Well welcome everyone to this panel which I think will be really interesting, the gender lens on energy investment and probably we have some of you here who are here because of the gender side and we have some of you who are here because of the energy side and hopefully at the end of the panel you'll all be satisfied one way or another. Maybe Jackie you can start and sort of set the stage for us and talk about what a gender lens on energy looks like, what we should be thinking about when we're taking that approach. Sure Nikki and I actually sort of like the energy lens on gender, like there could be some fun aspects to that as well, it does seem like there's a lot of energy around this conversation these days. Many of you have now heard me and I have heard people say it's only when you're tired of what you're saying that people are actually starting to hear it. So I will say one more time, when I think about gender lens, I mean a lens and not a screen, a lens and not a screen. I say that because when I have talked to people investing both in certain geographies and also in certain sectors like energy and I say a gender lens and they say well we wouldn't have anything to invest in. It's like no, no, no, no, this is not about saying oh we're going to you know if it isn't this and this and this that's out. This is about something that brings opportunities into focus. And put your lenses on and you start to see things that you might otherwise miss. Specifically in this case I can let people say look pretend you put glasses on and through one eye you were seeing the participation levels, the needs, the experiences and the leadership of women. And through the other side you were seeing participation level needs, experiences and leadership of men. And then start to take a look at where are those the same and where are those different and how does that relate to how you design your venture and so forth. So that's what I mean by a lens and we can go into very particular different lenses I think they'll get called out as we go but really a lens is a way to drive new opportunity. Well I think that's a perfect segue to one of the things that Catherine talked about when we were preparing for this panel we had a conversation and we were talking about what we each meant by this concept and Catherine who is the CEO of Solar Sister which is a company that's based in Uganda and actually a lot of different parts of East Africa that focuses on getting solar into the hands of poor women using women as as distributors the Avon Lady type of concept she said it's about and it's about intentionality the intentionality of of having women in this space so tell us what you meant by that Catherine so that everyone really understands how you do it yourself and how you think it makes a difference and what other people should be doing in a similar way. Thank you so much Solar Sister is a distribution using women entrepreneurs in rural Uganda to bring clean energy technologies to people who are currently living off the grid they're living lighting their homes with kerosene and we're providing them access to technologies to replace that kerosene with clean energy such as solar when we looked at our market of who in the household is our customer we realized it's the women who manage the energy in the household and so it's the women who are our customers and therefore Solar Sister before it was Solar Sister when we decided to create a distribution for clean energy technologies we realized in order to be most effective we're going to have to reach that woman and really be deliberate about creating an opportunity for her to access for her to make that decision and and let demand drive the sales and in order to do that we needed to create a pathway for her to be comfortable with new technology for her to find out about it and learn about it and we will leave when we looked at how clean energy technologies were currently being distributed it was often through a small electronic store in a village where you know you walk in and it's Florida ceiling electronic gadgety things and there's a guy standing there at the counter who really doesn't know too much about one or the other and so if you start asking questions about you know I would like some light for my home and start asking about products he even begins to get defensive and so it's a very difficult environment for the woman to find out more about the technology learn about what might work for her and so we created this woman's network of entrepreneurs to as you say very deliberately focus on the fact that if we're going to reach our customer and our customer is a woman then we have to have an avenue that works for her and learning about the technology from another woman who can she knows she trusts she's going to have a shared experience with and be able to say I use this technology at home and this is what it's done for me and my family and you can use it also and so I think being very deliberate about creating that space for women as customers and then also for creating for our entrepreneurs being very deliberate about recognizing that they need to have a certain space to learn about the technology themselves and to build this business well that that sort of segues into the to the to the area of the product itself so you know what what are these products that are being sold to the women are who are they being designed by and Leslie Silverthorn has a company that she's created called and Gaza design where she's she's an engineer so first of all she's a woman who is an engineer I think that I think as we learned earlier today that's a very small I think what is it they're 10% of all the engineers are women and so she's in the product design space and she's in the solar space I think you must be in a 1 percent all of your own Leslie but but when you're in the business of product design what does it mean to have a gender lens how do you look at products the design process differently the composition of the teams you know the way in which you test products what what is how do you do things differently looking through a gender lens yeah thank you so through a gender lens with product design I think one of the key components we have is really making sure that the team designing any specific service or product is really made up of a diverse gender you know cultural background and that's how the great ideas happen that's how you get you know people bringing just a diverse range of thoughts to the table which actually leads to some of the greatest innovations that have happened so our design team my background is in product design engineering but our design team definitely is a mixture of male and female and I think it's interesting because like Catherine said you know who's the customer for a lot of these energy products in the market and it's really the women who are using the products and I think this is a bit you know generalizing but in the design space I think it's the women designers that are really able to take a pretty holistic view of the customer and the product and the human-centered design process there's a word called empathy you guys might have really heard this word being tossed back and forth but how I think of empathy is really just the ability to step into your customer's shoes and understand their life and understand how they use a product and it's really important to design the product based on the needs of that user not not go in with any assumptions but just learn hand-in-hand with the user iterate on the product with the user and then just you know using this this term of empathy and then coming up with a product or a service based on just understanding your customer in energy space it's understanding how women use the product in a lot of cases so I'll just give you an example we were just talking to a lot of women in northern Tanzania and in northern Tanzania the women cook out of separate kitchen huts which are just pretty pretty simple five-foot round huts at times they're very small and they literally spend the majority of their day in these huts cooking and one of the the you know uses of solar lights that we were aiming for was women being able to cook with these solar lights where they might have been using kerosene lanterns before and so it was kind of a no-brainer yellow bring these solar lights and into their kitchen huts and cook with them and the women refused they said no this the solar light is a product that you know we paid a lot of money for we value there's no way I'm bringing in the dirty kitchen hut to cook by it so this this whole aspect of how we thought that you know women might use the product was completely shattered and and this is one you know example of empathy that we really shouldn't have and and ended up not imposing our own thoughts on how they would use the product and one more thought on that so a good designer not only are they engineering a product or a service but they're also thinking about how that product or service sells or is marketed to the customer and what I've seen a lot of times is that oftentimes it's the men who the man of the household who's making the ultimate purchasing decision but it's oftentimes the woman in the household who's using the product so how can you sort of you know appeal to to the women the household to sort of influence the man to ultimately make that purchasing decision and we're even seeing that one step further because we're a solar pays you go company meaning it's not only the upfront purchase decision of a product but they're also purchasing energy as often as a week at a time so it's also the purchasing decision of that energy chunk and so we're just starting to get all this data back about you know how how is the women influencing the man to make that purchasing decision and you know is it a guilt trip about the child being able to study at night or so it's just thinking about the whole marketing of a product as well. Well Ajaita Shah from Frontier Markets has a distribution company where she's actually spent a lot of time thinking about a number of these issues marketing to women and perceptions that men and women might have a product I remember one story that you told me about a particular light in India where it was just not selling and it wasn't a success and it was because the men thought it was too feminine which I thought was fascinating so if you can you know tell us some more give us some more examples about these kinds of gendered visions of products. Right sure so I think one of the fun things for me with Frontier Markets is that we spend time with just households getting to know them in and out because we always are trying to bring in new basket of products that would make sense for these households so it's not just a solar lantern but it might be you know a fox-like torch it might be a Pico home lighting system it might be a solar inverter system and so every time you're thinking about bringing these new products in you're constantly thinking about who that household individual is what their different roles are and how are they then thinking about the everyday use of these products right so you know a couple of examples but you know a fox light so a high beam fox light solar light is a focus light and this is a light that was demanded by all of our farmers and all of the farmers happen to be all men and and it wasn't that female weren't females weren't going into the field to do farm work it's just that culturally they would leave way before the sunset so that's the reason for why men were out there longer and so when when when men were out there longer they've required that high beam fox light torch and so that torch was a quick seller for every farmer male farmer that was in our in our in our market because they understood that product they identified with it and they knew the use immediately when we talk about so the irony is that when we actually talk about the solar lantern we actually do talk about