As you've seen today, once upon a time, fonts were shipped by the kilogram, or as you call them, the pound. The design, production, manufacture and distribution of them was a massive industrial endeavour. The design of new typefaces was a slow, laborious and expensive process involving lots of people. But tech changed in the 50s and 60s. Phototype setting was introduced. And letters were divorced from lead and they became married to light. And typefaces were uncoupled from the rigours of lead production. This meat manufacturing costs could come down and it opened up the door for more and more people to participate in the process of designing typefaces. And this is probably the most important part. The maturing and cheapening of type technology opened the potential for all sorts of people to create typefaces. What was previously a field dominated by white European men started to creak open a little bit. And, as we know, since the 90s, typefaces have been created digitally and this has led to massive disruption in the industry, both financially and stylistically. The PC allows almost anyone to create a working and usable typeface. The barriers to entry are almost zero and distribution online is frictionless and immediate. And this means that participation from anyone on the gender spectrum or cultural background is now possible. A typeface once took a whole platoon of people to produce and now it can all be meaningfully done by a single person. Now, in 2016, I wrote an article on my website called, Welcome to the infill font foundry. It was a direct response to a quote by Rudy Vanderlands from Emigre. Now, in the 90s, we all know Emigre are one of the first digital pioneers and they paved the way for independent typeface designers and they proved that it was possible to design, manufacture, market and sell your own digital fonts outside of the major industry players. Now, this is what Rudy said and what I responded to in 2016. In terms of new typeface designs, we believe we've reached a point that we refer to as infillism, where designers are simply filling in the few remaining options left, which begs the question, how many more Helvetica or Futura-inspired designs do we really need? We coined the term infillism because it's something we've been thinking a lot about lately and it's easy to imagine that each edition there are fewer type design options left because type design is restricted by the structure of alphabetic characters and although the options are technically infinite, it became increasingly difficult to see the differences between designs. We're left with filling in the gaps and the gaps are getting smaller and smaller and we're starting to question the point of adding one more variation. That pissed me off for two reasons. Firstly, emigrate themselves, sold and designed typefaces inspired directly by the classics. Mrs Eves and Philosophia are revivals of basketball and Badoni respectively and they were their best sellers. And secondly, implying the concepts and ideas embodied in Futura are the best and only expressions of those ideas is dangerous because it leads to a veneration of the classics as any critical reappraisal or reinterpretation by future generations and it foregoes Futura from being viable and valuable source material and it kind of suggests that it has a cultural or aesthetic half-life and for any kind of subsequent works that reference it. But what I think Rudy was effectively saying was we don't need any more copies. Now these days, particularly in American and European cultures to say something is a copy is to use the pejorative it's saying it's not original and if it's not original it's no good and to call something a mere copy is to imply that it's a lesser creation it kind of even says that it's not even a creative act. Now I remember the first time I heard the song Hurt by Johnny Cash and it's a very powerful and emotional song it's basically like having a punch to the gut and so I bought the whole album and I listened to it heaps and several years later I heard the song Hurt by Nine Inch Nails and I immediately thought wow what a terrible cover why did Nine Inch Nails have to ruin a perfectly good song of course while later somebody told me that the Cash version was the cover and the Nine Inch Nails version was the original and when Trent Reznor, lead musician from Nine Inch Nails heard Cash's version he said it was a good version and I certainly wasn't cringing or anything but it felt like I was watching my girlfriend kiss somebody else but then he saw the video clip that accompanied it and he changed his tune and he said I lost my girlfriend because that song isn't mine anymore and there's further parallels in music and it's possible for us now to know what an original Bach symphony sounds like well we have now recreations and performances with contemporary orchestras using contemporary instruments but we don't call them copies and we don't think they're not original we consider them in their own terms my point here is that our first exposure to the classics is often by a contemporary reinterpretation or reproduction in a reverse chronological order for example we see images of paintings or sculptures on websites in order to discern whether we want to see the real ones in the galleries and once we get to the galleries we're not really faced with the so-called originals in their original state the passage of a time that fades colour and erots canvas and cracks statues well we often see the current state of the artwork as interpreted by conservationists trying to preserve or restore the work over the intervening centuries now even in modern art there are philosophical and practical problems one article describes how conservators of modern art are increasingly confronted with the problem of what they call the elusive original one curator says traditionally scientific analysis has been able to distinguish authenticity by the nature and age of materials but what is the status of the original when the artist's hand wasn't directly involved in the fabrication of the work so in one effort to restore a series of Rothko murals at Harvard her preservation team used digital coloured light projection to return the works to their original colour now the interesting thing here is what if the projections alone could produce the same optical effects as the paintings and then the Harvard murals could be displayed anywhere in the world or in multiple places at once and the paintings themselves could be discarded now does this mean that digitisation does this mean that an artwork can transcend one medium to another and still be considered the same thing would we consider the digital projection to be the original now in the same vein I can imagine almost no contemporary practising designers have