It's DDK, I'm back today with another video. Shoes out to everybody tuning in. If you're a skunk, smash that subscribe button, give me a thumbs up, and do not skip those ads. We about to go ahead and get to this back. Guess what? In this video, y'all are not. Y'all see what time it is, baby. Y'all know what we about to do. We about to deliver that. If you don't like it, I will leave it in the left. You can be in the back seat and give it, give it, give it. We about to deliver that, baby. This order is a subway order. The order cost is $137.76, enough money to pay the rent. The estimated distance is 2.1 miles. We about to go a while in the cannon. Please don't talk about my blammy. And the estimated drive time is seven minutes. We about to get in it. The delivery commission is $7.38 cent plus the $17. We all see us pumping these colors. At minimum, we're gonna receive $24.38 cent, baby. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Give it a thumbs up, smash that subscribe button, give me a thumbs up, and do not skip those ads. We at subway right now. We about to go ahead and get this meal so we can get to this back. Let's go. We are here at subway, and guess what? They got a little parking meter.   You gotta be safe, man. You better be safe than sorry, baby. So I put that corner in that zone. We about to go in here and get busy right quick. Hopefully, they got us together so we can run up this cheddar. I hope y'all are off there doing better. You know what I'm talking about? There's a little ugly in here. How you doing, boss? So somebody here. Yes, sir. I'm gonna have an easy catering order to pick up. Oh, okay. Okay. I was confused. You got a different number, right? Different number. What's your number? What's your number? Oh, M-P-G-7-3-P. Okay. Oh, you picking up one, too? Oh, okay. He asked me for two para. Oh, that's what was going on. Sir, I take out the soda. Soda? Yeah. Just this everything for Tyler. Oh, you picking up for DoorDash? DoorDash, whatever. This one is called Delivered At. So it's like you pick up catering orders. Yeah, I pick up catering orders, too. Yeah. So it's a different platform. Yeah. Okay, let me put this in my car. And give up that. Signature piece. So that's for Magda. Gorski. It doesn't tell me the name, it just tells me the number. The number. M-P-G-7-3-P. M-P-G-7-3-P. All right, buddy. Okay, thank you. All right, you drop safe. Hey, look it up. It's called Delivered At. It looks like this. So, this one right here. This blue one right here. And all you do is you pick up big orders. Like this, you only pick up big ones. Oh, yeah? Yeah, you do gurney. You do here. They have Libertyville everywhere. It's DT, right? Yeah, Delivered At, yeah. Delivered At. All right. Look it up. All right. Yeah, yeah. See, for this order, I'm going to, maybe two miles? I'm going, hold on. You go to the 11th Street. Are you Chicago? Yeah, I'm going to North Chicago, yeah. It's the 11th Street in North Chicago. You know what I'm saying? Almost closed down, yeah. So much closed, but I go up close to Jackson and A-S-3, people to the 11th Street. Yeah, it's 2.1 miles. And then the minimum, I get 24-38. 24-38? Yeah. What? Yeah. Right here, so you have like the, right here you have the Delivery Cost, right? Commission, the commission's $7,038, plus you automatically get an extra $17, automatically. So you should just try it. You'll like it. Yeah, I hope so. All right, you drive safe.  Drink? Okay, I'll take it right here. Thank you very much. So you have a great day. Went in there and got busy. I'm promoting Delivered At, you don't like it, how am I leaning? It's like you can be in the back. Hey man, it's enough money for all of us, baby.  Come on here.  Unlock this, y'all. This is the one thing I can't stand about this car. It's like it only unlocks one door. So I'm gonna put this right here. Put it underneath so I can get busy. Drop that right there. Put this, lean that joint in. Right there, grab this. Put this right here. Turn it to the side. We in the game, Coach. Let's go. So guys, we just got done out of the subway. We about to eat for us. We got everything in the back. We got everything in the back right at 10, 10. I gotta turn the cam on so we can get busy, baby. It is only six, five minutes away, 1.9 miles. We about to go wild in the cannon. Please don't turn me on, my black man. So I'm gonna have to turn around. I'm just gonna head to the left right here, baby. We riding around the beginning. We gonna bump some music today, baby.  This is the first time I've ever bumped some music on a channel, baby. So y'all can see us bump some music. Let me find something for us. I gotta give y'all some, man. This is your favorite stuff. So I gotta bump this one time, baby. Let me make sure this joint ain't gonna move around. Hold on. It's my baby live, baby. I'm doing some miniature lives for y'all. Comment below and let me know if y'all liking these miniature lives. But I got this song for y'all. Y'all favorite song.  We gonna be there before time. I'm gonna put that Nick G on, baby. That Nick G, what are we gonna go with? That Nick G, I gotta go with that Nick G, remember. That Nick G, remember. This right here, this is probably one of the best songs that exist in our area right here, baby. This Nick G, remember. Let me fast forward that a little bit. Poppin' on mask on, man, I'm doin' it. I need a box of the bag, y'all. I leave these things to last long, back to the break. It's all gonna smash, smash.  I've been doing good, workin' on my demons. Turn this thing on my mask so I can't hear them screamin'.  Doin' some dicks. I had the hustle, back to the wall, assy knuckles. Oh my God, he was going crazy on that. We hear it, baby. Gotta turn that music down, baby. Turnin' on that camera. We are here to go with this order to get an order. This is actually going to a habitat of humanity home. They're buildin' a home right now, baby. So this is for them, people who build it. I shoulda got this out first, but this all good, baby. I'm gonna lean back, gonna do how we gotta do it. I spit that hot fluid, y'all already knew it. I be bumpin' music, why I'm on the ground to the end of the time. I will continue to see a shine, baby. They already gettin' busy. They buildin' this crib. One of our properties that we bought was the previous onies was a habitat of humanity house. But that's the one we end up flippin'. Hello. I have an easy catering order. Oh, there you go. Thank you, and you guys are paid and everything, right? Yes, ma'am. So how long have you been buildin' this house? You know what, this is like a humanity... Have you said it's humanity? Uh-huh. So, we're just helping today with deciding... Oh, okay. ...how long they've actually... They've taken to build the whole house. Yeah. You guys are doin' a good job. Keep up the good work. Thank you. I have a ticket. Thank you very much. I have to take a photo really fast and just... You don't need to spare it back? No, that's for you. All right, you guys have a good one. And it's just that civil, baby. We came and got it done, got it on the run. And we made $20 and $39 and minimum. So we can get more than that, baby. We never know. But from what I'm seein' it, it's probably not gonna be more than that because she said that y'all get paid already, right? So I'm guessing that she didn't tip us. I don't know what happened, baby. We ain't cap it. We ain't cap it. We snapped it, baby. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Make sure you lock in tomorrow because it's goin' back down. I told y'all. 2022 is still a bad season. We okay about gettin' more reason. I'll see you guys on next one. We go on, we go on. We floorin' you already know it. Did he came? And I'm on my way.


