It's still me with you here and this is the last conversation at least for me and then the next one brand Saco will be coming up with MCM now we are on youth and career and we want to talk a little bit about personal branding and refining your etiquette of refining your personal brand and etiquette guidelines and rules that are there and for this we are joined by an expert. We have coach Alice Muhira who's an image and etiquette consultant to guide us through the conversation. Karia Rusana. Asante. Glad to have you with us. I'm so honored. Okay you would tell us a little bit about yourself. I know I've introduced you but what does coach Alice exactly do? Break it down a little bit. Thank you. My name is coach Alice Muhira. I'm an image and etiquette consultant. I help executives and business owners to refine their image, expression, presence, presentation skills so that they become more convincing, more conversant and more converting in their career. Okay interesting so this applies to everyone. Yes. For a youth that's just looking into getting a career they can also refine their image, right? Yes. So tell us how for a youth that's just looking into getting a career how should their image look like? How should they build their personal brand? That's a very interesting question. As we know the human mind is judgmental and we all judge Bezingun appearance. Before I came to this interview just by looking at you I can make an assumption on your professionalism and expertise just looking at how you carry yourself, how you're dressed, how you speak, your posture, your guides and all that contributes into judging you in one way or another. So I help executives win that first state of making a correct lasting impression. Yes.  Yes. Alright still on matters youth so how should they give us the one two threes of creating a good image presenting a good image when you go out there for an interview let's say we can start with an interview how do you create a good image before you even start to be questioned. Yes my main goal is to equip you with what I call my five piece my five piece start with your poise head to toe how you look how you dress it doesn't have to be expensive but it has to be the right thing the right colors the right cuts the right texture the right type of hair the right type of makeup the right type of nails all that and then the second P will be your presence presence yes how you fill up the room how do you overtake the room when you're there without doing too much the third element will be your presentation presentation how how you introduce yourself in social settings in professional settings how do you build that good rapport that is going to be convincing to your interviewer or you're even romantic prospect not necessarily career wise but how do you make that good impression that build rapport the fourth P is your posture for people who don't know posture talks a lot about your personality how you sit if you sit in a manner that you man spread your legs or you you take over the space you are using so much hand gestures you are front on the face our non verbose speaks a lot about ourselves I help you govern your non verbose so that you build confidence that takes over and this apply to introvert extroverted people to help you take over your body and really lead from within okay I help you build confidence from the call you don't have to depend on a good hair day you don't have to depend on free pimple day how do we become confidence with all those adversities that you are going through with that limitation on speech with not being so much eloquent how can I be confident without a British accent how can I be confident as a plus size girl how can I be confident with any other thing that should limit you the fourth P will be will be your presence as I know not your presentation skills and then from your presentation skills will be the power of partaking power of partaking yes how do I articulate how do I convince how do I learn take the person to the next level how do I convince the person here has the emotional intelligence part the convincing skills to help you navigate the social other or the professional other and the last P will be the power of parole power of parole parole how you speak do you have a tonality when you speak is there authority when you speak can people feel your gravitas when you speak you don't have to have a higher tone you don't have to have complicated words you don't have to have the whole dictionary in your head but there is power when you speak that that comes with wisdom that comes with knowledge and expertise okay yes those are my five rules that I write and and and coach young career people to break the career ceiling okay wow this is amazing and I want us to talk around this a little bit so that you can give them a tidbit I know you can't have everything here today my tidbits of all that some detail into it for the poise how should one how should one be what is the right way to force for the presence tell us a little bit about this let's start with poise poise it's basically your appearance head to toe and as I said it doesn't have to be expensive most of the people who come for my consultancy they say oh image consulting is very expensive I don't have many to do that I don't have to do ABCD doesn't have to be expensive I coach you on how to dress your body type in a manner that is going to give you a flattering image you can even choose to shop thrifted plude but you know at least you know your body you know your body type you know the colors that suit your skin tone and then how to match them in a manner that is going to give you visibility I didn't know colors so it's your skin tones that color that suits skin tones better than others let's say for me what colors would suit my skin to it like that read that bold read that you're wearing if you are to put for example a black waist on top of that blue dress it will not give you the same reflection it will not allow your skin to pop this red gives you authority okay it gives you power it gives you conviction but when you wear a black on top of the blue is going to dim your skin and it is going to affect the perception of authority that you have you are going to be less approachable when you wear black on black but when you put a raid against a blue or purple against red things like that compared to your skin tone there is a way it affect your visibility it affects it allows your skin to pop and it gives an impression of someone who is approachable who is bold who is intelligent who is blow you things like that okay wow a lot to just dressing yes just dressing alone can really talk a lot the hair texture I like that because hair texture also reflect authority it's not by accident that we see those big personal brands worldwide let's talk about women like when we say Michelle Obama for example there is already an image of a hair bulb that comes even though recently she has started changing her hairstyle she's enjoying her freedom so much but when she was in the office she maintained a certain hairstyle why because there is a perception she want to give to people that I am contented there's nothing wrong by repeating one style so you can just have one style yes that's your style that's your style when we talk about opera when we talk about Margaret Kenyatta for example let me talk local brand yeah there is a perception of a short hair well well well chopped well camped but still has authority that lady can afford any type of hair every single day but for her personal brand for leading perception about who she is as a person who is contented strong character she has one hair all through but there's nothing wrong ladies by keeping one type of hair that's inspiring encourage it when we speak about Caroline Mutoko for example she's one of the high TV personality yeah there's a type of hair that comes in the head when you speak about Caroline okay you see yeah these it's part of the treat that build character that shows a strong personality mm-hmm so ladies who are looking forward into building a career find a signature look that when they talk about Alice when they talk about you it is already a perception of your image okay yes they can quickly see you yes all right interesting now on to presence mm-hmm how do you establish your presence presence goes again with the characteristic of your personal brand how do you want to be perceived do you want to be perceived as someone who is bubbly as someone who is soft as someone who is approachable as someone who is grounded and imperative and depending on the character that you want I help you embody that character okay by having the quality that qualifies that are you a person who controls the room who makes their presence being felt when you enter a room because there are people in this world even if they enter the room even the rat don't respect them they just cross yes but there is a person who will enter the room and everything in that room they will recognize that she has come she has entered I like giving women that feeling that I take over without doing much and what does what do you need to do for someone who is an introvert but the brand needs them to need their presence to be felt when they enter a room yes how do you get them to get there because for an introvert you don't really want that tension yes but you might need the attention because of what your brand entails I think they had been a wrong connotation between being an introvert and being a timid person okay I am an introvert person but I dissociated my timidity from being an introvert so fighting that timidity and say I want to take over the room without doing much without shouting I don't have to do things that make me feel uncomfortable because being an introvert you are so guarded you don't want to be out there you don't want to do much you don't want to do a lot of talking yeah we are what we call people you don't know yes you want your space so how do I comfortably have my space and yet be discoverable by making your brand recognizable in the in the mass it need a special type of visibility that is not bold so how do I do that I present myself in a manner that I will be different from the rest without talking but the way I'm seated the way I talk the way I'm dressed the way I carry myself the way I talk to people your body language later offer a different experience with the little circle that you can handle and that will do the talking for the rest okay yeah very interesting now onto your presentation how do you build that this is another interesting part because when you know how to navigate social and professional circles in a manner that build rapport you are easily going to become interesting and people will remember you oh that's lady who did so who did that and that you will find someone's introducing themselves and say my name is so and so and I do one two three and you and what is one two three I do so many things at a time yeah I help young career people to find presentation tags that easily to remember the reason why so many people struggle with presentation it's because they don't have it already prepared it's like when you go to a closet full of clothes that are not well arranged and you are told pick a an outfit to wear going for dinner for example it's a mess and you always feel like I have nothing to wear so it is difficult to do a presentation that is complete and effective if you don't have it already prepared in your mind so you need to have different taglines that you're going to use in different settings and you just pick this when I'm in a social setting I just pick that when I'm in a professional setting I pick this so I help you construct your taglines for different settings for different settings so if you're in a professional networking event then no this is the tagline I need to use such a social setting going for dates then you know this is now the one that I'm picking yes then it makes it easier for you to know how to present yourself exactly okay makes a lot of sense yeah okay and now to posture now you've said posture and you also train them on confidence yes so give us details into this confidence is number one element that builds conviction when you have confidence it's easy to sell anything it's easy to pass is easy to pass your expertise there is a challenge that young people really face on the work market space where everyone is looking for experienced people true I think there is also a confusion people