seen or handled the original original metal Futura fonts but if you ask them what fonts they've been using in their designs they'll say Futura, Helvetica and Garamond for the people actually using our work there's no clear difference it's not important that they're not the so-called originals now as typeface designers we know that they're playing technical things to consider the same type from one medium to another like the Rothko murals for example for us what would be termed the original is it the original form of the typeface would it be the punch, would it be the strike or would it be the print and this is a problem I came up with trying to digitise this thing which is based on the fell types during the process it dawned on me that I was trying to capture an impossible aesthetic and I was trying to mimic a technology that's no longer used so I tried to make it as digital as possible to try to be true to the spirit of the thing and then I made the points infinitely sharp and I detailed it to be contemporary and rigorous and I wanted to be a product of our time and our culture and I think this is what Vanderlands was trying to say that he simply want contemporary designers to make contemporary typefaces or are we to abandon all historical examples completely because that would be an impossible request now we often have to turn to other fields for philosophical and practical nourishment the industrial designer Jasper Morrison says where would we be if human efforts of the past were ignored for the sake of preserving the dubious notion of complete originality working with historical typologies to keep them alive and fresh seems to me a worthwhile occupation and about a year ago I read a book called Shanzai deconstruction in Chinese by the renowned contemporary philosopher Yongchul Han it completely floored me it knocked me over and it really it basically reversed my latent ideas on what constitutes originality now Shanzai is a Chinese neologism that means fake and it was coined to describe the knockoff cell phone market but Han argues that they're not knockoffs, that they're not merely crude forgeries but stylish and multifunctional and sometimes even better than the originals there are also Shanzai politicians and celebrities and books and of course there are Shanzai Harry Potter novels Harry Potter and the Porcelain Doll in it Harry is Chinese and he has Chinese friends and he speaks Chinese to me Yandamort but Han explains that these products they don't set out to deceive their attraction lies in how they draw attention to the fact that they are not the originals but that they play with the original they transform the original by beating it in a new context and their creativity is based on the very act of transformation and variation and he goes to explain this cultural process by going back in time and he uses painting as an example and he writes with its unrelenting metamorphosis process also dominates the Chinese awareness of time and history for example transformation takes place not as a series of events or eruptions but discreetly imperceptibly and continually any kind of creation that occurred at one absolute and unique point would be inconceivable to this end it does not accept the idea of the original as originality assumes a beginning in the emphatic sense not creation with an absolute beginning but a continual process without beginning or end without birth or death and I like to imagine typeface design in this way a continuing process of rediscovery and recreation Han uses painting to illustrate this thesis even further it was of no small importance for a painter's career in China to get a forgery of an old master into the collection of a well-known connoisseur he who succeeds in such a forgery of a master's work gains great recognition as it provides proof of his ability for the connoisseur who has authenticated his forgery the forger is now equal to the master now of course this is also standard practice in European painting as well the master's Delacroix complains that copying was becoming neglected and Han says the cult of originality relegates this practice of copying which is essential to the creative process in reality creation is not a sudden event but a slow process that demands a long and intense engagement with what has been in order to create from it and of course Michelangelo was a master forger as well so he was a master forger and was fascinating to me about copies and interpretations is that a Chinese master painter his entire uvra is subject to transformation as well it shrinks and it grows new pictures turn up to fill it up and pictures that will once ascribe to a master's uvra they just disappear for example the uvra of one famous master looks different in the Ming dynasty from how it looked during the Song dynasty Michelangelo describes it very heavily like this a temporal inversion occurs the subsequent or retrospective defines the origin yet thus the inversion deconstructs it the uvra is a large construction site that is always filling up with new contents and new pictures we might also say the greater the master the emptier his uvra he is a signifier without identity he is always being loaded with new significance the origin turns out to be a retrospective construction he goes on to explain that each era visualises the master differently for example the master's true originals are replaced with forgeries that suit contemporary taste in this case the forgeries have more art historical value than the true originals indeed we could think that they are more original than the originals in reference of an era the prevailing contemporary taste influenced the master's uvra pictures treating subjects that are no longer fashionable forgotten while pictures of preferred subjects proliferate and during the raid nasons for example it was normal for typefaces to be replenished piecemeal if a metal sword was damaged or lost a new punch was cut in the same style Jean Janon I can't say that in French he complains about this he complains that nobody wants new typefaces because they're happy with slowly replacing the ones that they have which reminded me of the classic philosophical paradox of theses ship now it goes like this suppose that the famous ship of theses is kept in a harbour as a museum piece as the years go by some of the wooden planks begin to rock and are replaced by new ones now after a century or so all the planks have been replaced is the restored ship the same as the original now a real example of this philosophical problem is the 1300 year old Japanese Issei Shinto shrine in practice this shrine is demolished and rebuilt every 20 years to the exact same plans it's an extremely expensive and ceremonial process it was rebuilt every 20 years as part of the Shinto belief of