it for during cooking but when we discuss it with women women that you have to discuss their frustration so their frustration for women is it's so annoying to have to keep you know a candle next to your stove and constantly have to get up to light a new candle because you have no sense of lighting and it takes a lot longer it's harder to see and you're definitely not keep a kerosene lantern next to you because you might burn yourself so that's when they're saying oh wow I can keep a light on top of my on top of my kitchen that would be perfect so I'm gonna keep it on top so it doesn't get near the mess so you hang the solar lantern versus keeping it right next to you a lot of things about talking to women about independence so freedom from having to go and charge their cell phones all the time by going to meant for it going to retail shop so this is another really interesting story but a lot of women don't own their cell phones right it's usually it's usually their husband's cell phone but once in a while they get the chance to keep the cell phone and they're so excited to like use that cell phone as much as possible because that's like the one day that they get it so when they've discharged that cell phone because they've used it the entire day they they really get scared that they're getting in trouble because their husband's coming back and being like why is my phone completely discharged so they run to the retail shop and because they don't have access to electricity so they run to the retail shop and they beg the retail guy to charge the phone for them and they'll pay him double the price to phone charge the phone because there's that sense of urgency so women have been actually wanting a solar mobile phone charger for themselves a lot more than the men have and it's such an interesting concept when you think about the role and what happens in terms of the day to day in Rajasthan specifically it's very different than the south right I mean Rajasthan super conservative and so you have to understand how you're supposed to be communicating to these women when you're supposed to be communicating to these women and what's going to be the different responses based on who's around right so we were talking about this earlier but you know if they're men around and you're trying to do a focus group about these products you're not going to get the women to respond but the second you get the men out of the room these women you know kind of take off their you know their their sorry covers and they essentially start really communicating with you and telling you about what they want and how they feel so you know I think that this is something that we look at and products marketing and sales like you know like was you was saying all the time and it's really exciting to see that you can't just identify women or men as women and men but you have to identify them as mothers as sisters as daughters as daughter-in-laws and what that role plays you know and and and also how that then interacts with like the male dynamic as well and so that's where product creation becomes really interesting well to segue to an airy and an airy patelle is with the UN year with with the United now I'm actually messing up my segue to you is with the United Nations Foundation and this is the UN year of sustainable energy and the UN Foundation has done an amazing job of promoting access to clean energy and in the course of that you and Richenda Van Luen who's leading this felt very strongly that there should be a gender component and that we should really be thinking about that the gender lens to for and clean energy in the context of the year so maybe you can tell us a little bit about the impetus for that and some of the initiatives that the UN year has has sort of promoted around this this area of gender and energy so the UN Foundation has the energy access practitioner network which is a global network of over 600 organizations and companies that work in this space so we have a pretty good eagle-eye view over the sector based on the data we get from different practitioners all around the world and what you would see in that that database is if 10% of engineers in the United States are women how many what percentage of engineers in India are women so it's a very male-driven space but at the same time 1.3 billion people in this world and need access to electricity and a little over half of that are women so it's really important to take into to take note in terms of investing in energy to have a gender lens as Jackie so eloquently put in the plenary session yesterday that investing in women actually needs a higher return and with the 1.3 billion person market that's a huge opportunity for for social enterprise and business and in new financial markets so the sustainable energy for all initiative rather than focusing specifically on gender as a method of increasing energy access it's a very cross-cutting issue we have to look at gender and all all all the silos of energy energy and agriculture because most farmers in the world are a woman energy and health because many hospitals don't have access to energy and women who are giving childbirth are doing it at night and it's extremely dangerous and is creating all kinds of health issues for women and energy is micro grids because using including women in that model for the villages to bring power but there's so many different aspects of energy access that needs to include the gender component and that's why it's so important to look at it through a lens and not at the screen as Jackie stated well Jackie you you are our expert on on all of these these these issues and maybe bring us an investor perspective you you've convened investors you know you you know the way in that investors think in this particular space in terms of energy what do you think investors should be thinking at you know particularly this issue of higher returns I should say I was chatting to an investor who happens to be a man earlier and I was telling him about this panel he's actually on a panel right now himself he said to me I really am bummed that I can't be there to listen because you know I was just chatting to Ross a village capital and he was telling me they did an analysis of their portfolio and the companies that are run by women are just doing what was it 12% better so give us some statistics as to why this makes this is not just something you should do from your heart it should be something you should do because it will actually make a difference to your pocketbook yeah so a couple different things so one I just want to say that I am in the company of esteemed experts here and and honored to be there be here and Richenda actually last year said to me as I was talking about gender lens investing she said Jackie I believe there will be more gender lens investing when there are more women doing the investing which was very interesting and put me again in this model of saying how do we get more women angels how do we empower more women philanthropists to start to feel like they can actually move money in this space what's happening there so short story on that at Socap in Amsterdam last year there was a wonderful angel network kind of practitioner mini session and it was a solar company and so little pitch and then how would angels talk to this company and it was a wonderful thing Suzanne be all God bless her stood up and said so I'd like to understand the gender diversity of your board for the solar company that was you know talking about how they were going to bring lighting to women and the wonderful brilliant entrepreneur said well our board is all men and and then he said nobody's ever asked that before and and so this is the aspect that you sort of go okay part of this for investors is starting to ask questions in an in an inquiry sort of way really no one's ever asked that before maybe we should start thinking about these things just both because gender diverse boards make stronger companies and also because in a space where gender diversity and especially women are such a huge part of creating impact how could you how can you not right and then that also goes from there through to the leadership of a company and what's happening not just with the CEO although I will say here you've got to look and say how is it that we are not completely supporting the women's CEO is in this space like how can we not but also throughout the whole ranks of the company what's happening how is it that there's a diverse workforce and and so forth I'll say I was talking with Kristen Hull who some of you may have seen yesterday up here and she had a wonderful perspective on this that I think more investors will start to come she said Jackie my passions are around sustainability and around social justice my strategy is around women so that was an interesting reframe for me you know that you could because I do have investors say to me well I'm I'm about the environment I'm not about women and so this reframe of like no actually you can't be about sustainability in a way that's actually going to work without also being about at least a gender lens and I would posit about women yeah I'm my company is very focused on the financing side how do we finance clean energy and water for end users many of whom are women and quite honestly we really have the women who are in the space here there aren't there there aren't a huge number of other companies led by women out there and these of course are delicious I mean amazing fantastic women but I would like to see more I want to see more women running companies who really have this focus and and more companies run by men that have a gender lens you know because many of their clients are women so I would love to find a way for us collectively to support these kinds of initiatives and just maybe maybe what we should do is open up the the room to questions or comments from people on on all of the things that you've heard and particularly on ideas about how we can make this a more gender-friendly space can I just say one thing before we start I think one of the reasons for why we've also though as women CEOs or you know like leaders and and looking at the energy space have been successful is because one of the things that all of us have been doing a lot more and we're just talking about this earlier was that we're collaborating a lot more you know we're creating a lot more networks and being more transparent about our work I mean you know Solar Sister and Frontier Markets have been tweeting with each other for like I think almost a year now about you know what we're doing because we're doing very similar work but in different in different countries you know when Angaza Design first came out with the product the first thing I did was start giving you design feedback for my customers you know and it's like I think that collaboration is something that we've been doing a lot more as women in the space and I've definitely noticed that you know building and getting stronger in the last couple of like years because you know when women for whatever reason work together we're not sitting here going oh your competition or this is gonna be you know this is information that's we need to sign an NDA for like you know we're very a lot more open and transparent to discuss that and then on the investment side we have folks like you that are actually taking this point to say that you know even if I can't invest in you I will find someone else that can invest in you and I think that's really important to kind of point out well does anyone have a comment or a question I can hardly see you actually are there any I there is a hand over there thank you can you hear me okay yeah no I I think it's very interesting when you're pointing out that when you bring up the idea of gender to people like you asked the composition of a board to see how many females were on the board and with somebody sort of stepped back and was shocked by it and thought