little bit of DirectShow stuff. And the ActiveX control for Windows Media Player version 10 and earlier would display frames if you had a view pause and you see it, which was perfect for you. And in Windows Media Player version 11 and later, it didn't display frames. So that stopped working with Windows 7. What I'm doing now is I'm actually using MPlayer as a separate process. You can communicate with MPlayer using a pipe. So I'm just telling MPlayer to get a pipe. Seek space X% whenever I want to seek to that position. And MPlayer can also, on Windows and I think on Linux or on Linux, they can display it onto any window handle they can display if they give to it. So I just give MPlayer a window handle on a startup. And MPlayer handles all the rendering and all the decoding for that new file. So this saves me from having to do any Direct3D or OpenGL code for display if MPlayer handles all the accelerations itself. So that works pretty well. But I can't do that on OS X because MPlayer doesn't know how to dump things into handles on OS X so I'll just platform like this.  Yes, yes. Yeah, so the idea behind this is that if you do biofeedback like this for a while you can increase your brain's ability to either do cognitive metabolic work or to have what's applied to that again. So on the left is before doing sessions with this instrument on the right is after, I think, 30 sessions. These are spec images or a single foot on computer photography. It's kind of like PET. It's an imaging method that uses a radioactive tracer. But instead of, well, that's complicated. What this does is it just measures where blood is flowing and how much blood is flowing to each area.  Yellow areas indicate average and red areas indicate red and white indicate above average. On the left you see the legend that did the standard mutations. So this is like a little bit over two standard mutations above normal. And as you can see, blood flow below normal, before roughly normal, afterwards all over, so there's still some areas especially in the anterior or single area that still have high blood activity and another person with a different issue. Similar things. A lot of the high blood activity, lower activity in the temporal regions was resolved after doing, I think this is more like 20 sessions. So whether this actually helps people in long run with whatever they want to be helped with is still technically up for debate. There's been a lot of data that's been collected on this question.  Most people who've been doing these with my grandfather have not been like to live in control groups because doing so is expensive and complicated. So it's hard to say whether it works from a purely scientific perspective, but it's promising. So that's what we are now. How does it come back to the traditional EMR techniques? So this is what we call near infrared imaging. Near infrared spectroscopy is for functional near infrared spectroscopy FNERS. So MRI has a few different gradients. There's the standard structural MRI technique, which just gives you an image of the shape of the brain, where the cortex is, where the white matter is, how large the vegetables are, whether there are any novelties like scars or other things like that. There's also the T2 star wing imaging which gives you an image that's mostly structural and has a small functional component to overlay on it. So the T2 star wing signal gives you about 2% or so that the total signal has a functionally dependent component to that signal. So with that T2 star thing, if you take two images at different times and then subtract them, what you're left with is all this exclusively functional information. And that's the imaging method of the brain with a heat map on top of it saying area X of the brain is involved to the task Y. Now, fMRI requires a superconducting magnet and requires a few liters of liquid helium and many liters of liquid nitrogen. The instrument itself costs about $3 million. And what it does is it measures essentially cerebral blood oxygenation. The functional aspect of the T2 star wing signal is actually hemoglobin oxygenation. Oxo-hemoglobin has different magnetic properties compared to teoxygenation. So we're measuring the same thing. We're also measuring blood oxygenation but we're doing it through an optical method instead of a magnetic method. And that means that we don't need to go back to magnets which drops the price by, you know, a small amount. It also means that light's a lot harder to direct in a brain than our magnetic fields because human tissue scatters like tremendously. So it's a lot harder for an instrument like this to get good spatial resolution. It's quite easy for fMRI to get good spatial resolution to get spatial resolution between 2 milliliters or so. Sometimes as low as a quarter of a milliliter per box. And because of the light, I don't know, 4 centimeters or 4 cubic centimeters per box. Oh, and this also has much better temporal resolution. You can take as many samples per second as you want. Currently I'm taking 10 because I'm having to make it faster than ever. But fMRI is looking to sampling rates around. I've seen some newer stuff get down to about 200 milliseconds but traditionally it's about 2 seconds per sample. So when you have 2 second samples you have interesting issues with heart or pulse aliasing your sampling rates much slower than pulse. So we're going to take the sample at a different part of the cardiac cycle which is going to be you'll have some emotional compensation to choose and so on. So there's a lot of noise in fMRI data measurements. Not enough noise to make it not work. It's just an omnipresent issue back of fMRI.  