the death and renewal of nature of the impermanence of all things and as a way of passing building techniques from one generation to another the buildings will be forever new and forever ancient and forever original now this illustrates a nice difference between eastern and western thought now after many heated debates UNESCO removed the shrine and the original list of world heritage sites to them the shrine is only 20 years old it may not be the same physical shrine but to the Shinto worshippers it has the same functional and emotional resonance it's exactly the same resonance as contemporary designer using a contemporary digital futura now over the last 10 or so years I redrew one of my first typefaces national to me it is national it's what I wanted to draw 10 years ago but I didn't have the patience or skill and what I realised that it happened after doing writing this talk is that I'd torn down my own shrine and I'd rebuilt it again but I'm also doing the same thing with futura, helvetika the types of vandun care with accidents grotesque and plantin I'm not going to let them die in the museums and rotten the harbours I'm going to take what I want I'm going to remake them in my own voice, in my own accent, in my own style and it's taken me a very long time to become comfortable with this idea because we all seem to worship at the church of originality whether we are aware of it or not and a few years ago I was inadvertently confronted with a practical example of the meaning of originals and copies and ran a small experiment he scanned a lowercase n and he asked about 80 designers to digitise it all we had to do was wrap our own vector outlines around the same image and send it back to him the fascinating result of this was that with 80 different designers all digitising exactly the same letter form no two vector points lined up from 80 different designers now in retrospect this is a very direct way of illustrating exactly what Han was saying and it made me realise that this is what we're all doing we're all taking the planks from the masters and building our own ships we're making ships in our own image, in our own language and our own accents and from our own cultures but we're not building the single ship, it's going to be an international flotilla it's going to be alive and relevant for the hardworking designers that actually use our fonts and we're not interested in preservation that's the job of all the private presses and museums we're interested in active transformation we are in effect Shanzai designers taking letter forms from the past and embedding them in new contexts we're not merely filling in the gaps with 10,000 fakes we're doing this by making 10,000 original copies thank you


I'm very sad is our last day at media row at Super Bowl 57 Phoenix. There's a good vibe in the air We've got new bartenders. I'd like you to meet the Haley's Hello, yes, they'll be pouring drinks or some of our guests today, and I'm sure you want to know who are those guests How about George Kittle? I don't know if his voices soar from singing with Kelly Clarkson last night But he'll be here and I hope that Nick Bosa brings the defensive player of the year trophy along with him He won that NFL honors last night and we've got to a tunnel by Lola stopping by Justin Herbert is on the show stars on stars, and I gotta say my oh my god I really thought I couldn't find you you're in my eyesight so it's In the building Yeah, it's what we just decided to talk about you look like you're in Blade Runner You look like you're killing vampires and zombies in that outfit Blade I'm feeling myself This feels normal. It's been a minute a reunion. How are you? I'm good. How are you doing? I thought you last night you were doing your thing at NFL honors I'm trying you remember when we were at honors I saw all the pictures yesterday people were posting and we've we've really we did our thing I remember at one point it was snowing and I carried you over my shoulder because you couldn't walk in hills in the snow Yes, that's how far back we go. That's true, and that's how close we are in April So you are killing it Nicolodi and Mia is killing it. Oh, yeah, she's doing it. Oh my gosh. Thank you so much She's amazing CBS CBS mornings, of course everything that you do with the NFL NFL plus Rihanna Rihanna little just a little hug to just get some of that Energy talk to me about that really wasn't she was incredible You know we we got a call my team and they said we would love for you to sit down and reread now Initially, I wasn't too sure because I sit down with Gaga. I sit down with Timberlake J No, you said Gaga look through your it's scary. She looked at my soul. She looked at my soul Gaga's a lioness. That's crazy. But so is Rihanna She walked in that room with this essence in this energy and you can just tell she was so happy to be back on the big stage Yeah, and she was genuine about the reception that she felt you remember when they posted that hand with the football and they're like Rihanna is doing the Super Bowl halftime show and I was telling I was like, yo, you broke the internet and she was like, yeah I know and I just appreciate the fact that the people want to meet back and and she's gonna kill it I have a feeling that it's going to be one of the best halftime shows ever. Is it just her you think? I asked her if there was a guest now. She wouldn't tell me But I have a feeling like she's gonna bring out somebody imagine if she brings up Drake or Jay-Z or Paul McCartney McCartney anybody Bring out the baby she can bring out a month I don't want her to bring on anybody you want to be so Absolutely, she can do it. Oh, no, she can do it for sure Like, you know, we love a little variety and a halftime show we do we love it for a little son and we got Hamilton's here Beautiful bearded men we're talking about Rihanna We can't lose sight of the special guests that you had last night on the red carpet You had a time on the red carpet, can we show Here we go Nate knows I'm notorious like quiet about my private life I don't like to flaunt and I really fell in love with Swabber from old spice. That was my date. First of all, can we talk about that outfit? I Love skins on this Nobody on the red carpet. You see look at that. It's called confident Over you. Yeah, I know it is confident and swagger you killed it. It's a good look. Thank you All right, we are the words here. Can we talk about who we have on the show? Who do we got? Oh, we got to a coming up Which is gonna be all I heard stuff on pigs might stop by Yeah, yeah, you might have to go over there and carry him like you carried me back With you so I'm so I can only be the best receiver on the show for like We'll see we'll hear about to a tight re-kill of course and then we have Justin Herbert on the show as well So lots of guests champagne's running around here here yesterday Maybe he'll stop by but you got a good crowd for you Burleson. No, they're not for me I saw all of these people taking pictures, okay Let's go see him. Right. Let's go down there and check out to it. Is he down there? Oh, yeah, he's here All right to a tongue of my loa on the up and Adam's show. Let's see Where is it? Nate? You literally look like you're slaying vampires. Do you want to talk about what I were too? Hey, good to see you It's been a long time since Camera talking to people We love it. We love seeing you congratulations on the season incredible.  