well you know gee with it's all men in your right are especially when we're looking at energy access in the developing world where indeed as you point out most of your customers are women did you we do you receive pushback on the idea of adding more women to the board I mean because everything you're saying even though I'm a male I I totally resonate with the need to balance out our approach if for no other reason for expediency given the market that we're trying to to to access that we need the perspective of women to help balance out our approach when you finally sort of alert people to this new gender lens and the need for balance do you get pushback from from folks from from men probably more than two sides of that on the one hand no people will say yes we really do want to find women for our board and we can't find any and and then there is the question of both you know how many people have you asked and what what do you think actually qualifies a board member right right because it's a really fascinating thing to say what if you're working in energy in developing markets what's a powerful board is it a whole bunch of people who've been CEOs right before or is it a combination of different skill sets should you have someone who's been in product design should you have someone who understood you know that there's a aspect there so no I think that that people in general do embrace this question of a gender lens but then there's just the practicality of it and and the fact that you actually have to be deliberate and focus the other thing I'll bring up and I'd love to sort of ask the panelists is on the metric side of things I think that investors need to be asking more questions on on metrics and you know how gender differentiated data and that's hard for entrepreneurs on the one hand because it's more pressure on the other hand it really does demonstrate you know what what's happening and so forth so I have I have one anecdote from my previous life I worked in an organization called Women's World Banking which has spent a lot of time thinking about this issue and what we would do is we had we had a very broad network some of the organizations were led by by women the core network affiliate network and then we had a number of organizations that were led by men but that were leaders in the field of microfinance and what we did was we published data on a number of different things you know the number of clients they had the percentage of women and we published data on on the governance structure how many men and how many women there were on the board what percentage of the board was women at what percentage of the staff were women and I remember very early on a leading MFI I mean it was one of the biggest MFI's said to me because I was one of the people who was making sure this data got out there said to me well Nicky you know do we have to have the the book because they were doing really well on all the stats except for the board composition of women you know where it was I think it was like 3% I think they had you know they had a quite a large board and there was one woman or they had no no women maybe and I said yeah you know that's part of what we we promote as women's world bank can't we just leave that out do we have to do we have can't do we have to have that and within two years that organization had was up to 30% so it was it was just even making it visible which was I think to your point Catherine you know having just making it part of the conversation starts to shift behavior there was no penalty you weren't going to be thrown out or anything like that but you know people are competitive I want to be competitive on the number of clients I have and if this is another way in which I'm rated I want to be competitive on the number of women I have on my board but I think the thing that is most persuasive is if at the end of the day you know true to all the data that you've shown Jackie businesses are more profitable if they have diverse boards diverse staff if they have you know if they have a woman centered a woman cognizant woman centered approach that you don't really need to have more of a conversation than that if it's if that's what people care about but to your point on metrics I mean I think that it's it's not about whether we should be forced to look at you know women metrics versus male metrics it's just that there's there's got to be to me it's always been about a business sense right and so when I'm looking at you know what what has been the trend of women female purposes it's important to understand that based on what my actual value at as a business is because if I don't understand 50 percent of my market then I'm not gonna be a successful business but then also to track that impact because the use is different like you know the amount of kerosene being used by women versus a man depending on what she's using it for versus what he's using it for makes me have to measure impact metrics differently based on gender because of that reason and also generally thinking about even the purpose of a board it's not that it should be that oh you have to have women on your board but it's you understand the value add of having certain types of personalities or certain types of functionalities on your board which actually makes you a much more you know successful company as a whole right and I think that's kind of the direction that it should be going into you have a question here have a follow-on question right into that I guess in the US and other Western countries like women have that purchasing power and that say and in the finances to back up the the economics of it can you talk a little bit about each of your markets and how that dynamic plays out when they don't might not have the same amount of financial power and in the house so I can talk a little bit about in our market is in East Africa and Uganda specifically and I think most people assume that all financial decisions are made by the men in the household but it's not really true because what we're talking about are capital expenditures probably are and when you're talking about installing a large home system or making a big capital expenditure it's it's going to be made you know certainly as a family and most often by the man but when we're talking about daily purchases and and that's really what we're talking about in at the level of what we're doing is we're you know selling small solar lamps that are replacing the purchase of kerosene and that is something that the woman manages she manages her household budget and even if she has to go to the man to get approval for making a larger expenditure she's going to have to be the one who initiates that the husband is not going to sit back and think about oh wouldn't it be great for my wife to have this cleaner light you know she's got to be the one who goes to him and kind of points out you know I use the smoky light every day it's you know I'm coughing our children aren't studying yeah we could improve our family life with this new technology and so I think it's it's both women do have more purchase power than people realize and they have more purchase influence certainly than people realize really been surprising each time I got into the market and talk with customers and I'm just absolutely delighted by the fact that I think gender roles are really just getting flipped on their head you know I see men all the time maybe their their wife has died and they're really taking care of maybe five children and they're taking on such a traditional women's world by just putting priority to education making sure they can replace kerosene with a solar light to so their children aren't inhaling toxic fumes and they can study and then I see women who particularly in the with our pay-as-you-go system the women are stepping up and actually helping their neighbors top up their lights and add energy to their lights each week and you know that that kind of initiative that kind of independence to just you know help the village make these these weekly purchasing decisions too I just see the traditional gender roles not really holding up many times I don't know if that's necessarily true for India I think it depends on what part of the country you're in so if you're in the north there are a lot of really traditional gender roles that exist you know women aren't really making the purchasing decisions for most things there because the men tend to really take on that I'm responsible for the home I'm responsible for the income and so I get to make the decisions but the men in in in that space are a lot more sensitive to their responsibility of being a good husband and being a good father so you talk about you know having your wife be more comfortable or having your children you know educated and they actually are more susceptible to that whereas in the south it's the exact opposite I mean men are really we used to call them male male dud syndrome because they literally were just not involved in anything responsible and so women took on that role of really taking on the leadership role of that house and so she was actually the more active aggressive one making most of the purchasing decisions so she was involved in that and then if they don't have purchasing power if they don't have enough money what I've noticed and I think it goes along to what you're talking about in terms of helping top-ups but like we found this that women tend to help each other out more to cover the cost of a light or they might buy it in group they might do like some sort of group purchasing dynamics if we started doing a lot more interesting financial modeling based on the dynamics of women yes yeah thanks very much I'm for a great panel a great theme and great phrase gender lens I work with the world food program we talk about enhanced commitments to women but gender lenses a much easier way of saying it so thanks your last comments are just starting to get at my question we in the the energy area that you're looking at right now have been looking at women in agriculture and aware of just simple things like so many of our beneficiaries are women who are farmers who spend inordinate amount of time pounding out grain and so we look at things like grinders for the home so that we're reducing the amount of time they're doing it and we're looking at the role that they're playing in the agricultural production itself in both of these areas and in many others we're recognizing that we're not sure if we're recognizing we're starting to think about well instead of having a grinder in every home wouldn't it be smarter to have an entrepreneur in the in the village and and people go there or rather than having you know individual family tractors and so on some some other sort of more public works or publicly owned kind of scheme to address the these energy challenges I wonder the examples that you've all cited in your business seem to be household oriented gender lens and I'm wondering if there's a change in gender lens when you think about something which is just a little bit up the scale which is not household level it's more community level village or level approaches to energy solutions and how to look at those through the gender lens one of the things that we see is at the community level there is a really strong tradition of women's community groups and that they are such a natural resource to tap into for distribution of the types of activities you're talking about they do work together beautifully we see them come together and form these savings and loans groups and purchase kind of collectively purchase power groups so that they can provide you know service products for their entire group and it's a very efficient and beautiful way for them to access really financing at the most low low cost way because they're not charging each other interest and there's this incredible sense of community support that I think you know would be very appropriate for tapping