Craft presents the Great Gilder Sleeves. Yeah. The craft cheese company makers of Clark A. Margeron and a complete line of famous quality food products presents Hal Perry as the Great Gilder Sleeve. Craft brings you the Great Gilder Sleeve every week at this time, written by John Whedon and Sam Moore. We'll hear from the Great Gilder Sleeve in just a moment. Naturally, husbands who work hard in the victory garden expect you to serve vegetables at their delicious best. And with the help of Pabstette, the delicious golden cheese food, you can do any vegetable up proud. Make it better tasting and even more nourishing too. Melted into a smooth, luscious cheese sauce, Pabstette adds rich, mellow cheddar cheese flavor to hot-cooked vegetables. Pabstette also gives salads an extra tasty touch, for its equally delicious sliced and served with tomatoes or fruit. Pabstette spreads smoothly too and toasts to perfection, for serving in many other delightful ways. And Pabstette is wholesome and nourishing. It's an excellent energy food rich in protein and milk minerals, contains important vitamin A. So buy Pabstette as often as you can. Tomorrow treat the whole family to this delicious golden cheese food. Don't forget, the name is Pabstette. Now let's see how things are going with the Great Gilder Sleeve and his campaign for mayor. He's really had his stride this week. He's made personal appearances at smokers, rallies, bridge luncheons on street corners, and even at the fire that broke out in Frank Crutch's ice house. And for every occasion, he's had a ready song. Today, we find him with his niece and nephew in the honor box at the ball park, feeding a little singing before tossing out the first ball. Take me out to the ball game. Take me out to the round.  I don't care if I never get back to its root. Look for the ball game. If they don't, then it's a shame. For it's one, two, three strikes you're out at the old ball. I'd just like to say, ladies and gentlemen, that nothing is closer to my heart than the great American game of baseball. Yes, sir, I'd like nothing better than to be right out there on that field with you boys today, knocking that old horse-hider out. Why, I grew up in Sandlot baseball. What position did you play, commissioner? Well, they always made me catch her, friend. Maybe because Mother Nature gave me my own chest protector. That ain't all she gave you. Well, seriously, folks, baseball is a great institution. I haven't much use for any man who isn't a baseball fan. In fact, I wouldn't even trust a man who doesn't like baseball. By the way, where is my opponent, Mayor Tereleger? I don't seem to see him here today. I mean to imply that his honor doesn't know how to play baseball. He'll play ball with anybody, ladies and gentlemen. He's proved that, and he's stolen plenty of bases when the taxpayers weren't looking either. However... Well, let's get on with the game. Let's have the ball, LeRoy. Here, let's see how far you can heave it. Don't you worry about that, my boy. Ready out there? Oh, brother, what a windup. Play ball! Toss it out in the field, somebody.  I told you, LeRoy, I was a catcher. Did you ever throw the second? I always put him out at first. Now shut up and let's watch the game. Oh, can I buy a hot dog? It's too early in the game to start that. What if I buy it with my... He gods, LeRoy. A knife, skate key, pebbles, rusty nail, rubber band, eraser, old hinge, marble, milky button. What's this envelope, LeRoy? Oh, that? Yes, that. It's addressed to me. Yeah, that's a good one. I forgot to give it to you. When did she give you this young man? Yesterday. Maybe it was the day before. Oh, my goodness. It's all right, uncle. I found it. It's not all right, LeRoy. When you're asked to deliver a note, you should deliver it. But I found the 15 cents in the other pocket. I don't care what you do. Oh, boy, what's that? I don't know. I'm just reading it, Marjorie. Gosh, if this note is two days old, I don't know what she must be thinking. I better get over there right now. Oh, look, they're gonna start the game. Who gets the bat first, am I? As if I'd hardly seen you for weeks. I know you've been busy with your campaign, and I'm very proud of you. I've been busy, too, working late every afternoon. But couldn't we play a little hokey together just once? She misses me. Besides, I have some good