Item No. SCP-087 Object Class Euclid Special Containment Procedures SCP-087 is located on the campus of ██████. The doorway leading to SCP-087 is constructed of reinforced steel with an electro-release lock mechanism. It has been disguised to resemble a janitorial closet consistent with the design of the building. The lock mechanism in the doorknob will not release until ████. Vaults are applied in conjunction with counterclockwise rotation of the key. The inside of the door is lined with 6 cm of industrial foam padding. Due to the result of the final exploration, seek Document 087-4. No personnel are permitted access to SCP-087. Description SCP-087 is an unlit platform staircase. Stairs descend on a 38-degree angle for 13 steps before reaching a semi-circular platform for approximately 3 meters in diameter. The descent direction rotates 180 degrees at each platform. The design of SCP-087 limits subjects to a visual range of approximately 1.5 flights. A light source required for any subjects exploring SCP-087 as there is no lighting fixtures or windows present. Lighting sources brighter than 75 watts have been shown to be ineffective as SCP-087 seems to absorb excess light. Subjects, reports, and audio recordings confirm the distress vocalization for what is to be a child between the ages of ████ and ████. The source of the distress call is estimated to be located approximately 200 meters below the initial platform. However, any attempts to descend the staircase have failed to bring subjects closer to the source. The depth of the descent calculated from Exploration 4, the longest exploration has shown to be far beyond both the possible structure of both the building and geological surroundings. At this time, it is unknown that SCP-087 has an endpoint. SCP-087 undergone four video recorded explorations by a Class D personnel. Each subject conducting exploration has encountered SCP-087-1, which appears as a face with no visible pupils, nostrils, or mouth. The nature of SCP-087-1 is entirely unclear, but it has been determined that it is not the source of the pleading. Subjects exhibit feelings of intense paranoia and fear when faced with SCP-087-1, but it is undetermined whether said feelings are abnormal or simply natural reactions. Addendum, over a period of two weeks following Exploration 4, several members of the staff and students from the ████████████ campus reported knockings at a variable rate of 1-2 seconds per knock coming from the interior of SCP-087. The door leading to SCP-087 has been fitted with 6 cm thick industrial padding. All reports of knocking have ceased. Authorized personnel may refer to Document 087-1 through 087-4 for transcripts or Exploration 1-4. Document 087-1, Exploration 1, D-843-2 is a 43-year-old Caucasian male average build and appearance of unremarkable psychological background. Class D designation results in demotion due to mishandling SCP-█████. D-843-2 is equipped with a 75-watt flood lamp with battery power cable of lasting 24 hours. A handheld recorder fitted with a transmission stream and an audio headset for communication with Dr. ██████ at control. D-843-2 steps through doorway onto the initial platform. Despite the wattage, the flood lamp only illuminates the first nine steps. The second platform is not visible.  Is your flood lamp functioning properly? D-843-2 shines the light out the door and onto the academic building's hallway. The light reaches significantly further. Yeah, it's working. It just won't light these stairs all the way down. Thank you. Please continue. D-843-2 descends for 13 steps before reaching the second platform. The platform is in the shape of a semi-circle with apparently concrete surface and walls. There are no distinct markings aside from nondescript patches of dust, dirt, and wear consistent with that which is found in a typical concrete stairwell. D-843-2 rotates 180 degrees to begin descent down to second flight, then pauses. Reason for stopping? You hear that?  Sounds like one. None of the described audio is feeding through the camera or mic at this time. Could you please describe the sound? It's young. Either female or a very young boy. It's crying and sobbing and saying, please, help, please. Yeah, it keeps repeating that and crying. Can you estimate its distance from your current location? Uh, fuck, I don't know, maybe 200 meters down? Please continue down the next flight. The subject descends under 13 steps as he reaches the landing audio the child has described is picked up. The child alterates between sobbing, wailing, and the words please, help, and down here. The level of audio is consistent with D-843-2's report of it being approximately 200 meters down. Can you still hear the crying? Yeah. We're picking it up as well. Please continue down. Stop if you notice any changes in the audio or environment. The subject descends another three flights of stair before stopping. Keep going? Please. D-843-2 continues another 17 flights, total of 22 flights before stopping. There is no visual changes in the environment and each flight has been in consistent 13 steps.  Stereo audio confirms the crying noise has not increased in volume and range approximately 200 meters below the subject. Noted. Please continue. The subject continues another 28 flights before stopping. 50 flights total. D-843-2 is standing on the 51st landing, counting the initial ground level landing. D-843-2 is estimated to be 200 meters below the initial platform. 34 minutes have elapsed. The volume of the crying has not increased. I feel a little uneasy. You spent a long time in a dark, unknown stairwell. It's natural. Please continue. The subject hesitates before stepping down the next stair. As the subject moves forward, the floodlamp illuminates a face located approximately at the bottom of the flight, SCP-087-1. It appears to be the same size and shape as the human head, except it is lacking a mouth, nostrils, and pupils. The face is completely motionless, but it is making direct eye contact, indicating its awareness of D-843-2. Fuck!  Shit!   Can you please describe what you see?   It's looking right at me. Is it moving? No. It's just staring at me.  It's creepy. Please approach and further illuminate the entity.  I don't want to fucking… The face jerks forward about 50 centimeters directly towards D-843-2.  D-843-2 enters a panicked state and rapidly ascends SCP-087. D-843-2 reaches the ground floor in 18 minutes, at which time he collapses and passes out. There is no sign of SCP-087-1. Reveal of the footage indicates an equal number of flights and steps ascending as descending. Audio of the crying and pleading remains the same volume until the last flight, at which point it ceases. Medical reports indicate its collapse was the result of the rapid ascension of the air, causing fatigue. Document 087-2, Exploration 2 D-9035 is a 28-year-old African American male-a-strong build. Psychological background indicates no abnormalities except an extreme hatred for women. Subject has an extensive record of ██████ D-9035 is equipped with a 100-watt flood lamp with battery power capable of lasting 24 hours. A handheld camcorder fitted with a transmission stream and an audio headset for communication with Dr. ██████ at control. D-9035 is also equipped with a backpack containing 75 small LED lights with adhesive backs and battery lines for approximately three weeks. Lights turn on and off by compressing them. D-9035 shines the floodlight down the first flight of stairs, despite the extra wattage the light does not illuminate beyond the ninth step. You want me to go down there, duck? Please shine your floodlight outside of SCP-087 to verify it is functioning properly. D-9035 shines the light into the hallway, comparison with the footage from Exploration 1 confirms that it is indeed brighter. Thank you. Please continue to the first landing. Hey, duck. I don't know what you said and all, but I don't think I want to go there. Please continue to the first landing. Duck, look out. As per our earlier conversation, please continue to the first landing. D-9035 pauses for 18 seconds and sends 13 steps to the first landing and stops. Is that a kid? Please remove one of the adhesive lights and affix it to the wall and the landing. Duck, you hear that? Is that a kid down there? That's unconfirmed. Please affix an adhesive light to the wall and verify its functions. D-9035 hesitates, then removes one of the lights from the backpack and adheres it to the wall. He presses on the light and it turns on. Please turn off your flood lamp. D-9035 hesitates again before turning off the lamp. The LED light illuminates the landing but does not extend beyond the first step either way. Thank you. You may turn your flood lamp back on. Please continue to the send. At each landing affix an LED light to the wall and turn it on. If you notice anything unusual, please report it. D-9035 turns the flood lamp back on, then descends the next flight of stairs. As he sets foot on the landing, the audio picks up sounds of pleading and crying, consistent with those of the first exploration. Can you still hear the previously reported audio? Uh, yeah. The audio sounds about 150, maybe 200 meters down, am I supposed to get her? Look, doc. I don't do good with kids. Please place