Okay, now what? What do I know about this thing? I know that I want more clearance between this bearing and the blade. So I want to move this bearing back here somewhere, probably somewhere around there. Uh, it looks like this is part of the bearing here. Yeah. It's not a separate piece of it. No, that's part of the bearing. It looks like I have to unscrew a couple screws, loosen those. And then if I'm super lucky, this will just slide right over. Ha, ha, ha. This is all rusty, though. It's probably, I'm probably going to have to sand this to get this thing in there. I love it when these loosen right up. Sometimes they get rusted and you can't turn them. Oh my gosh, it slides. But yeah, it's hidden up against rust, but it is loose. So I just need to sand off this a little and it'll be able to slide right up.  I know I want to connect these bearings to the motor. And then I also need a pivot point so that I can have the blade cut like this when it's on there. And then I can tilt the whole thing so it can cut like this. Well, I still cut like that and then cut like that, but it's on the table. So whatever. And when I pivot it, I'll have like, when I'm cutting this way, I'll have this edge of the blade. When I pivot it, I want this edge to be right where that one was. So if I do two cuts, then flip the blade, I can cut straight out of thing. And this doesn't overlap into the next board. It'll just cut like, you know, just like that, just like right there. Okay. So to get it to that, this is a 12 inch blade. That means I need to pivot six inches away from there, six noodle units, which happens to be right in the middle of this, this bearing, which I didn't do on purpose, but I just measured it. And yeah, that's six, six noodles right up to these screw holes. So right in the center. So I need to have it pivoted right in line with the axle here. And my first thought looking at this is maybe I can find some L channel that I can bolt these onto, bolt the bearings onto. And then that side of the L can attach to the motor back there. And since the L will come up, then I can attach something here to make it the pivot points. Yeah. So maybe do I have any L channel stainless preferably? I don't fit that. I could use these. If I wanted to make the thing weigh like a million pounds, it's already heavy enough. This motor pretty heavy. Actually all this stuff, the whole thing is pretty heavy. So I don't want to add too much weight. And I want to make everything as well now let me think about the truth. So I'm thinking I want to make everything as stainless steel as possible. But obviously, like all of these parts are not stainless. The motor is not stainless. None of this is none of this. None of the stuff is stainless. So if I make this part out of something not stainless, it's not really going to make that much of a difference. So maybe I won't worry about making sure this whole thing is stainless because it's already a whole bunch of pieces not. And then once I get the pivot point here from that pivot point onto everything else, I can make everything else stainless. And I want to make everything stainless because it's a machine that's going to be sitting outside and there's salt water around. I'm in the ocean. I'm on an island. And I don't want the thing to rust. So I'm already going to have to be careful about these parts to keep them oiled. And whenever I'm not using it, put a cover on. So yeah, it's not going to matter much here. But then all the rest of the frame and the track and everything, I want to make sure that's all stainless because I don't want to have to cover up this entire huge machine every time I'm not using it. Okay, so let's see if we can find something that fits here. And it does not have to be stainless, which makes it a lot easier to find possibly. Oh, I could cut out some of that man has some serious stuff. We're going to cut out some of this high beam. Wait a minute, you know, where is it? I've got somewhere around here. Oh, all right. What I'm looking for are these. It's like a T beam. It's pretty long. And there's a matching one right here. So this could be where the bearings bolt down. And then the, the pivoter can be attached here and the motor can be attached there back there.  Oh, I got to organize this a little better. I've got this cart here, which is actually pretty, pretty big. I also have some wheels on the bottom. I was thinking of using this, but now I'm thinking this will be part of the next section. So yeah, I'm going to see if I can save that, not use the stainless. Oh, what do I have hidden back here? All right, and I've got all this stuff here. This is mostly not real heavy duty stuff though. And mostly, mostly aluminum, aluminum, a little bit of stainless steel. Wait a minute. This, oh, that might be useful. This here is a boat ladder. Hmm, both stainless. So let me think. Hmm, I must be getting serious pulling all this stuff out now. Too many shirts in this room right now. I need the bottom. Why can't I need a piece that's on the top? All right, before I go pull on the other one of those out, let's see what we've got here. This is even what I'm going to use. You know, sometimes people ask me if I miss anything about winters, cold weather. Yeah, you know, not being hot all the time. Like here in Central America, the temperature is generally pretty comfortable. As soon as I start lifting anything heavy or running a little, man, I'm just hot all the time. Okay, let's look what's going on here. This thing is pretty heavy, which isn't a terrible thing. So if I make this whole setup kind of heavy, it'll cut down on vibrations. So I mean, that will be a useful thing, but it's already pretty heavy. And I don't need to, yeah, I don't need to make it as heavy as this is going to make it. So, and this is way stronger than it needs to be. So maybe I cut this down here. So it has enough space to bolt into right here. These bolts can go in there, drill some holes, and then this will get cut back flush here. So this whole chunk goes out. This can go flat up against the motor. And then the silly thing here is this entire bottom. I don't need that. I just, I just, oh, I don't need most of this. All I need is this right here, not like cut that, this, and then just this flat part here. Another action would be do it this way. I don't know which is better. This doesn't really matter that much. Man, if I'm only using this and this, I'm wasting all of that for all this piece down here. It'd be really nice if I could find something where I had to cut off less, like if I had some longer ones of these, but I don't.  I'll use it for something eventually. Is there any way I can get two of these out of this one piece? Let me think about that for a minute. Maybe, okay, if I put it like, if I put it like that, okay, if I cut this here, I only, I don't need half of this top piece to bolt into, right? So I cut in half and then cut this bottom chunk off here. And then I cut this off here, which would leave that and the bottom chunk here. And if I flip it over, it ends up being the exact same piece as this, but I need the opposite. Okay. Is there any way I can get the opposite piece out of this? All right, come on, Jamie. Just, what if, okay, bolt that into there, keep this here, cut that, but I need the whole thing up here. Come on. Okay, wait a minute. I don't need this whole piece across here to bolt two spots. I only need two tabs and this is plenty thick. I don't need huge tabs and it's incredibly strong stuff. So I leave a tab here and I leave another tab here and those two spots will bolt into here.  So all I'm taking off is this section plus two tabs. And then when I use the bottom piece, I make two tabs right next to those ones and those will be connected to the bottom piece. And that means the bottom piece will be shorter by about that much, but I've got enough clearance it can be that much shorter and still connect to the motor. I think that's it. All right, I can get two pieces out of this one. Good.  I have to get more of those. Oh, wait a minute. Found a few used ones of these. Oh, that one's looking in bad shape, but should be all right. Okay, out of these I can probably cut all this maybe. Oh, let's see how it goes. Wait a minute. Oh, wait a minute was that. I checked. It's not. It's not strong enough. Hold on a minute. I still have this thing. It's got, I don't know if any of these are long enough. No, on those other pieces, the length is the question and the side piece doesn't come up high enough to make it easy to connect that pivot point that I'm going to need. So yeah, I think this is my best option. I can get both pieces out of this. I'm pretty sure I have enough cutters. I don't know how to draw on this stuff, but whatever I can do. Yeah, yeah, I can see pencil line. That's good. Little grinder can't fit in here. Solid's all, seems pretty hot. I don't want to keep pushing it. Okay, cut here and there and here and there and then here. So we should just have to drill up from the other side. Here, here, here, here. Four holes and the whole thing should come apart. Drill bits almost. This should be pretty close to coming apart. Okay, if I screw anything up, it should become something useful. If there's any luck, my bearing blocks will fit here. Better. Motor will fit in here. We're going to cut the end of that off and trim this. Two more cuts. All right, that looks like it might actually turn out pretty good. Cool, cool. I do not feel like trimming that or that or cleaning up the edges right now. I'm going to leave the rest for tomorrow.


