Part 1 of Chapter 8 of Travels in West Africa. Concerning the way in which the Voyager goes, from the island of Ampheta, to no one knows exactly where, in doubtful and bad company, and of what this led to, and giving also some accounts of the great forest, and of those people that live therein.  And at night, when passing through this bit of country, I was usually too tired to do anything more than make an entry such as 5S4RANE ebony, T1 to 50, etc., etc., entries that require amplification to explain their significance, and I will proceed to explain. Our first day's march was a very long one. Pathing the ordinary acceptance of the term there was none. Hour after hour, mile after mile, we passed on in the undergloom of the great forest. The pace made by the fans, who are infinitely the most rapid Africans I have ever come across, severely tired via Jumba, who are canoe men, and who had been as fresh as paint after their exceedingly long days paddling from Arevuma to Infetta. Mgotta, the Igalwa interpreter, felt pumped and said as much very early in the day. I regretted very much having brought him, for from a mixture of nervous exhaustion arising from our Infetta experiences, and a touch of chill he had almost entirely lost his voice, and I feared he would fall sick. The fans were evidently quiet at home in the forest, and strode on over fallen trees and rocks with an easy graceful stride. What saved us weaklings was the fans' appetites. After two hours they sat down, and had a snack of a pound or so of meat and Aguma a piece, followed by a pipe of tobacco. We used to come up with them at these halts. In Gota and the Ajumba used to sit down and rest with them, and I also for a few minutes for a rest and chat, and then I would go on alone, thus getting a good start. I got a good start, in the other meaning of the word, on the afternoon of the first day, when descending into a ravine. I saw in the bottom, wading and rolling in the mud, a herd of five elephants. I remembered hastily that your one chance when charged by several elephants is to dodge them round trees, working down wind all the time until they lose smell and sight of you, then to lie quiet for a time and go home. It was evident, from the utter unconcern of these monsters, that I was down wind now, so I had only to attend to dodging, and I promptly dodged around a tree and lay down. Seeing they still displayed no emotion on my account, and fascinated by the novelty of the scene, I crept forward from one tree to another, until I was close enough to have hit the nearest one with a stone, and spats of mud which they sent flying with their stamping and wallowing came flap flap among the bushes covering me. One big fellow had a nice pair of forty pounds or so tusks on him, singularly straight, and another had one big curved tusk, and one broken one. Some of them lay right down like pigs in the deeper part of a swamp, some drew up trunkfuls of water, and syringed themselves and each other, and every one of them indulged in a good rub against a tree.  When they had gone I rose up, turned round to find the men, and trod on Kiva's back then in there, full and fair, and fell sideways down the steep hillside until I fetched up among some roots. It seems Kiva had come on after his meal, before the others and seeing the elephants and being a born hunter had crawled like me down to look at them. He had not expected to find me there, he said. I do not believe he gave a thought of any sort to me in the presence of these fascinating creatures, and so he got himself trodden on. I suggested to him we should pile the baggage and go and have an elephant hunt.  There were only three fans, the Ajamba and Ingota did not count, and moreover that we had not brought sufficient ammunition owing to the baggage having to be carried, and the ammunition that we had must be saved for other game than elephant, for we might meet war before we met the Remboy River. We had by now joined the rest of the party and were all soon squattering about on our own account in the elephant bath. It was shocking, bad, going like a plowed field exaggerated by a terrific nightmare. It pretty nearly pulled all the legs off me and to this hour I cannot tell you if it is best to put your foot into a footmark, a young pond, I mean, about the size of the bottom of a Madeira work armchair, or whether you should poise yourself on the rim of the same and stride forward to its other bank boldly and hopefully. The footmarks and the places where the elephants had been rolling were by now filled with water, and the mud underneath was in place as hard and slippery. In spite of my determination to preserve an awesome and unmoved calm while among these dangerous savages, I had to give way and laugh explosively to see the poorly powerful pagan suddenly convert himself into a quadruped, while Grey Shirt poised himself on one heel and waved his other leg in the air to advertise to the assembled nations that he was about to sit down was irresistible. No one made such paliver about taking a seat as Grey Shirt I did it repeatedly without any fuss to speak of. That lordly elephant hunter, the great wiki, would, I fancy, have strode over safely and with dignity, but the man who was in front of him spun round on his own axis and flung his arms around the fan and they went to earth together, the heavy load on wiki's back drove them into the mud like a pile-driver. However we got through in time, and after I had got up the other side of the ravine I saw the fan let the ajumba go on and were busy searching themselves for something. I followed the ajumba and before I joined them felt a fearful, pricking irritation. Investigation of the affected part showed a tick of terrific size with its head embedded in the flesh pursuing this interesting subject I found three more and had awfully hard work to get them off and painful, too, for they give one not only a feeling of irritation at their holding on place, but a streak of romantic feeling, pain, up from it. On completing operations I went on and came upon the ajumba in a state more proved of by praxitalies than by the general public nowadays. They had found out about elephant ticks, so I went on and got an excellent start for the next stage. By this time shortly after noon on the first day we had struck into a mountainous and rocky country and also struck a track, a track you had to keep your eye on or you lost it in a minute but still a guide as to direction. The forest trees here were mainly ebony and great hardwood trees with no palms save my old enemy, the climbing palm, kalamus, as usual, going on its long excursions up one tree and down another, bursting into a plume of fronds and in the middle of each plume one long spike sticking straight up, which was an unopened frond, whenever it got a gleam of sunshine running along the ground over anything it needs, rock or fallen timber, all like its long dark colored rope-like stem simply furred with thorns. Immense must be the length of some of these climbing plants, one tree I noticed that day that had hanging from its summit a good one hundred and fifty feet above us a long straight rope-like palm stem. The character of the whole forest was very interesting. Sometimes for hours we passed among thousands upon thousands of grey-wide columns of uniform height about one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet. At the top of these the boughs branched out and interlaced among each other, forming a canopy or ceiling which dimmed the light even of the equatorial sun to such an extent that no undergrowth could thrive in the gloom. The statement of the struggle for existence was published here in plain figures, but it was not, as in our climate, a struggle against climate mainly, but an internecine war from overpopulation. Now and again we passed among vast stems of buttressed trees, sometimes enormous in girth, and from their faraway summits hung great bush ropes, some as straight as plume lines, others coiled round and intertwined among each other, until one could fancy one was looking on some mighty battle between armies of gigantic serpents that had been arrested at its height by some magic spell. All these bush ropes were as bare a foliage as a ship's wire rigging, but a good many had thorns. I was very curious as to how they got up straight, and investigation showed me that many of them were carried up with a growing tree. The only true climbers were the Kalimus and the rubber vine, Landolfia, both of which employ hook tackle. Some stretches of this forest were made up of thin spindly stemmed trees of great height, and among these stretches I always noticed the ruins of some forest giant, whose death by lightning or by his superior height, having given the demoniac tornado wind an extra grip on him, had allowed sunlight to penetrate the lower regions of the forest, and then evidently the seedlings and saplings who had for years been living a half-starved life for light shut up. They seemed to know that there one chance lain getting with the greatest rapidity to the level of the top of the forest. No time to grow fat in the stem, no time to send out side branches or any of those vanities. Up, up to the light level, and he among them who reached it first won in this game of life or death, for when he gets there he spreads out his crown of upper branches and shuts off the life-giving sunshine from his competitors, who pale off and die or remain dragging on an attenuated existence waiting for another chance and waiting sometimes for centuries. There must be tens of thousands of seeds which perish before they get their chance, but the way the seeds of the hardwood-african trees are packed, as it were in case especially made durable, is very wonderful. Indeed the ways of Providence here are wonderful in their strange dual intention to preserve and to destroy, but on the whole as Pyrrhicint truly observes, in Gutterworth Nain-Dacet-Ernit. We saw this influence of light on a larger scale as soon as we reached the open hills and mountains of the Sierra del Cristal and had to pass over those fearful avalanche like timber falls on their steep sides. The worst of these lay between Efova and Igaja, where we struck a part of the range that was exposed to the southeast. These falls had evidently arisen from the tornadoes, which from time to time have hurled down the gigantic trees whose hold on the superficial soil over the sheets of hard bedrock was insufficient in spite of all the anchors they had out in the shape of roots and buttresses, and all their rigging in the shape of bush-ropes. Down they had come, crushing and dragging