the light and continue down until you notice anything unusual. The subject adheres the light to the wall and turns it on, then continues to the next landing. He adheres the third LED light to the wall and turns it on. D-9035 continues in its manner for the next 25 flights before stopping. I don't think I'm getting any closer to the kid, doc. How far below would you estimate the source of the sound be? Same as before, 150, 200 meters down? Thank you. Please continue. D-9035 continues in the same fashion for the next 24 flights. At the 51st landing, he stops. Footage shows an arched gouge and a concrete wall, estimated to be approximately 50 cm long and 10 cm wide. The first step down from the landing appears to be completely smashed in the rubble. You see that? Yes. Can you please describe what you see? Looks like something slashed to the wall, and the step over here is all crumpled up and stuff. The slash mark looks really smooth. D-9035 touches the gouge mark. Yeah, smooth. Feels like glass. Thank you. Please continue down. Look, doc. I think I've gone far enough. Please continue, as per our agreement. I don't want to be doing this, agreement or not. D-9035 steps over the storage step and continues down the staircase. Nothing is notable of the next landing. D-9035 and here in the LED light to the wall continues in the same fashion for another 38 flights. The sound of the crying and pleading still has not gotten closer. D-9035 is on the 89th landing and 74 minutes is a lap from the beginning of the exploration. Subject is estimated to be 350 meters below the initial platform. I feel like the kid is just trying to lure me down here, doc. I think it's time for me to… D-9035 stops talking and moving at the flood lamp and luminous SCP-087-1. The face is staring directly at D-9035, again indicating awareness of the subject's presence. Although SCP-087-1 appears to be unmoving, its location is 38 flights below the initial encounter in exploration 1, indicating it is mobile. Is there a reason you stopped? Unresponsive. D-9035's breeding grows labored. SCP-087-1 remains immobile for an additional 13 seconds. SCP-087-1 blinks. D-9035 is yelling and incomprehensible. SCP-087-1 jerks forward until it is approximately 90 centimeters from D-9035. Subject turns and flees up the stairs. Please relax and calm down. Turn around. We need a closer look at the face. D-9035 ignores Dr. ██████ and continues rapid ascent. He continues to scream incomprehensibly. D-9035, can you hear me? Please slow down. D-9035 is unresponsive and continues rapidly climbing the stairs. His screaming diminishes the babbling. After ascending to 72 flights, D-9035 collapses into the 17th landing. D-9035, can you hear me? D-9035 is unresponsive but labored breathing can be heard through the audio feed. For the next 14 minutes, D-9035 is immobile. The visual feed is black and audio picks up only the subject's breathing and continues pleading coming from below. After 14 minutes and 32 seconds of unchanging visual and audio feeds, the sound of a rapid heartbeat not consistent with a human heartbeat and a low cracking noise is heard. Seven seconds later, D-9035 gasps and revives, continuing his ascent of the stairs rapidly and wordlessly. The heartbeat and cracking cease and nothing abnormal is detected on the visual feed. He remains unresponsive. D-9035 exits SCP-087 and sits on the floor outside of the entrance. D-9035 then enters a cantonic state from which he has not yet recovered. Document 087-3, Expiration 3 D-9884 is a 23-year-old female-average-building appearance. Psychological background indicates a history of depression. Subject has a minimal record of using excessive force to ██████ D-9884 is equipped with a 75-watt flood lamp with battery power capable of lasting 24 hours, a handheld recorder fitted with a transmission stream, and an audio headset for communication with Dr. ██████ at control. D-9884 is also equipped with a backpack containing 3.75 liters of water, 15 nutrient bars, and one thermal blanket. D-9884 stands on the ground level, landing of SCP-087. The flood lamp illuminates only the first nine steps. LED lights placed on the wall during the last exploration are not visible. Please descend to first flight and examine the landing wall. D-9884 descends 13 steps and stops the landing. There is no trace of the LED light at the location footage from exploration 2 indicates it was placed.  No wait, it's a little bit sticky right here. D-9884 indicates to spawn on the wall the LED light should have been located. There's a child crying down here, she's begging for help and crying. Thank you, please continue down the steps until you notice anything unusual. D-9884 descends, upon reaching the next landing, audio of the crying child consistent with the prior two explorations picked up. No LED lights appear to be present on any of the landing walls. D-9884 continued with no incident until she reaches the 17th landing. Ew, there's something on the ground here and it smells really bad, it's all sticky and stuck on my shoe, ugh, it's so gross. Audio feed confirms present of substance occupying a space of approximately 50 cm in diameter. Can you describe the scent? Uh, it kinda smells like old rusty metal and pee. Thank you, please continue until you notice anything else. D-9884 continues to the 51st landing without incident. The 51st landing remains unchanged from the previous expedition and similar observations are made. D-9884 is asked again to descend until anything unusual is noticed. That continues her descent until the 89th landing is reached. The video feed jerks and the subject gills.  The subject shines the floodlight down, revealing only blackness. Approximately 4 seconds pass and a light of indeterminate distance down the hole flicks for approximately 2 seconds and then back off. There was a light down there, it's gone now, but it was on for like a second, did you see it? Yes, can you estimate the depth of this hole? No way, it's too deep, at least a kilometer, like way more than a kilometer. Thank you, can you still hear the sounds of the child? Uh-huh, she still sounds far away, I don't feel like I'm getting any closer, it's like for every step I take she takes one down. Please continue down until you encounter anything unusual. D-9884 continues to descend SCP-087 for approximately an hour, covering an additional 164 flights. She stops to rest on the 253rd landing, consuming one nutrient bar and several gulps of water. D-9884 is at an estimated 1.1 kilometers below the initial landing, yet the sound of the child has not changed in volume. After pausing for 4 minutes, D-9884 resumes her descent, making no stops for an additional 216 flights. 1.5 hours later, D-9884 is on the 469th landing and approximate 1.8 kilometers below the ground level. I'm not getting anywhere, I think it's time I went back, I mean going down is one thing, but this is a long climb back. You have been provided with food, water, and blankets the last few 24 hours. Please continue down.  D-9884 turns towards the previous flight of stairs.  The face appears approximately 30 centimeters from the lens of the camera, its eyes are fixed directly on the lens, this time looking not at the subject but the person viewing the video feed. The video feed glitches and frees in for 4 seconds, accompanied by a static-like screeching noise from the audio feed. It then cuts to bumpy visuals of D-984 descending the stairs rapidly. D-984 panicked and hysterical. It's been following me. This whole time it's been right behind me. Oh, God, it's right behind me. It was looking right at me. Dr. ██████████, please do something. Please help me. Oh, God. No, please let it get away from me. No, please. I knew it was following me. Help him make it leave. Please no, it was looking at me. It was staring at me. It knew I was there. It's been watching me this whole time. Oh, God. Please help me. Oh, no. Please. This continues in a similar fashion until the end. D-984 continues to scream and plea hysterically as she rapidly descends the staircase. The previously hurt static-like screeching seems to overlay the audio feed beneath which can still be heard the original sound of the crying child. Approximately 14 flights down, the video feed swings to show the area directly behind D-984. The face is now approximately 20 cm from the camera lens. It is not staring at the subject, rather it is fixated on the camera lens, given the illusion it is making eye contact with those viewing the footage. It is important to note that since the sighting of SCP-087-1, the sound of the girl crying and pleading have been increasing in volume, indicating D-984 is nearing the source. After an approximate 150 panicked flight to the scent with three visual confirmation of SCP-087-1 still in pursuit, D-984 trips and appears to fall unconscious. Audio feed indicates strong proximity to the source of the crying. The static and screeching noise continue. Video feed shows yet another descending flight of stairs indicating D-984 still has not reached the base of the stairwell. 12 seconds of motion list is passed before the face comes in full view of the camera. Eye contact being made directly with the viewer. Audio and video feed cuts out and no connection is re-established.