Making a game with great content and gameplay is key when it comes to having a well-performing game, regardless of where you publish it, but making a game with terrible UI or looks in general can be a major sell-off for many players, especially me. Today, I'm going to show you one of the smallest mistakes that new Unity users have when it comes to making images and buttons look good. I am Zach and welcome to CryptoGround. I'm going to show you a little hack that will make your user interface more consistent when it comes to using similar icons and stuff like that and also being able to resize these into different positions without having a weird stretch effect that some games that I've seen have. So let's say you have a button that looks like this. So right now this is just an image or just a game object with an image component, but let's just say that we want to make this into a button. The problem is that if we stretch this, it kind of gives this weird warping effect, but we can also fix it by stretching like that. It looks just fine if we keep it at this ratio. However, let's just say you want square buttons, right? You don't want to make a whole new image. This doesn't look good. It doesn't really look good, but there's a solution to this. You see this image type in the image components on the right? Well, there's an option called sliced. Oh, it doesn't work. This image does not have a border. Well, let's solve this issue. So let's go to a project right here. Click on your image for this. Click on Sprite Editor. Alright, so we have the Sprite Editor window open right now. And you see these four green dots in each of the side? Well, that is actually a line that we can drag. So what we do here is that we can drag the corner of each of these and approximate them to where we can cut out that corner region right there, the rounded region right there. The area that we want to expand, okay? And we can do the same thing for the sides like this. So now it looks equal like that in a way. You can keep adjusting till however you like. And especially you want to be more exact. You can obviously see that this doesn't look very even, but you want to be more exact when it comes to pixel art. But for me, it doesn't really matter. And after you're done, hit apply. And after you close that window, everything should be applied. Now look what we have here. We have our perfectly well-looking image right here. And that's because we have the sliced option on and the image type. And if you see this, still make sure you select slice of simple. Now, the only issue with this is that you this does not work with filled images, right? So that's kind of a problem. So for in this case, if you're using a progress bar, you're going to have to recreate a brand new image for that. I really wish they can do sliced and filled, but unfortunately they don't support that. Anyways, back to sliced. What we can do here is adjust this pixels per unit multiplier. Now we can make this sharper by increasing the number. Or we can make it more round by decreasing the multiplier. This is your point one. Looks like this. Obviously it looks very blurry. It doesn't look as good. But you can see how once you want to get smaller, it kind of turns up into a ball. It's because when we go back to our, let's go back to our Sprite editor here. That's this right here. It's condensed. It's condensing into a small region where all four of these corners meet up and it looks like a ball. Now if you expand them like this, like in the middle like that, you'll see that it looks kind of more like a rectangle, I guess. Now let's make this as small as possible. You can see it kind of looks more like a cell, I guess, or a pill. However, I don't really need that. And I normally just, I just leave out the curves like that. So now this pixels per unit multiplier completely depends on the resolution of the original image and really just your personal preference. So like a higher multiplier might be better for panels, but I also do like more curvy like that. I think that looks really good. But for buttons, however, let's copy and paste this and change the colors so you know that we have a button here. I may say like something like this might look fine, but I might want more curve to visually know that this is a clickable button. And again, you can adjust the however, however you want and completely depends on how your image looks. And you can also do this with completely square images too. I actually do that with these right here. And I want to show you an example. Alright, so you see this dashboard button. I'm using a pixels per unit multiplier of 25. That's because this is a massive image, right? It's a big button. It used to look like this, something like that. But now it's a really small image. If we keep increasing this multiplier, it looks something like this. It'll look kind of funny. Let's make that 50. So it doesn't look too bad, but it looks thinner. I kind of want that roundness and the thickness of the outline that I have. See, that doesn't look very well. If we make this 10, it looks too round. And you could see the issue when we bring it closer. It looks like a ball. And if we make it five, same thing. If we make it one, it's too small. You won't see an effect. However, if you make it 10, you know, you can see it 20. 20 looks pretty decent. However, I think that's just still too round for my design. I just make mine 25. But again, that completely is based on your image. Anyways, I hope you learned something new today. And if you did, make sure you smash that like button, comment your questions, suggestions, all that good stuff below, and subscribe to my channel if you're new. Turn on those notifications for future live streams and videos. Anyways, thank you guys for watching, and I'll see you guys in a future video. Peace.


In this training video, we're going to look at controlling the critical path in Microsoft Project. So if we were to turn on the critical path right now, anything that's critical will turn red. When we look at the bars, the task bars, anything that's critical, these bars will become red. So we can do this by going to the Format tab, Bar Styles section of the ribbon, and clicking on Critical Tasks. So we can see the entire project now is critical as far as Microsoft Project is concerned. And this is the way, the reason for this is because this is the way it's been linked together. It's a finish to start, relationship start, start. So every task is dependent on the next one and they have to happen immediately afterwards. But if we look at the example, Task 10. Even though we've linked them together and Project is telling us that job shortlist then needs to start immediately after the closing date when the job part has been sent out. That's not going to be the case because you're going to need to, in effect, give a bit of time to allow the job parts to come back in before you can start job shortlisting. So it might take, for example, could take 14 days, could take 21 days for all the job parts to be sent back in to allow us to shortlist it. So we're going to say there's a delay here in this example of 21 days. So this task is due to start on the 29th of May this year, 2020. And that's a Friday. We're going to delay it by three weeks to say, well, we can actually give this task a three week delay because we know it can't just be done straight away the minute the closing date happens. So I'm going to double click and add a constraint starting earlier than. And I always when I'm doing this kind of work, set the date of the task. So this task is the 29th of May, which is there. And then I tend to work out three working weeks from there. So here's the 29th of May here. Now if I go forward a couple of weeks. So the 29th was a Friday. That tells me that year. So week one would be the 5th, week two would be the 12th, week three would be the 19th. So we're going to say we can't start any earlier than the 19th. And there's a delay. And we could put in a note to say. Task Delayed Awaiting Job Pack Returns. And then OK. Now the critical part looks very different. Because everything that's red is critical. And everything now, which is prior to the job's old glistening is blue. Because we've built in a 10 day, or a 15 day in this example, a delayed by three weeks, a 15 day buffer for task 10. And that's affected all the rest of the task. So that means anything prior to task 10 is non critical because there's now a 15 day buffer for this. That's why they're blue. And we can tell this by changing tables. Because if we go to the view tab and go to the tables and choose schedule, you can then see what's critical and what's non critical by looking at slack. So we can see 15 days. Here we go. 15 days for all of these tasks down to the job short list in which we've just delayed. And everything then from that point then is critical. Because there's one after another. So this is how you can actually set the critical part in reality. So what we're saying here is the first nine in this case and non critical. Because in reality we can take a bit longer to do these in effect because we've built in the days for the job short listing. This now shows how project works with critical. The minute you delay something, you'll then see some kind of change within the critical path. Now we're going to do another one. I'm going to just change the tables. Back to entries, the default. We're going to say here in this example that the HR induction is not going to happen immediately after the inform applicant. So we think we're going to set a date for the HR induction six weeks after we've informed the applicant. So we're going to go from Tuesday the 28th of July. I'm going to delay it by six weeks because that's how long it'll take to arrange the induction and make sure everything's okay after we've informed the applicant. So I'm going to double click. I'm starting over the event. Again, I'm going to be careful with these dates. So it's the 28th of July. Here we go. And I know when it's here Tuesday and it's going to be delayed by six weeks in this example. So here's the 28th. So week one at the fourth, two, three, four, five will be the first of September. So that means week six will be the 8th of September. So I'm going to go to the 8th of September. I'm always at a note. And so HR induction has been scheduled September. Two zero, two zero. Okay. And then because of the amount of time you put into the HR induction that now means everything is non-critical. According to the way we've built this up except the HR induction. And we can again review this through tables and can now see what projects to end. So it's the initial 15 days plus the 30. That's where it's 45. And then it comes to the 30 down here at this period and then it becomes zero. So if we knew we had a bit of leeway in the HR induction to say we thought actually it's going to be a week early it's going to happen. We could use those five days elsewhere in a project. So you could leave that little bit of buffer there and say we'll leave. We'll leave it. We'll work on that and we'll use the duration elsewhere in the project. But this is the way and kind of ideas that can be used to manipulate and control the critical path for business needs by adding constraints to tasks and then looking at how much slack is available within the project. And I'll just change the table back to finish to entry. And this now completes critical path control and how this can be achieved within Microsoft Project.


