Proudly, we hail. New York City, where the American stage begins, here is another program with a cast of outstanding players. Public service time has been made available by this station for your Army and your Air Force to bring you this story. As proudly we hail, Winfield Scott, great American soldier and patriot. Our story is entitled, The General Bills and Army, a great story of the early days of our great nation and of one of the brave men commemorated by the pages of history. Our first act curtain will rise in just a moment, but first, young man, why not let a thought for tomorrow be your thought for today? Right now, your United States Army, the senior service, needs qualified technicians in such varied and interesting fields as radio, radar, meteorology, photography, and many, many others. Yes, you can be trained to do a job and acquire a skill that will be of great benefit to you for the rest of your life. You can also take pride in the fact that you answered your country's call in time of great need. Why not let a thought for tomorrow be your thought for today? Visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station and enlist in the United States Army. Remember, let a thought for tomorrow be your thought for today. And now, your Army and your Air Force present the proudly we hail production, The General Bills and Army. The Life of Winfield Scott reads like a highly colored adventure story and in many respects, that's just what it was. For in a military sense alone, he managed in one way or another to become noticeably involved in most every conflict, major or minor, that our country was faced with from 1808 to the war between the states. From Lance Corporal Scott, who seized a British warship's boat crew in retaliation for similar and more flagrant actions by the British Navy to Lieutenant General Scott, Commander of the Union Armies, this Herculean man on horseback rode through the pages of American history. To try and portray his entire career in this short space would be unfair to both you and to him. And so, from the book of his life, we have chosen one exciting chapter, which we hope in some way will clearly picture the man and soldier, Winfield Scott. Washington, D.C., December 1813, President Madison is conferring with his Secretary of War, John Armstrong. Mr. President? Yes, John? I have the map. Good. Let's have a look at it. It covers the entire area. Buffalo, Delmonte, and all. So I see this Wilkinson here. What's left of his command? Queenston, Stony Creek, Burlington Heights, and now Chrysler's Field. It's a wonder we lose so many battles and still keep men under arms. It's not the men, Mr. President. I know. What about Scott? Any news of him? Hard to tell when he'll arrive, weather like this. Not going to be a very merry Christmas this year, John. No. Perhaps, Mr. Madison, I should resign. Or nonsense. There's nothing wrong with the plan of your campaign, really the execution of it. If Hampton and Wilkinson had... Well, what's the use in talking about it? From Scott we'll get a clear enough picture. He's young, full of fire, and from all indications he has the ability to lead and to succeed. You must be weary from your ride, sir. Not overly, Mr. President. Thank you. I believe you've already met Secretary Armstrong. Yes, sir. I've had the pleasure. Then if you feel up to it, I suggest we sit down and... Get to business. First Colonel Scott, I want your own appraisal of what happened at Chrysler's Field. I want to know why the Northern Campaign fell apart and why we find ourselves in such a vulnerable and desperate state. It's common knowledge that the British, a few more regiments in Canada, they'd be across our borders and on the way to Albany with little to stop them. Well, I'll do the best I can, sir. As I understand it, there were three possible plans of attack suggested by Secretary Armstrong. General Wilkinson accepted the second plan and then changed it. What do you think, John? What I've always thought, Mr. President. He may be young, but he's got a head and a heart. Frankly, he made me feel better. He certainly doesn't lack confidence. All we need is a few more scotch on land and a few more parries at sea. We'll see, Mr. Secretary. We'll see. Colonel Scott, let us suppose you were given command of the Niagara area. What would be your first act? Mr. President, I have long seen and learned through bitter experience that an untrained or a half-trained army is no army at all. Our regulars are few and more often than not, their offices are made by political appointment and so even they can hardly be effective if led by men with no military experience. The militia are even in worst rates. Some of them are not even familiar with their own muskets and their offices, for the most part, aren't fit to lead a mule train. And you would change these conditions in what manner? Just as von Steuben did at Valley Forge, sir. Before my command made one move against the British, I'd put it through the most rigorous training course I could devise. I'd teach them to drill, sir, how to deploy in battle. I'd teach them discipline and respect for their offices. In short, sir, I'd teach them how to be soldiers. And I'd start by training the officers first. And, Mr. President, if any silk pants pop and jay objected, I'd personally fling them into Lake Erie in good riddance. Which might have political repercussions. Which I respectfully suggest, Mr. President, would not be as serious as a lost war. As I must admit, there are a few splashes I'd enjoy hearing myself. Colonel Scott will speak further this tomorrow at ten. Certainly, your idea is a sound and necessary.  Give me two months, sir, and I'll do it. While Colonel Scott was expressing his opinions to President Madison in Washington, an action took place along the Niagara, which brought about an extremely serious crisis. The American commander, Brigadier General George McClure, forced to retreat from his position at Fort George when threatened by a far superior British force, burned the town of Newark, turning 400 women and children out of their homes in the dead of winter. Even though the President disavowed McClure's action, retribution was swift and terrible. The British swept across the New York border, burning and pillaging their Indian allies, massacring all who stood in their path. All American resistance along the frontier of Western New York came to an end in that dread winter of 1814. It was then that 27-year-old Colonel Scott was promoted to Brigadier General and sent to Buffalo to take charge of a new command to be made up of both regular and militia troops. Oh! Oh! Who's in charge of this outpost? Sergeant Cole, sir. Where is he? Isn't that shed down there asleep? You the only other man at this outpost? No, sir, four others. Where are they? They're down there asleep, too, sir. Why aren't you with them? Because I'm on guard, sir. What's your name? Private James O'Neill, sir. You're now Sergeant James O'Neill. Come along with me, Sergeant. Yes, sir. Where's your company headquarters? About a half-mile down the road, sir. Who's in charge? Captain Forsyte. Everybody hasn't been in camp for the last week. Ensign Stark has been in command. What about your lieutenants? They don't seem to be around either, sir. You let me handle this. Sir.  Who the devil do you think you'll be? No fancy, Dan, of an officer.  Private? Private, is it? Sergeant I am, and Sergeant I'll stay until a better man can take those stripes from me.  You stay out of this, O'Neill! Very pretty, sir.  Yes, sir. Sergeant O'Neill, you're in charge of this outpost until relieved. Post your men as you see fit. If you have any further trouble, take whatever action suits you best. That I will, sir. That I will. Good day to you. I love me. Who was that? I don't know, but I'm all for glad to see him. Pick up that slug. Gentlemen, I'd like your attention. Now, for those of you who I'm unknown to, let me introduce myself. I'm Brigadier General Winfield Scott, your new commander. As for my officers, I haven't called you together here to hold a tea. In the two days I've been here, I've reached one definite conclusion. For the most part, this army is a slovenly disorganized mess which reflects on you. I want silence! I have plans to turn this body of troops into a well-trained fighting force. And to do so, I'll need your cooperation. I not only expect it, I demand it. Any of you who are not willing to work and sweat with me are at liberty to resign your commissions here and now. To have well-trained troops, we must have well-trained officers. And I personally am going to see that you get such training. I trust that you've all read the order I've issued on the training program. So now, if you've got anything to say, let's hear it once and for all. This training program, General, how does it affect field officers? It affects all officers, major, field or otherwise. And whom may I ask who is going to conduct a training? I thought I made that clear, Major. I'll be the drill sergeant. Turned out en masse bright and early the next morning with the big 27-year-old brigadier to drill them, the officers of Fling Hill were formed into squads, issued muskets, and put through their paces unmercifully. Quad company and battalions Scott taught them to march in column in line and deploy to handle their weapons quickly and effectively. His guide was a tattered old book of French regulations issued by Napoleon and the only such textbook in the entire American Army. But molding an army isn't all drill. A fact Scott knew only too well. He set up classes for instruction in military courtesy. He insisted upon a snappy salute from the lowest buck private to a second in command. His rigid maintenance of field hygiene and camp police paid off. The encampment at Fling Hill was kept spotlessly clean. Single-handed, Winfield Scott was building himself an army. At ease, gentlemen. Well, I've got some good news for you. Your training period is over. Before you start on your men, it'll be ten hours a day, six days a week. Time is short. We have to work fast. When we take the field this time, I don't expect to go anywhere but forward. Day by day, the change takes place. Raw, clumsy recruits sweat and learn. Pride and self-respect and confidence are born and grown. Regiments find it's possible to maneuver in wooded country without getting lost. Whole brigades finally can deploy in any direction under any circumstance without getting tangled in each other's way. Winter gives way to