Okay, we're back with a special Global Connections here on a given Tuesday afternoon and we have Carlos Suarez hooked up by remote. We are so happy to have him because there are questions we'd like to ask him. Hi Carlos. Hello Jay and good to see we, well good to connect here. I'm joining you from Puebla, Mexico and you know, we live in interesting times. Of course, Mexico in the news these last few days with the negotiations and if you can call it that or basically the announcement of a new deal with Mexico addressing, you know, the migrant crisis but also combining, you know, tough talk on trade, right, tariff, weaponization of tariffs, some have called it. Yeah, indeed.  And the thing about Mexico is that Mexico, like Canada, they're our border neighbors, they're very important to us. I was thinking on the way in, gee whiz, you know, back in the day when, you know, the Russians got involved in Cuba, that was a great threat and it's a great threat now that the Russians and the Chinese are involved in Venezuela. But can you imagine just as a possibility that the Russians got involved in Mexico, Mexico became disaffected, you know, from the United States and welcomed Russians and Chinese who set up bases, that would be the biggest threat to American security you could possibly imagine. So you guys are our buddies. Mexico is an important ally, an important neighbor, you know, always, forever and integrated into our whole country. You know, the Mexican culture is a big part of the American culture. Why are we making you a scapegoat? Why are we pushing Mexico around like this? Do you have an answer for me? Well, let me clarify it. It's not we, it's Donald Trump, because, you know, Mexico and the U.S. have a very long-standing, complex relationship. I would turn to some interesting, I was rereading an interesting interview some time ago of the famed chef now who's now left us, Anthony Bourdain, in which he talks about Mexico, a country that is so poorly understood in the U.S. but is such an important player. You know, Americans love the food, they love the culture. You know, any restaurant in the U.S. is, you know, very sickly depending on whether it's a chef or, you know, the service cooks or whatever. But more than that, I mean, I think that it's a complex relationship and interdependence, of course, but since Donald Trump came strolling down that escalator almost four years ago now, obviously Mexico has taken a pretty tough beating and it is Donald Trump and maybe his, you know, reality TV show that has painted Mexico as this, you know, this place of, well, I mean, there's no question there are challenges here and insecurity and violence and drug wars and all of that, but, you know, the way in which Trump has portrayed it has really, really been, I think it has damaged the relations and let's hope it's not something that will be irreversible, but I think there are a lot of vested interests. I mean, obviously, even the business community, in light of this recent sort of tariff war has pushed back very strongly, even many Republicans saying that's not the way you do it. However, I mean, they've now announced a so-called deal. We don't have a lot of detail about it. It remains murky, but clearly his new use of these sort of tariffs to threaten and push Mexico has forced them to bend and, you know, some would even say appease this president. So, well, it's a tough, complex set of issues. Let's try to unravel some of them and I'm looking forward to offering some perspectives maybe from Mexico that aren't always at the forefront of the U.S. media because it's, you know, it's widely talked about here. This is obviously headline news here as we speak. Well, you know, I just wonder how people feel. I mean, in January 2017, our relationship with Mexico, at least to my knowledge, was pretty robust. And I think you there at the time, you living in Puebla at the time, you can say how it was, not people felt about the U.S. And how about the Mexican government felt about the U.S.? Can you track for us how that has changed the kinds of things that have happened vis-a-vis the relationship, the diplomatic and people-to-people relationship with the U.S. and Mexico since January 2017? Well, and you're speaking there of the inauguration of Trump. I would, you know, go back to the summer before when he announced his candidacy. That was the beginning of a pretty, you know, ugly, you know, set of words that Mexico, you know, only sends rapists and drug lords and whatever, maybe some of their best, but not really. But then, of course, the election occurs. And that was seen with, like, everywhere else. Conservable dismay here because of the uncertainty it brought. So he's elected and gets inaugurated in January. And, you know, relations have been pretty tough. But traditionally, any new president in Mexico or in the U.S., one of their first foreign visits is usually to meet with their counterpart. They go to Ottawa for a quick lunch, or they meet at the border, or maybe the Mexican president might visit the U.S. That has not happened. They have never met to this date. Moreover, I would even remind you, given the, you know, the many vacancies in the U.S. government, to this date, we still do not have a U.S. ambassador in Mexico, one of the most important trading partners and, you know, and allies. And there is an acting, you know, charge rate affairs, but no approved by ambassador. But that aside, I mean, the relationship has been interesting to see because it came at a time when Mexico itself is also transitioned to a new president. And about a year ago in July, they elected a new populist from the left, a leftist leader, the first to come to Mexico in quite a long time. He was inaugurated now in December. So he's been in office about six months. He has not had any real, you know, interaction with Trump whatsoever. And his main focus has been domestic, domestic agenda. And as much as he's tried to avoid Trump, in fact, he's had a pretty good strategy just to not pay much attention and sort of look the other way. But now this most recent crisis has forced him to have to negotiate and send his team, his foreign minister and the ambassador there in Mexico, I'm sorry, in Washington, had to negotiate. While Trump was in Europe, they had to go to the White House and meet with Pompeo and, you know, other top officials. But interestingly, given the uncertainty of U.S. foreign policy, you know, Trump is sending out tweets.  So very interesting, you know, we now have the announcement just in the last few days of a new deal that's been made, but a lot of confusion because, you know, what do we have? What is the deal other than Mexico having a commitment to beef up and take on the question of Central American migrants more, we're still just teasing out some of the puzzles. A lot of back and forth, perhaps you've seen in the media that, you know, Trump denounced the deal and many others in the media saying, well, the agreements that were, you know, set to have been made had already been made months back. And so what is new about this deal, but more than that, then I'd like to unravel in our conversation some of the aspects, particularly from Mexico's side that are going to be challenging because both the U.S. and Mexico will face logistical hurdles to try to, you know, carry out some of these promises. And of course, one of them is Mexico has apparently agreed to deploy a newly formed National Guard, which as I'll suggest right now, it doesn't even exist yet, but the idea is that this new National Guard is going to be sent to intercept and possibly deport migrants who cross the southern border with Guatemala. And Mexico doesn't have this force yet trained and ready to deal with the asylum seekers, et cetera. So it's going to be interesting among other things to see how that plays out. That's