into for the for the type of activities you're talking about just there's there's so I think the reason why we're talking more about household and not I guess on community level because there's also this sense of ownership that exists in terms of the products that we're talking about in terms of the energy space right there's this personal utility but then there's also commercial utility utility and I think that in in Rajasthan specifically I've actually been challenging this notion of using community models because generally utility has been something that people have not liked because there's it's it's not been reliable right so access to electricity has not been reliable and so I tend to always hear people telling me about how they want to be free of this ongoing commitment and they just want to have independence and have ownership and so that to me has become a little difficult to understand that on a community level play and generally speaking people will come together to insist on you know the local government getting street lights but they won't pitch in for that so I'm and we've seen a lot of sun charging stations come come in like come in this these were government initiatives where there were these sun charging stations that technically everyone would then bring their products to and charge but they haven't been successful so I'm finding it actually hard to even not even on a gender perspective on a community perspective to try to understand why it's not working at least where I'm operating well I think I think there are situations where it doesn't work in situations where it works where my organization happens to work in Afghanistan which is you know from a gender lens perspective I think the lens is very tricky there but there are traditional financing mechanisms that have existed since Alexander the Great's time where the community will pay the things it wants so for example fixing the mosque or paying the Mullah salary sometimes you know sometimes paying for the school that needs to be something that has to something to do with the school paying for generators so they'll pay for generators they'll pay sometimes to keep the wells functioning to fix something with the wealth but it's really it's very unpredictable what they will choose to pay for and what they choose to pay for has everything to do with the way the Shura system works and the way in which the community is motivated and inevitably the things that will get paid for are the things everyone can agree on like the mosque and the Mullah salary you know and and one of the interesting things in talking to villages there we were able to do focus groups actually with women and men the women who were widows whose husbands who had been Mohajideen fighters and who were who didn't have power in the Shura complained that their viewpoint was not being embraced enough by the Shura and that they had to fight very hard to get their perspective listened to and that they were you know they were sort of marginalized which is not surprising but some of them were actually very persistent and very very how can I say persuasive and they were able to have things that they cared for shifted like for example fixing the well outside their house which was for a small group of people was was paid for by by a local Shura member so I think it I think it's different in different contexts in some places the kinds of things that you're talking about are funded and women are at least the beneficiaries of it if they're if you know often they're pushing for it and sometimes it takes a long time for that viewpoint to to actually be be advanced and sort of implemented in a way that that's meaningful any other questions the energy access space tends to look at women as beneficiaries of energy but we really have to stress gender along with the entire supply chain yeah and so when we talk about you know involving the community a large part of it is having that community buy-in and targeting those influential leaders which typically tend to be men but what about the influential women in the community exactly why not be deliberate and look at those because there are definitely socialites in villages that have a lot of power just like the the men in the village do so just being deliberate along on the entire supply chain of of the system and to your point the wife of the mullah is a very powerful person even in a place like Afghanistan um do we have other questions in addition to along the entire supply chain bringing it back to um women on the investment side making sure that we are um women aren't just beneficiaries and they're not just supply chain but they are also owners and investments and you know we we invest really in women entrepreneurs at a very grassroots level but then when I look at that sort of pull back and say well you know we want those women entrepreneurs to grow not just to be small little cute entrepreneurs but to grow up to be businesses and we want those businesses to attract capital and um to take a look at why should somebody invest in a woman business a woman owned business at that level a small or medium-sized business doesn't matter at all that she's a woman and I think it still does I think in order to um to get the kind of engagement throughout society of women as um as you know beneficiaries as entrepreneurs and as business owners as investors you know we we need to very very um deliberately and intentionally encourage all of that all of that activity well and and I mean I'm sorry I I initiated the word beneficiary I take it completely back women in Afghanistan unfortunately it ends up being like that but women as customers as consumers you know as active participants in as much as it makes as we need to be moving in that direction even in some of these very challenging contexts so yeah absolutely we had a question over here um it sounds like it I totally understand the importance of having women as leaders of these organizations especially when females are and have a lot of purchasing power I'm curious how in each of your organizations you prevent the lens from becoming too much of a screen um to your point earlier have you ever struggled with making sure that um you have a diverse board that has you know both male empathy we do have uh both male and female board and um we even have um males working with solar sister we have solar brothers and um some of our entrepreneurs as well but I think it it's still our our primary motivation is to um to make sure that women are having that space to participate in the energy sector at at a very um real and hands-on way um we have a mixed board and a lot of our field staff actually are men and a lot of our franchisees are also men because they are actually there's a brick-and-mortar shop that they're managing for us it's not been about making sure they're all men or all women it's about understanding the dynamic that plays between the male and the women so like a lot of our franchisees wives are the influencers and they're like throwing these parties in their homes and they're actually creating they're creating another income-generating activity because we realize in our space women tend to do much better job marketing and gathering and not selling specifically um so I think and then even our field staff the men field staff are there because they can stay at night later to do light demos because at night that's when you can actually see the efforts of your solar lights women for um in our situation it's not safe so they outside women cannot stay running around in villages and trying to manage franchisees and so it's just about being sensitive as to what the role is what the capacity is and what the dynamic is um and that's how we kind of look at gender lens and prevent it from being a screen. Leslie? Yeah I mean I think we actually um I wish we looked at everything through gender lens more often um we have more male investors we have more male mentors and advisors and you know I wish it were a bit more balanced um traditionally we're not a company that is you know marketing specifically to women selling specifically to women um you know we're a pays you go technology development company um and oftentimes you know the majority of the people we want to hire are men because they're the engineers that we're reaching out to to get that talent um you know great if we can find the 10 percent women engineers out there but um it's not a reality all the time so I think it's it's definitely not a screen for us it's it's something we're just trying to balance out every day. My my organization has women and men on the board women and men who are staff women and male led organizations we invest in one of the things that we try to do is in our investments make sure that we are capturing gender data in a way that's meaningful so looking at the impact on women trying to see whether the companies if the companies you know to the question that you were raising earlier if the companies aren't naturally seeing that there may be a differential impact on men and women having some of those conversations so we're trying to be very even-handed uh and I would love to have panels where I'm not the only woman on the panel this is such a fantastic panel to be on because I'm the only woman they can roll out in the gender space gender sort of whatever in the energy space relating to to gender so I think we need more companies that do have an overly woman-centered perspective given all of that evenness that I was talking about earlier um other questions or comments this is a relatively new way of looking at things the one thing I'm familiar with is barefoot college uh I was wondering if you could comment on what you know about it whether it's a really leading edge model or is it have problems there there are a number of organizations particularly in southeast asia that have really looked at women as sort of as entrepreneurs and sort of as part of the distribution system which is what the barefoot college does you know another example that stands out in the energy space is Grumine Shakti where um all of the install all of I think all of the installers actually and the technicians are women so this is so if we if we think about you as I don't know whether they would even think about themselves as engineers but arguably they're in that engineering space and this is really very very many women who are who are building businesses and who are providing service and maintenance which is key for Grumine Shakti in having their model work so I think it's a I think it's a very important perspective uh Deepal Bharua who is the person who started Grumine Shakti has started an organization called the Bright Green Energy Foundation where it's specifically about creating opportunities for women as solar entrepreneurs he sees he wants to have I think he has a very large 100 million he wanted to have 100 million solar systems in Bangladesh run by and maintained by women uh which would be fantastic so you know those kinds of models I think are really interesting models I don't know if anyone I think the real genius of what barefoot college did was they looked at what what is it that um they removed a barrier that allowed women to participate and that barrier was that they that you have to be literate in order to go on to this engineering school and they said you don't need to be literate engineering is you know the engineering that they're teaching is all hands-on kind of stuff so by removing that barrier of literacy and saying we can take these women on even if they are illiterate it opened up the door for a lot of women to be able to participate in something that had traditionally been male and I see that in the same ways if you look at um being a shopkeeper often being a shopkeeper owning a store keeping it open late at night and thinking that that is the only way you can distribute products is through shops that means that somebody has to go and be at the shop from early