A very good evening aspirants. Today's date is 7th of March 2022. Before getting into the news article discussion, I have a very good announcement for you. See, just to integrate your preliminary and mains examination preparation, Shankarai's academy has launched a new app called Shankarai's Academy. See, this app is a very unique app. I'm telling you, this app is unique because the features of the app are like that. For example, if you want to watch the Hindu newspaper analysis, you can log into the app and you can watch the Hindu newspaper analysis from the app itself. So, after watching the Hindu newspaper analysis, if you want to evaluate yourself, you can once again revise your notes and you can take a test from the app itself. So, this is the reason why I said this app is very unique in its nature. And the important thing here is, you can easily download this app in the Google Play Store. You can download it from the Google Play Store and use it for your examination preparation. So, please don't forget to download the app, make use of it wisely. So, with this positive note, now let us move on to the news article discussion. Today, we have five different news articles. Firstly, we will be seeing about Quad. There was an virtual meet in the Quad and there was some discussion about the Russia-Ukraine conflict. We will be seeing about that in that first news article discussion. Secondly, we will be seeing about an important article regarding how the conflict between the Russia and Ukraine actually impacts the maritime sector. Then, we will be discussing about an important index and we will be seeing another two important articles regarding BSF. And finally, we will end our discussion by discussing about Operation Ganga. So, without wasting much time, now let us move on to the first news article discussion. Have a look at this editorial article. This editorial is written on the recent virtual Quad meeting that was held at a time when the Russia-Ukraine war is going on and predictably India and all the remaining nations of Quad have a different view and stand on the war. So, here the author discusses the basis of India's different stand. In this context, let us see the outcomes of the recent Quad meeting. Stands of the Quad nations on Russia-Ukraine war and the reason for India's different stand. And the syllabus relevant to this article, this I will write here for your reference. Just go through it. As you know, Quad stands for Quadrilateral Security Dialogue which is an informal dialogue mechanism among the four countries which includes India, USA, Japan and Australia. Now, the recent virtual meeting was called for and hosted by the USA. So, let us see the outcomes of the meeting. First, the countries reaffirmed their commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific. Actually, free and open Indo-Pacific is one of the important objective of Quad, right? Here, free and open Indo-Pacific means that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states in the Indo-Pacific is respected. Plus, countries are free from military, economic and political cohesion. Therefore, dedication to the Quad as a mechanism to promote regional stability and prosperity was also reformed in the meeting. Apart from this, next, they deliberated on the brewing issue of Russia-Ukraine war. As you know, since USA is part of Quad, it is obvious that there will be a discussion on the war also, right? Likewise, there was discussion regarding the war. Firstly, the Quad leaders discussed the ongoing conflict and the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine and assessed its broader implications. Secondly, they also agreed for a new humanitarian assistance and disaster relief mechanism. This is expected to provide a channel for communication when Quad countries respond to the crisis in Ukraine. Additionally, the assistance and mechanism will enable the Quad to meet future humanitarian challenges in the Indo-Pacific also. See, not only this, while discussing the war, every country expressed their view and stand. Let us see them one by one. For example, PM of Japan noted that Russia is attempting to unilaterally change the status quo by force and is shaking the foundation of the international order. So, Japan condemned Russia and offered assistance for Ukraine. Japan is willing to provide 100 million dollars humanitarian assistance to Ukraine. Remember, this is in addition to the loan of at least 100 million dollars. Additionally, Japan also expressed willingness to accept displaced persons from Ukraine. Note these points, very important. Then, in case of Australia, Australia already censured Russia. Australia announced to provide lethal military equipment to Ukraine to resist the Russian invasion. Along with this, it also sent non-lethal military equipment and three million US dollar contribution for supporting Ukraine. Plus, imposed sanctions on more than 350 Russian individuals including Russian President Putin. Similarly, USA is terming Russia's actions as challenging the international system, pressuring democracies into failure and dismantling their transatlantic alliance. USA is joining with its allies for channeling weaponry to Ukraine's armed forces. You can see that USA, Japan and Australia are on the same lines right? They all viewed the war as aggression by Russia and wanted to take actions on Russia. But on the other hand, India is the only coordination that has not publicly condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Rather, India emphasized on the need to return to a path of dialogue and diplomacy in the Russia-Ukraine crisis. And already in the past week, India chose to abstain from every vote at the UN that criticized Russian attack on Ukraine. But this stand of India is not taken well by the Quad countries, especially USA. So, they called India's abstentions as being in Russia's camp. That is, India abstaining from voting would mean that it is indirectly supporting Russia. Therefore, USA already urged India to take a clear position on Russian actions. That is, either India should openly criticize Russia or support it. We neither did the vote. So, why India is not explicitly criticizing Russia? There are many reasons for this. We'll see them one by one. First thing is, because India has a long-standing friendship with Russia. Second, Russia is the main supplier of arms to the Indian military. So, if India joins USA in condemning Russia covertly, this might backfire on India's military alliance with Russia. So, that is this concern. Third reason is, India is observing neutrality by not supporting Russia and joining USA. See, this is in line with the 21st century variant of non-alignment movement or NAMM. As you know, non-alignment movement was formed by the developing countries when the cold war started between USA and Russia. USA and Russia started to organize their allies into rival military alliances. But the developing countries did not join the two world power alliances and stayed neutral. Similarly, if you remember, India was one of the finding members of this alliance. So, experts say that now when again Russia and USA are on opposite sides, India is choosing neutrality. But still, India is in a critical position between Russia and USA as both are our strategic partners. So, should India pick a side and keep aside its NAMM principles? Should India do that? See, according to the author, picking a side will not be viable for India and for any other NAMM country for that matter. Why? Because today in the technological era, we are at an interdependent global arena. So, everyone needs support from one another and from superpowers also. And picking a side will not actually help. This is what the author tries to convey here. Hence, authors suggest that India and USA should continue to work together for the greater good of the rule-based international order. At the same time, using its diplomatic channels, India should convene Russia to stop the war. But things may also change if Russia starts committing war crimes and human rights violation. Because India upholds human rights principles and democracy, so outrightly violating it may lead to change in India's reaction to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. We have to make note of this also. So, let's cross the finger and wait and see how matters turn out. So, these are all the points that you have to make note of from this article. Very, very important news article. Make note of all these points. With these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. This news article talks about the Russia-Ukraine crisis. It specifically focuses on the effects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on maritime trade. So, in this segment, we'll discuss the impact of the conflict on maritime trade in Ukraine, impact of the conflict on global maritime trade and the role played by Turkey in this conflict. Before getting into the discussion, I have highlighted the syllabus relevant to this article. Just go through it. As you know, Russia launched the ongoing military operation against Ukraine on 24th February 2022. In response to this, the western economies, they imposed sanctions against Russia. This was done to cripple Russia economically. One of the industries that was affected due to these sanctions was the shipping industry. See, the western sanctions against Russia have affected the global supply chain. This has resulted in delays in shipping and increase in shipping cost. Now, what are the impacts on the maritime trade in Ukraine so far? Now, look at this map. The blue anchorage sign represents all the sea ports of Ukraine. Once the war started, all the sea ports of Ukraine were shut down. The loading and discharging of cargo stopped. Before the war started, around 140 merchant ships were stationed in the Ukraine ports. These ships continued to stay in the port for the past 11 days. None of the ports or the ships birthed in these ports has been attacked so far. Here, birth means a specific location at a port where a shipping vessel may be stationed, usually for the purpose of loading and unloading. Only two ships were attacked while in anchorage. Here, anchorage means a place in the ocean where ships can lower their anchors and stay a while. You can look at these two images to know the difference between birthing and anchorage. The first one shows ships in anchorage and the second one shows ships in birth. Two ships were attacked while in anchorage, leading traders to avoid Black Sea routes for their ships. See, so far, the Russian forces focused on the army on the air force. The use of navy by the Russian forces has been negligible. Recently, we have heard through various news articles that Russia is targeting various strategic locations like ports and nuclear facilities, right? But actually such attacks are exceptions. On the ground level, the strategic assets have not seen much fighting or attacks. See, there was a stray attack on the Ukrainian port city of Moripol by the Russian forces. Here also, Russia did not use the navy but instead the land forces. The Ukrainian resistance in the city of Moripol has also been very effective. So in essence, the ports and the ships in the ports are currently safe. Even then, the ongoing war will have an effect on the insurance premiums. Insurance premiums will go up for ships serving Black Sea ports. This will result in increased shipping cost. So far, we saw about the impact on maritime trade in Ukraine. Now, let us see the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine conflict globally. See, we know that Russia is a major supply of oil and gas through pipelines as well as ships, right? The Western sanctions have created fears of the possibility of supply disruption from Russia. So, just last week, the crude oil price went up by 20 percentage. See, the major portion of the operation cost of ships is its fuel cost. As the crude oil prices go up, the price of the shipping fuel, which is called the bunker fuel or fuel oil, will also increase. This increase in the price of bunker fuel will have a cascading effect. This will directly result in a rise of freight cost and shipping cost. See, the news article says the increase in shipping cost will only be a temporary phenomenon. The short-term price rise is largely due to the oligopolistic control some firms have over container shipping. See, oligopoly is a condition where the market is dominated by a small number of large sellers. In case of container shipping, 10 largest liner shipping companies account for 82 percentage of the global trade. So, although there will be an immediate rise in shipping cost due to rising fuel prices, eventually the price will level out. Next, we'll see the impact of the conflict on bulk shipping. Now, what is bulk shipping and how is it different from