news for you. So do let's try to get together real soon. You're loving Eve. Hmm. Well, I'm not the man to keep her waiting. Come in. My name is Spockmorton. I was told to come to the principal's office. Oh, Spockmorton, you silly. Miss Benson sent me down here because I was a bad boy. I'm the worst boy in 6A. Oh, really? Well, what did you do that was naughty? I kissed every girl in the room except Miss Benson. Oh, well, that's terrible. Stand in the corner and recite the multiplication table a hundred times. Oh, Eve, we can think of something that's more fun than that, can we? Uh, are you through with your work? Well, not quite. Now, be fair, Eve, as soon as Leroy gave me your note, I dropped my work. What were you doing? Watching a ball game. Come on, Eve, it's a beautiful day. Let me take you home. I'll carry your books. Well... Come on. I'll even buy you soda. I'll hold your hand under the counter. That's enough. You're walking so peculiarly, I can't even step with you. Oh. I'm trying to step on all the cracks. Oh, my goodness, a grown man. Well, Eve, don't you ever do things like that? Never. You miss a lot of fun. Sometimes I step on all the cracks, and sometimes I try not to step on any. It's fun to walk with your eyes shut, too. You want to see me? No. I'll show you what's even more fun than that, if I can find a stick. Well, I don't know what's come over you. Yeah, here's a stick that's made to order, Eve. All right, what are you going to do with it? Well, I could spank you, but I won't. You better not. Where do we come to Mr. Lawler's picket fence? Well, of all the ways to entertain a girl. What can I do? I can't kiss you here in the street. Or can I? No. Well, all right then. Listen to this. Let me try it. Sure, go ahead. I must say it's more fun than I thought. What did I tell you? I wish there was more fence. Huh?  Let's hold hands and skip, what do you say? Brock Morton, I'm the principal of the Summerfield Grammar School. That's nothing. I'm the water commissioner. Come on. Oh, Brock Morton, you're impossible today. Yeah, well, I care. Brock Morton, I don't understand you. Huh? What do you mean, Eve? You're not human. I told you in my notes that I had some news for you. And you haven't even asked what it is. I forgot all about it. What is it? Well, I don't think I'll tell you now. That's no fair, Eve. Now you've got me all curious. Come on. What is it? No, I don't feel like telling. Please, Eve. No.  Here's a drug store. I might. Come on, then. But I might not. Oh, look, Mr. Peavey's got a new sign in the window. Fresh strawberry sundae's guaranteed to please. Talented, Eve. Will a strawberry sundae make you talk? If it's good, it will. It'll be good. I hope it makes you talk better than this. After you, my love. Good afternoon, Mr. Peavey. Good afternoon. Hello, Peavey. We want two of your fresh strawberry sundae's. If you don't like them, we want our money back. I think you'll find them very enjoyable. I had quite a run on them today. Oh. Here, sit down here, Eve. We'll watch the great artist at work. Thank you. Please. Yes. Darn it, TV. Why don't you put some booths for your soda customers? Can't you afford a booth? And I've got a phone booth. All right. We'll have our sundae's in there. How about it, Eve? Isn't he awful, Mr. Peavey? Oh, he's only joking, Miss Goodwin. He can't get in the phone booth himself. Let alone... Here's your sundae's, folks. You like a few chopped nuts sprinkled on top? Oh, yes. It's a nickel extra. Oh, that's all right, Peavey. I feel like throwing money around today anyway. Well, huh? Glad you dropped in. You don't happen to need any staked little drug items like aspirin. Now, now, don't try to sell me the store, Peavey. I came in here to make this lady talk. This strawberry sundae is supposed to loosen her tongue. I think maybe it will, too. This is delicious, Mr. Peavey. Thank you, ma'am. Miss Goodwin, keeping a secret from you, Mr. Gillespie? Yes, he's trying to, Peavey. I ask you, is that a nice thing for a man's fiance to do? Well, that's customary. And if any's like having their little secrets, every so often Mrs. Peavey gets some little piece of information about one of the neighbors and holds onto it. Oh? Just devils you with it, eh, Peavey? Well, she likes to tease me a little, eh. Just a few days ago, for instance, she had an item on Mr. Wheeler. He lives two doors down from out. Charlie Wheeler? Oh, what was it, Peavey? Well, I can't tell you that, Mr. Gillespie. Yeah, you don't have to, poor old Charlie. I bet it was something about his... You ought to be ashamed of yourself, Dr. Horton.  