spring, spring to early summer. June has come, and it's time to put the newly trained army to the test. Gentlemen, I regret this army must go into battle clothes and militia gray. I had hoped to lead it in regular army blue, but gray is all the quartermaster department can give us. However, gentlemen, gray or in rags, I shall lead you and be proud in that duty. You are listening to the proudly we hail production the general bills and army. Our story will continue in just a moment after this important message. Young man, if you're interested in continuing your education, here is important news for you. The senior service of our armed forces, the United States Army, urgently needs qualified technicians to operate and maintain the many kinds of equipment that science has brought into being. Right now, men are being trained in such varied fields as radio, radar, meteorology, mechanics, electronics, photography, and many, many others. This training is given by the finest technical training schools in the world. It's an excellent opportunity for young men with intelligence and ambition. It can be the start of a great career for you. For full details, visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station. Do it today. And now your Army and your Air Force present the second act of the proudly we hail production, the general bills and army. The period, the War of 1812. Lying between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie is a broad tongue of Canadian territory separated from the United States by the fast-moving Niagara River. It was the plan of the American Army to cross the river, take the British-held fort on the other side, push forward and expel the enemy from his key stronghold at Burlington. The troops would then move east along the northern rim of Lake Ontario and capture First York and then Kingston. Shortly after midnight on the morning of July 3, the first units of Major General Jacob Brown's Army began its invasion, with Winfield Scott leading the first brigade of artillery on an attack of Fort Erie. Helmsman, a bit more to port. Try to keep those poles from splashing. How can you tell where we're heading in this moxer? I made a reconnaissance yesterday, George. I know, but you could see then. Smell what I can't see. Now keep your voice down. Steady as she goes, Helmsman. Good thing we're all linked together. Couldn't pick a worse night. Nonsense, George. Stop your belly aching. Don't pick a better night. Never expect us. Can't see any better than we. Easy now, men. Ah, look there. You can just make out the shore. You two men stand by your poles and bring her in. The rest of you, over the side with me. And quietly, they'll have a picket hereabouts. Who'd go? Men, chase them out! First, they'll warn the fort. Little good, it'll do. All right, start getting those rafts in here on the double. The fort before sunrise! Fort Herry, badly under man, surrendered quickly to Scott's superior force. By the 4th of July, the entire American army was across the river and ready to move northward against Major General Reel's command, which manned the entire British right wing. Early on the morning of the 4th, Scott and his brigade pushed off to lead the advance, driving back British observation parties. Confident in their superior ability, the British fell back coolly, if somewhat hurriedly. They knew once their main body of troops came up, a few volleys and the Americans would break and run, as had happened so often in the past.  When we all get here, we'll give them something to shout about. One brigade folly and they'll run like scared rabbits. Sergeant, deploy your men along that fence. Two rounds and then fall back. Lovely day, isn't it, Henry? Well, Lieutenant Watts, enjoying yourself? Oh, yes, sir, it's been a grand day. 16 miles, we've chased them, George. Just across a million creeks and at every one, they thoughtfully removed the bridge planking. You're lucky we didn't give them time to burn their bridges. Are we going to cross the Chippewa after them, General? Well, I don't let the smell of the chase out of your senses, George. Reel's dug in over there with the main body. We don't move against them until General Brown catches up. They're falling back across Streets Creek. Bring your men in. Yes, George, what is it? Well, I'm sorry to disturb you, General, but there's a Mrs. Street outside. She lives in the farmhouse just across the creek and she'd like to speak to you. Well, show her in by all means. Come in, madam, come in. You must excuse the smallness of my tent. Sit there, won't you? Thank you, sir. Now, in what way may I serve you? There's going to be a fight here about soon, isn't there? It's a likely probability, Mrs. Street, but just where I couldn't say. My home is right across this creek. Could you see that no harm comes to it? It's all I've got. Mrs. Street, you have my word that your home will go untouched by any American troops. If you're able to get the same safeguard from the British, you can put your fears at rest. Oh, thank you, sir. Thank you. My pleasure, ma'am. If you'd like fresh vegetables and milk, I have plenty to sell. Fresh milk? It's an excellent idea. I'll detail a squad of men to take you home. George, see to it. I just thought of something else. If you and your staff would like to have breakfast at my place... Well, that's very kind of you, Mrs. Street, but we can't put you to so much trouble. It will be no trouble, sir. I promise you. And it will be a good breakfast. Well, in that case, Mrs. Street, for my staff and myself, we accept gladly. Well, Mrs. Street, you surely know the way to a man's heart. Yes, sir. If I'd had more time, I'd have served you gentlemen a real breakfast. If I had any more to eat, I wouldn't be able to move.  Excuse me. I've got to get a handkerchief. Hey, fever. Some more coffee, January. Just one more cup, Mrs. Street. I must get... For the love of general, it's a trap. Indians come across the field. Come on, run for it. We've got to reach the bridge. Save your breath and run. Full-filled stomach, no man feels like trying to break a track record, but when you're being chased by a mob of howling savages, your feelings are guided by a somewhat strong urge. Winfield Scott and his staff made the bridge in safety and worried about their digestion later. How are things with Porter, Lieutenant? He's driven their scouting parties out of the woods, sir. Good. General Brown was just here. The odds recross the Chippewa. We're going to have a battle. Find Towson, tell him to get his artillery up here on the double. Yes, sir. Colonel, pull your men in. Follow me across the creek. It was joined on the plain between the Chippewa River and Streets Creek. In order for Scott to cross the creek, he had to march his men over a narrow bridge and then deploy them right and left to face the oncoming British columns. The maneuver was executed under heavy artillery fire, and it was here that the long weeks of drill and tactics paid off. Calmly, with Scott at its head, the brigade dressed its line and began to move forward. The British general, on first seeing the Grey Clan, ranks remarked happily, Buffalo Militia, they'll run at the first follow. Take this message to General Brown at once. The 25th is in the woods, covering my left flank. Towson and his battery are on my right. With Leavenworth and McNeil's battalions, I'm attacking. The grey coats, whom the British general had mistaken for Militia, moved steadily forward. He changed his tune in amazement. He was faced by troops as calm under fire as any he had ever seen.  Who was the big dashing figure on horseback who rode at the head of his troops with a charmed light? Well, when it got down to coal iron, they'd break and run. Or, uh, would they? They say the Americans are good at long shot, but can't stand the coal iron. Who is to say to give a lie to that slander? You've lived through your first battle. Feel like another? We beat them, sir. Badly. Yes, but one battle doesn't win a war. We'll meet them again tomorrow, or the next day, or the next. It was a wonderful victory, sir. Yes, but not as you think, George. It isn't so much a victory because we won a battle. It's a victory because we've proved here today that American troops, when properly trained, are as good and better than the best. I'd like to add something to that, general, when properly trained and properly led.  General Brown wrote of the battle of Chippewa, Brigadier General Scott is entitled to the highest praise our country can bestow. To him, more than any other man, I am indebted for the victory of the fifth of July. Even though the battle was a relatively small one, and Winfield Scott went on to win bigger and greater victories both on the field and in his life, it marked an essential milestone in American military history for it proved the necessity and value of adequate training and organization. It also did much to encourage the formation and maintenance of a regular army that could be proud of itself. In 1800-15, in commemoration of the Battle of Chippewa, the War Department ordered that the uniform of the cadets at the military academy be thereafter of the gray cloth worn by the First Brigade on July 5, 1814. Proudly we hail Winfield Scott, soldier of his country. It shall not happen here. That is the unspoken prayer of every man in the United States Army. That is the unspoken reason for our growing military might. But the time has come to speak. The time has come to tell of that small phrase, those five words, it shall not happen here. Let us speak only to those young men of America who have not taken pause to think. Let's shout it in a voice that will reach into every city and village across the length and breadth of this great land. Young man, you are needed. You are needed to help preserve the peace. You are needed to serve in your United States Army to ensure for your loved ones that it shall not happen here. You are urged to visit your local United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting station at your earliest opportunity and ask about the technical careers of the United States Army. The need is urgent. This has been another program on Proudly We Hail, presented transcribed in cooperation with this station. Proudly We Hail is produced by the Recruiting Publicity Center for the United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Service. This is Kenneth Banghart speaking and inviting you to tune in the same station next week for another interesting story on Proudly We Hail.