Yeah, so I teamed up with subway and a subway's help and level up Fans Super Bowl experience okay through their new subway series Okay, well, we love to hear that and we love to hear that you are also doing some sort of trivia Are you gonna make Nate and I look bad right now? No, not nothing but love for you, too It shouldn't be that bad should be pretty easy. Okay before you maybe not for Nate I'm not too sure All right, they're not the Super Bowl experience and you've got some trivia from you. Let's go correct. All right, so first question How many rushing touchdowns did me to a tongue by law? Okay, did I have in 2021? How many rushing touchdowns I'm gonna say six I'm gonna say five Oh Is it one of these numbers? It's one of these Rushing touchdown, okay, oh What is it? First of all, you don't have to laugh at me. Why is it warm and it smells delicious subway. This I mean subway Oh my gosh, I need to eat that. That's amazing. Okay. That's all three Marissa's telling us to open three now. What's that one? Oh This is fresh. I thought you were gonna see how many touchdowns you had and it was 25 this year because you crushed it So please start eating this. I already know with which one which one's your favorite subway sandwich to a I am Going with the monster the monster So if you can create your own subway sandwich, what would it be? Oh? If I could create my own I would say because I'm a pretty simple guy It would be Normal wheat, okay wheat bread turkey. Okay. Yeah lettuce. Yeah tomatoes. Okay. Yeah Sun pepper vinegar You you can put some like listen. I just teed you up perfectly for the alley. You're supposed to say the to a melt Okay, let's come up here Tom All right, everybody's just subway leveling up the Super Bowl experience. You've got the new menu the subway series at home in here Why don't you come sit over here with us? Okay? Okay? There you go. I'll let I'll let you sit right there fam Now when you look back at this year that you had and I said that the touchdowns you proved a lot of people wrong How do you look back and define what 2022 was for you? There was some adversity, of course. Yeah, I I think it was it was the best year I've I've had and the best year that I felt in the building with with the people with with the camaraderie of the guys it was it was 360 from from what I I've seen coming into the NFL and Just the belief of of the the players in each other The belief of the coaches in the players It it it was something that that was totally different for me and Now I'm very proud of how our team battled through a Lot of adversity this year with the injuries at not just the quarterback position But other positions as well Defensively and then up front for our line. So I I'm very proud and and you know, I'm your best here You're the best you've ever felt we love to hear that. Yeah, no doubt about it When I had my cup of coffee in Cleveland, which was my last stop with the Browns before I retired my wide receiver's coach was Mike McDamn hmm, and I Remember thinking to myself this dude is as cool as it gets and he cares and sometimes People may think that's a bad thing for a coach But I've always thought if a coach cares about you as a person He's gonna care about you even more as a player. I Saw initially when you guys connected that the relationship was different and you talk about belief It's coaches believing in players How much of Mike McDaniels showing up as a coach that believed in you on and off the field helped you be the guy you were yeah, it helped tremendously it skyrocketed my confidence and You know, I I've said this before he sat me down Brought me up in the office and told me You know, like dude, do you not understand like the kind of player you are do you like? Like any I'm like sure and you know, he comes and shows me film But outside of that like me not knowing like he showed the entire staff like the film and he he he got you know, like The owner to come and watch this and he was just so excited I'm just just thinking of of someone that has belief in you. Yeah, it's not you that they're they're Only trying to convince, you know to believe in yourself But it's everyone else that believed in you at one point and then now it has been questioned because of things And that's not easy played through the media because as a coach He's putting his name on the line in front of the other coaches and players and an owner Yeah, no, no the reason I love that story when you told that it brought back a memory when I first signed with the Cleveland Browns I'm older.  I walk in we have these young guns in there You got Josh Gordon and Andrew Hawkins Willie Schnee Taylor Gabriel all these young guys young superstars and the first thing he does when he walks He introduces me says hey, this is Nate Brosnan the guys are kind of like oh You know Okay, I know you guys think you know who he is Watch this pops on tape of my entire 11 year career Wow music in the background and it was a reminder me to that'll work to that work for me I feel good. These guys are turning around looking at me like oh gee. That's you and but that was him Giving the ultimate effort into making everybody. Yeah, see you the way that you should be seen and it just does so much for players Confidence. Well, I got some tape to show you because I've been doing I've been playing with this 2022 script action Everybody's been handed their NFL script. I picked to play from this year that made me so proud to be a to a fan So let's look at the to a tongue of I loa 2022 NFL script as loved by the up-and-out him show This was a big year, but this was week two to remember this one against the Ravens down 35 14 going in the fourth quarter Talk me through this play to a mm Yeah, well, I think on that one second second So second second game of the year. Yeah When you battled back you were down. This is the fourth quarter. This is a third of the Tyree Kale. Well Can't can't throw throw the D-ball for one Excuse me, so that one more time can't what can't throw the day after the deep ball That's interesting early in the year, but I think that the coolest thing though about about that Was that it