I didn't know we were going this crazy this episode.  That last episode, The Cringe Ventures, one of the best episodes. Dialogue heavy episodes are what I love the most. Listen, I don't care if there's zero action in the show for the rest of the entire series. That episode was not cringe, maybe you're cringe. Anyways, we're gonna do another episode today. Two Attack on Titan videos in a row. You know why? Because I don't know what else to react to today. And the episode's called Trader.  Who's a Trader now? I feel like everyone in this damn show was a Trader at one point. Let's get to it. Shit, I still have crust in my eye. Oh my god, hopefully that's not in the intro. Bro, I literally just rolled out of bed. Alright, let's do this. You know, you know how crazy it is seeing water on Attack on Titan? Doesn't that sound ridiculous? That's how amazing the show is. You see water, and you're so grateful. Oh. Haji, you're too kind. Most of the world gone. They didn't even know a world existed before this season. They thought the world was literally the walls.  Pause.  Okay, whatever, I'm gay, I guess. Haji needs to keep that patch on her eye. Dude, do you hear this remix of this song? Oh my god! It never ends, it's like every episode is a remix. Is this the sea mix? Because they're about to see?    Yo, I don't know what that was.  I don't know, maybe he's just got the loud pack. And he's smoking up a joint in the sky. The fat is joint imaginable, the founding joint. And I just realized in that last episode, the rumbling didn't play. So that's minus five points right there on the last episode. That's the only bad part about it.  Traitor, let's do this!  You're not helping us fight. You're sleeping, goddammit. I feel so bad for these forces.    It's crazy. Sometimes the little dudes, they have the biggest dick, so that's just this proof right there. Soda! Connie just says soda. Soda! Soda! Soda! Soda! Soda! Soda! Soda! Soda!  I swear to god, I'm not. Like, I'm not. But just seeing a black character in this show is just so different. Like, you're not used to it. So when you see him, you're like, is that the main character? But he's not.  I swear to god, I'll cancel Attack on Titan.  I'm totally against it.   I'll turn it to Al Capone. Huh, that's for sure. You don't know who Al Capone is? Look it up. Look at them all. Look at that, my dude. Hell yeah. Praise my dude, Onion. Oh, I love when Reiner talks. I get the biggest Stiffy. It's not even Pride Month anymore, and I still get a Stiffy.  Yeah, man, it's been a minute since Armin has had a plan. Come on, or we died for you.  There's no way getting around this.  This is interesting. It's like their comrades, but at the same time, they're not.  Moments like that, man. Oh, my God. Like, listen, man, I will take them talking to each other over action any day, and I love the action in the show. Don't get me wrong, but oh, my God, the dialogue, sequences like that. Is that what he meant? I'm just like you, Reiner and Aaron.  That was a beautiful scene. You don't have to tatakai, he said. That better be the English translation. I want to watch this in English one day, and if he doesn't say you don't have to tatakai, I'm gonna write a complaint. I'm gonna send in a carrier pigeon. I'm gonna send in Chantaro with a complaint to Japan. I'll mail him with a letter attached around his neck. We don't say the word fight anymore. We say tatakai. Reiner, you're gonna break my heart. This is so hard, man.  Like put yourself in their position. You can't blame them. I saw Titans crossing the sea. What are these motherfuckers gonna start swimming? Bro, if I see a Titan swimming, I might just cancel my channel.  I don't want to see that. I swear to God. How? How'd you see it? I didn't see it. Look at Reiner, dead Reiner, bro. Yo, Reiner got the mama milkers going on now. Hell yeah. I want to see these cities being pulverized. Why is the camera on them? Daddy?  Oh my God, I would. This would be the best day ever if you did this to me. Oh, no! Magato! Magato! Damn. See, she loved it.  You just made her cream, her trousers.   He loves Gabby, man. This is too cute. How does he remember all their names? I would never. Oh, my heart.  Oh my God, my God. We need you for president, brother. It's wrong to make you bear the sins that have passed due to your race. Reiner. Oh my God.  This is way too personal. When characters have moments like, yo, if he dies. Oh no, he's gonna die, isn't he? No one talks like this unless they have a bad faith ahead of them.  Does this show ever stop?  Arming the killer.  Embrace her inner killer. Oh my God, this town is goodbye. That's it. Birds! Chata, it's your family.  You're gonna be part of the ground soon. Oh, Floke needs to die, man. He needs a bullet, I said. Oh, don't play this music again.  Don't do this to me. This is the Grisha Yeager screaming music.   People in my apartment building probably think I'm just shooting some crazy porn in this room. Well, I am. As much as I hate Floke. He's sexy as hell, man. Yo.  Oh my God, I see what you're doing, Armin. You're playing like you're part of the team. I see you. When did he get a black horse? I don't remember him. That's right, lie. Lie, Armin. Lying gets you everything. Lie, buddy.  You should have went to... You should have become an actor. This is Linkin Park? Bro, my heart is racing, dude.  I'm sorry. Oh my God, this is crazy, man.  They're comrades. I don't trust these motherfuckers.   The music rising? This show is no miss, man. No miss is not at all. How did he think it is this fast, man? Telling you all Japanese people, they are something else. Yo, how many times is he gonna say that?  They are shitting the films. Oh my God!      A demon slayer fire? Damn, man! He's a titan, okay? But we haven't seen him transform since like episode two or three of the season. And that was like the first time we've seen him transform at a second time. But we haven't seen him like this.   Tupac over here. Oh God, now they're playing the piano. I didn't know we were going this crazy to step this up. Oh my God, why is he up?  You better stop that right now before you get too crazy with the CGI. You better stop, bro. You were doing amazing this episode, please don't do it again.  Do not do it. I swear to God, man.  Oh my God, this is amazing. I have to do this. Okay, okay. I say this a lot.  That's insane. Dude, dude, like every episode has a scene that goes in my top 10. This scene was insane. Ducani's performance. Armin even showed Beetlejuice. This show does a thing where you know they're Titans and they're not gonna die, but you still get scared because you never know. But the way Armin was just staring out to the sea while Connie was killing them and then Connie just screaming in the air, shaking and shooting the guy like three times out of emotion and just being so jaded mentally about all of this. Annie and Reiner in the sky like this.  This is gonna be crazy this next episode. I did not expect this. They better not show that CGI Reiner again. I'm warning y'all. I'll send Chantaro with a message around his neck to Japan saying y'all better stop doing that. I'll do it. I'll buy a big S package just for Chantaro or I'll mail him like that. Anyways, guys, let me know down below what you thought of this episode, what you thought about this scene with Armin and Connie. Connie given one of the best performances in the show so far, the emotions. Just them not knowing what to do.  They're on different sides, but they still were in that same, the survey corps are just in training together. It's just such a beautiful story. It's so confusing, complicated. I mean, not confusing. It's just a complicated subject. Let me know down below. But other than that, I am gone. I need to recover from this. Goodbye.


A Bose-Einstein condensate, BEC, in a ring trap is proposed as a quantum device for measuring two-body interactions, scalar magnetic fields, and rotations using an imbalanced superposition of orbital angular momentum modes with opposite winding numbers. An analytical model is derived relating the angular frequency of the minimal density line rotation to the strength of non-linear atom-atom interactions and population differences between counter-propagating modes. The system can be used for sensing purposes through direct fluorescence imaging of the BEC. This article was authored by G. Peligree, J. Mompart, and Via Hufinger.


The past century saw an impressive increase in life expectancy, but progress was much slower in poor countries, and experts are struggling to agree precisely why. Which determinants have greatest impact? Healthcare, sanitation, schooling or something else? If we knew, we could invest our limited funds into the most important determinants of health. Now in principle, an empirical analysis of past data can help identify those determinants. But most studies have analysed determinants of health separately. So for example, one study assessed the effect of sanitation on health, whereas the second one looked at healthcare. But if both determinants are analysed in isolation, this does not help us prioritise investments. To compare all determinants across studies, we would need a supermodel of life expectancy. But such a model is too complex to estimate. So we adopted a different approach. We used two decades worth of data on all low-income countries and 45 determinants of life expectancy. We split the supermodel in over 100,000 submodels, each with four determinants using all possible combinations. We could then test the importance of each determinant against all others, not in one goal, but sequentially. That's the method of model averaging. It is not a new idea. But it was difficult to implement in the past because of the computing power required. Now methods of artificial intelligence allowed us to reduce estimation time substantially. So how did it work? We estimated a determinants association with life expectancy each time it appeared in a submodel. We saved the estimates and repeated this for every determinant. Each one appeared in over 13,000 submodels, creating the same number of estimates per determinant. These are regression estimates. They quantify the association between a determinant and life expectancy and they actually really mean something. For example, if we increased the population with access to sanitation by 1%, how much longer would people live on average? Now we proceeded and for each determinant we lined up all estimates from smallest to largest and what we found was interesting. For some determinants, estimates varied a lot across submodels. They flip-flopped between positive and negative or they were zero. So clearly our estimates were not robust. But for other determinants, estimates did not vary much. Each test of the determinants importance gave the same answer. It is a robust determinant of life expectancy. Now of the 45 determinants we tested, 20 were robust. It is perhaps no surprise that those included sanitation, primary schooling, crop production and good governance. Achievable improvements in those determinants are associated with a longer life expectancy according to our results. But the other 25 determinants were not robust. Surprisingly, those included healthcare, secondary schooling, air pollution and livestock production. We cannot be confident that investments into those determinants result in longer lives. So in summary, before our study, policymakers were confronted with an impressive body of evidence on the determinants of health. But each study focused on a specific topic area. Now with our approach, we could identify robust determinants across topic areas. This helps policymakers target those determinants that weren't action or further research. Model averaging has important limitations. It is an entirely data-driven analysis approach and different data could change our findings. But it makes efficient use of the data we have and it can be used for other strategic decision-making also in the business world. Artificial intelligence and empirical data analysis are powerful aids to decision-makers. But even in our data-driven world, they must consider many criteria when it comes to making decisions that affect all our lives. Thank you.