So, hello everyone. I am Shubham Tathumasi from Magma Core Foundation. So, here we are talking about a new project that is Magma. It's an open source mobile network core. It has EPC and NG Core support. So, here's the Magma's architecture. Right now we have main three projects. One is Magma's access gateway that contains the LTE core and 5G core and Wi-Fi. We can support all of these things with our Magma's access gateway. We have two more major components. One is the orchestrator which will manage all our gateways that can be Magma's access gateway and that is there's another third project that is Federation Gateway. So Federation Gateway is used for managing existing MNO cores such as HSS, OCS and Wi-Fi and in our this talk we'll show how we can set up entire end-to-end Wi-Fi G core virtual lab on an open stack environment. We can, we'll be using Ansible deployment state for setting all these things up. So, there are three main components that we have to set up. One is Magma's orchestrator which will be deploying on Kubernetes and there are around 10 different Helm charts because this application became very, very huge so we have to divide every single project in itself and the Magma's access gateway which contains the LTE core and 5G core and the third part is simulator. So, in simulators you can use any simulators such as SRSVAN, UVDAN, SIM or any other simulators. We are just targeting the open source simulator as of now because this is just a lab setup. In real-world environment you can use software such as Pyrent or TerraVM but those are licensed based. Okay, let's start with the orchestrator. This is the main component of Magma. Okay, so before we start, first we have to understand what all the services that we are exposing. So, when as a deployer I have to just give a domain name and using that domain name we will be getting five different sub-domain services that will be exposed to the cloud. Initially when we started working on this around four to five years back, all these services were deployed on Kubernetes but that was on AWS. But most of the telecom operators are now on OpenStack. They have their own cloud, they have their own infra. So, there was a very high demand to have a private cloud solution. That's why we started working on OpenStack solution and right now we have a proper solution, a working solution which is working 100% on OpenStack and today I will be showing a demo for that. So, when we are exposing five different services, let's say I have given a domain name of OpenStack.XYZ. I will be getting five different sub-domain services. One is the API, the Swagger API dashboard. Using Swagger API we can manage our entire platform, all the network services and everything. Second is the NMS. NMS is a network management system where we have a dashboard and we can control all our hardware such as access gateways, we can manage our subscribers, we can manage our data plane and everything. The last three components are Fluendy, controller and bootstrap controller. So, these three services are used to communicate with established communication between access gateway and orchestrator and I will be showing you how we can set up all these things and connect all these things together. We just have to do a combination of these sub-domains and main domains which you have provided. So, we can use the services that we want. So, starting with the API, so, if we use the domain like .API.OpenStack and whatever your full domain is, we can see that we get the Swagger API dashboard. This is, of course, after going through all the credentials and everything and we have a huge list of how we can manage all our services and like such as tenants, SMS, carrier Wi-Fi, federation gateway, LTE gateway and 5G will be added in this list soon because our 4G core is established. It's been deployed in many rural areas. It's an open-source solution. Our 5G, we have last month just released the 5G Alpha core and it's been heavily tested at this stage. We are doing partnership with many companies for bringing in and building more on this 5G core. Okay. And this is the single pane of glass. This is our NMS dashboard that is deployed on Kubernetes and it's running behind the scenes. It's running on the cloud. So, with this, we can manage all our hardware and everything. I'll show a demo of this today. The second component is the Magmas access gateway. So, this is very important to understand. When we are setting up a lab, we have to provide minimum three VMs. One VM is for our access gateway which will sit in between and there will be a two-way connection. So, we have to provide two Ethernet, virtual Ethernet ports in this case. One will connect via orchestrator and second will connect via our E node B or G node B or UV ran simulator. So, the connection because in real world, when we deploy this radio on, let's say, some area, so this access gateway sits at the edge location. And in edge location, we have to provide two different cables. One will go out to the Internet and one will go out to an actual radio. And then, using that radio, a user equipment or a mobile device will connect via this. And if you see the parameters which we have provided, this is for our virtual lab setup. So, like 8-0 IP or 8-1 IP, these are the OpenStack IPs. And there are some other things which we have provided such as gateway, like how to connect. And the root CA and the domain name is for configuring. So, entire the establishment of security and trust has happened via root CA. Okay. Once these two things are connected, access gateway will look like something like this. We will be getting all the events, all the logs, let's say some subscribers comes in, they connect to our network. We will see all the logs and events. We will see the entire health of our gateway. And we will see all the connections that will be established here. Okay. Similarly, when we are checking health here on NMS side, we can also SSS to any one of our access gateway and we can see the health if it is connected or not, if all our services are up and running or not. And if we see there are some issues, we can debug it from here. Okay. The very important part is testing our network. So, we know that we have deployed everything on Kubernetes, other things are working on edge locations such as access gateway. But we have to test our network. For testing our network, it is important to run a simulator or a tester to see if everything is working, networking is working fine, and our data is working, we can do upload, we can do download, all these things. And to achieve all this, we can use any sort of simulators in this demo. We are testing this with SRS RAN, this is an open source simulator that is used for 4G and 5G testing. But yeah, you can use any other simulator if you want. Okay. So, all these things can be achieved with the deployment of AWX. So, the demo I will be presenting today, we have done entire end-to-end deployment using AWX. So, with AWX, we actually created three main projects for each of these three things, like simulator, access gateway and orchestrator. We deployed each of them. Then we configured it using entire end-to-end and Sible playbooks. We just gave the parameters and the entire deployment was done on open stack. So, basically, right now we have around four VMs. One is for AWX that will deploy and manage and configure all of the other components such as our orchestrator which is deployed on Kubernetes and an edge location access gateway which will be connected by two interfaces and a simulator for SRS RAN. So, all these things are managed and controlled by AWX. So, for the demo, let's start with our main NMS dashboard. So, when you log in, first you will see that we are getting some alerts and events on our home page. This is very important to check if everything is working or not, if it's healthy or not. So, we are only getting events at the time, so there are no alerts, so this is a good sign. Next, if you see, we have equipments. Equipments are our access gateway. We are getting the health pad because this is a network issue, we can just refresh. So, you know, just a sec, yes. So, you can see health is good. We can just add more gateways here. It can be any access gateway or federation gateway. We can add multiple of those gateways depending on our use case. If we are running our network internally, then we can use access gateway. If we want to extend our network, let's just add some billing system or if we want to use roaming, then you can use federation gateway. Okay. So, here we have our access gateway deployed and it's running on an OpenStack lab. We see few parameters such as version, hardware ID, and health and everything. Okay. So, every single second, we are getting data from Fluendee that is collected and pushed to an elastic search. And using Primo Thies, we can see, okay, all these data is here and we can manage it. And let me, I will also show how this can be very useful when real subscribers or SIM cards come into place and we have to debug them. Okay. So, these are just events, but logs is very important. And yes. So, we have around 6,000 logs. We keep deleting all logs so system won't take too much space. Now, so you see, okay, that at our location, we have the system running, but we actually need subscribers. So, subscribers is our SIM card. So, here's our MZs. So, we can use one of these SIM cards for adding, attaching our network. So, what we can do right now, we can select one of these SIM cards. Yes. So, what we can do, let's try connect this SIM card with our network, which we can do from this. So, this is our deployment platform, which is based on AWX. So, we have been, entire deployment and configuration is done via this platform. So, we have bunch of templates. Okay, let me just re-log in. So, here is the deployment template. So, using this workflow template, we actually did entire deployment and configuration, but that part is already done. What we can do simply is create a simple attach network test, which will test our network and see if everything is working fine, which we can do by running a simple SRS RAN test. And let me show you. So, there is this node. These pods are just for the display, but yeah, our goal is to set up two virtual pods or containers in this case. One is for our RAN and one is for our UE. And using our Ansible playbooks, using this AWX platform, because everything is automated, everything is configured, we can just simply hit launch and it will create it. Let me hit just launch. So, what it's doing, it's going to the server and starting the containers. So, we can come here and verify. Let's refresh the list. Okay. Yeah. So, now we see that we have our SRS UE up. And these are the live logs, which we are getting from the pod or containers. And our goal is to attach this network. You see this network that's successful and we got the IP. This IP is very important because at the end of the day, when we have to connect to the Internet, an end user or mobile in this case needs an IP. So, once that is attached, we can know that we have successfully established a connection between our mobile to the end core. And we can verify this on our NMS dashboard. So, this was our MZ. And I can also show you how we are sure this is our MZ. Because at the deployment point, if we go to our host, we can just... So, when we ran the test, we actually pre-configured the parameters. So, these parameters are K, which is K, OPC and MZ. These are our things which are already embedded in our SIM cards. And these are the actual values which we have given to this virtual SIM card, you can say. Now, what we can do, we can just simply copy our SIM card and verify on our dashboard. And let's see first for the events. Okay. We have just got an event. And we see, okay, a connection request was made from the UE side. And our access gateway assigned it an IP, IP of 122.18, which we also saw on the end user UE was looking at this IP. Yeah. So, here is the IP. And we have the IP. We can also verify this on the NMS dashboard page. And let's say this is, we went to a specific subscriber and we saw this IP. If we have one or multiple access gateway, we can just go there and search for the logs. Okay. So, we can, we see here, we have a lot of logs. So, we can just enter this. Yeah. So, you will see that just for a SIM card attached, there were a lot of logs created, such as authorization, request, and attach request, and attach to which access gateway. Because even if we have multiple access gateways, subscriber list will remain the same. And that subscriber can connect to any of our access gateway that's in the range. And if our, this access gateway, this particular access gateway is used for connecting our, this particular SIM card, we can verify. And this is how we know that this user is in this area. Okay. And, yeah. And we can also verify these things because this is from an NMS dashboard. Let's say we have some end user application or some third party application that wants to control all this. They want to give what the data we all are consuming, how many gigabytes or megabytes or whatever is user is consuming, uploading and downloading. We want to manage all that. So, it's a very easy way if we start using the API because with the API, everything is exposed. Once we give API access, so everyone can manage this entire network if we want to connect our existing platform to the third party. Let's say if you want to get subscribers, tracing call, or let's say LTE functions. So, we have a very long list and very variety of subscribers, sorry, API functions that we can call. And we can just integrate this very easily with other platforms. And once this was attached test, if we want to do the detached test, we can just simply detach it. And that is by just a