container shipping? See, the simple difference between both is that container ships carry goods in containers, while bulk ships don't. Bulk ships carriers carry a lot of bulk quantity goods like oil, granaries, paddy, wheat etc. While on the other hand, container ships carry goods like cars, electronic products, huge machinery etc. You can look at these images to get a better understanding about the difference. Here, the first one is a container ship and the next one is a bulk carrier. See, Russia and Ukraine are major traders in grain, minerals and oil. So, the bulk shipping industry will be affected due to the ongoing conflict. Already, the conflict has increased insurance premiums, with supply side shock due to disruption in supply of grains, minerals and oil, the bulk shipping industry will be negatively impacted due to the conflict. In case the Russia-Ukraine conflict further escalates, Baltics, the North Sea and the Mediterranean shipping traffic will also be affected due to rising insurance premiums. So, these are impacts of the conflict globally. So far, we saw about the impacts on the maritime trade in Ukraine and then we saw about the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine conflict globally. Now, we shall see the role of Turkey. Now, look at these maps. See, for ships from the Mediterranean to enter into Black Sea, it must go through the Aegean Sea, Dardanelles Strait, Sea of Marmara and then through Bosphorus Strait. Here, Dardanelles Strait connects Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The Bosphorus Strait connects the Sea of Marmara with the Black Sea. You can see that in the map here, right? See, Turkey has total control over the Bosphorus Strait. So, it effectively controls the entry and exit of ships from the Black Sea. Also remember, Turkey is not a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, that is UN clause. UN clause sees the oceans as commons. As you know, the signatories of UN clause have to allow even bar ships innocent passage through territorial waters of a nation. For more information regarding UN clause, you can refer to our 14th December 2021 discussion. See, since Turkey is not a signatory of UN clause, it can block the movement of Russian Navy vessels. Even though Turkey is not a signatory to UN clause, but it is a signatory to the Montrex Convention. See, the Montrex Convention was signed in 1936. The Convention is basically an agreement concerning the Dardanal Strait, the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus Strait. The Convention allows Turkey to close the Strait to all warships in times of war and to permit only merchant ships free passage. The Convention also lays down clearly what is a warship and what is not. So, using this Convention, Turkey can block the entry of the Russian Navy into the Black Sea. But in case Turkey decides to overextend its advantage and block Russian merchant ships by a wider interpretation of the Montrex Convention 1936, the current situation might further deteriorate. This move will affect Russian sentiment and inflame the issue further. So, in this case, Turkey has a crucial role to play in the present conflict. So, now we came to the end of this segment. In this segment, we discussed the impact of Russia-Ukraine conflict on maritime trade in Ukraine, impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on global maritime trade, and the role played by Turkey in this conflict. With these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. This news article is taken from the Text and Context page. See, this is with reference to Democracy Report 2022, which was released by Sweden-based varieties of democracy. Which is shortly known as Wiedem Institute. See, the report was titled Democracy Report 2022, Autocratization, Changing Nature. And the report states that, the level of democracy enjoyed by the average global citizen in 2021 is down to 1989 levels. It also states that, last 30 years of democratic advances are now eradicated. And the important point to note here is that, the report classifies India as an electoral autocracy rather than a democracy. It ranks India at 93rd position on the Liberal Democracy Index out of 179 countries. So, this is why this news article is very significant, and we have to make note of certain important points from the news article given here. So, this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, we will discuss about the methodology, parameters and the findings of the report to have a brief understanding about what is happening. Before that, the syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference. Just go through it. Firstly, we will discuss about the methodology of the report. See, Wiedem uses the combination of several separate expert judgments to produce estimates of crucial concepts. It actually gathers data from a pool of over 3,700 country experts who provide judgment on different concepts and cases. So, using this diverse opinions, the Wiedem's model algorithm starts the estimation. I hope you can understand the methodology here. Here, only the judgments from the experts or collector and fed into a model algorithm. So, this algorithm estimates both the degree to which an expert is reliable relative to other experts and the degree to which their perception differs from other experts. So, this is how the algorithm helps Wiedem to come up with the most accurate values for each parameter. Having seen the methodology, now we will see the parameter that are used to assess the status of a democracy. See, Wiedem's conceptual scheme takes into account not only the electoral dimension, but also the liberal principles. Here, by referring to electoral dimension, they are saying about the free and fair elections. And here, liberal principle means that a democracy must protect individual and minority rights against both the tyranny of the state and tyranny of the majority.  So here, the parameter includes electoral dimension and also the liberal principle. And remember that the Wiedem report classifies countries into four regime types based on their score in the Liberal Democratic Index or LDI. They include liberal democracy, electoral democracy, electoral autocracy and closed autocracy. See, this liberal democratic index, it actually captures both the liberal and electoral aspects of a democracy based on 71 indicators that make up the liberal component index and electoral democracy index. See, the liberal component index, that is LCI, actually measures aspects such as protection of individual liberties and legislative constraints on the executive like that. While the electoral democracy index, they consider indicators that guarantee free and fair elections, such as freedom of expression and freedom of association. So far, we saw about the methodology of the report and we also saw the parameters of the report which are used to assess the status of a democracy. Now, we'll discuss about the main findings of the report. Note that the Sweden top to the LDI index, other Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and Norway, along with Costa Rica and New Zealand make up the top five in liberal democracy rankings. The report underlines that autocratization is spreading rapidly with a record of 33 countries autocratizing. As you know, autocracy is a system of government by one person with absolute power. So, this is the first point to be noted. Then the report says that 2021 saw a record six coupes signaling a sharp break from an average of 1.2 coupes per year. So, usually there might be an average of 1.2 coupes per year but in 2021, we saw a record of six coupes and this resulted in four new autocracies. These include Chad, Gunia, Mali and Myanmar. Next thing to note is that while the number of liberal democracies stood at 42 in 2012, their number has shrunk to just 34 countries. This is the lowest level in over 25 years. Apart from this, the report finds that autocracies or dictatorships rise from 25 to 30 between 2020 and 2021. The world today has 89 democracies and 90 autocracies. It means that electoral autocracy reminds the most common regime type, accounting for 60 countries and 44 percentage of the world population or 3.4 billion people. So, as per the report, 3.4 billion people are subjected to electoral autocracy. And the electoral democracies were the second most common regime accounting for 55 countries and 16 percentage of the world population. Just imagine the difference between the two. It's a bit shocking, right? But this is the reality. So far, we saw about a global picture or what is said in the index globally or the global account of the index. Now, what does the report say about India? We'll see about that also. The points which I'm going to mention here, you can use them as value addition in your main censor writing. You can use it in ethics as well as essay paper. See, the report notes that India is part of a global trend of an anti-plural political party driving a country's autocratization. India was ranked 93rd in the LTI, making it figure in the bottom 50 percentage of countries. We saw that in the intro itself, right? So, India has slipped further down in the electoral democracy index 200 as well. Note that in South Asia, India is ranked below Sri Lanka, which is at 88th rank. Nepal, which is at 71st rank. And Bhutan, which is at 65th rank. And above Pakistan, 117th rank in the LTI. So, finally, the report finds that one of the biggest driver of autocratization is toxic polarization. Now, what is this toxic polarization? See, toxic polarization is defined as a phenomenon that erodes respect of counter-arguments and associated aspects of the deliberate component of democracy. So, this toxic polarization actually erodes respect for opposing viewpoints, which we also call it as dissent right. So, there will be no respect for dissent and associated aspects of deliberative component of democracy. So, as per the report, this toxic polarization is the biggest driver of autocratization. The report also points out that the toxic polarization contribute to electoral victories of anti-pluralist leaders and the improvement of their autocracy. Noting that, polarization and autocratization are mutually reinforcing. The report also identified misinformation as a key tool deployed by autocratizing governments to sharpen polarization and shape domestic and international opinion. We know that repression of civil society and censorization of media were other favored tools of autocratizing regime right. Along with this, the report finds that the freedom of expression declined in a record 35 countries in 2021 with only 10 showing improvement. Other indicators like repression of civil society organizations worsened in 44 countries over the past 10 years, which is at the very top of the indicators affected by autocratization. Also in 37 countries, direct government control over civil society organizations, existence moved in an authoritarian direction. This is the evidence of weakening of civil society around the world. So these are all some of the important points that you have to make note of from the news article given here. In this news article discussion, we saw about the methodology of VEDEM Institute, Democracy Report 2022. We then saw about the parameters that are used to access the status of democracy. Then we saw some of the main findings of the report. Then we saw about India specific findings in the report. So with these insights, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. This article is with reference to border security force, which is shortly called as BSF. This article states that five border security force personnel were killed on Sunday when one of the Jawans allegedly opened fire at the forces camp in Amritsar. In this context, let us revise about border security force in problem's perspective. See border security force is one of the seven central armed police forces of the Union of India. It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Note that the other central armed police forces include ASAM rifles, which is shortly known as AR, Indo-Tibetan border police, ITBP, Central Industrial Security Force, CISF, Central Reserve Police Force, CRPF, National Security Guards, NSG, and Shastra Seema Ball, SSB. See till 1965, India's border with Pakistan were manned by the state armed police battalion. On 9th April 1965, Pakistan attacked Sardar Post, Charbet and Beria Bet in Kutch. This exposed the inadequacy of the state armed police to cope with armed aggression. So, the government of India felt that there is a need for a specialized centrally controlled border security force, which would be armed and trying to man the international border with Pakistan. As a result of the recommendation of the committee of secretaries, the border security force came into existence on 1st December 