In this session, we're going to discuss DMARC. DMARC is another method of providing validation of emails, which works in tandem with the SPF and DKIM that we've discussed in earlier sessions. If you go online and do some googling of what DMARC is, you're going to find a lot of information. But in short, it is basically another method to prevent jerks from spoofing emails. It does so by validating the alignment of your SPF and DKIM that you already have set up and basically builds on top of those technologies to provide a better method of preventing spoofing from occurring.


Rhaid o'r unig yw Nick Evans, rhai o'r unig ym Mhwysliad Ysbytyd yng nghymru yn Ysbytyd. Rhaid o'r unig yw Agnieszka Energiog, ac rhaid o'r unig ym Mhwysliad Ysbytyd yn Ysbytyd. Rhaid o'r unig yw'r ysbyt yw ddweud yn rhoi'r ysbyt yw'r syniadau cyfnodol yn rhywbethau cyd-fantydig ac yw'r ysbyt yw ddweud ym mhwyaf i'ch cyfnod o'r banyddol ar hyn o'r hyn o'r bwysiad ymlaen. Actually have ref otro ultima of the fact, because there are more martyrdom (# get more time in Hospital One-er.) Populations are increasing in their average ages. It means that fractures are more likely. In many cases bone fractures will fail to heal sufficiently or within a shorting of timeframe, so there hypothesis aimed to increase the speed of bone fracture healing are really important. We've been trying to do this by using stem cells and by trying to stimulate them with the WINT signaling pathway ages. So skeletal stem cells Ond, mae'r risau i ddweud yn hollu'r teimlo'r rhai yn cymorth. Yn y rhai yn cyfnod, mae'r risau i ddweud yng Nghylch yn rhai yn ôl iawn i'r tyffano ar gyfer ffractiwr, sy'n ystafell i'r ffractiwr gwych yn ffractiwr. Ond, mae'r risau i ddweud hynny, ychydig i ddweud yng Nghymru, mae'r risau i ddweud yng nghymru gwyllt. Mae'r risau i gynedig, mae'r risau i'r rhai. Mae'n ddweud o'r risau i ddweud yn gwyllt. As I said, there's lots of stem cells present in the bone and it's thought that it may regulate the proliferation of these cells or their differentiation and we thought that perhaps it was the timing so the stage at which a stem cell or an osteoblast receive a wind signal which is very important in how that particular cell responds to it. And obviously that's important therapeutically because if you want to use wind stimulation to try and improve bone fracture healing you have to know at what time to deliver it. So we work with the hypothesis that early transient stimulation of uncommitted cells could increase their proliferation and lead to their subsequent osteoblastic differentiation whereas inappropriate stimulation could actually inhibit that process. So we've characterized bone marrow cell populations by facts and we've also measured the intrinsic marker, wind signal marker levels in these populations after wind stimulation and without it. And what we've noticed is that skeletal stem cells have intrinsically elevated levels of wind signalling and the cells are also responsive to wind stimulation. With the use of facts and also colony forming assays we've noticed that this transient stimulation of bone marrow isolates increased the population of skeletal stem cells and osteoprogenitors. With the use of QPCR and also measurement of protein expression characteristic for bone as well as calcium deposition we've noticed that this transient wind stimulation increased osteogenic differentiation of our stem and progenitor cells were surprisingly prolonged over stimulation abrogated this effect and osteogenic differentiation was inhibited. So in summary we've seen that this transient wind stimulation increased the number of osteoprogenitors and increased their differentiation towards bone whereas prolonged over stimulation of the pathway inhibited this osteodifferentiation. So based on our findings it's very important clearly that the timing and site of activation is really important in having a good outcome in terms of what bone stem cells and osteoblasts do. So we think that future therapies that work by agonising wind signalling will have to function in the correct spatiotemporal manner. For instance there are lots of monoclonal antibodies being developed which agonise wind signalling which have had good effects in osteoporosis but have yet to have been shown to have efficacy in bone fracture healing. So we think that approaches where you deliver compounds which elevate wind signalling will have to take into account that context. Bone fracture healing is a very complex series of overlapping events in appropriate wind stimulation at the wrong stage of fracture healing could have negative effects on fracture healing. So we think that a better understanding of when you stimulate wind signalling during fracture healing is very important for the development of these drugs which eventually we hope to use in people in the clinic.


Assalamu alaikum. Dear students, today we are going to discuss lecture number 6 of the database management course. In today's lecture we are going to continue our discussion on the data flow diagrams. After that we will move to the next phase of the database design process and that is design phase. We will study what are the different design types and we also study different types of tools that we use for the design purposes. So let us start our discussion today. In the previous lecture we were discussing context diagram that is here is a context diagram and you can recall your concepts your thoughts about this because there is a central process a big process showing the entire system then there are different external entities and there are different data flows that are providing data to the system or receiving data from the system. Another data flow diagram is here again the symbol used for the central system or the process is different otherwise rest of the concepts are the same. In the previous lecture we also discussed about the level 0 diagram or level 0 diagram which is here this is also a level 0 diagram. This diagram represents the system as a whole and also note the process numbers. I suggested in the previous lecture that the process number in the level 0 diagram are 1.0, 2.0 but in this diagram you see that the numbers are 1 point and there is no number after the point. This is also perfectly fine different authors use different notations for this purpose but both are correct but the main thing is there is no non-zero number after the decimal either if it is 0 or there is no digit but in the level 0 diagram this is also 1, 2, 3 whether 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 1.2, 3.0. So now we are going to discuss the detailed DFD. This is the third type of data flow diagram. The detailed DFD is an optional thing you may need the detailed DFD in some system and you may not need in some of them mainly you use the detailed DFD in the system that are relatively large size. Again the large or small it depends upon the person who is drawing the diagram for one person system could be small for other it could be large. So for the same system one person could be drawing only the context diagram and the level 0 diagram but another person for the same system could be drawing context diagram, level 0 diagram and also the detailed diagram is totally up to the people up to the person up to the team drawing the diagram. Every perspective every approach is correct. So mind it this is up to you whether you need the detailed diagram in a system or not. In the detailed diagram you show the processes in the successive level of detail that is if there is a process that needs explanation or further detail that we have shown in the level 0 diagram then you will show the detail of that process in the detailed DFD. Again the same thing it shows major sub processes it means the process for you for which you think that this process involves other sub processes you will draw the detailed DFD for only those processes. The numbering is of this type as you can see 1.1, 1.2 when you place a number 1.1 in a process it means certain things 1 it is a level 1 detail of a process that was in the level 0 diagram because 1 dot the one before the decimal point it shows the main process of which this detailed this detailed diagram or this sub process is the explanation and point 1 shows this is the first sub process of the process 1. Likewise when you have 1.2 it means again that it is the second sub process of the process 1. So if you are elaborating a process number 1 then you will use the process numbers 1.1, 1.2 and as many numbers as you want to show the sub processes in this detailed DFD. Likewise if you are giving the detailed DFD of a process that is number 2 then you will give the number to the sub processes as 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 mind it. The sub process is called the sub process because it is in the detailed DFD otherwise it is just like a normal process. The only difference being the process in the level 0 diagram it involves too much you can say steps activities or processes actions and you want to explain that you are going to explain those processes those steps in the detailed DFD. The same process can continue up to as many depth as you like or as may the size of the system. For example if you can have further details of the sub process 1.1. So if you are going to give the detail of the process 1.1 then you will make another detailed DFD and that will contain the process number 1.1.1 it means this process is the explanation of is the sub process of the process 1.1 which was the detail of the process 1.0. Likewise if you want to give the explanation of a process number 3.3 then you will number it in the detailed DFD that would be detailed DFD of level 2 you would say 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and that like that. So this is how you number the processes in the detailed diagram and as you have known by now that detailed DFD can be of different levels of level 1, level 2, level 3. How can you know that of what level this particular detailed DFD is? You can also guess it from the process number that you are writing in the process symbol. For example if you look at 1.1.2 it contains 3 digits this process number it means that it is a detailed DFD of level 2 likewise if you write <IP_ADDRESS> it means this is a process in the detailed DFD of level 3. Let us move to the next slide. These are some recommendations that you apply to the detailed DFD and these also apply to the other levels of DFD as well like on the level node diagram and on the context diagram. First thing is limit number of processes to 7 to 9 per page or diagram for clarity. It is the same rule that I discussed before that you not make your diagram too much congested or not too much simple. It should be easy to grasp easy to understand if you put just one site on the diagram it conveys some meaning to you and as you keep on thinking on that as you focus on that it gives more and more information to you. So it should not be too complex it should not be too simple. All elements must be named all elements means the processes the external entities the data flows all of them even the data stores all of them should be named mind it. This applies to both the level node diagram and detailed diagram that all processes should have the input as well as output. There is no use of sending just an input to a process when there is no output. Why are you sending the data to that process obviously for certain processes for certain activity but after that activity the data must change its form. So this means that a process should have a data flow of at least one and one should go outside. Obviously output should be different from input as soon as the data is coming it is coming then what is the process doing? And another thing is that when you are saying that we have a level node diagram it is a process. It has some input or some output. If you are giving the detail of that process next time we are giving the diagram then that thing should also be reflected in the detailed diagram. So the input and output of your main process are the sub processes in which you are going to give the details and that input and output should be shown. That is further. So what you are seeing on this screen is a detailed DFT example. The level node diagram that we saw in the student registration system has a process number 1.0 that was a request process. Now this is a detailed DFT. In this you are seeing that the student external entity has a data flow of a class that means the student will request that I should be enrolled in a class. In this we have a process 1.1. You can call it a sub process because it is included in the detailed DFT. And 1.1 is showing that this is a sub process of the process 1.0 that was in the level node diagram. After that obviously when your added request sub process it will definitely the people that they would check the form whether it is filled in rightly or not. Or if it is correctly filled in if the students are eligible for the admission. So they would pass that data as valid request to the next sub process that is 1.2 and check counts. This means that in this process you will check whether we have space whether we have place in the class or not. The class for which the student has applied for the admission. Obviously the people in the working in this process working in this area or department they would need some data and what that data will be that data will be old class data and that they will fetch from the data store called class registration. In this data store we have