Frontier Town, the saga of the Roaring West. Frontier Town, El Paso, Cheyenne, Calgary, Tombstone. Frontier Town. Here is the adventurous story of the early West, the tamed and the untamed. From the Pekos to Powder River, Dodge City to Poker Flat. These are the towns they fought to live in and lived to fight for. Teaming crucibles of pioneer freedom. Frontier Town. Howdy there, I'm Chad Remington, Frontier Lawyer, with my home and headquarters in the cow town known as Dos Rios. Now believe me, I'm not complaining when I say this, but I don't want any of you to get the idea that being a lawyer on the Frontier is just a business for a student of Blackstone, because it isn't. The Frontier is raw and rough, hard and boisterous, and that all adds up to the fact that even a lawyer out in the wide open spaces gets more than his share of trouble. Of course, a man who keeps his eyes open, as well as his fists ready for action, often manages to pour oil on the troubled waters. And it's about this oil that I'm interested right now. You see, just a short while ago, there was a great deal of oil poured down in the Indian Territory, and it all started one afternoon when an oil promoter known as KC, Kansas City, Lennard, and his half-breed Indian companion, Tulare, succeeded in closeting themselves with the chief of a small peaceful tribe of Indians. Chief Blufox at the Cold Springs tribe. A bottle of mescal was handy on the table in the stuffy little office. All you gotta do, chief, is make your mark on this piece of paper. Huh? Chief, no savvy, Mr. Lennard. Well, give him another drink and explain it to him in Indian lingo then, Tulare. Ruke maho nona beso tecuna. Damn it, la botusa. What'd he say? He say, what paper mean to his people? Pour him another drink. Hey, no, mescal. Huh? All right, Tulare. Now, tell Blufox that this paper just gives me the exclusive rights to drill for oil on his reservation, and that it isn't going to interfere with his people at all. Nona sa lusamana, Lennard. No bewa. Chief say he signed. Ah, you're talking? Hey, you chief, make your mark right here. Meso na mescal. Him signed paper. Now him want more. Kimono misima. Oh, chief, daughter, just come back from Indian school. Have you been giving my father mescal to drink? Why? Why? We were just talking over a little business deal. And what was that paper you were so quick to hide? Just a little business agreement me and the chief made. I wish to see that paper. Oh, yeah? Well, that happens to be a confidential business document. Just a little agreement given me the right to drill on the Cold Springs reservation for oil. Oh. When a man finds it necessary to ply another with liquor in order to enter into a contract, his motive certainly will take looking into. Manamatona. Very well. But this is certainly not the last you two are going to hear about this. It wasn't the last Mr. K. C. Lennard heard about his little transaction because chief Bluefarts' daughter, Matome, spent little time in getting a pony and riding from the reservation to my office in Dos Rios. Cherokee O'Bannon, the reformed medicine man who now owns the Dos Rios livery stable was with me at the time. And we both listened to Matome's report with frank interest but sinking feelings. You mean there is nothing you can do legally to set aside this document? Don't look at me, miss. You talked the counselor here. Matome, unless we could definitely prove that the agreement was signed under duress, I'm afraid there is nothing we can do. But they gave my father Mascale to drink. Did not know what he was doing. Mascale? He was in the court.  Rightful stuff, worse than water. Matome, even though I doubt we can have the contract voided, I don't want you to feel that I'm not going to turn heaven and earth to help you. And if we can't take care of Mr. K. C. Lennard legally, maybe we can invent a few laws of our own. Your people have been defrauded too much by the whites already. If all white men were like you, Mr. Remington, my people would have nothing to fear. Because Chad Remington is like he is, the only person who has something to fear out of this is that oil promoter, K. C. Lennard. Well, we're not going to get any place sitting around here spreading flattery. So what do you say we get our horses and ride back to Cold Springs? The town of Cold Springs itself sits on the edge of the Cold Springs Reservation, high up on the rim rock. It's not much of a town to be sure, but big enough to be a hot bed of trouble. On arriving there, we found that Lennard had rendered a shack to use as his office. And I decided to walk over and see him, because you never know if you're trying to trap a cougar or a skunk until you get close enough to see the stripes. I left Cherokee to watch the horses while I started down the dusty street on the coast. I certainly was Chad and found a better place to tie off these horses than the hitch-rack in front of the local tavern. Not only is my thirst getting stronger, but temptation grows by the minute. I wonder if I couldn't watch the horses over the bat-wing doors if I found a good place to bar inside. Wouldn't take me very long, and perhaps it would be better if I'd find someone to watch the horses for me. Here comes a fellow now. Pardon me, sir, may I have a word with you? Were you calling me, mister?  But I would like Billy Blue blazes it, but this isn't Wildcat Maxon. Cherokee. Sufferin' Joe Cherokee. When did they let you out of jail? It'll be impossible for me to answer that question, Wildcat, until I know which jail you have reference to. Yes, indeed. Yes, indeed. Well, are you still peddling that rattlesnake oil? My boy, you see, before you were a former man. I now own a livery stable, and act as a bodyguard to a prominent lawyer. Tell me, what brings you down to a saddle stop like cold springs? Last time I heard of you, you were up in the panhandle someplace near Amarillo. Well, Cherokee, you're apt to find Wildcat Maxon any place where there's oil, and a man with a paying job for a driller to get it. You mean you're down here to drill oil, Wildcat? Just arrived an hour ago. I'm gonna work for a real Wildcat-er, promoter by the name of K. C. Lennard. Lennard? Well, well, well, it's a small world after all. Tell me something. You know this Lennard? You know anything about him? Do I? I could start right now telling you about K. C. in the Trixie's poll, and I wouldn't get through till tomorrow morning. Boy, don't start the story yet. When Chad Remington gets back from Lennard's office, I want you to tell everything that you know. Well, I don't know, Cherokee. I just put my bedroll up at the hotel, and I should be getting down there myself to report for work. Of course, I don't want to impose upon your time, but I suppose we commemorate this reunion by pledging our ancient friendship with the bottle of something satisfying at the bar inside. Well, now, I really shouldn't, but since this is a special occasion, Cherokee, and you're doing the invite, then just make mine bourbon with water on the side. While Cherokee and Wildcat Maxon were picking up the threads and the whiskey glasses, one of the street brought me to the door the little shack Lennard had rented. I tried the door, but it was locked, so there was nothing for me to do except knock. Yes? You want something? Yes, I'd like to see Mr. Lennard. Boss, he busy. You come back later. Well, since I've got no place else to go, do you mind if I come in and sit down and wait for him? You go away. Come back later. You're not very hospitable, are you?  No god time. Just a minute. I don't mind leaving, but I have no intention of being shoved out. Me say, get out. Now me put you out. You local half-breed. Who do you think you are anyhow? Me show you fast. Just for that, I am going inside and wait for Lennard.  What do you want? Well, I take it you're Lennard. You'll be taking a lot more if you don't quit stalling around. What's on your mind? I want to see the paper that Chief Blufark signed here a few days ago. Yeah? Well, exactly who are you? Well, for the moment, let's just say I'm a friend of the Chief's. And for the moment, let's just say that any paper that Chief signed between him and me is confidential. Oh, so? And does that mean your contract won't bear school to me? Mister, if you want to leave here under your own power, you better start going now. You may think you're mad enough to put me out, but I don't. From what I've heard about you, you're, uh... Well, I don't think that you're a man at all.  Well, you're a lot more maverick now you're work getting out. I didn't like your ugly face when I walked in here, but maybe this beauty treatment will change it. I'm going to finish what I started to say, Lennard. The Indians out here have been taking a pretty raw deal from you and your kind.  But there's a penalty for that kind of murder, too, Lennard. And if you insist on going through with this drilling deal, you may find that you're the one being drilled. Because I've got my personal drilling equipment right here. We'll return to the second act of Six Gun Lawyer, our exciting frontier town adventure in just a few moments. And now, frontier town. Well, there was no question about it. I'd found out whether our friend Casey Lennard was a catamount or a skunk, except that in his case I suspected the stripe that ran down his back wasn't white but yellow. After my little double reception in Lennard's office, I went down to see the Indian agent and then paid a call on the federal marshal. Remington, I agree with you from the ground up. But a contract's a contract, and there's nothing we can do to break it. At least, Lennard, not that I can see. But the fact that his daughter saw them filling up the old chief with a mascara, doesn't that alter the facts in your eyes? Sure don't. Blue Fox has been known to store away a good deal of red eye on his time, and it never even affected him. Nope. As a lawyer, I guess you ought to see that despite the fact, I think this Casey Lennard is the lowest form of Wildcat promoter. As it stands, my hands are tied. As it stands? Huh? What do you mean by that? I mean, if, let's say, Lennard didn't pay his bills, and his creditors had attachments issued. You would serve the attachments, wouldn't you, and close up Lennard? Of course I would. What makes you think he isn't going to pay his bills? The way I hear it, they got real oil out where he's going to drill and lots of it. Well, to tell the truth, marshal, I can't answer your question right now. All I wanted to do was first assure myself that you were on my side of the fence. Yeah, and you get something legal I can use to close up Lennard, Remington, and you can count on me 100%. That's all I wanted to know, marshal. But I hope to be seeing you again.  