1965. Border security force was raised to fight against militancy in Punjab, Chamon Kashmir, North East region, etc. and to God, international border with Pakistan and Bangladesh. Very very important point. They might ask a question in internal security regarding these security forces. So, in addition to this, border security force also performs anti-infiltration role in Kashmir Valley, counter insurgency in North East region, anti-naxal operation in Odisha and Chhattishgarh states and security of integrated check posts along Pakistan and Bangladesh international borders. See, India has a land border of about 15,200 kilometers with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma and Bangladesh and a coastline of 7,500 kilometers, right? We know that. This also comprises large stretches of riverine and semi-riverine area. The border security force guards 6,957 kilometers of land borders and 844 kilometers of which is riverine in nature. Note that BSF is the only central armed police force to have its own air wing, marine wing and artillery regiments which support the general duty battalions in their operations. The force also maintains a tear smoke unit which is shortly known as TSU which is unique in India. The TSU is responsible for producing tear gas munitions required for the anti-roid forces. See, the BSF is headed by the Director General who is usually an officer from the Indian Police Service. Know this also. Now talking about the important functions of BSF, the important function of BSF is to promote a sense of security among the people living in the border area. It prevents trans-border crimes unauthorized entry into or exit from the territory of India. It also prevents smuggling and any other illegal activities. The BSF has also deployed women personnel at the border. They carry out regular frisking of women as well as other duties performed by their male counterparts including guarding the border. Over 100 women have been employed on the highly volatile India-Pakistan border while around 60 will be deployed on the Indo-Bangla border. In total, 595 women constables will be deployed on the border in different face. So that's all about the news article. In this news article discussion, we saw about border security force. We saw that it is one of the seven central armed police force of the union of India. We saw the other six central armed police forces. Then we saw in brief about border security force, how it came into existence and we saw some of the functions of the border security force. So with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Have a look at this news article. This news article talks about Operation Ganga. See our Prime Minister was in Pune recently for the integration of the Golden Jubilee celebration of the Symbiosis University. While talking there, our Prime Minister mentioned that India was successful in evacuating its citizens from war-torn Ukraine due to the growing influence of India in the globe. This is the crux of the article given here. In this context, let us see about Operation Ganga in prelims perspective and let us also see some of other evacuation operations conducted by India in prelims perspective. See Operation Ganga has been in news a lot of times. So there might be a question in preliminary examination. So just pay attention to the discussion. As I already said, Operation Ganga is an evacuation mission. The mission aims to bring back Indian citizens who are stuck in Ukraine due to the ongoing conflict. The Indian evacuation flights are operating from neighboring countries like Romania and Hungary. Next is Operation Devi Shatti 2021. See the mission aimed to evacuate Indian citizens and foreign nationals from Afghanistan after the collapse of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the fall of Kabul city to the Taliban forces. See during the COVID-19 pandemic there were two operations. One is Operation Vande Bharat and the other is Operation Samutra Sedhu. Vande Bharat is the biggest ever civilian evacuation exercise to bring back Indian citizens. This mission was carried out by erstwhile national air carrier Air India. Operation Sumutra Sedhu was a naval operation to bring back Indian citizens home during the pandemic. Indian naval ships Jalaswa and Ayurawat Shardul and Mahar participated in this operation. See around 4,000 Indian citizens standard in neighboring countries were successfully brought back to India. There was another mission called Operation Sumutra Sedhu 2 by the Navy. In this operation, naval ships were deployed for shipment of liquid medical oxygen filled cryogenic containers and associated medical equipments from various countries to India. So note the difference here. So far we saw about 5 missions. Operation Ganga is an evacuation mission to bring back Indian citizens who were stuck in Ukraine due to the ongoing conflict. Next is Operation Devi Sakthi 2021. It is a mission named to evacuate Indian citizens and foreign nationals from Afghanistan after the fall of Kabul city to the Taliban forces. Then during COVID-19 pandemic there were two operations Operation Vande Bharat and Operation Sumutra Sedhu. Operation Vande Bharat is a civilian evacuation exercise which is carried out by Air India and Operation Sumutra Sedhu was a naval operation. Around 4,000 Indian citizens were brought back to India during pandemic. There is another operation called Operation Sumutra Sedhu 2 which was also carried out by Navy. In this operation, naval ships were deployed for shipment of liquid medical oxygen filled cryogenic containers and associated medical equipments from various countries to India. So having seen that next is Operation Nistar 2018. See in 2018 there was a cyclone that engulfed Sokotra Island Indian naval ship INS Sunaina evacuated the Indians struck in Sokotra Island under Operation Nistar. Next is Operation Sankat Mohchen 2016. This was carried out by the Indian armed forces to evacuate Indian citizens and other foreign nationals from South Sudan during the South Sudanese Civil War. Next is Operation Rahat 2015. It was launched during the Yemeni crisis between the Yemeni government and the Haudi rebels. Next is Operation May 3, 2015. It was launched in the backdrop of the Nepal earthquake to bring back Indian citizens and foreign nationals. It is the joint relief and rescue operation by the Indian government and the Indian armed forces. Next is Operation Safe Homecoming 2011. It was launched to bring back Indian citizens struck in conflict on Libya. Indians were brought back through the joint operation of Indian Air Force and the Navy. Next is Operation Sukun 2006. It is famously known as the Beirut Sea Lift. Indians standard during the Israel-Lebanon military conflict were evacuated during this operation. Finally the famous 1990 Kuwait Air Lift. See during the Iranian invasion of Kuwait around 170,000 Indians were safely brought back to India from Kuwait. So these are some of the important evacuation missions carried out by India to bring back Indian nationals to our country. With this we came to the end of the news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw about Operation Ganga. Along with it we also saw some of other important evacuation operation conducted by India. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is nothing but the preliminary practice questions. Now look at this first question. This question is about Border Security Force. Consider the following statements about the Border Security Force. Statement 1 It comes under the administrative control of the Ministry of Defence. Second statement it is the only central armed police force to have its own fully operational air wing. Which of the statements given above is or or correct? Option A 1 only Option B 2 only Option C both 1 and 2 and option D neither 1 nor 2. See the correct answer for the question is Option B 2 only. See we have seen that BSF is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs. So the first statement is incorrect here because it is given here that it comes under the Ministry of Defence. So here the first statement is incorrect. Now look at the second statement. Second statement is actually correct because BSF is the only central armed police force to have its own fully operational air wing. So the correct option here is Option B 2 only. Now moving on to the second question which of the following are operations conducted by Indian Army? First statement operation all out. Second one is Operation Vijay. Third one is Operation Trident. Fourth one is Operation Black Tornado. And fifth one is Operation Talwar. So which of the above statements is or or correct? See here if you know just about Operation Vijay which was operation by the Indian Army that led to the incorporation of Portuguese India that is Goa, Dio and Domin into India. You can arrive at the correct answer. Here only option with Operation Vijay is Option A. So the correct answer for the question is Option A 1 to 1 4. Now let us briefly see about other operations also. See operation all out was conducted by the Army in 2015 for flushing out militants from specially Kashmir region of Jamun Kashmir state of India. And Operation Black Tornado was conducted by the Army in 2008 against the Mumbai terror attacks. And talking about Operation Trident and Talwar they are naval operation by Indian Navy. Operation Trident is the offensive operation of Indian Navy over Pakistan when the Indian Navy attacked over the Karachi port of Pakistan in the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war. Here Operation Talwar was planned during Kargil war in 1999. Indian Navy they prepared a blockade for the Pakistani boats near the Karachi port to stop the supply of oil and fuel. Indian Navy also threatened to cut the trade routes of the Pakistan and started patrolling in the Arabian Sea. So that's all you have to know about this question. Here the correct answer for the question is 1 to 1 4. The main questions are displayed here. Just go through it, write an answer and post it in the comment section. With us we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video, like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankarai's Academy YouTube channel. Thank you. you


Great stuff. Well, as I said, good day everyone. Welcome to today's session. My name is Wes Theron and with me as co-host is Catherine Prisner. And as you will see, our topic for today is exploring global styles and the style book. So it is very much an introductory online workshop and an exploration. So yeah, let's jump in. So I thought before we get going to, of course, use the site editor, you need a block theme. And when you have a block theme, you will have access to the site editor. And the site editor allows you to design your entire site. It allows you to edit templates as well as header and footer template bots. But it also gives you greater control over how your site looks. And that is where global styles and the style book become very relevant. So styles allow you to style your site without using any code. So when you open styles, you can browse style variations that come with your theme. But please note, some don't have variations. And we'll look at that a bit now as well. You can set typography. You can change color palettes as well as the layout of your entire site. But what about individual blocks? Well, you will notice at the bottom, it also says customize the appearance of specific blocks for the whole site. And we will explore that a bit more as well. Because if you make a change to an individual block, it will take precedence over your global styles. But we'll see that in action a bit later as well. Now, if you go to global styles or to styles, you can of course just leave it up to your theme and you can select the default theme or one of the variations provided. But styles, and that's the amazing thing about how WordPress has developed and changed is the styles does put the power in your hand to customize these elements. Now, that brings us to the style book. So a new feature was added in 6.2 and that is the style book, which has made the customization process even easier. So this style book creates a visual representation of all the styles that will automatically be applied across your website. Now, in this screenshot, we see the visual representation of the different heading sizes, as well as a paragraph. And in the next screenshot, we see what our images and galleries will look like. So when you make changes to styles, you will save time and you will actually see the changes you make all from one dashboard if you use the style book. And this preview gives you a strong idea from the start of a website about what your new block theme will look like. So that is a bit of an introduction. Yeah, Catherine, I didn't know if you wanted to add anything