Now this is the summary of what is happening in the cement based, the fly ash based cement in India, everybody is aware of the fly ash is no more a waste material, it has a lot of utility in the manufacturing of cement and even if you are replacing 35 to 40 percent of cement, it is a great service to the society because that much less cement is produced that much less amount of carbon dioxide is produced and application of fly ash in cement and concrete is beneficial this has already been proven by several guys. And there is IS 456 also which talks about replacement of cement by the fly ash, you might come across people who are grinding the fly ash, this becomes ultra fine fly ash and ultra fine fly ash has very niche market all over the world, this is what is known as ultra fine ultra fines in the fly ash, there is another way of finding out the or filtering out the fines from the fly ash, it could be by adopting different type of classification systems. So, they are classifiers in your 10 plus 2 chemistry you must have come across different type of classifiers is it not different particles of different densities can be classified by using either the very high jet pressure of air or by centrifuging them and another good example would be the senospheres which I will show you when I am talking about the metal characterization, these are the materials of the today contemporary materials. So, if you check on net what are the applications of senospheres ultra fine fly ash is classified fly ash and this is the need of our every power plant should be having the facilities to classify the soils fly ash and grind the fly ash and so on to make it as a value added material, lot of practical work is also going on in this context, there is something known as HVAC, this is high volume fly ash concrete which I am sure you must have come across and this is being used for infrastructure development. So, the HVAC concept is the high volumes of fly ash are used to make system more durable, alright and these type of systems need very low water content. So, if you remember W by C ratio, the present day research is on the concept that W by C should be tending to 0, what is the meaning of this? I should be using as less water as possible to make concrete, why? So, it is like Bombay, I do not have fresh water Chennai coastal areas, why? Most of the water is adulterated or this sea water, salty water, sand is not available, there is also you know contaminated sand. So, now people are trying to work on as minimum water as possible. So, when you balance W by C mathematically, when the moisture content decreases, sea also decreases. So, it is a very interesting concept where the water is less and the volume of cement which is required or the weight of the cement which is required is also less. So, you are not overdosing the concrete and hence you are trying to create systems which are going to be more durable, these are new concepts in construction technology. What are the applications? These type of materials find a lot of applications in hydrothermal and nuclear power sectors. I have been closely associated with some of these design of structures and the foundations and this is where people are using HVAC for either piles or the foundations in aggressive soils. Check it on net, what is the meaning of word aggressive soils? So, aggressive soils are the ones which might be having a lot of sulphate content in them. So, it becomes a big challenge to lay the foundations when the soils are aggressive in nature, they could be highly contaminated soils alright, very low pH, very high pH, different types of contamination, chloride contents could be very high, sulphate contents could be very high. So, you know the implications of these type of situations. At the same time, when you are talking about the strategic structures alright, where the nuclear power is being produced domes, shells of the atomic power plants where you want extremely durable systems and they should be thermally insulated, is this correct or not? Because imagine inside the reactions are going on where the temperatures might go very high and normal concrete might crack and if normal concrete cracks the chances are the radiations may come out into the atmosphere. So, these are very niche areas in which you know HVACs are being used to create highly durable systems. A lot of research is being done in the realm of materials in civil engineering, similarly for dams, barrages, irrigation projects these type of materials are being used. So, in concrete is a good example, roller compacted concrete, I do not know whether you have come across this type of thing. These type of projects have been done in India particularly in the southern part of the country and close to Bombay where the entire dam was constructed by compacting the roller compacting the concrete. So, sometimes when you type on net you will get this information and presently these situation is that people are aware of how to utilize the geomaterials for creating high value you know products. Another species of projects is marine projects, it is very difficult to do underwater grouting, cementing, construction and you have special requirements of concrete you know most of the developmental work is going on in the marine environment, pipelines of piling different types of land creations and so on. How well understood are the properties of concrete that is large amount of liage like mechanical properties? Very well, very well, it is quite in control, most of the construction is going on in this by using these materials, everything lot of research is being conducted, the material science in civil engineering has become a big subject, it is not only limited to the way you make concrete and steel and glass and wood nowadays is becoming extremely multi facet, multidisciplinary, multi component infrastructure materials. Different types of environmental engineering projects where you require you know to stop shielding against acid attacks particularly civil lines, imagine the tunnels which are being constructed for carrying water or the sewage, they are mostly sulphide attacks are very high, H2S formation is there, the entire environment because of the presence of acid formation, acid forming bacteria could be under anaerobic condition, how would you protect your structures, a big challenge. So specialized environmental engineering projects require these types of high volume fly ash concrete which are quite durable, lining of the tunnels, you read a lot on the net and you will realize where these types of concrete are being used, lining internal lining for the tunnels in which the water is flowing or the sewage is flowing. Silica fumes is another interesting man made geomaterial and this is a very high end material which is used for creating concrete, extremely fine particles and what do they do is they clog the pores of the concrete and hence the concrete becomes highly durable. So silica fume is also known as micro silica, very active form of silica, superactive silica and specific gravity would be of the order of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, so it is a big challenge to transport this material, most of the time this material is imported in India. So when you are bringing it through you know sea liners, I think you can imagine if these specific gravities are less than water, the bulk volumes cannot be carried because you require very high volumes for very small weights and the stability of the ships is a big question, you should read all these things nowadays, become multidisciplinary subject. So it is a byproduct of the reduction of high purity quartz with coal in electric furnaces in the production of silicon and ferro silicon alloys, it is a boon for concrete but the issue is if you add more than 4 to 5 percent this becomes a deterrent for gaining strength of the concrete because silica fumes are highly corrosive, finer the particle, surface area is going to be extremely high and then it has a tendency to suck water, retain water. So when you are adding it in concrete the chances are that silica fume will absorb most of the water which is present in the concrete and the concrete would not get water to get cured, so that is why the dose has to be properly monitored. So when you produce ferrochromium, ferromagnese, ferromagnetium and calcium silicon type of things then this type of material is becoming you know industrial byproduct. Another interesting thing which I was discussing in the previous lecture is the reuse of tires. So in a small area nations which are you know surrounded by water particularly oceans these type of technologies are being studied quite a lot. So Japan is a leading country where lot of reuse of tires is being practiced, so if you type on net whenever you get time you will realize that tires which are coming out of the automobile industry which have been discarded find a very special application for designing offshore structures and ground improvement is also being done by using this type of elements.  So they collect water also and they become the breeding space for mosquitoes. The question is can something be done with this or not, read the papers which are available on internet. This is where people have tried to reuse the rubber tires. I will show you one good example which was proposed by Professor Joshi from Calgary University long back and I have the animation with me. There are several applications of the scrap tires and some of them are road embankment. You can shred the tires, you can use them as aggregate for making the road embankments and I am sure you will realize that once the shredded tires are being used the elastic modulus and the bouncing property of the finished surface are going to be much better and damage to the automobile vehicles of tires would be extremely less as compared to the rigid pavements which are very aggressive. You can think of creating sub grids which are thermally insulated, imagine the country where the temperatures are extremely low or very high and you would require a thermal insulation layer between the formation and the embankment or the crust of the pavement. So this is where very judiciously these type of materials have been inserted and a lot of case studies are available in the literature. You can lay your hands on and become state of the art. Another good example is asphalt rubber pavement. You can mix the asphalt and the crumb rubber and you can create pavements. Most of the developed countries have used this technology and hence this type of finished product gives you more riding quality and comfort. CRB you must have heard about crumb rubber bitumen. So this is another form of utilizing the scrap tires. You can shred it and you can mix it with asphalt and you can create pavements out of it. What are the pavement requirements which are fulfilled by this concept? So you will realize that durability increases when you enhance the flexibility or rigidity of the system and this can be controlled by adding the shredded tires. Deformation modulus can be controlled, this is what you are talking about. One of the examples is people have shown that the deformation and the modulus of deformation can be changed by using these type of composites. Normal resistance is the keyword. So these tires act as the thermal insulators. In our country also sometimes you know we should be proposing these type of test tracks and we should be testing them where the climatic conditions are very harsh on northern part of the country where sub zero temperatures are there and because of you know what happens freeze and thaw. The pavement gets distorted and there this seems to be a good technology. When you add the shredded tires with the asphalt then you can enhance the rutting resistance also. You must have studied about the rutting of the pavements. So because of more you know bouncing effect when you add the rubber tires chips into the asphalt the rutting resistance can be overcome, can be enhanced. Wearing can be reduced, wearing of the tires, shrinkage resistance can be reduced and so on. So in terms of applications you can think about, we can modify the skid resistance of the pavements also. The biggest problem in the temperate climates is that due to very high temperatures what happens the asphalt of the bitumen melts and particularly countries like India and because of the melting of asphalt and bitumen what happens the skid resistance decreases so this causes lot of accidents on the roads. Now I will show you one animation where you can appreciate that how rubber tires with still mesh can be utilized for creating different type of turfs or embankments particularly for the sports, valedrums, you know where the vehicles are tested, it could be a cycle valedrum, it could be a automobile testing facility where you are creating a valedrum. So this is how it looks like, these slides I have borrowed from Professor R.C. Joshi University of Calgary, this is his idea but I thought of sharing with all of you. So what is done