I left the marshal's office and walked back to where I had left Cherokee with the horses. The horses were there, but Cherokee was no place in sight. It should have occurred to me that Cherokee would disappear through the nearest doorway. But it didn't. Not until I heard his robust laugh echoing behind me. Don Bonnet Cherokee, that's a good one. Say, did I ever tell you what happened to me with that little red hat down in Hell Passo? No, but I sure like to. You can all you like Cherokee, but it's not going to save you this time. Now go on, get outside. Hey, now just a minute. Who do you think you are anyhow? Chief orders to a partner of mine. I got a good mind to bash this bottle right over. Wait a minute there, Wildcat. Put that bottle down. This is my bosom companion, the attorney I was telling you about. Chad Remington. Well, howdy, Remington. Well, now that I've lifted the bottle up, there's no sense in wasting it, so here goes, boys. Fine company you keep, Cherokee. Chad, this is one of the oldest friends I've got in the world. Wildcat Maxxon. He's an oil-driller, and you know what? He's just arrived in Cold Springs to go to work for K. C. Lannard. K. C. Lannard? Well, that's the last straw. Now come on, you and I are getting out of here. Wait a minute. What's the matter, counselor? I want the truth now. Just how good a friend are you with Mr. Maxxon's here and vice versa? Why, I've known old Bannon for 30 years. In fact, is he used to buy the oil from me that he mixed with alcohol and call his genuine Cherokee Indian rattlesnake oil? Yes, indeed. Yes, indeed. Our friendship predates my first encounter with the law. Well, in that case, you are old friends. But there's one thing I want to know, Maxxon. What sort of a man are you who would go to work for a jasper like Lannard? Remington, I know Lannard's a no-good snake, but I'm a good oil-rigged man and a job's a job. Why? Would you be interested in doing a favor for your old friend Cherokee and also helping the... You name it, boy, and I'll do it. Fair enough. That certainly is fair enough.  Well, I bought them the drink all right, but only one. Wildcat Maxxon left the bar a few moments later to go down to report to Lannard. And Cherokee and I rode out to see Blue Fox's daughter, Matomi. Yes, of course I understand what you're saying, Mr. Remington, but it's such a thing legal. My dear princess, it's so legal that you and Chad and I are untouchable. But what about this Wildcat Maxxon? Can't something happen to him? To be perfectly honest, something could happen to Wildcat, but after even my short acquaintance with that gentleman, I doubt if anything will. In fact, about the only person anything's going to happen to is the gentleman with the mascara bottle, Casey Lannard. And what's going to happen to him is going to start happening mighty soon. Well, to lie, I never thought this would happen. You didn't go wrong, boss. I'll say it, hid. Just got a message from Wildcat Maxxon that they hit rock and snapped off the drill stem. This guy's got the coarse money. Hey, Matal, what happened now, Wildcat?  She let go and blew the pump house to smithereens. It'll be weeks before you can get that repaired. You know can blame me, boss. I just tell you what Wildcat told me. Now what happened? Now what happened? Wildcat said he'd lose six pieces of pipe down well hold and then lose fishing tool trying to pull it out. The fishing tool gone? Well, if this doesn't ruin us, nothing will. I'm starting to believe this job's jinxed. Well, Princess, cast your lovely brown eyes on that. The knot seems to have his well down quite deep. It's deep all right, but good old Casey is in a lot deeper. Well, here comes Wildcat Maxxon. Hello there, you old Wildcat, are you? Howdy, friends, and Miss... Miss... Say, just what does a fella call you? Miss Blue Fox or what? No, Mr. Maxxon. In Indian, my name is Matomi, which means the stream which always ripples white. But at college, the girls just shortened Matomi to Matty. So I guess that's my name. Wildcat, what dire disaster has overtaken Mr. Lenard today? Well, after the drill broke, we lost six lengths of pipe and then the boiler blew sky high and something real good's happened today. The credit manager, the tool company, came out to get some money and blamed if Lenard didn't give him a check. I don't see anything to laugh about in that, Mr. Maxxon, if Lenard's still able to pay his bills. Did I say he was able to pay his bills? I just said he gave the tool company a check and that check's gonna get him into a... Oh, oh, here comes Casey now.  That man is boiling man. Well, now this whole thing is starting to fit together. Now that I see the four-yard here, I know just how all these accidents happen. Why, Mr. Lenard, if you think that the four of us have been conspiring against you, that's a gross understatement of the facts.   Listen, Lenard, a lady's a lady, no matter what color the pigment is in her skin. That's a bunch of crooks, that's what you are. I'm gonna have the law on you. You won't have to wait so much time, because here comes the Marshal and some of his men now. Hey now, boys, hey now. Lenard, I got an attachment here to close up your place for non-payment of debts. My deputies have got orders to stop the work and see that nothing is tampered with or removed from the place. My mind, I wasn't that too bad after all the hard luck you've had. Well, maybe you won the first round, but there's still a lot more coming up. That's what you think, Lenard, but I've also got a warrant that's going to put you in the Calibou for the next 10 years for passing a bad check. So just so you don't miss your first lunch at the jailhouse, come on, we'd better get going.  You heard the Marshal, Lenard. Now get going. Thanks, Remington. I think he's convinced now. And oh, by the way, we've already attached his office and taken charge of his records and papers and stuff. Great, Marshal. When we went through the papers, there was a contract there signed by Chief Blufox. I don't know how it happened, but somehow or other that one little paper got too close to an oil lamp. And you know what happened? Before we could stop it, that contract was burned up. Well, with Casey Lenard on his way to jail, the drilling stopped and the contract with Blufox unfortunately burned up. We stopped long enough to take stock. How soon do you think it would be, Mr. Remington, before my people will be able to complete the well and start getting an income from it? Well, Costner, why the glum look? Because it just dawned on me that the well is now tied up for the benefit of Lenard's creditors. Yes. And nobody can touch the well until the creditors have paid off.  Oh, it was airtight, all right, but not for us. It's airtight for the creditors. But how much money will be required to satisfy the creditors? Well, that's something we've got to find out for the Marshal. But I imagine from what Wildcat said, it's close to 10,000. Then why not pay her 10,000 simoleon? Yeah, and that's a hat full of money and anybody's bank account. My boy, this is a blow. It certainly is a blow. Being a man of unstable neurotic temperament, so I'm starting to feel the need of some sort of stimulus. See you later. Just a minute there, Cherokee. Yes, Chad? This is no time to start drowning your sorrows in the cup that runs over. All of us need clear heads on our shoulders. What we need is something to stimulate our imaginations. Well, hello, Wildcat. Well, all our scheming and doing for the last two weeks has been wasted. Wasted? What do you mean wasted? All the little things we did to the well were nothing compared to what happened when the Marshal's deputy shut it down. A cable busted. The whole bloomin' drill outfit dropped down to the bottom of the well. It's sealed up now, tried in a drum. Good grief. Can anything more happen to us? You mean that there's no way of fixing the well? How can you fix it when you can't even get near it? They've got six deputy Marshal's guard in the place. Isn't there some way the tools could be gotten out of there? With the charge explosives, maybe. But with them deputies around, what chance you got? Suppose we could get rid of the deputies for you. But how could you do that? I think the Cherokee, with the help of a few bottles of that stimulant he's so anxious to get at, might entertain the deputies long enough for Wildcat to get by the guards. And by glory, the more I think about it, the more I think that's the only way out. Come on, we've got some writing to do, and I mean right now. We lost no time getting back to the reservation and the oil well, and with the skill of a successful medicine man and arm with three bottles we purchased in town, Cherokee had no trouble distracting the guards. While Maxon slipped in with his charge of explosives, Matomi and I stood off in the mesquite watching, hardly able to draw our breasts. Then suddenly we heard the unmistakable sound of a horse racing tortoise. Mr. Remington, there's a horse coming. There sure is a horse coming, and a man I'm not looking to see is riding it. Oh, Marshal. Look, he spotted us, and he's coming over. Chad, Chad, I've ridden all around. Patty's half eager looking for you. The large busted out of jail, swiped the gun and swore he's coming out to get you. Thanks, Marshal, but I don't think it's going to do him any good, because first off, he's got to find me. Well, I found you. And just what are you two doing out here at the well after dark? Well, you see, now look, Marshal, let's walk back here a ways, and we can't explain it to you. Now, just a minute, Remington. If you tour something... Town, Latinard. That must be Lennard. That last shot game away. Get back. Mr. Remington, there he goes. He's running toward the well. Don't, Lennard, you fool, keep away from that well. When Lennard started digging for oil out here on the reservation, I bet he never realized all he was doing was digging his own grave. Beats me how all that machinery and dirt fell on Lennard, and he still lived through it. Well, one thing is certain. He won't break out of the federal penitentiary the way he broke out of the Cold Springs jail. I found the whole experience mighty unnerving. So did I. And how the Indians have got their oil well, I feel the need of steadying my nerves with something potent. Oh, Cherokee, for the sake of your health, you've simply got to reform. Statistics prove that whiskey kills more men than bullets. Of course whiskey kills more men than bullets. Why, even a big bullet doesn't drink over a pint of air. Frontier Town, starring Reed Hadley and featuring Wade Crosby as a Brucell's production. Story and Direction by Paul Franklin. Music written and played by Ivan Dittmarz. Be sure to be with us again same time next week for another fine action-adventure story with your favorite young western star, Reed Hadley. And now this is Bill Foreman telling you that Frontier Town comes to you from Hollywood. Music plays


Walther came out with the new handgun. Here we have the new Walther PD-380. It has a cross-directional texturing on the grip, hammer fired gun, super terrain slide serrations, and a 3.7 inch barrel. It is double action, single action, six and a half pounds with a reset right there. Three dot sights, nine mile magazine, a very light rack. Trigger is very wide, PD-380, MSRP is 449.