really showed the perseverance of our team And the kind of guys that we had both offense and defensively you look at the beginning the first half Things weren't going our way and we were down by 21 and so the perseverance that our guys had and came out with in the second half now that was just I'm just a prime example of playing out throughout the season. Tyree talks about how you know He can outrun any quarterback and you know, even when he's talking about Patrick Mahomes It doesn't matter who's thrown left-handed taller short stronger week He just talks about how fast he is and I find it hilarious because Randy Moss used to say the same things out to co-peppers. They'd be our practice Go back in for talking. They're like brothers. Yeah, and Randy be like, hey pep you you can't out-throw me And pet would be like, okay, I got you. I'm gonna throw this one deep And baby at practice doing this all game on this Tyreek ever like look at you and be like yo I'm about to go go on this one and give you a look at practice No, he he just tells me I I can't out-throw him. We don't ever we don't ever like to practice Hey, I'm gonna out-throw you or in in a routes on there. I'm gonna out-throw you But is it a different type of speed with him though? It's crazy, right? I would say so it is definitely different like the fastest guy you ever played with Faster, who's and well, I I've had the the the fortunate Chance of playing with some fast guys in college That's true. That is but that is yeah, I would say Tyree definitely. Yeah I want to say congratulations Nate So I sat next to Nate for six years one of my favorite things about him is that he was a dad a dad of three The best dad I was like my gosh if everybody could be a dad like Nate and love doing it you have a new baby Yeah, congratulations. How is that? Thank you? Tell us. It's the best thing. It's the best thing in the world I know you can relate Changes your lens on how you see the world changes your lens on everything and I would say for me most importantly how You you talk to people how you treat people You know how you look at other kids too now Just life through a different lens is is Life becomes enhanced That's so beautiful to put it I have to ask you though because of that and then the health stuff right several concussions Yep, how do you look at that differently? Now being a dad removed from the season and like the craziness of it doesn't make you want to step back a little bit Well, no, I don't think it makes me want to Or it forces me to be to be afraid of wanting to come back and play it definitely Makes me want to do things to Help myself, you know by hopefully You know not not being in those positions next year. So, you know, well We we got like a plant set up and I'll be doing a judo on Fridays just so that I can kind of Figure out, you know, like Understanding my body and how to fall and that's what judo does. I'll be more dangerous than ever, man Not trying to be a dangerous person in that way Just just trying to help help Yeah, yeah, I think that's amazing. We're gonna get go a little break here I want you to just tell us really quickly about the 2023 Miami Dolphins with to a tongue of I love What do we fans have to be excited about? Well, I think the biggest thing to be excited about is You know having someone like Mike Big Daniel just come in the first year and and the belief that he's shown in in our team this year You know, you guys can kind of see a glimpse It was very unfortunate and it was a series of the bad luck that we had this year with injuries and And things like that, but I think everyone has a lot to look forward to with with the team that we have I will take a tool I'll take a number three and number six from subway the subway series is alive and well here at two world 57 Everybody can download the subway app or go to subway comm to pick your sandwiches And by the way, we'll post we'll post to his menu for what he gets when he goes to subway And you guys can eat and be like to what the to a melt was good though Nate. Yeah, but his sandwich with the vinegar I like that you like that you're getting hungry Nate. All right. All right. Let's go to the bar here in a bit Thank you to you're here with Lowe's hometown It's a five-year 100 million dollar investment by Lowe's in the communities that it serves Why was it important for you Justin to partner with Lowe's? You know, I've had so much fun being a part of this this partnership because What they've been able to do in the community has been huge and that's one of those things that I've really tried to Do these past couple of years of having this platform as as an athlete You know, you can use it for the better and Lowe's is one of those companies that has done such a great job in the previous Years of its, you know, conception and you know, I've had so much fun being a part of it And if I can help out however I can especially this this past year with the kid city breezeway project It's been a lot of fun and and doing a lot of good. So it's exciting to see What's the most impressive feat of Lowe's ask stuff that you can do? I fixed a wall until I there was Unfortunately, I was the one that punched the wall, but that's what it takes to Not Justin! You couldn't even tell that there was a hole in it. So My dad and I fixed that and I learned a lot about it Everybody watching this can go nominate is until February 20th If it's Lowe's hometowns go to loess.com slash hometowns will get everybody all the information they need With the sling, I mean surgery and then the ribs and all of that Everyone I talked to about you specifically says toughness is your defining characteristic Is toughness your defining characteristic as a quarterback?  So I'm thankful to to have a guy like that in my life Now the season's over so you can be honest about things How much did it impact your play out there? Um, you know, I think the ribs early on were pretty tough. Um, you know, it's kind of a discomfort that I had to deal with for You know, six or seven weeks But as as that got better time yield, um, and then the shoulder, um, it was kind of another discomfort thing Was able to throw was able to do everything but was kind of limited during practice And so um, just had to find my way of being out there and getting all the reps. Um, without actually doing them all Love the talking to Justin. I talked to him for about 20 minutes So we're bringing you guys more of that next week and on our socials over and up an atom show Tough kid. He has a sling. He couldn't practice. He was feeling bad with those ribs and stuff for six or seven weeks He wasn't even throwing in practice. It's crazy to hear how tough he is And we'll talk about brandon staley and more of that and more importantly to support justin's amazing efforts And