the different classes. Their data stored means how many students are in every class. From that data store the data fetch will be in our 1.2 sub process. And after that they will see whether this request of the student can be accepted or not. They would transfer as accepted request to another process 1.4. What the 1.4 sub process is doing is that it is doing the data of your class because now recently you have given admission to another student. So the class in which first there were let's say 35 students now you have included another student in that class. Obviously you will have to modify. You will have to update your class data. So what will happen is that this process will be activated and your class registration data store will update the data. With this your 1.2 will update the student's data. This student's record will be included in the student's registration data store. In this you can see that these are some details that are mentioned in this diagram. But obviously there are many things that you can yourself think that you can add into this diagram. For example, the 1.1 is added request. The valid request they are moved to the sub process 1.2. But what about invalid request? As we have discussed before that the DFT it will not discuss what is the decision base. On what basis you are making a decision. But the thing is the data will flow towards the sub process 1.2 if the request is valid. But what will happen if the request is invalid? Obviously there could be many solutions to that. For example, at least you would inform the student that your request was not valid. Same is the case in case of the accepted student. First khe jo uski application thi wo valid thi. Application of that student to the check counts process. Let us suppose there is no place in the class. What would you do? Agar to thi ke klas mein jaga thi. Aap ne usko jaga bhi de di. Aap ne uska data jo hai wo student ke store mein bhi add kar diya. Aap ne class case mein bhi add kar diya. But what about if the student cannot be admitted because there are no room in the class. U situation mein kya hoga. Again you will have to inform the student. To khe nahi nga matlab hi hai ke iss diagram hai wo basically iss ka purpose juh hai wo sahi aagalat ki baat nahi hai. Asal chis ji hai ke jis level ki depth, jis level ki detail you need to develop a system to understand a system, rather wo aap se shamil karein. There is no question of being it right or wrong. I hope you have got my point. Data dictionary is a repository. It is a place where you store the information. Aur iss me juh database ka design hai, uske baare aap ke paas information hoti hai. Database ko juh design hai, juh database ka structure hai that we have already called the schema. Iska matlab hi hai ke aap yeh kaya sakte hai ke the data dictionary, it contains the schema. Iske lau iss me aur bossa information bhi ho sakti hai. Data dictionary ki mukhlef types hoti hai. It could be integrated or it could be freestanding. Let us see what is the difference between the two. The integrated data dictionary is generally a part of a DBMS. It means as we have already discussed the DBMS deals at three levels with the data and every level is described with the help of a schema. To juh DBMS hai usko apne functioning ke liye it needs schema. It stores the structure of the database in the schema and that schema is in the data dictionary. Jisko hum kayaateh integrated data dictionary that is a part of the DBMS juh kisko usko isthimal karta hai different operations ke liye different accesses bgara ke liye. Dekin iss ke lau ba, huma rahe paas ek aur tarah ki juh data dictionary hai wo aaj kal isthimal hoti hai aur wo unne hum kayaateh hai they are like case tools. Case se banta hai computer assisted rather computer added software nearing. Aap ke paas market mein ase tools available hai ke juh aap se different data juh hai wo liye different type of information jis system ke liye aap database design karne jaar hai develop karne jaar hai. Us system ke baare mein different aap se information liye aur wo aapko help karthi hai. They assist you in designing a database. Balki juh smart kisame ki tools hai wo aapko application development mein bhi help karthi hai. So, juh data dictionaries hai wo hi do tarah ki hoti hai. Basic purpose juh hai data dictionary ka wo yahi hai ki it stores the metadata. Chahe wo integrated aapki data dictionary ho chahe wo freestanding ho. Let's move forward. Cross reference matrix. Cross reference matrix juh hai wo data dictionary mein isthimal hone wala ek tool hai aur jihaan meri juh data dictionary se murad wo ek integrated data dictionary nahi hai balki jis ko haum ne khata freestanding data dictionary isse meri murad wo hai. Ye juh iska purpose wo ye hai ke ye juh mukhulif cheezin database design ke duran ya system study ke duran isthimal hoti hai unko aapas mein link karthi hai. Misal ke tohre pe When you are gathering the requirements of the users aapko padaj ala ke mukhulif users hai unka ya ek user group hai unka taluk in-in transactions ke saath hai in-in reports ke saath hai ya wo in-in documents ke wo deal krta hai. Aap ne ek apne juh hai understanding ke liye ek chizoh ko link karne ke liye you want to see ke ye juh ek particular transaction hain ya particular report hain isme korn korn se attribute se involve hain korn korn se isme information chahiye to isna se aap ek matrix maalate hain jisme ek side par ke let's say column side pe aap kain hain ke hain hain juh different transactions hain ya reports hain ya documents hain juh different activities hain juh iska row wise hain iske aap kya karthi hain aap isme different attributes aap ne mohaap identify kyi hain aap identify nahin kyi hain maal ke har juh aapka user group tha usne bataya ke muze ish report me flan flan chizi. usne bataya ke naam chahiye uski date of birth chahiye uski juh experience aap wo chahiye aur last job juh usne ki thi mujhe wo chahiye to these are the items these are the attributes that are required for this report aap se hi ek aur ko transaction hain let's se ek user group hain wo ne employers ka data add krta so that would be a transaction adding a new employee wo usme employer ki tamam personal detail, wo usme hosakta 10-15 muthif data items ho isse hi tra employer ki koalifikation hain uski 10-15 nara item ho and like that to iska ra se ye tamam juh jitne bhi chahiye aap ko chahiye juh transactions thi reports thi, documents thi aur iss traf jobs pe data item aap usko likke uske baat pe aap usko matrix aap wo apir ho raha hai usse cheezon ko aap ko link kar rahe me madad milti hain aur aap ko se ye aandaza hota hain aap ko kis jaga pe kis screen pe kya chis chahiye juh aap ki ye cross reference matrix hain it cannot be used only with the help of a data dictionary baat ke usko aap manually bhi kr sakta hain ho usakta hain aap agli screen pe me aap ko juh dikhaha raha ho iss hi traf ki cross reference matrix hain juh ke basically hain transactions, reports, and documents ke against aap leh rahe hain different data items ko iss hi traf ki cross reference matrix hain wo bina sakta hain different functions ko different entities kr sakta hain iss hi traf ki different active functions hain wo kithne critical hain iss hi aap relate kr sakta hain to agli page bhi dekhahi iss screen pe agar aap dekhahi to you are seeing a matrix here the rows in the matrix contain the attribute names or different data items and the columns they contain the names of different reports or transactions or documents this is recommended that you place the attributes or data items in the alphabetical order or it is easy to arrange if you look here the attributes first are books to faculty members i.e. a particular report or user that how many faculty members have been book issue similarly, one more is books to students another data item attribute is faculty name one more is faculty address number of faculty members number of students or student name these are some example attributes data items that different user groups want on their reports or transactions in the columns you see there are different items like books issued class list courses offered or all faculty these are some example activities this step dekhahi jasem ne kaha ke books to faculty or books to students they are ticked this means that the report or the transaction they need this information that how many faculty members have been book issue and how many students have been book issue similarly you see a class list in this class list faculty name which teacher will teach number of students and student names and same is the case with courses offered and all faculty different attributes are ticked different attributes are used and conversely what attributes are required the cross reference matrix can be used as I said business functions to entity i.e. functions which entities are used like business critical success factors the different activities that are being done in your organization which are critical for business nature so that you be more careful while designing the system and while developing the database this is a tool for you that can help you identify different critical items attributes and entities and use it in the next phase dear students till now what we have read about the database design process the first phase which we have called analyze user requirements till now we have covered or another scheme preliminary study plus requirement analysis both phases the basic objective is to understand our existing system and the requirements of the users to understand that the system is developing what are the expectations of each user group we have read that it is recommended to use the tools wherever possible whether it is case tools and we have read the DFDs i.e. the data flow diagrams and i have also recommended to understand the user requirements to understand the different activities they will help you in the later stage what you see on the screen the first phase is its summary now let's move on to the next phase database design phase dear students when you look at different books in that in the same environment in the same situation different terms are used I want to use the terms which we will use in this course in the reference of design to clarify what we mean the first thing for our purpose design and model means the same thing in fact database design and database model they both mean the same thing there is a difference between the database model you should be clear about this I will explain it to you later but you should have in mind that these are two different things but database design and database model both mean the same thing let's move on database design or the database model it represents the logical structure of the database when we talk about logical structure why we call it the logical structure we have discussed in the definition how do the things relate there is some logic there is some reason there is some context behind that puts the things together the structure of the database due to that context the design of the database represents it you must have heard a lot about which they represent the structure of the database for example in the reference of the schema in the reference of the data dictionary in the reference of the design these all things are related to each other for example design is the structure but that is stored in the schema and schema is practically stored in the data dictionary so you relate these things in the database database modeling the process of creating a logical representation of the structure of the database obviously the thing we are going to develop the database for that thing the need of the data the need of the data design and structure the process is called database modeling this is the most important most technical part in the development process be careful very clear about the steps in this process again like we discussed in one definition a database must mirror the real world the system of the real world that we are going to represent only then can it answer questions about the real world the expectations of users the things that they want from the system the reports, the transaction the output, the activities the user's expectations so even you can give them when you write an application when you are going to implement it when the related data is present in your design and it is properly linked so you have to be careful again the same thing the emphasis of data modeling is on representing reality fine ideally it should be represented graphically as I told you earlier the data flow diagram that through symbols through graphic symbols through figures you can communicate things more precisely because the descriptive thing they can have different meanings different people because they involve the perception of the person receiving or listening if something is written even if two people read the things described in the natural language they can interpret it according to their mind according to their understanding so it is recommended in the design that you represent it graphically because that has got the precise meaning so when you read different tools or different 3k of database design you will see that the first design the complete design we will make it graphically then we will transform it then it will go to other things or will be implemented but the first design that would be a graphical representation the goal is to identify the facts to be stored in the database this is also clear and the process of data modeling is not that the designer the developer