in the morning to late at night well that by itself pretty much precludes women from being participants because women have children at home they have husbands to cook for they have so many other family responsibilities that are not going to be lifted from their shoulders and so thinking that the only way you can distribute the only way you can participate in this market is by becoming a shopkeeper means you are excluding women you're not even thinking you're doing it but you're excluding women and so if you take a look at some of those um sort of unconscious barriers that get put up for women's participation and remove those obstacles and then it opens up the way for women to participate and I really think that that that's what Barefoot College did so brilliantly is removing that obstacle and then it's just to open up the way for women to participate. I mean Shepi business model I know it's different from Barefoot College but one of the brilliant business pieces of that is that a rural Bangladeshi woman at home it's unacceptable for her to open the door to let a male technician install a solar home system on top of her house so training women's solar electricians um overcomes that obstacle and then allows for easier installations and then increases the business. So it makes business sense back to your point I just you're gonna make profit on that model. I love that I will be using that story. I think the key just is to understand your landscape understand the kind of women what motivates them and then really trying to figure out how that fits into your model right. I mean it worked in Thelonia really well but like I mean they haven't been able to scale that there are Rajasthan for other reasons right but in the south there are a lot of models like that that work really well so it's really about just trying to understand what works where well and and then and then implement that and it comes back to what what Catherine was saying earlier it's it's an intent it's intentionality there's an intentional aspect to this which I think for me is very powerful and very successful at the end of the day. Do we have we run out of time the clock is very interesting here it's moving forward and backwards I feel like we're we're we're sort of time traveling but let's pretend I mean it's giving us a couple of extra minutes if anyone has any more questions I can't see if there are any others here yes yes exactly this is so exciting don't you love that we're getting extra time on gender which is so fantastic within energy and and beyond I'm wondering if you could speak to intergenerational dynamics or trends that you're seeing with the gender lens I'd love to start on that it's actually really exciting so I think that so so there's a role that the mother-in-law plays which is so interesting to me versus the role that the daughter plays versus the daughter-in-law versus like the the five-year-old the seven-year-old daughter okay and and and it's it's it's all different layers of excitement so a mother-in-law what I'm seeing is if she likes the products and she understands solar she kind of gives her bindi which is her daughter-in-law like the signal because she's had some education to go and start helping her husband and that's really revolutionary to like see a Rajasthani woman like mother-in-law a Rajasthani mother-in-law saying yes to let her daughter in a rural village go out and start working we're also seeing a lot more excitement on the younger generation side so these girls that are like 15 16 years old and can't go to school anymore but they're at home they're like they're getting frustrated and they're seeing this movement in the in rural villages and they're saying we want to step up you know we want to get involved and so a lot of a lot of the children that are getting educated are again getting excited to get access to solar because it's giving them an opportunity to learn more so they're forcing their parents to come and listen to marketing activities so you're seeing a lot more interesting involvement in terms of the different roles and the different types of mentalities that you're seeing in energy or in in what we're trying to do on the ground and and I think that it's interesting to see the different age groups that actually then get involved in that I think your question's interesting even from from the perspectives of each of us individually um energy is an aspirational thing if you don't have it you want it for yourselves you want it for your children you want it for your grandchildren and you know I think about my grandmother who had she's Italian was Italian she had seven children and during world war two she washed the clothes of all of those children by hand in northern Italy because that's what you had to do and you know when she got a washing machine her life changed she could do all sorts of things it takes a lot of time to wash the clothes of seven children and so we're seeing that kind of and many of us I think had grandmothers and great-grandmothers who were doing a similar thing their lives were occupied doing these kinds of menial tasks that not having access to energy kind of captured them in now those shifts that happened to our foremothers are happening in the developing world through access to energy and I think I think we should all remember we're not that far away you know for me I can actually remember my grandmother telling me those stories that's just that's you know two generations away um and I'm sure many of you have similar kinds of stories even in your own families also I think it's interesting to note too that I think a current statistic from ILO is that 75% of Africa is under the age of 25 and if we're going to meet the 2030 goal of energy access for all all of the young people today in Africa will technically have electricity by the time they reach adulthood so it's really important too to think about the demographic kind of changes that will occur will those younger people start having less children are they going to live longer because of access to health care and all these different things that feed in from access to energy so like I love that question because it pulls into it pulls makes energy a bigger development um question and I'll share one anecdote which is um we in training our entrepreneurs we had a training session and all the you know the ladies came and they got the training and we go back a month later and and do the follow-up and one of the women stepped up and she was an older woman and her name's Francis and she said you know when I came to this training I looked around and I saw these young ladies and I thought oh you know this is a business this is a business for young ladies you know I can't do this because I'm a grandmother and she said but I gave it a try and I took you know the systems and I and I actually sold some and I was earned some money and I was quite you know she was actually quite successful and she said and and now I know that this is a business that even grandmothers can do and she stood up and she was so proud and it was really hot yeah it was great I think one comment on the training aspect too which we've seen which I've loved is um the so we have a mobile money component of just adding energy to a light that the family has to send a mobile money payment and oftentimes it's the children when I say children I mean like um you know 10 to 20 years old um using who have used mobile money in the past so the parents um are just immediately handing the product to the child and just saying you know I'm designating you as the person in the household to add energy you know whether it's a female child or a male child it's it's the youth that really just catch on like that so if we want to train people really quickly we find the 10 to 20 year old within the household so my my perspective on this came more from the investor side of things where I will say um we I'm very encouraged with the next generation um asking questions about where their investments are going and so you're seeing a lot of that in sustainable investing in general but the next gen um family members saying I don't want to be part of the foundation unless I start to get to have some control and I start to get to you know say where the investment's going and then you you know cross that with their interest in sustainability and then see previous conversation about you can't be interested in sustainability without being interested in gender lens and it all comes out quite nicely well I think I think the clock has actually run out on us is that right I don't think we can claim any more minutes from the clock so on that lovely note thanks to all of you for being fantastic and all of you who are investors you should be investing in these lovely ladies because they're all running fantastic businesses and and for those of you who are entrepreneurs in this space come and let us know because we need more of you to be able to support in the future so thanks to all of you for being here


Welcome to ToffeeTV, it is my three things from Brighton and Hove Albion 1, Everton 5. Ah, sounds fantastic to say that a huge, huge win for Everton on the south coast. Only one, two away games this season, both on the south coast. And a tremendous, tremendous win tonight. Yeah, get straight into it. First thing I want to talk about is Nathan Patterson, who was brilliant tonight. First 15 minutes up against one of the best wire players in the Premier League at the moment in Matoma. Absolutely fantastic. And Matoma gave him a tough time in the opening, 15 minutes to make no mistake about it. But Patterson grew into the game, realised, you know, he had to be right on his toes against Matoma. Just got better and better and better as it went on. Got forward, supported the attacks when he did, covered the back post where they were trying to double up on him. And I thought he was brilliant and, you know, Seamus Coleman has been fantastic this season for Everton. And Patterson's had, you know, spell out the team through injury. He was out for quite a bit through injuries, had two separate injuries this season. Because he did, I mean, people may forget, but he did start the season brilliantly for Everton. And we were all gutted when he got injured on International Duty for Scotland. But Coleman came in as being brilliant and it will be a huge miss. But Patterson is our right back. He's the next, you know, the new era. And Seamus welcome that, I think. And for him to come on at least the other night for Coleman and do so well, grew into that one. And then today up against, like I've just said, up against a fantastic wire player in Matoma. He's had a brilliant game as that went on, defensively excellent. And like I said, you just need a little bit more out of him going forward. Just his deliveries, take a little bit of care with his deliveries. But for me, I'm absolutely made up for him because he represents the future. We won as Evertonians. I think certainly I do. I speak for myself, nobody else. I want a fast, young Evans side vibrant that can compete, get up and down the pitch. He is someone who I think can do that for us. So I'm absolutely made up tonight that he's put in a performance like that. We've won the game. It was a huge game for Everton tonight. It's a big, big game against a really good side. Tough opposition, a team that will finish in Europe. A team that just beat, you know, Wolves 6-0.  These are a good football.   And it swings it back in our 5. And what we do with that, that's up to us really. We can't control what others are doing, but that has given us a huge boost and Paterson fantastic tonight. I think he'll put a marker down there for Sean Dyche to go, actually this kid is further along than what I thought. So made up for him. Second thing on the top out is Yeri Mina.  