confuse expertise and experience they always think that the most experienced person is the most is the expert but that's not true because the expertise is they know how you can still have the skills with limited time of having practiced that and there are also people who have been in the industry for 10 to 15 years but they have just been there not doing so much the only way young people will make it to the ceiling top is to have those convincing skills because nowadays worldwide people buy people people follow those who knows who or who have done what and the only thing that is going to take you there is your level of confidence and people skills having the ability to convince having the ability to hold good conversation with people being a good listener people drop guidance moving from one guy to the other not necessarily because they lack expertise but because they have never had that particular extra with them they choose to go to another guy because he has more listening skills he's present he's taking time to listen to you to listen to what you want so this is the time to learn yes how to convince people how do I do I serve more extra to other people how do I become more convincing and more relevant to what people need people can find expertise everywhere but what keeps people what returns people to you it's not necessarily your expertise it's the extra service that you give them the extra care that you carry around that is the etiquette that is the part of feeling making them feel comfortable making them being hard mean being understood something simple as remembering people's name always calling them hey hi today you had a rendezvous with dr. So and so are you available do you remember that tomorrow you have your rendezvous or dropping them a simple email throughout the week how are you taking your medicine is there any side effect things like that the aftercare is what's written clients and the return the client it's easy to return a client that to have a new one new one coming on board yes yes all right and the clients that you have will also recommend others to you exactly so it's key either I don't really you will tell me your opinion about it but there's no any other marketing convincing tool as a mother of one mouth true when I refer you to my doctor you don't have to do a background check you have no doubt about yes you say oh I was referred by my mom I was referred by my friend I was referred by and it takes away the convincing part from the doctor because you have already done the marketing true so when you have your clients already on board find ways to return those because those are your ambassadors and only convincing skills people skills are the one I call them transferring skills because they are going to transfer you more clients they are going to take you further along in your career amazing I want to talk about confidence you had mentioned this when you stated on on this so confidence some people have everything they have the expertise but confidence is a problem so how would you advise where is confidence built from you know if someone comes to you and that's my liking how do you help them build it I would like to give you maybe a background check on that professionally I'm an econometrist okay so I did mathematics and and physics and from there I went to did my master's degree in statistics I was a researcher and I was this person who struggled a lot with confidence who struggled a lot with speaking in front of people wow look at you old scramble and cry my primary levels I was so bad when it comes to people confrontation okay I went to do mathematics basically because I wanted to avoid anything that makes me stand in front of people and it went on like that and I think and thank in being an introvert okay when I finished doing my studies I went to do the research because that's what what I studied for I would do a very good research very good writing but don't put me to do a presentation aha that's why you drew the line I remember one time when I finished a presentation one person who was supposed to find us to where we are used to work who say are you sure are you the same person and I'm like yeah I am because they were disconnected there was a complete disconnect and I say okay and that's when I realized I really have to work on this working on your confidence is it starts first by your mindset how you define yourself your limiting beliefs why do I think I can't talk why do I think I like the ability to convince why do I fear people what made me fear crowd go back and do the background check what made you fear crowd it is maybe something that starts from your childhood maybe your parent didn't approve you that much or maybe you have experienced so much bullying as a child maybe growing up there are so many things that happen to you that hindered your confidence in terms of image and start building that build that body confidence that is going to help you stand the odds okay and when you build that when you speak to those limiting belief and start the element of juggling helps a lot in building confidence because you are reaffirming yourself okay when you reaffirm yourself father and father and exercise speak speak to the mirror talk to yourself every morning when when you wake up try to do a public address okay in your bathroom things like that it works it works so much and I also help by teaching different techniques that I help I'm going to help you fight the fright when when when you want to speak and you feel a blockage somewhere what are the techniques that we use to help you camouflage fear would you mind mentioning a technique at least one yeah like when when when you are someone who fears speaking in the crowd or in during an interview for example you have to create what we call exit points okay exit points that the how you make your body contact your body to release that fear that that movement so you can use a thumb or you can use a point of contact on your legs for example the way you're doing or the way I'm doing try to press your one leg like that press it so hard okay place the leg down on the floor pick your left hand use this thumb and pull it press it and hide it with this pose it wow and how do you feel okay more relaxed and when you speak it number one is going to help you not use a lot of hand gestures most of the time we tend to use hand gestures when you're nervous okay when you do this it is going to give you a point of release from your upper body and that this is going to give you the point of release for your lower body so when you speak you are so grounded and the speech comes so easily so there is nothing that is blocking here because you have a point of release on the lower body on the upper body so these are some of the techniques that I train executives on how to maintain poise and how to speak with ease so that you portray confidence even if you feel so much nervous and don't show it won't show because everything it's all about creating good impression okay wow that's a I've gone in a hug yes when you are nervous wait when you want to submit your recognition are you like I don't know how to do this or just you know yes yes press this and then you hide yeah and press it you speak and then when you speak you have point of release on upper body and down body so you will not frown you will not freeze you will not feel if not feel a burning edge yeah congested so you are at you are at peace wow interesting amazing I'm sure there's so many so much more to it yes there are so much more there are many body language techniques that helps you portray confidence and build convincing skills that is going to help you become more convincing yeah wow I think we need a whole session just to to talk about confidence and how you can help the techniques that are there hopefully we're going to get her again to talk to us about it power of partaking he mentioned emotional intelligence tell us about it this this this is also another convincing layer when it comes to executive gravitas how do I portray that I am present regardless of what is going on in my mind regardless of my personal case how do I surmount that and showcase love kindness empathy warmth in my team in my junior or seniors at work how do I because we are supposed to come with love empathy even if I'm going through divorce yeah or even if my boyfriend has texted me it is over and just one made before you to do your presentation yes we are done like things like that because we have life and life comes with a lot of sauce so yeah you have to know how to navigate all that and wear different hearts in different rooms okay you are a mother your baby is sick how do I still come at work and still have that leadership capacity that I'm supposed to have and yet I'm going through a lot at home it's very important to have that amount of emotional intelligence to help you navigate the space so that you don't become that needy worker who is always whining or crying and again you so that you don't become too imperative to help you fetch the balance as you go along okay and how do you get to have good emotional intelligence how do you build on it you start by having that awareness of my strength my weaknesses my triggers what triggers me the most and now learn how to self-regulate how do I regulate my emotions how do I sometimes also embrace the vulnerability I also encourage executives that do not die inwardly trying to give a good impression to your employer it won't help how do I allow myself to be vulnerable times to times in my work space so that I don't forget to be a human okay yeah so how how okay how vulnerable can you be at your place of work depending on how your workspace is it's important to have your fundamental rights that is the freedom of expression that is if you feel tired for example and you are given an impossible deadline say I've been and well this time and I think this deadline for me is not working based on the task that the things I need to deliver I need maybe one more day I need two days things like that you can be vulnerable expressing about what you feel what you're going through in life and and what is going on in your in your work schedule claiming your boundaries as well it's important so many juniors are taking advantage in the workspace because they can't they don't have work boundaries yeah they can't say no they can't say no on long hours they can't say no on work loads they are always overloaded ask you you are young you just take this day was what are you doing on the weekend so you just can't we don't have a family you don't have a family you just come and do it exactly and even if I don't have a time to spend with the family family doesn't mean necessarily husband and wife can be me and my page it can be me and my closet yeah you and your friends it can be me and me alone yeah so it's important to have that emotional intelligence to claim your space to claim your time to stand on your standard and values and boundaries okay amazing finally on the piece that you give us power of parole and here you took you you mentioned that it's the authority that you give when you speak yes tell us a little bit more about that again this is also another interesting point because the level of intelligence the level of expertise that a person has to has to portray also comes with your expression it is when you speak that I'm able to notice how knowledgeable you are mm-hmm it's important to have deep knowledge in every area of your work if I'm into TV mm-hmm I have to be knowledgeable I have to know what is going on in the country in the world and it's important to be broad mm-hmm you have to have the right context you have to have the right words mm-hmm and you have to know how to speak in a manner that you take the person with you as you speak so I train you techniques on how you speak in a relatable manner okay yeah don't speak for the sake of speaking don't speak about the country you traveled okay there are people who you will interview there from Italy they will be telling you in Italy things are like that things are like that speak the context of something that is relatable mm-hmm take people with you as you speak how so pardon how do you take people with you as you speak try to pull them in your emotion try to pull them as you go it's like when you are reading a book mm-hmm you imagine the scene as you read okay the speech should do the same in a visual mode that I'm taking you through my speech to experience what I'm