will sit in a room and turn off the light and concentrate in the darkness and think what should I design because it involves the interaction between the user who are using the system and obviously the designer or the analyst database design is created using a data model when I said that in the database model or in the data model you have to be clear about that what is a data model data model is basically a set of tools that constructs that you use to design to develop a database or you can say to make a database or design you use a data model as you can see as you have a carpenter a big one he has his own tools he has his own tools he has some things he uses these things he can make a base he can make a chair he can make a door so you have to understand that the tools they resemble the data model and the end product that he is designing is the database design this means that you can use a data model to design any database so again so that you can see the difference that we use a data model to develop a database design or database model let's go ahead what are the components of a data model the first component is the structures the structure means that the data model provides you what structures that means how you can store the data how you can store the data the second component of a data model is manipulation language manipulation language means that if you use this data model and you represent the data then how you can manipulate it meaning storing and retrieving the data obviously you need some mean for that that tool that means basically the manipulation language similarly the third component is integrity constraints that means your data model supports integrity constraints integrity constraints what does it mean integrity constraints have such rules such checks that ensure the correctness of the data when you apply them then the data will be in that form which is being governed under those rules and this becomes the responsibility of the data model to provide you how you can maintain the integrity of the data but keep in mind that what we have said is that these three components of the data model do not get confused with it because all the data models that we will study and those that we will not study and may be in some book in some place you will not find these three components in each data model because this definition or some data models that I will tell you that on the basis of which you have dbms so about those data models you will clearly see these components but on all the data models you will not see these components so keep in mind that these three components I will also tell you about a data model that these three components are present but do not try to find all these three components in every data model because you will not find it do not get confused what is the significance of the data model Dear students understanding the data model is very important that means the data model basically gives you guidelines gives you facilities gives you constraints that when you are in the process of designing the data model then what things you should do what things you should not do what is available what is not so the data model is important because this is the tool that you have to use that is the most important point every dbms is based on a data model mind it this is one of the basic things that I always tell you that you should not forget this should stick in your mind that every dbms is based on a data model what does this mean we have told about the data model that it provides you set of constructs that is what we talk about that dbms is based on a data model what does this mean this means that those constructs those tools that are available in a particular data model that supports the data model dbms will basically provide you implementation of those structures similarly when we say there are structures manipulation language integrity constraints so the dbms when a data model is based the same structures the same manipulation language and the same constraints will be basically implementing because you have to use dbms and it is based on a data model this strategy is a principle the advantage is that you have got the guideline in the form of data model based on these guidelines you can have as many dbms as you like there are different companies there are different software companies every company is building dbms so when we have a standard data model now whatever company this dbms this is based on this data model the definition of the structure is really defined so from now whatever dbms is based on what should I expect in this dbms what structures what manipulation language and what integrity constraints so this is the advantage of data model and dbms and you should understand this so we will read the data model but when we read the data model all the dbms we should get familiar with them because they will be based on the same data models let us move on Dear students there are two major types one of them is semantic data models and the examples are written in front of you entity relationship data model and we will call it ER data model and this is the data model which we will read in detail in this course the other is object oriented data model these two data models are examples of the semantic data models what do we mean by the semantic data model because we came to know that the data model is a set of tools and constructs which are used for database design so what is the semantic data model in this the semantic data models that provide you more tools or more constructs we can say that they are richer in number of constructs and tools what is the benefit of this you can understand in your normal life that you need a tool set to do any work you need some equipment if you want to do any work for that if you have a better tool set in which different tools are available then what will be the benefit that whatever work you do you will do it in a good way for example you have to repair an electronic equipment now you have to open it first to open it each electronic equipment has different nuts and screws to open it if you have a single page which is flat you can open a small size if it is a cross you can open it sometimes in real life if we do not have a screwdriver if we do not have a page we can open it with a spoon when it comes to work when it comes to work we can work in any way but one thing is to work in a better way work more easily if you want to put a key you can lift it if there is nothing else if you have a key you can put a key if you do not have a proper handle you can put a key so this is the difference in keeping a rich tool set and in just passing when you are going to design a database of any environment there are different situations there are different links between things to represent these different situations to represent it you have got your data model that provides you a set of tools if you have a data model that is richer in constructs that will help you when you have different situations to represent those situations you have got an appropriate tool when you represent it your design becomes more beautiful it becomes more meaningful it becomes more explanatory when you put a view on it you will get more information out of that apart from that if you do the same thing with a data model that is not so rich in constructs you can design that too but since there are less constructs you will use less constructs to represent different situations you will use more constructs like you have opened a screw with a spoon you have opened a screw so that will help you to make your design a relatively less rich data model to get you a mini to understand that you will have to dive into the design it will not be so clear it will not be so explanatory so these are our semantic data models both our ER data model and our object oriented data model both are semantically rich means they provide you more constructs let us move on the other major type of data models are record based data models and the three major data models are hierarchical network and relational the data models are not as semantic the first difference is the second difference is that this is recorded oriented and the data entry will be record type whereas our semantic data models are not like that also when we have the entity relationship or object oriented data model the data entry that is not in the form of records we will talk about the second thing about record based data models that the record based data models handle data or deal with data on almost all three levels i.e. our external level, conceptual level and internal level but our semantic data models they generally deal only at the external level and at the conceptual level. Generally, our semantic data models are used just for the design purposes. i.e. our ER data model is a very famous model for designing your database, for making your first design your comprehensive design. In fact, we call it conceptual data based design. It is used for that purpose but to practically implement that design, we don't use the ER data model because it is so well known, rather it has no practical implementation or we don't have any kind of DBMS that is based on ER data model. Whereas we have the object-oriented data model, hierarchical, network and relational. We have DBMS based on all of these. Let's move on. There are different types of database design. As you can see on the screen, the first type of database design is conceptual database design. We generally design or make this design using a semantic data model that we have read earlier. Apart from this, we have logical database design. And remember that our logical database design is generally in that data model where we ultimately have to use tools, which we have to use with DBMS. Generally, the conceptual database design is that we model using the ER data model. Whereas the logical database design is always in the relational data model. Why? Because we generally use DBMS based on relational data model. So our logical database design will be in our relational data model because our DBMS will be relational. Apart from this, we have physical database design. This is the type of design that we will do in a particular DBMS. Why do we have these three designs? Why not? Directly when we implement the physical database design, then what is the need to be taken first? The beauty of this concept is that the conceptual database design is done in that data model, which is semantically rich. For example, your ER data model. Why? Because this is the stage, this is the first design you are going to make. Your conceptual database design is your first design. For that, you need a rich data model. So that all the situations that you want to model, all the data, all the links, all the properties, all the constraints that you want to represent in your design, your conceptual database design, you will want to include all of them. For that, obviously you need a semantically rich data model. After that, the logical database design will be that you will do that data model in which your DBMS will be. The beauty of this is that the logical database design that you want to model, your conceptual database design will not change. What does this mean? This means that your conceptual database design will be in any data model, it will provide a base for all of them. This means that with your conceptual database design you can transform any data model, whether hierarchical, network, relational, object oriented. You can transform your conceptual database design in all of these. You do not need to change that. This is the concept that follows. The logical database design is in that data model in which your DBMS will be. The interesting thing is that you can have many DBMS available in one data model. The logical database design that would be independent of the particular DBMS that you will use. This means that first you made your logical database design and then based on that data model you have used a DBMS. If you want to change your DBMS then what you will do is you will go one step back, you will catch your logical database design and implement it on another tool. This means that it will be fixed. It will be general. You can use it using any DBMS. I hope that you have understood why do we have three different types of database design. One more thing is that our conceptual database design if we ultimately use the tool it is object oriented. In that case, our conceptual database design will be our logical database design. If we have a sequence that we first designed in the ER data model and then transformed it into a relational data model then our conceptual database design will be different and the logical database design will be different. But if we ultimately use the tool of object oriented or the DBMS of object oriented then in that case our conceptual database design will be our logical database design. So this step is to transform the conceptual in the logical design and it will be omitted. Dear students, in today's lecture we completed the discussion on the two diagrams. We discussed the detailed DFT. After that we discussed the second phase of the database design process which is the database design. We discussed the design phase and then we discussed the design types of the designs and for that we use the tool of data model. What is the significance of data model with the DBMS? In our next lecture we will study the ER data model which is a tool to make a conceptual database design. Give me your leave. Allah Hafiz.