one aspect beyond that, you know, Mexico's own capacity to absorb what are quite frankly, large growing number of migrants is becoming quite an issue, both at the border and as well, both the southern border and, you know, in the border cities there as they wait to try to get processed into the U.S. So major capacity issues for Mexico. Let me add one last thing and that is that, you know, for Mexico, of course, a top priority is a commitment to address development assistance and aid in Central America, what is seen as the source of the problem. In other words, if they're fleeing violence and underdevelopment of poverty, the solution has to be helping those countries get out of that. The U.S. has not seen that as a top priority and even if you recall a few months ago, President Trump announcing he was going to cut off all aid to Central America if they didn't behave or do something, if anything, that would probably make the situation worse. It's not clear what he wants, you know, but he wants to make it somebody else's problem, not his problem. He doesn't want to take any responsibility. It goes back to, you know, the whole thing about the wall. We'll have Mexico pay for the wall, really? Billions and billions? And was there any commitment for that? Was there even any discussion about that? No, we'll have Mexico pay for the wall. The other sort of cultural strain in Trump's administration is we make agreements except nobody knows what they are. Secret agreements, if you will. That's my favorite part. It reminds me of all these elements of secrecy around his agreement with Kim Jong-un, the first time, which actually wasn't an agreement. And then we have another meeting, a Nothing Burger meeting in Singapore, and that was not an agreement. So we don't have an agreement. You know, this is all charade, it seems like to me. And then, you know, when the New York Times called him on the fact that these principal points, as you mentioned, were agreed before and the Mexico would undertake those things, then he says, well, no, it's not that. What a lie, it's not that, he says. It's a secret agreement. But then they asked him, what are the terms of the secret agreement? Can presidents make secret agreements and keep them from the public? What kind of, you know, what kind of, what kind of really old-time nonsense is that? Demagoguery. So have you heard anything about a secret agreement, Carlos? Well, you know, today in the White House lawn, he was pressed by a group of reporters and he whips out a little piece of paper from his pocket and waves it, a folded paper saying, here's the secret agreement. Now, apparently what the agreement is that, basically they're gonna meet in 45 days and if Mexico hasn't done enough, they're gonna be requested to do more, like the next level. But as best we can tell, and here, again, mixed signals. The Mexican government comes back and is saying some different things. Among other things, Trump, for example, made some reference in his tweets that Mexico had agreed to buy more agricultural products. Here, the foreign minister's saying, no, agriculture was not on the agenda of our guys' discussion. And so a lot of inconsistencies. And I think what it boils down to, and we've seen it whether you, like you said, on North Korea, on, you know, whether it's with China or other issues, what we might describe as Trump's policy is first, create a crisis. Number two, the media responds and goes berserk. Number three, try to solve it and then take credit for having solved the problem that you created to begin with. So this issue with Mexico, again, it's, you know, he's using it in many different ways, putting all his babies together. Migration or immigration is one of his hot issues.  He negotiates a NAFTA 2.0, which, you know, has some valuable, it hasn't been a ratified yet, but it has some important upgrades and changes. But it is simply a, you know, a new version of NAFTA if it gets through. And of course, this most recent crisis suggests that even in the US Congress, it's gotten more difficult. I think there's a real risk that if Mexico continues to be bullied, here there will be real pressure to say, why should we sign a change? Because frankly, no change means that the current NAFTA that we've had for 25 years continues. You can't just overnight eliminate that. That involves a whole nother process. So like he has said, he's gonna somehow trash or eliminate NAFTA. It's not that easy. I mean, yes, he can impose tariffs on pain and suffering. But this other deal that was negotiated last year, again, in a very similar heightened tension, hasn't been ratified because the Mexican Congress here is new. They haven't taken it up. The Senate there in the US has not taken it up. The Canadian Parliament has not taken it up. So his so-called deal-making, there's a lot that remains to be seen. Well, so it's all grandstanding. And you know, the newspapers, the responsible ones have pointed this out that he, as you said, he creates the crisis. He solves the crisis. He calls himself a winner. This happens over and over again. You know, the MO is so clear. And I wonder if anybody buys it anymore. I mean, what the press has been saying, the press I read anyway, in the last few days is we know the story. We know what he does. The narrative is always the same. And it's always a crock. So don't we realize that? Why do we buy it again and again? Somebody's got to call his bluff on this. And maybe the people who have to call his bluff on this are the other countries that, you know, that he is lambasting this way. And you know, as easy as that might be to say, the reality for a country like Mexico, it is the weaker partner. This is a very asymmetrical relationship. It always has been. The US has, you know, for many, many years in this relationship been the heavy-handed, big bully pushing around its way, not in the same way that Trump is doing now. This is obviously a very, almost a mean-spirited bully. But in general, the US has always gotten Mexico to sort of comply and hold it to certain things because Mexico needs the US more than the US needs Mexico. And Donald Trump understands that. So he sees this terror war as a clear way of squeezing Mexico to make some commitments. And Mexico has had to. The president here has put in an untenable position because there's so much at risk. If the economy goes into a tailspin, he is suddenly unable to address his policy agenda. But it has a real risk also of, I think a lot of pushback of anti-Americanism. I mean, it's always been there and it always is there, especially in Mexico's foreign policy. But even today, I think in dialogues here and in the social media, you see a growing disenchantment. Let's boycott American goods. Let's easier said than done because Mexico is wholly dependent on the US for its exports, for its import. However, you mentioned earlier places like Russia and China. China is a player here. It is not on the level that it is in South America. You have countries like Peru and Bolivia, even Venezuela where China is becoming the major pop foreign investor, mainly countries that have minerals and natural resources. But in Mexico, it is here, but it doesn't have the same dependence partly because the US is so much more significant, obviously through NAFTA. NAFTA has deepened that integration of the three economies, Mexico with Canada into the US. But I can assure you there is a growing sentiment that Mexico needs to try to move away from this heavy, heavy dependence. Again, easier said than done because the system is set up to perpetuate and continue this high interdependence.  