down with them those near them or bound to them by the great tough climbers. Getting over these falls was perilous not to say scratchy work. One or another member of our party always went through, and precious uncomfortable going it was, I found, when I tried it in one above Igaja, ten or twelve feet of crashing creaking timber, and then flump onto a lot of rotten wet debris with more snakes and centipedes among it than you had any immediate use for, even though you were a collector. But there you had to stay, while wiki, who was a most critical connoisseur, selected from the surrounding forest a bush-rope that he regarded as the correct remedy for the case, and then up you were hauled through the sticks you had turned the wrong way on your down journey. The duke had a bad fall, going twenty feet or so before he found the rubbish heap, while Fika, who went through with a heavy load on his back, took us on one occasion, half an hour to recover, and when we had just got him to the top, and able to cling on to the upper sticks, wiki, who had been super-intending operations, slipped backwards and went through on his own account. The bush-rope we had been hauling on was too worn with a load to use again, and we just hauled wiki out with the first one we could drag down and cut, and wiki, when he came up, said we were reckless and knew nothing of bush-ropes, which shows how ungrateful an African can be. It makes the perspiration run down my nose whenever I think of it. The sun was out that day, we were nearly situated on the equator, and the air was semi-solid, with the stinking exhalations from the swamps with which the mountain chainies fringed and intersected, and we were hot enough without these things because of the violent exertion of getting these twelve to thirteen stone gentlemen up among us again, and the fine varied exercise of getting over the fall on our own account. When we got into the cool forest beyond it was delightful, particularly if it happened to be one of those lovely stretches of forest, gloomy down below, but giving hints that far away above us was a world of bloom and scent and beauty, which we saw as much of as earthworms in a flower bed. Here and there the ground was strewn with great cast blossoms, thick wax-like, glorious cups of orange and crimson and pure white, each one of which was in itself a handful, and which told us that some of the trees around us were showing a glory of color to heaven alone. There were a number of flowers in the forest, and a lot of them were filled among them, were bunches of pure, stephanotus-like flowers which said that the gaunt bush-roaves were rubber vines that had burst into flower when they had seen the sun. These flowers we came across in nearly every type of forest all the way, for rubber abounds here. I will weary you no longer now, with a different kinds of forest, and only tell different names for seven different kinds, and these might, I think, be easily run up to nine. A certain sort of friendship soon arose between the fans and me. We each recognized that we belonged to that same section of the human race, with whom it is better to drink than to fight. We knew we would each have killed the other if sufficient inducement were offered, and so we took a certain amount of care that the inducement should not arise. Gray shirt and pagan also, their trade friends, the fans treated with an independent sort of courtesy. But silence, singlet, the passenger, and above all ingota, they openly did not care a row of pins for. And I have small doubt that had it not been for us, other three they would have killed and eaten these very amiable gentlemen with as much compunction as an English sportsman would kill as many rabbits. They on their part hated the fan, and never lost an opportunity of telling me these fans be bad men too much. I must not forget to mention the other member of our party, a fan gentleman with the manners of a duke, and the habits of a dustbin. He came with us quite uninvited by me and never asked for any pay. I think he only wanted to see the fun, and drop in for a fight if there was one going on and to pick up the pieces generally. He was evidently a man of some importance from the way the others treated him, and more over he had a splendid gun, with a gorilla skin sheath for its lock, and ornamented all over its stock with brass nails.  Whenever we were sitting down in the forest having one of our nondescript meals he always sat next to me and appropriated the tin. Then he would fill his pipe and turning to me with the easy grace of aristocracy would say what may be translated as, my dear princess, could you favour me with a lucifer? I used to say, my dear duke, charmed I am sure, and give him one ready lit. I dared not trust him with a box hole having a personal conviction that he would have kept it. I asked him what he would do, suppose I was not there with a box of lucifers, and he produced a bush cow's horn with a neat wood lid tied on with tie-tie, and from out of it he produced a flint and steel and demonstrated. The first day in the forest we came across a snake, a beauty with a new red-brown and yellow-patterned velvety skin about three feet six inches long and as thick as a man's thigh.  Ngotha, having among his many weaknesses a rooted horror of snakes. This snake, the Ogoha natives all hold in great aversion. For the bite of other sorts of snakes they profess to have remedies, but for this they have none. If however a native is stung by one he usually conceals the fact that it was this particular kind, and tries to get any chance the native doctor's medicine may give. The duke stepped forward and with one blow flattened its head against the tree with his gun-butt, and then folded the snake up and got as much of it as possible into his bag, while the rest hung dangling out. Ngotha, not being able to keep ahead of the duke, his graceous pace being stiff, went to the extreme rear of the party so that other people might be killed first if a snake returned to life as he surmised it would. He fell into other dangers from this caution, but I cannot chronicle Ngotha's afflictions in full without running this book into an old-fashioned folio size. We had the snake for supper, that is to say the fan and I, the others would not touch it, although a good snake, properly cooked, is one of the best meats one gets out here far and away better than the African fowl. The fans also did their best to educate me in every way. They told me their names for things while I told them mine. I found several European words already slightly altered in use among them such as a muck, a lass, a glass, a tumbler. I do not know whether they're amni. A person addressed or spoken of is French or not. It may come from an-wi, an-pong-we for ye, you. They use it as a rule in addressing a person after the phrase they always open up conversation with, azuna, listen, or I am speaking. They also showed me many things. How to light a fire from the pith of a certain tree, which was useful to me in after life, but they rather overdid this branch of instruction one way and another. For example, wiki had as above indicated a mania for bush-robes and a marvelous eye and knowledge of them. He would pick out from among the thousands surrounding us now one of such peculiar suppleness that ye could wind it round anything, like a strip of cloth, and as strong with all as a halser, or again another which has a certain stiffness, combined with a slight elastic spring, excellent for hauling, with the ease and accuracy of a lady who picks out the particular twisted strand of embroidery silk from a multi-coloured tangled ball. He would go into the bush after them while other people were resting, and particularly after the sort which, when split, is bright yellow and very supple and excellent to tie round loads. On one occasion between Egaja and Desun, he came back from one of these quests and wanted me to come and see something very quietly. I went and we crept down into a rocky ravine on the other side of which lay one of the outermost Egaja plantations. When we got to the edge of the cleared ground we lay down and wormed our way with elaborate caution among a patch of cocoa. Wiki first, I following in his trail. After about fifty yards of this Wiki sank flat, and I saw before me some thirty yards off busily employed in pulling down plantains and other depredations, five gorillas, one old male, one young male, and three females. One of these had clinging to her a young fellow with beautiful wavy black hair with just a kink in it. The big male was crouching on his haunches, with his long arms hanging down on either side with the backs of his hands on the ground, the palms, upwards. The elder lady was tearing to pieces and eating a pineapple, while the others were at the plantains destroying more than they ate. They kept up a sort of a whinnying, chattering noise, quite different from the sound I have heard gorillas give when enraged, or from the one you can hear them giving when they are what the natives call dancing at night. I noticed that their reach of arm was immense, and that when they went from one tree to another they squattered across the open ground in a most inelegant style, dragging their long arms with the knuckles downwards. I should think the big male and female were over six feet each. The others would be from four to five. I put out my hand and laid it on Wiki's gun to prevent him from firing, and he, thinking I was going to fire, gripped my wrist. I watched the gorillas with great interest for a few seconds, until I heard Wiki make a peculiar small sound, and looking at him, saw his face was working in an awful way as he clutched his throat with his hand violently. Heavens, think I, this gentleman's going to have a fit. It's lost. We are entirely this time. He rolled his head to and fro, and then buried his face into a heap of dried rubbish at the foot of a plantain stem, clasped his hands over it, and gave an explosive sneeze. The gorillas let go all, raised themselves up for a second, gave a quaint sound between a bark and a howl, and then the ladies and the young gentlemen started home. The old male rose to his full height. It struck me at the time this was a matter of ten feet at least, but for scientific purposes allowance must be made for a lady's emotions, and looked straight towards us or rather towards where that sound came from. Wiki went off into a paroxysm of falsetto sneezes, the like of which I have never heard, nor evidently had the gorilla, who doubtless thinking as one of his black correlatives would have thought that the phenomenon-favorite