And finally, stress management. Sleep, nutrition, exercise are all huge components in managing stress without question. But I began to spend more time outside in nature. I began to remove myself from the artificial atmosphere that we live in through most of the day with artificial lighting. And I would start spending more time outside, performing workouts outside or going for nature walks or kayaking and these sort of things. I began taking my vision out of the box that we live in. The box of watching TV, working on the computer, looking at our handheld device or even sitting in traffic. And expanding my vision on the horizon more regularly. Practicing these techniques more regularly are very helpful in managing stress. We develop a lot of anxiety because of just the crazy work world that we live in now. And a lot of us are driven to anxiety eating. And you could be eating the right foods, but you find yourself, is anybody here eat when they get anxious? You guys notice that? I have that, definitely. So being able to manage your stress more effectively can actually help you manage your weight, not just manage your stress, but it will help avoid anxiety eating. Because even if you're eating the right foods, but you're eating all the time, right? Because you're anxious all the time, you probably need to do a better job at effectively managing your stress. So I eventually went on to heal myself completely by reducing all the inflammation and pain in my body from those four important elements and remove the chains on my back that I've been carrying around for so long. Skin irritations that I had began to clear up. Depression that I had been suffering from. My moods began to improve. And it's funny now because some friends and family are like, they call me an extremist or some type of a health nut. For what? For wanting to sleep eight hours a night, eat real food on a regular basis, engage with nature once in a while.  Because unfortunately, America is really running on Duncan. Without question.


The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted life worldwide, and while vaccines offer relief for high-income countries, they are unlikely to arrive in time for low- and middle-income countries. A study found that treatment with statins and ACEIs, ARBs reduced 28-day mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with a three-fold reduction in the odds of hospital mortality from combination treatment. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to conclusively show that these drugs save lives. This article was authored by Duke Bitterbeer, Luke Belmans, Miriam Alexander, and others.


What are you studying? Instigated multimedia. Perfect! It could not be real! Perfect! Okay, so you're going to know the answers to these questions. Okay, the first answer... First answer. I give you the answer to give you the answer. The first question is, have you changed your reading habits or your news habits since this administration began? Talk about Trump? Yeah. Yeah. In what way? Basically, before, a lot of things didn't affect me. And especially since I'm just starting to get into college. So once the administration came in place, there's a lot of things you need to look into because when Trump makes posts, it's not as a normal president would. You have to go and read the actual laws and things that are happening because from what he puts out, you can't tell what's happening. It's too vague. Interesting. So what does this mean in terms of the media in general? He's bypassing the media, isn't he? Yeah. What does that mean? Just like the last reading I had in class was about encoding decoding. When you put out the information and someone reacts to it and sets out their reaction with media, that's a whole other thing that people are consuming. So instead of looking at international news when Trump says something about that news and people look at his reaction, they're not getting the full story. Or they're getting different parts of the story, different views when they really need something else. Does this have an effect on the inner workings and hidden mechanisms of democracy itself? Yeah, because people are always seeing very strong sides of it and they see negatives and instead of forming their opinions on the real things, they form opinions on someone else's opinions. Interesting, yeah. So that means that we all have to look at this differently. Yeah. How should we be looking at it differently? How should we be changing our way of finding and consuming news? Well, if you're like a Republican or a Democrat, you shouldn't just look into the news that your party puts out. Because especially now there's a lot of tension between the two, so it's good to find neutral parties, especially international news. If you're an American, lots of other countries report on American events, so you should just take more international approach to things. How about you? How have you changed? Are you reading more sources now? Are you looking at more? It's hard to avoid. Even if you don't want to read, you're going to know things. It's just thrown at you. So if you don't want to just take what's thrown at you and if you don't trust that information, then you need to start looking because you can't just always, what comes to you might not be the real thing. Yeah, yeah. How about you? How have you changed your habits personally? Oh, I got to know now. Okay, this is Gordon Bruce. He's one of our hosts at Think Tech. We're upstairs at Think Tech on the 8th floor. And we do a lot of video. We stream on the internet 24 hours. You've heard of us? No, actually. He's a media student. He has some questions for you. So a couple of questions after this. Do you watch television? Do you use the television for news? Not really, not so much. Like my parents do, but I find that the news on the television is more either CNN or Fox. I prefer to just go online. No, what about radio? Radio. Because radio has a lot of news channels, like national public radio, white public radio. I actually don't listen to too much radio. The only station I listen to is the college radio for UH. And they have different speakers every three hours, so I get a good mix of news. It's not really... What about blogs? Do you follow any blogs? Or any social media sites? Are you a follower of any special people on Twitter or Facebook or anything like that that gives you news? I think social media, especially, it's becoming a real source now. Because, like I said, when people post their reactions, there's the news in the link. And that's a good way to find it. So what message would you give up to your peers and your friends that where should they be going to get what you believe is to be the neutral news? Really, honestly, like, Twitter is big right now. But you can't just, like, read what people are quoting. You have to read what they're reading to. So not just the posts, but what they're talking about. Very good, very, very good point. All right, well, good luck at school. And where are you from? I'm from here.


Here's the dawn, the dawn of men we once knew. Dawn, August 17, 1943, England, on the first anniversary of their operations against Fortress Europe, the Eighth Bomber Command prepared 376 B-17s for the two most critical targets on their list, the Bull Bearing Plants at Schwanfurt and the Messerschmitt Aircraft Factory at Regensburg, both deep in Germany. What an anniversary. Just a year ago we flew that first mission to Rouen, 12 B-17s flying 56 miles to Tarkov. Now we were taking 376 fortresses 500 miles into Germany. Never had we prepared for so rough a mission. In 1943 the AAF was still growing up. The Luftwaffe had already reached its peak. Our boys taking their battle folders knew it. By the time we turned in our personal stuff it was well understood that the projected double header would bring on a large scale and costly air battle. In chapels all over England, most of the men turned to their ministers, rabbis or priests. Getting into the trucks we didn't dream that August 17th was being written into air history. Not only because of us, there were other soldiers in the skies. This was the same day that Sicily fell to the Allies. The same day that the RAF bombed Pinamunda, the V-2 rocket plant. The same day that General Kenny's B-25s destroyed 200 Jap planes that we whacked in eight minutes. And this day our double mission involved the deepest penetration ever attempted into Germany and the largest bomber force to be dispatched to date. We knew that as we went further into Germany we'd hurt her more. But we also knew we'd have to pay a higher price for admission. And now the last briefing is the pilots rechecked the details of the mission with our crews. Individuals no longer existed. We were now 10 man teams and on our teamwork would depend our success and perhaps our lives. Action against Schreinfurt got underway. The Regensburg task forces had just hit their target. A vast and intricate machine of destruction had been set in motion. Behind these modern warriors were weeks of high command planning. Now crewmen took care of routine duties. Ahead of us were four hours of rugged action. Our guns were going to be especially important today. At the briefing they told us we'd have help from short range fighters and ate their support mediums. The fighters were supposed to take us about halfway. The mediums were to bomb diversionary targets.  Finally after a few hours delay due to bad weather 2300 men counted the seconds. So far American bombers had never been stopped. Although German defenses had stiffened American formations had not been prevented from reaching their objectives once they responded to the green takeoff signal. As always each thundering ground was an epic of suspense until 30 tons of globs, plane and men were lifted from the earth. The leader of the first wing Colonel William Gross swept in a huge circle around the field. Gradually the second and third bombers etched into position. The sky quickly filled with stately fortresses sliding through space. But as soon as they got into formation over the British fields they were picked up by German radar. Across the channel the tentacles of the enemy's locator system having touched the flying fortresses now pinpointed them in space. Luftwaffe experts accurately plotted the American course, altitude and speed and promptly informed their fighter control.  Their order was intercept and destroy the oncoming fortresses. The answer to the increasing Allied bomber offensive was this stepped up German fighter strength. Waves of opposition screamed off the map of Europe. In spite of the Luftwaffe Allied planners selected our targets according to Allied Air Force priorities. That's why merely three hours after the fourth bomb wing had paralyzed the Nazis Messerschmitt factory at Regensburg we in the first bomb wing were on our way to strike Schweinfurt in the face of an aroused enemy. As we began to run into flak our gunners could feel the entire German Air Force warming up. Flying in enemy territory we felt like goldfish in a bowl waiting for the attack. Strict radio silence was maintained while trained eyes searched the sky. The Luftwaffe unleashed every trick. The B-17 suffered the most savage blows since the war began. Although Jerry knocked 20 bombers out of the sky on the road to Schweinfurt we never broke formation. Despite the porosity of the attack which extended all the way to and from the target we pressed forward. Our guns kept burning the enemy out of the sky. Approaching the bomb run began the most critical defensive period. Now we divided into smaller groups sacrificing our mutual defensive firepower to bomb the target most efficient. The crucial moment. The moment around which the entire mission revolved was now in the steady hands of our bombardiers. Each bomber was now committed. No more evasive action until bombs away. At this time the formations were most vulnerable to attack. It didn't matter. We had a job to do on Schweinfurt. We had 400 tons of high explosives to deliver. After getting 80 hits on the two main ball bearing plants we could defend ourselves again. At least to the extent of evasive action against black and fighter attack. But the main idea now is to get home fast. At the British landing fields word on the sky battle was out. Red flares were expected. That meant wounded aboard. These planes had priority in landing. Many of the fortresses themselves were crippled. A few came in with feathered props or with knocked out landing gear. After struggling home at House Top Altitude one B-17 with wounded aboard was committed to a crash landing. The name of the ship was my prayer. The anniversary battles lost us more men and aircraft in a single day than the 8th bomber command had lost in our first six months of operations over Europe. We who carried the war 500 miles to the enemy's industrial heart knew better than anyone how expensive it was. We had lost 60 bombers and their crews. What happened this 17th day of August year 1943 was a testament to American men with modern weapons and the very old idea fighting for freedom. On this day high altitude bombers engaged in their greatest and from the point of view of loss their most disastrous air battle to date. Nonetheless the results justified the price we paid. Out of these trials by fire there did emerge from the struggle one of the most polished and powerful instruments of warfare ever assembled. This force of men and planes, this accumulation of skill and experience became the power and might of the United States Air Force.