normally is that you take the rubber tires, you splice them and after splicing you flatten them and once you have flattened this becomes one of the units which can be used for creating. So if you talk about the width of the pavement and the longitudinal direction of pavement you can stack these units one by one and you can rivet them by using anchors. The next layer would come of the another layer of anchors followed by another layer of the spliced rubber tires and keep on repeating this as long as you achieve the desired height of the system. So I am sure you must be realizing that this is a good clever idea of utilizing the industrial byproducts, automobile industry would be very happy if you can encourage the practice of this type of construction because you are saving so many millions of tons of the natural resources for creating amendments. This type of technology should be promoted and they should be practiced, yes please. Are they used in only flexible pavements or both in rigid holes? You have to do a mixed design if you remember in your transportation engineering course so you are designing as fault for your requirement, is it not? So you can use rubber tire chips as a additive and you can design the whole mixture and normally in rigid pavement you will not use but yes if you want to modulate, if you want to make a composite system where the bottom portion of the pavement is rigid and top you want to give cushioning effect, particularly the places close to the signals where most of the braking action takes place where you apply brakes where the rutting is maximum. So there this seems to be a good idea, you can create a composite system in the embankment itself or in the track. It reduces, it reduces the shrinkage resistance, yes but can the problem of swelling or pressure at the end? Yes, so imagine the density of this material is going to be very much because they are thick sheets. So one of the ways to negotiate with the swelling pressure of the soils would be what is that you do normally, CNC compacted natural clays. So on the swelling soils you are nullifying this effect of swelling pressure by giving a gamma into H. So I can save this gamma into H layer and what can I do? I can put this material, I can counterweight, I can apply the counterweight and I can get rid of the swelling of the clays. CNC material, compacted natural clays are normally used to balance the swelling pressure of soils in field. So imagine if swelling pressure is 2 kg per centimeter square, you require a very thick layer of compacted clay which is clay itself is not available in the market nowadays clear. So these are the situations which are forcing people to think ahead and apply new concepts. So fine, yes please. Sir, which are properties of soil get improved when rubber tides chips used for soil stabilization? See people you will find in literature actually I have not done much research in this area. So I am just talking about whatever I have learned from the literature. Basically what they do is they modulate the swelling properties and mostly very fine shredding of these tires could be fiber reinforced soils. Because if you remember that the composition of the rubber tires would be carbon and carbon could be used as a fiber also or if you can grind it and cut it and chop it in very small particles then it could be used as a amendment of the soil properties also. You can mix it with the soils. These are the idea which you can use and you can create your own recipe and then what you have to do after creating a recipe you have to test it in the laboratory and prove how the properties have been modified and then recommend them for applications. Now these things are going to be useful now in days to come and using these concepts we are trying to help the industry. Now the previous lecture I was talking about the glass and I think I was talking about socio-economic technical issues related to the glass. Glass has become a very interesting industrial domestic byproduct in today's world particularly I have been you know professing the application of glass for artificial beach creation, beach there is something known as beach nutrition. So sea beaches can be created overnight what you have to do you have to take the unused glass crush it and that is similar to the sands and this sand can be utilized for making beaches and different other artificially created systems. You will be surprised to know that lot of applications already there in the industry now the crushed glass would look like this is similar to the sands is being used in construction aggregates as a film material, filter media, glass fault, tarmac, lot of people are making value added products out of this pure glass, art glass, terrazzo, composites, foam blocks you must have come across hydrophonics is it not. Hydrophonics are nothing but you know they grow plants without soil so this is something very interesting people have been doing this and they can also be used as a abrasive in the mineral sector and as a filler material. So depending upon this there are lot of applications this can be used in concrete also because composition wise this material is going to be same as quartz in road base, felt trenches this can be a good filter media for wastewater treatment you can replace sands and sands are not available right now as I was discussing especially you specialty uses like beach sand, sand nourishment of the beaches if you want to create a different type of landscape then there you can use this and glass fault is a new term then comes the dredging this is something which is magnonymous long back I had told you in the class that nowadays geographical boundaries of the country keep on changing particularly in the coastal areas. So in coastal areas if you see through the net and the web you will find lot of case studies are available where the artificial land was created by dredging so there are different types of dredgers which are available in the market. So these are suction dredgers so what you are observing here is there are lot of pumps on the ship and they suck sands and then this is what is known as the rainbow methodology for sprinkling sand on the seashores so the whole area has been developed like this and the sand gets deposited because of the natural phenomena sediments they get deposited in the base or the ocean bodies ocean surface and then you can create land out of it do a bit of internet checking and you will find that most of the airports which are coming up recently internationally they are all sitting on the sediments. Japan is a beautiful example Osaka airport you can see that these are satellite airports they are not part of the land they do not have land. So what they have done is they have created a satellite airport in the sea and they have connected it with the viaduct to the mainland. There are some beautiful examples of advanced geotechnical engineering which has been done you have different type of islands palm island pearl islands in our own country lot of activities are being done in the Indian Ocean if you check on the net both for strategic as well as for civilian application and Chinese example you must be reading in everyday newspaper so they have created thousands of islands and what they are doing now in the South China Sea they are not allowing traffic they charge toll and then these islands are now becoming strategic lands where they can do strategic activities so it is expansion of the country imagine we never bothered about these things but see these are the activities with geotechnical engineers are involved with a lot of interesting videos are there many projects are going on bombacity where they do deep ocean blasting they cut the rock they blasted they take out the rocks they bring it close to the seashores and they create sea beds sea beaches for strategic activities and for public activities also alright now what are the beneficial applications of the dredge materials several applications of the dredge materials I have included few industrial byproducts because dredging is an industry and dredging is normally done for two purposes one is for maintenance you know if lot of sanitation occurs in the channels which are bringing ships to the what you call it to the let us say port seaport so ships which have big hulls cannot really navigate through so you have to first maintain the channels the way you maintain channels in your you know drains in your household second is what is known as you know when you are creating infrastructure so one is the maintenance dredging another one is capital dredging so capital dredging is normally done to create infrastructure in the ocean in the oceans or the lakes or a water body so these are capital dredging but there are lot of challenges so I had been doing projects from different ports and I have been guiding them how to utilize these materials for beach nourishment shore production soil creation and enhancement land reclamation different type of habitat restoration so these things are becoming a part of geotechnical engineering I do not think that someone else is going to do all these things only you have to be an expert tomorrow to guide the industry or the ports in the country habitat restoration would be a very good example of the guys who are more interested into conservation of wildlife aquatic life so if you are creating a facility or infrastructure somewhere in the water body the aquatic life gets disturbed is it not you have disturbed the marine environment so now people have started pitching in this concept of how to restore this habitat so they create islands for flora and fauna to flourish and these are dedicated places and I am sure that you can realize that geotechnical engineering has played a very important role in this area soft clay engineering because most of these deposits after taking out from the sea you are going to you are going to place on the sea bed itself so consolidation settlement all these things you have to study strength shear strength parameters and how would you create a magnet which is two thirds submerged in water one third coming out of the water and so on now when it comes to the characterization of the waste this is a very big subject so as I said in the beginning of lecture today that before you start using the material for a given application for a given project first thing is you have to understand what are the fundamental popular material and this is where you have to characterize the material a big series of tests which has to be done water content because most of the time these materials are having enough water in them density granulometry what is their flow ability so when we talk about the granulometry you should check his papers by Rakshi Shetty and myself we have done I think we have published three four papers on use of the sediments and then the geological characteristics of sediments and you have to test these sediments for following constituents organic content carbonate content different type of heavy metals which are present in the system organochlorines which are present in the system most of the time these heavy metals come in the sediments because of the discharges from you know vessels ships these soils could be hydrocarbon contaminated also it is a big issue most of the industries in the coastal regions they cannot withdraw water because of sedimentation for running their plants cooling towers and boiler units and so on PA edge then toxicity test has to be done because if you are utilizing a material which is a dredge material and the question would be where to dump it and after dumping it should not become toxic to the environment you have to do lot of clinical examination of sediments not many laboratories in the country and the world are fully pledged you know material characterization laboratories so this is where interdisciplinary approach has to be adopted and lot of work has to be done. So here I have listed thermal and chemical stability also you are talking about this thing so when you are creating islands by reclamation the first question would be you are using what type of material sediments from the sea or the water body and whether they are organic in nature or not organic systems cannot be utilized because they will keep on consolidating and they will decay but imagine when you create big lands how you test each sample it is not possible it is a big challenge similarly thermal stability because once you take it out and expose it to the environment UV and sunlight the chances are the sediments may decay I mean this is this is one set of the experiments which has to be done where I have not talked about the geotechnics related aspects it is that thus just the material suitability first of all and once you say that the material is suitable then you test it for its mechanical and engineering and geotechnical engineering characteristics so that becomes a big series. So this basically shows that why characterization of waste is becoming important industrial by products and from this point onwards I shaped up my research in what I call as physical, chemical, mineralogical, thermal and electrical characterization so these things we have already mastered we are quite comfortable physics of the material chemistry of the material mineralogy of the material thermal characteristics of the material electrical characteristics of the material now the bio components and all slowly and slowly I am adding to but it seems to be a Herculean task so people like you should come forward and take it up and plug them in this matrix of knowledge to make the holistic picture otherwise it is not going to be easy. So Shashank's thesis was one good example of you know what happens when bacteria interacts with the material so that was a very fundamental work which we did you must have realized we are trying to create lot of questions in my first of all and then we are trying to answer few questions which we could. So once you characterize the waste you can understand how this material is going to behave and how to recommend proper utilization schemes. As I said sometime back there are guys who are talking about the waste mechanics it is a new concept which is becoming a part of environmental geomechanics where not only the municipal solid waste but industrial byproducts and particular interest sediments are being you know tested and the whole mechanics is being created out of it may be 1930s and 40s and soils were tested and soil mechanics came in force no wonder in the 2, 3 years we will find that this mechanics will become a big subject. So this is how the knowledge you know keeps on spreading and bifurcating and new subjects