Hello, my darling extraterrestrials, I am Kim, this is Dustmoth in Velikor, and I had a bit of a scheduling error this week. By scheduling error, I mean that I was literally halfway through to Kill a Kingdom when Overdrive the library app snatched it away from me. It was very, very good, and I want to know how it ends, but you can't renew e-books on Overdrive. You have to request them again, and it's automated, so I didn't really have much of a choice about it. So... And then when that was taken from me, I started to read Dread Nation, but I was not fast enough, and I'm going to the Renaissance fair tomorrow, and I'm going to the LA Festival of Books on Sunday, and really, I just had to make this video today in order to upload it by Monday. I really want to get to the point where I've got several videos in the bank so that I can, you know, have a life, but that's not how my life seems to be working out right now. So I am doing the A to Z book challenge, but not quite. More like I'm doing the A to Z bookstagram challenge. There are, like, eight different versions of this challenge. Basically, I'm going to explore my book collection and find 26 titles that begin with each consecutive letter of the alphabet, hence A to Z. Some people do it by author's last name, but I have a relatively small collection of books, so I don't have enough authors to justify that. So I'm going to do it by title. According to the guidelines that I'm using, articles like A and the can be ignored. And according to those same guidelines, because someone out there has a guardian angel and wrote this in, for the letter X, we can use a title that has the letter X in it. Because I don't know about you, but I don't know of any books that start with X. I just don't. I will try to give each book a one-sentence summary, but no promises, because I have not known for my brevity or my wit. Let's get started. The first letter of the alphabet is A, in case any of you forgot that. The Accident Season by Moira Fowley Doyle. This book is really, really weird. The bad luck comes back every October, and something bad always happens. Next is B, Blue Lily Lily Blue by Maggie Steve Otter. Oh goodness. This one is book three of The Raven Cycle, and I have no way of describing this book in one sentence. It's weird. I seemed really like weird. Is it weird that I feel like the biggest task of this book challenge is going to be moving the little things that I have on the bookshelves to get the books out. The letter C, Accord of Thorns and Roses by Sarah J Maas. This is a Beauty and the Beast retelling of a young huntress who gets kidnapped into fairyland. And nothing turns out as you expect. If you haven't checked these out, I really recommend them. Letter D, The Darkest Part of the Forest by Holly Black. This is about a young woman who... I can't tell you that. I can't tell you that either. This book is about a young woman who lives in a town that still has a very vibrant relationship with the Faye. And that's all I can tell you. The Evolution of Mara Dyer by Wait Don't Tell Me. Michelle Hodkin, I should have known that. These books I blasted through. I think I read all three of them in three days. Mara Dyer is weird. Mara Dyer kills people. Mara Dyer is very troubled. Let's go with that. Evolution. Evolution. H-I-J-K. No way. What's the letter in the alphabet that comes after E? F. F. Thank you. F. We're heading to F. Daniel go away. Daniel go away. I'm busy. The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. Oh my goodness. This book is a tragic romance that will rip your heart out of your chest and still make you love it. John Green, guys. Ladies and gentlemen, John Green. Our next letter is G. Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin. Hi, fantasy. Higher stakes. For H, we have Hell's Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones. This book is about a young lady named Sophie who is absolutely convinced that she will never find her fortune. But that's not quite how it goes.  The Invasion of the Tearling. This book is much more political than the first one. This one gets very much into the nitty gritty of how to run a kingdom and how to facilitate a war. My next letter is J. This might be cheating. But this is the screenplay for the movie Joy and it's very interesting. If you haven't seen the movie, it's very good. Oh my goodness. Jennifer Lawrence does an incredible job. But the screenplay itself is really remarkable. You should check it out. We are on to K. The King of Atolia by Megan Wayland Turner. This book is incredibly political and also like very tricky and I love them and they're amazing and everyone should read them. For L, we have The Lost Plot by Genevieve Cogman. This woman can write an adventure like nobody's business. So good. So compelling. Yes. M is for The Martian by Andy Weir. If you haven't read these books, they are dark and hilarious and scientific and improbable. N is for Naked Empire. This series took a weird sort of turn where basically Terry Goodkind kept trying to convince people that they didn't know that they were free and also what freedom meant. And these are all of the things that you should do to really capitalize on your freedom that you do have by the way. This series, this is the eighth book in the series and it's a very interesting series. It starts out much more comedic and then it takes this very self-righteous turn. If you like high fantasy, I would honestly be surprised to hear that you hadn't read them yet. But if you're just checking them out for the first time, feel free to just, you know, stop. Just give up when they start getting really annoying. Like I think around the fourth book was when I started noticing this trend and then this one just really really takes the cake. Far from the land he rules, his life and powers draining with each day, Richard Roll must help a desperate people and teach them the meaning of freedom. For O is a book that booktube adores. Our Dark Duet by V.E. Schwab. No, it's by Victoria Schwab. Different alias. This book is the sequel to the Savage Song. They live in a really interesting world where there are demons and there's a rebellion and there's like a lot of socioeconomic issues and also like political and their town has been quarantined. It's really interesting. So you should read them if you haven't already. For the letter P, we have Places No One Knows by Brenna Yovanov. This book is magical realism in high school where a young woman who is totally an insomniac astral projects into the life of a young man who is constantly inebriated. He's just always drunk and that's mainly to combat the massive amount of empathy he feels for literally everyone around him. It's very interesting and it's beautifully written. You should check out this book. Oh my goodness. The next one is Q. Oh and this one will be really easy. I was just about to be worried but this one is really easy. Boom. Super easy, see? Queen of the Tearling and Queen of Atolia. Two incredibly political books that everyone needs to read. R stands for The Raven Boys by Maggie Steve Otter. This one is the first book of the series. I already showed you Blue Lily Lily Blue.  S is for Sabriel by Garthnicks. These books are a fantasy epic in an alternate world where the dead walk and are controlled by necromancers. I'm so mad at myself because I pulled out Sabriel and I could have pulled out Saga. It's okay guys. It's just Goblet of Fire again. But Saga is such a good, such a good comic book. Oh my goodness. They are beautifully illustrated by Fiona Staples. They're written by Brian K. Vaughn who wrote Runaways and really they're just incredible and they are not for the faint of heart or the young of eyes. Uh please know that they are quite racy but they're delightful. T is for Thickest Thieves by Megan Wayland Turner. This is now the third Megan Wayland Turner that I have pulled out for this challenge. I love Megan Wayland Turner. This is the fifth book in the series so you really have to start with The Thief or the Queen of Atolia as your first book in this series but after that just like go crazy. They're so good. U is for The Unbecoming of Mara Dyer. This is again the second book of this series that I have pulled out for this challenge but they're so good they're worth the second mention. Yes. So my copy of Vicious hasn't come in the mail yet so I don't have any books that start with V. I do however have the DVDs of Veronica Mars, seasons one through three and the Blu-ray but that's not a book but if you haven't seen them they're so good. W is for The Wrath and the Dawn by Renee Adyay. These books are about a young woman who lives in a kingdom where the king takes a bride every night and kills her every morning. Charzade volunteers to be his bride and then connives to keep herself alive by telling the king's stories. It's very interesting. Now to The Dreaded X except I realized after I did that whole build-up thing with the guidelines that I own a book that starts with X. Seen aside by Orson Scott Card. I read these books out of order when I first read them because they're not well numbered. You can read them out of order but I was very confused. This is a sci-fi epic about impasses and the attempted cohabitation of three species on one planet. Three sentient species I feel like I should clarify. Sad to say I don't think I have any Y books either. Clearly there is a deficit in my book collection and I just need to buy more books. That's definitely what this means. Z. Do I have any Z books? I have no Z books either. This is a sign. This is a sign from the universe that I deserve more books. I like this. This is good. I'm really amazed that I was able to- like I have an X book. I have multiple Q books. I have many many W books. I don't have V and I don't have Y and Z. Those are so like- there is not a zookeeper's wife or a you before me in this. And I mean I'm not- I don't have a thousand books. I have maybe 200. I've never counted them before but I have a decent amount of books. Like so much so that my roommate Dan makes fun of me because he calls me four libraries. I might be five libraries now actually. Every time I get a new shipment of books he's like you're another library now and I'm like no I wish I aspire. If you like what I'm up to here make sure to subscribe because I post something every Monday and you might want to stick around. I don't know. Now tell me what is your favorite tag video? How many licks to the center of a Tootsie Pop? How does lightning work? Please tell me in comments.  Abiento!


It was a great pleasure this afternoon to meet Prime Minister Trudeau. Our discussion covered a number of issues, just returned from Europe. Operations for the economic summit in Ottawa that begins some nine days from now for the seven industrial democracies that will be in attendance. All of our nations now face a common task of reducing inflation and increasing employment and improving long-term economic prospects for a year that achieving economic is challenged in the free world. And it's this challenge that shall lie at the heart of our summit in Ottawa. We must discuss not just our problems there, but I also hope from this summit there shall come a new sense of confidence and community among the industrial nations that economic recovery can be achieved. In our meetings our countries will reaffirm our fundamental partners with each other. For many years we've shared democratic political institutions, market economic systems, and even faith in human dignity and freedom. By meeting at this summit we will express our quiet determination to defend those institutions against any threat. Finally, let me say I look forward to this summit for personal reasons. I believe it's important to the vitality of our foreign policy that I have the opportunity to renew friendship with world leaders who've already visited here in Washington and also I have an opportunity to forge new relationships with those who've recently been elected to office. Prime Minister Trudeau join us in Ottawa. All agree that we can achieve both progress and peace only through a close and continuous cooperation which this meeting symbolizes. That's the basis of our partnership and partnership is the basis of our common task. Seeing you again. Ladies and gentlemen of the press, I'll present this summit easier by accepting to meet me today and discussing frankly not so much the areas of agreement which are many, but the areas of possible disagreement amongst those seven industrialized democracies which realized way back at the beginning of these summits to see how democracies solve their difficult economic problems. If we are successful in meeting the economic challenges, the difficult ones at its states is a sign and a guarantee of the close cooperation between countries in the advancement of that technology.


This study reports that mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, can deliver sci-5-tagged antimir9 to glioblastoma multiformi, GBM, cells, which reverses the expression of the drug eflux transporter and sensitizes GBM cells to temazolamide. This article was authored by Jesse and Almonios, Sarah A. Bliss, Steven J. Greco and others.