أبو فاضل هل شائل الرأيه أبو فاضل هل شائل الرأيه الله أبو فاضل الله ضحك حياته نحروب تسمعه الله حل لأبن ما تعوفه علمه على جهه علمه على جهه أبو فاضل هل شائلر الله حل لأبن ما تعوفه علمه على جهه ولأبن ما تعوفه علمه على جهه أبو فاضل هل شائل الرأيه أبو فاضل هل شائلر شاربها حال تشبه شارتها وهاية العنبس سبع الجنطرة شاربها حال تشبه شارتها السلام عليكم and blessings of Allah be upon you all Welcome to a new live report from the holy land of Karbala Respective viewers at the moment as you can see There are a number of processions, celebrating processions That come forth towards the holy shrines of Imam Hussein and his brother Abu Fadal Abbas peace be upon them In addition to the processions You get to see particularly on the street A number of the services units that are distributed among the streets To provide the services to the pilgrims of Imam Hussein Basically at the moment they are providing Court drinks, water and whatsoever You know the softest because it's right You know it's hot out here In addition to the services units There will be a number of a temporary clinic Temporary units, medical units That are providing services for the pilgrims of Imam Hussein Respective viewers When someone sees all of that generosity All of that All those services being provided To an utter strangers Pilgrims coming to the holy city of Karbala Those who are providing the services for them There is no relationship at all Between those who provide the services And those who get it A question would come to someone's mind It's easily What pushes people to do that What is the motivation behind that What are you going to get benefited from So I think the answer to that Is simple It's the chivalry It's the The matter of generosity Because as you know my respective viewers The Imam is absent at the time But all that we do Everything that we do The small actions and the big actions Generosity, bad things, righteousness Truthfulness, whatever Good deeds or bad deeds That we do Go forward to the Imam The Imam knows everything about his sheets Because he is the leader of the Ummah at this time He is Sahab Zaman So those people basically Those who provide the services And even those who are celebrating The pilgrims who are here To perform the Ziyara rituals At Imam Hussein and his brother And his father Abbas All of those Are trying to send a message To the master of our time His Majesty Imam Al-Mahdi May Allah send his reappearance Are trying to send him a message That we are here To revive the matter Of the Ahl al-Bayt عليهم السلام We are here To revive the teachings Of the Ahl al-Bayt عليهم السلام I have seen in person A lot of A lot of sheikhs Who are teaching the youth About About how to do the rituals A lot of A lot of eldries Who are sitting at the services unit You know In groups with the young man Teaching them How to perform the Ziyara And about The middle of Shahbam You see all of that Comes You know brings you to another point In addition to the generosity The generosity and interaction Brings you So another point that People are coexisting The eldries Are trying To tell To transport Their science is all they know about About the Sahb of the time May Allah send his reappearance To the young man They are trying to teach them How to supplicate Allah SWT Because All the du'as and I will You know I will tell you how everything And the narrations of the Ahl al Bayt These eldries and this Image brought me in mind You know Took me To the time that It takes you To your imagination To the time that When the Imam Is here When all that love Compassion and justice That will come with the Imam And how The societies will be It takes you back To both To feel that the generosity That on the time Of the Imam How is it Here Now we get to see The same thing Almost the same Not you know Entirely the same thing But almost the same thing When you see elder people Trying to teach the youngsters How to do the Ziyara And teaching them On how To a Salah And teaching them How to do the Wudu And teaching them A lot of things About religion And teaching them A lot of things About The master of our time About صاحب الزمام You know It's a great thing That happens You know Those servants That are That left their homes You know Yesterday I was in a report That There are some services Units that came From the south of Iraq You know It's 600 km All the way To the holy city Of Karbala They've abandoned their homes Their jobs And everything Just to be here In Karbala Just to provide the services In addition To the services They are providing They are culturally Educating The youth Telling them Informations about The master of our time Educating the youth About How The time of the dawn And What are the signs of the dawn You know Those who don't know I think they are Greatly They have greatly benefited These sessions Not only The sessions That are They are benefited of But also They get to know You know The true reward Of being here At the city of Karbala Particularly At this time You know It's a great chance I know a lot of people From the United States From Europe in general Telling me That they wish That they could have been here But they had They are linked to their jobs And Linked to their families And they've They've got certain circumstances That pushes them Not to come To Karbala Insha'Allah They will have the chance To be here But We go back To the elderly And to that To that certain image You know Elder people Teaching Young man About صحب The time About the master Of our time Teaching them about The time Of the dawn And how should We await The Imam The culture Of awaiting The master Of our time Respected viewers As you see The general atmosphere Right here Around me There are a lot of people Who are Going to perform These rituals And Masha'Allah It's It's totally confusing How You know You know How the services unit Are being able to provide The services For all these numbers Of people You're probably Not seeing The image clear right here But You know Straight forward Near the Imam Near the Imam's Holy shrine You get to see The true image A lot of people It's about You know You've got no place To stand in Right now I will go to Another Thing About the Imam Peace be upon him And the narrations About The Ziyara And The mid of Sha'bam The Holy Prophet Peace be upon him And his progeny Has said During the night Of the fifteenth Of Sha'bam Allah the Almighty Takes decisions And matters Of sustenance Live Death And welfare Of the people Imagine How great night it is That Allah Compairs it To the night of Qadr Subhan Allah It's However It's not surprising Because It's the night Where The Master of our time You know Is being birthed You know It's the birth anniversary Of the Imam That will Provigate Justice Equality And also Take the revenge For his Grandfather Which is an Important point Next The narration continues Next To the night Of Qadr The night Of the fifteenth Of Sha'bam Is the most Auspicious night According to the Imam Muhammad Ibn Ali Al-Baqar And Ja'far Ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq Ibn Ali Al-Salam Allah Has promised To fulfill Every legitimate desire Put forward To him tonight So respect the viewers Prepare Your wishes Because Allah According To a narration From the Holy Prophet Peace be upon him And his progeny Allah Will fulfill These You know These Hajat Insha'Allah The narration Continues also During This night Allah Bestows On his People From his Bounty And Forgives them Out of his Grace And generosity Of the blessings Of this night Is that At the dawn Of this night Was born The leader Of the time Imam Al-Mahdi May Allah His reappearance Insama Al-Ra On The 255 After Hijra It also continues A hadith In the book Of إقبال العمل Therefore Stay awake Therefore Stay awake Therefore Stay awake This night In prayer And worship And Encourage your Ummah Encourage your Brothers Sisters Families To also Keep awake This night In order To get closer To Allah Because People With their supplications With their prayers With their Hajat They will be Allah Glorified And exalted As He Through their Action Since This is A noble night The generation also continues This is a night In which Not a single person Supplicates to Allah Except that This prayer Except that His prayer Is accepted Nobody asks For a single thing On this night Except That It will be Given to him The The narration From the Holy Prophet Peace be upon him And his progeny The narration Narrations From the Holy Imam Mohammed Al-Baqar Peace be upon him And Imam Jaafar And Muhammad Peace be upon him Narrations From the Imam Stresses On the importance Of This night In particular It says that Your Hajat And Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Whatever You can do For this night Is Holy For this night Is sacred For this night The greatest Secret Of Allah Will get birth The narration Continues Whoever Is deprived Of the goodness Of this night Has definitely Been deprived Of something great So don't Deprive So don't get yourself Deprived From the blessings Of this night It is A great night The night of The Mid of God's will Tomorrow It is A great night That The master of our time Will be Will be born At this night As you have heard From the Narrations Of the Ahl al-Bayt From the narration Of The Holy Prophet Peace And blessings of Allah Be upon him And his progeny It says that All your Hajat All your Supplications And all Your Actions Will You know Actions And matters of prayers Will bring you Closer To Allah Will bring you To the closest Points Where All your Hajat Be accepted And It is a promise thing By the Holy Prophet Peace And blessings Be upon him And his progeny The first thing that The Salik The waifr You know The narration also continues The first thing That That Salik The waifr On the path towards Allah Glorified And exalted Is he Must perform On this night Is that He must He must remove The material pleasure And enjoyment Of this night From in front Of his eyes Remove The worldly Pleasures From yourselves Remove the worldly Pleasures From your hearts My brothers And sisters Because It will take you You know Father from Allah The narration also Continues And From his heart Not only Your eyes That these Materialistic Wishes That these Materialistic things That the worldly Pleasures Not only from your eyes You keep them away But also keep them away From your hearts And in order To make the most Of his special Of this special Night And ensure That All of his actions Are All of these actions Are performed Properly The The wafer The person Who goes Towards the path Of Allah He must Think To himself That night Is his last night On earth My brothers And sisters On the nights Of the mid Of Sha'ban Imagine That It is the last night In your life Imagine That you can't Do any action Or good deed Imagine That There is nothing good After this night That you can do And do your supplications Do them With that wish In your heart That You know That thing in your heart That This is the last action For us This is the last thing That we do In life The narration Also Continues Is the last night Of his Meaning That tomorrow He shall die And thus He will no longer Have the opportunity To perform any more Good deeds And that tomorrow Is the day Of judgment Where all the deeds Will be You know Will be portrayed In front of Allah I leave you now With life Footages From the areas Neighboring the holy shrines Of Imam Hussein And his brother Abu al-Fadr al-Abbas Peace be upon them And Live Footages From Near the holy shrine Of Imam Hussein And the holy shrine Of his Brother Abu al-Fadr