Dupi went off after his family with a celerity that was amazing the moment he touched the forest and disappeared as they had, swinging himself along through it from bow to bow, in a way that convinced me that, given the necessity of getting about in tropical forests, man has made a mistake in getting his arms shortened. I have seen many wild animals in their native wilds, but never have I seen anything to equal gorillas going through bush. It is a graceful, powerful, superbly perfect, hand-trapeze performance. After this sporting adventure we returned, as I usually return from a sporting adventure without measurements or the body. Our first day's march, though the longest, was the easiest, though, providentially, I did not know this at the time. From my warm and road walks I judged it was well twenty-five miles. It was easiest, however, from its lying for the greater part of the way through the gloomy type of forest. All day long we never saw the sky once. The earlier part of the day we were steadily going uphill, here and there making a small descent, and then up again until we came on to what was apparently a long ridge, for on either side of us we could look down into deep, dark, ravine-like valleys. After thrice we descended into these to cross them, finding at their bottom a small or large swamp with a river running through its midst. Those rivers all went to Lake Isingo. We had to hurry, because Kiva, who was the only one among us who had been to Ifua, said that unless we did we should not reach Ifua that night. I said, why not stay for bush, not having contracted any love for a night in a fan town by the experience of Ampheta. Moreover, the fans were not sure that after all the whole party of us might not spend the evening at Ifua, when we did get there simmering in its cooking-pots. In Gota, I may remark, had no doubt on the subject at all and regretted having left Mrs. N. Keenley and the Andande store sincerely. But these fans are a fine sporting tribe, and allowed they would risk it, besides they were almost certain they had friends at Ifua, and in addition they showed me trees scratched in a way that was magnification of the condition of my own cat's pet table-leg at home, demonstrating leopards in the vicinity. I kept going as it was my only chance, because I found I stiffened if I sat down, and they always carefully told me the direction to go in when they sat down. To their superior pace they soon caught me up, and then passed me, leaving me and in Gota, and sometimes singlet and pagan behind, we in our turn overtaking them with this difference that they were sitting down when we did so. About five o'clock I was off ahead and noticed a path which I had been told I should meet with, and when met with I must follow. The path was slightly indistinct, but by keeping my eye on it I could see it. Suddenly I came to a place where it went out, but appeared again on the other side of a clump of underbush fairly distinctly. I made a shortcut for it, and the next news was I was in a heap, on a lot of spikes, some fifteen feet or so below ground level, at the bottom of a bag-shaped game-pit. It is at these times you realize the blessing of a good thick skirt. When I paid heed to the advice of many people in England who ought to have known better, and did not do it themselves, and adopted masculine garments, I should have been spiked to the bone and done for. Whereas, say for a good many bruises, here I was with a fullness of my skirt tucked under me, sitting on nine ebony spikes, some twelve inches long in comparative comfort, howling lustily to be hauled out. The dupe came along first and looked down at me. I said, Get a bush-rope and haul me out. He grunted and sat down on a log. The passenger came next, and he looked down. You, kill, says he. Not much, says I. Get a bush-rope and haul me out. No fit, says he, and sat down on the log. Suddenly however, Kiva and Wiki came up and Wiki went, and selected the one and only bush-rope, suitable to haul an English lady, of my exact complexion, age, and size, out of that one particular pit. They seemed rare around there from the time you took, and I was just casting about in my mind as to what method would be best to employ in getting up the smooth yellow sandy clay incurved walls. Then he arrived with it, and I was out in a twinkling, and very much ashamed of myself, until silence, who was then leading, disappeared through the path before us, with a despairing yell. Each man then pulled the skin cover of his gun-lock, carefully looked to see if things there were all right, and ready, loosened his knife in its snake-skin sheath, and then we set about hauling poor silence out, binding him up where necessary, with cool green leaves, for he, not having a skirt, had got a good deal frayed at the edges on those spikes. Then we closed up, for the fens, said these pits, were symptomatic of the immediate neighborhood of Efowa. We sounded our ground as we went into a thick-plantain patch, through which we could see a great clearing in the forest, and the low huts of a big town. We charged into it, going right through the guard-house gateway, at one end in single file, as its narrowness obliged us, and into the street-shaped town, and formed ourselves into as imposing a looking party as possible in the center of the street. The Efowareans regarded us with much amazement, and the women and children cleared off into the huts, and took stock of us through the door-holes. There were but few men in the town, the majority we subsequently learned being away after elephants, but there were quite sufficient left to make a crowd in a ring round us. Fortunately, Wikki and Kivas friends were present, and as a result of the confabulation, one of the chiefs had his house cleared out for me.  The inner room contained nothing, save a hard plank, raised on four short pegs from the earth-floor. End of Part 1 of Chapter 8, from in COVID to Essoon, read by Kehinde, of Bahatrack.com. Part 2 of Chapter 8, from in COVID to Essoon, of travels in West Africa. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Travels in West Africa by Mary H. Kingsley. Part 2 of Chapter 8, from in COVID to Essoon. I shook hands with and thanked the chief, and directed that all the loads should be placed inside the huts. I must admit my good friend was a villainous looking savage, but he behaved most hospitably and kindly. From what I had heard of the fan, I deemed it advisable not to make any present to him at once, but to base my claim on him, on the right of an amicable stranger, to hospitality. When I had seen all the baggage stowed, I went outside and sat at the doorway on a rather rickety, mushroom-shaped stool, in the cool evening air, waiting for my tea, which I wanted bitterly. Everyone came up as usual for tobacco to buy chop with, and after giving it to him, I and the two chiefs, with grey shirt acting as interpreter, had a long chat. Of course the first question was, why was I there? I told them I was on my way to the factory of H. N. C. on the Remboy. They said they had heard of U'gumu, i.e. M. Hatton in Cookson, but they did not trade direct with them, passing their trade into towns nearer to the Remboy, which were swindling bad towns, they said, and they got the idea, stuck in their heads, that I was a trader, a sort of bagman for the firm, and grey shirt could not get this idea out. So off one of their majesties went and returned with twenty-five balls of rubber, which I bought to promote good feeling, subsequently dashing them to Wiki, who passed them in at Ndorko when we got there. I also bought some elephant hair necklaces from one of the chiefs' wives by exchanging my red silk tie with her for them, and one or two other things. I saw fish hooks would not be of much value because Efo'ua was not near a big water of any sort, so I held fish hooks and traded handkerchiefs and knives.  However the old gentleman was not to be put off, and after an unsuccessful attempt to sell me his cooking pots, which were roughly made out of clay, he made energetic signs to me that if I would wait he had got something that he would dispose of, which a grey shirt said was good too much. Off he went across the street and disappeared into his hut, where he evidently had a thorough hunt for the precious article. One box after another was brought out to the light of a bush torch held by one of his wives, and there was a great confabulation between him and his family of the, I am sure you had it last, you must have moved it, never touched the thing, sort. At last it was found, and he brought it across the street to me most carefully. It was a bundle of bark cloth tied round something most carefully with tie-tie. This being removed, disclosed a layer of rag which was unwound from round a central article. Whatever can this be, thinks I, some rare and valuable object doubtless, let's hope connected with fetish worship, and I anxiously watched its unpacking in the end, however, it disclosed, to my disgust and rage, an old shilling razor. The way the old chief held it out, and the amount of dollars he asked for it was enough to make anyone believe that I was in such urgent need of the thing, that I was at his mercy regarding price. I waved it off with a haughty scorn, and then feeling smitten by the expression of agonized bewilderment on his face, I dashed him a belt that delighted him, and went inside and had tea to soothe my outraged feelings. The chiefs made furious raids on the mob of spectators who pressed round the door, and stood with their eyes glued to every crack in the bark of which the hut was made. The next door-neighbours on either side might have amassed a comfortable competence for their old age by letting out seats for the circus. Every hole in the side walls had a human eye in it, and I heard new holes being bored in all directions, so I deeply feared the chief, my host, must have found his palace sadly draughty. I felt perfectly safe and content, however, although Ingotta suggested the charming idea that, perhaps them feta fan don so we. As soon as all my men had come in and established themselves in the inner room for the night, I curled up among the boxes with my head on the tobacco sack and dozed. After about half an hour I heard a row in the street and looking out, for I recognized his graces voice taking a solo part followed by choruses. I found him in legal difficulties about a murder case. An alibi was proved for the time being, that is to say, the prosecution could not bring up witnesses because of the elephant hunt, and I went in for another dose, and the town at last grew quiet.  