lowes hometown projects and all the great things that they're doing in local communities You can go to lowes.com slash hometowns and you can nominate a local project near you now through february 20th We've got george kittle on the show gape davis on the show staphon diggs on the program Nick boza better bring that defensive player veer trophy and nape burleson is here partying with me And I gotta say I miss working with you for a lot of reasons, but I also miss the holidays And times that I would walk into my dressing room and there'd be a bottle of crown Waiting there for me as a gift isn't crown royal. Just the perfect. It's delicious Yeah, and it's the perfect brand to partner with and you know me being a canadian guy Um born in canada and that's where crown royals from they're doing something really cool during the super bowl And it's all about gratitude. You know, yeah, these other brands they spend all this money boasting about themselves Crown royals doing something different big. Thank you to canada for everything that they do everything that they provide I mean canada. We represent. I mean low-key if you're not paying attention We run the world canadians out here doing big things and crown royals is Showing that in the super bowl ad partner with icon. Dave bro. So may she tune in for that 60 second ad 30 second ad is already up But you know, canada we come out with a lot of stuff people don't give a credit give us credit for What is great musicians? Bebes, yeah, bees, right? Jersey drake, of course pootin actors actresses poutine. I was gonna say pootin. I probably would erase them That's okay. We won't post that and if you ever have poutine, it's the fries with the gravy and cheese Yes, and then hawaiian pizza. Did you know that hawaiian pizza's canadian? Oh, canadian make it creation Yeah And now to mention uh, very very Give me my singing give me my singing give me my camera Canada also produces very very handsome man Oh boy, you know what I'm saying twinkle, but no shout out to crown royale though Like I said, it's all about gratitude. Yeah, because what we've been through over the last couple of years There have been so many people behind the scenes It just haven't been getting the love that they deserve and crown royals saying we see you we appreciate you So make sure you tune in to the ad because we can all share that sentiment, right? The people that got us through during the pandemic quarantine and now where we are now 2023 Shout out to crown royale always doing a big and giving people crowns that actually deserve it shout out to pl Shout out to everybody I got to ask you when is the dave grohl? Nate burleson collab coming out. Oh, yeah, I've been back in a lab to really right I've been right now spit a verse to fat joe. He loved it. I saw you asked him to get his thoughts on your pen Yeah, yeah, exactly. Exactly. You know what that is? Did you sing for rihanna? I can't say What did you rap for rihanna? Yeah, I want to get on a remix. You know what I'm saying? But did you did you give her a verse? We were running out of time to people like, oh, we got to wrap this up. Would you have if you could or would you be too scared? I would have spit some for rihanna, of course I love it. I will say that's a lot of people come here and there's a lot of partnerships that happen And everyone says and they say they read their lines That is not Nate. Nate drinks crown royale, Nate gifts crown royale And when Nate's talking about appreciating people behind the camera behind the scenes that got us through the past There's literally no perfect person What's all that rafters over there?  All right. We're gonna take a break Oh, no, let's take a let's go. Let's go do the pong. You want to do a pong? Let's do the pong. All right. You could make a drink with your crown royale Eat your subway sandwich George Kittle on the way Nick On the way as well gave David walking over water. We do have water in here. Why do you this looks smaller today? We also play this with crown royale drink responsible, by the way, that would be an uber ride home if we can make that happen So here's the deal. I want you to peek at this leaderboard first, Nate Because you're one of the most competitive people I know You've got a blank here George Kittle gave Davis on the way. We'll see if the fondigs comes Cam Jordan took all of these in his massive hands and went And got like seven in at a time. You know, you pick your strategy. All right. Don't do what I did You really got zero. Yeah, I did. What are you surprised? You're more athletic than that. All right. All right. 37 go go 30 seconds Yeah, as many as you can get in 30 seconds Oh, no, wow, Nate, you're more athletic than that. You're more athletic than that. Can I do like this? Oh, okay. All right. Hey, this is harder than I thought Hey, oh my goodness, man, this is rigged. There we go. Okay. All right. Now, Zita, how much time I got? 10 seconds Oh, that's not bad. Three, two, one. Hold the reader. I mean, that's not bad. How many? One, seven. Seven. All right. Right in there. Right in there. Talking about that puts me. Okay second place try for second. I mean, I think Darkwing Duck would have gotten more I'm just saying I think Darkwing Duck would have done better. Darkwing Duck. Let's get dangerous. Apparently, Bosa has ditched us He won my award and he's like, I'm too big for your show now. He'll probably be on CBS with him and Gail We'll be back after this that we were trying to get Stefan Diggs and gave Davis my boyfriend is here Oh my god, my boyfriend is here We got Sean Payton roaming around we're trying to get Stefan Diggs Right now we welcome in one of my favorite personalities one of your favorite personalities in the entire NFL and all pro athlete All pro football player. Well, leave the Niners to the NFC championship game. Um, can we do a little walk on? I'm here.  Would you like a cocktail? Yeah, what am I drinking? Um, margarita. We have a special margarita. Sure. Okay. Can you go over there and do that while I talk to you? Okay, so I'm at honors yesterday. Yes, and I was only looking at Claire Kittle, but then I was watching the montage, right? Yes, the opening montage. Yes, and I thought to myself. Oh my gosh. There's so many Kittle highlights in this It must be so cool to be sitting as George Kittle watching just this And seeing everybody and enjoying it and then 10 minutes later you're singing with Kelly Clarkson Which overshadowed anything that could have happened that night. Talk me through this Yes, no the being an NFL honors. That's the first time I was not is My first time at honors my wife really wanted to walk her walk the red carpet Claire Kittle Claire Kittle bless your heart I love you so much. Um, let's see So we did that it was really fun But like being able to sit there I mean sit next to mccaffrey the bosa's the whole bosa family, which is kind of fun because they're a massive family Can we face time nick bosa? He ditched me today. Did he really supposed to come here? What do you think he's doing? Sleeping. Oh, okay. Thanks, nick.  