It was that little habit. Mr.  Well, no, I wouldn't say that.  Well, I'm certainly not interested. I scarcely know Mr. Wheeler. Of course, the Wheeler children are in school and they're a bit of a problem. I know Mrs. Wheeler very slightly. Does he beat her? I'll tell you if you tell me your secret, Eve. Come on, what is it? Well, mine isn't gossip. Mine is just good news. Oh, good news, eh? What is it? My mother's coming to visit me tomorrow. Huh? Listen, is that all you have to say? I've told you how much more the means to me throughout the morning. Oh, yes. I think it's fine that she's coming, Eve. Great. I can't wait to meet her. I was hoping you could drive me over to Moore's Junction and meet her train tomorrow morning. Oh, certainly. Fine. Glad to do it, Eve. How much is a Sunday's, Peavey? Well, 50 cents, Mr. Gillespie. That includes the knots. Oh, yes, yes. Well, here you are. All through Eve? Yes, thank you. Yes, certainly fine about your mother. So long, Peavey. See you later. Goodbye, Mr. Peavey. Goodbye, Mr. Gillespie. Goodbye, Mr. Goodwin. My, my, she never found out about Charlie Wheeler's little peculiarity. Well, for that piece of news she had, she didn't deserve to. Great Gillespie will be with us again in just a few seconds. An hour more about the tempting golden cheese-foo that spreads, slices, and melts, tastes good and is mighty good for you. It's Pabstead, of course. Pabstead, the delicious golden cheese-food of 100 uses. Pabstead spreads like butter at room temperature, slices neatly when chilled, melts quickly and easily into a smooth, luscious cheese sauce, and what grand variety. Pabstead macaroni dishes, Pabstead souffles and omelets, Pabstead sandwiches, fish and egg treats with Pabstead cheese sauce, and dozens more all extra delicious, extra nourishing with this marvelous cheese-food added. Your dealer may not have Pabstead the very first time you ask for it because so much dairy food is going to war, but everything is being done to keep dealers supplied. So watch for Pabstead in the familiar round-flat package, and when you can, buy this wholesome, nourishing cheese-food, Pabstead. Well, let's get back now to Summerfield of the Great Gillespie. Hi, George. I don't know how the old bus gets so dirty. And it washed only last February. Here's a bunch in the bucket, Mr. Gillespie. Thank you, Bertie. And now we can get started. Have you ever washed a car, Bertie? No, sir. Can't say that I have. Oh, it's an experience, Bertie, an experience. What's the way I do it? And you'll know how to do it yourself. If the occasion should ever arise. Yes, sir. I can see it arising. It may seem like a simple thing washing a car, Bertie, but there's a right way and a wrong way to do everything. Yes, sir. Now, the first step is to remove the dirt. That sounds reasonable. Watch closely now, Bertie. You observe that I take the sponge filled in the water until saturated. You do what? I take the sponge and dunk it, Bertie. Now, with the sponge soaking wet, I start at the top of the car, and it's running down my sleeve, Bertie. It's cold. He's...  Well, that's not so easy. I have my good clothes on. But you haven't any sleeves, Bertie. I tell you, Mr. Gillespie, why don't you use the hose instead of the sponge? That would be easier and you wouldn't get so wet. Hose. That's a good idea, Bertie. A very good idea. You're catching on very quickly. Drag it over here, will you? Yes, I'll get it. You seem to have a knack for this sort of thing, Bertie. I wouldn't be surprised if I could entrust the whole job to you before long. I wouldn't be surprised either. Yeah, yeah. Fine.  Just washing the car. Oh! Oh, please! Look, I'll stand back, Lila. You'll get all wet. Oh, I wouldn't, Lila. Because if you did, I'd just never forgive you, understand?  I am? What should you call for? You must be stepping out somewhere, huh? Not exactly, Lila. Eve's mother is arriving tomorrow. Oh, your mother-in-law? No, she didn't... Well, I suppose she will be at that.  