Knocking the ash end off the smoldering bush-light that lay burning on the floor, I investigated and tracked it to those bags, so I took down the biggest one and carefully noted exactly how the tie-tie had been put round its mouth, for these things are important and often mean a lot. I then shook its contents out in my hat for fear of losing anything of value.  The hand was fresh, the other's only so-so, and shriveled. Replacing them I tied the bag up and hung it up again. I subsequently learned that although the fans will eat their fellow friendly tropesfolk yet they like to keep a little something belonging to them as a memento. This touching trait in their character I learned from Wiki, and though it's to their credit under their circumstances still it's an unpleasant practice when they hang the remains in the bedroom you occupy, particularly if the bereavement in your host's family has been recent. I did not venture to prowl round Ifua, but slid the bark door side and looked out to get a breath of fresh air. It was a perfect night and no mosquitoes. The town, walled in on every side by the great cliff of high black forest, looked very wild as it showed in the starlight. Its low savage-built bark huts, in two hard rows, closed at either side by a guard house. In both guard houses there was a fire burning, and in their flickering glow showed the forms of sleeping men. Nothing was moving save the goats, which are always brought into the special house for them in the middle of the town, to keep them from the leopards which roam from dusk to dawn. Dawn found us stirring, I getting my tea and the rest of the party their chop, and binding up anew the loads with wiki's fresh supple bush-ropes. Kiva amused me much. During our march his costume was exceeding scant, but when we reached the towns he took from his bag garments, and attired himself so resplendently that I feared the charm of his appearance would lead me into one of those dreadful wife-palavours which experience had taught me of old dread, and in the morning time he always devoted some time to repacking. I gave a big dash to both chiefs, and they came out with us, most civilly, to the end of their first plantations, and then we took farewell of each other, with many expressions of hope on both sides, that we should meet again, and many warnings from them about the dissolute and depraved character of the other towns we should pass through before we reached the Remboy. For a second day's march was infinitely worse than the first, for it lay along a series of abruptly shaped hills with deep ravines between them. Each ravine had its swamp and each swamp its river. This bit of country must be absolutely impassable for any human being, black or white, except during the dry season. There were representatives of the three chief forms of the West African bog. The large deep swamps were best to deal with, because they make a break in the forest, and the sun can come down on their surface, and bake a crust over which you can go, if you go quickly. From experience in Devonian bogs, I knew Pace was our best chance, and I fancy I earned one of my nicknames among the fans on these. The fans went across all right with a rapid striding glide, but the other men erred from excess of caution, and while hesitating as to where was the next safe place to plant their feet, the place that they were standing on went in with a glug. Moreover, they would keep together, which was more than the crust would stand. The portley pagan and the passenger gave us a fine job in one bog by sinking in close together. Some of us slashed off boughs of trees and tore off handfuls of hard canya leaves, while others threw them round the sinking victims to form a sort of raft, and then with the aid of bush-rope, of course, they were hauled out. The worst sort of swamp and the most frequent hereabouts is the deep narrow one that has no crust on, because it is too much shaded by the forest. The slopes of the ravines, too, are usually covered with an undergrowth of shenja, beautiful beyond description, but right bad to go through. I soon learned to dread seeing the man in front going down hill, or to find myself doing so, for it meant that within the next half hour we should be battling through a patch of senja. I believe there are few effects that can compare with the beauty of them, with the golden sunlight coming down through the upper forests' branches onto their exquisitely shaped, hard, dark green leaves, making them look as if they were sprinkled with golden sequins. Their long green stalks, which support the leaves and bear little bunches of crimson berries, take every graceful curve imaginable, and the whole affair is free from insects, and when you have said this, you have said all there is to say in favour of senja. For those long green stalks of theirs are as tough as twisted wire, and the graceful curves go to the making of a net, which rises round you shoulder high, and the hard green leaves when lying on the ground are fearfully slippery. It is not nice going down through them, particularly when nature is so arranged, that the edge of the bank you are descending is a rock wall ten or twelve feet high, with a swamp of unknown depth at its foot. This arrangement was very frequent, on the second and third days' marches, and into these swamps the senja seemed to want to send you head first and get you suffocated. It is still less pleasant, however, going up the other side of the ravine when you have got through your swamp. You have to fight your way upwards among rough rocks, through this hard, tough network of stems, and it took it out of all of us except the fans. This narrow shaded swamps gave us a world of trouble and took up a good deal of time. Sometimes the leader of the party would make three or four attempts before he found a fort, going on until the black, batter-like ooze came up round his neck and then turning back and trying in another place, while the rest of the parties sat upon the bank until the fort was found, feeling it was unnecessary to throw away human life, and that the more men there were paddling about in that swamp, the more chance there was that a hole in the bottom of it would be found, and when a hole is found, the discoverer is liable to leave his bones in it. If I happen to be in front the duty of finding the fort fell on me, for none of us after leaving a foie knew the swamps personally. I was too frightened of the fan and too nervous and uncertain of the stuff my other men were made of to dare show the white feather at anything that turned up. The fan took my conduct, as a matter of course never having travelled with white men before, or learnt the way some of them require carrying over swamps and rivers and so on. I daresay I might have taken things easier, but I was like the immortal Schmelzel, during that omnibus journey he made on his way to Flats, in the thunderstorm, afraid to be afraid. I am very certain I should have fared very differently had I entered a region occupied by a powerful and ferocious tribe like the fan, from some districts on the west coast, where the inhabitants are used to find the white men incapable of personal exertion requiring to be carried in a hammock or wheeled in a go-cart or a bath-chair about the streets of their coast towns, depending for the defence of their settlement on a body of black soldiers. This is not so in Congo, Francaise, and I had behind me the prestige of a set of white men to whom, for the native, to say, You shall not do such and such a thing, you shall not go to such and such a place, would mean that those things would be done. I soon found the name of Hatton and Cookson's agent general for this district, Mr. Hudson, was one to conjure with among the trading tribes, and the Ajumba, moreover, although their knowledge of white men had been small, yet those they had been accustomed to see were fine specimens. Mr. Fildes, Mr. Cockshut, M. Chacote, Dr. Pilesier, Pierre Lejeunis, M. Cocon, Mr. Whittaker, and that vivacious French official were not men any man, black or white, would willingly ruffle, and in addition there was a memory among the black traders of that white man, Mac Taggart, whom an enterprising trading tribe near Fernand Vaz had had the hardy hood to tackle, shooting him and then towing him behind a canoe and slashing him all over with their knives, the wild yet he survived, and tackle them again in a way that must almost pathetically have astonished those simple savages after the real good work they had put in to the killing of him. Of course it was hard to live up to these ideals, and I do not pretend to have succeeded, or rather that I should have succeeded had the real strain been put on me. But to return to that gorilla-land forest, all the rivers we crossed on the first, second, and third day I was told went into one or other of the branches of the Ogoe, showing that the long slope of land between the Ogoe and the Remboe is towards the Ogoe. The stone of which the mountains were composed was that same hard black rock that I had found on the Sierra del Cristal by the Ogoe rapids, only hereabouts there was not amongst it those great masses of white quartz, which are so prominent a feature from talaguga upwards in the Ogoe Valley. Neither were the mountains anything like so high, but they had the same abruptness of shape. They look like very old parts of the same range, worn down to stumps by the disintegrating forces of the torrential rain and sun and the dense forest growing on them. Frost, of course, they had not been subject to, but rocks, I noticed, were often being somewhat similarly split by rootlets having got into some tiny crevice and by gradual growth enlarged it to a crack. Of our troubles among the timber falls on these mountains I have already spoken, and these were at their worst between Efuwa and Egaja. I had suffered a good deal from thirst that day, unboiled water being my Ibet, and we were all very nearly tired out with the athletic sports since leaving Efuwa. One thing only we knew about Egaja, for sure, and that was that not one of us had a friend there, and that it was a town of extra evil repute, so we were not feeling very cheerful. When towards evening time we struck its outermost plantations, their immediate vicinity being announced to us by silence, treading full and fair on to a sharp ebony spike driven into the narrow path and hurting himself. Fortunately after we passed this first plantation we came upon a camp of rubber collectors for young men. I got one of them to carry silences load and show us the way into the town when on we went into more plantations. There