Other questions? I'm basically done. So I used the NumPy main space as the initialization for the local variables that I used for the evaluations. It's just to make all the NumPy functions easily available like side or potential. Is it different from NumPy and normal? No, it's not a NumPy dict. It's a regular Python dict. The contents of that dict are the NumPy dot underscore underscore dict very well. So it's just that's where I'm going to find my values for sitting into that dict. The underscore underscore dict underscore underscore property is the namespace for whatever module you're working with. So you can use that with anything else. If you just want to copy namespace or just copy that dict. It's also I think is returned by DIR. DIR space NumPy that will give you that dict or I guess actually it will just give you the keys for that dict but it's almost the same here. Other questions? Why are you doing this? Because I think it will help people and because it's cool. Yeah, that's the best way. So I purchased another headset called the Mind Wave from a company in Neurosky. It lets you go through a whole lot of fun things like you know you look at animals on screen and playing to shoot and things like that but I got out of all of that maybe within days I think it was interesting and now what I do is when I start to read I start off a journal over there and I am training myself to learn to focus better because I don't know how to quantify this but I just am able to teach myself to focus better. I look at the graphs occasionally or I set an alarm or something and what I have found is some 10 minutes after I have started to read is when I am able to really focus and what also happens is in case someone disturbs me it can take me a good 10 to 15 minutes to focus it. I'm sure you have already researched this. Yeah, so there's a lot of behavioral data on focus and so it's rich with interruptions and it also tends to show that after an interruption it takes usually 10 to 15 minutes or so before a person gets back into the task there's a lot of data that's specifically on programming too so one of the issues with programming is that it's a high working memory load task so you have to have a lot of your mind in order to program effectively you have to keep in mind several different local variables you have to keep in mind functions and a few different modules and it takes about a fair amount of time and as soon as you're interrupted all that stuff leaves your working memory and is replaced by, I don't know, cricket or whatever so then it takes another 10 minutes to get back in and if you're uninterrupted you can keep those things in working memory and actually get stuff done so yeah the neuro sky system is measuring brain activity patterns it's measuring the electrical activity and the electrical measurements that we make are actually a lot more indirect than metabolic measurements even though neurons are primarily electrical and blood flow is more of a secondary trait it seems to me that the blood flow correlates better with the overall the overall activity level of neurons whereas the electrical activity just shows patterns in the information flow so the reason for this just comes from the way neurons are shaped within the cortex so when a neuron receives information from another neuron you get an electrical dipole you get a current flowing in one direction at that neuron synapse and that produces a dipole that you can sense on any line parallel to that dipole so if you have one electrode on one side of that line and another electrode on the other side of that line you can see a voltage difference if under the hand your electrodes are oriented that perpendicularly to that line you'll see nothing you might also have other neurons oriented in the opposite direction so when they receive information they produce another dipole in the opposite direction if you put those two next to each other and you put your electrodes at some distance away on the skin you'll see nothing on average you'll see a very very small signal because they'll cancel out so when you do get stuff from neurons making it to the scalp in EEG what's actually happening is you have a large number of parallel neurons in one area all receiving information at the same time so it's the synchronicity or the synchronicity of information flow that primarily drives EEG rhythms and one of the most synchronous or one of the most synchronous sets of rhythms in brain activity are the idle rhythms so the largest rhythm that you see in EEG by far is the alpha rhythm the amount of time it takes for signals to go from the visual cortex to the switch yard of the brain the foulness and back is roughly 100 milliseconds incidentally the alpha rhythm is about 10 hertz so 100 milliseconds when the visual system is not doing anything and it's not processing information there's still a tendency for neurons to fire and the neurons will fire and send information to the foulness and then those neurons will fire and send information back to the cortex and this will go on and on for a while there's some positive feedback there so each time it goes through this loop the signal gets amplified until eventually you have a big sinusoid waveform going on between the visual cortex and the foulness and that only stops if you interrupt it with some chaotic high entropy data like looking around so if you close your eyes so that big rhythm is actually just pure brain doing nothing and the actual activity is what shuts down that rhythm so that synchrony measure though is still quite useful it tells you something about what the rhythms are in the brain and what kind of mental states going on which is why I can show some information about focus for attention so the neurons guys try to tap into that and try to distill some metrics that attract that that relate to that however those measures are or most of the other measures you can get with ED are hard to control because they don't map on to the overall activity of the brain it doesn't map on to our subjective experience of actually thinking we're doing some tasks as well and that's generalization but all generalizations are false but it also implies because I'm competing with NASA but this is not so with neuroscience and other EDG systems it's more of a brain state kind of thing that's getting into sort of a mindset or getting into sort of a mood with this with EDG or your input spectroscopy by feedback it's much more of an exercise it's much more of a pushing yourself to use your brain harder and to think it will harder than you normally do so they're very different systems Any other questions before I appear with you guys? You can ask questions if you want Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Those