How you feel? No, Lila. Eve's mother is not like that. Eve's mother is different. Eve's mother is very close to her. They're more like sisters. How nice. You met her then. No, but Eve's told me all about her. I see. Shall I turn on the hose, Miss Giltley? Just a minute, Bertie. I've got to go now, Throck Martin, but I'd just like to say one thing. Yes? If you ever need someone to sympathize with you, if you ever need someone to tend to, remember, I'm right next door.  Donna, I like her. Good-bye, Nile. Turn on the hose, Bertie. Okay, Miss Giltley. Leaving? Yes, I'll have to, though. Oh, my goodness. Well, Giltley, washing your car. What do you think I'm doing? Taking a bath. Watch it, watch it! Hold it, Bertie. Turn it off a minute. What's the big occasion, Giltley? What big occasion? Washing the car. How come? Neighbors complained. My mother-in-law is arriving in the morning. Your mother-in-law? Well, that is my mother-in-law-to-be. Deeper sympathy, old man. Deeper sympathy. She's only coming for a few days, judge, and she's staying with her daughter. So there. Uh-huh. Coming to town to look you over, huh? Well, I suppose so. Only natural for a mother to want to know what kind of a man her daughter is marrying. What are you going to do when she finds out? Now listen, you old goat. Turn on the water, Bertie. No, I didn't mean it, Giltley. Only joking. Yeah. Hey! Right along, judge her by guts. I'll let you have it. Hey, can't you take a joke? Sure, can't you? Dance, just dance! No! No! What's that you say? What's going on?  Can't hear you. I'm washing my car. You turn it off, Bertie. What'd you say, Pee-Vee? I see you're washing your car. Yes, Pee-Vee. I'm washing my car. Are you planning to take your family out for a little spin, Mr. Giltley? No, Pee-Vee. I'm planning to go down and meet my future mother-in-law at the train tomorrow morning. I want the car to look nice. Oh, mother-in-law, huh? And no remark, see? Oh, I wasn't going to make any remark. Well, everybody else has. I have a mother-in-law myself. That is, I did, up to the time she passed on. Well, my mother-in-law is like most mother-in-laws, Pee-Vee. My mother-in-law is different. That's what I used to say. Mother-Horse-Fall, I always called her.  My wife's name was Horse-Fall. I hope so. She was her mother. Yeah. Mother-Horse-Fall. Horse-Fall. I've always had a sneaking promise for the old girl. Well, I'm glad to hear you say so, Pee-Vee. Yes, we got along pretty well for the first few months, but after that, such is life.  Good day, Pee-Vee, the idea. Excuse me, how about it? Let it go, Bertie. Why can't they let me alone? Why can't they let me polish my car? Oh, the devil with a car. Let the old lady ride it the way it is. Dr. Morton, I haven't seen Mother in almost a year. Oh, that's so? I'm excited, aren't you? You bet. I was hoping you'd find time to wash the car. Oh, well, I was going to, but some things came up. How much farther is it to the station? Another four or five miles. We got lots of time. I wouldn't want to be late. Don't worry. How about a little kiss just to pass the time? Oh, now, dear, please be sensible, not while you're driving. All right. Why are we so late? You said to be sensible. Now, how about a kiss? Dr. Morton, you think of making love at the strangest time. What's strange about 10 o'clock in the morning? But we're hurrying to meet a train. Please, Dr. Morton, I just died if we were late. We can't possibly. Please, please, darling. Just one kiss? Just one. Oh, you're wonderful. 1027, dear. How can you be thinking about timetables? Well, after all, it's my mother. We must go on, Dr. Morton. All right. Is the ignition on? Oh, sure. I'll choke her a little. She must be flooded. This old bus gets that way once in a while. She does? Yeah, but don't worry. I know, like a book. Just left the letter set there for a minute. I wish we hadn't stopped. Now, Eve, there's nothing to worry about. 40 seconds and we'll be on our merry way.  