al-Abbas Peace be upon them So stay tuned Dear brothers and sisters We'll be back In short break Stay tuned And Stay tuned Dear brothers and sisters We'll be back In short break Stay tuned Dear brothers and sisters We'll be back In short break Stay tuned Dear brothers and sisters We'll be back In short break This is the day Of judgment Where all the deeds Will be You know Will be portrayed In front of Allah And Will be portrayed In front of Allah And I leave you now And Live The day تموت على عمبات قد محنبتة وليش مجان يشمر ريحة نعمت على السم من يعليها يغضيها الشمس من يهزبي الله هل لحظمه من خوفة علمه على شفوفة لحظمه من خوفة علمه على تفوق أبو فاضل هل شائل الرع الله إذا أبا لمرعب أشهد أنكم من المدينة إرسالة من المدينة من إمام حسين وإمام عبو فضل عباس لما يكون لكم يريد أن تصميم هذا لأنه مهم إنه أعمال من الناس ومن الشعبام أول أعمل is to recite 100 times سبحان الله و الحمد لله ولا إله إلا الله والله أكبر أول أعمل is to take a bath with the thought of washing away sins and as if it's your last when you take that you've got to make an intention in your heart that you are washing the sins out of you and to think of it as the last just like we said all the أعمل that you do you do it in the intention of that these are the last أعمل you do in your life the third أعمل recite 100 times أستغفر الله with the intention of seeking forgiveness أستغفر الله with the intention of seeking forgiveness is of great magnitude the fourth أعمل recite زيارة أبو مام حسين عليه السلام and special زيارة and special زيارة أبو مام حسين for 15 شعبام as well as all of them and angels visit the Imam Hussein peace be upon him on this night as a sort of salutation one may go to the terrace an elevated place just go to any elevated place like the top of your house is on the roof you just stand there and say السلام عليك يا أبا عبد الله ورحمة الله وبركاته peace be upon you or about Abdullah peace and Allah's mercy and blessings be upon you the first أعمل is to recite namaz the Salat of جعفر الطيار the sixth أعمل is to recite دعاء كوميل for seeking forgiveness in hadith you know these are these hadiths and narrations are about دعاء كوميل in hadith it is mentioned that كوميل ابن زياد said I was sitting with my master أمير المؤمن I was sitting with my master أمير المؤمن I was sitting with my master I was sitting with my master I was sitting with my master I was sitting with my master I was sitting with my master أمير المؤمنين علي ابن عبيط طالب عليه السلام in مججد الكوفة and a group of companions were also sitting with him one of them asked him what the meaning what is the meaning of the verse were upon every wise command is made clear the Imam peace be upon him replied the meaning of this the night of the fifteenth of شعبان I swear the Imam says here I swear by the one who holds the life of Ali in his hands there is not a single servant of Allah except that all the good and bad that will reach him this year is divided up and handed out on the fifteenth of شعبان and this good and bad will continue from the fifteenth of شعبان until next year on the same night so basically it says here that the عمل the rewards and everything whatever good thing that will happen to you whatever good thing also that will happen to you will all be divided at the night of شعبان the narration continues one must see closeness to Imam المهدي may Allah hasten his reappearance the حجة of our time وَالِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ the greatest secret of Allah the possessor of the Divine Accultation and Inviter to the message of the Prophet the successor of all prophets and the successor and so on continues of the nicknames of the Imam may Allah hasten his reappearance رسالة المشاهدة شكرا لكم for joining us in this live report from the streets neighboring the holy shrines of Imam Hussein and his brother Abbas peace be upon them stay tuned for more live for more live shows and reports from Imam Hussein TV3 والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته ل็يوownف folklore علم على الفا는 للقبنwoman أولي founder علم على الفا نبدو شارة بيها حاد تشبح شارتي ر حايك عمباس السابع الجانب فيرى شارة بيها حاد تشبح شارتي


Everything I got from Trader Joe's in New York City, this is a haul, let's get into it. My name is Nika and this is High Black Girl, a channel where we live our lives at our highest potential, physically, financially, emotionally and every E in between so if that sounds like something that's interesting to you, make sure you go ahead and subscribe to this channel and in today's video we're going to, well, I guess I'm going to be sharing everything I got in Trader Joe's that typically lasts me about a week in New York. This claimer I typically shop at the grocery list so I spend around $50 a Trader Joe's but this week I spend a little bit more. Let's get right into the video. I'm going to lay the candle to set the mood, also because I'm just obsessed with candles, I mean I love it when my house smells good. So I got some bread, some eggs, I love these eggs because when they're brown and they're quite inexpensive I pay like $3 for a dozen, a potato, I'm going to throw that in there, some avocados, got three of them, I'm going to throw, let's just say one, maybe two of them in there for now, I do like to eat my avocados. So veggie broth, I do plan on making a vegan like chicken noodle soup this week, three apples, probably throw those in there too, and I got this umami multi-purpose seasoning, I'm really excited about this because I've been trying to recreate the shroomy, shroomy sweet cream bowl and I think this seasoning is going to be exactly what my mushrooms need to make them taste ooh so good. Then I got these noodles because I want to make a chicken noodle soup, well a fake chicken chicken noodle soup, and I thought these would be a great addition to that, some celery chicken noodle soup once again. I got this coconut beverage, I've been drinking these since I have the coconut milks, one because it's lighter, two because it's cheaper, and three, I don't think I have a really good their reason, but I really like these. My fun, well it says coconut beverage, not coconut milk, and I'm like you do probably have a point there girl, but I'm not really sure what the difference is, if you know the difference between your coconut milk and this coconut beverage, please let me know. So I got this vegan Caesar dressing, this is my absolute favorite dressing, and I don't even really care that it's vegan, it's just like an added bonus, it's so good, I prefer this to non-vegan Caesar dressing, it's just amazing, you got an onion, I'll put that in there too, just so I can make some onions and potatoes, and then I got this corn, this corn is so sweet, it tastes so good, I put it in a chili that I made a couple weeks ago and I was like whoo, it just made the chili sweet and spicy, it's delicious, super excess, it's cilantro dressing because one, I completely forgot about it, but two, I was out of my vegan Caesar dressing for so long that I couldn't eat any salads, I tried making a dressing with some vegan mayo and olive oil, salt, pepper, and garlic that I had in my fridge and it was, I would not make that again, so I wanted to get a dressing that has preservatives and was bigger and that I could just keep in my fridge for whenever I run out of this, so I think that's it for this bag, got to get into this bag, so I thought some spinach, I always get the spinach so good, it's spinach, you don't really need to say much else, but then I also got arugula and I typically don't get arugula, but because it's getting fall time and I have a really good sweet green salad guys, I am like so heavenly influenced by sweet green when they change everything for fall, so I ended up getting this wild arugula just to make some salads with it and like some warm bowls, I got some riyish buns because I was out of buns and I like to have my riyish buns, it's supposed to be regular buns when I treat myself like a veggie burger, I typically just freeze these and just use them as needed because I don't go through these like that quickly, Bananas, the banana, the banana juice, oh my gosh, the banana is a true juice or literally like 19 cents per banana, so I always get a good chunk of bananas, I like to put these in my smoothies, I got some mushrooms as well, I'm gonna use that, I don't know where my seasoning went, I'm gonna season them with this and like salt and pepper and I think that's gonna give me that sweet green flavor, so we'll see how this works but I'm really excited to try this and I'm planning on just doing like mushrooms, arugula, spinach, quinoa, wild rice and like just making a little warm bowl of like avocados and like some tofu but getting ahead of myself, let's keep going, tomatoes because I like to make little open-faced toast for breakfast, I got some wild rice, I have never made wild rice before so please pray for me but I got these taco seasoning mix because I like to put them in my black beans, quesadillas with like corn and black beans and the taco seasoning mix and cheese and I'll be a nice like easy lunch that I can have at home, these are my favorite high protein veggie burgers, honestly these are so good, I like to put a little like teriyaki sauce on them or just some type of seasoning but honestly they're good just the way they are, I'm obsessed, they do get a bit crumbly if you overcook them but super good, I really like them and I'm trying to tone down and slim down a bit so I love my body just as it is but I've really been focusing on eating a lot more protein and I think that just helps with like muscle formation, then I just got some shredded tofu, I have some of this in the fridge already but I'm going to give more and tofu, like this isn't expired until December 13th, it's October now so it just has a really long shelf life so I like to just grab some tofu anytime in there and I love this one because it comes like separated so you can just like rip it in half leave one in there and it's a really good like serving size if you are a single adult woman like me or a guy, if you're single and you're not looking for a lot of people it's nice for that, broccoli, I've just been craving broccoli yet um so I got broccoli, I didn't say it was vegan guys, I love me some cheese and the cheese attruder was just so good so I mentioned those quesadillas, cheese, black beans, maybe some spinach we'll see but yeah, I got some cheese literally just for that reason I got these semi-sweet chocolate chongs, I've never tried them before but they were cheaper than the 72% dark cocoa chocolate chips and the semi-sweet chocolate chips that I usually get so I wanted to check these out, I mean it's chocolate so I feel like my cookies will taste good with or without them but over the weekend I tried to make chocolate chip cookies, I had chocolate chips and I had walnut so I was really excited but then I realized I was out of chocolate chips so I had to get some more so I can make some cookies again but right now I made a shit ton of suckered noodles so I have to get through those carrots um because I want to make that chicken noodle soup guys so we'll see how that goes I think I'll probably just use the um the tofu for like the chicken so I'll probably like fry it season it and like make it like chickeny flavor and then use the carrots, the celery and the chicken broth for the soup what should be left? I've never made chicken noodle soup before so I hope it turns out good and I just got some peaches I typically don't put peaches in my smoothies but I have them putting peach yogurt in my