there before we move on to our test website. But yeah, as I said, the power is in your hands to make these changes and customizations. Yeah, the only thing I would say is this is probably an underrated feature that not everybody knows about. So I'm really glad you're focusing on this because it's super useful as you're about to see. Exactly, and in the past, you would have had to use a lot of CSS or code to do these things and now you can do it straight from the site editor. All right, so let's move on to my test website. Okay, so first things first, and as I mentioned, to gain access to the site editor you need a block theme. And I am using the 2023 block theme today. So if I go to appearance and themes, you'll notice I've got the 2023 block theme installed. If you click on add new, you will actually see there's a tab for block themes. If you were looking to install and activate a block theme. So if you click on block themes, you will be able to search block themes. All right, so I'm using the 2020, 2023 block theme today. And of course, we mentioned if you want access to styles, we will need to go to the editor. So we add all our content to posts and to pages, but we do our styling or designing in the site editor. So let's make our way to editor and this brings me to the site editor, as I said, where you can update your templates and header and footer template bots. But then of course, the reason we're here today is to talk about styles. So to get to styles, you first have to open up one of your templates. So I'm just gonna click on this template and you will notice this is my home template. And I've already added some posts and I've already added a header and a footer. And now we wanna start styling, right? So to open styles, we click on the styles icon and you will see this top right. And if you click on styles, you will see browse styles, typography, colors, layout and then at the bottom, customize the appearance of specific blocks for the whole site. So let's talk about browsing styles first. So many themes come with style variations. So at the moment, this is the default style variation for the 2023 theme, but if we click on browse styles, you will see this theme actually provides you different styles to choose from. So the hard work is already kind of being done for you. And the cool thing since 6.2 is they provide you this zoomed out version of your website so that you can kind of see an overview of your site, which is really helpful. Okay, so let's select one of our variations to see what this looks like in action. All right, let's select greps. And in one click, you will see the style of my site, the entire style of my site change. Okay, let's select another one. What about whisper? Again, you will see the typography changes. Now the one thing that I've seen is kind of the layout in general looks the same. Let's look at one more. Let's select the skinnery one. And then of course, when you select one of these variations, you can start editing that as well if you wish to. Okay, so I'm just gonna click on default again. All right, so it's back to normal. It says they choose a variation to change the look of the site. Now, if I go back, you will see you can also then, if you don't want to select one of the variations your theme provides, or if your theme does not provide a variation, you can of course, start changing the typography of your site. The text, the links, headings, buttons. You can change the color pallets as I mentioned. The background, the text color, the color of links of your headings and your buttons. And when you click on pallet here, you will notice this is the color pallet my theme uses. And I would also suggest if you are going to customize your site completely with your own colors, et cetera, it is advised to use a color pallet generator, look for accessibility and so forth.  The great thing as well about the variations with the 2023 theme, it has already been tested for accessibility, which is great. And then the last thing of course, is we spoke about layout. So you can change the dimensions of your site, the content and how wide it is. So you can update that if you wish to as well and even some of the block spacing. So you've got padding and block spacing. All right, now at the bottom, it says customize the appearance of specific blocks for the whole site. So let's click on blocks. So let's say for example, you only actually want to customize the style of an individual block, you can do so. And there it says customize the appearance of specific blocks and for the whole site. So of course, when you make this change year for this individual block, it will update everywhere else on the site. So let's say for example, let's select the quote block. Now, in the past, it was a bit more difficult if you wanted to make the change. So now I've got the quote block and I want to make some changes. In the past, I would have had to add the quote block year in my template to kind of see how it changes and how it updates. But don't worry, that's been fixed and that's where the style book comes to play. So we said the style book is a visual representation of your entire site and of all your blocks. So I actually don't want to go and add my quote block year and make the changes to see how it updates. I can actually do that all in the style book.  And if you hover over that, we see style book. And here we can see the visual representation of our entire site. And you'll see it's broken up into text, media design, widgets and theme. So with my default theme, this is the way my headings, this is heading two, three, four, five and six. This is what this will look like. Paragraph, a list, a quote, et cetera. If we go to media, we'll see this is the way our images will look, audio, a cover block, then design, your buttons, columns, group blocks, widgets and then theme. So you can even update your navigation block year in style book if you wanted to. Now, as I said earlier on, if you wanted to make, I'm just going to go back to text. If you wanted to make a change to your quote block, for example, you can do it in the style book. And if you select the block, you can do everything year and it will update. And you can see how it updates. All right, so this is my introduction to the global styles in the style book. And of course, now we want to actually see this in action. So I will go and make some changes and then we'll see how that looks. So before I do that, is there anything, Catherine, that you wanted to highlight or questions that needs to be answered? I don't think we have questions, but I just wanted to point out one thing, Alisa just pointed out that you can only access the style book from the site editor and not an individual page. Yeah, because it takes over the left-hand preview area. And then there was a bunch of questions about when a child theme is necessary, which is kind of not sort of in the scope of what you're talking about. So I answered them all in the chat and I think that everything's been answered. I see another question having come in, but I think I'm going to answer that in chat just so I don't get too off track. Great. All right, so let's go and make some changes. And yes, I would also say if you're doing this, have a child theme. Yes, but definitely not in the scope of today's, but that is something actually worth mentioning. A child theme is always a good step to take. Okay, so I'm going to go back now to my styles. Let's close the style book and let's just make some changes to see what it will look like. So for typography, I'm going to say, I want to change the typography of my sites a bit. So let's do that. So I'm going to click on typography and I'm going to select text. Now, the nice thing is if you select text and if you select a different font, it will apply globally as well to two headings and links, et cetera. So I'm just going to do it in one place. So I'll open up my typography. I'll go to font and you will see a few font options that come with the 2023 theme. Your theme might provide less or more, it all depends. So I'm going to select the IBM Plex Mono just to play around with it a bit. So we can see how it changes and updates. So let's select IBM Plex Mono and as you've noticed, everything changed. My navigation, my headings. So the text changed everywhere. Okay, I kind of like that. So I've changed that. Let's go to colors. Now, as I mentioned here at the bottom, you can change the background. So let's see what happens if I change the background. I would prefer not to, but let's just see. Then you can actually see how it updates. But I would like to keep it white and I would like to keep the color of my text black. But I actually want my headings to have a different color. So I'm going to do that. You will notice I've got these chopsticks and like a red circle. And I thought, oh, let's bring another color in that kind of picks that up. So I'm going to actually use the hex code of this color and apply it to my heading. Okay, so let's open up headings. All right. It says text color for all heading levels and then background color for all heading levels. So we're just going to do the text color. So I want to add a hex code. So I will click on here and then I will add my hex code here. And the hex code I am after is EB1D27. So I've added my hex code and now you would have noticed my headings update. My headings updated. And as I said, the other text I wanted to keep, I wanted to keep black. All right, now next, I thought let's look at this website from the front end now. But before I do that, I still wanted to talk about layout. All right, so let's change the block spacing a bit just to see what happens. You would have noticed the block spacing there changed. It's just clicked undo. And then you can actually see how it changes. As I revert back to how it was, it was 1.5. And for padding, let's say I add a mixed padding. So I don't do top left. Let's add some padding as well. All right, so you can play around with the padding as well. Okay, let's just undo so you can see how it changes. It's kind of helpful to see how it, and now that's odd. Now the color of my text looks different again, my heading. I don't know how that happened. Let's change that again. E, B, one, D, two, seven. There we go. And it's safe. Okay, now we can go into the style book and make some other changes as well. So let's click on the I. Let's click on media. And you would have noticed something. I made a change on my query loop block. Let me just show that again. You would have noticed this query loop block, the post-featured image, I'm just gonna show you. So yeah, in year, if I open up the style, not the global styles now, just the style for my query loop block, and I select the post-featured image block. So let's look at the style of the post-featured image block and let's open styles. And you would have noticed I've added a 20 pixel radius around this image or the post-featured image. So all my posts with a post-featured image will have this rounded effect. And I actually want that to be seen on images as well. So when I add a new image or gallery, I want those images to have the same look and feel. And let's do that in the style book. So again, styles, style book, go to media and let's select the image block and then click on border and here you can change the radius. So we said we want a 20 pixel radius and when you change that, you will notice it updates on images as well as galleries. So you actually just have to do it once. And now of course, I feel there's unity between my query loop block and my images and galleries. All right, so let's save that. Now, one thing you will notice, okay, let's just scroll down a little bit. One thing I haven't changed is my buttons block. So you'll notice I've kind of played around with my, the color, we've looked at the layout, we've looked at typography, but now we want you to update this as well. Okay, so we'll do that in the style book as well and let's go to design. And the cool thing as well is if you change it to the button, it will update to buttons. Okay, so select the button block and let's go to colors and let's say we want the background to be black and we want the text to be white. Now something else you will notice with the buttons block is that you can update the typography colors, borders, shadow layout of the buttons block, but you also have the style variation. So with this theme, there is an outline style variation and if you click on the outline style variation, you can even modify that if you wish to. So this is the way the outline variation looks, but you can even modify that if you wanted to. But I actually like the border and I'm gonna keep it like that, but if you wanted to, for example, you can change the colors, you can change the border, you can even play around with shadows. Let's say crisp or