Can't you try it now? Too soon, Eve. I know this car like a book. Oh, dear. Yeah, give it a few seconds more. Now, see, start off like a B-24. Just have to look under the hood, I guess. Check a few things. Oh, dear. This is awful. This won't take a second, my dear. Are you sure there's gas in the tank? Oh, yeah. I put in two gallons just this morning. The needle isn't even touching me. I fix it this way once before. You just leave it to me, my dear. Men understand such things. That's what men think. What's that, Eve? Oh, nothing. Please hurry, Dr. Morton. You gods, what can I do? Do you want me to give you a piggyback ride? The Moore's Junction? Well, there's no need to lose your temper, Dr. Morton. I just thought if you'd stop some car that's going by, there might be someone who could help you. I am perfectly capable of finding the trouble, Eve, and I can fix it, too. So just relax for heaven's sake. Very well, Dr. Morton. Leave me alone a minute so I can concentrate. Dear poor mother. I'm slipped out, but I mean... I'm doing the best I can, Eve. Haven't you found out what's wrong yet? Well, no, but if I... For goodness' sake, it seems to me that... What's that flower hanging down there? What's that flower hanging down there? Wire? What wire? This one. Is that a ghost somewhere? It could go right here. No, no, Eve. That's part of the radio. I don't think so. Look it on here. Huh? Now why don't you try the starter? It couldn't be that. Well, try it, Dr. Morton. Well, all right, Eve. Couldn't possibly be that. Did you have the ignition on, Dr. Morton? Ignition? Some people are born lucky. 1027. If anything's happened to Mother, I'll never forgive you, never. Nothing's happened to your mother, Eve. She'll be around somewhere if she's got any sense. That's right. Blame the whole thing on Mother. Eve, I'm not blaming on anybody. I just... Look. Could that be her? Where? Over there, sitting on the barrel. Mother. Mother, when I didn't see you, I just said to myself, I don't... Oh, this, I suppose, it must be. Yes, this is Dr. Morton. Mr. Gilda's sleep. My daughter has written me so much about you. Well, favorable, I hope. Oh, yes. Oh, very. Oh, dear, yes. Well, she wrote me only... Oh, Dr. Morton. Huh? Oh, her bag. Oh, yes. I'm afraid they're terribly heavy. Uh, can't be too heavy for me. The car is this way. I feel I ought to apologize to you for being so late. Oh, not at all. It just gave me time to finish my magazine. Well, you see, something went wrong. The whole thing was Dr. Morton's fault. If he hadn't insisted on stopping, the car would never have stopped. And if he'd used his head and done as I asked him to, we would have been all day getting started. But he... I was never so furious with anyone in my life. Why, Eve Goodwin, I don't think that's a nice way to talk about a nice man like Mr. Gilda's sleep. Here he's carrying my bag, and he's driven all the way down here to meet me. I think that's very nice of him indeed. Oh, but, Mother, you don't... I think Mr. Gilda's sleep seems like just about the nicest son-in-law anyone ever has. Yeah. You know, Mrs. Goodwin... Oh, call me Mother. You know, Mother, I've been telling people you're not like other mother-in-laws. You're different. And by George, you are. Why, if you were 20 years younger, or if I were 20 years older... Yeah. Eh, but we're not, are we? Maybe we'd better be getting along. Well, you have to expect these little misunderstandings, I guess. I guess you have to take the bitter with a sweet. That's part of the fun of being in love. Give and take. That's what real love is based on. Gosh, you can't really be in love with a girl if you get all upset over every little thing. Who was it said that forgiveness is the greatest of all virtues? Well, I forgive her. But by George, he's not going to tell me how to run my car. Good night. Today America's bakers are making so much good bread, bread that's enriched for even better nutrition, you'll want to eat plenty of it, and enjoy it more too, by spreading your bread with delicious parquet marcheron. This quality spread for bread that's made by craft. Yes, craft, it's a good product. It's a good product. It's a good product. It's a good product. It's a good product. That's why we call it a good product. This quality spread for bread that's made by craft. Yes, craft makes parquet marcheron, has a flavor that's both delicate and appetizing. Parquet adds flavor goodness. It makes bread and hot toast, biscuits and muffins taste so good. And parquet marcheron also adds extra nourishment for these wholesome foods, because every pound contains 9,000 units of important vitamin A. Besides that, parquet is also high in food energy. Tomorrow then when you buy bread, buy enriched bread. And tomorrow when you buy a spread for bread, buy a vitamin fortified spread. Buy parquet, P-A-R-K-A-Y, parquet marcheron made by craft.