Strange I think. Very, very weird. And I think there's ones who maybe just don't understand about defending. Maybe I don't know because I don't know how you could watch him and not think he's a good defender. And there's ones who I think give him a stick because they're frustrated with him. They're so frustrated that he's so, seems to be so fragile. But Everton in that situation, now it's very much game by game. And I get you can't plan with Yeri Mina because you never know when he's going to break down. But if he's fit and ready, you're playing because he's still the best defender we have. Tarkovsky had a good game tonight, but he had an easier game because he was alongside Yeri Mina. Mina, Paterson talking in through the game. He's aggressive in terms of going and winning headers. He's aggressive bullying people. He's a threat in both penalty areas off set pieces. And he's got a great blocking tonight at 3-0. It's going in, a beating pick for that shot. He puts his head on it. And I think he always wants to do well for Everton. I don't think Yeri Mina isn't someone who's hard. He wants to play all the time. His body's letting down. So I'm delighted that the manager has took out Michael Key and it was becoming an issue, totally and utterly out of form. Goals, giving goals away. And the manager's took him out. You know, a question she won't date us to whether he would do that. But he has, so fair play to him. Deserves a pat on the back for that. But he's put Mina in. And Mina's come in tonight and has been excellent for Everton. Absolutely man mountain of a performance. And that's what you need. That's exactly what we needed. We needed people who were going to go and stand up and be counted tonight. And he's gone and done that. And he's brought other people with him. You know, we talked about Job and Pickford in the mat reaction. Pickford fantastic tonight. And they're the characters you need in there. We know Tarkovsky's a good character. He's solid. He'll throw his face in the way his shots. He'll get blocks in. We need all of that at the moment in that back five. That's what we need. So if we're going to somehow survive this, then that's what we need. Mina is a big part. He's here. He won't get another contract. He'll be leaving the club in the summer. But he's still an excellent, excellent centre back for us. And while he's fit, we have to play him. He's played him tonight. We've seen the results of it. 5-1 against the team that scores goals for fun.  He's been brilliant. And Everton won the game. And I'm absolutely made off for him. Because like I said, if he could stay fit, there wouldn't even be any debate about whether he was our best centre back. There'd never be a question. I honestly believe if he'd been fifth for most of his Everton, create Everton would have been so much better. Or someone would have come and bought him from us. So made up that he's in the side tonight. Made up we've won the game. And it's given us a chance. So I'm made up that he's made that call. Because it's really helped us tonight. Third thing I'm going to talk about is Dominic Calvert-Lewan. I was going to talk with the Evertonians. Dave was sensational again tonight. And I made up for every one of them who have gone down there on a day when it's raining.  And they're there singing and dancing. They deserve that. They've travelled the length and breadth of the country. And I haven't seen anything really. I've seen a Buena Saltance in back in October. October the first. I think it was the God that he was today. Sensational. And I hope they all have a tremendous journey home. But the third thing I'm going to mention is Dominic Calvert-Lewan. People try to tell you he's not important, or Everton. People have tried to tell me many times on these reactions in the comments when I've said hopefully Dom can be back. Forget about him. I don't know why you're even mentioning him. He's no better. He's this. He's a championship striker. He's never fit. He doesn't want to know. He was fantastic again tonight. It just shows you how important he is. If we'd have had him this season, he wouldn't be in any danger. I don't believe at all. Everton would be mid-table comfortably if we'd have had Calvert-Lewan all season. We haven't had him.  And that's, I think, Sean Dight and his medical team and Dom and everyone else. He's gone back in when he's ready to help when he's fit. And he looks tremendous. He looks tremendous tonight. The 10 to get away the assist for the first goal sensational. He was a threat all night winning things. Just pity he couldn't get himself a goal. But he was brilliant. He led the line brilliantly against Leicester. He led the line even better tonight. And I still think he's going to have a Crystal Palace moment again before the end of the season. He's going to come up with a big, big goal and gives us the next win and keeps us in the Premier League because he is that important to us. Just brilliant. Brilliant to have him back. And it shows you that having him and having a real good centre forward at the top end of the pitch transforms this team. Look at Dwight McNeill. He's got even better since Dom's got in the team because Dom's pulling people out of position. He's knocking people. You can knock it in through him. He's adding it. He's winning it. He's taking it on his chest. He's backing in. Fantastic centre forward. Like Lincoln up with Decore. How well he's got an option. Michelin, Colin Patterson in wide area. He's got something to hit in the middle. He was brilliant tonight. Absolutely brilliant. And that's what we've needed and that's what we've missed. That's why I was hanging my hat on him coming back and thinking if we can get him back if we can get a couple of big goals for us it could be the difference. Three games to go and I think he's going to score at least one more goal and I think it's going to be a big goal. I'm delighted he's back and he was brilliant tonight and played his part. So there you go. That's my three things. I may even have one beer tonight. Maybe. Just maybe to celebrate. It's tremendous. Five, one, yes. Five, one away victory forever. That is it from me. Thank you very much for watching. Subscribe if you haven't to the channel. It means a lot. Give the video a thumbs up and enjoy the rest of your night. Thanks for watching. See you later.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we discussed the following question which says proves that the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle. The second part of the question says in triangle PQR, the bisector of angle Q needs PR at S, a line Tt dash parallel to PR needs PQ, QS and QR at T, O and T dash respectively. Show that TO multiplied by QT dash is equal to T dash O multiplied by QT. Before we move on to the solution, let's recall one result which says that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. This is the key idea that we use for this question. Now let's see the solution. First let's try to prove the first part of the question in which we have to prove that the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle. For this, let's consider this triangle PQR. So we are given a triangle PQR in which this Pt is the bisector of angle P. That is we have angle 1 is equal to angle 2. We need to prove that the internal bisector Pt of the angle P of triangle PQR divides the opposite side QR internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle P. That is we need to prove that QT upon TR is equal to PQ upon PR. For this we need to do some construction. So we draw RT dash parallel to TP meeting QP produced at T dash. So as you can see we have drawn RT dash parallel to TP. Now since we have RT dash is parallel to TP. This means angle 2 is equal to angle 3 since they are the alternate interior angles and also we have angle 1 is equal to angle 4 as they are the corresponding angles. But we also have angle 1 is equal to angle 2 since Pt is the bisector of angle P. So therefore we get angle 3 is equal to angle 4. Now in triangle PR T dash angle 3 is equal to angle 4. So this means PR is equal to Pt dash since we know that in a triangle sides opposite equal angles are equal. Now in triangle QT dash R we have Pt is parallel to T dash R and we have a result which says that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides and distinct points then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. So in triangle QT dash R Pt is parallel to T dash R. So therefore we have QT upon TR is equal to QP upon Pt dash. Now since PR is equal to Pt dash therefore we get QT upon TR is equal to QP or you can say PQ upon PR. So we were supposed to prove this and so hence proved. See the second part of the question in which we have that in triangle PQR the bisector of angle Q meets PR at S. So in this figure we have a triangle PQR the bisector of angle Q meets PR at the point S and a line T T dash is parallel to PR and it meets PQ QS and QR at T O and T dash respectively. We need to show that TO multiplied by QT dash is equal to T dash O multiplied by QT. So in this part of the question we are given a triangle PQR and we are given that QS is the bisector of angle Q. We also have that T T dash is parallel to PR. We need to show TO multiplied by QT dash is equal to T dash O multiplied by QT. Now as you know that in triangle PQR QS is the internal bisector of angle Q. So you can say that QO is the internal bisector of angle Q of triangle PQT dash. Now using this above result that we have just proved it says that the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle. We can say that as QO is the internal bisector of angle Q for triangle TQT dash TO upon T dash O is equal to QT upon QT dash. So now cross multiplying we get TO multiplied by QT dash is equal to QT multiplied by T dash O. And we were supposed to prove this only that is TO multiplied by QT dash is equal to T dash O multiplied by QT. So hence proved this completes our session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Bro, she does not chill. Okay, I'm actually at 30% on the generator. Oh my God, what is that? Okay, so apparently weird strict dad started a weird trend on Roblox. Now we have all these weird strict grandma, strict grandpa, I believe, and now the weird strange librarian. Now, will we survive this weird strange librarian? I don't freaking know, but let's go ahead and read the description. It says, you visit a public library late at night to study over an upcoming exam. Seems to be going normal. However, this doesn't last for very long. Oh my God, okay.  Sweet. That sounds like a pretty normal Roblox game to me. All right, woohoo. Let's begin. Look at us. We're studying so hard in this computer right now. Don't bother me. I'm studying super hard. Okay, so the game has begun. Oh, cool. We're actually in a car. Oh, we're pulling up to the Roblox public library and it is 11pm. What a strange time for a library to be opened. What time do libraries stay open, bro? I haven't been to a library in a very long time. Okay, go inside the library. Uh, okay, there you go. I'm like, are the doors supposed to open or something? Oh my God. Look at her. She got the hair on her rolls and everything. She definitely lives in the library, bro. Okay, talk to the librarian. I can't see her, but okay. Hello, welcome to the library. Hello there, librarian. Do you have a name? Explore the library or read a book or something. I don't know. But make sure not to be loud or I'll be angry. Oh my God. Why is it red? I believe she's already angry. What should we name her? I don't know, man. She looks like a birth of the me, birth of the librarian. There you go. Oh, we got the oxygen up there. Okay, get your favorite book. Okay, see like a exclamation point over here. Okay, so I'm not sure we're supposed to do like very similar activities to what we're doing. We're strict dad where we power up the generator and all that nonsense. I believe we might have to do the same here. Okay, see, oh, there you go. That's what I'm talking about. We still generator with the gas cans. And we do only have four of them. So we got to use them very crucially. Okay, oh, that is one giant book. Dude, that's a freaking brick. That's not even a book anymore. Okay, oh, okay, let's not read just yet. Let's go to the table. Sit down and read the book. Okay, bro, I'm trying. I'm trying to sit down. Okay, there you go. Okay, once upon a time, there was a legend named Starco Realistic G. Hey, that's me, man. He was the coolest kid in school and everyone praised him. He had a pet rock named Rocky and he went on. Okay, dang. Apparently I reached it slow. Hi, welcome to the, oh, wait, what? She just got possessed. Oh, heck no, bro. Survive until six AM. Bro, I did not finish my story. Okay, sound. Be careful when you, be careful with how loud you are. Hunger, fine food, replenish your hunger. Ventilation, refill the generator. Ventilation when it's at zero out of 100. Librarian, use the bookshelves to help you lose the librarian. Bro, so we're actually going to be like roaming around, trying to survive the librarian. Okay, this is a little different because you don't have a room like in We're Straight Dad. And we do have to keep, we do have to find food on the tables and whatnot. Okay, what are you even doing the library, bro? Like, like I said, I haven't been, oh, it's getting dark. Oh, that is not good. Why are the lights flickering? Oh my God. Yo, oh my God, okay, the librarian is chasing us. Bro, why is she stomping over there? She needs to be quiet, as a matter of fact. Okay, the ventilation, where is it?  