none, great. So I've updated that, so let's save and now let's see what it looks like on our side, great. So there is the buttons block now, but yeah, I actually wanted to actually not have the default, I want the outline. So let's open, sorry, the style, let's open the style for this specific buttons block. So you'll notice if you click on settings for block, you have your settings and your styles for that specific block. So let's say I want the outline style here on my homepage and of course, if you updated that and changed that, it would have looked different. Okay, so let's see my site on the front end now, okay. I've changed the color of my headings and of course I've changed the typography and I've updated my buttons block. Let's look at my sample page and see what it looks like everywhere else on my site. I also changed the radius of my images and my gallery block. And as you noticed, I actually did nothing from within a page. This was all design decisions I made in my site, in the site editor using styles and using the style book, okay. So before I talk about individual blocks and how it takes precedence, is there anything else? Any other questions about this or comments? There's some compliments on the delicious looking sushi and how distracting it is. I agree, it's dinner time here, that looks good. There was a question from John about whether it's possible to set a default size for the image block. I am pretty sure that is not possible, but if you know otherwise. So I'm actually glad, I think it's Jean. I know with our fringe background, we also say John. I think it's Jean. No, this is John, this is John, this is a different person. Oh, John, John, sorry. Sorry, I thought you said John. Oh, no, no, no, no, no, sorry. Okay, sorry, my bad. I'm actually glad John asked that question. So of course, sometimes you don't have all those capabilities. So let's see that in action. So let's open style book. So what was the question, a default? A default size for each image block. So when you add it, it would appear the same size every time you add it. So unfortunately not. The one thing you will see here in the style book is that you can only update the border and the radius and there's also a style variation that you can choose. But unfortunately, that's not available in the style book or in styles yet. And the reason I said that's a good question is I actually bumped into this as well preparing for this. I wanted to change the social links block. And I suddenly realized my options are limited. So let me show you. If you go to widgets and you go down to social icons, I actually wanted to update, and this is maybe a question for you as well, Catherine, but what I realized is that those settings are just not available for this specific block. So if I select the social links block, you will notice if you click on colors, the only option you have here is the background. You actually can't change these colors in the style book. You can only change the background. And that's not what I wanted. I didn't want that. I wanted to kind of change my social links and the look and feel of my social links, but then I realized I can't do it. I have to do that on the front end or in the template. Speaking of tablets. Oh, sorry, go ahead. Is that your finish? No, no. Go for it. Cause I just wanted to show folks something else though. Okay. Okay. So I don't know if this maybe will solve John's question, but one thing I realized is that you can apply changes globally. So let me show you what I mean. So unfortunately, as I said, I can't make these changes on the social icons block using the style book. And as we saw, we are also limited with the image block and also some other places. But what we can do, okay, let's just scroll down here and I'll show you. Okay. Let's add my social links, social icons block here. Okay. And then let's add, so let's say Facebook, Twitter, WordPress. Let's just add some dummy content to make the color pop to make it live. Okay. So there's the social icons block. Now I want to make changes and I'm going to change the size. They say to large. Let's open the styles for the specific block. Go to styles. And if you go to icon color, let's say we want the icon color to be black. No, let's keep the icon color white. Let's make the icon background black. Now, as you would have noticed, you did not have this option in the style book. So let's say you had social icons spread throughout your site now. If you make the one change here, you can actually now apply that to all your other social icons as far as I know. So let me just check. If you click on settings, and if you go to advanced, it says apply globally. Now, unfortunately, this block does not even allow you to do that. So if you see it's actually not in white, it's in gray. So that's interesting, Catherine, that you can't even apply this globally. You can apply, if you make a change to another, let's say for example, the buttons block, let's see. Let's make a change to our buttons block and let's make the background color. Let's say I make that change here now, go to settings, go to advanced, you will notice I can apply this globally now. I didn't even have to do that in the style book. So now if I say apply globally, it says apply this blocks, typography, spacing, dimensions, and color styles to all buttons blocks. So now it will update everywhere. So that is an option applying styles globally that is also worth mentioning. But as you saw with the social icons block, it does not actually allow you to do that yet. And I don't know why, but yeah, I just thought it's worth mentioning. Yeah, very interesting. My guess as to why that's grayed out is because those color options are not yet available on a site-wide basis. And I don't know why. I don't know why they're available on the individual block basis, but not globally. So that's strange. Yeah. All right, so. Yes, what did Linda say? Well, Linda's saying, so you'd have to make the changes to the social icons, turn it into a reusable block and then replace the instances. Absolutely. Yes, that's a great workaround. Very good workaround. So of course, for those folks who are wondering, if you click on the three vertical dots, you can create a reusable block. And then as Linda said, you can use it that way. Yeah. Do you have time for a semi-related question? Yes, go for it. Okay. Well, I had a question earlier. Are global styles for the entire site or can you style something for pages and a different style for posts? So I just clarified that global styles are site-wide, hence the word global, but that if you added a template, like for example, the page template or the single template, then you can apply those changes just to pages or just to single posts, for example. So that would be the way to do it, not globally. Yes, correct. Yeah, absolutely. Unfortunately, when of course everything you do in styles is globally. Although I just want to check something. This is maybe just me testing something out. I'm just trying to think now. No, let me not go there. I don't think that is possible. I was just thinking of something else. All right, but I wanted to talk about changing individual blocks and how that actually takes precedence over your global styles. And let me show you that in action. So it's open styles. And in this case, I am going to, which block did I look at? The quote block. That's actually the one that I wanted to look at. So let's go to the quote block and I'll show you what I mean. So I think what we need to learn from this is that just you need to be changing individual blocks sparingly. And you also need to think how it links with the design of the rest of your site. So let's say I want to update this individual quote block now. Yeah, so I'm going to select my quote block and let's say I want to change the typography. I don't want it to be IBM Plex Mono like the rest of my site. Let's make a DM Sans. All right, next. I can make some other changes. So let's say let's make it large. Let's change the default. Maybe to semi-bold, maybe medium or extra light. Okay, well, we can play around with that. So now you will notice it's DM Sans and I've made some other changes. So let's save that. Now I'm going to go back and let's say I've made a different decision and say I actually don't want the IBM Plex Mono for my site design anymore. I want to change that now. So now we go back to, we leave individual blocks and we go back to our general styles, typography, keep an eye on the quote block. All right, so keep an eye on the quote block because now we're going to go back to text and say we don't want IBM Plex Mono anymore. Let's say we want source Serif Pro. So now everything changed to source Serif Pro but you would have noticed that the quote block was untouched, it stayed untouched because I've made that custom change to the individual block. If you want your quote block now to update with the rest of your site, you have to go back and you have to select the default option for the quote block. So if we select, let's just keep an eye on this again and see how it changes. Let's select typography and let's select default. And when we select the default, we would have noticed now it changed again and updated with the rest of the site. So yeah, I just wanted to highlight that changing an individual block, it takes precedence over global styles that you make. Okay, I'm going to stop here and actually go to my other test website as there's a few other things that I want to show you. So I'm going to make my way to my other test website and you will notice I have also installed the 2023 theme year. So let's just open the editor. All right, we will see this is the page template actually that we're on. And I wanted to show you what happens if you apply different block themes and how some provide block style variations and some don't. So let's go back and go to appearance, go to themes and let's activate the TOEV theme. Let's go to editor again. Now you will see, of course, the style of this block theme has been applied. But if we now open styles, you won't see, let me just show you compared to this other one. Sorry, let me just close styles. You will notice, as we said, some themes come with style variations. So if you can click here on browse styles, but now compared to the TOEV theme, you don't have the browse styles. So this theme does not provide style variations. But now you can, of course, make any changes here as you please using styles and your style book. Let's use another theme to show the opposite. So let's make our way to themes again and here's one that I found, flat blocks. Let's activate flat blocks, make our way to the site editor. The new style has been applied. Let's open up the template, open styles and here we will see there is actually an option to browse styles. And remember, when you select browse styles, you've got the zoomed out version of your site and there's actually a lot of variations to choose from. And you'll see some of them, the color seems to have stayed the same. It's just the typography that changes. So yes, I just wanted to note that because I know all of us use different themes and therefore things might look a bit different on your end. That brings me to 6.3. Now, of course, Catherine, I will maybe team up with you again on this, but when 6.3 is released, we will try and also have an online workshop about all the updates with 6.3. But I thought let's just have a sneak peek to see how styles or how the site editor will change so that you can see how styles will also find a new, or how styles can be used differently as well. So to do that, I'm just gonna activate the Gutenberg plugin. Now, of course, this is not set in stone yet. There might still be changes happening, but I just thought to get a feel for it. So now I've activated the Gutenberg plugin. Let's make... I'm just gonna activate the 2023 theme again, okay? And let's go to the site editor. And now you will see something different. You will actually see in your left sidebar now, you will see you've got the navigation block, you've got styles, you've got pages, you've got templates, you've got library. A lot of exciting things happening and coming up for WordPress. I think one of the main things that I wanted to do here was to bring everything to one place. Now, we don't have time to go into pages and library, et cetera, but I just wanted to show you that styles will still be available top right, as per usual, right? If you open your template, you can go to the styles icon and everything else will, you can go to style book, that will still stay the same, but you will also be able now to just change your styles from the left sidebar. So let's see how that works. So let's click on styles. The nice thing is I didn't have to open the template, go to the styles icon, everything was just right