second. Templates. Okay. Here it is. So, this will just detach all of these SIM cards from the network. So, when we are, because this is a third party network, not something like AT&T, so we have to configure an APN that is very important when we are using these SIM cards because right now we have data. And for using this data, we have to configure an APN both on our dashboard side and on the UE side also. Yes. So, this APN is very important. When we are setting up a new network, we have to add subscribers in a specific APN. APN will help us limit the usage of a user. We can set, okay, this user should be only able to use our data until certain limit. It can be 1MB, 2MB, or 1GB, whatever you want. So, by default, we have kept it just 1MB. But yeah, you can increase it. I think maximum we have tested this with 4G, that is 400MB. And with 5G, we are taking to the next level, but that is still in alpha stage. We are rapidly developing our code and its functionality. All the 5G code is currently in our master branch. And here is our repo. So, we have more than 10,000 commits. And we have more than around 200 plus contributors. This is a very active project. We do a lot of commits every single day. And 5G is very soon to be released. The stable version, we plan to release it this year. And community is growing very rapidly. And if you want, you can come join us, help us build and take this 5G core or NG core to the next level. And yes, so you can join our community. We are very active on Slack. We do all the calls are open, our TSC call, engineering call, all the calls is open. All the communication is open. Everything is on Slack. And initially, Facebook founded this project. Now it is donated to Linux foundation. Linux foundation is controlling this entire project. We are also collaborating with big companies such as open infrastructure foundation, red hat, canonical and ARM. And there are a lot more companies who have just started using this in production. And yeah, you can come and help us build this and take it to the next level. Thank you. Any questions? Yes? Yes. So, we have actually tested this with many production systems. And you don't have to worry about the latency. I'm specifically talking about in the 4G. So it's very quick to connect and you don't get any downtime. Many in rural areas, we have around more than 10,000 subscribers who are actively using this network day and night in Africa and in Saudi Arabia and all of others, rural area network. Because actual core is very expensive. So this open core solution is very actively used. Does this answer your question? Okay. Any more questions? Yes? Yeah. Sorry, can you repeat that? Okay. So when one user wants to, so your question is if one user wants to move from one area to another area, between one access gateway to another access gateway. Yes. So there is a handover functionality. If one user is moving from one area to another area, so that handover will happen. And if that we have, okay, let's say one access gateway is here and one access gateway is here. And we are moving. So handover will happen and it will communicate to the orchestrator that this user is moving and that access gateway will automatically pick it up and give it a handover to that access gateway. Yeah. Any more questions? Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. You can use it. But recently the Wi-Fi access gateway is not supported or you can say maintained at the stage. But yeah, in the past, we have been actively working on the Wi-Fi. But yeah, there were not much production deployment. So we stopped maintaining it. But the code that we have is stable. But yeah, we have not doing much maintenance on that, if that answers your question. Yeah. Okay. So Wi-Fi actually is still part of the magma. But actually it depends on if companies are using this in production, then we will continue to maintain it. And if there are no actual production use cases, then yeah, we don't know if we will continue with this or not. Right now the highest demand is for 5G. That's why a lot of companies are coming in and building the 5G features and specifically for what they need. And also the OCS, HSS and all these features are a requirement if we go to the production and we start charging our customers. And the companies who are actually using it and selling their services are coming in and building these features. So we plan to include all these features inside magma only. So you can get all of these out of the box. And yeah, roaming is very important. So we are working on that area using Federation Gateway. You can use magma's network, but you can also leverage other network services such as AT&T or T-Mobile. Yeah. So yes. Any more questions? I think that's it. Thank you, everyone.


So you might have heard about this malware called Baulix, that uses the registry not only to persist but also to write this malicious code so it's not stored on the disk but inside the registry. And it does this by leveraging RunDLL32 with JavaScript. So it was interesting to find tools that could automate the scan of the registry for something like that with Java but I found no such tools. So I wrote a quick application, a demo application that does this. So this is my simple Java rule. I look for RunDLL32.exe and JavaScript, those two strings. And this is my registry scanner that takes this rule and scans through the registry. Okay, so the YARA rule here Baulix RunDLL32.exe JavaScript triggered on the key in the current user hive for key test with test value. You can see here RunDLL32 JavaScript and Baulix like code. Now another thing here in registry. You can see that I have this key here. Another thing that I added is the following. If I create a new key and I use a non ASCII character like here E with an accent then my scanner will also pick this up. Okay, so here you see a valid character. That's because this key here contains a non ASCII or not printable key.


This is Witchbase News for Friday the 19th of January 2024, I'm CMDR Buur. In Elite Dangerous News this week, a new guide YouTuber surfaces for Elite Dangerous, Frontier report back to the stock market and a duo of Guardian based community goals promises to drive the narrative forward. You know how this bit goes, please like, subscribe and ding that little bell so that YouTube shows you all our content and if you'd like to directly help our work here at the burp it you can also support us through Patreon, links to that and everything else are in the description below. Two new guide videos for Elite Dangerous have surfaced in the last couple of weeks, one covering the basics of pirating in Elite and the other covering everything you need to know to get started with laser mining in the game. Both guides are from CMDR Ditturi and are concise, extremely well presented, easy to follow and contain linked ship builds for both disciplines that don't require engineering. They are also chaptered on YouTube so that you can easily skip through the video to the specific bit you're interested in. You'll find CMDR Ditturi's two latest guides linked below so that you can check them out and while you're there be sure to subscribe so that you catch any future Elite Dangerous guides that are created. As we reported on last week's show, Frontier Developments released their financial interim results to the stock exchange and investors this week. The report as was expected focused mainly on the company's return and refocus on CMS titles going forward for the next three years, the downgrade in revenues due to poor performance by Realms of Ruin and Formula One Manager 23 and the company restructure to deliver 20% lower operating costs. They also touched on all their current releases during the last half of the financial reporting year taking us up to December 2023. Elite wasn't mentioned in any detail this time around which although disappointing was also not surprising in some ways. The obligation of these financial reports is to help investors see the inner workings on how a company is currently trading, showing progress and noting any major updates that have taken place or are coming. They're specifically not designed to report on impending alien attacks or the movements of made up internet spaceships. The company did again reiterate they would continue to quote support and nurture its existing portfolio unquote which is where Elite is now positioned and although this was a slight wording change from their last report the quote support and nurture unquote wording specifically has always been a core ethos of frontier so it doesn't itself necessarily signify any particular change in regards to Elite Dangerous. Charts included with the report confirm again that Elite is still a steady earner for the company. Of note in the shareholder presentation was phase one of the restructuring that has already taken place which was mostly non-development staff. These two of the company's thinning out is not yet complete and that phase apparently encompasses more of what we would call more traditional development staff that is due to be completed in the next month. Very sadly while we were going to press Tom Cool one of the key forward facing developers on Elite announced that today is his last day at the company. His tweet goes on to say that his last efforts on Elite Dangerous are helping to create one of the coolest things they have ever done in the game and will apparently see that work in update 18. Suffice to say we are absolutely gutted to see Tom go, he's been nothing short of a bright light for the community, unironically Tom is also incredibly tall. Rene myself and everyone here at the pit wish you all the good fortune you deserve in your next adventure Tom, it's been a pleasure and we will miss your presence in the community greatly. As we've mentioned the staffing review process is still ongoing at Fdev and that is quite understandably likely at the core of the current radio silence from the community team at the company. It is of course a little frustrating in the meantime for the community to only have financial reports to pick apart looking for any clues on the future for Elite Dangerous. All we can recommend right now is to sit tight, be quietly confident that our game isn't going anywhere while we wait to hear from official channels. As soon as we hear anything we will of course report it right here. With the Thursday Thargs Day tick this week came two new community goals instigated after an announcement from Aegis by Professor Albert Tesro. In the announcement Professor Tesro who is the head of Aegis states that Bicycle Proficiency Gold Star awardee and three times 100 meter swimming-bronze medal winner Citizen Ramtar has presented a theory to the Zeno Research and Defense Agency that pertains to the persistent problem of the Thargoid Titan mother ships positioned on the fringes of human space. The Titan mother ships are the source of the seemingly endless waves of Thargoid assault vessels that have been pounding the southern edge of the bubble for over a year now and for the moment at least the Titans appear to be completely immovable. We don't know the precise nature of Citizen Ramtar's presentation to Aegis as for the moment at least it has been deemed classified however following that presentation Aegis has asked for huge quantities of both Guardian Relics and Unclassified Relics to be shipped to the Limpit and Defense Systems engineering installation in the mean system. For the uninitiated Guardian Relics specifically are the blue glowing triangular thingies that are ejected after shooting the top of the relic towers that emerge from the ground as you approach their positions at Guardian Ruins. Unclassified Relics more commonly referred to in the community as Grelics are tainted by Thargoidy glowingness as a result of inserting Guardian Relics into the Thargoid mechanisms at the heart of Thargoid surface installations. The community goal is promising development for prototypes of a potential weapon system upon the goal's completion and as an added incentive both sides of the community goals Relic and Grelic are offering some very smart Guardian themed ship paint jobs to the top 75% of contributors. If you're looking to get involved in the community goal then the exploration tool SRV Survey that we featured a couple of weeks back on this very show contains a very handy tool for locating the nearest Guardian site to your location as well as providing maps detailing where the Relic towers can be found. That show is linked on screen now if you've not seen it. The appearance of these CG's would seem to indicate that there is something more that can be done about the Titans specifically. What their destruction or at the very least removal would mean for the bubble and the gameplay loops that have been established in the game as a result of the war's arrival we can only speculate on. It's not outside the realms of possibility but it does seem extremely unlikely at least that Frontier would simply destroy the Titans bring an end to the war and remove all the dev work from the game never to be seen again. We are left wondering then if the Titans were dealt with in some regard how would the established Thargoid back and forth gameplay evolve and just what would it morph into as a result. The community goals run until Thursday next week unless they're topped out before then. Will you be following Commander Ditturi's guides? Are you participating in this week's community goals and just what do you think Ram-Tar has planned for the Titans? Let us know in the comments below. That's it for now thanks very much for watching we'll be back later this week with more videos until then 07 commanders follow the greens on the way out and do keep clear of the toast rack we very much look forward to seeing you next time.