Chapter one of my father's dragon this is a labor vox recording all labor vox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit labor vox.org recording by Gregory Holdsworth my father's dragon by rude styles Gannett chapter one my father meets the cat one cold rainy day when my father was a little boy he met an old alley cat on the street the cat was very drippy and uncomfortable so my father said when you like to come home with me this surprised the cat she had never met anyone who cared about old alley cats but she said I'd be very much obliged if I could sit by a warm furnace and perhaps have a saucer of milk we have a very nice furnace to sit by so my father and I'm sure my mother has an extra saucer of milk my father and the cat became good friends but my father's mother was very upset about the cat she hated cats particularly ugly old alley cats Elmer elevator she said to my father if you think I'm going to give that cat a saucer of milk you're very wrong once you start feeding stray alley cats you might as well expect to feed every stray in town and I am not going to do it this made my father very sad and he apologized to the cat because his mother had been so rude he told the cat to stay anyway and that somehow he will bring her saucer of milk each day my father fed the cat for three weeks but one day his mother found the cat's saucer in the cellar and she was extremely angry she whipped my father and threw the cat out the door but later on my father sneaked out and found the cat together they went for a walk in the park and tried to think of nice things to talk about my father said when I grow up I'm going to have an airplane wouldn't it be wonderful to fly just anywhere you might think of would you like to fly very very much asked the cat I certainly would I do anything if I could fly well said the cat if you really like to fly that much I think I know a sort of way you might get to fly while you're still a little boy you mean you know where I can get an airplane well not exactly an airplane but something even better as you can see I'm an old cat now my younger days I was quite a traveler traveling days are over but last spring I just took one more trip and sailed to the island of tangerina stopping at the port of cranberry well it just so happened that I missed the boat while waiting for the next I thought I'd look around a bit I was particularly interested in the place called wild island which we passed on our way to tangerina wild island and tangerina are joined together by a long string of rocks but people never go to wild island because it's mostly jungle and inhabited by very wild animals so I decided to go across the rocks and explore it for myself it certainly is an interesting place but I saw something there that made me want to weep end of chapter 1 chapter 2 of my father's dragon this labor box recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by rude styles Gannett chapter 2 my father runs away wild island is practically cut in two by a very wide and muddy river continued the cat this river begins near one end of the island and flows into the ocean at the other now the animals there are very lazy and they used to hate having to go all the way around the beginning of this river to get to the other side of the island it made visiting inconvenient and mail delivery slow particularly during the Christmas rush crocodiles could carry passengers a male across the river but crocodiles are very moody and not the least bit dependable and are always looking for something to eat they don't care if the animals have to walk around the river so that's just what the animals did for many years but what does all this have to do with airplanes asked my father who thought the cow was taking an awfully long time to explain be patient elmer said the cat and she went on with a story one day about four months before I arrived on wild island a baby dragon fell from a low-flying cloud and onto the bank of the river it was too young to fly very well and besides he had bruised one wing quite badly so he couldn't get back to his cloud the animals found him soon afterwards and everybody said why this is just exactly what we've needed all these years they tied a big rope around his neck and waited for the wing to get well this was going to end there crossing the river troubles I've never seen a dragon said my father did you see him how big is he yes indeed I saw the dragon in fact we became great friends said the cat I used to hide in the bushes and talk to him when nobody was around he's not a very big dragon about the size of a large black bear although I imagine he's grown quite a bit since I left he's got a long tail and yellow and blue stripes his horn and eyes and the bottoms of his feet are bright red he has gold colored wings oh how wonderful so my father what does the animals do with him when his wing got well they started training him to carry passengers and even though he's just a baby dragon they work him all day and all night too sometimes they make him carry loads that are much too heavy and if he complains they twist his wings and beat him he's always tied to a stake on a rope just long enough to go across the river his only friends are the crocodiles who say hello to him once a week if they don't forget really he's the most miserable animal I've ever come across when I left I promised I tried to help him Sunday although I couldn't see how the rope around his neck is about the biggest toughest rope you can imagine with so many knots it could take days to untie them all anyway when you were talking about airplanes he gave me a good idea now I'm quite sure that if you were able to rescue the dragon which wouldn't be the least bit easy he'd let you ride him most anywhere provided you were nice to him of course how about trying it oh I love to so my father and he was so angry at his mother for being so rude to the cat that he didn't feel the least bit sad about running away from home for a while that very afternoon my father and the cat went down to the docks to see about ships going to the island of tandrina they found out that a ship will be sailing the next week so right away they started planning for the rescue of the dragon the cow was a great help in suggesting things for my father to take with him and she told him everything she knew about Wild Island of course she was too old to go along everything had to be kept very secret so when they found or brought anything to take on the trip they hid it behind a rock in the park the night before my father sailed he borrowed his father's knapsack and he and the cat packed everything very carefully he took chewing gum two dozen pink lollipops a package of rubber bands black rubber boots a compass a toothbrush and a tuba toothpaste six magnifying glasses a very sharp jackknife a comb and hairbrush seven hair ribbons of different colors and an empty graying bag with the label saying cranberry some clean clothes and enough food to last my father while he was on the ship he couldn't live on mice so he took 25 peanut butter and jelly sandwiches and six apples because that's all the apples he could find in the pantry when everything was packed my father and the cat went down to the docks to the ship a night watchman was on duty so while the cat made loud queer noises to distract his attention my father ran over the gang plank and onto the ship he went down into the hold and hid among some bags of wheat the ship sailed early the next morning end of chapter 2 chapter 3 and my father's dragon this labor box recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holdsworth my father's dragon by Roots Styles Gannett chapter 3 my father finds the island my father hid in the hold for six days and nights twice he was nearly caught when the ship stopped to take on more cargo but at last he heard a sailor say the next port will be cranberry and that they'd be unloading the wheat there my father knew that the sailors would send him home if they caught him so he looked in his knapsack and took out a rubber band and the empty green bag with the label saying cranberry but the last moment my father got inside the bag knapsack and all folded the top of the bag inside and put the rubber band around the top he didn't look just exactly like the other bags but it was the best he could do soon the sailors came to unload they lowered a big net into the hold and began moving the bags of wheat suddenly one sailor yelled great Scott this is the queerest bag of wheat I've ever seen it's all lumpy like but the label says it's go to cranberry the other sailors looked at the bag too and my father who was in the bag of course tried even harder to look like a bag of wheat then the other sailor felt the bag and and he just happened to get hold of my father's elbow I know what this is he said it's a bag of dried corn on the cob he dumped my father into the big net along with the bags of wheat this all happened in the late afternoon so late that the merchant in cranberry who had ordered the wheat didn't count his bags until the next morning he was a very punctual man and never late for dinner the sailors told the captain and the captain wrote down on a piece of paper that they had delivered 160 bags of wheat and one bag of dried corn on the cob they left a piece of paper for the merchant and sailed away that evening my father heard later that the merchant spend the whole next day counting and recounting the bags of filling each one and trying to find the bag of dried corn on the cob he never found it because as soon as it was dark my father climbed out of the bag he folded it up and put it back in his knapsack he walked along the shore to a nice sandy place and lay down to sleep my father was very hungry when he woke up the next morning just as he was looking to see if he had anything left to eat something hit him on the head it was a tangerine he had been sleeping right under a tree full of big fat tangerines and then he remembered that this was the island of tangerina tangerine trees grew wild everywhere my father picked as many as he had room for which was 31 and started off to find wild island he walked and walked and walked along the shore looking for the rocks that joined the two islands he walked all day and once he met a fisherman and asked him about wild island the fisherman began to shake and couldn't talk for a long while it scared him that much just thinking about it finally he said many people have tried to explore wild island but no one has come back alive we think they were eaten by the wild animals this didn't bother my father he kept walking and slept on the beach again that night it was beautifully clear the next day and way down to the shore my father could see a long line of rocks leading out into the ocean and way way out at the end he could just see a tiny patch of green he quickly ate 17 dreams and started down the beach it was almost dark when he came to the rocks but there way out in the ocean was the patch of green he sat down and rested for a while remembering that the cat had said if you can go out to the island that night because then the wild animals won't see you coming along the rocks you can hide when you get there so my father picked seven more tangerines