smoothies and I like how that tastes so I thought I'd get some real peaches and see how that works I usually do my smoothies with banana now peaches pineapple mango and a bit of spinach or I sometimes just spinach out if I don't want to but also I like protein powder and collagen but yeah I thought this would be really good to try out with my smoothies and I'm trying to do like more adventurous smoothies to you like I feel like I always have the same smoothies over and over again so it'll be good to try out the peaches last thing just some smoked salmon I love this smoked salmon it's really going to come super affordable but yeah so that's some smoked salmon I love this because I like to make a little breakfast toast with it and it's nice I can like keep this in my fridge for so long and then like when I'm out of like my regular breakfast foods then I'll just do these toasts and this is like my favorite thing to eat anyway so I'm like it's nice when you're like running out of groceries but you have like a little end of groceries treat in your fridge that is it so all in all I spent $77.19 at Trader Joe's and this food will probably last for the week I still need to go to Whole Foods I need to pick up like coffee and I like to get like my shrimp and salmon from Whole Foods as well I think it's just better quality from there um but basically this is typically what I get and when I eat and this will last me about a week in New York City um let me know if you guys have any questions or if you even like these videos I just figured I need to film today who doesn't like Trader Joe's and who doesn't like Trader Joe's from New York City so let me know if you guys are interested in these videos and if you have any comments below for watching um love you bye


Well, hello everybody. I'm John Walls here with theCUBE and we're very happy to continue our coverage here of Splunk.conf 21. And today we're going to talk about cybersecurity. Obviously, everybody is well aware of a number of breaches that have happened around the globe, but you might say there's been a surge in trying to prevent those from happening down the road. And I'm going to let our guests explain that. Ryan Kovar, who's a security strategist at Splunk. Ryan, good to see you with us here on theCUBE. Glad you could join us today. Thank you very much. I wish we could have been doing this in person, but such is the time of life we live. Yeah, we have learned to live on Zoom. That's for sure. And it's the next best thing to being there. So again, thanks for that. Well, let's talk about surge, if you will. I know obviously Splunk and data security go hand in hand. That is a high priority with the company, but now you have a new initiative that you're just now rolling out to take that to an even higher level. Tell us about that. Yeah, it's something I'm extremely excited to announce. It's the first time we're really talking about it is at .com21, which is wonderful. And it's kind of the culmination of my seven years here at Splunk. Before I came to Splunk, I did about 20 years of cybersecurity research and defense and nation state hunting and threat intelligence and policy and compliance and just about everything, public sector in the US and the UK, private sector, a couple of different places. So I've kind of been around the block. One of the things I found that I'm really passionate about is just being a network defender or a blue teamer. And a lot of my time here at Splunk has been around that. It's been speaking at conferences, doing research, coming up with ways to basically defend organizations with the tools they have at hand. And something that we say a lot is we work on the problems of today and tomorrow, not the distant future, right? The really practical things. And we had, and there's a little bit of a thing called SolarWinds, you might have heard of it, that happened earlier in December. And we were able to stand up kind of an ad hoc, rag tag group of Splunkers around the world in a matter of hours. And we worked about 24 hours through handing over to Australia into a MIA and then back over to America and able to publish really helpful work for our customers to detect or defend or mitigate against what we knew at the time around SolarWinds, the attack. And then as time went on, we were continuing to write and create material but we didn't have a group that was focused on it. We were all kind of chipping in after hours or deprecating other bits of work. And I said, you know, we really need to focus on this. This is a big deal. And how can we actually surge up to meet these needs if you will, the play on the punter. So we created an idea of a small team dedicated to current events and also doing security research around the problems that people are facing around the world in security who use Splunk and maybe even those who don't. And that's where the idea of this team was formed and we've been working all summer. We're releasing our first research project, excuse me, app.conf, which is around supply chain compromise using JAW3Z and Splunk, authored by myself and primarily Marcus Lafrera. And we have other research projects coming out every quarter along with doing this work around just helping people with any sort of immediate cybersecurity threat that we're able to assist with. So what are you hoping that security teams can get out of this work? Obviously you're investing a lot of resources and doing the research, I assume diversifying, you know, the areas into which you're exploring. Ultimately, what would be the takeaway if I was on the other end, if I was on the client end, what would you hope that I would be extracting from this work? Sure. We want to get you promoted. I mean, that's kind of the joke of it, but we talk a lot. I want to make everyone in the world who use a Splunk or cybersecurity look good to their bosses and defend their company as fast and quickly as possible. So one of the big mandates for my team is creating consumable, actionable work and research. So we joke a lot that, you know, I have a pretty thick beard here, one I even call a neck beard. And a lot of people in our community, we create things for what I would call wizards, cybersecurity wizards. And we go to conferences and we talk from wizard to wizard and we kind of sit on our ivory tower on stage and kind of proclaim out how to do things. And I've sat on the other side and sometimes they sound great, but they're not actually helping people with their job today. And so the takeaway for me, what I hope people are able to take away is we're here for you, we're here for the little guys, the network defenders. We're creating things that we're hoping you can immediately take home and implement and do and make better detections and really find the things that are immediate threats to your network in not necessarily having to, you know, create a whole new environment or apply magic. So is there a difference then in terms of, say, enterprise threats, as opposed to if I'm a small business or of a medium-sized business, maybe I have four or 500 employees as opposed to four or 5,000 or 40,000. What about, you know, finding that ground where you can address both of those levels of business and of concern? You know, 20 years ago or 10 years ago, I would have answered that question very differently. And I fully acknowledge I have a bias in nation-state threats. That's what I'm primarily trained in. However, in the last five years, thanks or not thanks to ransomware, what we're seeing is the same threats that are affecting and impacting Fortune 100, Fortune 10 companies, the entire federal government of the United States are the exact same threats that are actually impacting and causing havoc on smaller organizations and businesses. So the reality is in today's threat landscape, I do believe actually the threat is the same to each, but it is not the same level of capabilities for a 100-person or 500-person company to a company the size of Splunk or a Fortune 100 company. And that's something that we are actually focusing on is how do we create things that help every size of that business? Right, yeah, I mean, giving me the tools, right? Exactly. Which is giving you the power to fight that battle yourself as much as possible. You may never be able to have the headcount of a Fortune 100 company, but thanks to the power of software and tools and things like the cloud, you might have some force multipliers that we're hoping to create for you in a much more packaged, consumable method. Yeah, let's go back to the research that you mentioned. How did you pick the first topic? I mean, because this is your splash and I'm sure there was a lot of thought put into where do we want to dive in first? You know, I'd love to say there was a lot of thought put into it because it would make me sound smugger, but it was something we all just immediately knew was a gap. You know, SolarWinds, which was a supply chain compromise attack, really revealed to many of us something that reporters had been talking about for years that we never really saw come to fruition was a real actionable threat. And when we started looking at our library of offerings and what we could actually help customers with, I talked to over 175 federal and private sector companies around the world in a month and a half after SolarWinds. And a lot of times the answer was, yeah, we can't really help you with this specific part of the problem. We can help you around all sorts of other places, but like, gosh, how do you actually detect this? And there's not a great answer. And that really bothered me. And to be perfectly honest, that was part of the reason that we've founded the team. So it was a very obvious next step was, well, this is why we're creating the team then our first product should probably be around this problem. And then you say, okay, supply chain, that's really big. That's a huge chunk of work. So the first question is like, well, what can we actually affect Chainjohn without talking about things like quantum computing, right? Which are all things that are blockchain, quantum computing, these are all solutions that are actually possible to solve or mitigate supply chain compromise, but it's not happening today. And it sure as heck isn't even happening tomorrow. So how do we create something that's digestible today? And so what Marcus did and one of his true skillsets is really refining the problem down, down, down, down. And where can we get to the point of, hey, this is data that we think most organizations have a chance of collecting. These are methodologies that we think people can do and how can they actually implement them with success in their network. And then we test that. And then we kind of keep doing a, I'm a huge fan of the concept of Oodaloop, Orien Observe Decide and Act. And we do that through our hypothesizing. We kind of keep looking at that and iterating over and over and over again until we're able to come up with a solution that seems to be applicable for the personas that we're trying to help. And that's where we got out with this research of, hey, collect network data, use a tool like Splunk and some of our built-in statistical analysis functions and come out the other side. And I'll be honest, we're not solving the problem. We're helping you with the problem. And I think that's a key differentiator of what we're saying is there is no silver bullet. And frankly, anyone who tells you they can solve supply chain, let me know because I wanna join that hot new startup. The reality is we can help you go from