images cost about $2,000 each They were not taken with us That technology is a public spec it's commonly used for doing well it's not to back home movies but it's somewhat commonly used for diagnosing brain problems of race sorts So some people who have come to my grandfather's clinic for therapy have the money to give them $4,500 which is that sort of thing Is this a radioactive course here or an MRI? Are there radioactive places that are more costly than MRI? MRI doesn't use radioactive tracers MRI also doesn't because fMRI doesn't tell you overall activation levels they only make a difference in activation between two times between two times So a standard fMRI experiment will be take this subject in have them sit down have them look at words that are consistent with double letters so not actually real words but still consistent letters do that for 30 minutes and then just send them to a different state where they're looking at actual words that have letters in the right shapes and can be pronounced and been allowed and have meanings You take images from both of those to lots you send them together to take an average of them you subtract it to do some statistics eventually you'll get an image that shows you which areas of the brain are active in the experimental conditions for real words So that doesn't tell you about baseline activation and you just can't get that information with fMRI because you have to do that subtraction but it's actually you don't have to do that subtraction you get baseline activation levels so baseline blood flow levels and compare that to a population we can see what's hyperactive compared to what's hyperactive here and unfortunately it involves radioactive people very small dose it's very comfortable to and see it's comfortable to about like 500 nannies or something like that even 500 nannies and that's what we got that's the point there's the has the thing this is Geeks of RFS Geeks of RFS Yes, it's the password Req Geeks of RFS Yes, RFS Hello everybody My name is Laos Ma I'm a security researcher I'm an operation tester I'm also a developer of the security tool I'm a little intermediate


What's up everyone takedown here welcome back to another hockey card video today I'm going to be opening up some packs from the 90s. I have 90 91 upper deck high series 1990 score pack 91 score pack and a 93 premier OPG pack now I've already went ahead and taken these cards out of the packages So I don't actually have packages to show you guys what I'm opening and maybe for that Is because everything I get from the 90s always seems to stick together and it's hard to open up a lot of them are tamper proof So I ended up having to cut and open them that way. So that's why I don't have the packages to share But let's get right started Up first is the collector's choice And that looks amazing. That's a nice artwork card And that is the vancouver canucks checklist That's not too bad. I actually really like that card Next up we have a young guns for west waltz And since I have so much to open I'm just going to be trying to go as fast as I can Staphane Bodegard I'm butchering aims left and right.  Next I'm going to do the 90 score pack Up first we have steve conroyd Put it down for you guys can actually see Brent ashton schauber Don sweeney It's a nice one A nhl prospects for mario thier Probably butchered that Prospects for matt sudden I like that one Put that one aside nhl prospects for k whitmore And a prospects for west waltz. So I already have his young guns now. I have his prospects card. That's pretty cool. I like that Todd alec Jim sandlock A brett hall All-star card. I love that That one's awesome Igor larganov tony tante bob proberts And jeff norton Next I'm going to be doing the scored 91 pack First we have steven fin bradshaw I believe I just had his car for the 90 90 score pack greg brown top prospect for miles o'connor a basil mckray dave poolin alexander moginley ron hextall mark hardy brian fogarty rob rampage Let it focus here There we go brian mack lellen paul fenson troi crouter That's a nice one. I like the uh design of it there and tom chorsky Probably royally butchered that's And the last pack from the 90s is the 93 premiere opeachy pack that I have So up first is dino sin carelli Put a little lower so you guys can actually see Mike needham a jerry sledger a drake gray houseki ron hextall again That was a nice one. I like that. I like goalie cards.  I'm not familiar with that player and a star performers for mario lemieux So out of this this has to be the best card I also have west waltz top prospect and also his young guns and also a top press prospect for matt's sudden as well Along with a brett hall card, which is also going into my small pc I have a brett hall, but I also have a small pc of mario lemieux as well So i'm going to put in that with that one as well so for 90s packs I'm not really keen on them. I don't really care so much of them I purchased these it was supposed to be a mystery pack from ebay where they gave uh Pavel Burr cards, which I'll be doing that in a separate video sharing those cards I received but also for Random packs. It's just so happened that I got all 90 packs so For me, I'm not really keen on the cards from the 90s because opening up and open them opening them up now in 2020 They tend to not hold Well, most of them stick to the packs So it was very hard for me to do this, which is why I don't normally go for the 90s packs But I hope you guys have enjoyed this video. I'm gonna leave this here. Please take care. Peace