We were all led to believe a few weeks ago that Trump had a deal. This is before any discussion of the five to 25% tariffs that Trump had a deal. He came out, he said, I've succeeded. Yet again, I've succeeded. We have a deal with Mexico. We worked it out. And then all of a sudden, we didn't have a deal. And now, then all of a sudden, he's doing the five to 25% tariffs and he's claiming that Mexico is not doing its job. And now we need to make another deal. That surprised me because I felt that we already had a deal. He negotiated a deal. And what I get from this president is that when he tells you he has a deal, you can't believe him. There is no deal. And he uses this discussion of the deal, this lie about a deal as a technique for getting on the headlines yet again. So am I right about this, Carlos? It seemed to me that what he was saying and what Mexico might have been celebrating even without knowing what the deal was was like three or four weeks ago, there was a deal. And all of a sudden, there wasn't a deal. It's double think. What I get also is that in these tariff situations, he wants to go back to NAFTA without even knowing what NAFTA said. And the same thing in the Trans-Pacific Agreement, he wants to do these multirather, he wants to do these bilateral negotiations instead of multi-tariff. He doesn't understand what the multi was or is. He just pulls out of it because at some fundamental visceral level, he thinks he's gonna do better at bullying one country at a time. Am I right? What's your thought about that? Well, absolutely. I mean, he in now two and a half years into the presidency, he has had a clear disdain for any multilateralism and for basically the system that's been in place now over the last 75 years after World War II, we established in the US basically set up the system of multilateral institutions, cooperation, coordination in the post-Cold War period. That's what it's been characterized by. I suppose, I don't know. I mean, you can read into it. Maybe it's his real estate background where he makes the deals directly and he prefers that one-to-one. The reality of the global economy is that by the US taking itself out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership you mentioned, it has weakened the US position. It has given more strength to China, in particularly in that Asia-Pacific region, et cetera. And you see him when he goes to these multilateral conferences. He's obviously so uncomfortable. He doesn't do well in those kind of settings and has this idea that he can make better deals. Well, we're clearly by now seeing that these so-called deals leave a lot to be said. And with the case of Mexico, I mean, they've been pushed against the wall and this terror threat, a very, you could almost say, an existential threat for Mexico. It had very little choice and very little ability to get anything out of it other than to hope for the best. And so when the announcement was made just a few days ago here, it's like sigh of relief and the government here trying to put its best spin on it. They even arranged this past Saturday after the deal was announced Friday, the president brought a lot of governors and business leaders to Tijuana, have a big rally of their own and somehow to claim that Mexico had saved its dignity and a way of trying to bring out the best spin on it.  I should make that clear, although polarizing in his own way, but he has a very large base. And these are not so interested in the nuance and details of policy, but more they just see him as representing a radical shift from the past, past system. And yet this is a president who does, much like Trump is uncomfortable and multilateral, this new president in Mexico, López Obrador, is not a very globally oriented person. He speaks no English. He has no interest in traveling outside of the country. He sold the presidential plane. He's already announced, he's not gonna go to the G20 meeting, which so many have seen as, this is one of Mexico's forums where they can be a leader of the developing countries, but he is also very uncomfortable, I think in addressing foreign policy issues. And yet this issue made it hard for him to get around and he had to deal and send his team to try and negotiate. But in the end, negotiate with a very powerful, larger player. And in this case, a bully who in the form of Trump has been able to push through some agreements that Mexico is now committed to do. But again, no details, we don't have a publicly released statement. A comment on real estate negotiation you refilled too earlier. And I think that does define him. In his real estate practice, I think probably well known that what he would do is never make the deal. Always do a changeup, always surprise everyone and keep on moving the ball so no one knew where his bargaining position is. So you could never make a deal and people would get very frustrated that the opposite negotiators get very frustrated. They would see him do these bizarre and threatening things and then they would say to themselves, my God, we're locked in with this guy, but he's unable to make a deal, doesn't wanna make a deal. So they get very hungry to make any deal at all and they wind up chasing him in order to make a deal they think. You know, the old rule of practicing law negotiating is you never make two offers in a row because that means you're chasing the other guy's position, can't do that. You have to make a proposition, the other guy makes a counter offer and so forth. But he's one of these guys that never makes a real offer because it's always a fake offer. And doing this on a diplomatic level is very problematic because it leaves the president of Mexico in general in a real pickle. How do they negotiate with that? So I'm getting from what you say that the president of Mexico doesn't wanna go to the G20, which is only in a week or two, right? It's coming up right away. He doesn't wanna go there because he doesn't wanna spend time with this shadow boxing kind of negotiation with Trump. And my question to you Carlos is what should he do? What should Mexico do at this point to secure its own future? Yeah, it's interesting. And let me make clear, his decision, the president of Mexico's decision not to go to G20 doesn't have much to do with Trump. It's his own uneasiness with foreign affairs and his priority to address the domestic here. Now, beyond that, what can Mexico do? I mean, my sense is that they really, I think they should be reaching out to other allies, to Canada, to other Latin Americans, to Europeans try to somehow gain some support for their position. In this crisis over the Central Americans, for example, for the Mexicans, it's all about human rights. It's about the poverty and inequality and that crisis. And so those are issues that for the US are more secondary. For the US, it's all about just stopping the flow and the illegal, well, the asylum seekers, et cetera. But here I think Mexico is also troubled because they don't have a very clearly defined foreign policy agenda. Even the domestic policy, which is his priority, he's got certain areas, but it's also very muddled. The president came to office without having to spell out a lot of details other than to say he's gonna end corruption, he's gonna change the way they do business, and he is, he's a different style. No question about that. But it remains to be seen if he's gonna be successful. Unfortunately, in this relationship with the US, he, you know, I think another advice that he's taken, which I think is also good, is not to pay as much attention to Trump when you don't have to. Of course, when you're being threatened with tariffs, you have to somehow stand up and figure out what to do. But not to get in a shouting match, not to somehow even directly confront him. And so that strategy of somehow keeping it under the radar and ignoring him is really what they've tried to do here. That's tragic because it's not a negotiation of equals that way. And I think largely what Trump is doing is playing a racist game with Mexico, as with other countries. But