Warmest greetings to all. I'm Xiao Ting from IED. It has been a great pleasure working with so many amazing partners to bring nature into the DNC Day discussions. A thriving natural environment is fundamental for human resilience. For example, these help pollinate crops. Trees on farm help improve water and nutrient retention. Birds help control pests and earthworms help improve the fertility of soil. All these are essential ecosystem services provided by nature for resilient agriculture systems. Green roofs and gardens in cities and forested areas around urban watersheds can provide cooling relief for everwarming cities. They can also provide more reliable food sources and clean water supplies. Forests on mountain slopes can reduce damage caused by avalanches and the risk of landslides. And mangroves can protect communities from storm surges, help reduce the risk of natural disasters. In addition to helping us adapt to climate change, nature can also help capture carbon and bring development benefits. For the poor and the most vulnerable communities, working with nature is often the most cost-effective and sometimes the only affordable way to adapt to climate change. But biodiversity continue to decline at an alarming rate in every region of the world. We urgently need to channel more funds and create more incentives for nature-based approach and support vulnerable communities who are heavily dependent on natural resources. Working with nature to build resilience is interlinked with all the other themes at DNC days and touch upon every topic you will be discussing today. Your discussion on this theme are also very timely, as more and more governments and companies, including many at this COP, are recognizing the importance of finding integrated solutions to the interlinked crisis of climate change and biodiversity loss. We hope everyone at DNC days can take this excellent opportunity to share experiences of working with nature, including best practices and lessons learned. We hope the discussions today can inspire future collaborations to scale up nature-based solutions for a shared more resilient future. Lastly, I'm very sorry that I won't be able to attend in person, but we are very excited that many participants today are local champions of nature-based solutions and can bring their wealth of experience into the discussions. We wish you a fruitful day of interactions and inspirations.


Tomonori Matsuzawa, a student of Nagoya University. Today, I would like to present the topic of the urban beekeeping, which is closely related to urban forest environment. I will also cover the trade-off in ecosystem services provided by urban beekeeping. This is a table of contents. As you are well-known pollinators, including honeybees, are of the benefit to us humans. According to the Yippu best report, 90% of flowering plants and more than three quarters of our food supply is dependent on pollinators. With the increase in the food production, the value of pollinators is gaining sirens. However, the pollinators are currently under pressure and the streets. It is believed that the maintaining and the promoting the health of pollinators have to ensure our food security as reported by IUCN. Urban beekeeping is now being practiced on the roof of the Opera House in Paris and the White House in Washington and many other places. We found urban beekeeping practice in at least 45 countries. In some cases and in some cities, registration was revised to realize beekeeping. This city includes New York and Los Angeles. Urban beekeeping is not just producing honey, it's also building a community and providing environmental education. This is one of the unique feature of urban beekeeping that triggers collaborative work among the diverse stakeholders. Pollinators are essential for us, but in contrast, some researchers point out that urban environment has a vital role for pollinators. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives or ICLEI point out the importance of the urban environment for many insect pollinators. I'm also the practice beekeeping in both urban and suburban areas. I found that the urban beekeeping has advantages to the suburban one in the risk of pesticide and the year-round supply for nectar flowers. Urban beekeeping has been uncritically welcomed worldwide because of its many positive aspects. However, in recent year, several researchers have revealed the negative aspects. The first is inter-specific competition. Introduced honey bee and the native pollinators can compete for the limited resources. In Asia region, the negative effect might be more significant because of the existence of the same genus honey bees. The second is genetic pollution. Introduced honey bees may contaminate the native subspecies in genetic level. The third is parasite and infectious disease. Barrow mite is the most serious parasite, but it is thought to have been transmitted from eastern honey bee to western honey bee. Parasite and infectious disease can also be transferred between wild and domestic species. The fourth is decrease in the yield per hive by existence of environmental carrying capacity. The last one is a nuisance to city joy or a safety issue. In addition to stinging, droppings and the noise might be considered a nuisance. This is our research framework. The first, we used EDNA analysis to reveal the relationship between urban forest and honey bee. Environmental DNA or EDNA analysis is the one of the most powerful skill. We have applied this technique to honey. Honey contain DNA from nectar and pollen collected by honey bees. So by analyzing the DNA in honey, we can estimate the resource plant. We conducted EDNA meta-baccording method for two sample collected in central Tokyo and Osaka. Next, we overview the current state of governance regarding urban beekeeping. We used an internet search engine for other words, urban beekeeping, regulation, the guideline or other words in English. Total of eight country were covered, including Japan, in addition to seven countries shown in the slide for which legal information in English was easily available. Let's move on to the result. This two table show you the list of plant that honey bee visited. This list is arranged in order of the amount of DNA or leads. The higher up the list, the more DNA it's contained. The green hatch indicated three species. In Tokyo, 10 of the top 20 species and in Osaka, five of the top 70 species were trees. This result shows the potential of honey bees to contribute of urban forest conservation. This table show whether the government have the regulations. In five countries, it exists. And in three countries, it does not exist or could not be found. We know urban beekeeping is conducting in all these countries. This indicates some countries in doing beekeeping without any rules. Also, even in country on the left, there are some area where rules does not exist. As I have explained it, there are positive and negative aspects in urban beekeeping. This mean, in other words, there are trade-off in ecosystem services. If we try to increase the ecosystem services on the left side of the balance, the ecosystem service of the right side may decrease. In order to promote the urban beekeeping movement properly, it is necessary to have governance to minimize the negative aspect and to maximize the positive one. In short, I believe that the rules are needed. Now, let us summarize the main point. Urban beekeeping and urban trees have a significant relationship each other. Urban beekeeping has a beneficial and a negative aspect. There is a trade-off between ecosystem services. Governance is important for the proper promotion for urban beekeeping. Currently, we are working on the following research topics. The first one is to understand the status of urban beekeeping governance. Secondly, in order to promote appropriate urban beekeeping, it is necessary to develop the balanced rule based on trade-off in ecosystem services. Finally, a need for scientific evidence. Nowadays, EVPM or evidence-based policymaking is becoming more and more important. We are interested in whether or not there is scientific basis for urban beekeeping rules. Stay tuned for our next study to be published soon. Thank you for your attention.