Who knows, maybe. We're back, we're live. We're here with Bert Lum, one of the directors of Think Tech, Hawaii, and also the director of open data, Hawaii Open Data, and we are so happy to have him because he is Mr. Tech on Byte Markets Cafe every Wednesday, 6.30 on HPR. What channel is it? HPR One. HPR One. We do from HPR Two to HPR One. Okay, the talk show now. It's 88.1. 88.1, yeah. So Ryan Ozawa and I, we still carrying the banner supporting tech. Bunch of geeks. Yeah, we have a good time. Yeah. Well, part of that is transforming Hawaii government, calling this show tech transformation, tech transforming Hawaii government, and in a way of some preliminary thoughts about that. We have talent here. We've been developing that talent for a long time, since Ariyoshi time. In fact, since John Byrne's time, and now we can finally come of age, hopefully knock wood, that we'll actually be able to use this talent in the community, make money, make business, make entrepreneur stuff, you know, make hits, but also in the government because the government needs us. The government needs tech, you know, what's his name, Abercrombie? What's his name? I remember him, I saw him last week. You know, he talked about transforming Hawaii government with tech, and that's the idea we need to transform Hawaii government. We have the talent, and the government needs us, and the talent is, you know, it all works so swell to give them opportunities and have entrepreneurs come together and develop software that can be used in the government, a fabulous thing. And you've been shepherding that, haven't you? Well, there's a number of initiatives that are going on that are exciting, and we've been trying to tell that story.  You have blue startups. You have Accelerate UH. You have Energy Accelerator. And they're all pumping out some pretty good startup companies. So that's a great program. And then, you know, in terms of the initiative that I'd like to talk about is something called the Hawaii Annual Code Challenge. Now, Governor Ige was involved with a couple of hackathons. And as a result of those hackathons, he saw how the community got together and got really excited and started to contribute in a form that he hadn't seen before in terms of innovation and just being creative and just coming up with ideas that weren't limiting by any sort of box that they might be put into. Yeah, we were there. We took some footage down there and we put it on OC16. But, you know, one thing that struck me, you've done a lot of programs for it. You do all these programs all the time. This one had real grit. What I mean is these guys were coming down. They were engaged. They spent a month. It's not a lot of time. That's not a weekend. It's a month developing these programs. The governor came down himself. He spoke of it. He was very encouraging. Did he wear short pants that day? I don't remember. No, I think Todd was going to wear short pants. Todd Nakapoy, the CIO. But they advised the governor to make sure that he at least wears long pants and a long shirt. And he spoke about how he was basically a techie himself. And this really was dear to his heart. And a lot of people came down. They actually engaged and volunteered their time. And government agencies came down and pitched them RFP-type projects so they could answer a need. I was very impressed with that. And then at the end of the day, after a month, you guys rounded everybody up again and see what we got here. And there was some real programs there that could actually help the government. Well, you brought up a good point. Now, hackathons tend to be only weekend events. I mean, they might be 24 hours. They might be 48 hours. But they're basically a weekend event. And oftentimes what happens at a hackathon doesn't really get further developed. Now, when I was brought into the planning committee for the annual code challenge, one of the things I suggested was that instead of doing a weekend event, they'd consider this 30-day event and allow people to kind of get their meat, get their teeth into the meat of the challenge. And the other side of it, which I think was testament to the folks over in the state, the ETS, the Enterprise Technology Solutions Group, what they did was they went out and actually solicited the different departments and asked them, do you have a problem or a challenge that you could pitch to this community of technologists, programmers, developers? And the answer was often yes, because actually tech can help everybody. Everybody has a problem that can be automated and the solution can be automated. And that's especially so in government. So there were probably something on the order of seven or eight departments that actually came in and did pitches. Public safety came in and did a pitch for OCCC. We had the Department of Health come in and do a pitch. We had the Department of A come in and do a pitch. We even had the folks from the city do a pitch on the age-friendly initiative.  And I think the audience really got into the different opportunities to maybe suggest something that could perhaps get implemented. When you say pitch, you know, usually pitch is the other way. You know, I'm the entrepreneur, I'm pitching, you know, my ideas so you can invest in my company. This is a reverse pitch. This is a pitch where I need something and see if your guys can help me out. And it was really interesting to watch that happen because a lot of those pitches, yes, somebody could help them out, somebody local, somebody here, somebody, you know, part of the organization. It was really interesting to watch. And the one I remember that you mentioned is the Department of Public Safety. I found that would be very interesting and I think the solution was very successful so far. Just to go into the detail of it, it seems that people have trouble organizing visits to the prisoners in the prison, you know, OCCC. And it's very hard to keep records about who's coming when and whether they're going to be there, not be there. Whether they're properly dressed. They're properly dressed. All the rules being followed and all that, you know, and it's been catch-us-catch-can for a lot of families that come and sometimes they can't see their loved ones. And so they needed a system. It was a really simple kind of solution. I mean, well, for a computer guy. A very simple solution for a big problem. And I knew when they spoke, they were very articulate to people in public safety, I knew when they spoke that somebody was going to belly up to that and give them a great solution. It was a database issue and a communication issue and it happened, didn't it? Yes. And so what we did was we had actually a couple teams propose something. So it was basically considered like a visitation app. And it was something that would be available online. And so they actually got recognized. They got some prize money. And what the state did to help further foster that was the code that we encourage all the teams to do is all open source. So what it is, is it's available for people to either further develop or take and run if it's ready to run. So what the folks over at ETS did was they took the code. They actually modified the code. They actually made it more functional. And they stood it up on some internal servers. So they have it running on Microsoft Dynamics. Actually running. Actually running. Within that month it was ready to go. No, no, no, no. No. The pitch was done, which you described. The teams had 30 days. They did a demo after 30 days.  