So today, the talk is about continuous packaging. So I'm quite like lucky. Just a quick introduction. I work at Radat in the OpenStack group. I was working in OpenStack company by Radat. I've been in the open source world since a long time. I'm feeling old today when I read this, but that's my aim. So I'm the author of a payment. You can blame me for this at some point. So sorry about that. I've been involved in a lot of different things. In Debian, long time ago, in Mandrake Linux. And lately, more OpenStack created an open source project. So I've been doing build system, packaging, CI, a lot of things since too long. A quick survey with a package, as I suppose everybody's package here, with a packaging, some upstream project that is moving very fast, a lot of comics every day. Yeah, some of you. So this talk is to address this kind of project. So where you have a lot of different comics and you have a hard time to catch up and how to cope with these kind of problems. So the talk is part of the four parts introduction. Why we do this. And an explanation of one way to do it. And deep, going deep into how it works under the hood. And what will be the next step in Fedora and what we could do together. So the vision of all this is that the packaging is doing integration. We gather some bits from different parts and assemble them, compile them, package them. And then we tie them. And we are doing integration. And the state of art in integration is continuous integration. But in packaging, we are not doing this. We are doing integration at point in time, at values point in time, not in a continuous way. So the idea was to bring to packaging the state of the art that is continuous integration. That's why the continuous packaging was kept up. So traditional way of doing packaging is that you wait for a new release happening upstream in your project that you are monitoring. Sometimes you are packaging an AC or this candidate just to look at what has changed. And you test your new package. And then you report any problem you have found upstream. You try to fix. You backport the patches. Because the release has already happened. You backport the patches to your current version. And then you can release the package to Fedora. That's basically it. Do you agree on this or not? That's the way you work, is it? No? Yes? I can't even. Oh, do you take weekly snapshots? And how do you work with your upstream projects? On the upstream, really? Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's why I'm asking you. Depends on the speed and the pace of the upstream projects. But usually, that's bad practice in the agile world, the XP world. It's a bad practice to do this big line integration and to try to discover all the things at one point. It's very difficult because you discover a lot of problems. And if you could do it little by little, it's much easier to spot what has changed because less has changed and you can adapt your packaging work to this small change and then continue little by little. Because at the end, when you have a big new version that is coming, you have tons of changes and you have tons of problems, basically. So what do we do? We do continuous packaging to solve this. And we did it for, we do it for three years now. We did it for three years in the open stack group. The idea, the big issues that we had is that we got a huge number of packages that are moving very fast every day like multiple commits in all the projects. The release cycle was six months with fixed dates. And we wanted to be ready at the end of the month, of the sixth cycle. So last release, it was 20,000 commits on all the projects that we were monitoring. It was a lot of changes and everything can be broken by any of these changes. And we had also a big issue is that we were developing installers. And installers were leading the packages to be able to function. So we had a chicken and egg problem. Because the installers needed to consume the last bit, but it was not packaged, so they cannot really start to work until the end of the cycle to test the last release. So it was difficult. So what do we do? We created something called Dolorean. We don't use Dolorean as a name, because it could be trademarked. So that's the area around that I will say Dolorean. So we switched to continuous integration mindset. So it means that each time there is a commit in the upstream project, we build a package. And this package is not only built, it's tested to be installed. We run the unit test during the build phase. And at the end, we create a repository that can be consumed by the CI systems and by anybody to do installation. So it could be the installer, it could be the CI system just to do some tests. And the good point for packages is that the system is in a reactive mode. You don't need to bother about it. It will build automatically these new releases of packages. And when something goes wrong, that's the only point where you are alerted. At the beginning, we were alerted by an email. So something goes wrong in your package. I don't know if the balance sheet has changed or something is broken in the unit test in the package build. You get notified. And now we went one step further. It's that we are creating a new gearing review that is representing the failure. And you just have to amend the gearing review to have the thing fixed. And then the loop starts again with your fix in your spec. If it's a fix upstream, you fix it upstream. And then when the new change is coming back, you have your fix augmented and built automatically. So it's a stream of packages that are coming. And what happens to the gearing review? No, you have to close it. You just discarded it and that's it. So you can take a look at this URL. You will see a status report with all the packages that are managed by Dora. So with the idea of all this atomic CI pipeline, the idea was to try to see if we could apply the same thing to Fedora and see if we could have the same system to monitor what is happening upstream. So what I did is I started an experimental $hand server for Fedora. And I picked two fast-moving targets. So I picked Ansible and SystemD, very different. And to see what was the benefit to do it. So in Ansible, they are moving very fast. A lot of commits every day. You have some issues that they don't track in their CI because they don't do release every day. And when we do packaging, we take the bits that are done like it was a package that is being created as a released target and they don't spot this kind of thing. For example, there were multiple issues with unit tests. For example, one of them was doing some network connection during the unit test. And we spotted this very easily. And we had also some issues with unit tests that were depending on some Python dependencies that were not installed and that were not documented. So we catch all this and join this with this build. And we reported it upstream and fixed it upstream. And then it was fixed. And we found also a release issue. They were doing some seemling magic. And when the table was created, the seemling disappeared. So we could not, at the end, use the table and the unit tests were failing. Systemally, we didn't find any issue with unit tests or whatever, but we changed the global system. So the spec file was not working anymore. So we spotted it and we created a new spec file. We adapted the spec file to code release at the right time and that was easy to track and not wait at the end for the new system to release. So that's how it looks. I took the screenshot at the moment where the system was started to fail. So you see a failing commit. And for each line, that's a commit upstream. So you have a direct link. You can take a look at the commit. And that's the timeline of what has been built. And you have also a repository that is available. And the build.joc, it's a mock output. And you can take a look and inspect if you need to inspect what happened. You don't really need to operate on the server. And? This report generated by the tool of the name of the tool? The Romin? Which Romin? I mean, the UIR is the VIR of Romin. The name of the tool? Yeah, the Romin is the name of the tool, yeah. But you can put it on your server, but just choose this one. But just an experimental server. And you have also a synthetic view, so now you can see what's the status for all the packages that you are tracking in your server. And this way, you can see that it has been 10 days to fix the issue in the system. Please. Sorry, sorry. And where are the builds actually being done? Is that happening in your scotgy? No, it's on a mock server. And it's a local mock instance. Did you restrict the mock server to not do network connection? Yeah, and on the new versions, that's what is going on by default. That's where we catch this issue. And change the version of mock and then, oh. Revolution. So if we go deeper, how it works, it's we have a file to describe the server settings like the URL where the file are located on the disk. We have a standard mock config file where we describe what is needed for our mock. And we will have it in an example. We have a YAML file, that's the important bit where we describe all the different packages and where this git is located. Where the git repository for the upstream project is located. And the branches we are using because some projects are we have bunch in the name, so we need to cooperate this. So how it works at a high level. Doloran is fetching all the repositories that are listed in this YAML file, extracting the upstream and the disk git. Then it's building a package using mock on these repositories. And then it's creating on success. Successful build and install with mock. It's build a repository with all the packages inside. And it's saving space by using series to avoid copying around all the files and things. Doing some magic once we've seen this. The versions of the RPMs track the versions of the upstream products. I think it's a magic. Yeah, yes. Yes, that's what we're trying to do. That's not always easy to guess the next version of a project. Some are well-defined and some are not so easy to guess. So sometimes we work with git to try to fetch the last tag and to increment it. And we have some tricks to try to copy these projects. That's black magic. Watching the git rebuilding and creating a repo. It sounds very similar to a copper. Actually, a copper might even be able to do that already. No, I think the idea will be more to couple copper with this at some point. There was the graph for that. The git rebuild on copper. That would just pull on the project and would be on copper. But that wasn't part of copper. So it would be good. Yeah, yeah. I'd say the good thing, when you have multiple packages like we have in OpenStack, is that we can do some kind of bisect or so after on the CI job. So we have a bisect, but on a set of git repositories. So we have 200 repositories. And we can find the one that is breaking the CI, for example. That's just for in-user testing. If you have somebody, say you're not talking about OpenStack. Say you're talking about some in-user application that you don't expect somebody using it to want to rebuild it to test. You have a continuous list of packages that you can tell them, try this one. Try this one to find whether the problem happened. Which is actually very useful. A lot of people do that with the kernel now. It's just that we can't really build the kernel more than once every day or so. With the kernel, we have some. I tried it a bit with the kernel, but the spec file is a bit difficult to work with. But it can be adapted. The thing is that we added also some stuff to build only on tags. So we could build all the RCE, all the other. And that could be another solution to build less often. That's possible with the Lorentz. The other way to say, so that relies on the file that you have seen as in the test? Not really, no. But it relies on that we can generate a tarball like Optimus doing during its release. Yeah, but then. And the fact that it says it's a way for you to test it, but it still builds if you don't know if it works. Yes, not after. The idea is to be used by the CI system. But it doesn't rely on the unit test. If we have unit tests in the spec file, we run them during build, but there is no unit test. That's not a big deal. We will test it later on by the CI system. And yes, the idea after what we do in OpenStack, we could do it also in general, is that we are doing some run in the CI system. And we are promoting this particular hash to be the one that has been tested by the CI system and can be used by human after, for test days, or for whatever you want to do with your test apps. So just a quick look at the configuration file. The first one is where you put your data. Where do you extract your Git repositories? The script here is just a local machine. The base URL, that's what you see. That's what is exported and we did it internally to generate the files, the HTML files.  