Welcome to this webinar. My name is Catherine Meenan and I'm chair of the Germany group. And it's a great pleasure for us today to be joined by Catherine Glover Ashbrook, who's the director and CEO of the German Council on Foreign Relations. And she's, she's very under a lot of pressure at the moment in the process of moving from from the States to Berlin, but she has very generously agreed to speak to us today. Just on the housekeeping, she'll talk for about 20 minutes and then we move into discussion. Both her talk and the question and answer with the audience will be on the record. You'll be able to join the discussion using question and answer function on zoom, which as everybody knows by now you will be on your screen. Please send in your questions throughout the event, and please identify yourself and your affiliation if there is one. Please join in on Twitter to with the hashtag. So we're very happy to have Catherine here today. She's director and CEO of the German Council on Foreign Relations. For over a decade, she served as executive director of the future of diplomacy project at the Harvard Kennedy School. And before that she was a member of the management board of the European Policy Center and worked as a consultant and senior journalist and Roland Berger strategy consultants, having begun her career as a TV journalist at CNN International. So Catherine we're looking forward to this very much and the floor is yours. Thank you Catherine it is such a pleasure to be with you even virtually in Dublin. I was just saying in our earlier green room conversation how much I would prefer to be frankly with you physically in Dublin and having this conversation on what I consider sacred ground in Ireland, where I had a very formative time of my own use so thank you to the Institute of International and European Affairs, thank you to you Catherine to Michael Collins to Emily Benchy for putting this entire seven aren't together and I really look forward to this conversation. So as Catherine mentioned it's true I've been not only leading a transatlantic life in my own sort of genetic makeup and the product of a transatlantic marriage but more recently I am moving myself my family my career back to Germany. It's been over 13 years and in so doing. I did something that many of us might do you stop off at your parental homestead, which to many a political scientist becomes the storage and repository of your many intellectual papers. And in that process I found what clearly in 1997 I found to be a prized possession. It was an issue of Foreign Affairs magazine published by the Council on Foreign Relations in New York with the grand title right on the cover life after call will always be published in Germany. And I bring this up because I of course thumbed this issue because we are again at an inflection point in German contemporary history. When this article was published in 1997 we assume that Helmut Cole would be the longest serving Chancellor in German history. As sort of recent history shows us because the Chancellor remains in place in situ until a new government is formed and as we know about German coalition agreements they take a while to come into fruition. It is more likely that Angela Merkel will end up outlasting politically, the man who was her mentor who brought her into politics but then who she. I'm going to talk about this probably in honest terms in almost a Judean Judas kind of coup sort of laid bare in front of his party in the in the later 90s so an interesting political dynamic there, but I thought it might be interesting to begin with the comparison of these two leaders because I do think that it says something about the political and foreign policy DNA of my native country and I think it says something or it helps us understand what we might expect as we move into what I think would be a new era in German foreign policy, because as much as the both of these figures symbolize a certain stability of the German political class nobody stays around for 16 plus years. If that is not something that a country desires and a constitutional system allows. We're not a hallmark of something deeper within how a country positions itself thinks of itself in the world. And yet I don't have to tell you at the IE a how much the world has changed, not least over this past decade, the rapid catalyzing effects of how global competition plays out over the shores of Europe, how critical issues of transnational challenges frankly impact the way that we view the blurring of lines between domestic and foreign policy. And then the question becomes is this country is Germany with its desire to feel that sort of stability that couching that protection adequately prepared for what the Munich security call a Munich security conference has referred to as a very exciting vendor, a fundamental time of change. They called helmet Cole, the his eternality. And when you look at Angela Merkel and what she has been able to achieve. And again, I don't need to remind you she was seen as certainly during these last four fraud years for the transatlantic relationship. The leader, the undeniable leader of the West was she seen as such because of the policies that she put forward and the strength of line that she held respected to Western values. Yes, certainly up to a point, but also again because of her longevity, and because of her consistency, frankly, she was seen, she's seen, you know, by by Forbes magazine as the most influential most powerful person in the world. The leader of the free world was sort of a moniker that she never fully embraced. But where does it leave the country at this very moment. It's an interesting time to think of also the domestic policy context in relation to foreign policy what brought down, ultimately or what weakened the legacy of helmet Cole were a number of internal challenges economic challenges that the country had not tackled for years that he had sort of kept steadily under the rug. We know in Germany that although it has prospered enormously since the critical moment of the financial crisis in 2008. And again, it is, you know, among the lead export nations in the world we know that Germany sees itself as the export champion of the world but with us, the United States and China it is among the biggest trading powers individual trading powers to say nothing of the power that the European Union brings to the trading to the global trading floor. It has been able to profit enormously. Unlike almost any other country in the world of its sort of middle power standing from that dual security blanket if you will embedded deeply in a multilateralist institutional framing of globalization. And of course by the American security umbrella provided through NATO, and we know the criticism of German attitudes toward particularly and commitment to particularly the sort of the NATO alliance its lack of living up fully to the NATO 2% that was made at the NATO summit in Wales. Now again that's something that has improved over the tenure of Angela Merkel but hasn't improved because of this particular chancellor have attitudes shifted within Europe and within Germany to understand the greater degree to which Europe needs to present itself with a well, some say sovereign but at least distinct voice on the international stage and that's what I would posit as a question. What you have had in these two leaders and have in these two leaders. People who were able to push out sort of descent within own party ranks within the sort of political climate and the party political dynamic, you saw that both with cool, and even more so with Angela Merkel. Her domestic standing and her capacity to retain this sort of unfettered leadership position have been attributed to various personal capacities over the over the years, but she has been rather ruthless at suppressing the opposition within her own country, and conversely, is zirping like few other German politicians certainly of her generation but also historically. Effectively, those points that from the opposition and you'll remember that she has governed in a grand coalition for decades now that have fundamentally weakened and forced into a position of atrophy the other large German people's party in the country which is to say the social democratic party. And yet if you look just at the domestic numbers of what we might see in September. Merkel's legacy is tainted by the outcome of her own policies. If you trust the polling and of course the Germans are very closely monitoring the polling ahead of the September 26 election. We have what I think called the Zontags faga the Sunday question if the election were on Sunday, how would you cast your vote. The Christian Democratic Union has its worst result or brings home its worst result historically in the history of the party hovering somewhere around between 26 and 28% and in 2017 already the last federal election where you'll recall Merkel ran reluctantly in part because President Obama pushed her to as a stalwart figure of the West brought home a result of only 33% and already that said something about her capacity to move this country forward, which is to say her lack, ultimately, of capacity of addressing the deep internal issues that will would make Germany more resilient, a larger and more capable player internationally, and certainly, you know with deeper deeper reaching reforms within the country that are needed, but that she consistently shied away from. So her capacity, and this is again as a continuation of coal is to read a situation, and you see I'm making the Merkel hand gestures comes almost naturally in that moment to sit to wait out a situation to read the political tea leaves. And critical decisions, like the, the decision to open the country to to migrants in 2015, which was interpreted as a large humanitarian gesture that the country ultimately was not ready from, and that begat a number of internal problems in the country of the rise, the drastic and frankly, catalytic rise of the far right party, I don't know TV for Deutschland, think only of the issues that it caused communal financing for cities for a number of other things. Now, did the country ultimately manage in this idea of the shop and that's yes it did. She took polling she read polling strategically, and she felt that this coupled with some of those those sort of basic tenants of her moral conviction were something that she could put forth to the German public. Much like that decision, much like her decisions and her slow decision making in the euro crisis in 2008, and some of the hesitancy now in this covert crisis means that ultimately she can read a situation in the moment, hold the political tension in the moment, but and I think this is something that is critical for Germany going forward does not yet speaks to sort of a lack of strategic foresight culture in the country, the anticipatory capacities of German foreign policy and of German Chancellor's in the past historically and today is in fact actually quite low is just to say the diagnostic capacity to anticipate the knock on effects both within the European