is nothing more tiresome than finding your path going into a plantation, because it fades out in the cleared ground or starts playing games with a lot of other little paths that are running about amongst the crops, and no West African path goes straight into a stream or a plantation and straight out the other side, so you have a nice time picking it up again. We were spared a good deal of fine, varied walking by our new friend the rubber collector, for I noticed he led us out by a path nearly at right angles to the one by which we had entered. He then pitched into a pit which was half full of thorns, and which he observed he did not know was there, demonstrating that an African guide can speak the truth. When he had got out he handed back silences load and got a dash of tobacco for his help. He left us to devote the rest of his evening by his forest fire to unthorning himself, while we proceeded to wade a swift, deepish river that crossed the path he told us led to Agaja, and then went across another bit of forest and downhill again. Oh, bless those swamps! Thought I, here's another. But no, not this time. Across the bottom of the steep ravine from one side to another lay an enormous tree as a bridge about fifteen feet above a river, which rushed beneath it, over a boulder encumbered a bed. I took in the situation at a glance, and then and there I would have changed that bridge for any swamp I have ever seen. Yay, even for a certain bush-rope bridge in which I once wound myself up like a buzzing fly in a spider's web. I was fearfully tired, and my legs shivered under, me after the falls and emotions of the previous part of the day, and my boots were slippery with water soaking. The fans went into the river, and half swam, half waded across. All the Ajumba, save Pagan, followed, and Ingota got across with their assistance. Pagan thought he would try the bridge, and I thought I would watch how the thing worked. He got about three yards along it and then slipped, but caught the tree with his hands as he fell, and hauled himself back to my side again. Then he went down the bank and through the water. This was not calculated to improve one's nerve. I knew by now I had got to go by the bridge, for I saw I was not strong enough in my tired state to fight the water. If only the wretched thing had had its bark on it would have been better, but it was bare, bald, and round, and a slip meant death on the rocks below. I rushed it and reached the other side in safety, whereby poor Pagan got chafed about his failure by the others, who said they had gone through the water just to wash their feet. The other side when we got there did not seem much worth reaching, being a swampy fringe at the bottom of a steep hillside, and after a few yards the path turned into a stream or backwater of the river. It was hedged with thickly-bleached bushes, and covered with liquid water on the top of semi-liquid mud. Nouned again for a change you had a foot of water on top of fearfully slippery, harder mud, and then we light-heartedly took headers into the bush, sideways or sat down, and when it was not proceeding on the evil tenor of its way, like this it had holes in it. In fact, I fancy the bottom of the holes were the true level, for it came near being as full of holes as a fishing net, and it was very quaint to see the man in front who had been paddling along knee-dip before, now plop down with the water round his shoulders and getting out of these slippery pockets, which were sometimes a tight fit, was difficult. However, that is the path you have got to go by if you're not wise enough to stop at home, the little bay of shrub overgrown swamp fringing the river on one side and on the other running up to the mountain side. At last we came to a sandy bank, and on that bank stood Igaja, the town with an evil name even among the fan, but where we had got to stay, fair or foul. We went into it through its pall of her house and soon had the usual row. I had detected signs of trouble among my men during the whole day. The Ajumba were tired and dissatisfied with the fans. The fans were in high feather, openly insolent in Gota, and anxious for me to stay in this delightful locality and go hunting with them and divers other choice spirits, which they assured me we could easily get to join us at Ifoa. I kept peace as well as I could, explaining to the fans I had not enough money with me now, because I had not, when starting, expected such magnificent opportunities to be placed at my disposal, and promising to come back next year, a promise I hoped to keep, and then we would go and have a grand time of it. This state of a party was a dangerous one in which to enter a strange fan town, where our security lay in our being united. When the first burst of Igaja conversation began to boil down into something reasonable, I found that a villainous looking scoundrel smeared with suit and draped in a fragment of genuine antique cloth was a head chief in mourning. He placed a house at my disposal, quite a mansion, for it had no less than four apartments. The first one was almost entirely occupied by a bedstead frame that was being made up inside on account of the small size of the door. This had to be removed before we could get in with a baggage at all. While this removal was being affected with as much damage to the house and the article as if it were a quarter day of fair in England, the other chief arrived. He had been sent for being away down the river fishing when we arrived. I sought once he was a very superior man to any of the chiefs I had yet met with. It was not his attire, remarkable though that was, for the district, for it consisted of a gentleman's black frock coat, such as is given in the ivory bundle, a bright blue felt sombrero hat, an ample cloth of Boma check, but his face and general bearing were distinctive and very powerful and intelligent, and I knew that Igaja, for good or bad, owed its name to this man and not to the mere, sensual, brutal looking one. He was exceedingly courteous, ordering his people to bring me a stool and one for himself, and then a fly-wisk to battle with the evening cloud of sand-flies. I got Pagan to come and act as interpreter, while the rest were stowing the baggage, etc. After compliments, tell the chief I said that I hear this town of his is Thief Town. Better not, Sa, says Pagan.  So Pagan did. It was a sad blow to the chief. Thief Town, this highly respectable town of Igaja, a town whose moral conduct in all matters, Shadul, was an example to all towns called a Thief Town.  I said it was, but I would reserve my opinion as to whether Igaja was a part of the wicked world or a star-like exception, until I had experienced it myself. We then discoursed on many matters, and I got a great deal of interesting fetish information out of the chief, which was valuable to me, because the whole of this district had not been in contact with white culture, and altogether I and the chief became great friends.  I am ashamed to say I came very near being sympathetically sick in the African manner on the spot. I felt I could not attend to it and have my tea afterwards, so I directed one of the canoe-shaped little tubs used for beating up the Minoacan to be brought and filled with hot water, and then putting into it a heavy dose of condies fluid, I made her sit down and lay the whole arm in it and went and had my tea. As soon as I had done I went outside and getting some of the many surrounding ladies to hold bushlights, I examined the case. The whole hand was a mass of yellow pus, streaked with sanies, large ulcers are burrowing into the forearm while in the armpit was a big abscess. I opened the abscess at once, and then the old lady frightened me nearly out of my wits by gently subsiding. I thought dying, but I soon found out merely going to sleep. I then washed the abscess well out and having got a lot of big plantains. I made a big poultice of them mixed with boiling water and more condy in the tub, and laid her arm right in this, and propping her up all round and covering her over with cloths I requisitioned from her son. I left her to have her nap while I went into the history of the case, which was that sum of forty-eight hours ago. She had been wading along the bank catching crawfish, and had been stung by a fish like a snake. So I presumed the ulcers were an old standing paliver. The hand had been a good deal torn by the creature, and the pain and swelling had been so great she had not had a minute's sleep since. As soon as the poultice got chilled, I took her arm out and cleaned it again, and wound it round with dressing, and had her ladyship carried bodily, still asleep into her hut, and after rousing her up, giving her a dose of that fine preparation, pale crotonis com hydrology, saw her tucked up on her own plank, bedstead for the night, sounded sleep again. The chief was very anxious to have some pills too, so I gave him some, with firm injunctions, only to take one at the first time. I knew that that one would teach him not to take more than one for ever after, better than I could do if I talked from June to January. Then all the afflicted Avigazha turned up and wanted medical advice. There was evidently a good stiff epidemic of the yaws about.  Ulcers, of course, galore. A manually bit of a broken spearhead in an abscess in the thigh, one which I believe a professional enthusiast would call a lovely case. A philaria, the entire wide of one eye being full of the active little worms, and a ridge of surplus population migrating across the bridge of the nose into the other eye, under the skin looking like the bridge of a pair of spectacles. It was past eleven before I had anything like done, and my men had long been sound asleep, but the chief had conscientiously sat up and seen the thing through. He then went and fetched some rolls of bark cloth to put on my plank, and I gave him a handsome cloth I happened to have with me, a couple of knives and some heads of tobacco and wished him good night, blockading my bark door and picking my way over my sleeping ajumba into an inner apartment which I also blockaded, hoping I had done with Igazha for some hours. No such thing. At one forty-five the whole town was roused by the frantic yells of a woman. I judged there was one of my beauties of fans mixed up in it and there was, and after paying damages got back again by two thirty a.m. and off to sleep again instantly. At four sharp whole town of Igazha plunged into emotion and worse, shindy. I suggested to the ajumba they should go out, but no. They didn't carry a row of pins if one of our fans did get killed, so I went, recognizing Kiva's voice in high expostulation. Kiva, it seems, a long time ago, had a transaction in a ray, a tooth of ivory with a man who unfortunately happened to be in this town to-night, and Kiva owed the said man a coat. Kiva, it seems, has been spending the whole evening demonstrating to his creditor that had he only known they were to meet he would have brought the coat with him, a particularly beautiful coat, and the reason he has not paid it before is that he has mislaid the creditor's address. The creditor says he has called repeatedly at Kiva's village, that notorious infeta, and Kiva has never been at home, and moreover, that Kiva's wife, one of them, stole a yellow dog of great value from his, the creditor's canoe.  