you mentioned earlier, Mexico's ability to absorb the migrants and people who are seeking shelter and sanctuary from the Central America is a big problem. And actually, the US could do something to solve that problem, what Trump is doing is the reverse. He's doing whatever he can to exacerbate that problem. Anyway, they're coming across your Southern border from Guatemala. They have a lot of trouble getting through Mexico and getting to the US Southern border. And where are they winding up? And does Mexico have the resources and the political will to take care of them? And how does this affect Mexican society when you have this hole in the boat where you really can't solve a problem that keeps on happening? Well, yeah, a couple of quick things. And on one hand, Mexico is, I think, reaching a point of capacity and ability to just deal with this. And I mentioned this newly formed National Guard. It exists on paper. It's basically barely getting put together. In February, the Congress passed a new law and the president came to office with this idea because as you well know, there's been such a rise of violence here for the last 20 years, criminal organizations, the narco cartels, and Mexico about 10, 11, maybe 12 years ago now, 13 years ago, under a previous president, they basically put the military into the drug war. And that basically corrupted the military. Before that, the military was relatively free of corruption. The police has always had that. And so with this notorious corruption and the police and the military, his idea was, well, we're gonna create this new National Guard. Well, what is the National Guard? It's basically former military, former federal police that are giving a new uniform, but they are a new entity, again, still in the works, haven't been trained yet. Although the agreement that was announced says now that they're gonna send 6,000 of these National Guard to the border, really, again, they're just military that have been given a new color uniform. They've had nothing to do with human rights and there's nothing to do with social safety net and taking care of people who are disadvantaged. What is Mexico? What can Mexico do about that? No, well, that's again, part of the idea of this guard is that they're supposed to be trained different, different from police, different from military, to address human rights issues, to address maybe more of the social conditions and so on. But you can't just put on a switch and take a military who's been trained in how to kill and use deadly force and suddenly give them a few crash courses and PowerPoints on how to defend human rights. So it's not gonna be a solution that's gonna happen right away or soon. And there's a quick point I wanted to say is that there's a sense down here that Mexico, once again, is being asked to do the dirty work for Mexico, to be the one that has to close that southern border and basically be the nasty one to deport them all. Mexico has been doing that actually now since about January. I think there've been 11,000 migrants that have come through that have been deported back. And it's a real challenge of Mexico's capacity. And again, when you look at the fear and uncertainty about the economy with the threats of tariff, Mexico's capacity would be even hindered more to be able to do that. And another final point is that by moving these troops or this new force that doesn't even exist towards the southern border, it is taking them away from where they would otherwise be addressing the criminal organizations and networks and drug cartels. So this happened actually some years ago under Obama about four or five years ago, similar pressure to stop the flow of unaccompanied minors that began coming. Well, they did stop that, but it also meant there was a void and a vacuum in other parts where violence suddenly went up. So very challenging issues. I think at one point I take from that is that this has an effect on Mexican society and Mexican politics and the Mexican economy, even though it's just been a war of words so far and a war of, well, Trump making lies, hither and yon. The fact is all of that has a terrifically negative effect. And right now I would say the United States policy toward Mexico is a complete train wreck, a complete train wreck on both sides of the border. I mean, after all that noise about how we needed all these billions of dollars and needed to nationalize the National Guard, you know what he has them doing? He has them painting the fence, painting the fence. You can't get a contractor to do that. He's got the Army painting the fence. They tell me that is emblematic of the train wreck. Well, let me ask you one last question and then we gotta go. And that is what do you see in the future on this? How is this gonna play out? It's not clear that he's gonna be thrown out of office in November next year. But what is gonna happen here? It doesn't paint a good picture right now. And I wonder what your thoughts are looking forward. You're right in the middle of Mexico. You see it all. What do you think is gonna happen, Carlos? You know, I see this so-called deal that again we don't have many details about. It's simply kicking the can down the road again. They're said to be meeting again in 45 days to assess, you know, has Mexico done enough? And well, frankly, what I see happening here and many here in Mexico, particularly the more informed intellectual elites recognizes as it's a way of Trump diverting attention to all the crises he has from the investigations and other domestic politics there. And so this becomes an easy whipping tool to somehow draw attention to this and whip up the base because immigration is a powerful force and the trade issue. And his ability, as much as we may not like it, he can claim whether, you know, the Beatles are right or wrong, that he can claim that he has now pressured Mexico to agree to do certain things, whether they agreed already or whatever. Let me add just finally that here within Mexico, you know, in general, there has been some support for the migrants that are coming through. They understand that Mexico is a transit country and this new government has even opened up in the early days of January, February, offering them work visas, offering them opportunities to stay. But as this crisis continues and gets difficult to manage, there's also a fair amount of discrimination and resentment in parts of Mexico towards the Central Americans. Many of them are stuck on the borders now and, you know, a big city like Tijuana and maybe see the Juarez, they can absorb a fair number as they always have, but it's reaching a boiling point and you're gonna probably, I can predict, you're gonna see probably some violence erupting more in some of these shelters and places that don't have a capacity. The Mexican government doesn't have a capacity. So today we have mostly religious groups and NGOs that are servicing this large migrant population. And the solution for the U.S. is they want Mexico to take care of all the dirty problems, to process the asylum seekers here, to hold them basically as a sort of a safe third country, you know, agreement that they're still trying to unravel. It's a mess and it doesn't look like it's gonna be solved anytime soon. I can anticipate we're gonna see this more on the agenda in the weeks and months ahead and it will remain on the political agenda for the U.S. And for this new president here, he would probably, at hope to keep his focus on domestic politics, this issue is gonna continue to challenge him and without any easy solutions. Well, thank you, Carlos. It's a dreadful picture. I hope things improve. And I look forward to talking with you again on Global Connection. So nice to have your input on this issue. Such an important issue. Thank you so much, Carlos. Thank you and Aloha. Aloha. Aloha.