He's hibernating. Oh, that's true He's gonna go to sleep. He'll disappear to Florida and tell mini camp. Okay. Talk to me about this song But the song. Uh, yeah, I got told about about a week ago Um, oh, thank you so much. Are you drink is Oh, thank gosh, don't make me do this by myself Cheers to you on an incredible Kelly Clarkson rendition. Everybody's talking about it. Um, so you found out a week ago I practiced several times Just a couple seriously Well, after about the fourth or fifth time, I was like it's not gonna get any better So let's just go out there and sing your heart out and have the best time you can have possibly have Did you have fun? Do you remember or did you black out? No, I remember like About 15 minutes before that my heart rate just started beating. I was like, okay Just deep breathing kind of talk to talk myself down about five minutes before I had to go My wife she was like, hey, just breathe that gets okay. You're gonna dominate this. You're gonna be great You got a shout out to Claire Cato. Yeah, just that'd be wonderful. Thank you guys. You guys are wonderful How amazing Yeah, so uh, they want to happen it happened. Uh, I was a little jealous game Jordan got backup singers I saw that Kirk cousins Kelly Clarkson sang with him It's all I was like and they were both singers Kirk was in I think choir since eighth grade. They knew you could do it alone You just let them put the pressure on me. Have you watched it out? Yeah, I watched it. I'm it is what it is How hard was it be honest? Oh It was a lot. Really? Yeah, it was harder than a two minute drill Well, so the stress level I was more stressed for that than I was taking the field to win a football game That's crazy to me. I'm like that's well. I've done that a thousand times I've not done singing in front of a huge audience never done it Kelly say you did you meet Kelly before I met her on Wednesday Lesser heart. Uh, she tried to make a couple Cowboys jokes at me. Like you I was like, you can't really make those jokes We beat you guys twice in a row Sorry Kelly. Oh, sorry Kelly. Love you.  She was super funny last time. She was great. She was Shout out to Kelly Clarkson. Kelly Clarkson's Number one singer Okay, you're here with old spice. I am and you're here with rug rats. Let's start with rug rats Reptar, okay, but his rug rats. Reptar. I like the the dinosaur dinosaur is my favorite. So do you dress yourself? Or do you summon style you? Uh, no, I found this on a resell app for eight dollars.  I had a date last night to honors I went with the mascot. I saw that. I know I mean, you know, my favorite thing about him is tell me is that he's exact He looks exactly the way he should look. It's a deodorant stick. It's yeah, it's not that hard Well, he's not just a deodorant stick. I got to know him. He's so much more. Is it a bow tie too? I was just looking at his eyes. He just smelled so good. Yeah, look at us Oh, yeah, I mean like look at him. That's exactly how new couple alert That's how he should look. Yeah, like they didn't they didn't have to think like they did that one What did your dad think of your singing? He was very excited. I'm a big fan of your dad. Yeah, he was very you know what? I think I got my singing talents from him. So bless his heart. Bless his heart All right, so tell me what you're doing with old spice. What am I doing with the old spice? Well, we're part of the swagger campaign You just named a couple guys that do have a lot of swagger So I'm ought to be a part of that team my swagger is a little bit different But I still got some but I'm working with them 24 seven protection Because you know, okay, you know, we're friends, right? So like if I had something in my teeth you tell me I would always tell you But usually when someone smells bad you usually just kind of avoid that person the rest of the day It's so true. It's super hard because it's hard to tell someone How do you tell someone? It's like hey, you don't don't smell very good because what are they supposed to do about it? So instead how about you just start with your day at the odorant with the old spice deodorant Yeah, then you'll have the confidence because you don't have to worry about anything else The only thing you have to worry about is maybe something in your teeth Maybe you have to brush your hair, but nothing like that.  Oh dear lord name the person City lamb told us Tyler Smith smells the worst. That's a large human. Yeah Tell me who's well, who needs yeah, just you know what this isn't even I don't know if it's a smell thing. The there's a guy that sits in his locker next to me Great guy. Love him human being Alex Berry. He doesn't play with socks on in his cleats He plays barefoot first. I don't know. He likes his foot health, but those cleats don't smell great They don't no he takes those off. I'm like, I'm gonna just move a sec You need to put the swagger in the shoes. I'm gonna I need to spray Can we get a spray? I'll bring it to the locker room. We'll take care of that. That sounds amazing. All right. I want to say Let's see. I'm having a drink at I don't know what you're talking about. This is what Nick Bosa is missing. Can you tell Nick Bosa what he's missing? What a great time we're having here. Nick, we love you. You're hibernating at home We get it, but we'd love to have you up here man. There's a seat right here for you You can just take a nap right there. No worries. I love seeing Purdy Get the highlights at NFL honors. So cool. He's getting jokes from Kelly Clarkson Can you imagine being him what clicked and why is he so poised in Shanahan's words in your perspective? Um Like what is it? What made it click was his confidence and his own ability. Like he wasn't worrying. There was no, I mean he has pressure on him, right? There's he's a quarterback for San Francisco 49ers. He's mr. Eleven. Like there's not, you know, first overall Pick talent like that type of pressure. It's like, okay.  Hey, yeah, that's us That worked out pretty well for me. Not bad. Good job, Brock. It's the Iowa connection but he has his confidence to him in his own ability, but then um, just What made him successful was he played 48 games in college, right? Like he was a starting quarterback. He knows how to do it. He knows what comes with it I'm not saying that college NFL there's something like there's similar to the same sport Like there's a lot of differences the speeds a lot different But um, he came like he's played the position for he's lost big games. He's won big games He's had ups. He's had downs.  