put on his black rubber boots and waited for dark it was a very black night and my father couldn't hardly see the rocks ahead of him sometimes they were quite high and sometimes the waves almost covered them and they were slippery and hard to walk on sometimes the rocks for far apart of my father had to get a running start and leap from one to the next after a while he began to hear a rumbling noise it grew louder and louder as he got near to the island at last it seemed as if he was right on top of the noise and he was he had jumped from a rock onto the back of a small whale who was fast asleep and cuddled up between two rocks the whale was snoring and making more noise than a steam shovel so I'd never heard my father say oh I didn't know that was you and I never knew my father had jumped on his back by mistake for seven hours my father climbed and slipped and lept from rock to rock but while it was still dark he finally reached the very last rock and stepped off onto wild island end of chapter 3 chapter 4 on my father's dragon this labor box recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by roots styles Gannett chapter 4 my father finds the river the jungle began just beyond a narrow strip of beach thick dark damp scary jungle my father hardly knew where to go so he crawled under a wahoo bush to think and ate eight tangerines first thing to do he decided was to find the river because the dragon was tied somewhere along its bank then he thought if the river flows into the ocean I ought to be able to find it quite easy if I just walk along the beach far enough so my father walked until the sun rose and he was quite far from the ocean rocks it was dangerous to stay near them because they might be guarded in the daytime he found a clump of tall grass and sat down then he took off his rubber boots and ate three more tangerines he could have eaten 12 but he hadn't seen any tangerines on this island and he could not risk running out of something to eat my father slept all that day and only woke up and played in the afternoon when he heard a funny little boy saying queer queer what a dear little duck I mean dear dear what a queer little rock my father saw a tiny paw rubbing itself on his knapsack he lay very still and and the mouse for it was a mouse hurried away muttering to itself I must tell Tom Daddy I mean I must tell somebody my father waited a few minutes then started down the beach because it was almost dark now and he was afraid the mouse really would tell somebody he walked all that night and two scary things happened first he just had to sneeze so he did and somebody close by said is that you monkey my father said yes then the voice said you must have something on your back monkey and my father said yes because he did he had his knapsack on his back what do you have on your back monkey asked the voice my father didn't know what to say because what would a monkey have on its back and how would it sound telling someone about it if it did have something just then another voice said I better taking your sick grandmother to the doctors my father said yes and hurry dawn quite by accident he found out later on that he had been talking to a pair of tortoises the second thing that happened was that he nearly walked right between two wild boars who were talking in low solemn whispers when he first saw the dark shapes he thought they were boulders just in time here one of them say there are three signs of a recent invasion first fresh tangerine peels were found under the wahoo bush near the ocean rocks second a mouse reported on extraordinary rocks some distance from the ocean rocks which upon further investigation simply wasn't there however more fresh tangerine peels were found in the same spot which is the third sign of invasion since tangerines do not grow on our island somebody must have bought them across the ocean rocks from the other island which may or may not have something to do with the appearance and or disappearance of the extraordinary rock reported by the mouse after a long silence the other bore said you know I think we're taking this too seriously those peels probably floated over here all by themselves you know how unreliable my sorrow besides if there had been an invasion I would have seen it perhaps your right to the first bore shall we retire where upon they both trundled back into the jungle well that's all my father a lesson and after that he had saved all his tangerine peels he walked all night and toward morning came to the river then his troubles really began end of chapter 4 chapter 5 on my father's dragon this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by rude styles Gannett chapter 5 my father meets some tigers the river was very wide and muddy and the jungle was very gloomy and dense the trees grew close to each other in what room there was between them was taken up by great high ferns with sticky leaves my father hated to leave the beach but he decided to start along the river where at least the jungle wasn't quite so thick he ate three tangerines making sure to keep all the peels this time and put on his rubber boots my father tried to follow the riverbank but it was very swampy and as he went farther the swamp became deeper when it was all the most as deep as his boot tops he got stuck in the oozy mucky mud my father tugged and tugged and nearly pulled his boots right off but alas he managed to wait a drier place here the jungle was so thick that he could hardly see where the river was he unpacked his compass and figured out the direction he should walk in order to stay near the river but he didn't know that the river made a very sharp curve away from him just a little way beyond so as he walked straight ahead he was getting farther and farther away from the river it was very hard to walk in the jungle the sticky leaves of the ferns caught my father's hair and he kept tripping over roots and rotten logs sometimes the trees were clumped so closely together that he couldn't squeeze between them and had to walk a long way around he began to hear whispery noises but he couldn't see any animals anywhere the deeper into the jungle he went the sure he was that something was following him and then he thought he heard a whispering noises on both sides of him as well as behind he tried to run but he tripped over more roots and the noises only came nearer once or twice he thought he heard something laughing at him at last he came out into a clearing and ran right into the middle of it so that he could see anything that might try to attack him he was surprised when he looked and saw 14 green eyes coming out of the jungle all around the clearing and when the green eyes turn into seven tigers the tigers walked around him in a big circle looking hungrier all the time then they sat down and began to talk I suppose you thought we didn't know you were trespassing in our jungle then the next tiger spoke I suppose you were going to say you didn't know it was our jungle did you know that not one explorer has ever left this island alive said the third tiger my father thought of the cat and knew this wasn't true but of course he had too much sense to say so one doesn't contradict a hungry tiger the tigers went on talking in turn you're our first little boy you know I'm curious to know if you're especially tender maybe you think we have regular mealtimes but we don't we just eat whenever we're feeling hungry said the fifth tiger and we're very hungry right now in fact I can hardly wait said the sixth I can't wait said the seventh tiger and then all the tigers said together in a loud roar let's be getting right now and they move closer my father looked at those seven hungry tigers then he had an idea he quickly opened his knapsack and took out the chewing gum the cat had told him that tigers were especially fond of chewing gum which was very scarce on the island so I threw them each a piece but they only growled as fond as we are chewing gum we sure we'd like you even better and they move so close that he could feel them breathing on his face but this is very special chewing gum so my father if you keep on chewing it long enough it will turn green and then if you plant it it will grow more chewing gum and the sooner you start chewing the sooner you'll have more the tiger said why you don't say isn't that fine as each one wanted to be the first to plant the chewing gum they all unwrap their pieces and began chewing as hard as they could every once in a while one tiger would look into another's mouth and say nope it's not done yet until finally they were all so busy looking into each other's mouths to make sure that no one was getting ahead that they forgot all about my father and of chapter five chapter six of my father's dragon this labor box recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by rude styles Gannett chapter six my father meets a rhinoceros my father soon found a trail leading away from the clearing all sorts of animals might be using it too but he decided to follow the trail no matter what he met because it might lead to the dragon he kept a sharp lookout and front and behind and went on just as he was feeling quite safe he came around a curve right behind two wild boars one of them was saying to the other do you know that the tortoises thought they saw a monkey carrying his sick grandmother to the doctors last night but monkeys grandmother died a week ago so they must have seen something else I wonder what it was I told you that there was an invasion of foot said the other bore I intend to find out what it is I simply can't stand invasions me neither said a tiny little voice I mean me neither and my father knew that the mouse was there too well said the first bore you search the trail up this way to the dragon I'll go back down the other way through the big clearing and we'll send mouse to watch the ocean rocks in case the invasion should decide to go away before we find it my father hid behind a mahogany tree just in time and the first bore walk right past him my father waited for the other bore to get a head start on him but he didn't wait very long because he knew that when the first bore saw the tigers chewing them in the clearing he'd be even more suspicious soon the trail across a little brook and my father who by this time was very thirsty stopped to get a drink of water he still had on his rubber boots so he waited into a little pool of water and was stooping down when something quite sharp picked him up by the seat of the pants and shook him very hard don't you know that's my private weeping pool at a deep angry voice my father could not see who's talking because he was hanging in the air right over the pool but he said oh no I'm so sorry I didn't know that everybody had a private weeping pool everybody doesn't said the angry voice but I do because I have such a big thing to weep out and I drowned everybody I find using my weeping pool with that the animal tossed my father up and down over the water what is it that you weep about so much asked my father trying to get his breath and he thought over all the things he had in his pack oh I have many things to weep about but the biggest thing is the collar of my tusk my father squirmed every which way trying to see the