The challenge of the Yukon It's King's swiftest and strongest lead dog of the North country Blazing the trail for Sergeant Preston of the Northwest mounted police in his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers Gold discovered in the Yukon a stampede to the Klondike in the greedy race for riches Now back to the days of the gold rush when Sergeant Preston and his wonder dog King Battle through storm and snow to preserve blonde order as they met the challenge of the Yukon Ned Greer and Jack Ratner let their dog team near the creek in the darkness and Walk cautiously toward the small cabin in the woods that was lighted by a dimly burning lantern Though there were no windows in the tiny house a dim streak of light shown under the crack of the door and The two men stopped under a pine tree a short distance away Looks as if old man Stevens is still up. It's late Maybe he went to sleep without blowing out the lantern. I think we'd better wait a while and not too long It's cold. What if he is awake? He's no match for the two of us We may have a gun an old man living alone like this He's got the gold you say he has he'd have some protection. He probably can't shoot it too good Anyway, he feels perfectly safe out here all these old sourdough's think that if they're out in the woods far enough nobody will bother I bet he doesn't even lock his door. Maybe you won't have enough gold for us to bother. Oh, yes.  He's been working it a long time It'll be enough to give us a start Maybe we can buy a good claim Instead of spending half of our lives trying to find nobody'd ever find the old codger out here that sure And I talked to him the other day He said that I was the first man he'd seen since he went to the trading post four months ago Come on, then let's not wait any longer We'll go right in quietly without knocking That's just Joe. We came to pay a little visit And you're up to no good to use of knocked at the door You better get out of here now grand pa. Is that the way to treat visitors? I wonder now get out. He's got a gun.   I'll help you Hey, I'll roll up your sleeve the old man won't matter to his gun away from him You were lucky a little more to the right and he'd have got me through the hot early didn't it's ain't bad The bullet went through the fleshy part of your arm But it's bleeding hard the bullet must have hit an artery or a vein. There's a piece of cloth hanging on that nail I'll bind it up with it. If you can just stop this bleeding. Yeah Yes, let's do it. Oh What are we going to do with the old man? I'll tie him up and we look for his gold. Couldn't we stay here tonight? I feel kind of weak you'll be able to travel. All right Can't take a chance on staying here Trapper someone might come by Take the gold and try to get as far as Turtle Lake But that's about five miles from hell the farther the better right on the sled part of the time Those three mangy dogs we have can hardly pull the sled now My ride will have to drop some of the supplies so you can pick up some more at the new trading post on Turtle Lake Their arms fixed I'll look for the gold if you tie the old man up Are we going to cut him loose before we leave here? Let him run for help somewhere. Do you think I'm crazy? But he'll freeze to death this cabin will be cold as the outdoors in 24 hours. You'll have to take that chance Maybe someone will cut him loose before that, but it certainly isn't gonna be me I'd better get him tied to a chair before he comes to Then we'll find the golden head for Turtle Lake It was early morning, but darkness still enveloped the land when Jake and Ned neared Turtle Lake The dogs were tired and crept along slowly while Ned staggered beside the sled We've got to stop My arm is starting to bleed again. There's a trading post just a little bit far We've got to keep going. Is it safe to stop there? Sure Aren't any cabins near it There it is straight ahead Must you lazy? We only had a decent dog team they'll be all right after some rest the man who owns a trading post He might be curious about my arm ever of mine. That's all right. Let me handle it.  I never knew this post was here. It hasn't been here long We'll be safe here until we get some rest anyway Who is it sorry to wake you up, but we had trouble my partner's been shot. Well, come in come in Sorry, I kept you waiting. I was down to sleep Just wait a minute now turn that lantern up so we can see better. Sorry to disturb you like this. Oh, that's all right What happened to you someone tried to rob it He's hiding on the trail Guess you didn't know there were two of us Shot my partner here, but when I shot back at him he ran I don't know whether I nicked him or not I was riding on the sled and he couldn't see me in the dark. Well, you were lucky. We've had lots of robberies on the trail Sit down here, mister. I'll see what I can do for you. Thanks. I Need rest more than anything I'm weak didn't stop the camp after Ned got shot Thought I better get him to shelter someplace quick Well, you can both go to bed right there in my back room sleep as long as you please. I don't expect many customers today I did a lot of business the first part of this week.  I'll have a look at that arm He just tied a piece of rag around it to keep it from bleeding too much. Hey Is that an iron safe you got back there? Yeah, I brought it with me It's too far to Dawson to get the money there often enough. Well, maybe you'd keep ours there for the night We're taking our gold to Dawson to the bank. Well, sure. I'll be glad to I Do it for a lot of the miners around here Keep it for weeks at a time. I'll bring it in then without on the sled I go and feed the dogs and put them in the woodshed. Good idea. In the meantime, I'll fix your friend's arm And you can have a good sleep. Oh, let's see. I Better get some hot water and walk it first Sergeant Preston of the Northwest Mottet police was headed for the Dawson trail His big dog King ran free ahead of the team as they crossed Turtle Lake early that morning Fighting beside the Monty was Jacques Fontaine a French trapper. He was lucky for me.  She's big help that I could give you a lift shark That supper you cooked for me last night was well worth all the help I can give you It is good. We have no trading force here on Turtle Lake No, I do not have to go all the way to Dawson. I stopped there a week ago Oh, Bill Daniels running it. Good friend of mine. I knew him in Dawson. Bill. He's fine man We have easy trip today. I'm glad that's no it's not yesterday. Just about three inches fell The looks of the sky. We're gonna get some more of it today, though It looked like smooth Come on No, mr.  