a field of haystacks to a single haystack. And inside that single haystack, there's a needle, right? And there's actually a lot of value in that because before the problem was unapproachable. And now we've gotten it down to saying like, hey, use your traditional tools, use your traditional analytic craft on a much smaller set of data where we've pretty much verified that there's something here, but look right here. And that's where we kind of focused. You talked about, and we all know about the importance and really the emphasis that's put on data protection, right? At the same time, can you use data to help you protect? I mean, is there information or insight that could be gleaned from data that whether it's behavioral or whatever the case might be, that not only is something that you can operationalize and it's a good thing for your business, but you could also put it into practice in terms of your security practices too. 100%, the undervalued aspect of cybersecurity, in my opinion, is elbow grease. You can buy a lot of tools, but the reality is to get value immediately, usually the easiest place to start is just doing the hard detail-oriented work. And so when you ask, is there data that can help you immediately, data analytics, actually I go to, knowing what you have in your network, knowing what you have that you're actually trying to protect, asset and inventory, CMDB, things like this, which it's not attractive, it's not something people wanna talk about, but it's actually the basis of all good security. How do you possibly defend something if you don't know what you're defending and where it is? And something that we found in our research was in order to detect and find anomalous behavior of systems communicating outbound, it's too much. So what you have to do is limit the scope down to those critical assets that you're most concerned about. And a perfect example of critical asset and there's no shame or victim blaming here put on SolarWinds, it's just that that is an example of an appliance server that has massive impact on organization as we saw in 2020. And how can you actually find that if you don't know where it is? So really that first step is taking the data that you already have and saying let's find all the systems that we're trying to protect and what's often known as a crown jewels approach and then applying these advanced analytics on top of those crown jewel approaches to limit the data scope and really get it to just what you're trying to protect. And once you're positive that you have that fairly well defended then you go out to the next tier and the next tier and next tier. And that's a great approach to take things you're already doing today and applying them and getting better results tomorrow. Well, before I let you go, I'd like to just have you put a bow on surge if you will on that package. Why is this a big deal to you? It's been a long time in the making. I know you're very happy about the rollout this week. What's the impact you wanna have? Why is it important? We did a lot of literature review. I have a very analytical background. My time working at DARPA taught me a lot about doing research and development and oddly enough the value of failure and how much sometimes even failing as long as you talk about it and talk about your approach and methodology and share that is important. And the other part of this is I see a lot of work done by many other wonderful organizations but they're really solving for a problem further down the road or they're creating solutions that not everyone can implement. And so what I think is so important and what's different about our team is we're not only thinking differently, we're hiring differently. We have people have a threat intelligence background from the White House. We have another researcher who did 10 years at DARPA in security research and development. We've recently hired a former journalist who she's made a career pivot into cybersecurity and she's helping us really review the data and what people are facing and come up with a real connection to make sure we are tackling the right problems. And so to me, what I'm most excited about is we're not only trying to solve different problems and I think what most of the world is looking at for cybersecurity research, we've staffed it to be different, think different and come up with things that are probably a little less normal than everyone's seen before. And I'm excited about that. Well, and rightly so. Ryan, thanks for the time. Pleasure to have you here on theCUBE and the information again, the initiative is surge. Check it out. Splunk very much active in the cybersecurity protection business and so we certainly appreciate that effort. Thank you, Ryan. Wonderful. Thank you very much, John. You bet. Ryan Kovar joining us here on our CUBE coverage. We continue our coverage of .conf21.


The animal-derived xenogenic biomaterials used in different surgeries are promising for various applications in tissue engineering. To attain a bioactive extracellular matrix, ECM, that can be safely transplanted, the material must first undergo tissue desellularization. The main objective of this study is to assess the structural integrity, biocompatibility, and potential use of various acellular biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. The Trypsin, Triton-X, TX, and Sodium-Dodesil-Sulfate, SDS, Trypsin plus TX plus SDS protocol was used to effectively eliminate the cellular antigens from the biomaterials while preserving the ECM integrity. The desellularized pericardial tissue, DPP, was found to have significantly increased elasticity compared to the control group. Additionally, the tensile strength of both DPP and desellularized porcine pericardial tissue, DPP, was not affected by the desellularization process. Furthermore, all desellularized tissues were biocompatible with persistent growth of the adipose stem cells. This article was authored by Hussain M. L. Hussaini, Imani Mady, Masahiro Kaneda, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


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Men have come to this place and men have gone from this place according to the rivers. Men's fortunes have risen and fallen as the rivers rose and fell. For we hold this land only as we hold the waters to man's timing and direct them to man's purpose. This is the West USA, 17 states where limited rainfall makes existence dependent on water conservation. The problem is to get water from where it falls to where it will do the most good. Unless the natural supply is moved to suit man, he will be plagued with alternate floods and drought. A hundred years ago, our people in the West tackled the problem of bringing the water to the land. Irrigation 2,000 miles east and west, 2,000 miles north and south. Irrigation developments built by pioneers to water their farms, by communities to water their valleys, and by federal reclamation when needs called for larger, more complex systems. By wise development of our river basins, we have made them support more people. The West has reclaimed 22 million irrigated acres from the desert, 6 million acres on reclamation projects alone, homes for a quarter of a million farm families and for every farm family, several families in town. The same water that gives life to thirsty acres produces power to process the products of those acres and spark general industrial expansion. New resources, new wealth, new markets to make America strong and keep America free. Water for the earth, water for power, water for work and play. Reclamation water is all these. There was always the promise of gold in western hills. Yet the West can never yield more wealth than its water will allow. In an irrigation system office, the manager is talking with an irrigation farmer. If you ask me, the future of not only the west, but of the whole country depends largely on a couple of things. It depends on making the best use of the water we've already got and how much more water we can put to use. Yes, I know there's a lot we irrigators can do to make every drop count, but you fellas have to deliver it to us before we can use it. You know, we used to sort of take water for granted, but the way the whole West has been growing, it looks like we're going to have trouble finding enough to go around. You're right, because here in the West, agriculture and industry too, to a large extent, can grow only as fast as we get the water. But it isn't entirely a matter of finding new water. We can gain a lot by just making better use of what we have. You're putting your finger on one of irrigation's biggest problems. Do you realize that on many irrigation projects, about half the water supply is lost before it ever reaches the farm turnout, wasted through seepage, transpiration by weeds, and inefficient operation all along the line? You might say that wherever river we put to work, we lose the equivalent of another one nearly as big. That means about half of the developed western rivers are lost. That's as far as irrigation's concerned. That's right. Put them all together and you'd have one of the world's biggest rivers with dams, canals, and ditches already built to put its water to work. Millions and millions of dollars spent to make the water available and not a drop going on a farm. Lost river, you might call it. That's a good name for it, and to think whole rivers lost when the country is so critically short of irrigation water. But much of this tremendous loss can be saved through good management with the backing of you irrigators. Saving this water is the quickest and cheapest way we can increase western irrigation and grow more food and fiber to meet the country's soaring needs. Now, suppose we take just a few minutes to talk about some of the things we can do right here on our own system to recover our share of that lost river. Water conservation really starts on the watershed above the dam. In order to plan our season's operations properly, we have to know what the runoff will be. So we use snow surveys coordinated by the soil conservation service, the state, and other groups, precipitation measurements, and long-range weather forecasts from the Weather Bureau, and data on stream flow and water table levels on the watershed from the U.S. Geological Survey. Reforestation and watershed protection by the Forest Service and others helps to protect our source of water. Yeah, and it helps keep the soil on the land too. That's where it belongs, not in our reservoirs. Even with a clean reservoir we have our problems. Seapage, for instance, can occur in spite of the best engineering and construction. Sometimes we have to grout by forcing a mixture of cement, sand, and water down through the holes to stop underground leaks. Operation of the gates at the reservoir takes a lot of careful management. The trick is to keep an adequate supply flowing without any unnecessary waste. This is often complicated by downstream power plants, flood control, and navigation, as well as irrigation. But irrigation is the main job. That's fine. You can serve the water that goes through the valves. But what about the surplus water that spills from the reservoir? Surplus water can be saved by diverting it into spreading basins. It percolates down through the gravel to recharge the underground water basin. Diversion dams are not as spectacular as storage dams, but their operation is just as important. You'll bet it is. Gates need to be set frequently to meet changing demands. A lot of water may be wasted by gates which aren't