Union think again of the dramatic effect that her laggard decision in 2008 had on inter European solidarity on ultimate functionality and recovery think of the speed or rather the slowness of recovery of the Greek and Italian economies were still battling those issues. And look at how she didn't fully and the country didn't fully embrace the kind of structural reforms within the eurozone that would have had to come out of the 2008 financial crisis which means that still now in 2021 we're asking us ourselves can the eurozone survive if, in fact, and this is true of the party political programs, almost across the board as we look towards September, Germany decides to default back to its constitutional mandate to go back to its attitude of savings this almost Christian attitude and conviction around the balance budgets and what the Germans call the Schwarz neul. So what you see in the consistency or what you see is a consistent element between coal and Merkel certainly in their foreign policy line is yes, the long conviction and long ties to German chancellors and historic German chancellors with long serving terms before them which is yes a commitment to the anchoring in the transatlantic relationship, and what Conrad Adenauer termed as best. Yes, their own interpretation of what Billy Brant's auspolitik would mean in a modern context so the positioning of themselves both coal and Merkel, as the main interlocutors toward the key figures in the Soviet Union. And again, in Cole's case, he and Gorbachev of course, critical for the reunification that relationship critical for the reunification of Germany, Merkel, frankly, the only leader capable of holding Putin's feet to the fire but then again, to what is great because Nord Stream two is still very much a project that the Chancellor has guilty to, and that those who are in this governing coalition have guilty to. You might see an ability to address the issues but only at the last minute, and to fail to give to the German people but also to the political elite and idea of long term strategic ideas, political foresight, and sort of anticipatory action. You might ask if that's part and parcel of European or of German political DNA. I don't think so. I think in that sense you have had the German people have been fought or insufficiently served by their political leadership to look at the critical challenges that are coming at Germany in the next few years and I mean what are they, we obviously are looking very closely at the electoral calendar not only in Germany but in France France, you have an embattled president in Emmanuel Macron who put forth, frankly, quite provocative ideas on the future of Europe think only at his speech in Aachen and in other places to say look we need to rethink the European project from the ground up. Was he met by the Chancellor in the sort of classical European tandem structure. No, he was not for that the Chancellor is far too cautious, and she is far too tied by the purse strings that are dictate if you will, of the German economic model. Look at China. She said she avowed, of course that Germany would take a harder stance on human rights issues on Hong Kong on Xinjiang. And yet at the tail end of the German presidency of the German of the European Council. It was it was Angela Merkel who took the lead and bringing home the Chinese investment agreement, which is now so embattled frankly rightly for all of the not only the fine print in the latter parts of the intellectual control agreements that the Chinese snuck into this deal, but also in their functionality and what it might do to the integrity of the European economic system and model. At Russia, she was willing and able to push the Ukraine format through earth push issues on Ukraine through the Normandy format in a way and you remember visually how she led the the the delegation the negotiation delegation out of that initial negotiation room around Minsk one and yet the situation in Ukraine continues to be just as dire if not more so in the sort of prolonged frozen conflict that Russia uses for its strategic and tactical. So there are a number of key issues and I already mentioned the Eurozone. If France goes another way, if we have a French election that either weakens the political situation of Emmanuel Macron such that it binds him in to in action and political inability in France, then what of the partnership that has so long driven the future of the European Union. If, in fact, as the party political programs map out Germany insists on by 2023 rolling back some of the innovative financial capacities embedded in the European reform and rescue package among COVID what does that do to again the internal solidarity, the integrity and functionality and frankly the innovative capacities that European Union needs, and that the American president called for in his four day summit tree here in in on the continental in continental Europe and in the UK. What happens of you know what what can what might happen to German industry going forward if it's two three of its key industries are so bound in fact, codependent on the Chinese economy. What does that say about the robustness of the German economic model, when in fact you know if you take things like machine building still a key industry within the German economic context. The Chinese overtake German capacities very quickly is in fact German economy is in fact the economic system prepared to accept the blow that China could very easily deal to what is still now a codependent relationship. China is a very marked danger for what Angela Merkel what helmet coal and what traditional conservative German chancellors have tried to protect, which is to say, insulate the country from these global shocks I think that is no more. The shocks could come quickly and they could come a pace, frankly over the next roughly five years. And this is where I, I'll get to my concluding points because we can talk about details in a second, where I'm concerned when I read the party political programs of the leading candidates and parties in the race for this election on September 26. Largely grandest failure, frankly, is her inability to cultivate mentor and bring along a successor, not only in her model but someone who is frankly able to see the challenges that Germany faces and transmit those in a functional responsible way to the population. The party, the CDU, the conservatives, and the Christian Socialist Union, their sister party did themselves no favors toward the latter part of the pandemic, when it came to the real. When the rubber hit the road as we say or the syringes had to hit the arms in the execution of, of the immunization campaign, but also a number of grift scandals within the party exposed the fact that this stalwart protectiveness around the party and around German political and economic function had led to, well, frankly, greedy overreach and we can talk about that scandal and the impact it had on the party. You then had very public infighting between the two candidates running to succeed her after over the past years, either people had vacated the possibility of that slot think of a KK and a group come come on the current Minister of Defense had pulled back because of their well fear frankly of that kind of responsibility, or had been taken out of the running by Merkel's cunning work within the party. And then on the other hand, you don't have sufficiently an opposition least not in the traditional sense, because of course this grand coalition has ruled for frankly far too long, where a discernible or strong opposition policy line is visible. And that leads us to very quickly, the role of the Green Party, who might very well be the kingmaker in the selection in September, and where in fact I do see a number of new impulses coming out because there is a much stronger line coming out of the Green Party and their young candidate Annalena Baerbock, who is 40 years old and frankly embattled in what my, in British politics we would just term as a, frankly, a smear campaign, a sequential smear campaign by other components of the political system which shows the degree to which sort of the more stalwart, stolid partners or parties in the German political system see a new approach as a danger to the status quo when in fact, and I'll say this again the status quo in German politics, no longer and can no longer exist in terms of the demands upon the country, moving into this next decade. She has made clear that her party is willing and able, well, committed to taking a new stance on Russia on China, and finding more compatible ways of concretely working and financially investing in a transatlantic relationship and in a different form of military and capacity building components within NATO, and that is truly something to watch because that will give that will offer up some friction in the coalition negotiations which will likely if you again believe the polling that we're looking at now take place between the Green Party and the Christian Democratic Christian Socialist Union come September 27. And so there are new impulses in German foreign policy there are, there is some new thinking. The question is, whether or not the strength of the German DNA, its inability to think strategically in a more nimble four sided way to bring along the domestic political dialogue will hamper the kind of quick progress that Germany truly needs, because and I say this to all of my fellow German citizens, not only does Europe need Germany's intellectual strategic foreign political foresight, but it also needs its financial capacity strength and commitment. And if you think back to the Munich Security Conference of 2014 where German lead politicians formulated what was the call that dubbed the Munich consensus, which is that Germany needed a new, a rethought process of German international responsibility. That is what I think of that is what we think of at the German Council on Foreign Relations, when it comes to German foreign policy responsibility. It's both the ability to set a strategic tone to know what tactics are usable in tandem with the United States, and looking very critically into the world and using tactic strengths that Germany has in its ability to sequence its diplomacy and force the hand of others because let's remember negotiation is getting the other side to have it your way, which Germany is capable of doing, and then frankly paying for it, because the moment is too critical. It's too pertinent, and it's too ripe for Germany to consider to do to consider moving on the way that it has under or had under these two long serving conservative chancellors, which is solid middle ground, immovable and stable stability is no more changes everywhere changes now. And so it's an exciting time to watch German politics I really look forward to your questions we can lean into any of the specific ideas party you have this Merkel's legacy, whatever is on your mind. I'm here for you, but thank you for being here, and thank you for paying attention to what will be an exciting a challenging and a demanding time for German foreign policy.