tusk but it was through the seat of his pants where he couldn't possibly see it when I was a young rhinoceros my tusk was pearly white said the animal and then my father knew he was hanging by the seat of his pants from a rhinoceros's tusk but it has turned a nasty yellow gray in my old age and I find it very ugly you see everything else about me is ugly but when I had a beautiful tusk I didn't worry so much about the rest now that my tusk is ugly too I can't sleep nights just thinking about how completely ugly I am and I weep all the time but why should I be telling you these things I caught you using my pool and now I'm gonna drill you oh wait a minute rhinoceros and my father I have some things that will make your tusk all white and beautiful again just let me down and I'll give them to you the rhinoceros said you do I can hardly believe it why I'm so excited he pulled my father down and danced around in a circle while my father got out the tuba toothpaste and the toothbrush now so my father just move your tusk a little nearer please and I'll show you how to begin my father wet the brush in the pool squeezed a dab of toothpaste and scrubbed it very hard on one tiny spot then he told the rhinoceros to wash it off and when the pool was calm again he told the rhinoceros to look in the water to see how the little spot was it was hard to see in the dim light of the jungle but sure enough the spot shown pearly white just like new the rhinoceros was so pleased that he grabbed the toothbrush and began scrubbing violently forgetting all about my father just then my father heard hoof steps and he jumped behind the rhinoceros it was the bore coming back from the big clearing where the tigers were chewing gum the bore looked at the rhinoceros and the toothbrush and the tuba toothpaste and he scratched his ear on a tree telling me rhinoceros he said where did you get that fine tube of toothpaste in that toothbrush too busy said the rhinoceros and he went on brushing as hard as he could the bore sniffed angrily and trotted down the trail toward the dragon muttering to himself very suspicious tigers too busy chewing gum rhinoceros too busy brushing his tusk I must get a hold of that invasion don't like it won't bit not won't bit it's upsetting everybody terribly wonder what it's doing here anyway end of chapter 6 chapter 7 on my father's dragon this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by rude styles Gannett chapter 7 my father meets a lion my father wave goodbye to the rhinoceros who was much too busy to notice got a drink farther down the brook and waited back to the trail he hadn't gone very far when he heard an angry animal roaring dang blasted I told you not to go blackberrying yesterday won't you ever learn what will your mother say my father crept along and peered into a small clearing just ahead a line was prancing about clawing at his main which was all snarled and full of blackberry twigs the more he clawed the worse it became and the matter he grew and the more he yelled at himself because it was himself he was yelling at all the time my father could see that the trail went on through the clearing so he decided to crawl around the edge in the underbrush and not to disturb the lion he crawled and crawled and the yelling grew louder and louder it was just about to reach the trail at the other side the yelling suddenly stopped my father looked around and saw the lion glaring at him the lion charged and skidded to a stop a few inches away who are you the lion yelled at my father my name is Eleanor elevator where do you think you're going I'm going home so my father yes where you think said the line ordinarily I'd save you for afternoon tea but I happen to be upset enough and hungry enough to eat you right now and he picked up my father by his front paws to feel how fatty was my father said oh please lie before you eat me telling me why you are so particularly upset today it's more man said the lion as he was figuring how many bites a little boy would make you see what a dreadful mess it is and I don't seem to be able to do anything about it my mother's coming over on the dragon this afternoon and if she sees me this way I'm afraid she'll stop my allowance she can't stand messy mains but I'm gonna eat you now so it won't make any difference to you oh wait a minute said my father and I'll give you just the things you need to make your main all tidy and beautiful I have them here on my pack you do said the line well give him to me and perhaps I'll save you for afternoon tea after all and he put my father down on the ground my father opened the pack and took out the comb and the brush and the seven hair ribbons of different colors look he said I'll show you what to do on your forelock where you can watch me first you brush a while then you comb then your brush again until all the twigs and snarls are gone then you divided up in three and braided like this entire ribbon around the end as my father was doing this the lion watched very carefully and began to look much happier when my father tied the ribbon he was all smiled oh that's wonderful really wonderful said the lion let me have a comb and brush and see if I can do it so my father gave him the comb and brush and the lion began busily grooming his making as a matter of fact he was so busy that he didn't even know when my father left end of chapter 7 chapter 8 of my father's dragon this Liber Vox recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by rude Styles Gannett chapter 8 my father meets a gorilla my father was very hungry so he sat down under a baby banyan tree on the side of the trail and ate four tangerines he wanted to eat eight or ten but he had only 13 left and it might be a long time before I could go get more he packed away all the peels and was about to get up when he heard the familiar voices of the boars I wouldn't have believed it if I hadn't seen them with my own eyes but wait and see for yourself all the tigers sitting around chewing gum to beat the band old rhinoceros is so busy brushing his tusk that he doesn't even look around to see who's going by and they're all so busy they won't even talk to me horse feathers said the other bore now very close to my father they'll talk to me I'm going to get to the bottom of this if it's the last thing I do the voices passed my father and went around a curve and he hurried on because he knew how much more upset the boars would be when they saw the lion's mane tied up in hair ribbons before a long my father came to a crossroads and he stopped to read the signs straight ahead an arrow pointed to the beginning of the river to the left the OSHA rocks and to the right the dragon fairy my father was reading all these signs when he heard Paul steps and duck behind the signposts a beautiful lion is passed and turned down toward the clearings although she could have seen my father if she had bothered to glance at the post she was much too occupied looking dignified to see anything but the tip of her own nose it was the lion's mother of course and that fall my father must mean that the dragon was on this side of the river he hurried on but it was farther away than he had judged he finally came to the riverbank in the late afternoon and looked all around but there was no dragon anywhere in sight he must have gone back to the other side my father sat down under the palm tree and was trying to have a good idea when something big and black and hairy jumped out of the tree and landed with a loud crash at his feet well said a huge voice well what said my father for which he was very sorry when he looked up and discovered he was talking to an enormous and very fierce gorilla well explain yourself said the gorilla I'll give you till 10 to tell him your name business your age and what's in that pack he began counting to 10 as fast as he could my father didn't even have time to say Elmer elevator Explorer before the gorilla interrupted too slow I'll twist your arms the way twist that dragon's wings and then we'll see if you can't hurry up a bit he grabbed my father's arms one in each fist and was just about to twist them when he suddenly let go and began scratching his chest with both hands blast those fleas he raged they won't give you a moment's peace and the worst of it is that you can't even get a good look at them Rosie water Rachel Ruthie Ruby Roberta come here and get rid of this flee on my chest it's driving me crazy six little monkeys tumbled out of the palm tree dash to the gorilla began combing the hair on his chest well said the gorilla it's still there we're looking we're looking said the six little monkeys but they're awfully hard to see you know I know said the gorilla but hurry I've got work to do he winked at my father oh gorilla so my father and my knapsack I have six magnifying glasses baby just a thing for hunting fleas my father unpacked them and gave one to Rosie one to Rada one to Rachel one to Ruthie one to Ruby and one to Roberta why they're miraculous said the six little monkeys it's easy to see the fleas now only there are hundreds of them and they went on hunting frantically a moment later many more monkeys appeared out of a nearby clump of mangroves and began crowding around to get a look at the fleas through the magnifying glasses they completely surrounded the gorilla and he could not see my father nor did he remember to twist his arms end of chapter 8 chapter 9 oh my father's dragon this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by Ruth Stiles Gannett chapter 9 my father makes a bridge my father walk back and forth along the bank trying to think of some way to cross the river he found a high flagpole with a rope going over to the other side the rope went through a loop at the top of the pole and then down the pole around a large crank a sign on the crank said to summon dragon yank the crank report disorderly conduct to gorilla from what the cat had told my father he knew that the other end of the rope was tied around the dragon's neck and he felt sorry or than ever for the poor dragon if he were on his side the gorilla would twist his wings until it hurt so much that he'd have to fly to the other side if he were on the other side the gorilla would crank the rope until the dragon would either choke to death or fly back to his side what a life for a baby dragon my father knew that if he called to the dragon to come across the river the gorilla would surely hear him so he thought about climbing the pole and going across the rope the pole was very high and even if he could get to the top without being seen he'd have to go all the way across hand over hand the river was very muddy and all sorts of unfriendly things might live in it but my father could think of no other way to get across he was about to start up the pole when despite all the noise the monkeys were making he heard loud splash behind him he looked all around in the water but it was dusk now and he couldn't see anything there it's me crocodile said a voice to the left the water's lovely and I have such a craving for something sweet won't you come for a swim a pale moon came out from behind the clouds and my father could see where the voice was coming from the crocodile's head was just peeping out of the water oh