All right. Hello, everyone. Thank you for coming. I'm giving a talk today. It's very long, so I need to read it. Maslow's security hierarchy of supply chain needs. I thought of this some time ago, and we'll kind of talk about the history of it. It's something, it's a topic near and dear to my heart. Now, I love being interrupted as I go. So if you have any questions or comments or thoughts, just yell it out. I love that. It's absolutely wonderful when people do that. So we'll kind of start with like, who am I? My name is Josh Bressers. I know many of you in the audience, which is awesome. Thank you for coming. I appreciate it. And my title is the Vice President of Security at a company called Anchor. We do the two open-source tools. Many of you may have seen our SIFT and GRIP. SIFT is an S-bomb scanner. GRIP is a vulnerability scanner. We really like the tools. We have some enterprise products as well, obviously, as many companies do. I am the host of, I'm actually working on three podcasts, but these are the two I'm going to talk about. So a hacker history podcast is one where actually Jonathan Leichu, who has that awesome hat right there, he was recently a guest on Hacker History. You should go listen. His story is fabulous.  And then I usually have to tell them like, stop talking. I'm out of time. But it's absolutely fantastic. I'm always looking for guests. So if anyone would like to be on the show and tell your story, like hit me up. Absolutely. I would love to have you. I also do a podcast called the open-source security podcast. This one is a little more off the cuff, we'll say. And I do it with a fellow named Kurt Seafridge, who I'll talk about later on in the presentation. I'm on the tech, the technical advisory council. All right, Chris is nodding his head. Committee, is it committee? Okay, whatever. For the open SSF and where the like technical people that help shepherd the group along. And then I'm a co-founder of a project called the global security database. I'm talking with a fellow named Josh Bucher, who's sitting right there. Raise your hand, Josh. On Thursday, Thursday morning, right? Thursday morning, I think. About, yeah. Am I walking too much? All right, take the lanyard off. I was told the lanyard was a good idea. That's fine, that's fine. I'll just put this right here. Sorry, everyone. All right, is that good? That seems to work, cool. All right, all right, we good? No? All right, he's giving me a stink eye. All right. All right, anyway, we'll get moving. If anyone can't hear me, just yell. We'll do my best. All right, my clicker quit working. There we go. All right, so this is where this talk began. Is on January 1st of this year, I was thinking about kind of organizing all of the stages of supply chain in some coherent way. And so I created a triangle, the Maslow hierarchy, as many of us know it as. And it was just a way for me to contextualize, like what is all these supply chain stuff? What are all these steps? How do we relate these things together? And the reason this came to be is I had some friends talking to me about reproducible builds. And I'm like, you don't have a CI system. Why are you talking about reproducible builds? Like this is madness. And so that's kind of where this all came from. It's one of the funny things about the holidays, right? As you go to people's houses, you have dinner with them, you talk about what they're up to, and then you're like, what is going on? I don't understand the world anymore. And so this is just, this is where it started.  But basically when I began this, I was like, there is an order to supply chain. And I'm going to decide what the order is and I'm going to write it down. And it turned out there's actually not really an order. But we'll talk about that a little more. And there we go. Okay, so the first thing I wanna do is there's no answers in this talk. There's none at all. And this is one of the things that I came to realize when I started working on this is what makes sense to me doesn't make sense to you. But the real problem we end up with is no one actually knows what the problem is they're trying to solve, right? I know we all love being in the meeting or someone's like, what is the actual problem we're trying to solve here?  But I mean that's kind of the case in this. And this is something as I kind of traveled down this path and started working on this is just understanding like what is going on here? What makes sense? And it became very apparent that what makes sense to me isn't gonna make sense to you. And even in the context of individual projects there are things that don't always make sense between different projects even within the same organization. And so we're gonna talk about that, right? So it's all about the questions. We're gonna talk a lot about questions today. And anyone who has kids, you know all about questions, right? But this got me thinking. So my kids are actually teenagers now. And so all they do is they talk to me when they need like food or money. But when you have small children they ask a lot of questions. And I realized the reason for that is they don't have any context to make decisions about many things, right? And this is I think where as technical people we have a lot of context. And so we love jumping to solutions. We don't always like asking the right questions. And so for example, I might say I need reproducible builds. Why? Like what is the purpose for that? Or you could say I need a vulnerability scanner. Like why? What is the purpose for that? And so I think the more I talk to people about supply chain and the more I investigate and read and just work on this, I realize that we have an obsession with solutions but we don't always understand what the problem is we're trying to solve. And so that's what we're gonna talk about. So we'll start out with this who is this Maslow person anyway? His name was Abraham Maslow. He was in a, I had to write this part down because I can't remember any of this. He was an American psychologist and worked at a bunch of universities. And he's famous for not the triangle but something called Maslow's hierarchy of needs. We'll get to the triangle in a minute. And his paper was written in 1943 and he named it a theory of human motivation. And for anyone who doesn't, I'm gonna assume most of you have a vague sense of this I don't wanna go too deep into it. But fundamentally what happened was this fellow realized that there basically there are certain stages along kind of the path of human development and understanding where like for example, if you don't have enough food to eat, you don't care about donating to charity, right? I think we can all understand that. And I think the supply chain is very similar. Where many of us have supply chains that like we're starving to death and yet we have people talking about donating to charity or volunteering or something. And it's like, I don't have time for any of this. And I'm sure many of us who are the developers working on things, we have management or partners or salespeople that are talking about volunteering while we're starving to death at the bottom of the triangle. And so I think that's kind of the thing I want us to all start thinking about, right? Is like, what does this look like for us? How does it work? And I have some examples we'll go into later. Now also just so anyone when the question time comes up like I read Reddit too, I know he didn't draw the triangle. This shows up on Reddit about once a month. So anyway, we'll keep going. Now, this is the most important slide on this presentation. When I drew the triangle, someone said that looks like the Star Wars crawl. And I thought by golly it does. And so I wrote a text pager that takes a page of text and it Star Wars crawls it up the screen by just taking text away from the middle. So this, I called this more wars. It was a ton of fun to write. Patches are welcome. I can't get it to build on Mac because it uses end curses and I'm really old and I don't know how any of the new stuff works. But if someone can make end curses build on Mac, like then we could have this on OSX and that would be great. All right, all right. So let's kind of get down to the whole point of all of this. And this is, there's an order to everything we do, right? This seems obvious when you write it down. And I think we all secretly know this is true, but I think we miss this a lot. Is A than B than C, right? There are, if we don't do things in order, we can't get them done. It's kind of like one of the best ways I had this described to me was a million years ago, this old guy I worked with, he, I was complaining about the VI editor in fact, right? Which is a modal text editor, meaning anyone who's ever used VI, you understand. If you haven't, don't try. But basically think of it, look, I love VI, I still use VI to this day, but I would never suggest anyone learn it now. But it's think of it like you have to open your fridge before you can take things out of it, right? And that was the modal nature of VI as it was described to me. And this is true of supply chain, is there are certain steps we need to take first before we can do others. Like one of my favorite examples is, I like to say like the S-bomb is the foundation of it all, right?  Well, you kind of can, but it's a lot harder. And that's kind of one of the things for us to think about is what is the order of our steps in anything we're trying to do, right? So like here's a very simple example, right? I need to scan something for vulnerabilities. What do I need? What is the order that has to happen? I need a vulnerability database, I need a vulnerability scanner, and then that's gonna spit out what I need, right? Like this makes sense. If you don't have a vulnerability database, what is your vulnerability scanner going to use? I mean, when you write this down, it's like stupidly obvious, but sometimes we need to think about these things in stupidly obvious ways because it's not always stupidly obvious, unfortunately. And gripe actually is one of the tools that Anchor writes, which is why I stole our artwork that way I could just use it. Now, here's an unsimplified example. In this one I like to pick on a lot. Before a SIG store, if you wanted to sign anything, it basically looked like this, and I know it's a silly picture, but you have to think about, you had key management. You had to store the secret for the key that was locked. You had to find a way to get the key into your CI system or whatever's going on. Like if you're getting a signed artifact from someone else, where do you get their key from? How do I trust their key? How do I know no one's tampered with their key before they gave it to me? And you end up with just like a thousand layers of madness. And I think when we look at a lot of our supply chain problems today, they look more like this than this, right? And this is what we can solve problems that look like this. We can't solve problems that look like this. Now I should also add the caveat that SIG store has simplified an enormous amount of this. If you know what SIG store is, I'm sure there's a bunch of talks about it throughout the week. Go learn it, it's amazing, I love SIG store. And it has solved tons of the hard problems around signing. And so what ends up happening though, when you have a problem that looks like this, people just don't do it. Because they say it's too hard, I give up. And I think that's what we see, especially in security all the time, is we'll tell people, oh, you need to scan your product for vulnerabilities.  Because we're doing this, you guys laugh, I've been there, it totally happens, right? So anyway, and this is where we kind of now, I want you to think about what does it mean for you? And I've got some examples we're gonna give here in a minute where I break down some of the problems I've solved. Everyone is special in this context. The way you work is not the way I work. And so I would love to tell you how to do something, but I can't. When I started writing this talk, I thought I would be able to tell you what to do. And by the time I got done, I'm like, I can't tell anyone anything. Like, what am I gonna talk about? But it's kind of what happens, right? And this is where you have to understand your threats, you have to understand your users, you have to understand what's going on. And one of the examples I use is reproducible builds. I pick on reproducible builds all the time for a variety of reasons, and partially because no one really knows what they do, and partially because it's really hard to do. And the Tor browser is one of my favorites. And cryptocurrency wallets fall into this as well. This was, I actually wrote that before the cryptocurrency like disaster started, I probably should have pulled that one. But no one likes cryptocurrency anymore. But the Tor browser is a really good example. So the Tor browser has reproducible builds. And they have those before they've had a lot of other security features. Like to my knowledge, they don't have Sbombs or publishing, I don't know if they're scanning for vulnerabilities in their product, but they've had reproducible builds for a long time. And the reason they have that is because the Tor browser has real and active adversaries that are going after their build system. This is a place where the browser itself is hosted in Git. You can look at the code, you can understand what's happening, but the build system is fundamentally a black box. And so what they needed to do is they needed a way to move the trust out of that build system into somewhere else. Because obviously for most of us with build systems today, it's like, yeah, trust us, right? And that's good enough for many of us because we don't have active adversaries going after our build system that we know of. Whereas these people do. And so the intent