It barely even lights anything up. Okay, we need to go check the ventilation, bro. I know the librarian's somewhere around here. Let me turn my flashlight off. Why is it so dark? Okay, it's at 60. Okay, we need to get some food actually. Uh, where do I find food? What is that? Eat food. Is that bubblegum? Okay, I guess that'll do for now. Okay, so where the heck is the librarian at, dude? She's like, oh, she's over there. Oh, dang, we actually have to fill up the gas. I don't know, it's at 40. I think I'm going to let it get maybe around to like 10. Somewhere around there on the lower end. I don't want to let it get too low, because what if grandma ends up on the generator side? Oh my God. Yo, Bertha, chill. Bro, she is stomping. She got them stompers. Is she chasing me? I think she is. Bro, she is legit chasing me right now. I think I'm dead. Bro, why is she running after me, bro? Oh my God. Oh, this is not dead. Okay, no, no, we need to fix it. We need to fill the generator. How do I, I can't run. I think I'm dead. I think I'm dead because Bertha and the big stompers. I think we might actually die to the generator not being full because... Oh my God, dude, go. The generator is about to die. No, I'm losing. I can't breathe. I can't breathe. Oh my God, we got it. I am a legend, just like the story said. Okay, we need to get to... Oh, what is that? That's chocolate. That is chocolate. Nice. Okay, we found some chocolate. That is pretty good to refill it with some energy. And now we should be chilling. Okay, so it's barely 1 a.m., bro. I just noticed that the time goes very slow in this game. Why is the time very slow? It's like five hours. It's gonna be like 10 hours. Uh-oh. I hear you, Bertha. Don't think you're slick and quiet. She is one heavy individual. Or at least she got heavy feet from what it sounds like. Oh my God. Is she running at me? I think she's like trying to sneak up on me. I don't freaking know. I would at least be able to see her if we could actually... This flashlight would work because you can't see crap with it. It's still very dark. Okay, where does the generator at? The generator is at 40. Bruh. Okay, it's halfway done. Oh my God, okay. I don't know why, but I'm kind of panicking right now. Kind of panicking right now. I don't know what to do. Okay, uh... Actually, I should get it over there to refill it because it is depleting very fast. I feel like we're doing a great job. Okay, I haven't seen Bertha. I'm kind of concerned. Bertha, where are you? Okay, you know what?  Oh my God. Bro, she's chasing me. She hurt me, bro. She wants me right now. I've never been wanted by anyone else in my entire life as much as Bertha wants me right now. Bro, she is chasing me down. Okay, this is not cool, bro. This is not what I signed up for. I did not sign up for this. This was against my will. Bro, she is not stopping. Okay, uh, how do we lose her? I need to get some food. Bro, she does not give up. Why is she still chasing me? Stop! Okay, she stopped. Wow. Oh my God, I'm stuck. No, no, no, no. No! This is not good, okay. Okay, think we lost her. Bro, she was not stopping. Yo, what the heck was that? Oh my God, she's right there. No, no, no, no, no, no, no. Run! Dude, she's chasing me again. Okay, I think I need to go back around to the generator. Might be a little low.  I know she's somewhere right here. Where did she go? Okay, you know what? I'm just gonna stay here. We're gonna wait here until I get slower. And hopefully Bertha doesn't sneak attack us. Oh, she's like right here.  No, no, no, no, no, no, no. Okay, it's 3 a.m. Oh my God, I don't know if we're actually doing good now because it's 3 a.m. and we only have one gas. Wait, is that gas? Oh no, it's the freaking plants, bro. I thought that was a gas can. But it's the plants. Okay, it's 3 a.m. Come on, 4 a.m. Bro, the time is not timing right now. It's like, it's not even doing his job. Oh my God, bro. She would come at the time where I open a bag of chips. Come on. Don't you hate that? Like when you're at school, you open gum or chips. And everybody just comes in flying like a flock of birds. Bro, she is chasing me down. Oh my God, where do I go? It's like a dead end over here. Bro, I'm going to get trapped. Oh my God, I have no stamina. She is not giving up. Oh my God. Okay, I'm actually going to die. I'm actually going to die. I'm actually going to die. She is chasing me down, bro. Bro, she is not giving. What is going on? Okay, what is going on? What is going on right now? I'm actually terrified. She does not give up. Bro, just leave me alone, bro. Oh my gosh, she doesn't stop. She doesn't stop. She doesn't stop. She doesn't stop. I think I'm just going to run around in circles right here. Oh no. Oh no. Bro, please don't do this. I almost survived the night. I think I'm actually going to have to fill this up right now. Okay, go, go, go, go, go. No. Okay, we can't run in a straight line. Okay, we actually lost her. Sort of. Dude, she does not stop. Somebody help. Help me, please, baby Jesus. Oh my God, why did I turn? Bro, I totally messed that up. I screwed that up like very bad. Okay, oh my God. We actually almost lost her, but she saw us around the corner. Okay, I think we actually did lose her this time. Dude, she's still running. Like, did she not get tired? How did she not get tired, bro? That is the crazy part. Okay, it's 5 a.m. We actually, I don't know if we're going to survive with the oxygen and the generator. Let's have 50, bro. Oh my God, there she comes again. Who's mom is this, bro? She's unstoppable. Oh my God, I'm dead. I think I'm actually dead here. I think I'm actually dead. No way. Birt the chill. Please, please, don't do this. I only wanted to come study the library. Bro, she does not chill. Okay, I'm actually at 30% on the generator. Oh my God, what is that? Don't let her get you? Bro, I'm not going to let her get me trust. Wait a minute, bro, she is sprinting like full speed. Oh my God, no, no, no, please. Oh my God, why is she so fast now? She's like faster than she was before. Almost, bro, it's literally like 6 a.m. I literally died right at the end. That's my look right there, man. Oh wait, revive? What if we revive? No way. Bro, it's about to rage quit right now. We technically did beat it before I died because I was right at the brink of defeating the, while escaping the Liberian. Bro, that came in clutch. I don't know, man, a win is a win. That's all I got to say. Okay, so I actually came back to the game because it didn't give me the badge that I actually beat the game. So here I am. It's 5 a.m. again. We're on the last hour and I am hiding. I am hiding very hard. There you go. I actually got it this time. Sweet. Bro, I was scared I was going to get chased down by grandma because for some reason during the last hour she runs like super fast. Like, she turns out like the Jets, bro. All right, you guys, well, that was weird, strict Liberian. If you're new around here, make sure to subscribe, hit the notification bell on, hit on notifications when you do so. And don't forget to smash the like button for that clutch survival. And yeah, thank you all for watching and I'll see you guys in the next one.


Today we're going to replace a camshaft in a Polaris 500. I'm going to show you what to do, what to look for. I've got all the plastics off already. All you're going to need for this job after you've got everything removed is a 8mm socket and a 10mm socket. First things first, you want to make sure you're at top dead center.   Make sure I am at top dead center. I took my recoil cover off, put a mark on the flywheel, lined everything back up, got everything at top dead center. I took my access cover off, and took the bolts off of the rocker cover. I looked down that hole, there's a little mark here, and there's a mark on the flywheel. Pull that out. I marked it. I am at top dead center. Took that cover off. This is the rocker cover off. Let's see what kind of damage we've got here. I have a plan with this. I learned that if you take an HO cam and an HO carburetor, you can make this a Polaris 500 HO. So that's my plan. So I'm going to show you how I plan to do it. So here we go. There are also two marks up here on the gear. Those have to be straight up, and you know you're at top dead center. Next up, the cam off. We're going to go to the other side of the machine here. We're going for a ride. So you've got your elbow for your top coolant holes, and then there's an access cover for the cam down here. So I'm going to pull that out. So that came with it. There's one, two, three, four. We'll take those bolts off. This will come right out.  Yeah, that doesn't look bad at all. It's not a whole lot of wear. There's one little groove right here. So I'm guessing that cam is good.   One last thing I forgot before I do that. Right there. That is the chain tensioner. It comes out with two 8mm bolts. And you need to get that off first, otherwise this chain is going to be really tight. And so it looks like there's a little push button right here. Push this, and it goes down. When you install this, you take this bolt out. There's a spring in there. Leave that out. Push this down. It stays in, and then you'll reinstall it. Put the bolt in with the spring in, and it'll put tension on that chain. I'm going to show you my little trick here. Over here, I have the chain come off the gear, so I'm putting tension on this while I'm taking this bolt out. The idea is to hang this up out of the way and have everything stay intact while I pull the cam off. When I go pull the cam out from the other side, I don't have to worry about losing my position on the gears or the timing marks or anything. So let's head over to the other side and shadow what I've got going on here. I said I don't have much wear on that cam, so it should be sitting pretty good. Access cover off over here, and that's going to be stubborn too I suppose. There's a little O-ring in there too. That's what keeps it sealed. Now I should just be able to slide that cam right on. Be careful because this cam is still good. I want to try and save it. The cam looks good yet. I can reuse that in my next project. Install your new cam. Just do the reverse of what I said, but there's one last step as you'll adjust the valve lash. It's .006. I posted a video on how to adjust that. There you have it. It was pretty simple. Nothing to it. Thanks for watching. I hope you enjoyed it. Subscribe to my channel for more players fixes. Until next time.