Everybody forced here ripping two boxes or sorry four boxes for Dale C two products to 2022 woman chrome baseball hobby and to 2022 Top five star hobby. Good luck Dale. Thank you for the order. I was yeah, it's pretty rare But it does happen where there's a damaged card and that's encased To woman chrome's first J rod base rookie a speckle first woman Louise Mesa 45 at a 299 face auto Cameron Colley Cencia Vasquez a Magenta or fuchsia Marcus Simeon numbered 187 to 299. It's fuchsia and Bowman Young girl Fernandez base Marcella Meyer it came to the league insert Yellow first woman Yendry Rojas a little bit of a hair on top there. We'll get that off 26 out of 75 Joey Weimer First woman on a land not a bellcazar nice base auto there Prospect purple shimmer first woman yelling confidant Number 12 out of 250. All right, one more Bowman Chrome. Come on big low numbered auto here Got an aqua ray wave rookie Royce Lewis Nice one there 137 of 199 in Lewis Purple refractor auto Denzel Clark 156 out of 250 their Gola and one been show Juan base Jairan Duran you should shimmer first woman Roderick Arias nice parallel Good prospect 188 of 199. All right purple rookie Rodolfo Castro numbered 193 of 299 First woman refractor auto Louis Chevalier 336 of 499 refractor out of there can just that one on top refractor Shohei Otani 483 of 499 it came to the league Francisco Alvarez Yeah, please do have that's such a beast of a card they teach like batters like exhaled after you hit the ball like very Extreme, I don't know how much they talk about breathing Like this every time you see Shohei with a bat his cheeks are really just popped out Maybe it's just a Shohei thing. Could be all right two boxes of five star now Rookie Auto Matt Veerling The base auto there. You like the guy in this next card Shohei Otani four of 20 five-star signature Monster Shohei there you go Dale. That's awesome man beauty No, I don't I don't see a Joshua Will Clark base auto and the rookie auto of O'Neill Cruz now at 26 out of 50 It's really good stuff in there Dale congrats on that Shohei auto that is huge Appreciate it. We'll get these out to you


Heat is serious. When you look at the thermometer and you see it's 90 degrees outside, the thermometer only tells one part of the story. The majority of the heat responses that we've had so far this summer are because the heat index, the combination of the temperature and the humidity, has been very very high, 110, 111 or higher in some cases. So we really encourage people, if you do not need to go outside, don't. If you are going to go outside, pre-hydrate. If you've waited until you start getting thirsty when you're out in the community, it's too late. You're behind the eight ball. So typically we recommend at least a day or two ahead of time. So if it's Thursday and you know you're going to be out and about on Saturday, start tanking up today. Signs and symptoms of a heat-related emergency, profuse sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, muscle cramps. Those are signs that your body's telling you to move into a cool environment. Take a break.


Twitter sued California in the U.S. district court for infringement of the First Amendment, infringement of the freedom of speech, and tried to get this law overturned. A judge has just come back in an eight-page decision, dismissed Twitter, and basically upheld the regulations, he says, quote, while the reporting requirement does not appear to place a substantial compliance burden on social media companies, it does not appear that the requirement is unjustified or unduly burdensome within the context of the First Amendment.


Hello. Massive open online courses or so-called MOOCs are considered a revolution in teaching and learning. I don't think they are. For us, on the Virtue Linguistics Campus at least, they are just online courses with no credits. There is nothing mysterious about MOOCs. But let me explain this in detail. The general idea behind MOOCs is to make educational content available to everyone, anywhere, at any time. In fact, this can be done in two ways. On the one hand, we have the so-called X MOOCs, where the pre-posed character X stands for a mark, assigned to classes at Harvard University that were not only offered on campus, but also alternatively online. Thus, the X MOOC is the online equivalent of a classical on-campus seminar or a lecture. C MOOCs, by contrast, are MOOCs where the participants are connected and are invited to discuss or to expand the material and the input provided to them in the context of a predefined topic. By the way, the character C stands for connectionism. So the participants are connected somehow. To generalize, one could say that the focus of X MOOCs is on content acquisition by the participants, whereas in C MOOCs, aggregation, commenting, and discussion are in the center of interest. For this reason, X MOOCs are more frequently used for content delivery in the natural sciences, whereas C MOOCs are used to support education in the arts and social sciences. Well, and since linguistics, our discipline shares many features with the natural sciences. X MOOCs rather than C MOOCs stand in the center of our interest. But how should an X MOOC be structured? Well, for the structure of an X MOOC, three components are required. The backbone of an X MOOC is its content. In most cases, the content is based on videos produced by the class instructors, either live in class or as separate e-lectures. For the participants to solve problems or to enter into peer-to-peer discussions, an X MOOC also needs a forum. Remember, there is no class