The creditor had not gone to sleep, but sat up thinking the affair over and remembered many cases, all cited in full of how Kiva had failed to meet his debts, also Kiva's brother on the mother's side and uncle Ditto, and so has decided to foreclose forthwith on the debtor's estate, and as the estate is represented by and consists of Kiva's person, to take and seize upon it and eat it. It is always highly interesting to observe the germ of any of our own institutions existing in the culture of a lower race. Nevertheless it is trying to be hauled out of one's sleep in the middle of the night and plunged into this study. Evidently this was a trace of an early form of the bankruptcy court, the court which clears a man of his debt being here represented by the knife in the cooking pot, the whitewashing as I believe it is termed with us, also shows only it is not the debtor who is whitewashed, but the creditor is doing themselves over with white clay to celebrate the removal of their enemy from his sphere of meretricious activity. This inversion may arise from the fact that whitewashing a creditor who was about to be cooked would be unwise as the stuff would boil off the bits and spoil the gravy. There is always some fragment of sound sense underlying African institutions. Kiva was, when I got out tied up, talking nineteen to the dozen and so was everyone else, and a lady was working up white clay in a pot. I daresay I ought to have rushed at him and cut his bonds and killed people in a general way with a revolver, and then flown with my band to the bush. Only my band evidently had no flying in them, being tucked up in the hut pretending to be asleep, and uninterested in the affair, and although I could have abandoned the band without a pang, just then I could not so lightheartedly fly alone with Kiva to the bush and leave my fishes. So I shouted Azuna to the bankruptcy court and got a fan who spoke trade English to come and interpret for me, and from him I learned the above-stated outline for the proceedings up to the time. Regarding the original Iniquity of Kiva, my other fans held the opinion that the old scotch lady had regarding certain passages in the history of the early Jews, that it was a long time ago, and ablans it was no true. Fortunately for the reader it is impossible for me to give in full detail the proceeding of the court. I do not think if the whole of Mr. Pittman's school of shorthand had been there to take them down, the thing could possibly have been done in word-writing. If the late Richard Wagner, however, had been present, he could have scored the performance for a full orchestra, and with all its weird grunts and roars and pistol-like finger-clicks, and its elongated words into thigh-slaps, it would have been a masterpiece. I got my friend the chief on my side, but he explained he had no jurisdiction as neither of the men belonged to his town, and I explained to him that as the proceedings were taking place in his town he had a right of jurisdiction, ipso facto. The fan could not translate this phrase, so we gave it the chief raw, and he seemed to relish it, and he and I then cut into the affair together. I looking at him with admiration and approval when he was saying his say, and after his azuna, had produced a patch of silence he could move his tongue in, and he similarly regarding me during my speech for the defense. We neither I expect understood each other, and we had trouble with our client, who would keep pleading not guilty, which was absurd. Anyhow it produced our effect, my success arising from my concluding my speech, with the announcement that I would give the creditor a book on Hatten and Cookson for the coat, and I would deduct it from Kiva's pay.  This was a blow to me. Hatten and Cookson was my big juju, and it was to their sub-factory on the Remboy that I was bound. On inquiry I elicited another cheerful little fact, which was they could not deal with Hatten and Cookson because there was blood war on the path that way. The court said they would take a book on Holti, but with Holti, i.e. Mr. John Holt, I had no deposit of money, and I did not feel justified in issuing checks on him, knowing also he could not feel amiable towards wandering scientists after what he had recently gone through with one. Not that I doubt for one minute, but that his representatives would have honoured my book, for the generosity and helpfulness of West African traders is unbounded and long suffering. But I did not like to encroach on it, all the more so from a feeling that I might never get through to refund the money. So at last I pay the equivalent value of the coat out of my own trade stuff, and the affair was regarded by all parties as satisfactorily closed by the time the grey dawn was coming up over the forest wall. I went in again and slept in snatches until I got my tea about seven and then turned out to hurry my band out of Igaja. This I did not succeed in doing until past ten. One row succeeded another with my men, but I was determined to get them out of that town as quickly as possible, for I had heard so much from perfectly reliable and experienced people regarding the treacherousness of the fan. I feared too that more cases still would be brought up against Kiva, from the regime of his criminal career I had had last night, and I knew it was very doubtful whether my other three fans were any better than he. There was his Grace's little murder affair only languishing for want of evidence owing to the witnesses for the prosecution being out elephant hunting, not very far away, and Wiki was pleading an alibi, and a twin brother in a bad wife paliver in this town. I really hope for the sake of fan morals at large that I did engage the three worst villains in Infeta, and that Infeta is the worst town in all fan land, inconvenient as this arrangement was to me personally. Anyhow I felt sure my Papenheimers would take a lot of beating for good solid crime, among any tribe anywhere. Moreover the Ajumba wanted meat, and the fans they said offered them human. I saw no human meat at Edgaja, but the Ajumba seemed to think the fans eat nothing else, which is a silly prejudice of theirs because the fans do. I think this case the Ajumba thought a lot of smoked flesh offered was human. It may have been, it was in neat pieces, and again as the captain of the late SS Sparrow would say, it may not. But the Ajumba have a horror of cannibalism, and I honestly believe never practice it, even for fetish affairs, which is a rare thing in a West African tribe where sacrificial and ceremonial cannibalism is nearly universal. Anyhow the Ajumba loudly declared the fans were bad men too much, which was impolitic under existing circumstances, and inexcusable because it by no means arose from a courageous defiance of them, but the West African.  The chief was very anxious for me to stay and rest, but as his mother was doing wonderfully well, and the other women seemed quite to understand my directions regarding her, I did not feel inclined to risk it. The old lady's farewell of me was peculiar. She took my hand in her too, turned it palm upwards and spat on it. I do not know whether this is a constant form of greeting among the fan. I fancy not. Dr. Nassau, who explained it to me when I saw him again at Baraka, said the spitting was merely an accidental by-product of the performance, which consisted in blowing a blessing, and as I happened on this custom twice afterwards, I feel sure from observation he is right. The two chiefs saw us courteously out of the town, as far as where the river crosses the outgoing path again, and the blue- hated one gave me some charms to keep my foot in path, and the mourning chief lent us his son to see us through the lines of fortification of the plantation. I gave them an equal dash, and in answer to their question as to whether I had found Igaja a thief-town, I said that to call Igaja a thief-town was rank perjury, for I had not lost a thing while in it, and we parted with mutual expression of esteem and hopes for another meeting at an early date. The defences of the fine series of plantations of Igaja on this side were most intricate. To judge from the zig-zag course, our guide led us through them. He explained they had to be because of the character of the towns towards the Remboe. After listening to this young man, I really began to doubt that the cities of the plain had really been destroyed, and wondered whether some future revision committee will not put transported for destroyed. This young man certainly hit off the character of Sodom and Gomorrah to the life in describing the towns towards the Remboe, though he had never heard of Sodom and Gomorrah named. He assured me I should see the difference between them and Igaja the good, and I thanked him and gave him his dash when we parted, but told him as a friend I feared some alteration must take place, and some time elapsed before he saw a regular rush of pilgrim worshippers of virtue coming into even Igaja the good, though it stood just as good a chance and better than most towns I had seen in Africa. We went on into the gloom of the great forest again, that forest that seemed to me without end, wherein in a lazy hazy-minded sort of way I expected to wander through by day and drop in at night to a noisy savage town for the rest of my days. We climbed up one hill, skirted its summit, went through our athletic sports over sundry timber falls, and struck down into the ravine as usual. But at the bottom of that ravine which was exceeding steep, ran a little river free from swamp. As I was waiting it I noticed it had a peculiarity that distinguished it from all the other rivers we had come through, and then and there I sat down in a boulder in its midst and hauled out my compass. Yes, by Allah! it's going north-west and bound as we are for Remboy River. I went out the other side of that river