I'll give you a practical point of view on the various issues raised by the previous panel speakers because of my long innings in the trade union of more than 30 years. One aspect would be about the developments in the civil aviation industry that led to privatisation and so many forms, so many changes in the structure of civil aviation industry. And the second would be the existing scenario as far as industrial relations and employees are concerned. All of us know civil aviation was started in 1908 and till 1944 there were only private airlines in the world. Wherever airlines were there, all over the world, there were only private airlines. And for the first time in 1944, the international civil aviation organisation was formed in Geneva where state heads met and felt that we should nationalise civil aviation all over the world because civil aviation is very crucial to the security of the country for the internal transport planning of the country, for transport of manufactured goods and for so many reasons and for the all-round development of the country itself. And all airlines in the world nationalised all the private airlines and here in India also we had 15 private airlines, Deccan Airlines, Himalayan Airlines, lots of airlines all of them were nationalised and brought under the Air Corporation Act and Air India and Indian Airlines were the only two airlines, one for domestic and neighbouring countries and the other for purely international transport. So that happened and then slowly, so it became a highly regulated industry. Everything was regulated and regulations were adopted absolutely strictly and this went on till the late 80s when US started slowly deregulating and private airlines were allowed, private aviation companies were allowed and slowly then it spread to Europe and then it spread to all countries in the world and then you had a scenario where lots of private players entered the scenario and regulations were getting diluted in every country and very naturally it came to India much later. In the 90s when there were attempts to, late 90s when there were attempts to bring private aviation to India there was lot of resistance from all of us trade unions. We kept it at bay for some time but it was to come because government was not investing in purchase of aircrafts for Air India or Indian Airlines and so the requirement of civil aviation was ever growing and the government companies could not meet those requirements and then lots of private airlines came and today the scenario is totally different. All companies have restructured, it started in other parts of the world where ground handling became a separate company, catering became a separate company IT became a separate company, engineering became a separate company so it broke into different different companies but in many parts of the world trade union was very mature and they could actually tide over this situation like in Germany Lufthansa broke up into about 8 companies but till date that union Verdi continues to represent employees in all the 8 companies and all collective bargaining agreements are with this union Verdi so despite this restructuring they were able to maintain their hold and actually increase that hold and each of those 8 companies have become multinational like you have Lufthansa technique it has gone to various parts of the world the Lufthansa catering, LSG has gone to all parts of the world and they have become multinational giants but the union has not been affected at all so like that lot of restructuring took place and that restructuring has come to India worse than privatization was this restructuring you know there was a time when at the airports all jobs were formal all employees were unionized and those who worked at the airport were considered privileged employees well paid, good service conditions and all that has gone for a toss today 90% of the employees working at airports are not organized and they have got inferior service conditions I mean it's pathetic it's total casualization, contractualization, everything possible and to give you an example like you have these ground handling companies there are about 10 to 15 ground handling companies there when you go to the airport you see thousands of young workers there whether at the check-in counters whether in the loading area whether in the cabin cleaning area you find lots of these young workers all of them get between 10 and 12,000 in the olden days they used to employ in airlines only graduates even 50 years back Indian Airlines used to take graduates today 12th standard is enough to become a cabin crew to become a ground staff and unskilled staff, no education whatsoever so these people get about 8,000-10,000 they are on a three-year contract there is no question of forming a union the contract very clearly stipulates that you will not become a member of a union and if you become a member of the union your employment will cease to exist so in all these companies and then 10 years back government of India came out with a ground handling policy that no airlines can do their own handling so therefore airlines had to give contracts to these ground handling agencies and stop their own ground handling so all these airlines they removed their employees like all these foreign airlines had employees who were working for 15-20 years like Swiss Air or Air France Singapore Airlines all of them told their employees that you leave or you join one of the ground handling companies on their terms and salaries so they had no choice we being the established union we filed cases in the courts we went to labor machinery till date those cases are on but no respite whatsoever and all those employees either left the industry or joined on inferior service conditions and emoluments in those countries in those companies so there has been a sea change you have a company called Celebi it's a Turkish ground handling company so they have these employees so they have one supervisor and 10 employees and one Maruti Van takes them to an aircraft does the entire interior cleaning of the aircraft as soon as that is over they go to another arrival aircraft offload entire baggage from that then they go to a departure aircraft load all the baggage onto that 12 hours non-stop working even to the extent that they don't get breaks for lunch they have all been told to carry something and eat it on the way there's no and attrition rate is so high at the most one and a half, two years they can work when they leave and then fresh set of people come so constant churning of employees is there with so the lifespan of all these employees is very small they work for maximum two years so all the employment that you see in the airport is like that you will have few employees of Air India only who are today this thing and that also is going to be extinct because they have not recruited in the past 15 years so all formal employees will go and you will find only informal employees even to the extent I would say even pilots are as good as bonded labour today if a pilot wants to leave the airline he has to give a one year notice so under no circumstances he can leave and that rule has been brought in by DGCA by the government so therefore his license will go if he opts to leave the airline and no airline will wait for him for one year for him to join them so virtually doors have been closed on them because that was one category which was very powerful but they have also been set in place put in place I recall some time back there was a strike of jet airways pilots which I only handled two of their employees showed the guts to form a union and they registered a union in the name of National Aviators Guild and both of them were promptly dismissed earlier others were dismissed for similar endeavour but this time these people garnered a lot of support and they formed this union and then they were immediately dismissed so when they were dismissed then they came to me and they told me why don't you all help us so then I got into the picture raised a dispute before the Labour Commissioner they came to the Labour Commissioner's office they said we don't know these people there's no way we're going to talk to them we have nothing to do with them and there's no question of taking back the dismissal Labour Commissioner also seemed otherwise he was a very good Labour Commissioner on that day he was a very different person he was totally with the management that you all should not take up this issue at all so then we came out from there and we had served a strike notice that's how it was seized in Constellation he wrote a letter to Labour Commissioner saying that the strike notice has been withdrawn and then told all the pilots to gather in that avion hotel outside the airport about four five hundred pilots came there from morning till evening the next day and then we announced a strike everybody is going to fall sick so one by one and their service condition said that even by SMS, by mail, by phone you can convey if you're sick so all of them you know four or five hundred people and then almost all seven hundred people went on strike and after the strike after about seventh, eighth day the management then gave in and called for discussions and in those discussions you know they agreed because basically we were on a strong point India the signatory to the ILO conventions on freedom of association and there was no way what they were doing was absolutely illegal so they agreed but one shocking thing they showed us you know the funding agreement between Access Bank and Jet Airways very clearly stated that there shall be no union in the pilots, cabin crew and aircraft engineers if there is a union registered in any of these three categories we will withdraw our funding that came as a revelation that you know it goes so deep and they said you know we are helpless if we do this our funding will go and we'll be in a big soup so like that in the aviation industry it has grown manifold but as far as the employees are concerned ninety percent are unorganized service conditions are miserable virtually no service conditions we have somehow held together all the employees of Air India and we have managed because only through courts we have got an order from the court saying that the service conditions and emoluments cannot be unilaterally altered by the management and the management challenged that in the supreme court also after two years upheld our contention and it continues to be in place but I don't know they have come out with so many ways of hitting for the past 8-10 years they have withdrawn the check off system for the union they have withdrawn the offices they have informed all facilities given to all trade unions have been stopped and there the courts have not been helpful at all the courts also have ruled that the unions have no right over all this so slowly slowly this important sector is going to be totally non-unionized somewhere we have also committed lots of sins as we are very complacent in the good days we had lots of power and probably we didn't feel the need to network and you know also you know the connect between academicians and trade union and trade union and national trade union now today NGOs are doing more work than even the national trade union centres and even so somewhere all of us have to sit together and understand that there is such a big problem we are virtually standing with an umbrella when there is a tsunami coming none of us unions can withstand what the onslaught that is you know there so somewhere unless there is a consolidation of all like-minded groups to understand that the future is going to be extremely bad like all the previous speakers in the first session spoke about the quality of employment so what kind of employment it is where every two years people live and you know the management encourages that and even a whiff of somebody having a tendency to form a union will result in employment being you know seized privatisation of Air India is going to come is on the fast track we have now on 12th we are filing a petition in the Delhi High Court on a law point on a law point that when Air India and Indian Airlines was created it was created through an act of parliament Air Corporation Act was introduced when Air Corporation Act was repealed it was through an act of parliament and we came under Companies Act and now this time there is no act of parliament there is only a cabinet approval it's a strong law point and if we succeed it will go it will get deferred by six months to one year which means it will cross 2019 so we are at least hoping to defer it to the extent possible