Right. So that was a proof of concept early stage. And then after the event is when the state decides if they have the resources they can further move the application into an implementation. Effectively hire the team. Well, that's what I want to talk about about this bill that we have introduced to this legislative session. The 30 days and the original proof of concept, that was volunteer. That was volunteer. That was out of love. That's right. And really wonderful that you were able to get all the people to come down and do that. And great that you could have the engagement because you can't write code without talking to your client. Right. You don't have to find an interested party out there who will give you the detail of it. Okay. So the 30 days go by and then you want to get, you know, you want to go further with it. Right. And you need a special program to do that. Right. So once the demo day is done, what I call proof of concept, the proof of concept could take a number of different paths. Right. It could take a path where the state says, oh, I like this. We'll adopt it and we'll implement it. That's one possible. Another possibility would be, let's say the team really likes to continue to work on it. They want to work on it with, you know, no compensation. They are free to do that. They can continue to do that. A third option might be the department might say, wow, I really like to see something continue in terms of this development. So as one of the examples, the folks over at the Institute for Human Services, there was a pitch on homelessness. I remember that one too. There's some open source code that was developed. The teams got recognized. And the folks over at the Institute for Human Services are continuing to have conversations with that team to see if they can help further the development of that code. Now, in terms of compensation, that depends on what monies might be available to help pay for, I guess, or at least engage in a... Ideally, you know, the agency involved is the client, and the coders, the programmers who responded to the pitch are hired. I mean, up till now, I guess, they've been working volunteer in anticipation of the possibility that they could actually have an agreement about this and do it for money. I want to be careful about the idea of this sort of agreement with the government, because the government still has procurement of rules and regulations. How does that play in this case? Okay, so how this plays in this is that these open source proof of concepts, they're just prototypes, and they're prototypes to help further the potential for an application to actually get implemented. Now, in order to go down this timeline of development, you have to take this proof of concept, and then you have to further develop it into an alpha or a beta, and you could start to look at perhaps raising some money to actually get it to a prototype. Now, the government, because of procurement, they're not going to... This is not a process to circumvent the procurement process, but with a prototype and the potential to do a pilot, the government can then look at whether, through the pilot, whether it meets security requirements, it meets scalability requirements, it meets usability requirements. They can set the specifications for a potential bid. And set the specifications on the basis of the model that had been developed, the proof of concept that had been developed. And then they could go out to bid on whatever... So then they do go out, and they comply with the procurement code. Now, anybody could respond to that RFP. It doesn't have to be a team. It could be any commercial developing or commercial software company that might want to compete for that particular bid. So it still goes out to the community. But the guys who developed the concept in the first place would be a good and valuable bidder because they have developed the concept. Well, the thing that... And again, we'll talk about this in terms of the bill, but a lot of the teams that come into the code challenge are teams. It could be like you and me, Jay, we go in, we form a team. We already know each other. We may not be a business. We may not have the structure for how we want to go in and actually deal with government procurement. We don't have the... Let's say the backup resources within our organization to provide maintenance, training, support. So there is... That can be very onerous, actually. That is. And so we don't expect the teams to be ready to actually provide a solution to the government that requires all of those things. There are others that are out there that can do that. But what we want to do is we want to help nurture some of these teams so that they can get to the start-up mode and start thinking about how this process that they're going through could potentially result in them becoming a full-on business. Now, it doesn't guarantee them anything in terms of business with the state or the government, but it does give them a pathway to get further development beyond just... Because they've been successful in developing this proof of concept. They've been successful in responding to a pitch by the government. So now they've worked together. They've achieved something. And now what we need is a step here that will bring them together as maybe a potential business organization and develop it further. So as far as the program goes, we're familiar with accelerators and accelerators will... You have to go in and apply to an accelerator. You could be the early stage of a