is they put together a reproducible build system. So they build their package and then independent third parties verify those builds. That way they can tell has our build system been compromised. It doesn't tell you anything about the security of the package they built. It doesn't tell you anything about the security of their source code. But this is one of those things, like I think a lot of times in security, we think, oh, it's a reproducible build, it must be secure. And that's obviously not the case. But that's another story I'm not going to talk about today. OK, so now we get back to the question of what is the problem you're trying to solve, right? And the big ones that always come up, and especially at this show, is going to be attestation, reproducibility, and ha, ha, ha, there are solutions not problems. And so this, again, is this is hard to do. And I'm going to keep saying this over and over again. And this is where I'm going to pick on Kurt Seaford, who is the guy I do the open-source security podcast with. Kurt works at the Cloud Security Alliance, and he manages their infrastructure. He's their director of IT, I figured his title is. But anyway, Kurt comes to me about once a month and says, I'm working with this company, and they don't have DNSSEC, and they don't have DKIM and SPIF and whatever all the other email security things are. And I always say, who cares? And then he gets mad at me. And it's fine, it's fine. But the point is, right? So DNSSEC is a great example. What is the problem DNSSEC is actually trying to solve? Because people always tell you, oh, you need DNSSEC, like why? What am I solving with DNSSEC? And fundamentally, it was about trust, right? Can I trust this DNS server? And the answer is, we don't know on historical DNS. But with things like Let's Encrypt, I think we've moved the problem from DNS to other places. And so this is one of those instances where I don't think DNSSEC necessarily solves the problem. It is a solution, but is it a solution to the problem we're trying to solve? And so this is the thing to think about. What are you actually trying to solve, right? Reproducibility is not a problem. Reproducibility is a solution. What is your problem? Upgradeability, maintainability, not problems, they are solutions. And so everyone is different, and everyone has to think about what they want to do, right? This is really, really hard. My other favorite example I'll use here is the OCSP stapling, right? So some of you probably know this, not everyone does. There's this thing in web browsers called OCSP, which stands for I have to write this one again, online certificate status protocol, right? The idea is you have all the certificates used across the world. And some of them have been compromised, or there's something wrong with them. The key might have been lost. An attacker might have gotten a whole certificate. Who knows? There's a million things that can happen. The idea is a registry was created that was intended to be the place you could put the revoked certificate information in. And so the idea is you're using your web browser. Your browser is going to ask the OCSP server, say, oh, is the certificate OK? And it's going to say yes or no. And then you keep going, right? And the idea was, well, we're going to protect users from bad certificates. Except the problem isn't quite that. Because what happened was there's actually three states when you're doing this in your browser. The certificate is known bad, right? In that case, you'd expect the browser to like flake out and not allow you there. The certificate is not in the database, which means it's probably OK. It might not have been updated yet. It could be attacked, whatever. There's a million things. Or the server doesn't respond, which happens all the time. And so now we have the question of, what do we do when the server doesn't respond? Well, if you make your web browser fail when the server doesn't respond, you can't use the web. I remember turning this on at one point and it was devastating. Your browser doesn't work because the server fails all the time. And so now you have the question. As a browser manufacturer, if I can't contact the OCSP server, what do I do? If you fail closed, the browsing experience is terrible. If you fail open, what's the point of the service? And that's kind of where we're at. So they were trying to solve a problem of bad certificates, and they solved no problem at all, is what ended up happening. And so this is another one of those examples. In security, this stuff is really, really hard to get right. I don't know what the answer is. I'm just picking on them because I can't. But it's again, what is the problem? And how do we start solving the problem? And we are so good at creating solutions. So I have some examples we'll save from my extensive experience in the industry. That's just a nice way of saying I'm really old because I am. I've seen many, many things. And we'll start with log for Jake because I, well, no, we won't. Sorry, we'll get to that one. So I have customers come to me on a regular basis and ask me all kinds of things. Yeah, I love this one. This is the best picture. So a customer will come to me and say, do you have an S-bomb for your product? That is a problem because they're asking me for an S-bomb.  This is easy to understand. Now, what do I need to get an S-bomb? And this is where I put the little triangle on the picture and I just kind of thought about. What does an S-bomb mean? I basically just need an S-bomb scanner and then I get an S-bomb. And then I give the S-bomb to customers. You know what I mean? Like, this is what Anchor does. This one's actually easy to solve for us, so it's fine. But you get the idea. Like, when we do this, if we don't have an S-bomb scanner, you can create an S-bomb without an S-bomb scanner, but it is a terrible experience. I would not suggest anyone does it by hand. It would be horrible. I'm sure Allen has horror stories of people creating them by hand thousands of years ago. But that's OK. That's where you start, right? My other one I like is so at Anchor, we work with a group called Platform One. This is actually their logo. The logo is like Chef's Kiss. I love it so much. But Platform One, it's a group that's part of the Department of Defense. I do the Air Forces behind it. And basically, the intent here is they take container images and they've created a trusted registry. So the intent is if you ever worked with the government, there is this huge list of controls you have to go through before you can deploy any software in the controlled federal environments. And it's a ton of work, and it's painful, and it takes a really, really long time. And so Platform One's goal was to say, we have this repository of containers, and we want to make it so you can just pull the containers and use them. You don't need to go through some horrible approval process. And part of this is they're running a bunch of scanners against the container images. They're looking for vulnerabilities. They're looking for misconfigurations. They're looking for all kinds of stuff. And they do a really good job. It's actually a really, really cool project. A lot of it's public. They go take a look if you're interested in it. But from my perspective, the Anchor Enterprise product is in Platform One. It's actually one of the scanners they use. But obviously, even though we're a scanner in the product, we also have to put the scanner in the product. It's this very chicken and egg thing. It's very cool. But anyway, we put our product in, and then they say, here's a list of vulnerabilities in your product. What are you going to do about this? And this is another example of what do I need to reply to this in an efficient and reasonable manner. And obviously, I need an SBOM, which also I need an SBOM scanner. But that's another story. I have my SBOM. Then I have to scan the SBOM for vulnerabilities, because the idea being the contents of the SBOM don't change. But new vulnerabilities are found constantly. So I want the ability to keep looking at the SBOM over and over and over again. So I need a vulnerability scanner. It's going to scan the SBOM. And then I need vulnerability management. And the idea here is when I'm given a scan, there's going to be false positives. There's going to be findings that I know I'm fixing in the next version. There's going to be findings that I'm going to say, I will never fix this for whatever reason. And this is where having the ability to denote all of these things when in a vulnerability management system means that I don't have to do it twice. That's the goal.  I want to see our scan. And I want to send it back to them in minutes. I don't want it to take days or weeks or months. Anyone who's ever gotten, I'll never forget when I worked at Elastic before Anchor. And this is when I started getting vulnerability scans from customers. And I was like, what is going on? What is even happening? It never happened before, really, where you'd get emails about individual vulnerabilities. But suddenly I started getting these mails with 2,000 vulnerabilities. And I'm like, what are you even doing? Where did this come from? And it was like an alarming and horrible process. And I mean, when I started, I had to build my own vulnerability management system because it didn't exist. And the S-bomb was also built by hand. It was horrible. Well, it wasn't really an S-bomb, it was a text file. But technically, right? Whatever. We all started with text files, right? But you kind of get the idea. I mean, this is one of those things that as you can build your way up, you can solve your problems faster. And it went from taking literally days to go through one of these vulnerability reports to taking minutes. And I remember it was always funny, because I'd work with sales or support. And they'd say, oh, I got another vulnerability scan. This one has 10,000 findings. And I'm on it. And two minutes later, I'd give them a reply. Because 90% of it was false positives, in most cases, where the scanner was finding things that weren't there. But it was always funny. It's like, wow, that was really fast. How'd you do that? I'm like, I'm really good. But this is my favorite, log for shell. This will be burned into our minds. We're going to be talking about log for shell at conferences for the next decade, at least, I think. But it's good, because I don't have to talk about Heartbleed anymore. But this comes up all the time, where I still, not so much anymore, mostly at Christmas time, I'd have people say, have you ever shipped log for J ever in your product, like any version ever? And this one is a really cool question, actually, because how many of us have historic versions of all the stuff we've run or shipped in the past? Like I'm sure some of us do, of course. There's the overachievers in every group. But I mean, I remember this was a problem we had in the early days of Linux distributions. I spent time working at a company that worked with Debian, and I spent time at Red Hat. And keeping archives of this stuff was important, because we want partially, because you wanted people to be able to install it forever, and partially because we needed to know what it was. We had to have a way to go look back in time. And so this is one of those questions of, if you need to look back in time for every package you have ever worked within history, can you do it? And the answer is most of us can't. Or we could today, but it would take a lot of effort. So this is the case, like in the history of the Linux distributions, it was just heavy lifting. In fact, I was part of this at one point in the past, where a human just went in with scripts and untarred all of the RPMs and then looked inside of them and it took like a month to run, because there were a lot. And you get the idea. So this is a problem. What do we do? What is our triangle look like? How do we build ourselves up from the bottom? And this one, obviously, coffee was the most important thing during Lock for Shell. But fundamentally, if you need SBOMs, you need your SBOM scanner, and there's all kinds of other steps. But fundamentally, there's this new concept called SBOM management. What if I had a system that actually, it was anyone in the talk right before this, where it was the New York Presbyterian folks talking about their daggerboard. Daggerboard, thank you. Which is part of a boat, I found out. I thought it was like a board full of daggers. That was a very cool talk. Go watch it on YouTube if you missed it after this. But it was one of those things like, how do you track this stuff? What can we do with it over time? And this is a tough one. Lock for Shell ate a lot of our Christmases, and it sucked. But I'd like to say, if we had SBOM management, it wouldn't have ruined any of our weeks. But I'm sure that's not true. All right. This is my favorite. This is my last big example. So at a station, how many of us have ever been asked by someone, are you absolutely sure you're actually running this package for real? And it's not some backdoor thing. It's not something someone found under the rug. And it's the real deal. And so this one is like my good example here, right? Now, how do we figure this all out? And so this one I've thought about a lot. This isn't completely accurate, I don't think, but I'm going to start. So we need to, obviously we're going to have an SBOM because I put SBOM at the bottom of everything. Because I think if you have an SBOM, you solve a lot of problems. We need a CI system that has the ability to check. Now, mind you also, this is best case, right? I'm not talking necessarily about where anyone's never start building the whole triangle. We have to start at the bottom and we have to work our way up, right? That's part of the point of this. So when you're at SBOM, you're going