speaking and that gives the conviction part because I'm allowing you to go and imagine a scene in your speak so by the time we have done you're already convinced to purchase whatever I'm selling alright interesting yeah wow amazing I mean they are hacks to everything yes that's why you see some leaders are very easy to convince when it comes to voting because they have not those parol techniques that they take you through you don't even have to wait for the day you have already voted them yeah you've already decided from the first speech and yes they have their first campaign from you're already there you have already said this one I will give yeah okay because they have a mastery of this and there are others who have a very nice political manifesto who have a very good road map but their body language it's off it's off it's not convinced you see you were lying all through I know you won't do what you say exactly okay alright this is amazing before we finish advantage to touch on etiquette because this is also what you do tell us a bit about etiquette how are you supposed to carry out yourself when you're in business okay some business etiquette some dining etiquette professional how do you carry yourself etiquette is another element that really helps us navigate social and professional circles it's another element that that convinced the person that they are safe around you that they are safe giving you their money that they are safe employing you because they're seeing how you carry yourself and that is the importance of good manners okay your expertise may give you the job but what will retain you there what will keep you there is how you carry yourself very important I would say some basic basic basic basic business etiquette is the ability to be polite when you speak to people especially those who are lower than you the way you carry yourself the patience that you show and the respect that you carry in the office not necessarily when your senior is there because everyone is supposed to be respectful when seniors are there but how do you carry yourself to the lower staff to the people who are very subordinate I would say in a one-on-one setting not talking back it's a very good sign not talking back yes of good etiquette not interrupting people when they are speaking there are people who you are speaking to they say not to interrupt you and you're already doing it yeah not standing in the in front of in front of a lift when people are still coming out you're already wanting to go in yeah it's poor etiquette gossip in in our in our professional setting it's poor etiquette yeah not being punctual it's poor etiquette I would say all those lack of ethics can really display poor etiquette and compromise on your ability to convince how good you are as a leader or how good you are as a teammate yeah okay interesting this are basic things that we ought to know but sometimes we ignore yet they're you know they're good etiquettes to exercise what about dining etiquette sometimes you go to a networking event and people are dining so how do you carry yourself in such a setup oh yeah so unless we do a whole show on that number one thing I see is over-indulging oh okay when you go in a professional gala night and drink and drink and dance in a loose manner over-serving yourself there you go and you have a whole mountain like you know you're not going to get the same house when you go for professional dining or executive dining it's not time for eating yeah time to create good rapport so that you convince the other person that you're the right person to close the deal with okay so you don't serve to fulfill yourself it's something that you're going to pass time on as you speak as you converse it's time to build good rapport with the other person it's not time to indulge it's not time to really taste a first dish that you have ever wanted to try because it can give you a very bad experience okay so you you try out things that you're on your own on solo dates don't try to eat for example don't try to eat sushi if you have never tried it before if you don't know how to use the chopsticks if you don't know how to dip in the soy sauce and eat in a right manner if you know that is your first time okay and I know there's a whole you know there's a lot to eat in terms of dining how you're supposed to you know eat using the forks and knives and everything and maybe we're going to have a session but that's some other time yes but now I want to give you a chance to say something to the youth you mostly deal with executives understand but what advice would you give to the youth on matters image refinement and etiquette this is your camera you can speak there I would I would tell you that don't sleep on your talent don't sleep on your talent refine your image and get the presence and presentation skills that you need to be able to replace these old people who don't want to leave the seat because the only thing that is making them stay there it's because they have convinced the crowd that they have the experience and the only way you can be able to break in it's to have those convincing skills to have those people skills that that are going to help you showcase your expertise refining your image doesn't cost you as much as lack of it will cost you people will judge your appearance people will judge your presence skills people will try to caught you in a way that you look unprofessional simply because you look unrefined and that has nothing to do with your expertise but before you showcase what you can do before you showcase your know how you have to look the path and the only way you look the path is to have a refined image a convincing presence and having that ability to read to be a relatable person in your career wonderful thank you very much for the amazing amazing insights on this we hope to have you back again with us obviously alright that has been coach Alice Mojira who's an image and etiquette consultant talking to us about image refinement and etiquette if you like personal branding I hope you have taken something from it if you join in late though why are you going to get it on YouTube as soon as it as it's uploaded uploaded on Y254 channel remember to also converse with us the hashtag is wine the morning my personal handle is it's Stephanie I yet so we're going to take a short break and then we'll be right back with MCM Brian Sakua will be there for that


You can't control someone else's behaviour, but at the same time you can't let someone's ill-managed attitude provoke you. Hi guys, this is Asha Singhal and here are four ways intelligent people deal with toxic behaviour. Root behaviour is catching. It tends to trigger more negative behaviour, but if we can see that these negative behaviours hamper our productivity, our happiness and our health, we can recognise the importance of putting a stop to such conduct. Root behaviour can spread like a disease if you let it. One act of fruitiness can easily spiral and cause other acts of fruitiness, spreading foul tempers and poor behaviour in its wake. You have it in your power to stop that cycle of fruitiness. Don't let a rude person cause you to respond with more of the same. One of the best ways to diffuse the rude and negative behaviour is to stay friendly and positive. This gives the other person a chance to calm down and address their behaviour to match yours. Another tactic to stop the spiral of rudeness is to simply call them out on their behaviour and ask them to stop.  There is no need for you to take ongoing abuse from anyone. Have a great and toxic free day ahead.


I am Francesco Longo, I am an astrophysicist. I am also associate professor in experimental physics at the University of Trieste. For the research activities I am associate to the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics. Since the master degree I have been working on transient sources. For this reason I am currently the coordinator of a transient and multi-webland science group for the CTA consortium. Transient sources are celestial sources that vary the level of the intensity of their light emission in relatively short times. Observing varying phenomena is quite rare in our lights. So for example the explosion of massive stars called supernovae is quite rare phenomenon. Transient events are characterized by a large power. The energy that they emit is concentrated in a short amount of time. So being so powerful the transient event has a huge density of energy. So this huge density allows efficient particle acceleration processes. These sources can emit both electron and protons that then emit the very high energy emission that the CTA might reveal. CTA will reveal several examples of transient sources, several types of them. So we might find the explosion of stars at the origin of the universe. Mergers of neutron star events, these are the final stages of evolution of massive stars. Both these events emit a short powerful episode of gamma ray. These are called gamma ray bursts. These gamma ray bursts or G-armys are characterized by two phases. The first one, called prompt, lasts at maximum few minutes. The second one, called the afterglow, is a much longer emission, normally emitting photos in the X-rays down to the optical and the radio bands. This afterglow phase lasts up to days or even weeks. This discovery allowed the community to understand that these brief and intense flashes of gamma ray radiation were originated by sources located at the highest known distances. So the most distant source known so far is a gamma ray burst, originated when the universe had only 500 million years. Nowadays the universe has 13.7 billion years. So this source was originated when the universe was really heavy. Gamma ray bursts are then proving the very early universe. Other transient sources that CTA might reveal are associated with supermassive black holes. They reside at the center of galaxies differently from the Milky Way. In some cases a fraction of them show a very high activity in their center. They are called active galactic nuclei. These sources have an erratic behavior. They show transient events very often. I hope that for sure CTA will detect gamma ray bursts of long and short duration. They are associated to different progenitors. So far we know that long gamma ray bursts emit very high energy radiation, not yet the short one. So I hope that CTA will be able to get one thing. We have a reasonable hope to detect emission of very high energy in co-incident with gravitational wave events. In this case the capability of CTA to rapidly slew to the direction of a transient event is crucial because we can get the transient event detected in other wavelengths when still the source is active. It is also crucial the capability of the CTA that analyses to find transient sources in our own data. This is also the same amount of time, like 30 seconds. So CTA will be able to find if a transient source is present in the data stream in less than one minute. This will be communicated to the world and the location of this new very high energy transient can be pinpointed by other instruments. The daily life of a transient astrophysicist and astrophysicist working on transient sources like itself is quite challenging. I should say not only the daily life but also the likely life because whenever you are on shift as a burst advocate you shall be ready to react as soon as possible to a possible alert on a transient source. This fast reaction might result in a brief communication to all the telescopes that something has been observed by CTA and communicate its location and its first properties to other observers in other wavelengths that might decide to point to the same direction and get the source when it is still active. So the attention should be continuous, you shall be always ready to react to any kind of alert. The sky is so variable that transient activity is really, really challenging.


Silicate mesoporous materials have received widespread interest due to their potential applications as supports for catalysis, separation, selective adsorption, novel functional materials, and uses hosts to confine guest molecules with extremely high surface areas combined with large and uniform pore sizes. These materials can be tailored during synthesis by variation of reactant stoichiometry, surfactant molecule, auxiliary chemicals, reaction conditions, or post-synthesis functionalization techniques. This article was authored by Zeta A. L. Othman.


Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. Welcome Weirdos, I'm Terran Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, the strange and bizarre, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. Coming up in this episode... True crime lovers will most readily admit that the strange cases are the juiciest. Some cases are bizarre, some are odd, others can be brutal, but whatever your preference, I've got some of the weirdest ones to share with you. It seems most all states or territories in Northern America have their own version of a big, hairy, bipedal creature we've all come to call Bigfoot. Ohio has their own, which has been dubbed the Grass Man. Residents of Christ Church and the surrounding areas of Canterbury in New Zealand would suffer two huge earthquakes within six months, one September 2010, then another February 2011. And if the hundreds of souls who perished wasn't enough, it appears the earth cracking open as it did unleashed something evil from the bowels of hell.  But some cases are so severe or brutal they rise to the surface and point out just how evil some people can be, such as Elizabeth Brownrig, who was hanged for her crimes, and deservedly so. But first, slicked back hair, black cape, long white canines, maybe a mesmerizing stare, the image of the vampire has become iconic, if not a bit predictable. But blood-sucking creatures around the world aren't all the same, and while the traditional look of a vampire might frighten some, there are much more terrifying versions to fear in the night. We begin there. If you're new here, welcome to the show. And while you're listening, be sure to check out WeirdDarkness.com for merchandise, to visit sponsors you hear about during the show, sign up for my newsletter and our contests. Connect with me on social media, plus you can visit the Hope in the Darkness page if you're struggling with depression or dark thoughts. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com.  Perhaps no fear is more primal than that of being consumed. That ancient terror is likely the root of the blood-sucker myths that darken folklore around the world. Vampire myths and tales of other blood-sucking creatures of the night are found in just about every culture across the globe and date back centuries. Each story takes on its own sinister dimensions. In some regions, blood-drinkers are demons or evil spirits with the power to possess and reanimate the dead. In others, vampire lore shares some grisly details with the werewolf legend, as the creatures were said to shift their shapes. As for the dreadful creatures that were rumored to haunt Germany, they fed on fear as much as on blood. These vampires from around the world still frighten as much as they fascinate. Discover their stories and maybe consider investing in some garlic. Many Celtic fairies were believed to have a less-than-whimsical diet. On the Isle of Man, it was once tradition to leave water out each night for the fairies, or they would drink the blood of those asleep inside the house. Some said the fairies would even bake the family's blood in a blood cake and hide it in the house. If the people didn't find and consume the cake, they would wither away and die. A malevolent entity known as the Alp is said to haunt the people of Germany, especially young women. More specifically, any woman who commits an unforgivable sin while pregnant, like eating something unclean, will suffer at the hands of an Alp. The Alp enters humans through their mouths by turning into mist or a snake or by using its tongue. Then it plagues its victims with terrifying nightmares. Fits, sleepwalking and night seizures are all the work of an Alp.   The Mesopotamian lamastu prefers newborns and will stalk a mother until the moment she gives birth. Then she will swoop in and eat the baby's flesh and drink its blood. An ancient incantation against her reads, Great is the daughter of heaven who tortures babies. Her hand is a net, her embrace is death, she is cruel, raging, angry, predatory, a runner, a thief is the daughter of heaven. Vampiric lore in India includes tales of a creature known as Vitalis. These entities are said to lurk around cemeteries and feed on corpses. The Vitalis can inhabit corpses as well and may impersonate dead animals as well as dead people. These creatures of the night are said to take a special pleasure in killing children, causing miscarriages and spreading destruction. One Irish legend tells the chilling tale of the Dagdur. Her name in Gaelic means red blood sucker and she was once a beautiful young woman who was forced into an abusive marriage. She committed suicide but rose from her grave as a vampire. Her first mission was to kill her husband and her father but she didn't stop there and supposedly still continues to feed on young men. Like a siren she lures them out into the night as they sleep and drains them of life. According to Filipino lore, the Oswang is an incredibly attractive, seemingly normal woman by day. She may even be married and have children but by night she is a demonic, blood-sucking bird. She has a long, hollow tongue that she slides through open windows or ceiling cracks and inserts into her sleeping victims, sucking their blood like nectar.  According to Hindu lore, Pishacha can drive you insane. These flesh-eating demons have dark skin with bulging veins and prominent red eyes protruding from their sockets. Like many creatures with vampiric attributes, they have the power to shapeshift. This particular breed, however, is also able to become invisible and feeds on human energies, invades their minds and even alters their thoughts.  The Romani people put their own twist on vampire stories. In their tales, female vampires returned to married life after rising from the grave.  Male vampires could father children and those children would have special senses when it came to vampire detection. Known as Dampirs, the half-vampires could later become professional vampire hunters. The Lelitu are descendants from Lilith, a demon queen of Hebrew lore. In Jewish texts, Lilith was Adam's first wife and was cast out of the Garden of Eden for refusing to be subservient to him. From there, her name became demonized and legends describing her as a succubus came about. Lilith and her horde of demonic children are said to feed on flesh and blood in the night and while they'll dine on men, they prefer to sink their teeth into babies. The Bruxa of Portugal are female vampiric spirits that were once witches and their powers are said to come from Satan himself. They're able to shapeshift into the form of many animals including wolves, but they most often appear as birds of prey and are known to swoop down on travelers and feed greedily on the blood of small children. And the Draugur is a mythical Icelandic ghost with some vampiric tendencies. The spirit seeks out humans to drive mad and can enter a person's dreams. The creature enjoys drinking blood, but may also consume its victim's flesh. According to lore, Draugur were created when a Viking failed to die honorably. Its spirit would come back as a reeking, hulking figure with a penchant for crushing human prey. Up next, true crime lovers will most readily admit the strange cases are the juiciest. Some cases are bizarre. Some are odd. And at the same time, they can also be brutal. But whatever your preference, I've got some of the weirdest ones to share with you. I want to take a quick moment and thank everybody who has so far donated to our Overcoming the Darkness campaign. Yesterday was our kickoff for it, so it was only the first day and we've already, at the time of this recording, have brought in $433 towards our $5,000 goal. A big thanks to Amanda, who donated $38. Jacqueline donated $100. We had a couple of anonymous gifts come in for $20 and $100 again. Randy came in with $20. Trisha just this morning brought in $5. Thank you, Trisha. And Tamara is our biggest gift so far, coming in at $150 for a single gift. All of these people are giving to help people who struggle with depression. That is what our Overcoming the Darkness campaign every October is all about. All of the funds that I raise go to organizations that help people who are struggling in that. And our very first gift came in from Amanda and she also, at the same time, sent me an email to tell me how important this campaign is and how special it is to her. She wrote, Dear Darren, I made a donation, I believe the first one, to your Overcoming the Darkness campaign in honor of my brother Charlie, who I lost on September 1st. I spent weeks telling myself that I was okay, that my grief was normal and I could get through it. What people don't realize is that victims' families of suicide can also spiral into a depression and have suicidal thoughts. With the help of your resources and learning about 988, which I feel most people still don't know about, I was able to get the help I needed and start the healing process. Just wanted to let you know that your resources and hope in the darkness helped so that my family didn't have to deal with another fatality. Healing can be a painful process to families and I wanted you to know. Thank you for everything you do. It makes a big difference. Keep up the good work and continue to spread your light into this world. Sincerely, Amanda in Alabama. Amanda, thank you so much for not only being the first person to give this year for our Overcoming the Darkness campaign, but just for sharing your thoughts and feelings here in this email. I really appreciate that. I hope it was okay that I shared this with everybody else because it lets people know how important this campaign is. I'm also extremely sorry to hear about your brother, but I'm also glad that you were able to get the help you needed from our Hope in the Darkness page. If Amanda's words touch you and you need help perhaps with your own thoughts of harm or depression, you can go to WeirdDarkness.com slash Hope and there's a lot of resources there that you can reach out to to help get whatever it is that you need. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Hope. That's also where you can go to get involved in our Overcoming the Darkness campaign. If you'd like to keep up with the tally throughout the day and throughout the next few days, I do have that on the WeirdDarkness website. Whether you're reading a true crime article, listening to a podcast or watching a show, the weirdest true crime cases are often the ones that stick the longest. While some cases are just plain weird, others can be as equally odd as they are terrifying. Take Carl Tansler, who kept his beloveds remains in his home for seven years, regularly buying new clothes for her corpse. Then there's Daniel Plant, who held a family hostage in their basement with a hatchet. The world of true crime is full of bizarre stories that can seem too strange to possibly be true, until you realize that they were all real people with real lives that were suddenly upended. And we're about to explore some of the strangest and creepiest cases throughout true crime history. Around 3 a.m. December 22, 1939, a blindfolded man stumbled onto a snowy highway in Mishawaka, Indiana and was immediately hit by a car and killed. The man turned out to be 44-year-old factory worker Stephen Melky. Melky was found with his hands bound behind his back and both his eyes and mouth had been covered with surgical tape. Inside his mouth, police found a handkerchief covered in red lipstick. The police investigation revealed that Melky had been dropped off by a vehicle about 140 feet from the place he was struck. While initially bound at the ankles, he managed to free his legs and walked blindfolded through the snow before crossing the highway. More perplexing though was the parallel set of footprints through the snow, suggesting that the person responsible for tying him up was also following him. Some even theorize that Melky was pushed onto the road. Three suspects were taken into custody, including local Tavern waitress, Bertel DeVos and her fiancé, Alan Polomsky. Melky and DeVos reportedly had some sort of relationship that made Polomsky jealous and he had been seen fighting with Melky prior to his passing. Another man involved with DeVos, George Smith, had also argued with Melky before the incident. While all three were questioned, none of the tire tracks from their cars were determined to match those of the car that dropped off Melky. No one was ever apprehended and Melky's case remains unsolved. On August 28, 2003, a man walked into a Pennsylvania bank and handed a note to the teller demanding $250,000. The note also warned that a bomb would go off if he didn't get the money. Leaving the bank with just $8,000, the man was surrounded by police and revealed himself to be Brian Wells, a pizza delivery driver who had been forced to rob the bank. He claimed the device around his neck was a bomb and it eventually went off in front of police and media, healing Wells. Police soon uncovered detailed instructions in Wells' car of actions he would need to complete to turn off the bomb, including the bank heist. But they determined that there was no way that Wells could possibly have finished all the tasks before the device exploded. Authorities would later attribute the block to three people, Marjorie D. Alarmstrong, Kenneth Barnes, and William Rothstein. After Wells' death, Rothstein turned on D. Alarmstrong, even leading police to a body he kept in his freezer for her, that of her ex-boyfriend James Rodin. Investigators believe D. Alarmstrong killed Rodin after he threatened to inform police about the impending bank heist. D. Alarmstrong was alleged to be the mastermind of the robbery, reportedly needing the money so she could have a hit taken out on her father, who she wrongly believed to be wealthy. For her part, D. Alarmstrong claimed that Rothstein was the real brains of the operation. Debate remains on whether Brian Wells had any involvement in the plot or not. D. Alarmstrong was eventually sentenced to life in prison in 2011. She passed away in prison and was buried in an unmarked grave in 2017. The complicated case gained attention the same year with the release of a Netflix docu-series centering on D. Alarmstrong, called Evil Genius. In 1986, Tina and Karen Bowen, 15 and 9 years old respectively, began noticing items moving and disappearing in their Pepperell, Massachusetts home. They wondered if the source of the disturbance was a ghost, but their father Frank simply thought their imaginations were running wild. Everything changed on December 8, 1986, when a teenage boy with spiked hair suddenly appeared in the family's home and forced them into an upstairs bedroom. He wore face paint and wielded both a hatchet and a wrench. The family's eldest daughter, Tina Bowen, escaped through a window and called police, but when they arrived to investigate, the boy was gone. Two days later, Frank Bowen returned to their home to collect some belongings when he saw the boy staring out of a second floor window. This time, police found the boy, 16-year-old Daniel LaPlante, hiding in a wall cavity in the family's bathroom. LaPlante had been secretly living in the Bowen's home for days, slowly tormenting the family before finally revealing himself. The space where LaPlante hid was just large enough for him to squat in place, and he apparently even slept this way, all while the family continued using the bathroom. LaPlante was arrested and sent to juvenile hall but received a lenient sentence. One year later, in 1987, LaPlante murdered a woman named Priscilla Gustafson and her two young children in their home. He received three life sentences for his crimes and began practicing wicca in prison. Donna Dahl was last seen leaving her job at the school library on October 2, 1970, before disappearing. Dahl was a 21-year-old senior at Northern Illinois University who was studying Russian and planned to be a teacher. Dahl's remains were found in a cornfield about a mile from the university nine days after she went missing. The coroner marked her cause of death as suffocation with a bag or pillow, but something didn't add up. To begin with, even though the COD was suffocation, no fibers were found in Dahl's mouth. Furthermore, there were mystery substances found in her system that couldn't be identified. Perhaps the oddest finding was that Dahl had apparently eaten five to six pounds of potatoes before she was murdered. Dahl's killer has never been identified and the case remains open. In July 2019, authorities in Vatican City received a new tip in a 35-year-old cold case. In 1983, 15-year-old Emanuella Orlandi, the daughter of a Vatican employee, disappeared in Vatican City on her way home from a music lesson and was never seen again. The anonymous tip said to look where the statue of an angel was pointing, leading investigators to the tombs of two 19th-century German princesses in the Pontifical Teutonic College. Although Orlandi's remains were not found, two aguaries containing thousands of bones were discovered. It was eventually determined that the bones were at least 100 years old and belonged to dozens of unknown individuals. On October 4, 1986, NBC News anchor Dan Rather was walking home from dinner when he realized two men were following him. The men began asking Rather, Kenneth, what is the frequency? When Rather explained they had the wrong person, the men began beating Rather, who fled into a nearby apartment building. Rather's attack made headlines and became a part of pop culture, with songs and a graphic novel containing the altered phrase, what's the frequency, Kenneth? R.E.M. even released a hit single of the same name in 1994. That same year, a man named William Tager shot and killed a stage hand on The Today Show. Tager claimed NBC had been sending messages to him through the television. In 1997, Tager confessed to being one of the men who attacked Rather over a decade earlier. Tager claimed to be a time traveler and said that Rather resembled his timeline's Vice President, Kenneth Burroughs. While the case seemed solved, the other man involved in the assault on Rather has never been identified. Also, some have continued to theorize about other possible motives for the attack. Some have connected the incident to author Donald Barthelmi, who wrote a story with a character named Kenneth and the line, what's the frequency? Others believe the real target was a man named Ken Schaefer, who found a way to use satellite dishes to receive Soviet television broadcasts towards the end of the Cold War when they weren't available in the U.S. As many wanted to know how Schaefer was accessing the signals, what's the frequency might have been a logical question to ask him. Schaefer set up these broadcasts for the public, and one such visitor was Dan Rather. Rather and Schaefer even talked outside of the broadcasting event. The same night, he was later attacked. We've covered this story more than once here in Weird Darkness, but it's so strange and dark it deserves repeating. In 1931, 54-year-old radiology technician Carl Tanzler fell in love with 22-year-old Maria Elena Milagro de Hoyos. Tanzler had met Hoyos at the hospital that he worked at in Key West, where she was being treated for tuberculosis. Though not qualified to treat tuberculosis, Tanzler claimed that he could cure Hoyos, but she succumbed to her illness in October 1931. A grief-stricken Tanzler paid for Hoyos' mausoleum and would visit her corpse every night for the following two years. In 1933, Tanzler took Hoyos' corpse out of the mausoleum and brought it back to his home, unbeknownst to her family, where he lived with the corpse for seven years. He kept the body from decomposing by stuffing it with rags and wire hangers and covering the body in Plastora, Paris. Hoyos' body was eventually removed from the home in 1940 after a neighborhood boy saw Tanzler dancing with what the boy claimed to be a giant doll. Charges were pressed against Tanzler for grave robbery, but he eventually walked free, as the statute of limitations had expired. In fact, the media portrayed the ordeal as a romantic story, often mentioning that Tanzler believed he could someday bring Hoyos back to life. In 1991, Leslie Howell and Trevor Buchanan were found deceased, their bodies in a fume-filled car. Investigators concluded that the two had committed suicide after learning of the affair between their respective spouses, Colin Howell and Hazel Stewart. It wasn't until 2009 that Colin Howell, an esteemed dentist, confessed that he and Stewart had murdered their spouses and made it look like a double suicide. Howell had first eliminated his own wife, attaching his baby's feeding bottle to a garden hose and running it into the house, gassing her with carbon monoxide while she slept. He then went to the house Buchanan and Stewart shared and did the same thing to Buchanan, staging their bodies in the car and inventing the suicide story. After his relationship with Stewart later ended, Howell got remarried to a woman with the surname of Kyle. He told his new wife what he had done in 1998 and though she said she urged him to confess, he swore her to secrecy. Howell was known to be deeply religious and followed certain signs to let him know when and how he should confess. As a dentist, Howell was also accused of assaulting female patients while they were under sedation. After the arrest, his second wife described Howell as follows. Everyone thought he was this great Christian guy but they were so wrong. He was a monster. Colin Howell and Hazel Stewart were both convicted for the 1991 murders with Howell sentenced to a minimum of 21 years in prison and Stewart to a minimum of 18 years. In 2015, 45-year-old David Hampson of Swansea, Wales was found guilty of breaching a criminal behavior order and being mute of malice. Beginning in 2014, Hampson developed a habit of standing in front of cars to prevent traffic from moving. When police would speak to him, he wouldn't say anything. However, Hampson was known to have the ability to speak. Hampson had previously been taken into custody for stopping traffic and would commit the same offense as soon as he got out of jail. At one point, he even climbed on the hood of a mail van and pressed his face against the glass. The jury in Hampson's trial found him unanimously guilty after deliberating for five minutes. On August 29, 2016, Mark and Jacoba Trump, along with their three children, fled