company and then you are in a situation where you have your chief technology officer, you have your chief executive officer and with that you start to form this business. And then with the accelerator, the accelerator will help mentor you to not only set up your business structure but to get your pitch down, to meet with investors, to meet with financial people, to just meet with the right people to give you a head start on how to take your business to the next level. That's the accelerators. Now in this scenario where teams are coming out of a code challenge that are interested in moving down this timeline, they may not be ready for acceleration. This may be even a pre-accelerator kind of program. And so the idea is we would look at HTDC, the High Tech Development Corporation to help set up a program that not only helps fund them to further develop their proof of concept but to look at what kind of mentoring or do some workshops around business 101. It's the perfect agency. You couldn't find another agency in the state of Hawaii as good and they have a long history with mentoring, a long history with entrepreneurship and acting as an accelerator, incubator organization. So you have a bill. Getting down to the bill. Well, it's HB 1329. So 1329, what it does is it looks at helping to set up a program just like we just described that is going to be resident in the High Tech Development Corporation. Okay. There it is. In HTDC. And we are going right after this break we're going to examine how it works, who does what and what's going to do for the developers, the community, and the state in general. That's Bert Lomb. He's a star at Stage, Screen, and HPR, Byte Marks Cafe. We'll be right back. Hey, has your signal just been taken over or am I supposed to be here? This is Andrew, the security guy, your co-host on Hibachi Talk. Please join us every Friday on Think Tech Hawaii.  Noon! ThinkTechHawaii.com. That's the show. Be there. I pity the fool who ain't! Hi, I'm Tim Appichella. I'm the host for Moving Hawaii Forward. And the show is dedicated to transportation and traffic issues in Oahu. We are all frustrated by sitting in our cars in bumper-to-bumper traffic. And this show is dedicated to talking with folks that not only we can define the problem, but we hopefully can come to the table with some solutions. So I invite you to join me every Tuesday this afternoon and let's move Hawaii forward. And I can never count. Okay, we're back. We're live with Pertlum, who is the, I guess, the star of Stage Screen at HPR, Byte Mox Cafe, every Wednesday at 6.30 p.m. Are we right about that? 6.30 p.m. HPR 1, 88.1. 88.1, yeah. It's the talk channel now in HPR 1 and HPR 2, yeah. Anyway, so you really are such a community guy developing. It's so important we do this. Let's talk about the developers themselves, the ones that emerged, because you had no way of controlling, just emerged in a sort of organic process in the Code Challenge, the one month long volunteer code challenge. And we talk about two teams, one with public safety and the other with homelessness. Who are these people? Well, they could run the gamut of students all the way to professionals. And in the case of the public safety app, they were students over at Honolulu Community College. And they were all part of a group that does a lot of the computer and networking, training types of classes. And they saw an opportunity to participate in this Code Challenge. Now, they must have had, like, 15 people on that team. Yeah, that's great. Yeah, and they all wore their same black shirt for him. Perfect, yeah, right. But then, you know, after the Code Challenge, a lot of their priorities weren't necessarily let's form a company. You know, a lot of them as individuals wanted to find jobs. Other types of participants were graduates out of Dev League. So Dev League is a boot camp. Talk about Dev League, what it is, what it is. Yeah, so Dev League is a 12, I think it's a 12 week boot camp for coders. So you can come in as a sort of a beginning coder and go through this boot camp. You get an expert coder, and then you get jobs. You come out motivated with that. And so the Dev League folks have been very supportive of these types of events because it, again, gives their graduates an opportunity to feel the real world challenge of putting something together that then gets judged by, you know, real judges, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. So there's the Dev League folks. And then we actually had teams that were consistent of professionals that are in the community that wanted to just... They're already doing this kind of stuff. But they weren't necessarily looking to form a business. Right. But they were... Right, right, right. And so it sort of ran the gamut. Now, we want to see if, you know, how do we come up with a program that allows any of these teams to potentially get further along the timeline of implementation. Now, this is not going to be suitable for everybody, right? Like we just talked about the team from Honolulu Community College. They may not have been interested in doing a start-up. Right, they're students. And maybe they're going to leave, go away. You can't assume they're going to stay together. But there may be that special case where the team comes together. They work well together. They want to consider the idea of forming a company. Even if it's just a small business, now there's, you know, the structure of small business. And we can help them. We can encourage them. We can make them more likely that they will do that. By the way, I want to add one other point about coding. I'm sure you code. Long ago. Coding is one of the most creative things that you create in another universe. Like building another alternative universe. And you're dealing with the symbols of the code. And you're inventing things. It's such a creative, innovative experience. You're inventing things all by yourself. Sitting there. I mean, the client says to you, I want this and that. But then you have to get there. You have to find ways to get there. And sometimes it isn't easy. You learn a lot in the process. And the big problem is you're living in your alternative universe. Do you want to learn