to need a CI system. The CI system has to have the ability to verify the packages you're pulling in. How do we verify packages? Well, obviously we want them signed, right? So now we need to do key management. Well, if we have a key, we're checking. And we have a key we're using to sign our stuff. Now we also need secret management because if you have a key, you have to unlock the key, right? Oh, but now we need a key server also. And then we're going to need a place to store the packages. We're downloading off the internet and it's to store the packages we're building. And then we're going to need the ability to distribute our key to the people on the other end of what we're doing. And then they have to have the ability to verify the signatures. And you can see, this really gets out of hand quickly when you do this. And no one can build all of this today. Even with SIGSR. SIGSR solves a lot of these problems. But you can't do it. Now, here's what happens. I've actually been asked this before. I don't have all these steps in place, right? We do a bunch of stuff in Anchor. Like when I was at Red Hat, we did a bunch of stuff. When I was at Elastic, we did a bunch of stuff. But we didn't do everything. And so one of the things I think we need to keep in mind is just because we don't have all the pieces doesn't mean we can't do the work. And this is an instance where if I have an Sbomb and I have logs from my CICD system, I can basically answer this question. But it's going to take a lot of manual effort. And so the thing I realize, this is the culmination of all of my thinking about this problem and going through talking to people, working through all of my examples, is saying that we obsess over the top of this triangle. As security people, it's where we live. It's what we want to be. Sometimes it feels like we want to be the cool robot that's come together from the lions instead of saying, like, I need fundamentals first. And then we'll build the lions later. That's how it works. And so I've done this, but I've done it by hand. And I would like to build it all the way up. But I recognize I can't start at the top. It's not practical. I have Sbombs now. I have a CI system.  Sigstore didn't exist at one point when we had to solve these problems. So anyway, there's a saying from, I forget who said it now. I couldn't find the quote, but it was from a DevOps person, is that you can't buy DevOps, but I'd sure like to sell it to you. And I think the supply chain is the same thing, right? We have a conference we're at that has a bunch of people upstairs that have tons of products and services that are designed to help us with our supply chain. We have a bunch of talks that are going to be all about solving some problem in the supply chain. And I think this is the thing I keep thinking about is like, this is a process. It's a journey. There's no answer. This talk is a journey. When I started, I was certain I could lay down like the steps we needed for supply chain security. And the more I did it, like the more I realized, that's not how it works. Anyone who's looked at salsa before, this is how salsa is broken apart, right? There's salsa levels, one, two, three, and four. And it's because you don't start at salsa four. No one starts at salsa four. It amuses me, actually, kind of a side note. Suze just got what certified for salsa four. And I read that, and I thought, oh, well, that makes sense. And it's because the Linux distributions, they started at salsa zero two decades ago. And then they spent 20 years building themselves into salsa four, right? It literally took 20 years. And so this is something we all have to keep in mind. You're not going to start at salsa four. You start at salsa zero, which doesn't exist. And then you work your way up from there. And I think that is the most humbling part of all of this, was just putting together all of these thoughts and understanding, like there's no answer to this. And it feels like kind of a cop-out, right? I'm giving a conference talk. I'm supposed to stand up here and tell you all what to do. Like that's the whole point, right? But there's no answer. There's no easy answer for supply chain security. Everyone's different. Everyone has to figure it out themselves. And that's just, I guess, the sad cop-out that comes at the end of this talk is I can't solve this for you. However, here's a quick slide. This will be online somewhere. These are the things I talked about. But this is really what I'm here for. If anyone here, I'll put that back up for anyone. This is where it comes to all of you. I think I want to have, this has to be a conversation, right? This isn't about someone standing up in front and spouting nonsense for half an hour. This is about all of us working together and figuring out what's next. I don't know. This is where getting involved in the open SSF is valuable. Telling your story. What are your challenges? How do we fix some of this? I don't have any answers, right? I barely have questions. And so let's chat. Questions, comments? I'd love to hear from you all. It's like stun signs. Well, I mean, we legitimately have question time, though. Which triangle? The one? Oh, I don't know, actually. That's a good question. I'm not sure where that came from. I should have known that. That would have been a valuable piece of information, I think. OK, so the question was, why would we think of the problem, I guess, as the hierarchy versus just like a threat model? You're saying, I think it's related. I think that's part of the foundation, right? Is understanding what is my system? What is going on in here? How do I look at things? And then starting to figure out, so like if this is a threat I have, how do I solve that particular threat? And I think threat modeling is actually a lovely way of clearly defining problems, because then we can look at that and say, like, this is an actual weak point. How do we make this weak point better? And I think that, I mean, from like an appsec perspective, I would say like threat modeling is the foundation of appsec, right? I think from a supply chain perspective, we don't talk about, we talk about S-bombs a lot, but I think threat modeling is probably a part of that conversation we should consider, for sure, which I haven't done before, but I will start now. So thank you. Any other questions? All right, well thank you everyone. I truly appreciate it. Thank you.


Escaping the prison of mainstream culture, notes from the edge of the narrative matrix. Many people turn to conservatism and religion because they perceive, correctly, that mainstream culture is a fraudulent sham, bereft of meaning and authentic values. Their solutions are misguided, but their reasons arise from a perception of a very real problem. It isn't actually necessary to turn to religion or conservatism to find depth, meaning, and groundedness. Depth, meaning, and groundedness are always abundantly accessible. But nothing about Western culture makes this obvious, especially in the mainstream. Turning to religion and conservatism as a solution to the degradation of mainstream culture is just replacing the modern systems of mass scale thought control with the old ones.  You need to offer them something nourishing and authentic. Nothing in mainstream liberal culture offers this, itself evidently phony, soulless, and vapid. This isn't something the left can just dismiss. There needs to be something on offer which meets these needs better than both mainstream culture and the regressive belief systems which caused so much suffering in the past. It's incredible how much money the Americans can afford to blow just on exploding stuff overseas. Their healthcare system and infrastructure must be phenomenal. Communism is such a non-thing in the West that Western rightists have to make up imaginary communist threats to be afraid of. Pretending devoutly anti-communist institutions like the Democratic Party and the World Economic Forum are communist are that woke stuff as communism.  Making an identity out of being anti-communist in the West is like making an identity out of being anti-dinosaur.  No normal person is asking for digital IDs or central bank digital currencies. They're being supplied without any demand for the benefit of the power structures supplying them. If a Western backed Ukrainian offensive on Crimea leads to a series of escalations culminating in nuclear Armageddon, only about 200 people in the entire world would think it was worth it and none of them live in Crimea. So much is lost due to the fact that modern science and academia don't research Western domestic propaganda and its effects because they don't acknowledge the existence of Western domestic propaganda. As a result, there are no studies or data anywhere in the most sophisticated and widespread psychological operation of all time. And this is of course because our academic fields are captured by the same influence interests as our media and tech and every other means of controlling the information Westerners ingest. This leaves us unable to scientifically study how we are being programmed at mass scale. Because there's not research and data, we can't even talk to most people about the most significant thing that's happening in our society. Unless you've spent countless hours researching the many systems of imperial information manipulation, it's hard to believe it's even happening. This is the only reason those who talk about Western propaganda and Silicon Valley information manipulation get branded conspiracy theorists. It's not because the evidence of our position on those issues isn't abundant, it's because it's not officially acknowledged and studied. Domestic propaganda is the most overlooked and underappreciated aspect of our civilization, because it causes people to think, speak, work, shop and vote in ways that perpetuate the status quo. You should be able to get a PhD in its study, but you can't even write a thesis on it. The most important thing you need to know about our society is that all our means of understanding our world are being aggressively and continuously interfered with by powerful people who benefit from the status quo. They're actively meddling in our perception of reality.


Hello friends, welcome to the session. I am Alka. We are going to discuss pair of linear equations in two variables. A given question is, Aftab tells his daughter, 7 years ago, I was 7 times as old as you were then. Also, 3 years from now, I shall be 3 times as old as you will be. Isn't this interesting? We have to represent this situation algebraically and graphically. Now, before starting with the solution, I would like to tell you the basic idea behind the question. That is, a pair of linear equations in two variables, the x and y, can be represented algebraically as A1x plus B1y plus C1 equal to 0 and A2x plus B2y plus C2 equal to 0. Graphically, these two equations represent a pair of straight lines. Now, let's start with the solution. From the question we see that there are two unknowns, Aftab h and his daughter's h. So, first of all, let us assume their ages. Let the present age equal to x years. Let the present age of daughter equal to y years. Now, we see that 7 years ago, Aftab was, was, present age minus 7 years. Similarly, 7 years ago, daughter was present age minus 7 years. Now, according to the question, that was 7 times as old as his daughter, so this can be written as Aftab h was 7 times his daughter's age. Or this can be written as x minus 7 equal to 7y minus 49. This is equal to x minus 7y minus 7 plus 49 equal to 0 or x minus 7y plus 42 equal to 0. So, this is our first equation. Now, again from the question we see that it is given that 3 years from now, 3 years from now Aftab will be present age plus 3 years and daughter will be present age plus 3 years. Now, according to the question, it is given that 3 times his daughter's age. Or this can be written as x plus 3 equal to 3y plus 9 or x minus 3y plus 3 minus 9 equal to 0 or x minus 3y minus 6 equal to 0. Let this be our second equation. Hence, the algebraic representation of the situation is x minus 7y plus 42 equal to 0 and x minus 3y minus 6 equal to 0. Now, we will see the graphical representation of the given situation. We see that the two equations are x minus 7y plus 42 equal to 0 and x minus 3y minus 6 equal to 0. Now, we will find the two solutions for each equation. Now, for our first equation, when we take x equal to 0, we get y equal to 6 and on taking x equal to minus 7, we get y equal to 5. Now, we will solve the second equation for x and y. Now, if we take x equal to minus 3, we get y equal to minus 3 and on taking x equal to 6, we get y equal to 0. Now, thus we see that the points A with coordinates 0 and 6 B with coordinates minus 7 and 5 represent the equation x minus 7y plus 42 equal to 0 and the points C with coordinates minus 3 and minus 3 and D with coordinates 6 and 0 represent the equation minus 3y minus 6 equal to 0. Now, we plot these points A, B, C and D on the graph. Here is the graph with x-axis and y-axis and the scale we have taken for x-axis and y-axis is 1 centimeter equal to 2 units. Now, we plot the points A, B, C and D, A with coordinates 0 and 6. So, let this be the A point with coordinates 0 and 6, B with coordinates minus 7 and 5. So, it will be B minus 7 and 5 C with coordinates minus 3 and minus 3 D with coordinates 6 and 0. Now, we will join the points A, B, C and D carefully. Thus, we see that the pink line represents the equation x minus 7y equal to minus 42 and the yellow line represents the equation x minus 3y equal to 6. Now, on further producing these lines, they will meet at the point B. So, we can say that thus the two lines A, B and C intersect at the point B with coordinates 42 and 12. Hope you understood the solution and enjoyed the session. Goodbye and take care.