What is interesting is being maxed with files. We have some logic inside the Lorent that is catching some standard errors from infrastructure like a network connection or something. And it retries the build. Here, it's retries. If you have a mirror server that is not answering and these kind of errors that are not really related to the build and it will tag this build as a need to be retried. And we store everything in a database and we are working on some API to expose this to be able to do nice dashboards. And that's working for us. And for back to master, it's just a... If you cannot find a point, it's spring back to master. The log configuration file, it could be more familiar with this. It just installed a minimal base system with the RPM build and just what is needed to build the package. Just an extract and nothing really fancy here. What is more interesting is the file to describe the actual packages and the actual repositories. So at the beginning, we describe the release we are targeting. That's more symbolic. There's no real meaning in the names, in fact. We do nothing with FC27, for example. And after, what is interesting is that the package config and the package default are things that you don't need to replicate as they use by all the definition of your packages. And you can be specific or not. Here we define the maintenance and we are too to work on this. And so we just define it for all the packages. But usually we define a maintainer per package because that's more of a way to do it for a set of maintenance. And you define where the project are located. Yeah, it happens that we are both under GitHub. So we just specify templates that is GitHub. That could be a look at multiple package configs. So package default is the default problem. And then we have the two packages that are described here. So systemd and systemd is using master. By default, we prefixed with rpm- to see that the project is using the master branch. And for example, in uncivil, we are using devol as the master branch. So we are using rpm-dvol. It's just a convention. We can do whatever we want. It's easier to have something regular. Any question on this? So how it works in details after in the Lorraine, where the black magic is happening. So it's extracting the data here, which we saw before. So here, the data here is raw-aid data. So we extract in raw-aid data. We obtain repository under the name of the project. So it will be uncivil. It will be systemd. And then we extract the diskit repo. Or we update the diskit repo because it doesn't extract. It doesn't clone every time. We just update it under uncivil underscore distro, or systemd underscore distro. And you have your spec file and the usual thing on your diskit. And then it's switched to the right git commit for both. But we are targeting the build. And it's creating a table that's where the black magic is happening because it needs to guess what is the number of the release that will be the next, in fact, that will be the next known version. I assume each project has a different command that you used to step forward. Is that defined anywhere? No. Up to now, we were able to do it in a generic way. So we tried to do it like this. If at some point we cannot, we will make exception and we'll have something in the diskit that will describe how to extract the next version. Up to now, it was not needed. And then we substitute the tarbol name and the version of the spec and the release number in the spec file. The release number, we use the Fedora naming scheme for Perilis. So it's zero dot the SHA1 for the upstream. Plus the short SHA1 for the diskit dot 1 to other release. This way, if you update to the real one after it will be to the one release, it will be OK. Now there is a timestamp. There's a timestamp, and then the SHA1, and then the short SHA1. And after that, it creates a source RPM from the tarbol and builds and installs using Mock just to test using Mock or the dependencies of the resulting RPM and ROK. And then, on success, it creates metadata for RPM repository that is exposed for STTP that you can reuse anywhere. And on failure, it's like I said before, sending an email or opening a carry trade. So it's not probably good to use the other repository. So if you have package A depending on package B and you have already updated package B, is we really in package A going to use the latest version that's available in package A? Or is it going to be the one that the RAM builds? It will be the previous one that the RAM builds. And adding the Fedora. The idea is to, if we have circular dependency, when we bootstrap the RAM, we can have trouble. And we have also some ordering options to bootstrap a repository when it will compute the order of the required and then build them in the right order the first time. And then we let it build on the history of the Git codes. And then on this, it's organized like this. And you can take a look if you want on the website. You have a project where the Git repository is located. This Git repository is under score distro. And then under the repository, you have all the generated files. So it can be the logs. And then build.log is the main one you have to look because that's the output of Mock. And we will see what happens when something goes wrong. And you have all the RPL and the repo data. It's like a Git path. So if you have a lot of packages to build and it's taking a long time because of compilation or unit test, you can have some trouble to build on each code. So what we do in this case is that on each one, we take only the last code of a branch. And we rebuild only this branch. Only this code. And this way, each time, if it's taking a long time but there is not a lot of code, you will have nearly on each code. If it's taking a long time but you have a lot of code, you will have a big holes in your commit history. But you are able to keep with the pace of the project. I had to do it on my VM for Ansible because it was very, very fast. And then we have some script to do some dissect. If you really want to know which code has broken your build and not the exact code, you can look at the history of your site, using git log and see, okay, that's this one, that's broken something. But that's a reduced number of logs you need to look at. It's not the full history of overrids, so it's still better. So next step, so I want to get feedback from the federal community, if it's useful, if you think it could be useful. So that's why I'm presenting here. Could be to put an official server with a reduced number of packages to just test if it's useful for our people. Involve the official packages because up to now we did it ourselves and just to start and to see if it brings value. We haven't discussed a lot with the Ansible or with system D maintainers, for example. So we need to go one step further. Use the git, the real git repository because up to now that was our disk git because we wanted to test but it was not the official one. And we'll be able to use Pagure as a way to collaborate on this. Another idea was to create a plugin for module dv, md, for module md format, this way we can describe. I don't know if it's possible to look because that's this file that I showed, that's the YAML file that is describing all the packages of our repository. We could use a module dv because that's a set of packages that could be also a good way to not reinvent another format and to reuse information. I saw that there is already this git that can be put in this file, but I don't know if we can put the upstream git repository in this file. We need to discuss. I see it's possible. And then the idea, as always, like in OpenStack, is to connect the CI system on these repositories and see if something is wrong in advance and try to fix upstream before release with a CI test. Up to now, that's just unit test. And we do it in OpenStack, we can do it in GitHub also. It's to be even shorter the feedback loop, but we need more and more resources to do it. That's the whole back. And the idea is to catch issues before the armors. So to be able to do that, we need to run this packaging test and this integration test because at the end of this integration test in advance on each proposed change. So it could be a great review in OpenStack or GitHub or a bigger change. And we can try to build the package and see if something is broken, if something is broken, try to say, OK, guys, we need to fix something, or we need to fix the package. There's two ways to do that. So we can add a web hook to be aware that a new change is happening in the metadata project. If it's too much, there is an alternative is to download all the proposed change, metadata, and try to filter in some clever way. Usually it's more, is there a new debanancy, is there a new file, this kind of thing? We can just trigger on this kind of change, not on a code change in an existing module, for example. So that's one way to do it. So the big advantage of continuous packaging is to align the two cycles of packaging and development. And this way you can fix things without needing a patch that you will have to carry on the next version. And that's really changing the way we work. We work the two communities together, and then you fix things at the right time. Because when you discover something and you have to see the upstream project and see, if something is working, the release is finished, so I'm coming now, and it should be alerted before. And the nice thing also is spreading the load of this discovery along the cycle of the upstream project, not at one point in time. But that's a lot. And the big thing that is very good in terms of release management, and that's what we do in OpenStack, is that we can release the OpenStack for the RDO version one day after the release of the OpenStack project. So we'll release all the 275 packages one day after. Because we know everything is ready. We just need to pass the CI to rebuild men and pass the CI. And then we can release. There is no surprise, because everything has been rebuilt and tested all the time. And at the end of the release, we can release. Yeah, it's easy in OpenStack, because that's a coordinated release, we have released all the packages at the same time. But if we had to do all the packaging at this time, it would take around one month to do all this and to be sure that everything is done. Yeah, we can do it on one day. That's a big improvement. So let's put continuous integration in Fedora, and do continuous packaging and see what we can do together. Perhaps with the core of the system that is moving fast, see what we can do in the kernel with things that are moving fast, and let's work with the questions. Yes. I did have a look just quickly, and you've offered. It doesn't support adding a stack file in a different place than the sources that are coming from right now. It does support the output, so in theory, you could hook it up to a GitHub change and trigger a RDO. But that GitHub RDO, right now, we need to contain the stack file. I don't think it would be a huge change for them to add a different source set to be able to say, oh, the stack file is going to come in a different place and just want to do this in pre-pro, basically. It feels to me like a lot of the functionality I'm building, you're basically replicating opera, and it just seems like a waste. It's going to go into production, and you're going to try