adjusted often enough because they're hard to operate or hard to get to. Modern power operated gates cost money, but they pay off in water saved. Proper management includes continuous and accurate measurement so the gate tender knows how much is going down the ditch at all times. Good management includes things like keeping sluice gates in good working order so that it will be a simple matter to sluice out silt from behind the diversion dam. This ought to be done regularly to prevent silt from getting into the canal. But it's below the diversion dam in the canals and laterals where we really get back some of that lost river. As common, the thing is overloading a canal can waste a lot of water and lead to even more serious trouble if the ditch breaks. I know, but sometimes overloading can't be helped. For instance, in case of a sudden rain. Sure, but protection against overloading can be provided by flashboard wasteways. They serve as automatic safety valves by spilling excess water before it can do any damage. Grass spillways do the same thing. We ought to have more of them. It's even better to have small regulatory reservoirs. Then when we're faced with an overload, we have some place to save the water. Keeping high water out of the canal prevents a lot of seepage. Seepage, that's one of our biggest water wastes. It causes all kinds of damage. We lose not only the water, we lose the land. That's waterlogged too. Yes, and it pays to make our canals sound and watertight. There are a lot of ways of doing it. Concrete is long lasting. It is widely used on irrigation projects. Mortar is sometimes sprayed pneumatically over wire mesh reinforcing. Gravel blanketing seems to be working out pretty well on the south main canal over our way. Under some conditions, gravel blanketing is a simple and inexpensive way to stop leaks. Silt settles in the gravel, forming a seal. Grouted rip is sometimes used. Where soil conditions are right, compacted earth is satisfactory even on large main canals. Leaky banks can sometimes be sealed by jetting them with oil or mixtures of clay and water. The oil or clay penetrates the soil and forms a watertight curtain. I noticed a lot of asphalt being used lately. Asphalt membranes properly applied are doing well in many localities. Asphalt is sprayed on the subgrade. Then it is blanketed with earth or gravel. It must be awfully tough stuff. It sure is. It took a lot of laboratory research to develop a material to stand up under all extremes of temperature in an oven or an ice water and tough enough to stand pressure and pounding without breaking. A lot of us don't realize how much work is going on all the time in labs and in the field to find better ways of operating and maintaining our projects. All we see is the benefit we get from it. It's just as important to have tight structures as to have tight canals. It's mighty poor economy to keep any kind of leaky structures in service. I guess there's no method of ditch lining that's always best for all purposes. Nope. It's a matter of determining which one best meets a particular situation. There's another big water field. Weeds. Weeds, brush, and trees take a large toll of water if we don't keep fighting them all the time. They not only steal water but clog up the canals and laterals, cut down the flow, and force us to overload canals to meet your needs. Sometimes the growth will stop the whole show if it isn't checked. One acre of stuff like this uses enough water to irrigate two acres of average crops. We have to use everything in the book to keep them under control. Drag lines where the going is really tough. Dredges, which leave a clean canal behind them. Another types of earth moving equipment. It's a strange kind of amphibious warfare with chains dragged in the water to destroy moss and water weeds. Disks to cut underwater growth.  Sprays to kill brush and weeds on the bank. Weed burners to burn them out. And just plain mowing them down. The menace can be met by more peaceful methods too. Like shaping the banks and sowing them to grass. While we're on the subject of ditch banks, I'd like to know what we can do about bullfries. Well, one way is just trapping one at a time. But it's often a tedious and discouraging business. A faster way is to get them down in their runways with a poisoned gas like calcium cyanide. That's mass murder from the gopher's point of view. But you have to be careful. The stuff is as poisonous to the poisoner as it is to the gophers. One shot kills every gopher it reaches within a hundred feet or so. A gopher hole along a canal bank may look pretty innocent. Once water starts running through it, you're in for trouble. This is headquarters. What is it, Charlie? Over? There's a break starting on West lateral at about mile four plus 300. Looks like it started from a gopher hole. We'll send somebody right out.  Over? Roger. Ditch writer seven out. Yes, all three trucks.  Headquarters over and out. Load up number four dozer and send it right out. Some years ago, a break like that would probably mean a ditch out of service for several days. Washing out the crops around the break. While other ones farther down the canal were going dry. Some folks thought we shouldn't put money in a two way radio. Wouldn't you say it was money well spent? Thanks to radio communication, we'll have water flowing again before evening. But of course you don't have that kind of an emergency every day. All we use radio for other things beside emergencies. You'd be surprised how it speeds up routine operations. Let's go over and listen for a while. Headquarters calling ditch writer three. Headquarters calling ditch writer three. Come in please. This is ditch writer three. Ed, Charlie Johnson. Turn out number seven one just called. Finksy isn't getting the full head of water he ordered. Can you take care of it? Over? I'm just about there now. I'll check it. Ditch writer three over and out. That radio enables us to give much better service to our water users. And what's more important it saves water. When water supplies are tight or the main canals and laterals are not too big you've got to figure all the angles. Here in this district the ditch writer keeps in close touch with all his users. Whenever he knows he's going to have a little extra water he tries to find someone who can make good use of it. It all goes to show that the closer we work together the more efficient operation we have and the less water we waste. Sure it does. For example you like a constant head of water when you irrigate. We have a better chance to give it to you if you'll notify us promptly when you want the water and when you want it turned off. The more advanced notice you give us the better chance we have of adjusting your deliveries to fit in with your neighbors. We don't like to fluctuate the head of water in our canals either. Such fluctuations waste a lot of water. And there are plenty of other ways we're losing that lost river. For example I know of places where good crop land is being destroyed by laterals with too much drop. Soil is carried on down the system to clog up the work somewhere else. Can't checks and drops stop that cutting? Well we put in a lot of new checks under the rehabilitation and betterment program but we still need plenty more to make every drop of water count. See I've heard something about underground pipe systems. What about them? They're going in for concrete pipe in a big way in some areas. The initial cost is sometimes high but once they're in your seepage evaporation and weed problems are done so far as the distribution system is concerned anyway. An underground pipe systems let you farm all your land. Where land is valuable that can be important. What mostly water conservation is a lot of little things like replacing old leaky wooden turnouts for example. We've been putting in modern concrete structures as fast as we can using labor saving techniques like movable forms and prefabricated parts wherever possible. Some new type turnouts have built-in water measuring features which make it easier to deliver exactly the right amount of water into the farm ditch. With some structures the ditch rider calculates the flow by measuring the depth of water or checking it on a staff gauge. Others are equipped with meters which read directly in terms of the rate of delivery or even calculate the total volume delivered. This makes it as simple as reading your electric meter. You know after you get the water fast to turn out there are lots of things we fellas can do to save water like using siphons for better control. We're working out a lot of new wrinkles with the help of the state colleges and the soil conservation service. A couple of fellows in this district have installed farm pipe systems that's an efficient way to handle water. I've been thinking about buying one of those portable sprinkler systems. Yes they do a good job and save water under certain conditions especially where soil is light and the land is too irregular to grade properly. Leveling is pretty important. A rough field sure does take more water and more labor than a level field. Some of us leveled our old fields down a couple of years ago and it certainly has paid off. A well-prepared field with clean head ditches and wasteways means higher production with lower costs. There's no sense in letting valuable water spill onto the roadside or into your neighbor's field. But drainage water isn't necessarily wasted is it? By no means. Reuse of drainage water is one of the most valuable conservation measures we have. With the right kind of farm wasteway surface waste can be collected and used on lower ground. But suppose there is no place to use it on lower ground. In that case sometimes they pump it back into the irrigation ditch or they can run the drain into a river so that the water can be diverted farther down the street.  A little water saved here and a little water saved there on any kind of a project no matter how big it is or who operates it. A lot of water users in irrigation districts are already doing a fine job. It's a job for all of us to keep on hammering at. Saving lost river is a matter of plugging little leaks. On the watershed at the main dam and reservoir at the diversion dam stopping seepage improving operations and fighting weeds along the canals and laterals delivering the right amount of water to the farm turnout at the right time. Efficient use of water on the farm itself and last but not least reusing water again and again as long as there was a drop we can put back to work. Yes as the manager and the irrigator agree the west must save lost river. Its power, its food, its homes and its purchasing power have largely come about where water has been brought to dry but fertile acre. Water is wealth. It is the difference between desert and field cactus and fruit jack rabbits and good beef cactus. Through the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation alone the American people have invested about two billion dollars to harness western waters and put them to work. We reap returns in food and fiber in a more healthful diet more than half a billion dollars worth of farm produce each year hundreds of millions of dollars worth of purchasing power linking east and south and midwest and north into the nationwide network of reclamation benefits. All these from western rivers. We can nearly double this wealth if we save lost river and put its waters to work. More prosperity, greater security, from wiser, better, more economical use of our precious water resources.