Come on king Yes, thinly of ice froze over it and snow covered the ice. I rub him off of this blanket. Come here boy Maybe you should wrap him in blanket. No, I know Jacques. It'll be better for your runs It'll keep the water from freezing on him. We're quite close to Bill's trading post. I'll let him dry off there All right, King up front boy A certain Preston and Jacques near the trading post they crossed the trail of the dog sled that led down from the woods Ned's staggering tracks were outlined clearly in the fresh snow and red steam stood out clearly in the whiteness where his arm had Bled shock. Look at those tracks. That looks like blood Someone is hurt That is blood sure not those tracks lead right to Bill's trading post. Maybe he stopped there for help There is other man with him. We'll find out soon enough here.   Why no, thanks bill. I stayed with Jacques last night. We had breakfast before we left this morning I'll give you some tea anyway that I would like I'll have to wait here little King gets dry The ice is caked on him. Yeah, better give him a rub down sir. Is it here? Use a sack.  I'm glad to staff here, Sergeant two men came in a couple of hours ago One of them has been shot shot as we saw the tracks in the snow Yeah, someone tried to hold them up on the trail where they run. No, they got away The wounded man's partners shot at the rubber, but thinks he missed him. I'm still here. They're both asleep in the back room They were so tired. They could hardly stand The one who was shot lost a lot of blood. It's quite weak. Well, it went right through his arm It is good. He has you to fix it as I'm gonna be all right He needs rest or were they carrying any gold? Oh, yeah, it's quite a bit Put it my safe for them. This is case for you, Sergeant. You say this happened to them last night. Yep I came straight here. There's a fresh snowfall yesterday If I could backtrack I might be able to pick up the trail of the man who shot him Them track are clear in snow. Do you want me to wake them up so you can talk to them? Did they got a look at the person who held them up? No, they didn't they said it was dark when it happened They've been quite a few hold-ups on the trail, so they got away fast It's good. Oh, there's no use in waking them then. I better leave for the snow starts falling We're due for another storm.  Me. I am good at tracking Good idea, Jacques. You want to come? I'm not going to be able to wait till King's dry. I'll leave him here with you, Bill Even though we're good friends. I'm afraid he won't like that very well I don't mean keep him here till I get back Wait till he's dry and then let him out He'll follow my trail and catch up with us. Maybe that's where I'll be. He is a long way from here We'll be able to trail him if the snow doesn't start too soon. Well, come on, Jacques. We can't wait for tea No, King. Sorry old boy, but you're staying here for a while. Good luck, Sergeant Let King follow you later on A short time after Sergeant Preston and Jacques left the trading post Jake awoke in the back room Ned was snoring beside him and Jake shook him Ned. Ned, wake up Ned. Oh, my arm. Hey. What's the idea? Look, we've had enough rest. We got to get going. Not yet I'm tired. I say it's daylight. We can't stay here too long. Someone might find old Joe. Now. Come on. All right. Oh My arm is stiff. You'll be able to travel all right, won't you? I guess so I'm glad it's my left arm.  What do you mean? Look, you came back here and went to sleep before I could tell you my plans I let Bill put our gold in his safe before I came to bed. Well, he's honest He'll give it to us. Sure That ain't all he's gonna give it. Huh? He's got more in that safe than our gold. Got other people's gold in some of his own The main way he opens that safe to give us ours. We take the rest and leave. Here look Look who this wind that's back in the snow Tracks will be covered in an hour. Nobody. I know we were here at all. Come on. It's perfect. Yeah. Yeah, you're right I'll get my boots on Come on out right away. I'll go ahead and see if the coast is clear. Good morning You up already? Yep. I guess we better be hurrying along. Had a good sleep. How about some breakfast? Get the top for you. No, I'll wait for Ned. He'll be out in a minute In the meantime, I think I'll get the sled ready to leave. Do you mind giving me the gold we left in your safe? I'd like to pack it on the sled. I'm sure I'll open the safe There's your partner now How's the arm this morning? That's a lot better. That's good. Let's see Where was I? I believe these are right now get away from that safe. Why get away from it.  Hey look Maybe we can make it look as if he slipped and fell We got to get him move on I can help get the gold out of there even with one arm. I'll stack it near the door Wait a minute Something else I want to do first what? If that rope over there, I'm gonna tie and muzzle this dog what for he's knocked out He won't bother look at him big and powerful He could pull a bigger load all by himself and all three of our dogs put together But that wrap on the head I gave him won't do many good I won't hurt him much be over that in a couple of hours Oh, you've got to get out of here fast customer might come in We'll carry this dog along on a sled after we tie and muzzle them But the time we make camp you'll be better and we can hitch them up with the team Jake we might meet someone on the trail to Dawson who know he's Bill's dog anybody who trades here would remember him We're not going directly to Dawson from here. We don't want to be seen on that trail at all We'll go straight south and then cut back. It'll take longer But we can't take any chances with a strong dog like him. It won't matter if we have to take a longer route Yeah, here's the rope You time while I get the gold out the safe The snow had begun to fall but the tracks of Ned and Jake that Sargent Preston was backtracking We're still quite clear as they entered the woods. Jock looked puzzled Those men they they come long way with one of them shot. We've come about four or five miles already Look shock The cabin in the woods there. This trail leads directly to it. We and dog team track stop here Yes, but the men's tracks lead to the cabin door Someone's coming for help in that cabin. That's right. I hear him do We're coming Poor man place is cold. That's where I going Jack.  They knocked me out and robbed me so I can see your cabins and ransacked. They got your gold. They must have See that trap doors open That's where it was My wrist I shot at them when they came in the way they did I I think I hit one of them Yes, you did the men who robbed you with the trading post on Turtle Lake I'll have to get back there as soon as possible. You'd better lie down there on the bed and we'll fix some food for you I'll be all right Sargent. Don't you worry none about me?  