no thank you son my father I never swim after sundown but I do have something sweet to offer you perhaps you'd like a lollipop and perhaps you have friends who would like lollipops to lollipops at the crocodile why that is a treat how about it boys a whole chorus of voice shouted a raw lollipops and my father counted as many as 17 crocodiles with their heads just peeping out of the water that's fine so my father as he got out the two dozen pink lollipops in the rubber bands I'll stick one here in a bank lollipops last longer if you keep them out of the water you know now one of you can have this one the crocodile who had first spoken swam up and tasted it delicious mighty delicious he said now if you don't mind so my father I'll just walk along your back and fasten another lollipop to the tippy ear tail with a rubber band you don't mind do you oh no not in the lease of the crocodile can you get your tail out of the water just a bit asked my father yes of course said the crocodile and he lifted up his tail then my father ran along his back and fastened another lollipop with a rubber band who's next and my father and a second crocodile swam up and began sucking on that lollipop now you gentlemen can save a lot of time if you just line up across the rivers and my father and all be along to give you each a lollipop so the crocodiles lined up right across the river with their tails in the air waiting for my father to fasten on the rest of the lollipops the tail of the 17th crocodile just reached the other bank end of chapter 9 chapter 10 of my father's dragon this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Gregory Holesworth my father's dragon by rude styles Gannett chapter 10 my father finds the dragon when my father was crossing the bank of the 15th crocodile with two more lollipops to go the noise of the monkey suddenly stopped and he could hear a much bigger noise getting louder every second then he could hear seven furious tigers and one raging rhinoceros and two seething lions and one ranting gorilla along with countless screeching monkeys led by two extremely irate wild boars all yelling it's a trick it's a trick there's an evasion and it must be after a dragon kill it kill it the whole crowd stampede it down to the bank as my father was fixing the 17th lollipop for the last crocodile he heard a wild boar scream look it came this way it's over there now see the crocodiles made a bridge for it just as my father leapt on to the other bank one of the wild boars jumped on to the back of the first crocodile my father didn't have a moment to spare by now the dragon realized that my father was coming to rescue him he ran out of the bushes and jumped up and down yelling here I am I'm right here can you see me hurry the boar is coming over on the crocodiles too they're all coming over oh please hurry hurry the noise was simply terrific my father ran up to the dragon and took out his very sharp jackknife steady old boy steady will make it just stand still he told the dragon as he began to saw through the big rope by this time both boars all seven tigers the two lions the rhinoceros and the gorilla along with the countless screeching monkeys were all on their way across the crocodiles and was still a lot of rope to cut through oh hurry the dragon kept saying and my father again told him to stand still if I don't think I can make it and my father will fly over to the other side of the river and I can finish cutting the rope there suddenly the screaming grew louder and matter and my father thought the animals must have crossed the river he looked around and saw something which surprised and delighted him partly because he had finished his lollipop and partly because as I told you before crocodiles are very moody and not the least bit dependable and are always looking for something to eat the first crocodile had turned away from the bank and started swimming down the river the second crocodile hadn't finished yet so he followed right after the first still sucking his lollipop and the rest did the same thing one right after the other until they were all swimming away in a line the two wild boars the seven tigers the rhinoceros the two lions the gorilla along with the countless screeching monkeys were all riding down the middle of the river on the train of crocodiles sucking pink lollipops and all yelling screaming and getting their feet wet my father and the dragon laughed themselves weak because it was such a silly sight as soon as they had recovered my father finished cutting the rope and the dragon raced around in circles and tried to turn a somersault he was the most excited baby dragon that ever lived my father was in a hurry to fly away when the dragon finally calmed down a bit my father climbed on to his back all aboard said the dragon where shall we go we'll spend the night on the beach and tomorrow we'll start the long journey home so it's off to the shores of tangerina shout of my father as the dragon soared above the dark jungle and a muddy river and all the animals bellowing at him and all the crocodiles licking pink lollipops and grinning wide grins after all what did the crocodiles care about a way to cross the river what a fine feast they were carrying on their backs as my father and the dragon passed over the ocean rocks they heard a tiny excited voice scream bum crack bum crack we need our dragon I mean we need our dragon but my father and the dragon knew that nothing in the world would ever make them go back to wild island the end and if my father's dragon by root styles gannet


Everybody forced here ripping 22 23 elite court contenders six box mixer number 12 random team style Find the results on your screen anytime elite sports cards commas go ahead and get started. Oh, this shirt. It says no England Patriots It's all says Sean says Trash, yeah, so it says all right to elite to court Kings to contenders Next break is select hobby hybrid basketball Vinnie Smith to 99 Mavericks Ricky orange magic Caleb Houston We're all the all the breaks are sold out tonight, New Hampshire But we post our breaks a few days ahead of time. We're scheduled out through Monday or Tuesday now, I believe so you can check all the breaks on the site John Moran orange spellbounds thought of a Mitchell full throttle calves We're sold out here guys, but Almanac tomorrow night with Sam Kyle's live on drip right now with personals got Middleton on the tidal waves purple Caruso to 49 bulls You honest power formulas orange full throttle Edwards T wolves Steph Curry spellbound for the Warriors Tatum on the the on the clarity insert for the Celtics McGowan's rookie Hornets Orange Chris Paul for the Suns Spellbound Luca Mavericks Look a magic orange Steph Curry Warriors. I don't even know. I don't know. Got a pen pal Zerchie auto Lakers Max Christie on card Lakers Oshak bhaji rookie for the jazz orange shingoon rockets Who you talking about? Yeah Star status Mavericks Luca Donchich Orange to soon move bulls and nice Sam Casel box impact impressions auto pretty cool one over to 49 Yeah, we get nothing but questions after that one We just thought he looked like a Red Mike Collie to 99 Jazz yeah, I hold a Charlie Ward auto He was definitely not a beast in the NBA Orange star status Tatum Celtics Bradley Beal on the elite deck Guess so Anyway, got RJ Barrett to 99 for the Knicks Which of us and then which character Ricky orange Johnny Davis for the for the Orange spellbound Trey young the legal was looking up Yelp reviews of business in an apopka You're gonna you're you're burning blue jeans John Rand spellbound we should go one time the three of us can go It's a bar Suns Rookie Walker Kessler jazz I tell you, you know Burton's downtown and like the lodge and all that The owner of those bars. I think they own another one They bought that bar that so jokes on them like Monk Orange Spellbound T Wolves who would who would who would Sean be who to see sound like from the point Orange Edwards T Wolves God Spurs rookie yearbook auto Malachi Branham Malachi Branham Branham rookie for the Spurs Yeah, the ball orange clever Mavericks good for them. It's been nice to have a hockey team that wins playoff series Orange holiday bucks, I still feel bad think about them like Impact impressions auto artists Gilmore bowls I'm guessing we lost two court kinks. It happens got watercolors Levine for the Bulls to 149 Jane and Hardy to 199 rookie fresh paint auto Dallas. There we go Nice hit Dallas sons on the Jersey card Chris Paul. That's game used My show is Donovan Mitchell watercolor Alan Iverson Shed Holmgren level one rookie for the Thunder and a level two Walker Kessler for the jazz Darius Garland Stealth the Cavs Johnny Davis era parents auto number to 49 wizards Who's Monjain Jersey Thunder? rookie expression Jersey Watercolor Yanis Bucks March on Pochamp works in progress Bucks Level one band of Kara rookie magic in the level two of Pochamp Bucks Two tendies now Devils are cut through T Wolves Anthony Edwards playoff ticket to 249 Superstar's I cut Yanis lottery ticket so hawn and Max Christie variation rookie ticket RPS for the Lakers I can just imagine other really your trash, bro Kyrie Irvington 99 for the net semi-final stick it shots Kyrie take it to the Hall Steph Zion license to dominate Pelican short prints Yoke it's ticket to the Hall Doran Pistons rookie of the year and nice and eat an e-jail Adele to 49 finals ticket rookie variation auto Pelicans e-jail Adele should have Seth Rogen come break with us. Oh, that'd be cool Me grab the bill Lillard This is the end so good So good. Yeah, I saw that news of my friends and I came out dude.  Oh superstar Tatum. It's off the rails and it's dumb when it's hilarious So makes it so good is because it's so ridiculous It was Mon Jang Tomorrow you can only quote a whole lot of things in that movie unfortunately on stream Shade on sharp and a nice Franz Wagner sophomore contenders auto to 99 or just contenders all I guess Here we go magic Franz Wagner to 99 Lottery ticket Ben caro Wait still in Terry rookie ticket auto for the Bulls. This wasn't backwards. It's strange Maybe I'm just strange Jay Nivee lottery tickets Ray Jean Rondo and that will do it How's it go with the ladies? I gotta listen to his lap and get it down relics of it was Mon Jang Chris Paul autos of Dale and Terry Franz Wagner E. J. Liddell Max Christie Johnny Davis Jaden Hardy Artist Gilmore Malachi Branham Sam Casel for the Bucks and a Max Christie. Thanks again, everybody on to select H2