with a lighter heart than I went in and shouted the news to the boys, and they yelled and sang as we went on our way. All along this bit of country we had seen quantities of rubber vines, and between a gaja and a sun, we came across quantities of rubber being collected. Evidently there was a big camp of rubber hunters out in the district, very busy. Wiki and Kiva did their best to teach me the trade. Along each side of the path we frequently saw a ring of stout bush-rope raised from the earth on pegs about a foot to eighteen inches. On the ground in the middle stood a kalabash into which the ends of the pieces of rubber vine were placed, the other ends being supported by the bush-rope ring. Roundly outside of some of these rings was a slow fire, which just singes the tops of the bits of rubber vine as they project over the collar or ring, and causes the milky juice to run out of the lower end into the kalabash, giving out as it does so a strong ammoniacal smell. When the fire was alighted there would be a group of rubber collectors sitting around it watching the cooking operations, removing those pieces that had run dry and placing others from a pilot their side in position. On either side of the path we continually passed pieces of rubber vine cut into lengths of some two feet or so, and on the top one or two leaves plated together, or a piece of bush-rope tied into a knot which indicated whose property the pile was. The method of collection employed by the fan is exceedingly wasteful, because this fool of a vegetable, Landolfia Florida, overriances does not know how to send up suckers from its root but insists on starting elaborately from seeds only. I do not however see any reasonable hope of getting them to adopt more economical methods. The attempt made by the English houses when the rubber trade was opened up in 1883 on the Gold Coast to get the more tractable natives there to collect by incisions only has failed. For in the early days a man could get a load of rubber almost at his own door on the Gold Coast, and now he has to go fifteen days journey inland for it. When a fan-town has exhausted the rubber in its vicinity it migrates, bag and baggage to a new part of the forest. The young unmarried men are the usual rubber hunters. Parties of them go out into the forest, wandering about in it, and camping under shelters of boughs by night. For a month and more at a time, during the dry seasons until they have got a sufficient quantity together, then they return to their town, and it is manipulated by the women and finally sold, either to the white trader in districts where he is within reach, or to the Impongwe trader who travels around buying it and the collected ivory and ebony, like a Norfolk higgler. In districts like these I was in, remote from the Impongwe trader, the fans carry the rubber to the town nearest to them that is in contact with the black trader and sell it to the inhabitants who in their turn resell it to their next town until it reaches him. This passing down of the rubber and ivory keeps rise between the various towns to a series of commercial complications, which rank with woman, paliver, for the production of rouse, it being the sweet habit of these fans, to require a life for a life and to regard one life as good as another. Also rubber trade and wife paliver sweetly intertwine. For a man on the kill, in Ray, a wife paliver knows his best chance of getting the life from the village he has a grudge against, lies in catching one of that village's men when he may be out alone rubber hunting. So he does this thing, and then the men from the victim's village go and lay for a rubber hunter from the killer's village, and then of course the men from the killer's village go and lay for rubber hunters from victim number one's village, and thus the blood feud rolls down the vaulted chambers of the ages, so that you, dropping in on affairs, cannot see one end or the other of it, and frequently the people concerned have quite forgotten what the killing was started for. Not that this discourages them in the least. Really if Dr. Nassau is right and these fans are descendants of Adam and Eve, I expect the Cain and Abel killing paliver is still kept going among them. Wiki, being great on bush-rope, gave me much information regarding rubber, showing me the various other vines besides a true rubber vine, whose juice, mingled with a true sap by the collector when in the forest, adds to the weight, a matter of importance because rubber is bought by weight. The other adulteration gets done by the ladies in the villages when the collected sap is handed over to them to prepare for the markets. This preparation consists of boiling it in water slightly and adding a little salt, which causes the gummy part to separate and go to the bottom of the pot where it looks like a thick cream. The water is carefully poured off this deposit, which is then taken out and molded, usually in the hands, but I have seen it run into molds made of small calabashes, with a stick or piece of iron passing through, so that when the rubber is set this can be withdrawn. A hole being thus left the balls can be threaded on to a stick, usually five on one stick for convenience of transport. It is during the molding process that most of the adulteration gets in. Down by the side of many of the streams there is a white chalky looking clay which is brought up into the villages, powdered up and then hung up over the fire in a basket to attain a uniform smuttiness. It is then worked into the rubber when it is being made up into balls. Then a good chunk of cocoa, arum esculentium, cocoa is better than yam I may remark, because it is heavier, also smoked approximately the right color is often placed in the center of the rubber ball. In fact, anything is put there that is hopefully regarded as likely to deceive the white trader. So great is the adulteration that most of the traders have to cut each ball open. Even the kenzimbo rubber, which is put up in clusters of bits shaped like little thimbles formed by rolling pinches of rubber between the thumb and finger, and which one would think difficult to put anything inside of has to be cut because the simple children of nature who collected and bring it to that swindling white trader struck upon the ingenious notion that little pieces of wood shaped like thimbles and coated by a dip in rubber were excellent additions to a cluster. The pure rubber when it is made looks like putty and has the same dusky white color, but owing to the balls being kept in the huts in baskets in the smoke and in wicker work cages in the muddy pools to soak up as much water as possible before going into the hands of the traders they get almost inky in color. End of part two of chapter eight from in Kovi to Assoon, read by Cain Day of Bahatrek.com


So here the ID Tech X conference. So who are you? Hi, my name is Franco Gonzalez I'm technology analyst at ID Tech X. So what do you do? Well, I conduct research on the development of Technologies in two specific areas energy storage technologies such as super capacitors Which has been one of my main areas of research and the second one is electric vehicles These two areas are related Because well energy storage is one of the key components and enabling technologies of electric vehicles so a Supercapacitor, what is that? Supercapacitor is an energy storage device that In comparison with batteries they have a higher power density But less energy density that means that in a certain Pack of supercapacitors in the same size of a pack of a batteries You will have more power but less amount of energy. Does that mean supercapacitor could fly airplanes? well, not entirely because a Supercapacitor on its own couldn't store the required amount of energy to Maybe just a little distance, but the thing is that they could provide the initial power to start the operation of Any electric aircraft as they do in electric vehicles in which they provide the higher power from cranking the engines But it's supercapacitor is a battery, right? It's not exactly a battery because batteries work based on chemical reactions a supercapacitor works based on an electrostatic field stored in Surface areas so electrostatic fields towards surface areas, which surface where a Supercapacitor is composed you can think about the supercapacitor basically as two surface parallel Plagues of a conductor that store store an electrostatic field between them And when you have a solvent with electrolytes between those two areas You will have the formation of a double layer based on the charges are in the surface of the conducting materials surfaces and the ions that alienate themselves in The surface of those two areas these two areas are the electrodes and these electrodes are composed of Porous materials, so if you increase the porosity of those electrodes you will increase those areas at micro level and By increasing at micro level you will increase Well the amount of energy that you can store in different electrostatic fields So is there any a supercapacitor in a Tesla? well not yet, but Elon Musk said I'm quoting him that he said that if there's an exciting technology that will do a breakthrough That will be super capacitors So wouldn't it be awesome if you could charge a car in like two minutes is that possible in the future or what? Yeah, yeah, yeah, that would be a very good Proposal and I think that fast charging technologies such as super capacitors are definitely one enable technology to do but is there any chance to do anything like that because it's a Huge amount of power you need to get through it's dangerous. No things can explode or what? Well, of course depends on Well, you need the infrastructure of course, but I think that the the thing about supercapacitors is that Because they have a so low resistance electrical resistance. They don't Heat increase their temperature and they can manage high power without heating So it's not dangerous. There's no supercapacitor stuff that explodes anywhere in the world Well, they're of course there are some materials that are used in Supercapacitors as they are in batteries solvents are organic solvents that can will evaporate and Some of them under certain conditions Can be toxic of course But That's one area that will both batteries and supercapacitors are looking to replace those Solvents for aqueous versions, which are pretty much safe. Is there like a capacitor and a supercapacitor? Yeah, what's the difference is the amount of well There's the amount of the of the energy that is stored in the device is related with this more measure called capacitance