I hope they haven't hurt Bill It's one thing that worries me shock Something must have happened back there a king would be here by this time I told Bill to let him out as soon as he was dry. He should have overtaken us long ago You better get back there fast. I can take care of myself. Well, Jack could stay here with you No need of it. I'm all right now. I was just It's cold from sitting there all tied up Thank you We'll say there's some tea over there on the shelf. Maybe you'd better have some before you start back And there's some soup left over from yesterday. Oh, if we eat now that saves time But we'd better hurry. It'll be dark by the time we got back to bells It was always later when Sergeant Preston and shock got back to the trading post The snow had fallen steadily and the early darkness had settled when they stopped the team out in front Look, there is no light in bills trading for something's happened though, right? Like one of the lamp shock Bill Bill, where are you?  What happened? Here is black it oh thanks shark see if you can find some brandy. I don't want to move him I'm gonna look at his head. We turn this way bill. Can you? This is bad you're going to need a doctor Get those man. I'll get them bill. Don't worry. Here is brandy. Thanks. Yeah, I'll take a swallow this bill by a little more Good. I think we'll be able to move him to the back room in a few minutes shot safe So if it's shut with it open when they hit you Where's King bill you let him out to follow me? No He was here.  They wouldn't bother taking the body of a dog away and leaving bill here Oh, what you do the snow it covered all trails I'll have to leave for Dawson right away and send a doctor back here to take care of bill I can make it by morning.  I sure don't want to go any farther I'm ready for some rest. We can make Dawson easy to marry that big dog help in the team See how he is He's not friendly that's Take that muzzle off him.  I think we ought to let him go. I don't trust him. He don't tame down We'll sell him. He'll bring a good price But he's gonna help us pull that town tomorrow. I didn't go to all that trouble of bringing him this far for nothing The two men slept heavily in the cabin while King Chains securely in a corner tried every tricky new to get out of the bonds that held him At last the great dog knew it was useless to struggle.  This is going to be easier We can ride on the sled with him pulling it. Yeah, but he's gonna take plenty of handling When he finds out what I can do with a whip you'll soon get sensible You all ready? Yeah, let's go cut these ropes on his leg Hey King's legs were stiff and sore from being bond, but the great dog did all he could to get out of the harness It was then that he felt the lash of Jake's whip and he knew that the only way he could expect any mercy Was to pull the sled with all his strength and he threw his weight against the harness and set off at a swift pace toward Dawson Sergeant Preston having traveled all night arrived in Dawson City late that morning After sending the doctor to Bill's trading post he talked to Inspector Grayson that mounted police headquarters It's a case of attempted murder and robbery of Bill and the man in the cabin sir Was Bill able to give you any description of them at all? Well, yes, he was Inspector I was afraid to let him talk too much, but he gave me a general idea of what they looked like And one of them has a bullet hole for his left arm. We know that I can't understand your dog's disappearance King would never go with them willingly, sir And if he gets the chance he'll come back here to me no matter where they took him You say there was no one who would seen them on the Dawson trail No, sir. I question three different people on the trail this morning. No one had seen them But you think they may come here. We may have taken another route Would have been longer, but they could have avoided meeting anyone I think the best thing to do sergeant is to wait a day or so and see if they turn up here With a number of people in this town It would be easy for them to escape identification and get supplies. They thought we knew about them This is the last place they'd come sir, but under the circumstances they may turn to all anyway You and need some rest. I advise you to get some good sleep and some dinner I told the doctor to bring Bill here if it was safe to move him inspector There's no one to take care of him at his trading post. That was why sergeant if we catch these men He'll be able to give positive identification Now you'll get some rest and don't worry too much about King He's taking care of himself before I'll try not to worry, but sir if I catch these men and they've harmed him I'm likely to forget I'm a mounted policeman Well, there are circumstances when the slight lapse of memory is excusable I Can't say that I blame you Sergeant Preston slept fitfully through part of the afternoon the thought of King's loss kept him tossing and half awake Darkness was falling when he finally got up and left the barracks as he approached the gate that led to the street He suddenly heard a commotion And then sergeant Preston gave a gasp of surprise King as he recognized King Leading a dog team at a dead run straight for the police barracks gate One man rode on the sled and another lashed viciously at King with a whip They tried to turn the big dog in another direction the mountain rush toward him You got no right to hit him that dog just wouldn't stop this dog belongs to me And I advise both of you to stay right where you are. I'm thinking this muscle of him. No, no, don't do that He won't hurt you if I tell him not to Okay, I'd like to let you do it, but you can't watch him fella You can't arrest us just because that's your dog.  You can't arrest us for anything.   You made a bad mistake taking this dog of mine. Didn't they boy? Watch him fella. You've helped a lot before but this is the first time you ever brought two criminals to headquarters by yourself Yes, old boy. Thanks to you this case is closed The challenge of the Yukon a copyrighted feature is the George W. Trendle production brought to you each week at this Time all names and incidents used are fictitious Listen again next week to another exciting adventure during the days of the gold rush Fred boy speaking this program came to you from Detroit If it's a case of murder you'd like to listen to that is be sure to latch on to the murder and mr. Malone show Here's a Saturday night thriller prime to bring you minute after minute of exciting mystery and adventure The hero of the program is John J. Malone a famous Chicago criminal lawyer Who makes only one condition before accepting a case? It must be tough to crack and once you hear some of the cases Malone tackled you'll agree It's uncanny how he solves them the most minute clue doesn't escape the shrewd eyes of this smart detective Who believes that given enough rope any criminal will eventually hang himself as Malone says the brainiest criminal will betray himself in Some tiny act left undone some stray piece of evidence left behind at the scene of the crime or Oftentimes through overconfidence when a criminal thinks he has the police completely baffled. Don't miss murder and mr. Malone