their home just outside Melbourne, Australia. Mark and Jacoba believed their lives were in danger and made their three adult children, Rihanna, Ella and Mitchell, leave their phones and other identifying belongings behind. As the trip wore on, the children began leaving. Mitchell left after it was discovered he had brought his cell phone and his parents made him throw it out the window. Rihanna and Ella stole a car but later separated. Rihanna was found catonic in the back of a stranger's car. Jacoba and Mark were then somehow separated from each other. Jacoba was eventually found wandering in Yass, Australia, in an agitated state and received psychiatric care along with Rihanna. Mark was the last Trump family member to be found, six days after the trip began, on the side of a road near Wangarata Airport. Based on the back and forth directions of their movements, it didn't seem as though the Trump family had any destination in mind. Authorities did not believe that the family was in any actual danger or that anyone was out to get them. They weren't in any debt, there was no evidence of drug use and none of the family members had any history of mental illness. Some theorized that the Trumps could have been affected by chemicals on the family farm. Others believed that the family was suffering from a collective delusion known as folia due or madness of two. The term was coined for a French couple in the 1800s who shared the same paranoid delusions with each other. Doctors couldn't tell which had become psychotic first, as the couple had evidently fallen into a cycle where they each reinforced the false beliefs of the other. However, we may not ever know what caused the unusual incident, as members of the Trump family were also mystified. As Ella Trump put in a press conference, it is very confusing. I still feel confused. I think our state of minds wasn't in the best place, and yeah, I can't even really. There's no one reason for it, it's bizarre. A millionaire Marty Markowitz claims that his psychiatrist Isaac Ike Hershkoff took over his life for 30 years, beginning in 1981. Hershkoff allegedly made his patient set up a foundation that Markowitz funded, but was controlled by Hershkoff. Hershkoff would host parties for the foundation at Markowitz's Hampton's home and forced Markowitz to serve guests as part of the catering staff. Hershkoff would also reportedly persuade Markowitz to disinherit his sister and subsequently rewrite his will to leave his entire state to the foundation Hershkoff controlled. He also gave Hershkoff power of attorney. Markowitz told Forward Magazine, I was living a lie when I was with Ike. Ike suckered me into this cult of Ike and I was spending six or seven hours a week with him. He kept me constantly busy transcribing his handwritten books, throwing these parties, and I didn't appreciate what was going on. He didn't let me have a girlfriend.   Markowitz eventually broke ties with Hershkoff in 2010 and Hershkoff lost his medical credentials based on testimony from Markowitz and two other patients. The story was turned into a limited series called The Shrink Next Door starring Paul Rudd and Will Ferrell. Coming up, residents of Christ's Church and the surrounding areas of Canterbury in New Zealand would suffer two huge earthquakes within six months, one September 2010, then another February 2011. And if the hundreds of souls who perished wasn't enough, it appears the earth cracking open as it did unleashed something evil from the bowels of hell. But first, it seems most all states or territories in Northern America have their own version of a big, hairy, bipedal creature we've all come to call Bigfoot. And Ohio has their own, which has been dubbed The Grass Man. That story is up next on Weird Darkness. October is the anniversary of Weird Darkness and we celebrate by raising funds to help people who suffer from depression. Chantel wrote in saying, I had fairly aggressive postpartum depression three years ago. I work as a reservist in the Canadian Armed Forces and full-time as a correctional officer. I didn't know about the Weird Darkness podcast when I was dealing with my postpartum. However, due to my past medical history and my two jobs that almost guarantee me to have some type of mental illness in the future, I am glad that there is a soft place to fall other than the usual government-funded sites. Chantel is right. The organizations that we're raising funds for this month, Seven Cups, iFRED and the National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline are all funded by donors like you and me who understand the importance of these resources being available. You can make a donation now of any amount by visiting WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming or click the link in the show notes. We all know someone who struggles with depression whether we know it or not. It's something that those who suffer tend to deal with in silence in the shadows. But the organizations we are supporting with our annual Overcoming the Darkness fundraiser this month are working to make it easier for those in the darkness to come into the light, to find help, and to learn that they're not alone, that there are ways to overcome the darkness and live normal lives. I'm evidence of that myself. I too suffer from depression. Our goal is to raise at least 5,000 this month, but the more we raise, the more people we can help to climb out of their own personal darkness. If you've not donated yet or if you want to give again or maybe you'd like to grab the link and share the fundraiser on your own social media and challenge others to give, visit WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. The fundraiser ends on Halloween, so please give right now while you're thinking about it, WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. The legend of Bigfoot appears in various regions across America. These cryptids may vary in description, traits, and body odors, but they've all captured the collective curiosity of dedicated cryptologists and casual Bigfoot fans alike. In the Buckeye state, locals whisper about a creature called the Ohio Grass Man. The Buckeye Bigfoot is far from the only creepy thing from Ohio, but it is one of the most interesting. Its alleged sociability, stench, and varying accounts of whether or not the Grass Man is vicious make this cryptid fascinating. The Ohio Grass Man is often physically described in the same manner as Bigfoot. It is large, standing between 6 and 8 feet tall, and weighing anywhere between 500 and 800 pounds. The creature is covered in hair, typically described by alleged witnesses as dark, reddish brown or black. The Ohio Grass Man is also known for its eyes, which many who claim to have seen the creature say are menacing and red. An 1869 article in the Hillside Standard describes the creature's eyes as burning and maniac. People who claim to have seen Bigfoot typically say they've seen the creature on its own. The Ohio Grass Man, however, has said to travel in packs of up to five creatures. Enthusiasts believe this means the Grass Man is a much more social pack-like creature than Bigfoot. Some accounts even describe seeing a mother Grass Man with childlike Grass Man. While Bigfoot is known for its fear-inducing howls and roars, the Grass Man is known for a different guttural cry. People who have allegedly seen the Ohio Grass Man say that it cries like a baby and screams as if it were a woman. Given that some witnesses have claimed to have seen a mother Grass Man with her children, this alleged cry could be coming from different ages and genders of the cryptid. The Ohio Grass Man might have a description similar to Bigfoot, but the Ohio creature's diet differentiates it from the most famous cryptid. According to enthusiasts, the Grass Man is partial to eating the tall grasses of its habitat. Some Ohioans have said that they spotted the beast at the edges of farms munching on things like wheat. Roughly 50% of Ohio is considered prime farmland by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which means there are plenty of places for this alleged beast to snack. Even if you can't see the Grass Man, believers say you sure can smell him. The massive creature reportedly reeks of rotten eggs. The wiser field guide to cryptozoology describes the beast's scent as a wild odor. The Grass Man also might wipe its feces on trees, which only adds to its awful scent. The creature's stench might be aggressive, but many cryptid enthusiasts believe that the Grass Man himself is anything but when it comes to human interactions. In 1869, the Grass Man became one of the first cryptids to get its own newspaper story. The article ran in the Hillsdale Standard, a Michigan newspaper, and was called Harry Man Attacks. The paper referred to the creature as a wild man who appeared naked and covered with hair. The article also alleges that the mysterious creature went after a father and his daughter as they made their way through Gaulia County, Ohio, by carriage. The father and daughter said they had to fight for their lives. Fortunately, the daughter was able to fend off this vicious creature with a bash of a rock to the ear. Reportedly, the beast simply got up and walked away after that, uninterested in pursuing them further. In 1978, the Catons had their first encounter with the alleged Grass Man. Evelyn and Hal Caton were sitting inside when their children came inside screaming. The kids said they saw a monster and a gravel pit nearby. When the parents went out to investigate, Evelyn claims she saw a seven-foot-tall, 300-pound beast with dark hair. According to her account, the creature simply stood there until she ran away. This wasn't the Caton's only encounter with the Grass Man, though. In fact, the Grass Man visited frequently enough that one of the Caton daughters started referring to him as a pet. The Catons said the creature never really bothered them, but they always knew when he was there due to his strong stench. Residents of Christ Church and the surrounding areas of Canterbury in New Zealand would suffer two huge earthquakes within six months. The first occurred in September 2010, with the second coming in February 2011. The death toll would enter the hundreds, and the damage was of an astronomical cost. On top of this real loss, a surge of paranormal incidents and reports would surface in the days and months following the events. Some researchers began to connect the two, as if the earthquake had somehow brought forth something from deep within the earth. This phenomenon of paranormal and unusual sightings and the run-up to or in the immediate aftermath of such catastrophic events occurs more than we might think. Perhaps the story of Alan and Sandra Bennett is one of the more chilling of the accounts to later emerge. In the case of the Bennett's, their strange encounter would actually begin in the days leading up to the earthquake. One morning in September 2010, Alan answered the knocking on his front door. In front of him, he could see a strange, menacing looking man on his doorstep. In his hand was a large manila envelope, which he would hand to Alan before leaving without saying a word. The envelope contained an unsettling