Welcome to understanding fire safety in the NCC. The focus of this presentation is on the fundamentals of fire safety in buildings, including fire safety terminology and the aims of the fire safety provisions in the NCC. This is what you will learn about in this presentation, what causes fire. Approach to fire safety in the NCC. Key fire safety concepts and terminology. Active and passive fire safety measures. Other useful resources. What causes fire and how do we suppress it? The fire triangle diagram presents a key concept that underpins fire suppression methodologies. The removal or depletion of one of the three fire criteria stops the fire from continuing to burn.  For example when it has used up all the available oxygen or fuel or when it is cooled to the point that the chemical reaction can no longer take place. The provisions within the NCC make use of this understanding of what causes fire and what can suppress it. Fire safety in the NCC. The NCC fire safety requirements predominantly focus on the safe evacuation of occupants before exposure to untenable conditions and preventing damage to other buildings, i.e. minimising the spread of fire from one building to another. Untenable conditions are conditions in which human life is not sustainable due to prolonged exposure to smoke, heat or toxic gas. Stopping the combustion process can contribute to fire safety in buildings. However it is not a critical requirement of the NCC. The NCC also doesn't facilitate comprehensive property protection. The NCC fire safety provisions do not require that the building is prevented from burning down. Only that the occupants can evacuate safely and the fire doesn't spread to neighbouring buildings.  They have evolved over time as a result of learning from experience, learning from research, political expediency, current fire safety regulations can include measures that were used almost 2,000 years ago. The first major historical fires that led to regulations being introduced were the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD. Rome burnt for four days. Once the fire was extinguished, the then Emperor Nero implemented a new urban development plan designed to stop the spread of fire. This included wider open roads, restrictions on the height of houses, more space between houses, requirements to build houses in brick or stone, no common walls allowed. The Great Fire of London in 1666 embers from a bakery chimney ignited a thatched roof on an adjacent building. London burnt for four days with 80% of buildings destroyed. Subsequently, fire control measures were introduced, including hand-held water suppression, buckets, hand pumps, fire breaks created by pulling down buildings with hooks and ropes or controlled gunpowder explosions, requirements to build houses in brick or stone, wider streets, introduction of building surveyors to enforce these new regulations. Many of these same measures are essential parts of current fire safety regulations around the world. Even now, the development of regulations of the built environment to minimise the impact of fire is an evolving process. Key concept, fire resistance level, FRL. The fire resistance level of a building element is a measure of how long the element can control or reduce the spread of fire, gases, heat and retain its own structural strength when exposed to fire. FRL is a graded performance over time of a building element exposed to a test fire. It is measured in minutes and basically states how long a material or form of construction will last when subject to a fire in a building. The Australian standard, AS1530.4, is generally used to define a material's FRL. An FRL has three parts, each of which measures one aspect of the fire resistance of an element, structural adequacy, which measures its ability to maintain stability and load bearing capacity when exposed to fire. Integrity, which measures how long it can resist the passage of flames and hot gases. Insulation, which measures how long the material can maintain a required minimum temperature on a surface not exposed to fire. That is, how long before other surfaces become too hot as a result of fire on another surface of the material. If one aspect is not applicable, the FRL will include a dash for that aspect. For example, 90, 60, 30 means that the material or form of construction will be structurally adequate, i.e. hold the load that it is carrying for 90 minutes. It will maintain its integrity, i.e. hold its shape or form for 60 minutes and will insulate against heat from one side to the other for 30 minutes. FRLs are specified for many materials, elements, assemblies in many different parts of the NCC. For example, in Volume 1, they are specified in sections C, D, E, G and I, as well in the state, territory, appendices in the schedules. Specification 1 of the various NCC volumes contains the procedures for determining the FRL of different building elements. The next slide is an activity with three questions to apply this concept of fire resistance levels. Interpreting fire resistance levels. Question 1. What level of structural adequacy must each opening have? Possible answer 1. None of the listed types of openings in a firewall must have any level of structural adequacy. i.e. none of them need to comply with AS 1530.4 to maintain their stability and load bearing capacity in a fire. Question 2. How long must each type of opening maintain a temperature on unexposed surfaces? Possible answer 2. Self-closing or automatic closing doors in firewalls must maintain a temperature on unexposed surfaces for at least 30 minutes. Windows of any kind and other openings in firewalls have no requirement to maintain a temperature on unexposed surfaces for any time. Other requirements may apply. This is the insulation portion of the FRL i.e. the third value. Question 3. How long must each type of openings resist the passage of flame and hot gases? Possible answer 3. All the listed kinds of openings in a firewall must resist the passage of flames and hot gases for at least 60 minutes. This is the integrity portion of the FRL i.e. the second value. Fire source feature. A fire source feature for a wall is a point. From which a fire could spread to the building or to which a fire could spread from the building. This includes the far boundary of a road, river or lake which adjoins the allotment e.g. an allotment boundary that is on the other side of a street. It can also be the side or rear allotment boundary even if no building or structure is on the adjoining allotment. A fire source feature can also be an external wall of another building on the same allotment besides a shed, garage, carport, etc. The definition of external wall is slightly different for volume 1 and volume 2. Note that, as the illustration shows, class 10 buildings, structures on a block are treated separately and are not included in the definition of a fire source feature. Fire source features need to be identified so that appropriate fire safety measures can be taken to prevent the spread of fire. Example. FRLs and fire source features. Question 1. What minimum FRL is required for an external wall in a class 5 type A construction building if the wall is 2 metres from a fire source feature? Answer 1. FRL equals 120, 90, 90. Question 2. What minimum FRL is required for an external wall in a class 7B type A construction building if the wall is 1 metre from a fire source feature? Answer 2. FRL equals 240, 240, 240. Question 3. What is the relationship between the minimum insulation requirement of an external wall and the distance between the wall and the fire source feature? Answer 3. As the distance increases, the minimum requirement for insulation in an external wall of a type A construction building decreases. The minimum requirement for integrity reduces similarly, but only once the distance reaches more than 3 metres. Minimum requirements for structural adequacy remain the same for a wall exposed to a fire source feature, regardless of how far away that feature is. This holds true for any class 2 to 9 buildings. This means that an external load bearing wall in a type A building must be able to maintain its structural stability and load bearing capacity when exposed to fire or the same minimum time of the closeness of a fire source feature. Key concept. Combustible and noncombustible. Noncombustible is defined in two parts. A. For a material and B. For construction or part of a building. For a material, this means a material which is or is not deemed to be combustible as determined by the Australian standard AS1530.1 combustibility test for materials. As you can tell from the examples given, noncombustible materials will not propagate fire spread during a building fire. Obviously, for fire safety, a noncombustible material is better. However, not every material or building element is equally exposed to fire, so they do not all need to provide the same level of protection. Also, sometimes more combustible materials have properties that make them desirable in other ways. So sometimes there is a need or desire to balance or trade off the combustibility of a material with its other performance characteristics. Noncombustible materials may be required in isolation or as an addition to a requirement for an element to have an FRL. The fact that a material is classed as noncombustible does not imply that the material has an FRL. If the provisions require use of a noncombustible material with a certain FRL, you must use a material that clearly meets both of these criteria. There is a concession for certain types of combustible materials which is discussed shortly. Key concept, combustible and noncombustible. Like noncombustible materials, combustible materials are also defined in two parts. A, for a material and B, for construction or part of a building. Combustible materials is also a defined term for Schedule 1 definitions in the NCC. Essentially, if a material can't withstand the AS 1530.1 test, it is combustible. Although a building built entirely from noncombustible materials would have fire safety advantages, it would be difficult to achieve and therefore impractical, which is one reason why the BCA reserves noncombustibility requirements for key high-risk areas of certain buildings, such as the external cladding of high-rise buildings. Nevertheless, the BCA achieves fire safety by other means, including fire resistance, as already covered, and fire hazard properties, which will be covered shortly. There is a concession for certain types of combustible materials which is discussed on the next slide. Concession, materials that may be used for elements required to be noncombustible may be used wherever Volume 2 requires a noncombustible material. A similar list appears in Volume 1. Clause C2 D10 6 Key concept, fire hazard properties. Fire hazard properties capture the specific properties of a material or assembly of materials and how it performs when exposed to fire. Fire hazard properties provide ratings for how. Quickly, a material or assembly of materials will catch fire. Quickly, the fire will spread once a light and much smoke is produced once that material is on fire. Fire hazard properties are a means of controlling the performance of exposed elements during early stages of fire. They are typically used to measure the performance of linings, i.e. floor coverings or wall linings, to determine if they are appropriate for use in buildings. There are different types of fire hazard properties defined in the NCC, including the Average Specific Extinction Rate, Critical Radiant Flux, Flammability Index, Smoke Developed Index, Smoke Development Rate, Spread of Flame Index, Group Number, Smoke Growth Rate Index. Each of these properties is either a defined term in the NCC or it references another section of the NCC. It is important to understand the meaning of each property, how it is derived and what it can be used for. Complete the sentences below. Option 1 A material is what if it does not readily ignite or burn? The answer is noncombustible. Option 2 Building elements that could be exposed to fire are required to meet a minimum what? The answer is fire resistance level, FRL. Option 3 A what for a building is any feature from which fire can spread to the building or to which fire could spread from the building? The answer is fire source feature. Option 4 A building material's what? Indicate how that material will behave under specific fire test conditions. The answer is fire hazard properties. How do we achieve fire safety? To achieve fire safety in buildings, the NCC prescribes minimum fire safety requirements. This is made up of individual elements that in combination form a fire safety system within the building. A fire safety system may have one or more different elements, each of which could be targeted to one of the four aims listed on the slide. Active fire safety measures are those triggered when exposed to the products of fire such as heat, smoke or toxic gas or which are manually operated. Passive fire safety measures are those that do not respond or activate when subjected to fire or fire products. They are measures that are generally built into the building fabric and are focused on fire resistance. What are the active fire safety measures? Active fire safety measures are those triggered when exposed to the products of fire such as heat, smoke or toxic gas such as an automatic smoke alarm which are manually or automatically operated. For example, a fire extinguisher on a wall which must be manually operated. A smoke alarm triggers when it senses the presence of smoke.  