instructor around, thus the participants have to solve many things among themselves. And they do. The third component is an assessment system where several electronic tests are made available which track the participants' mastery. And then, of course, you need some sort of infrastructure, namely a platform. Here are some platforms that have already offered MOOCs, mainly American developments. For example, we have edX, the common open platform of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. There are Coursera and Udacity, two platforms initiated as private enterprises. Or take VentureLab, the Stanford University MOOC platform. Well, and in addition to this, there is the Virtual Linguistics Compos, the world's only MOOC platform for linguistics, language technology and languages. And as you can imagine, we are very proud to be on this list. But why do we need a platform in the first place? Well, the answer is quite simple. Since users have to register for a MOOC, here is the registration option on the Virtual Linguistics Compos, the platform has to store the participants' data. And in the case of an assessment component, the platform has to store the participants' progress. And last but not least, via the platform, the automatic distribution of the final certificates has to be administered. Let's now look at the structure of our ex MOOCs on the Virtual Linguistics Compos. As I already said, on the VLC, MOOCs are not mysterious at all. Our classes are used in accordance with our inverted classroom mastery model, where each unit involves a combination of multimedia, video and print information, something which is unparalleled in the world of e-education. Here you see the structure of an e-learning unit in the context of the inverted classroom mastery model. Phase one, content acquisition, then formative assessment, and phase two, an in-class meeting. So within the inverted classroom mastery model, formative e-assessments constitute the basis for the organization of our in-class meeting. To generate appropriate MOOC units, all we have to do is to replace the in-class phase by a system of additional components, and the formative assessment, one for each unit, now becomes summative. In other words, a VLC massive open online course unit is an ICMM, an inverted classroom mastery model unit minus in-class meeting, where the formative assessment becomes summative, and the in-class phase is replaced by a set of electronic exercises with model solutions and peer-to-peer communication tools. Well, and these additional components are, for example, exercises. Exercises or practical questions with model solutions that can be accessed in a predefined rhythm and then involve solutions from textual explanations to so-called micro-teaching videos, and furthermore we need a forum where the class participants can discuss their problems or where they simply express their requests. If you wish, the forum is the C, the connectionism component of a VLC MOOC, which thus combines the features of an X MOOC with those of a C MOOC. Well, and what are our advantages? Why do we offer MOOCs on the virtual linguistics campus? Well, on the one hand, we can simply increase our popularity. Those who deny this motivational factor are not sincere. Where can you increase your reputation more than on the World Wide Web? And so we have increased the popularity of the virtual linguistics campus enormously, and also the University of Marburg is now on the international MOOC map. Not bad. Secondly, our video channel, and you need a video channel in order to support your MOOCs with video, our video channel that is combined with our multimedia e-learning units has made us more popular than ever before. Well, and last but not least, we have now the highest degree of quality assurance that is possible, not just a handful of students as participants of our seminars until recently, but the whole Internet community from all over the world. But there are drawbacks. The development of the platform and even more so the development of a MOOC involves financial investment. I don't want to talk about the developmental costs of our VLC MOOCs here, but it is obvious that quality assured educational content is expensive. So since tuition fees, as in standard university courses, are no option, MOOC developers have been thinking about revenue. The following revenue options have already become reality on the virtual linguistics campus. Advertisement. A relatively simple method for revenue on the virtual linguistics campus, we have partners that support us wherever possible. That's why we present them on our MOOCs class start sites and in our videos. Secondly, we can offer our products. If students are on our VLC MOOCs, they are offered numerous additional educational products, for example, our global access to our virtual sessions, thus to the whole world of multimedia linguistics or to our workbooks, or ideally they become part of our online MA degree program web development for linguistics. Well, and what about MOOCs for credit fees for credit? Well, many providers are thinking about this option, but they seem to ignore the following. To issue credit points for a course involves the following prerequisites at least in Germany, first, students must be officially enrolled at the provider university. This presupposes an educational level that satisfies the university's admission standards and necessitates the delivery of the respective documents prior to class start, for example, high school transcripts, and this is impossible for a massive open online course. The second condition is that the