black-and-white photograph of the Bennett's house, but how it looked in the 1930s. Alan kept the picture for several days before he tore it to pieces. For reasons he didn't understand, he was unable to stand it being in his home any longer. When the first earthquake brought chaos and misery to the town the following day, the Bennett's property would suffer extended and severe damage. They themselves, though, were unhurt. However, according to Alan, he could now sense a presence in the house, a threatening presence at that. In fact, Alan believed the feel of the property their dream home had now changed and he couldn't explain why. He would keep remembering the strange, dark-dressed man with the creepy photograph of his property from years ago. Did it have anything to do with the earthquake and the atmosphere he could feel now? Several nights later, Alan and Sandra sat bolt upright in their bed. A loud thud was shaking their bed and at first they feared another earthquake. The rest of the room, however, was calm. Something strange was happening. They both gasped inwardly when strange footprint indents appeared on the bed clothes in front of them. They approached the pair. Then Alan felt a tight, vice-like grip around his throat and he instantly struggled for breath. He clawed at invisible hands and just as he felt himself losing consciousness, the grip loosened. As he drew breath deeply into his deprived lungs, the presence seemed to vacate the room and the banging ceased. The Bennett's would have no more strange experiences in the house and they never did discover who the strange man who appeared at their door before the earthquake was. They, like many others in the area, reached out to local paranormal investigators for answers. One of the leading investigators into many of these strange reports and the person who researched the Bennett's encounter is Anton Hayrick. According to details of the case, investigations suggest that a demon had manifested in the Bennett's property. Whether its presence is a result of the earthquake is unknown, as is whether it has left the Bennett's home or if it still lies dormant there. Several weeks following the disaster in Christchurch, an earthquake would strike off the coast of Japan. This would result in one of the largest and deadliest tsunamis to ever strike the country. The death toll was in the thousands, with thousands more still missing. Even today, many remain missing. As the hours of news and amateur footage made its way online, many eagle-eyed researchers would spot numerous UFO craft in the skies of the crippled nation. Many others would highlight strange creatures seemingly unleashed with the deadly wave. Many bizarre theories surfaced. Some believed the UFO sightings and reports of strange creatures suggested an invasion. Others theorized about the possible opening of portals to other dimensions as a result of the 9.0 earthquake. Perhaps of more interest was the cigar-shaped glowing object clearly seen over the Fukushima nuclear plant. Later reports would confirm that the week before and nearby Haneda Airport reports of four similar objects hovering overhead surfaced. When you look at many other disasters, there are often reports of strange sightings either before or after them. Six months before the deadly quake in Christchurch and on the other side of the world in Chile, another equally deadly earthquake would strike. Over 500 people would lose their lives, while the infrastructure in some cases was all be flattened. In the midst of all the chaos, however, came a wave of sightings of strange lights in the skies over the region. To the locals, there was no doubt these were UFOs and they were of intelligent occupation. One couple would even tell UFO researcher Rodrigo Fuenzelita that one such UFO was observing the residents of their apartment block. Despite the building only suffering minimal damage, the couple chose to flee the area due to fears of the UFO's possible intentions. Even more interesting were the many reports of strange humanoid luminous beings. Many of these strange otherworldly beings were often seen walking and vanishing into surrounding lakes. There were reports of similar sightings prior to the Oklahoma tornado of 2013 and in 2005 the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina came not only reports of UFOs but in some cases of humanoid reptilian beings in the ruined streets. There are also stories about the birdmen of Chornoble and the Mothman of Point Pleasant. Are these also examples of similar sightings and strange activity in the run-up to disasters? Assuming for one moment these sightings are real, are they nearly incidental of the circumstances or might they be altogether more entwined and purposely connected to them? When Weird Darkness returns, sadly, child abuse and murder is not just a modern crime. It has been happening since the beginning of human history. But some cases are so severe or brutal they rise to the surface and point out just how evil some people can be, such as Elizabeth Brownrig, who was hanged for her crimes and deservedly so. October is the anniversary of Weird Darkness and we celebrate by raising funds through our Overcoming the Darkness campaign to help people who suffer from depression. Jamie gave to the Overcoming the Darkness campaign a few years ago and when she did, she left a message saying, I live in the smallest of small towns and Weird Darkness makes me smile, sometimes uncontrollably. I suffered from depression for the first time after my father passed away in 2013. It was awful. I didn't understand it first when I was feeling it's debilitating. Also, my child suffers from extreme depression and I didn't know how to help. It makes you feel useless. Well, of course, he loves your podcast too since I shared it with him. Thanks for all you do. To other listeners, come on people, more donations. We should be able to surpass the goal. Donate, donate, donate. Well, I can't really add anything to what Jamie just said, except to say that you can donate, donate, donate by visiting WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. Weird Darkness is celebrating its eighth birthday this month and our way of celebrating is to raise money for organizations that help people who struggle with depression, anxiety, and thoughts of suicide and self-harm. It's called Overcoming the Darkness and you can make a donation right now at WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. A gift of any amount will bring us that much closer to our goal and your donation helps that many more people who are affected by depression, so no gift is too small. Our goal is to raise at least $5,000 this month. If you've not donated yet or if you'd like to give again or maybe you'd like to grab the link and share the fundraiser on your own social media and challenge others to give, visit WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. The fundraiser ends on Halloween, so please give right now while you're thinking about it. WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. On the morning of Monday, September 14, 1767, in the Tiber and Gallows, a 47-year-old Elizabeth Brownrig stood in a cart awaiting her execution by a noose. So great was the uproar from angry crowds that Brownrig herself, who was found guilty for the cruel, torturous murder of 17-year-old Mary Clifford, was petrified with fear. The groups were so filled with hate that Brownrig trembled and needed to be held down firmly. It was then that the hangman Thomas Turlis noosed her, tied the rope to the overhead beam of the gallows connected by pulleys by a horse, tapped the horse's flanks to move forwards, pulling her up to swing, choke, and suffocate until she was dead. As her body lay limp and the crowd cheered, her body was then taken to the surgeon's hall, where she was processed, and her skeleton was laid on display opposite the surgeon's theater for all to be reminded of her crimes. But even though her crimes were inexcusable, only Elizabeth was sentenced to execution, while her husband James and eldest son John, who also took part in the abuse of their servants, were only sentenced to six months in prison. Is evil inherently human? And is there no answer for how to deal with abuse? Or was Elizabeth Brownrig and her family an outlier example to the ills that masters could execute on servants? To understand how her end came to be, one must understand her origins, her crimes, and inevitably the life of people in 18th century England. Elizabeth Brownrig was born in 1720 to a working-class family. In 1745, she married James Brownrig, who was an apprentice house painter at the time. Though Elizabeth Brownrig gave birth to 16 children, only three survived to adulthood. Of the three children, only one is ever mentioned as living with them. In 1765, the Brownrig family, Elizabeth, her husband James, and their eldest son, John, moved to Floridilus Road in London's Fetter Lane. James earned a prosperous career as a house painter, and Elizabeth became a respected midwife. She was also appointed as overseer of women and children at St. Dunstan's Parish Workhouse. She was given custody of two girls, Mary Mitchell and Mary Clifford, along with £5 per girl for payment of their apprenticeship. Another girl, Mary Jones, was to be a servant from the London Founding Hospital. However, Elizabeth Brownrig soon began to engage in severe physical abuse of her foundling domestic servants. Though reports were often ignored in the 18th century regarding the abuse of servants, what made the Brownrig's family's case quite interesting was the severe abuse that their servants endured. In the case of the only girl to escape their torment, Mary Jones, her pleas for sanctuary went largely unnoticed, leaving at most the Brownrigs with an angrily worded letter rather than any real legal action against them. The 14-year-old Mary Jones was bound to James Brownrig on May 13, 1765. However, she would only remain there for two months before running away from the household and hoping to find sanctuary back at the Foundling Hospital. During her initial trial period with the Brownrig family, Mary Jones was treated relatively well until the period ended. Her relationship with the Brownrigs soon changed. Elizabeth and James Brownrig would take turns whipping Mary Jones frequently. They would sometimes strip her naked and then fasten her to a hook on a beam above the kitchen. They would beat her until either Elizabeth or James grew tired. In another account by Mary Jones, sometimes when she cleaned one of the rooms or the stairs, Elizabeth would purposefully find fault, and they would punish her by holding down her arms and then ordering Mary Mitchell to douse her with the dirty cleaning water several times. Although the Brownrigs made sure to lock their doors so no one was able to leave, one night a key was left in the front door. Mary Jones escaped that night and ran back to the London Foundling Hospital. The governors of the hospital examined Mary Jones and found several wounds around her neck, several bruises and whip marks all over her back. Mary Jones pleaded not to return to the Brownrigs. Rather than press charges, the governors merely sent James Brownrig a strongly worded letter demanding that he discipline his wife and restrict her abusive tendencies. Unfortunately, no further action was taken. Though Mary Jones got away, there were still two girls who continued to endure the Brownrigs' punishments. Mary Mitchell was from Whitefriars. Like Mary Jones, Mitchell endured a considerable amount of physical and verbal abuse along with regular beatings for the slightest mishaps. In total, Mary Mitchell remained with the Brownrigs for roughly two and a half years, enduring a plethora of mistreatments. Similar to Jones, her beatings began after her probationary trial period ended. Mitchell endured the first 12 months of abuse before deciding to escape. Like Jones, she managed to escape from the house but was spotted by the eldest son, John Brownrig, who forced Mitchell to return to the home. She was then treated with even greater cruelty for trying to leave. A similar fate was shared by Mary Clifford, who soon was to complete her one-month trial period when she would become legally bound to the Brownrigs. Mary Clifford was the daughter of a shoemaker in Whitefriars whose wife's death left him with several children to take care of. Being that he was unable to give them proper care, he sent all his children to the St. Dunstan's parish workhouse. He then remarried. However, regardless that Mary was sent away by her father, she and her stepmother became friends. She was taken in by James Brownrig on February 18, 1766. Mary Clifford was the third apprentice to Elizabeth Brownrig and endured the most abuse.  