Remember, active fire safety involves exposure to a fire product like heat or smoke which may proceed the start of a flame. What are passive fire safety measures? Passive fire safety measures are those that do not respond or activate when subjected to fire or fire products. These measures are focused on fire resistance. They are all about resisting ignition in the first instance and preventing the spread of flame if a fire does occur. They include fire rated walls, roofs, floors, doors, stairways, compartmentation i.e. dividing large spaces into separate fire compartments, use of non-combustible cladding, providing open space between buildings and potential fire sources. They are generally part of the building fabric and are required to have one or more of the following attributes. Fire resisting materials, resistance to the incipient spread of fire, non-combustibility, fire hazard properties, smoke proof, solid core.  However, because of the type of buildings and their use across both volumes are different, there are some differences in the fire safety provisions. There is no one-size-fits-all approach with any aspect of building design, and the same is true for fire safety design. Volume 1 covers a broad range of building classifications and uses, so there are different risks associated with fire. Some building classifications are associated with inherently risky activities from the point of view of fire, such as manufacturing or laboratory work. Warehouse buildings and other commercial buildings can also store flammable items or items that give off toxic smoke. There is an increased risk of fire in these types of buildings and an increased risk to health and amenity for the occupants' users of the buildings. The fire safety measures required in these classes of buildings reflect that increased risk. Class 2 to 9 buildings can also often be large buildings and multi-storied buildings, which increases the time it takes to evacuate the building in the case of a fire. Fire safety measures need to take account of the need for occupants to have a longer time frame to evacuate safely than might be required in a smaller building. Similarly, in some of these classes of buildings, the occupants may be incapacitated, for example in a hospital or residential care home. When occupants need assistance to evacuate, then the evacuation will take longer, so this needs to be considered in the design and construction of fire safety measures. Additionally, in class 3 apartment buildings, class 2 buildings, or class 4 parts of a building, occupants may be asleep at the time the fire occurs, so they need to be alerted to the fire and given the time to evacuate safely. Key responses to these fire-associated risks in class 2 to 9 buildings include those listed on the slide. Volume 2 covers a smaller range of building classifications, predominantly housing, with different risks, but there are fire risks nevertheless. Some of the activities that typically take place in class 1 and class 10 buildings can cause fire, for example cooking, which is a common cause of house fires. Other common causes of house fires are outdoor barbecues or other outdoor fires, overloading of electrical systems, too many plugs in one outlet, smoking, particularly in bed. Occupants of class 1 buildings may also be asleep at the time the fire occurs, so they need to be alerted to the fire and given the time to evacuate safely. Evacuation can genuinely be quicker, however, because class 1 buildings tend to be smaller than a commercial building and only one or two storeys high, so not as much time is needed to evacuate the building. Key responses to these fire-associated risks in class 1 and 10 buildings include those listed on the slide. Other useful resources. There are some ABCB standards related to fire safety, particularly for the NCC Volume 1. As with all other reference documents, these are not mandatory, but may be used to comply depending on the pathway chosen. One example is the ABCB fire safety verification method standard. The ABCB also provides a range of handbooks that contain non-mandatory guidance information. Similarly, there are case studies, videos and other resources available from the ABCB website that might be useful to them. These do not contain any mandatory requirements. What three inputs are needed to sustain a fire? Oxygen. Heat. Fuel. All three inputs are required to sustain a fire, so fire safety measures in the NCC are generally targeted towards reducing one or the other of these inputs. The fire safety provisions in the NCC are designed to save people from death or injury and save buildings from burning down in a fire. Warn building occupants.  Warn building occupants. Allow them to evacuate safely and stop a fire from burning the building down.  If you selected option two, yes, that's right. Summary. Fire requires fuel, oxygen and heat. Removing one or more of these slows or stops the fire. Many fire safety measures are targeted at reducing one or more of these inputs. Overall aim is to protect lives and prevent the spread of fire between buildings. Not focused on property protection. Buildings must be designed, built to allow for safe evacuation.  Key points. Fire source features. Exposure building to the risk of fire from outside can result in fire passing from one building to another. Appropriate fire safety rated materials and elements must be used in relevant situations or locations. Different ways of specifying fire safety characteristics of materials, assemblies, FRL, non-combustible, fire hazard properties. Concession allows for use of some combustible materials wherever a non-combustible material is required. Thank you for your time. That brings our presentation on understanding fire safety in the NCC to a close. If you'd like more information, please visit abcb.gov.au.


Bismillahirrahmanirrahim we have discussed in detail measurement of money and functions of money. Now the in our sequence the next topic is money demand and in the money demand there are different theories so in that the first comes quantity theory of money. But first of all I would like to introduce the basic concept of money demand that what do we economists mean by money demand. So the basic definition of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money. So the basic definition of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money demand. So the basic definition of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money demand. So the basic definition of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money demand. So the basic definition of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money demand. So the basic definition of money demand is desire of people for an amount of money demand. So basically money demand theory itself does not tell us that. In fact we analyze people's behavior and we find out why people hold money. That means what are the motives of money demand. And the second important issue that is discussed in money demand theory is factors affecting money demand. That means there are different variables, different factors, different reasons, what are the factors affecting money demand, what is the nature of the relationship between factors and money demand, what is the nature of the relationship between factors and money demand. Now the theories of money demand, I have already told you that the first is quantity theory of money demand, then Keynesian theory of money demand and then portfolio theory of money demand. And these are the three broader theories and they have two extensions that I will discuss in the future. So these are the total five theories. In the first lecture of the introduction, I told you about the five theories of money demand. So these are the main three and will come as two extensions. Now the first theory is evolution. That means we are coming from the old times to the new times. So this old theory is the quantity theory of money demand of the 20th century. So basically this theory started with the analysis that the aggregate income or aggregate spending which we can call GDP, how it was determined in the economy. And Fisher was an economist who started this analysis, that means he was interested in what can be the relationship between money and aggregate spending or aggregate income. So he found out this thing during the analysis and he found out the result of this analysis that the link between money and total spending or total income is established through velocity. Now I will give a whole lecture in detail on velocity. But for now we will just fit the velocity here in our equation. So the basic equation quantity theory of money is M into V is equal to P into Y. Now P price is general, Y is total economic activity. So P into Y is total spending or total nominal income or aggregate income. And the M money and V velocity whose basic definition is that one rupee or one unit of money is used in how many times of the transaction. So this total is multiplied by its velocity is equal to total spending or total income. Now initially this is an identity. The amount of money multiplied by its velocity is total income or total spending. So what is the theory in this? This is just an identity. Identity means that the relationship between which there is no behavioural relationship is by definition equal to two sides equation. So now if we want to convert this into theory then we have to add behaviour. And to add that behaviour we will focus on velocity first. Because with the determination of velocity and the analysis of velocity we can find out how the equation is converted into the quantity theory of money. Thank you.