and do this. It means you're going to have to have a lot of built resources, and you were saying, right, that even you're here and you're going to keep up with the ensemble changes and that's just one project. So it feels like a more, I don't know, just better utilization of resources to just put it into what, okay, we have the official Koji build system, and then we have this sort of playground theme being offered, where people can either build their own projects or do the CI, hide the bills, and we can explore resources into it instead of just creating another system that's built. Like, I don't know, it feels like that might be good. The thing is that it's already existing, it's already working. You have to start somewhere. Yeah, yeah, sorry. And I was not at the original creation of these tools, I cannot speak for them, but. Maybe they saw some of the proper folks, and. Yeah, but I don't know if Copper can do, can manage a set of packages, because that's what is important here. You have a set of packages that are current, that you need to build at the same time, in fact. You need to build a repository for all these packages on every commit. Yes, you can, I would suggest you have a little bit of a little bit of a proper, because you can add multiple packages and different sources in a single repo and create a repo. I'm not saying it's gonna, for example, you were talking on the bisects, and I didn't find what are specific at which bit. And the reports, and there might be things that are not exactly the same, or might be just out of the scope of Copper, but in total, that's more than likely, I would say. But at least as far as building those, that's certainly in scope, I would say. I don't wanna speak for Copper's edge, but. They already have builds that can do different type of SCM, IPI, and regions. This is just like a different type of SCM build. Yeah, but that's not something that is really, that's really on a grid code, so. Yeah, they can certainly, they already have those. It's just, right now, that thing would need to contain both the spec and the sources. That's the only difference. If you have the spec file together with the sources, you can actually do that. That's not the case here, because that's the only way to fit all the packages that are in stock. I don't know, but, again, just in that one source then. Right, okay, next time. You have a question? So, I guess, so you talked to one head about applying to look at a set of packages, and he also talked about getting a friend to get every commit to your advice. I guess I'm curious about how that, those things are at, when you have, I mean, I guess, there's different kinds of stories in every package, but we can go independently for the way we depend on it. There are two levels, in fact. If you have a build issue, we do a git beset, and we find the issue in your story, where the package is broken. But if you have a test, a CI integration test, and all the packages have been built, we can do a beset on all the repositories that have been built in time, and find the ones, which package has been, has broken the CI test, in fact. So, you're basically affecting on the build as well? Yeah, yes, on the build history, but at the end, that's very close to the git history because we are building according to the git history. I mean, it seems, probably, if you considered like a large, like your kind of build, I don't know, on every package, included on it, that's probably... Yeah, that's why there are some resource issues that you need to balance and find the right way to do it. But, like I said, it's possible to do it in head only, and we can do that. And after, we can still beset and find which repository was working and which one was not working, because that's the same thing for CI. We cannot test in CI. All the repositories, we will choose the last one, try to test it. And then, if it's broken, we need to go back and find the ones that is in the middle but that is not broken, that's beset again. If you were going to do this in Fedora, you would need some way to get the results of the builds in front of those making, right? So, this is kind of a unique situation because it's actually a test process that happens before any content is actually entered in Fedora release stream, right? Yes, if you update it today, it's going to be broken and we should fix it. So, I don't think we have a good model for how that interaction would work with Fedora maintainers. Like, would you file a spectacular new Godzilla, and say, you know, the spec file in this game, Fedora disk game is out of date, relative to the upstream code, and you should properly look at it. Yeah, I don't know about some of the discussion. We could do something like that. I don't know if we'd be really accepted. Because whether or not something is broken at this moment in time is a different question of whether or not, like, a Fedora maintainer wants to pull in the upstream changes into the distro at this point in time. Yeah, so, and it's interesting, I just wanted to think about it. If you have something to put forward, it's a dedicated class model, it's an abstract game. If you update every package, is it going to be broken? I think we all know that the answer to that is always yes. So, and this is who we really deal with. I don't care if we're a good on containers, but good on containers is a, we don't have to build a good on containers thing where they build the head of every package within the scope of the good on desktop. And they are, I mean, it's what if the project was made, one is that back end people, they're gardening that saying it's broken, so they're not fixing it. In fact, there has to be some kind of a panic saying, okay, this particular project, logical, it's broken. We're going to bring it back to the way it is there, in order to get the other releases. That's what we do also in our stack because sometimes something is broken, we pin it to a particular company. That's the standard procedure. We introduce a patch in the packaging that is fixing, that's the patch that is in progress to fix the issue in the packaging. And while the patch is not merged, we carry it, and when it's merged, we remove it. That's another way to fix the issue. In terms of resources, this is really about, that's not probably one of the things built from source, which I think is probably, I'm sure, what about the packaging stuff? Working your mind to figure might want to look at some of the options around like build your caching and maybe a Ccache plugin, because that could reduce the amount of building that's actually happening and then it could just be the packaging stuff. Right now, it's only a small VM I was using, but we have plans to do parallel grids and to get used to OpenStack cluster because we were so difficult to make use of that. That's working for us on this also. The difficulty is when we build in parallel, we can lose the real history. In fact, the history could be wrong, in fact, according to a grid commit, but sometimes it's not so big deal. To be fair though, you know, build from source is, yeah, most back and most on-streams test that, but not on the system of 3.9 million. Yeah. PPC 64, both Indian citizens inside. And that's where most of my problems come from. They test, but they don't test on everything that we expect to shift on, which is, of course, even copper, I don't think I'll be there. But, oh, it does. The system is specifically about finding problems with the packaging. Yes, but it could be on a different architecture. Finding any problem that causes it to value copper. Yeah, exactly. Copper has E386 degrees to 66 degrees. Yeah, it's not enough. Yeah, but after that's the thing, we need computing resources to build anyway. There's sort of two very related problems. One, which is how would you CI on what, how do we, they always discredit and gather and test that if it works. And see if it works. Any question if you took all the time files of this N2 upstream? So it's a little bit different. Why would you, how it works? How does that integrate in the N2 would be the same type of connect across the upstream of the turbine as it would across the version? We have this to reuse the test, the test framework and all the things that are being put in place on these repositories that should do the same result than the one that is already released and we could have a meaningful result should have a more question between you and your lunch, so I don't want to. Okay, that's fine. All good, so thank you for your time. Thank you.


good morning everybody thanks for joining us we're here at the state emergency operations center which is just outside Sacramento California and we are going to give an update on the wildfires statewide including the resources and some of the things that are going on for helping these communities in the process of dealing with the wildfires that are currently burning behind me are four of our state officials in public safety the first speaking this morning is going to be director Mark Gillaraducci he's the director here at the governor's office of emergency services he'll be followed by the director Ken Pimlott of Cal Fire and then Warren Stanley who's the commissioner of the California Highway Patrol and then David Baldwin who's the adjutant general of the California National Guard as soon as they're done giving their remarks we'll take a few questions we're not going to be able to do a whole lot of questions this morning because there's some things that they need to get to right afterwards but we'll do our best we also have Bob Fenton from FEMA here as well who will not be speaking but could answer questions if there's any specifics for FEMA so with that we'll start with director Gillaraducci all right good morning everyone I'm Mark Gillaraducci director here at the governor's office of emergency services well I'm start by saying that literally the last 48 hours here in California have been extremely challenging starting with the tragic shooting in Thousand Oaks and requirement and to support the communities in Ventura County followed by the fire that that broke out up in Butte County the camp fire which has been an extremely challenging fire and has resulted in significant and catastrophic loss for for that community the communities of Paradise specifically just outside of Chico and then a number of fires that broke out over the evening down in Southern California to again in Ventura County and both of them relatively significant the magnitude of the destruction that we are seeing is really again unbelievable and heartbreaking in our our hearts throughout the everybody who has has been infected by this and impacted we know that there have been injuries and we know that there have been loss of life and we are still accounting for that and working with our local authorities who will as they get better handle on the number of fatalities and people impacted will start to share that information as it gets confirmed the leaders you see behind me here represent just part of our entire state's response system that is involved with responding to these events statewide obviously California is a very large state and we've got all hands on deck being able to effectively respond to all of these emergencies as they evolve and new new ones it's important to note that that weather wise we are literally in a statewide red flag weather warning fire weather conditions are extreme and we are seeing it from literally border-to-border which is making our job obviously much harder and everything here at the State Operations Center from the state perspective in support of our local governments is being coordinated here at the State Operations Center so we have representatives from all the state agencies located here and right now they they're really trying to get assessments on the amount of damage the amount of loss what resources are required and being able to continue to fill open orders for all different kinds of assets and and supplies currently we have roughly about 105,000 people evacuated in Southern California at the two fires the Hill fire and the Woolsey fire and roughly about 52,000 evacuated in Northern California predominantly around the campfire roughly 100 1,860 mutual aid firefighters from fire departments up and down California these are local government fire agencies that participate in the mutual aid system that are responding to these fires throughout California that's nearly 500 mutual aid fire engines and and as I say 1,860 firefighters we also have hundreds of law enforcement officers from agencies up and down the state that are supporting law enforcement mutual aid providing security assisting with evacuations and and any other kind of assessment that's required search and rescue operations etc and we currently are requesting additional firefighting assistance from our neighboring states through the emergency management assistance compact we have reached out to Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Washington for seeing