Mary Clifford's phase of beatings began in 1767, soon after her trial period had ended. Like the other girls who had been tortured, Mary Clifford was stripped naked. Her wrists were tied up to a hook on a beam in the kitchen to be whipped. However, for Mary Clifford, this was a consistent, weekly ritual. In other instances, Clifford was chained to a door by her neck when she attempted to steal food and drink from a cupboard. In the first year of Clifford's employment with the Brownrigs, Clifford stopped rioting toward stepmother. She grew curious about Clifford's well-being after hearing what had happened with Mary Jones. Clifford's stepmother immediately went to the Brownrig household but was refused entry. She was then told by James Brownrig that Mary Clifford did not live there, nor did the Brownrigs have an apprentice by that name at all and that if she proceeded to make further inquiries, she would pay for it. One of the Brownrig's neighbors named Mr. Deacon, a baker's apprentice, took notice of James' unusual behavior with Mary Clifford's stepmother and then approached her when she was leaving. He waited until James returned to his home and then whispered to her that her stepdaughter Mary was indeed there. Both Mr. Deacon and Clifford's stepmother went to the local authorities and convinced officers of their suspicions. The officers, along with Clifford's stepmother, proceeded to the Brownrig's household and forcibly demanded to see Mary Clifford. Though James continued to deny the girl existed, he soon changed his story mentioning that she was not home but was in the countryside. After further threats of incarceration, James finally allowed the authorities to see one of the girls and revealed Mary Mitchell, who contained several bruises and lash barks up and down her arms and legs. Seeing how badly Mitchell appeared, the officers pushed through to investigate the entire household. It was then Mary Clifford was found locked behind a cupboard. Mary Clifford appeared beaten and emotionally broken. Except for two bits of rags acting as clothing, she was naked and smeared in her own filth. Her face was swollen, her head was severely cut with many open and bleeding gashes. Her back, legs and thighs were blackened from severe bruising. Her entire body contained several whip scars, some fresh and others almost two years old. Her throat was terribly swollen.  She appeared to have been beaten by all manner of tools. The officers and Clifford's stepmother were left stunned by witnessing the results of the Brown Rigg's torments. James Brown Rigg was then arrested and taken into custody, but Elizabeth Brown Rigg made a escape. The officers removed both Mary Mitchell and Mary Clifford from the house and returned them to the parish workhouse. As they were being examined by physicians, the girls were ordered to be undressed and put to bed. But when Mary Mitchell was being removed of her leather bodice, she screamed in agony. Her wounds had not correctly healed and were stuck to the leather. Due to Mary Clifford's dangerous condition, she was moved straight to the St. Bartholomew's hospital for further care. Unfortunately, on August 9, 1767, Mary Clifford succumbed to her infected wounds and died. In the following days after her death, a warrant was issued against Elizabeth and John Brown Rigg. Both Elizabeth and John shifted from place to place in London. They wore worn clothing to stay anonymous and inconspicuous until finally taking lodgings in Wandsworth at the house of Mr. Dunbar, who kept a chandler's shop. Dunbar inevitably turned both of them into the police for a reward. Both Elizabeth and John were taken to Newgate. On September 7, 1767, the trial for the murder of Mary Clifford appeared before judge Sir Robert Kite. The case took 11 hours, in which Mary Mitchell appeared as the star witness to the prosecution, along with George Benham. Medical evidence and autopsy results from Clifford's body was also used in the trial against Elizabeth Brown Rigg. In the trial, Mitchell stated that Mary Clifford was forced to sleep on boards in the parlor and sometimes in the passage. Most times, both Mitchell and Clifford were locked in the cellar at night. Mitchell also testified that James and John occasionally beat Clifford. Their whippings would often reopen wounds from previous beatings. In another testimony, George Benham, one of James Brown Rigg's house painting apprentices, confirmed much of Mary Mitchell's statements. He also mentioned that he visited James in prison shortly after the arrest, to which James asked him to return to the household to remove the hook from the beam in the kitchen and burn all the sticks in the house. Benham finally confessed that Elizabeth had warned him and other neighbors that if Mary Clifford's stepmother visited the house and asked for her, she was not allowed to be admitted in, for fear Clifford's stepmother would give the girls bad ideas. On Friday, September 11, 1767, Judge Kite pronounced Elizabeth Brown Rigg to be hanged until dead on Monday, September 14th. Afterward, her body be publicly dissected and then atomized. John and James, on the other hand, were acquitted of their higher charge and instead were sentenced to misdemeanor charges and imprisoned for six months. She was then hung. As her body swung, the crowd cheered three times and clapped. Her body was left hanging for half an hour before her remains were put into a hackney coach and turned to the Surgeon's Hall for dissection and eventual atomization. Brown Rigg's final verdict was indeed a fitting end to the horrors and crimes she committed against Mary Jones, Mary Mitchell and Mary Clifford. Forever after, Elizabeth Brown Rigg's case and name would become synonymous with the abusive rich, cruelly manipulating the working poor, the exploitation and murder of child servants, as well as the evil and 18th century woman could carry in the darkest of parts. However, even though Elizabeth Brown Rigg was brought to justice, there is one question that remains. Of the three Brown Rigg's who were charged with the murder of Mary Clifford, only Elizabeth Brown Rigg was convicted and executed for that crime, while her husband, James and son John, were just as guilty of torture and abuse, but were merely given six month sentences. Why was Elizabeth Brown Rigg given the maximum charge? Perhaps this will be a question that will forever be debated by historians and scholars of the 18th century in the years to come. Thanks for listening. If you like the show, please share it with someone you know who loves the paranormal or strange stories, true crime, monsters or unsolved mysteries like you do. You can email me anytime with your questions or comments at darren at WeirdDarkness.com. Darren is D-A-R-R-E-N. WeirdDarkness.com is also where you can find information on any of the sponsors you hear about during the show, find all of my social media, listen to audiobooks I've narrated, sign up for the email newsletter, find other podcasts that I host, including Church of the Undead, visit the store for Weird Darkness merchandise and more. WeirdDarkness.com is also where you can find the Hope in the Darkness page if you or someone you know is struggling with depression or dark thoughts. Also on the website, if you have a true paranormal or creepy tale to tell of your own, you can click on Tell Your Story. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com. All stories on Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise, and you can find links to the stories or the authors in the show notes. Lesser-known vampire myths around the world is by Lyra Radford for Cemetery Shift. The earthquake that released a demon is by Marcus Louth for UFO Insight. Buckeye Big Foot of Ohio was written by Maggie Clancy for Ranker. Strange stories of true crime is by Patrick Thornton for Weird History. And the inhumane actions of Elizabeth Brownrig is by B.B. Wagner for Ancient Origins. Weird Darkness is a registered trademark. Copyright Weird Darkness. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Colossians 3, verse 12. Therefore, as God's chosen people, holy and dearly loved, bode yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience. And a final thought. Don't let your loneliness make you reconnect with toxic people. You shouldn't drink poison just because you're thirsty. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness. The only thing more spooky than Halloween in October is Spooky Empire. Join me October 27th through the 29th in Orlando, Florida to meet horror celebrities like a nightmare on Elm Street's Freddie Krueger, Robert England, and co-star Heather Langenkamp. Hellraiser's Doug Pinhead Bradley will be there with other cast from the film, Candyman's Tony Todd, an American werewolf in London's David Moughton, the cryptkeeper John Kassier, Rose McGowan from Charmed in Death Proof, Kane Hodder from the Friday the 13th films, Harry Hamlin from Clash of the Titans, and so many more, including Cassandra Peterson, better known as Elvira, Mistress of the Dark. Get autographs, take photos, and hear Q&A sessions with your favorite horror celebs. They've even asked me to moderate a few celebrity Q&As too. You'll also find horror-themed workshops like making movie props and makeup, horror writing, and more. Get all the details, see a full list of the celebrities, and grab your tickets at spookyempire.com. That's spookyempire.com, and I hope to see you there October 27th through the 29th in Orlando, Florida. Hey weirdos, be sure to click the like button and subscribe to this channel, and click the notification bell so you don't miss future videos. 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