more about this? Are they going to use this? Is this really comport with the need that was described to me? Or is this just going to get on the shelf and gather dust? And that's the big issue. And the problem to me I see is that without this kind of encouragement and incubation, a lot of these great ideas will go nowhere. And so this really helps. Not only those people, kids, whatever students or professionals who are doing it, but also the ideas and helps roll them out, preserve them for use in the community by the government. That's really important. Well, you bring up a good point, this idea of incentive. How do you incentivize people to be involved with this kind of a process? And you'd be surprised. Students would be incentivized just to participate in a program like this. There could be incentives just as a result of being recognized by the judges, like the governor. Incentives by seeing the application actually get implemented. There could be incentives. Great gratification in that. There's incentives in having a vehicle by which perhaps you could start a business. And this could help kickstart that effort. So there's a lot of different incentives along the way. And we don't have the exact formula for what would be the perfect thing to incentivize people. But what we're trying to do is create an environment where there's options that could satisfy some and satisfy others with other types of incentives. And the end game is can we help some of these teams and some of these proof of concepts actually get further down the implementation timeline. So the bill tries to look at establishing this program, put it in HTDC, have HTDC look at how they want to mentor these teams to move down the startup pathway to further developing the application. And then the hope is that ETS would look at the consideration of how would they build a specification around this prototype, whether it's a pilot or whatever, and then ultimately go out a bit. And the program might help them build that specification. Might help them shape what they really want. They're going to have both sides of the transaction, so to speak. And that you want to try to nurture as many flowers as possible to see which ones will continue to grow and bloom. And with ETS you can't expect them to do all the implementation. You can't expect all of these applications to be successful. But if you can get some of them that have the right elements to succeed then you have just a nice example of how this process that leadership continues to other people will do it too if they see a success. And the success is measured not necessarily in money, although money's nice. But in the success of the product, the success of the project. Another thing that I think is also beneficial is the departments that get involved they see how this innovation and the creativity that comes in as a result of the community it's part of the changing the culture of and helping them to see that there are other things out there that could potentially influence. This sounds a lot like your open data project. Yeah, so a lot of interesting things going on and I'm hopeful, I mean the bill has got its hearing on the house side with Mark Nakashima's Economic Development Committee It also went to thank you Mark, thank you for the support on this. And and Sylvia Luke's committee on finance it passed that just a couple days ago so now it does a crossover and now it will go to the senate side. So we're definitely tracking that and keeping people informed as to its progress. It's iconic in a way because it's the kind of thing we should do the kind of thing we've been waiting to do it's the perfect place for it to happen on HDDC and it's on hack annual code challenge. And the governor has already put a blessing on that. It's the information technology office is into it, ETS you call it. And it's ready we're at the crossroads where this bill is perfect. We must have this bill, I'm telling you. Well, and there's a couple other bills that are being marshaled through the legislative session. There's, you know, we talk about transforming the government and we are encouraging another one is SB 312 which tries to get agendas from board meetings and minutes to be done electronically as opposed to hard copy. And if it's in electronic then it gets out faster to the people that need to know about it. You mean we're not redoing that, Bert? There's a lot of work that needs to get done. That's the same thing making government work better. And you would think it's fairly simple to do but it takes an act of the legislature to make it happen. Why can't this get done without an act of the legislature? I think people tend to have a comfort level in the status quo. So if you're in a frame of I've done this way for the last X number of years, decades what do I need to really change?  And I think technology has the opportunity to speed things up make things more efficient but it does disrupt sort of that status quo and that's why I think there's some challenge I guess in terms of moving as quickly as we would like to. So we looked at the legislature for leadership as we have over the past as long as I've been following it. If the legislature blesses it it'll happen. If the legislature doesn't do anything it's much more difficult. So you're in the right place. So we had a special time, we have one minute left Bert. Well there's another interesting bill that's still moving forward, it's HB 1481 and it's all about blockchain. And blockchain got its popularity through bitcoin but it's an interesting technology that does the transactions and it sort of is a very secure way of monitoring a transaction that takes place. So there's actually a and it's moving forward to set up a small committee to actually study the opportunity that blockchain would offer the state and the bill identifies this committee and then it sets up a reporting back to the ledge next session on the opportunity for blockchain. So it's good that they're looking at some new technologies and how that might impact government and economic development in Hawaii. Bringing technology to government technology transforming Hawaii government and the guy at the center of that is Bert Lump.