Hi and welcome to the session. Today we will learn about operations on rational numbers. First of all let us see addition of rational numbers. So let us learn how to add two rational numbers with same denominators. Let us add 5 by 9 and minus 3 by 9. We will add these two rational numbers using the number 9. First of all let us draw the number line. So here we have the number line and on this number line the distance between any two consecutive points is equal to 1 by 9. Now we need to add minus 3 by 9 to 5 by 9 so we will start from 5 by 9. Now as we need to add minus 3 by 9 which is a negative rational number so that means we will move to the left of 5 by 9. Now the numerator of minus 3 by 9 is 3. That means we will make 3 jumps from 5 by 9 to the left of 5 by 9. So by making 3 jumps we reach to the point 2 by 9. That means 5 by 9 plus minus 3 by 9 is equal to 2 by 9. Now we have one more way of adding two rational numbers with same denominators. So let us add 5 by 9 and minus 3 by 9. Here we will keep the denominator same that is 9 and we will add the numerators of both the rational numbers. So we get 5 plus minus 3 in the numerator so this gives us 2 by 9. That means 5 by 9 plus minus 3 by 9 is equal to 2 by 9. Thus while adding rational numbers with same denominators we add the numerators keeping the denominator same. Now let's see how to add two rational numbers with different denominators. Let us add two rational numbers minus 2 by 3 and 3 by 4. Here the denominators of these two rational numbers are different. So for this first of all we will express these two rational numbers with same denominators. So let us take the LCM of 3 and 4. The LCM of 3 and 4 is equal to 12. Now we will express these two rational numbers with denominator as 12. So minus 2 upon 3 can be written as minus 2 into 4 upon 3 into 4 which is equal to minus 8 upon 12. And 3 upon 4 can be written as 3 into 3 upon 4 into 3 which is equal to 9 upon 12. So from this we can say that minus 2 upon 3 plus 3 upon 4 is same as minus 8 upon 12 plus 9 upon 12. So let us add these two rational numbers. Now the denominator of these two rational numbers is same and we know how to add two rational numbers with same denominators. We will keep the denominator as 12 and we will add the numerators. So in numerator we get minus 8 plus 9 so this gives us 1 upon 12. Thus the sum of minus 2 upon 3 and 3 upon 4 is equal to 1 upon 12. Now let's see what is the additive inverse of a rational number. Suppose we have a rational number p by q then p by q plus minus p by q will be equal to p plus minus p upon q which is equal to 0. So from this we can say that minus p by q is the additive inverse of rational number p by q and p by q is the additive inverse of rational number minus p by q. Let's take an example. Suppose we have a rational number minus 2 by 5 then additive inverse of minus 2 by 5 will be equal to 2 by 5. Now let's move on to subtraction of rational numbers. While subtracting rational numbers the additive inverse of the rational number that is being subtracted to the other rational number. Let's take an example for this. Let us subtract the rational number minus 5 by 7 from minus 2 by 5. So we have minus 2 by 5 minus minus 5 by 7. Now to subtract minus 5 by 7 from minus 2 by 5 we will add the additive inverse of minus 5 by 7 to minus 2 by 5. So this will be equal to minus 2 by 5 plus additive inverse of minus 5 by 7 which is equal to 5 by 7. So this is equal to minus 2 by 5 plus 5 by 7. Now to add these two rational numbers we will express the two rational numbers with same denominators. For this we will take the LCM of 5 and 7. Now LCM of 5 and 7 is 35 so the equivalent fraction of minus 2 by 5 will be equal to minus 14 by 35 plus and the equivalent fraction of 5 by 7 will be 25 upon 35.  That means minus 2 by 5 minus minus 5 by 7 is equal to 11 upon 35. Next we have multiplication of rational numbers. First of all let us learn how to multiply a rational number by a positive integer. Suppose we want to multiply the rational number minus 2 by 7 by the positive integer 3. We will multiply this with the help of a number line. So let us draw the number line first. So this is the number line. Here the distance between two consecutive points is 1 by 7. As we want to multiply minus 2 by 7 which is a negative rational number. So we will start from 0 and we will move to the left of 0. Now we are multiplying minus 2 by 7 by 3 so that means we will make three jumps of 2 by 7 to the left of 0. Like this. So by making three jumps we reach at the point minus 6 by 7 that means minus 2 by 7 into 3 is equal to minus 6 by 7. Now we use one more way to multiply a rational number by a positive integer. Now we need to multiply minus 2 by 7 by 3 so this will be equal to minus 2 into 3 upon 7. Here we have multiplied the positive integer 3 with the numerator of the rational number. So we get minus 2 into 3 upon the denominator of the rational number that is 7. So this is equal to minus 6 upon 7. From this we conclude that by multiplying a rational number by a positive integer we multiply the numerator by that integer keeping the denominator unchanged. Now let's see how to multiply a rational number by a negative integer. Let's multiply minus 2 by 7 by minus 3. For this we will multiply the numerator minus 2 by the negative integer minus 3 and we will keep the denominator as 7 itself. So this will be equal to 6 by 7. Next we will see how to multiply two rational numbers. Suppose we want to multiply minus 2 by 7 and 3 by 5 then minus 2 by 7 into 3 by 5 will be equal to for this we will multiply the numerators of both the rational numbers and we will get minus 2 into 3 upon. Now we will multiply the denominators of both the rational numbers that is 7 into 5. So this is equal to minus 6 upon 35. Now let's see the reciprocal of a rational number. Suppose we have a rational number p by q then the reciprocal of the rational number p by q will be equal to q by p. For example suppose we have a rational number minus 2 by 3 then the reciprocal of minus 2 by 3 will be equal to 3 by minus 2 which is equal to minus 3 by 2. Now we have a property that the product of a rational number with its reciprocal is always 1. Let us verify this property here reciprocal of minus 2 by 3 is minus 3 by 2. So let us multiply minus 2 by 3 by its reciprocal that is minus 3 by 2. So this will be equal to minus 2 into minus 3 upon 3 into 2 which will be equal to 6 upon 6 that is 1. Now let's move on to division of rational numbers to divide one rational number by the other rational number we multiply the rational number by the reciprocal of the other. Here is an example for this we need to divide minus 7 upon 15 by 2 upon 3. So minus 7 upon 15 divided by 2 upon 3 will be equal to minus 7 upon 15 into the reciprocal of 2 upon 3 that is 3 upon 2. So this will be equal to minus 7 into 3 upon 15 into 2 which is equal to minus 21 upon 30 which is equal to minus 7 upon 10 in its standard form. Thus in this session we have learnt operations on rational numbers with this we finish this session hope you must have understood all the concepts goodbye take care and have a nice day.


Hi guys, welcome back to this channel and if it's your first time to come across this channel, consider subscribing. Support this channel by subscribing. By the way, do not forget to hit that notification bell. You'll be updated when I upload a new video. In today's video, we are still looking at what you call the Kuwait Liberals. And remember, Kuwait is one of the Middle East or Gulf countries that has become a favorite destination for people or different nationalities going to work or looking for money or bread at the end of it all. Remember, each of these Gulf countries have different labor laws according to their country. And remember, when we are looking at the labor laws, these labor laws are not only put to infringe workers, but also to protect the workers and the employer, such that this is an imitial, what you call imitial relationship that governs the employer and the employee at given time. And today's video, we are going to look at the employment contract in Kuwait. Then we are also going to look at what you call employment contract and what you call the probation period in Kuwait. Remember, we've talked about other Gulf countries and their probation period, but today's video, we want to look at the employment contract and the probation period in Kuwait. Remember, before we talk about the probation period, we need to understand the contract. We have what you call a definite contract and we also have what you call a definite contract in Kuwait. When we talk about a definite contract in Kuwait, we are looking at a contract that is three years. Then when you talk about indefinite contract in Kuwait, we are talking about contract that is beyond three years.  But remember, if we are talking about the probation period, there's something that you need to understand. When you are signing the contracts, most of some of the contracts or your employer may have that close of how long is going to be your probation period and what are you supposed to do. So as you get to sign most of these contracts coming for contracts for work, especially in the Gulf countries, you must thoroughly read and understand. Take your time, read and understand what are the closes, what governs this contract. If I'm supposed to resign at what time I must be supposed to retire, am I given food, am I given transport, what am I working hours? Those are most things that you need to consider and look at because they are all beskupilated. Look at end of service models, look at vacation tickets, they all have to be speculated in what we call the contract. But remember, the probation period, if there is no close in your contract, then according to article 32 of the Kuwait labor law, the probation period of the worker shall be specified in the contract and this should be not more than 100 working days. That is according to the Kuwait labor law. If that one is speculated or it's written down in your contract, then the probation period, a working days or the probation period in Kuwait shall not be more than what you call 100 working days. That's what we need to understand. Because remember, why is there the probation period? Most of the time if people are under probation period, there is what we call medical checkups, there is also the employer will check because they need to check your medical, then the also employer will also look at the employee's performance under those periods, under that period. It will be enough for him or her to study the employment progress or to study the kind of person is going to deal with. Still, we may not look at the employer himself alone, but also let us look at the employee what is the use of the probation period to you. It will enable you to closely understand the company that you are going to work with. If you are willing to go on, then you will stay. If you are not willing, then you will not stay in the company. That's why they always what you call probation period. But remember someone asked a question, what should I do if I would like to leave my probation period? What should you do? But legally speaking, everyone is allowed to resign and you have the right to go or resign even if you are still under the probation period. You can move, you can go, but in a theoretical part of it only, if theoretical part of it all speaking, you are allowed to leave, but how are you leaving that employer or that company? You are supposed to notify that person, you are supposed to notify your employer. Depending on how much a notice period you are supposed to give him, you let this employer that will be leaving your company with a notice period given, that should be a very good way. And how am I going to do it? It is through writing. You write a letter addressing it to the human resource or anyone the concerned party. Still, you can also write what you call an official email letting your employer or your human resource department know that in the next three months you'll be quitting your work. That is what you call the formal way of resigning. So remember the best thing to do when you resign, it is submitting a written or what you call a formal email to the people that are working, to the sponsor or to the people that are eating you because if you in your same shoes you are in the company, you are the manager, it will not be looked for person that you paid for visa or you live in a paid ticket and he wants to resign or wants to move without your permission. But remember still something that I need to remind you that in Kuwait you need to have the permission of your employer before you can exit. Hope that is very clear. You need to have a letter that a release letter that is going to be given to you before you can exit. Thank you so much for coming back to this channel. Thank you so much for supporting this channel. Remember it's Meks from the Meks creation team. See you again as we try to look for more opportunities. We try to look at more of this culture.