how much how many resources that we can get to come in we are not just responding to what's in front of us but we are also contemplating what the next 24 and 48 hours are going to look like we know that the winds will die down but then we are going to be picking up another wind event that will be starting late Sunday and going into early next week so we really need to be thinking about this from a strategic standpoint this morning acting governor Newsom did sign a new proclamation for states of emergency for Ventura and Los Angeles County that's in addition to the state of emergency that he became proclaimed yesterday for the for Butte County and the campfire today's proclamation takes into account the Hill and the Wolsey fire and that will ensure that additional resources and any regulatory impediments any state public safety assets are applied effectively and of course yesterday as was noted he did make a request up through the White House for direct federal assistance direct federal assistance is not a major disaster declaration is it is it is just what it says it's being able to get direct federal assets to support our firefighting and search and rescue operations and then in addition we were able to secure yet another federal fire management assistance grant last night that's three that we were able to obtain over the last 24 hours to support the various fires in Southern California so our priorities will continue to be to support firefighting and lifesaving operations supporting Cal fire and the other local government fire agencies that are directly responsible for suppressing the fire providing whatever resources needed for lifesaving operations our second priority will continue to be evacuations and supporting sheltering operations for these these great number of people that have been evacuated the third is support support our local government in identifying victims and and identifying missing persons and the fourth we really be to start working on our damage assessment so we can get a better idea about seeking additional assistance where necessary you know particularly when we're seeing the amount of loss that we're seeing in in the campfire up in paradise so with that let me turn it over to our next speaker director Cal director Ken Pamlot of Cal fire or go overall or fire our fighting operations thank you director killer duchy good morning as the director mentioned red flag conditions critical fire weather across all of California now the wind may change in different places throughout and be more intense and reduce at times we are basically looking at a very significant dangerous weather pattern through the rest of this weekend and into early next week throughout all of California so when this first fire when the campfire started yesterday morning just over 24 hours ago at 633 in the morning it was immediately met with over 40 mile an hour winds that fire from the second it started was off to the races quickly grew within minutes to 200,000 acres and was well off to burning at dangerous rates of spread these are the kinds of conditions that we're seeing across California we've been talking about this year after year critical dryness of our vegetation winds that are blowing in excess of 40 or 50 miles an hour what we have this morning as as director killer duchy said we have fire departments from all over California we have Cal fire we have the California conservation crew hand crews we have our inmate fire crews and many others over 6,000 firefighters on the fire lines this morning across the state we've got six major fires burning but the three are critical the campfire in butte county and the two in Ventura county the hill fire and the Woolsey fire in particular the the Woolsey fire burned very rapidly overnight crossing highway 101 in Ventura county and is you know burning in a trajectory towards the Pacific coast and in this area fire history over the decades has shown under the san anna wind conditions that will be continuous throughout today there in that area will continue to drive that fire in that direction so again we are monitoring all this we're as director killer duchy said we have ordered up additional fire engines over 100 fire engines from outside of California bringing those additional resources in but we are long ways from being out of the fire fight right now we our focus is on life safety there are active rescues continuing to go on on all of these fires and in particular the campfire in butte county folks have talked about it yesterday fire conditions were critical we had hundreds of fire resources and law enforcement resources in the area but often folks talk about aircraft we have every available aircraft signed up and available and responding to us here throughout the state the challenge is high winds invisibility oftentimes hamper the ability to use those aircraft effectively but we are using them in every opportunity that we get they were flying all the fires yesterday and putting in containment lines or control lines wherever they can we will continue to put them into the fight but understand right now it's all hands on deck to rescue people and ensure getting people out of harm's way and we will continue to trigger evacuations wherever necessary to ensure we get people out of harm's way in particular butte county well practiced at organizing disasters we all know what has occurred over the years particularly in this community of paradise and the other mountain communities of fire has been in these areas before this is a community that has continued to prepare with fire safe councils they've been doing fuels treatments working very diligently but they also know the risk where they live and these were well practiced evacuations the process has been in place but understand how quickly that fires has been spreading as well as the ones in southern california again it just points right back to our message and what our message continues to be every day here in california every day is fire season somewhere in california every day we have the potential for these large damaging destructive and deadly wildland fires and so again we really put this back to the public fire agencies law enforcement public safety everyone is responding with every tool in the toolbox but we need the public to continue to listen to the message pay attention to evacuation information follow very closely all of the public safety social media ready for wildfire many others local counties law enforcement pay very close attention pay a close attention to your neighbors as folks saw in the news yesterday literally what happened in paradise was neighbor helping neighbor make sure your neighbor knows what's going on be prepared to evacuate with your neighbors so that everyone gets out we will continue to obviously prepare provide resources throughout the remainder of these conditions with that i'd like to turn it over to the commissioner of the higher patrol warren stanley thank you director pinlot and working with my partners back here from the other state agencies for these fires the three main fires that we've spoken about we have 125 personnel assigned to those fires most of those personnel assigned to the camp fire in butte county approximately 75 and they're assisting with traffic control and evacuation and other things that come up is as may be needed also down in southern california the fires in ventura county we have personnel there what we have done and so we can move our resources around more easily here all the chp offices here in sacramental county they put been put on tactical alert they are all on 12 hour shifts so we have the ability to move them around to different fires as they expand or as new fires come up in order to provide support we also have a number of air assets our helicopters for traffic monitoring also rescue if needed and as director pinlot said we're in it for the long haul we're at the very very beginning of this we appreciate the public support and and i would ask and i know my partners back here behind me would also ask that the areas where the fires are please stay out of those areas have a lot of equipment law enforcement officers fire department personnel coming in and out of there those areas moving a lot of equipment in and out to fight these fires and get them out as soon as possible so we can get the people's back people back into the neighborhood as soon as possible and with that i'd like to turn it over to david balvin the general of the california national guard thanks commissioner i'm major general dav balvin the adjutant general of california which means i command the california army national guard the air national guard and our state military reserve we currently have 185 personnel on duty predominantly providing support to the campfire that includes air crews that are flying both manned and unmanned aircraft for incident awareness we're bringing in satellite imagery experts to assist with damage assessments and fire mapping through space based systems we also have a hundred military police officers that are heading to buke county to assist the sheriff's department with evacuations and securing the evacuated areas the rest of the california national guard is on alert and prepared to deploy throughout the state if necessary i'll be followed by uh director giladucci okay thanks general balvin any questions we can answer it's still pretty hard to to assess we we know that there was a lot of movement of people trying to get out of uh out of the paradise area yesterday we know there are fatalities but we really can't put a number on it quite yet pretty early to tell anything else so the the sheriff's department in buke county was able to send information out make notifications and and a lot of that the fire moved so fast many notifications were made by deputies and other public safety personnel actually going from house to house to make notifications so it was sort of a combination of of different sort of methods for being able to make notifications do not know yet although i i think we can say with the surety we don't have any reports of public safety personnel that that have been first responders that is correct okay anything else all right thank you everyone we'll we'll move it back over to kelly and you'll identify next time we don't have another press conference scheduled for today however if things do change we will do another one here um you please pay attention to the local press conferences both in butte county and down in ventur in los angeles counties we'll also have an archive of this video for live streaming from the live stream available for people to review and then a a roll-up of the facts that came out of this press briefing so thank you everybody


And away from all of that, the House of Representatives has stepped down a motion edging the federal government to hold the proposed nationwide ban on commercial motorcycles, popularly called Okada. In terms of the motion, Representative Abubakamaki Yaleman had prayed the House to urge the federal government to restrict the proposed ban to the local government areas where the mining activities or banditry and terrorist activities take place. Yaleman, who was given the opportunity to take his motion, had also prayed the House to urge the federal government to ensure adequate political measures are prudently before such decisions are implemented. But the Deputy Speaker of the House Amit Idris Wassey, who presided over a plenary, asked that the motion be stepped down. The terrorists in the country are disclosed by the Minister of Justice, Abubakamaki Yaleman, son on 21st July 2022, while addressing journalists. Over the years that, while buying a commercial motorcycle operation across the country, as a means of curtailing security challenges, the welfare and well-being of the city will be considered for most, as the Federal Government has not offered, palliative measures to caution the expected effect on the ban. Worried that the proposed ban on motorcycle operation will render millions of Nigerian jobless, which could be catastrophic for a nation grappling in the high unemployment and poverty rates. Also worried that the ban will inflict our own hardship on the generality of Nigeria as it is a common means of transportation among the city of Nigeria, and will provide the terrorists with a pool of disparate loot to worship. You cannot imagine what is suffering today in Nigeria. I will be fine with you.  Forty-four, in post, we are given a fair opportunity. I want to say so. I want to present to you. Forty-four, I want you to be able to come. And it all has to do with this. There is no community that we are going to tackle the other that will happen that will not happen later. And this is part of the nature that they have given us, as to why everybody has to be able to handle all of the outcome. And so we have to put an end to them. Thank you very much. I want to thank my colleague who still has the notion. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Thank you very much.