MOOC must be part of an official degree program. That is, it must be accredited. But these two options, official enrollment and part of an official degree program, these three conditions run totally run counter to the idea of the MOOC, three online classes for everyone. So this option is clearly out. What remains is the possibility of charging a small fee for accomplishment. To understand how this can be managed, let us look at the certification options for a MOOC. Theoretically, you have four options which I called level zero, level one, level two, level three over here. Now, level zero is simply nothing, no participation, enrollment in a MOOC, but no participation. Level one is a statement of participation. So if students actively participate, but their testing score is below 60%, they will receive a free statement of participation. Level two is the interesting one, a statement of accomplishment. I will say something about it in a second. And level three, full credits, well, we already said this option doesn't work. So whereas the standard certificate, level one, the so-called statement of participation is free, the statement of accomplishment not only involves more work but also a very small amount of money. And if this option is chosen in VLC MOOCs, participants will receive a qualified statement of accomplishment issued by Marburg University in conjunction with the Virtual Linguistics Campus. This certificate will include the precise grade. Well, you see them over here, the grades. It'll include the workload, down here, the workload in hours. And it'll include a list of topics covered in the class, which is identical with the list of worksheets that the student must have submitted in order to reach 60% or more. So in order to be given such a certificate, participants are required to participate regularly and to do the worksheets, one for each e-learning unit. And by submitting these worksheets, they have to reach an average score of 60% or more. Well, at the small fee, something well below 50 euros, gives us developers a small revenue option and the option to reinvest this money in content production. So, I hope to have shown that there is nothing mysterious about MOOCs and that the hype has only been created by those who are over excited by the fact that they now have video as an option for content delivery. We on the Virtual Linguistics Campus have had multimedia for more than 10 years and for us, video is just an additional option. And so, massive open online courses with their components, multimedia, video and e-assessment are nothing else but mere online courses.  The only thing they're now available for a wider target group. So, if you're interested in free linguistics online classes, become a member of the VLC community. Select your MOOC and, well, you can even select several at the same time and then join us. So, see you on the Virtual Linguistics Campus. Thank you very much.


Hello friends, greetings from Manipal Hospital's Baner Pune. Myself Dr. Rami Thakoji, I head the Neurosurgery department here. So today we learn something about risk factors of brain tumours. As we all know brain tumours are quite common, a significant concern to the population of the society because they cause significant morbidity. However, because of the current newer techniques in diagnosis, as well as newer surgical procedures, most of these patients lead a normal life. So let's understand what are the risk factors for developing brain tumours. So the most important environmental risk factor which is associated with development of brain tumours is ionizing radiation. So those people who are exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation, for example, atomic bombs or radiation like X-rays or high doses of X-ray radiation like CTs, they develop a high incidence of brain tumours. However, non-ionizing radiations are not associated with increased incidence of brain tumours. The next question which I always get from my patients is, doctor, we are using a lot of mobile phones, will we develop brain tumours? So there are a lot of studies going on already on this topic and I can confidently say that if you have a long-term exposure to mobile phones, that is a radio frequency like radars or microwaves or increased use of mobile phones, maybe after 10 or 12 years, there is slightly increased risk of developing brain tumours. Otherwise, the data does not support that increased incidence to mobile phones can lead to brain tumours. So there is slightly increased risk of brain tumours. Then the next most common is dietary intake. So the diet which is high in N-nitrozoamine compounds, for example, tobacco, that is highly associated with increased risk of brain tumours. Similarly, cured meats, they also contain N-nitrozoamine compounds. So we should avoid this kind of diet. But at the same time, if you consume a lot of green vegetables, vitamin C, fruits, so there is a decreased incidence of brain tumour in these people who eat high incidence of high proportion of antioxidants. Then last but not the least, the exposure to alcohol. So alcohol does not link to increased incidence of brain tumours. If we consider occupational hazard, the agricultural workers are at slightly increased risk because of increased use of pesticides. And last point I would like to tell is genetic predisposition. So certain populations because of alteration of their chromosomes are at increased risk for developing brain tumours. For example, neurofibromatosis or leaf hormone syndrome. And these patients have to be screened for development of brain tumours. Thank you so much.