I did not hear a voice. I didn't see any angels, but I had an impact within my heart that has never left me. You cannot connect with heaven in a massive clutter. You have to find those quiet moments in your life when you can contemplate the things of the Spirit. In my experience, that's when I get impressions, that's when I get a thought. When I was a missionary in England, I was walking down the side of the Trent River. I was not yet 20 years old, and I was saying in my heart as I was walking along, pleading that the Lord was pleased with what I was trying to do and was I doing what He wanted. I did not hear a voice. I didn't see any angels. But I had an impact within my bosom, within my heart that has never left me. And on that moment, I think I learned a lesson as a 20-year-old that most things we hear from heaven, we feel ultimately in our hearts, and then hopefully it trickles up into our minds. And there helps guide us that we want to follow what we hear.


Residents in this module I'll go into slightly more detail of what I mentioned in the prior modules which is ER entity relationship modeling. What does ER modeling does? It models, it captures the real world which we are trying to encapsulate in a database on which we will running queries, asking questions, getting answers and that database will be at the back end of your web-enabled database application. It models the real world things which are the entities, okay, so what are in more detail let's go into. So an entity is something which is important in our business or whatever we are modeling if it's a university then the entities are the students, they are the teachers, the course is also, if the entity which we are modeling is a business then employees are the entities, customers are the entities, products are the entities, vendors are the entities. So an entity is represented by what? We are represented by a rectangle. As you can see over here, a student is represented by a rectangle. Now the entities have properties which are the attributes, so those attributes are represented by ellipse. So a student has a name, student has a birth date, student has a roll number, employee has an employee ID, employee has a salary which students usually don't have and employee has an email address and so on. So the attributes are represented by ellipse. Now we can have more details associated with the attributes. For example, if you consider the student name then the student name may have a last name also and may have a first name also in addition to the birth date and the roll number, right or not. And of course there can be entities with attributes such that the attributes are multivalued. A student has a single name. Of course we have the first and the last name but the name is single, however a student may have multiple mobile phones or phone numbers so that is shown by a double line as you can see at the bottom of your screen. This goes into more representative details that you have seen. Now there is one thing more, try to understand that there are certain things which would not be very efficient to store in the database especially those things or those attributes to be more precise which are changing on a daily basis. The GPA does not change on a daily basis. The student GPA changes when the results are declared but the age of an employee is very important because based upon the age the retirement date of the employee is established. Of course the age of a student is also important. Now that age attribute is actually not stored in a database. There is no need to it and we call that as a derived attribute which is shown by the dotted line on your screen. So based upon the birth date which is an attribute stored in the database the age is calculated on a daily basis. Similarly in a library system the ERD for a library there will be how many days have passed since the book was issued and how many days the book has been late and so on. Now between the attributes there are relationships. As I mentioned in the prior modules student entity, course entity so the relationship is the course taken by the student so that is represented by a diamond as you can see on the screen. So entity by a rectangle notation attribute by ellipse multiple attributes by double line derived attribute by a dotted line and a relationship by a diamond. So these are the different relationships four relationships which we have already discussed in the previous module and you can see it you understand it. So we have the different types of relationships and these are the same relationships. They are the same interpretation as we discussed in the previous modules. Now what we have is a representation, a standard representation in the ER model which everybody can understand and should understand. Now we have the participation constraints. Now this relational model is powerful enough to encapsulate the participation constraint. What is a participation constraint? A participation constraint means that every member of the set entity is included in that relationship. Try to understand in this diagram over here every borrower of the loan must every borrower has taken a loan. In a bank their customers which may or may not have gotten a loan right or not so that is shown by a single line but every borrower or every person who has gotten a loan is a member of the set who have taken a loan or say for example in a company every employee cannot be a manager but there are certain employees who are managers so this is the point I am trying to make. And finally generalization and specialization. Specialization is that we include, we lump sum all the things for example a parrot, a crow or a robin they are birds as you can see on the screen. And of course when we go to specialization a person can be an employee can be a customer can be a vendor. They have their attributes also so the notation which you see on the screen that notation is powerful enough to encapsulate to capture these relationships that is the strength of the ERD model. That's all I have for you in this module thank you very much.