I'm kind of angry at this lecture right now because there are so many cool things in this lecture. Oh my gosh, it's mind blowing. Arthropods. Arthropods are by far the most diverse group of animals. So they're protostomes, but almost 80% of all animal species on our planet are arthropods. So if you just think about that, it should blow your mind. Now, look at what we've got. We've got spiders, they're arthropods. We've got crabs, those are arthropods. We've got insects, arthropods. Now look at the breakdown.  So look at... You have other arthropods? Whoa, look at... So no, this was insects make up almost like way more than 75% of arthropods, but almost 75% of all critters are insects. That's incredible. This is a very interesting slide. Now, let's go look at different kinds of arthropods. We have the chelicerates, which are... They include spiders, horseshoe crabs are part of this group, scorpions are part of this group. That thing, which is like some sort of desert nightmare, and I don't know what that is either, but I think that's like a giant crab. No, that can't be a crab if it's a chelicerate. It's got to be some kind of spider. We're going to take a closer look at the tick, and I just apologize for this. I'm not a fan of ticks, but I need to blow your mind for just a second. Do you think that I've got my little pointer on the tick's head?  I don't like ticks. Well, that isn't the tick's head. I'm about to show you the tick's eyes, and it is going to creep you out. Do you see them? That's its eye right there. And look, here's another eye right there. That's its mouth. It has a specialized mouth.  Look at how he's standing.  I mean, a spider? I do not want to think about this too much, but if a spider is crawling on you, it, like you can feel it, and you get all ying ying ying. And the grossest thing about ticks is that they crawl on you and you don't feel it because they, I don't know why they're like slow and steady, and they just like stealth crawl. Ugh, ugh, okay, let's move on. How weird is this? I, millipedes, do not creep me out at all.  We had an exchange student from Japan, and you know, my kids were however old they were, and they're boys, and they're obsessed with anything that's critter-ish, and so we would go camping and we'd take her with us, and the boys would collect millipedes, because like millipedes are the coolest thing ever, and they're not dangerous at all. Sometimes they're stinky, they make a poison stink, but they're like these little round, funny caterpillars and they come out at night. Look at all those legs, like they're just cool, but millipedes are friendly. I never was quite able to convince Moino that millipedes are friendly. She was like, I don't think so, friendship only goes so far. She did the whole, when millipedes came around, but for me, millipedes are cool. Centipedes on the other hand, these are just flavors of arthropods. Centipedes give me the creeps. That thing, if I saw that in the middle of the night, oh, I can't even look at that thing. That's like centipedes make, and centipedes can bite, and they're more dangerous. So I feel like my little brain pathways have been wired that millipedes are friendly buddies. Centipedes can bite you and hurt you, so don't be friendly with centipedes, but ticks aren't friendly either. I don't know, it's interesting. What else, crustaceans? Oh, man, we could spend eight days on crustaceans, because they're incredible. Salabugs are the only land crustaceans. The rest of them live in the water. There's all sorts of parasitic crustaceans, including that one. Remember when we talked about parasites? I think we talked about the one that came in and pretended like it was the fish tongue, like ate the fish's tongue and then just became its tongue. Those are crustaceans. Barnacles, oh, jeez.   Okay, and then, of course, we have to talk about our insects. Insects are wholly incredible diversity. If insects went extinct, game over. We're done. Sorry, like, you're done.  If humans go extinct, probably all the other critters on the planet are going to be like, oh, hallelujah. Thanks for getting rid of those things. Those things were awful. I think this is the end of our, yeah. This is the end of our treatment of arthropods. It's pretty much a tragedy that we can't spend more time on them. But let's go ahead and talk about one group of deuterostomes, and that's the kind of germs.


Y Plattu Stryd Gwfnog Simon Lallong has condemned the killing of 12 people at the Qashay Sabonglai community in Kuru District of Joss South's local government of the state. A statement by the governor's director of press and public affairs Makut Machan in Joss quoted Lallong as saying this is when he visited the community to condole with affected families. The governor represented by the secretary to the state government, SSG professor Danladi Attu urged the communities to increase surveillance and intelligence gathering. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Carmen writes, question, I'm 55 now and I've been single for three years now and I have no idea what I want in a man. Thank you for sharing that. Well, here's what happens when people don't know what they want. They typically, what's the definition of insanity? Hmm, let me think, if I do the same thing over and over and over and over and over and over and over again and I expect different results, hmm, how's that gonna work for me? In fact, as Dr. Phil would say to you, Carmen, how's that working for you? I invite you to find out what you want and if you need help with that, I highly recommend reading the book, Are You the One for Me? Are You the One for Me by Barbara DeAngelis? This is a great book to help you figure out who and what you want. Definitely recommend reading that. Folks, relationships, here I pulled out, relationships are like a puzzle, okay? Here's a puzzle, 500 piece puzzle.  It's gonna require actually being compromising, having to give up some things.  That's why relationships are called co-creative, co-creative. This is why a great book to read by Gary Zukoff is called Spiritual Partnership when you can understand how to create, co-create a relationship together.  Men are supposed to be chivalrous and men are supposed to claim you and men are the leaders of relationship because men are supposed to lead because if we take on any responsibility in the relationship, their penis is gonna shrivel rough into because they're intimidated, blah, blah, blah, blah. I'm like, really?  Let me tell you something, ladies. Men are terrible leaders at a relationship. They're terrible leaders, partially because they don't do any studying of what it takes to be in a healthy, happy relationship. So the minute you give, you expect the man to be the leader of the relationship, you're giving your power away to another human being. That's not gonna work in the long run. Is this making sense? And by the way, why is the number one search term? Why do men goes? Why do men disappear? Why are men passive when they come on strong? And you want these people to be the leaders of your relationship? To me, that's the definition of insanity. Relationships should be co-creative, done together. Is this making sense? Is this resonating? Are you getting this? I hope so. All right.