there at the click of a button. And now, of course, again, we can see our style changes here. If we click on edit styles, it will take us into the template and it will open up our usual sidebar on the right. And of course, you would have seen, you can also click on the style book from here and it will actually open your style book like this. And everything is actually on one page now. Now, as I mentioned, some of these things might still be updated or changed, but it will give you an idea of where, in which direction we are going with 6.3. So yeah, I just thought it's important to kind of show how styles will look and change a bit moving forward later in the year. Did you wanna say something here, Catherine, about 6.3 and the sidebar? Yeah, a couple of things. So there was a good question from Elisa about the library replacing the template library or the templates, what was called templates and template parts before. And the question is, do you know if it will contain more than that? So first of all, they're considering changing the word library to something else to avoid confusion with the media library. So it might actually not be called that. And it is going to contain, I don't know if you mentioned this, Wes, apologies, I was looking at the chat, focusing on the chat, but it will contain reusable blocks. So those will be in there. And I think patterns, some of the, yeah, patterns. I think that's maybe- Patterns, yes. Yeah, patterns as well, yeah. And they're talking about renaming reusable blocks to patterns as well. So there might be some name changes happening. So it could be just a heads up that it could be a little bit confusing. Once 6.3 comes out, you here have had a sneak peek. So just to be aware that names of things are still evolving and may change. There was another interesting question about that M had about, is there a way to save the different style versions so that you can go back to a past style if the recent changes don't work? And that's actually coming in 6.3 and we can see it now with Gutenberg 16. And do you wanna show it? I'm not sure if you're aware of it, I can show you where it is. I just noticed this. No, yeah, yeah, I haven't heard of it. So yeah, show me. Okay, so maybe make a style change and save it. So like maybe choose one of these style variations and save it if that's okay. And then we'll see, yeah, and then save that. Okay, so now I've made the change. Yeah, click save at the bottom left. Save. Yep, and now click anywhere on the right hand preview and click the three dots or the famous kebab menu, the one, yeah, that one. Click, hmm. I don't have the beta tester. I don't have the beta tester. It's just Gutenberg plugin. Do you have Gutenberg 16 running? So I've got it running on my test site. That's weird that you don't see that. Okay, well, that's, in mine, it's below the word welcome guide. Okay, let me check if I've updated. I think I've updated. Actually, I think this plugin updated, installed plugin 16.1.0. Okay, I'm not sure. Things are evolving. Maybe they took it out. It's possible they took it out. I'm still running 16 on my test site, but it's, so what I'm seeing is under additional CSS, it says, I didn't see additional CSS on yours either. Maybe they've moved both of those things. Maybe. Yeah. In any case, that is a feature that's been worked on and whether or not they've now removed it. I don't know, but it is on the radar to answer your question. Well, now that you, yeah, sorry, go ahead. Oh no, I'm just looking at new questions that will come in. Yeah, no, Eliza just mentioned that it's not on hers either. Okay.  So that's actually, I don't know if you've shared your online workshop recording, but that is actually an online workshop Catherine did was how you can still use CSS in the site editor. Yeah, I've just dropped it in now. There's some other links I'm gonna drop in related to stuff we've been talking about as well. I'll drop those in. I'm now wondering if the revisions that I'm seeing are relating to the additional CSS panel only and maybe you had not ever added. Do you want to add just a piece of additional CSS and then? Well, on this site, I don't have the, on this test website, I don't have the Gutenberg plugin installed. And if I click on the kebab, you do have, but you are saying if I'm on year. Yeah, do you see additional CSS when you click back into there? Let's see. The other, the style menu first. Yeah. And then the three dots. Additional CSS. Yeah. Can you pop something in there and then save it? Just what would you like me to pop in? It just could be gobbledygook. I just want to see if it's going to create a revision. Yeah. And then save. Yeah. And save. And then now remove it and then save. And let's see if that generates revisions because maybe the revisions is only custom CSS revisions. It's not obvious to me. And now click the three little dots again. No. Okay. Well, maybe they removed it. Maybe it's not ready for prime time and they took it out. I don't know why I'm seeing it and you're not. But yeah, this is, this is actually something I wanted to just highlight as well. Of course, you have, you have the, you've got the, you've got free range to add additional CSS in the site editor. Yeah. And yeah, check out, I'm Catherine's online workshop if you, if you are interested to learn more. Okay. So we have four minutes left. I've basically gone through everything that I wanted to do. So I'm going to stop the recording there for us and then we can go ahead and listen to some more questions. So everyone, thank you for joining us today. We appreciate your time.


If you want to get on the ball more often, this video is for you and I have to start by saying it is extremely important that you get on the ball as often as possible.  You have to get on the ball more often.  If only they saw my great runs and gave me better service, then I would get the ball. If my coach wasn't playing me out of position, if I didn't have to play winger and I was more in the central midfield, then I would get on the ball more often. There may be some truth to these statements, but the reality is these are just excuses that are holding you back from getting on the ball more often. So let's move forward, but before we do, I have to say that it doesn't matter how many of my videos you watch. If you don't take the ideas and implement them, you will not improve. Some players are out there saying, I've watched all your videos and I'm not getting better. It doesn't matter how many videos you watch, what matters is the ideas that you take from these videos and implement them into your practices and games. So in your next game or your next practice, I want you to honestly ask yourself, did I do the things that you talked about in this video to get myself on the ball more often? I promise if you make these efforts, you will see the results. So let's get into it. The first thing you need to do if you want to get on the ball more often is understand that what you do when you do not have the ball will dictate how often you get on the ball. So I'll say that again, what you do when you don't have the ball, that's what's going to determine how often you get on the ball. A lot of us, we complain that we don't get on the ball enough, but if you analyzed our play, we're sitting in the same position, maybe we're playing full back here, maybe you're playing in the central midfielder here. And you're hiding behind players. When you're off the ball, I want you to always think about, where should I be right now to create a passing angle for my teammate? That can mean making a forward run, a forward run, that can mean supporting a play, giving little passing angles. Okay, always think about the guy on the ball, if he turns or if he gets his head up, am I available for the pass? Or am I cut off by whatever? Okay, if I'm playing in the back here, I still have to be thinking about, how can I be an option for him if he does get trapped? Don't react, so you want to be ahead of the play. If you know he's on the ball, you want to be ahead of the play. Okay, so what I mean by that is, if you're reacting, he gets trapped, he gets turned and because we were reacting, now he's turned and now we kind of make these angles for him and try to help him out. Okay, you want to anticipate that he may get in trouble. So before that even happens, we're already thinking about, where are these potential passing angles for the player on the ball? Okay, so think about your off the ball movement, be more active, cover more ground.  Okay, what you want to do is you want to be productive, you want to be efficient, you don't want to waste your runs, but if you know that there's open space and you should be into that space, then make the run. Okay, be honest with yourself, ask yourself, am I being lazy with my off the ball movement? So the next time you play, be a little more productive, work a little harder off the ball when you don't have it, make those runs, always create those passing angles, whether that's behind the ball or forward, ahead of the ball, but always think about where should I be when I don't have the ball off the ball movement. Okay, another thing that you can do, if you want to get more involved in the play, you want to get on the ball more often, is do more defending. Okay, a lot of us complain, yeah, I wish I was on the ball more often, but the truth is the opportunity to win the ball is there and you just stand there and watch your midfielder or just stand there and watch your defender do the defending, okay?  If you want to get on the ball more often, can you start pressing from the front? Can we win it up here? Now suddenly you're an opportunity to get on the ball more often.  Defending is a great opportunity for you to win the ball back for your team and get on the ball more often. I promise you, if you put more effort into your defending, the next time you play, think about how many passes can I intercept, how many tackles can I make, how many times can I nick the ball, how many times can I force my opponent to give up possession and make a mistake, then you'll get more involved in the play. Everyone thinks about, oh, I have five shots or I scored two goals, I may want assist, okay? But how many tackles did you make? How did you influence the game defensively as well as offensively? Even if you are an attacking player, okay? So think about adding some defending to your game, it's going to get you on the ball more often. Another thing I want to say is if you get on the ball and then you lose the ball, I've talked about this before, it's so important because it happens all the time. I still do this and players do this every time you play. You may have to admit to this yourself. Let's say you're this red player here and you took too long in the midfield and you lost possession of the ball and you made a mistake or the ball came to you and you had a bad first touch and it bounced off and you made a mistake. Most players in this situation, after they make that mistake, what happens? They don't want the ball anymore. They won't admit that, but they don't want the ball anymore. So when it is time to receive a pass, maybe in a tight area, they really don't want it. So maybe they don't make the run into that space or when they do, they're hesitant and they're already thinking about getting tackled or in the attacking third, a pass was played and they missed a chance. So the next time that opportunity comes, they don't make the run because they're scared they're going to get it again and miss the chance again. So if you make a mistake, you give the ball away, you miss a chance, you have a bad touch, you take too long and you know you made a mistake. The very next opportunity, you go and search for that ball. Give me that ball again. Have that mentality that it doesn't matter how many times I screw up, I want the ball again and again and again and again. Okay, so wanting the ball, desire to get on the ball is what's really going to get you on the ball more often. Okay, a lot of us say we want to get on the ball, but if you look at our movement, it's like hesitant, we just stay in the same spot all the time after we do make that mistake. Now suddenly we don't want it. If we do get it, we're just making simple passes rather than being direct, being productive, being confident with our play. Okay, so you have to have the ability to shake off mistakes quickly, especially if you want to be a top level player.  Give me that ball.  Thanks for watching this video. If you found it helpful, please remember to give me a like, a thumbs up, share this video on social media, subscribe. If you want to watch more videos, hit that bell notification and please remember, it doesn't matter how many videos you watch, what matters is how many ideas you take and implement into your own game.