Capacitance is the charge that you can store between two Parallel areas in an electrostatic field. So capacitors are in the range of of For example micro farads Whereas supercapacitors are in the range of farads and thousands of farads So that means if you put inside a server Some capacitors in there. It's not a supercapacitor probably But the supercapacitor is only in the car or something bigger Well, they they are some supercapacitors that are meant to be used in consumer electronics Which are the smaller ones And there are others which are in the meant to be used in Electrical machine search as electric cars So they could be used inside the smartphone to keep power when you switch the battery What they actually would do in a smartphone as you know Smartphone technologies are becoming more multifunctional and that means that you use different functions that demand different power in The device so what it does is that you have a Variation of power demand in time that will drain the energy of Battery so rather than having so much spikes that the battery has to cope with them and in therefore decreasing their Capacity energy store You can shave those peaks with the coupling a supercapacitor that will take out all that High-power job from the battery allowing the battery to work with the constant energy demand That in turn will increase the lifetime of the battery. So you had a session just before a master class Yeah, and Why did it last so long time? What was going on there? Well, I think there's a lot of material and exciting developments in the area and I well I just tried to fit as much as I could so I think that the master class went pretty well because there was a lot of discussion and Well an analysis and comments from the different topics that we cover I think that's I think that's why the master class extended so long extended so long when people came out There was no more lunch No, that's not true. Okay But yeah, well there was some lunch I still managed to have some So this means differently that there will be a lot of things happening in the future with supercapacitors. Yeah, indeed. That's correct Supercapacitors well are already being deployed in electric vehicles It they will get into consumer electronics and will be able to extend the lifetime of a battery They will be able to do fast charging of a mobile phone Matter of minutes And that's something that everyone they will replace the battery Well, they will assist the battery In having a better a better performance and have a better performance in the whole Consumer device itself. So why is it something that's emerging right now? Is it something that was invented recently was long time ago and it's only now Capacitors date back from both and the same time as a lehan alessandro bolta develop the pile battery and they were some in this and Findings of recent developments of of supercapacitors in Holland at the same time. They call them the lay them jars So that's a long time ago. Yeah, but why are we talking about it right now so much the thing is that with the development of nanomaterials The technology has received more tensions because you can produce more the tail and Specific structures in Electrode materials and turn out very very useful to produce these Small porous that I mentioned that will increase the capacitance of the device. So based on the recent developments of New technology said new materials including current nanotubes graphing It has brought a lot of attention to the possibility of Supercapacitor technology. So this is nanotechnology. This is nanotechnology in action. So thanks to that Something is happening right now. Yes. All right, so we can


Here is the trapeze of Caroline on ball screens nice hesitation and an alley They're gonna have to score tonight stay with the tar heels Going under that deep why he's feeling it Okay He can do that off the dribble as well. That was a standstill Jackson hey The run out all set up by great defense. How about this entry? It's gorgeous. You know learned me to wear Hayes rising and finishing big time sitting in big fella. I could call that early shot treatment time off Defenses really picked up nice pass beautiful behind backdoor maneuver Johnson that's two weeks seen I could call that early shot treatment time off Defenses really picked up nice pass beautiful behind backdoor maneuver What a great cut by Johnson. That's two weeks seen really reads and understands Sterling passed by the big fella is that trap it works another steal I Knows where to go with it one thing you always notice about teams preparing to go to Carolina Nice trap to set it up with a flush. It's not often you see a roast on that high Good this just all set up by the trap the ability to read Texas Number 10 and burn orange a lot of spirit nice defense here. Look at this. Oh God bill firm Anna slam on the other end of Texas returning to Cinder now. He gets in that lane Nice running you don't get back. Oh Jackson by Hayes what a recovery action Jackson and now may is reduced to one for seven He can't he thought he had an easy one there. He is really doing a nice job But how about this recovery you've got a run against the bigs of Carolina. Yeah tremendous effort. That's excellent work. Be white Lead a six with two and a half left nice catching Nice job reading it to Roads wants to take it, you know, he does but he gives it up to us at Kowski at the buzzer We finally drills one How about that? Well, he finally gets a three to fall to close out the half nice pop Those are Kowski lost his dribble. Otherwise, he's gonna take that one to the rim again the stutter. Oh, yeah No, Clodor boy, Kerwin Roach is up to 20 points Good job protecting intimidating and finishing Mitra long six the lead is seven Williams on the other Jacked by Hayes 7165 they're gonna need his perimeter shot to make a run here Put the children in the other room bring it on just leave the chandeliers This is incredible. What these kids can do they're not just athletes the acrobats Big time About that send it in Stated bounds more importantly Taking away the personality of Texas Unable to turn the corner Kowski and they are small up front. Remember that looks it manly out. Look at the pursuit Got a good pass great save by white Shot clock down at five though. He's got to be cognizant of that Step back free Holes again They can pop right here All fake and he launches the train. Oh, the iron-on Retrieves it and a foul boy. It was right there, too Curtain when you guys were down 17 to 4. I'm going all the way back to the first half How did you guys change the momentum of this game? Oh, we just say resilient We stay within each other. We just played our game and just came to us We didn't force anything we play great defense or you play great offense and just led to us win This was a complete game effort from you in what way when you came back from flirting from the Emmy of draft Did you talk to shock a smart about becoming this kind of player? Oh, definitely I always wanted to come this type of player ever since I was in high school. It's my dream It's my career high 32 point My teammates and the coaches tell all right Jackson in what way did you impact this basketball game? Did everything I could do to help my team win and I mean that end up end up holding us the victory You know, obviously Kobe Kobe white was hot in the first got cool and then got hot again You guys had a close game against Arkansas in overtime How much did you learn from that win against Arkansas to be able to finish this game against North Carolina? I learned a ton just I mean every game I progress more and try to learn more from every like situation we're in and the game versus Arkansas Really helped with this because I remember I was down in front of the ball against Arkansas to try to get the tip I didn't get it that game, but I mean it didn't lead to a loss this time. I got the tip so Kerwin if I can slide over real one more time with you. You just got knocked off North Carolina You're gonna play either Michigan State or UCLA this team the expectations weren't as high But now what does this statement say after knocking off Carolina even before Friday night? I got make them believe that's all we get. We always preach. We got something to prove We got chip on our shoulder our whole team included me So that's all we got to do just come in come in make them believe and just play with that chip on our shoulder


The Chairman of the National Population Commission, N.P.C. Nasiru Kwara, has described the organized labor in the country as a formidable stakeholder with enormous capacity to contribute to the conduct of its successful census. Kwara distorts these two in a sensitization workshop with focus on the imperatives of the 2023 census exercise jointly organized by the National Population Commission, N.P.C. and Michael Imordu National Institute for Labor Studies for members of the organized labor in Inori, the Kwara State Capitol. While describing the organized labor as the greatest beneficiaries of the forthcoming housing census, the Chairman of the National Population Commission, N.P.C., noted that of data that will be generated by the exercise will provide evidence-based planning for improving the welfare and living conditions of the Nigerian workers. With regards to the 2023 population and housing census, the labor remains a formidable stakeholder with enormous capacity to contribute to the conduct of successful census, while also standing to benefit from it. Way to go when we are pursuing public policy is through partnership. Nobody can do it alone. So I told the commission that we would like to partner with them so that we can promote knowledge, literacy, understanding about why we need census and how we are going to conduct the census and when will the census take place. Kwara also meant that the data to be generated from the 2023 census will greatly assist in local governance and socioeconomic planning and development of the country at large while labor leaders describe the move as timely and key to the success of the census. The data that will be generated by the exercise will provide evidence-based data for planning for improving the welfare and living conditions of Nigerian workers in the provision of education, health facilities, social infrastructure, provision of employment. This is more or less like a committee relation program, getting them informed about their plans, their programs and what they want to do and they are having a feedback from the workers which I really appreciate a lot. The census is a welcome program because we need to understand what census is all about.