Hello everyone, good morning, good afternoon, and a good evening. Thanks for attending my topic today. Today, my topic is about Cutter Container Performance Evaluation and Optimization of ARM64. My name is Justin He. I mainly focus on the container virtualization technology of ARM64. Here is today's agenda. Firstly, I will give you a brief introduction about what is Cutter Container. Then I will give you the status update of ARM64. That is what we have done so far. Then I will go through the performance evaluation from several aspects. At last, I will introduce the two simple user stories in real cases. If you have used the dot container, maybe you have thought about the question, how to make the container more secure? You can drop some Linux capabilities such as you can mount the root FS with read only mode. You can use SE Linux and APP Armor to protect the container. Also, you can use the sitcom to allow or disallow some system calls but the more you add, the sick mid layer will be and you will get more performance over head. Actually, the Cutter Container is a combination or trade-off between the virtual machine and the container. It is compatible with OCI runtime spec. Therefore, it works seamlessly with the dock engine. Besides, it also supports the Kubernetes and CII through the CIO and the container D. In other words, you can choose to select between the round C and the Cutter Container. This is the Cutter Container's architecture design flow chart. The Cutter Agent is a process running in the guest as a supervisor for managing the containers and the process running those containers. The Cutter Process offers access to the VM Cutter Agent to both Cutter Stream and Cutter Runtime. Its main role is to root all the IO streams and the signals. It connects to the Cutter Agent on a UNIX domain socket, i.e. VSOC. Cutter Process uses earmarks to multiplex GIPC connections on its connection. The stream process runs in the host environment handling standard IO and the signals on behalf of Container's process, which is inside guest. But after the Cutter Container 2.0, some parts of this flow chart will be changed a little bit. So this is what the new items in Cutter 2.0 for example, CII, I-container D, Sheen V2 it reduces many parts of the architecture design flow chart. It uses Rust Agent to replace the Golang Agent. It uses the TTRPC as a tiny GIPC implantation to replace the original GIPC library. It uses VSOC to replace the virtual IO serial and by default the cloud hypervisor will replace the 2-mil hypervisor. It also supports the guest C-group V2 and what's the status of Cutter Container on ARM64. Totally speaking, it can be wrong smoothly on ARM64. You can install the Cutter Container on ARM64 by two ways. First way is to snap install and secondly, you can execute it from the source code. To run the Cutter Container, you can use the CTR command line. Here is the examples. You can use the CTR image pool to pool the container image and run the simple application on the CTR ROM. Also, you can run the Cutter Container on a Raspberry Pi 4 platform with minor changes. Here is the future comparison result between ARM64 and the X86. As for the hypervisor support X86 supports Q-Mune, Firecracker, Cloud Hypervisor and ACROM. But ACROM is not supported on ARM64. The Cutter Container will let the hypervisor to create a medium device and then mounted as the guest RouterFace. It can speed up the boot time and share the guest RouterFace. And the RouterFace feature is used in the container RouterFace which I will introduce in later slides. The characteristic mark for the ARM64 Q-Mune here is the upstream Q-Mune has supported this feature but we also need some time to introduce it on ARM64 for Cutter Container. Next, the VM template is a useful technology to speed up the boot time and this feature is supported on both and also the raster agent is supported on both. The memory hard plug, the upstream has supported on ARM64 but we will introduce it in the future. The VM VCPU hard plug, someone had posted a patch series to support it in both Q-Mune and kernel community but it hasn't got merged yet. For the next KVM feature ARM64 KVM the community has discussed one big series and after that after the community merged them we can introduce it on ARM64 for Cutter Container. The virtual database is a shared file system that virtual machine access a directory tree on the host. Unlike the existing approaches, it is designed to offer local file system semantics and performance and the low level of the virtual FS is a fuse implementation. The fuse protocol is not based on the network protocol. It means a faster performance and better projects semantics capabilities. There is a independent virtual FS demo process more secure and needn't maintain the device mapper and there is a DEX mode with this DEX mode enabled the host and the guest can share the memory and improve the performance and you can also bypass the guest page cache, avoid the unnecessary VM exit and the back end is in user space which is convenient for the user to further tune. But we once observed that the virtual FS will increase the system level memory footprint because it uses additional shared pages which allows the KSM to merge the pages. The internal tests showed that it will significantly improve the file system performance in Cata compared with the virtual IO 9p. For this chart we use the file read-write test and the data improves increase about 10 to 20 times in different cases. This is what we have done for the functional features development and firstly we enabled runtime and Rust agent on ARM64 and we maintained the CI test subsystem and we enabled Firecracker and even the cloud type weather on ARM64 especially cloud type weather is another independent repo we enabled the 12.5.1 from scratch on ARM64. We also finished the Kubernetes integration test with Cata container. There is a to-do list in the future for us to do such as the memory and the important next state of visualization. So to summarize the performance comparison between different architectures we choose some important aspects such as the full time, the binary code size, and the memory footprint. Here is the hardware or software setup info, the host, the guest, the QMU and the Cata version. This is the evaluation for full time. I once started run a simple container application and entered the and exit at once for 100 times and then calculate the average data for full time. The X axis is the full time difference to the starting point. The Y axis is the millisecond time unit. We observed that the most gap is between the VM started and the agent started, i.e. the kernel boot time and the QMU boot time. And the boot time might be a little different between different configuration. The total boot time of the guest kernel is not so long, but we still found something to optimize. We reduced the kernel boot time from maybe 117 milliseconds to 81 milliseconds. Another tunable is the CCD service, but given that most of the distra enable CCD, we didn't remove the CCD as Ipile did. From this chart we concluded that the boot time gap on ARM64 compared with X86 is not the guest kernel boot time. This is the tuning items and for example disable the PMU initialization if the user doesn't want to use it. And by default the SCSI scan mode is the synchronization mode we can set it to now. And also by default ARM64 will create about 32 VM, virtual IO, MMIO devices even the user doesn't use it. We can disable it by default in the kernel configuration. There is another way to speed up the boot time. It is more aggressive that is the VM template. The VM template is a new feature that enables the new VM creation using a cloning technique. When it is enabled the new virtual machine is created by cloning from a pre-created template and they will share the same initial RAMFS kernel and agent memory in read-only mode just like a process fork. It is expected that CUMUL doesn't write anything to the guest RAM until the virtual machine starts. But it does in ARM64 CUMUL. So there is very exception on ARM64 when we enable the VM template feature. Actually the room block DTP will be filled into RAM during the room reset. In the coming case the room filling seems to be not required since all the data have been stored in memory backend already. So we bypass that process and make the VM template enabled on ARM64. This is the binary size performance comparison. Cata will start a guest who is limited memory or CPU resource. Hence reducing the binary size is a tuning aspect. From this chart we reduce binary size for Cata binary about 20 to 30% We also tuned the VMM currently only the CUMUL by customizing the configuration by stripping the binary size. The binary size was reduced by about 20% with configuration tuning. We can cut off all the unnecessary device creation and by stripping we can reduce more 60% for the code size. This is the memory footprint for the performance comparison. You can see from this chart the possible reason why the virtual memory footprint of CUMUL on ARM64 is bigger than that on x86 is the firmware devices creation. There are two P-Fresh devices takes about 128 megabytes. It will be created unconditionally. The resident memory a physical memory of ARM64 the CUMUL footprint is as much as or even better than on x86. So this is the comparison result. This is the resident memory summary for the size comparison for the go agent and cut go runtime process. The size of two architecture is close or even the same. This is the network input. The BBR and Cubic are different congestion algorithm. These are two TCP these two different congestion algorithm for the TCP in kernel. This shows BBR as the default but from the test result shows that at least in the local in the local lab environment the BBR has lower performance than the Cubic. Here is the test result the algorithm we increased the throughput from almost nearly 11 gigabytes to 15 gigabytes. This is the performance to the items what we have done. Enable the VM template which I have FSDECTS and the persistent memory support and we changed the algorithm from BBR to Cubic. Finally I will introduce the two user cases Baidu is a dominant Chinese search engine operator. In its AI cloud Baidu AI cloud is a complex network with huge amounts of traffic and complicated deployment scenarios. The peak traffic is about 1 billion page views per day and 50,000 containers for a single tenant. Baidu chose to use CUT containers after doing extensive research on secure container technologies and determined that CUT containers is a highly secure and practical container technology. Besides as one of the important founders and the maintenance Alibaba uses CUT containers in its ECS bare mental instance plus Kubernetes as serverless infrastructure. So that's all for today's presentation Is there any questions?


Hello and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question that says, find equation of the line through the 0.02 making an angle 2 pi upon 3 with the positive x axis also find the equation of line parallel to it and crossing the y axis at a distance of 2 units below the origin. So first let us learn the equation of a line passing through a given point suppose the given point is x1, y1 having slope m is given by y minus y1 is equal to m times of x minus x1 where x, y is any general point on the line. So with the help of this idea we are going to solve the above problem. So this is our key idea. Let us now start with the solution. Now here we are given the point 0.02 through which the line passes and also we are given that the line makes an angle of 2 pi upon 3 with the positive x axis. So the slope tan theta where theta is 2 pi upon 3 which is the angle made by the line with the positive x axis so we have tan 2 pi upon 3. Let us denote the slope by m. Now tan 2 pi upon 3 is tan pi minus pi upon 3 which is equal to tan pi upon 3 with a negative sign which is further equal to tan pi upon 3 is root 3 with a negative sign. Therefore slope m is equal to minus root 3. Now by a key idea we know that equation of a line passing through the point 0.02 with slope minus root 3 is given by y minus 2 is equal to minus root 3 into x minus 0. That is root 3 x plus y minus 2 is equal to 0. So this is the required equation of a line. Let this be equation number 1. Now the question further says also find the equation of a line parallel to it and crossing the y axis at a distance of 2 units below the origin. So 2 units below the origin is this point and it is denoted by 0 minus 2. So we have to find the equation of a line which passes through a point 0 minus 2 and its slope is equal to the slope of the line which passes through the point 0.02 and makes an angle of 2 pi upon 3 and therefore we can say that equation of the line passing through the point 0 minus 2 having slope minus root 3 which is the slope of the given line which passes through 0 to parallel to line 1 is given by y minus of minus 2 is equal to slope which is minus root 3 into x minus 0. So further that y plus 2 is equal to minus root 3 into x or root 3 x plus y plus 2 is equal to 0. So this is the second equation of the required line. Hence our answer is equation of the line which passes through the point 0 to and making an angle 2 pi upon 3 with the positive x axis is root 3 x plus y minus 2 is equal to 0 and the equation of the line parallel to this line and crossing the y axis at a distance of 2 units below the origin is root over 3 into x plus y plus 2 is equal to 0. So this concludes the session. Hope you have understood it very well. Take care and have a good day.


A combined team of police operatives in pursuit of the bandits that attacked the Federal Government College burning Yeowri, the Police Public Relations Office of Keby Police Command, Nafiua Bulbaka says the team is currently combing forests, roots and suspected hideouts in search of the kidnappers.