I can't imagine I really can't being in a work. It's a work situation.  How do you do it? I know you're like, I love everybody Is there a conversation that happens that's just like it's a businessman or like what? I'm gonna support all my teammates. I'm gonna give them all love The only way that I can be successful really at my job is if whoever's playing quarterback throws me the ball So I've out of like I've loved all my quarterbacks from cj.  It'd be a different situation. I was the only the guy who Didn't treat his teammates the right way.  So I'm gonna support them as best as I can I love Trey. I love jimmy. I love cj. Bethard. I love rock pretty like they're all great people So I just want them all succeed so then I can win suitable I love hearing that and it's the perfect answer And that's why you're so successful and no one deserves it more and you're such a freaking hard work And we love you here on the show. I want to ask you this like Dave Davis after you're incredible Um What up gave babies who who here that did you see this week that you loved seeing more than anybody? Oh besides you. Yeah, my mom. You're the best. My mom said to tell you hi by the way. Oh, yeah, she's watching. I've never met your mom I've met your dad. My mom loves you. I'm in love with fair kiddo I was like you for fair. Who was I really excited to see? Um, oh my gosh, I met Sean Alexander yesterday for the first time. How's that? It was really cool I don't remember sports illustrated for kids. Yes So like I was a diehard reader of that like I love that so much But there was an article there with Sean Alexander about his pregame meal And it was a huge poster of him in a full uniform in the middle of Seattle stadium Even a big plate of spaghetti and meatballs. I don't know why I hung it on my wall But I'll never forget that as a kid and I met him yesterday. I told him I he was like, honestly, you're not the first person that I was like, dude shot. Awesome You're like am I the first person with rug wrap pajamas? George came up with all the spice. Maybe we'll come down here. Do you see Dave Davis? Oh, I'd love to see your little pong game. Let's go George. Get a little bit I have to work out. I don't know your name is George. Hey, would you like a beanie? Yes, I was like, this one or the which one do you like better? I'm gonna give you both one for you and Claire There you go. Claire killer. We love you. We do. All right, come down here. All right, I'm gonna let George get the benefit of watching you go first. You have 30 seconds Let me just take you through this. Here's the leaderboard. I saw McCaffrey did it, right? McCaffrey did it and got a cam Jordan did it after three shots of tequila And he just did this with his massive hands This and threw them and so did Nate Burleson and that's how he did so well today. So it's up to you Do it however you want to do it. Let me hold this for you All right, let's do it and then you're gonna go George Is there an elbow's rule here? I don't know. I'm trying to figure out what the winner wins My boyfriend is really trying to get in a lot of air. Can you let me cook? He's getting a little thirsty over there swaggering. I'm kidding. Get on over here. All right. We ready? Yeah, I'll start on you I'll start on me Okay, on the release. Don't feel the pressure. Okay, do it. Oh, there's no pressure there. Let's go Whoa Oh Okay, we got Yeah, not probably the not that's not it. That's probably why I got zero Oh my god You got this you got this you got 10 seconds five Five Five seconds. Gabe, Gabe, Gabe, Gabe. I'll put a big seven heel All right George, you got to go. Yeah, so let's do it. What was the best way to do that game? Okay, but from all once All right, let's do this Swaggy, baby come over here Didn't I tell you that I was gonna work on morning? What are you doing? Oh, there we go. Gosh, my boyfriend will leave me alone. Are we like insta official now? Was it a soft launch or a hard launch? I don't even know. No, I didn't. All right. All right. We're gonna start Let's go. I'll start it on you, George. You think it's gonna do okay? Yeah, baby. It's good to see why it's so much fun last night. All right Let's go Let's go Maybe bounce it. Oh Buckets George, George, George, George, George, George, George, George Come on, kiddo. Come on, kiddo. Come on, kiddo.  This is an athlete Five, four, three Yeah All right, that's doing the best. Thank you. All right. Gabe, David, this is up next. Thank you guys. You guys are wonderful See you next time up in Adams Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Here we go. Let's go.  This is Gabe Davis game How are you enjoying Super Bowl week? Okay. Good. You know having fun had a fun night. Yeah You know glad to be here on the show. How much sleep did you get last night? Gabe Davis?  Yes mom. I love you I'm glad That you get to see me on the show with your favorite person ever k k's been Amazing from the jump ever since I came into the nfl. She's shown me nothing but love support You know ups and downs. She's always been by my side. So got nothing but love Oh, love Mr. Gabe Davis and the whole Davis family. Okay. Let's talk about this season They feels like you took a leap josh allen every year it takes a leap You really did that you got on the map with him and it's sort of a different way. What was behind that? um You know again Just me being being on the team for now for the past three years and being able to be in the offense for Three years and be around the guys more and get to know him and uh, you know, obviously get the reps in So I you know, it's a whole process of development process.  Uh, I feel like I'm like josh is like Top five like the best people in his life ever So I feel like me and him have a connection. Just like I'm such a great person You know, I mean and me and him are so relatable. Okay. I feel like, you know, that's why you know me and him are Do you know again? But take me into that. What makes you one of the best people in his life? um I would say like I like our sense of humor the way we look at life the way we Approach life. I feel like it's all the same and again.    Yeah, we just kick it. Yeah, probably kick it at you know josh house is way bigger than my house So, you know, we go kick it at his house and you know, there's everything at his house that we can do Uh, okay, whatever your mom tells you before these big playoff games works because you show out In the the more the most in the biggest spots Okay wild card on against the dolphins. I'm gonna look at your 2022 Gabe Davis script. Let's tee it up. This is a script that was handed to you before the season and here it is I mean you drove the dagger gave Davis through Miami's upset bid So talk to me about this. This is some tow drag swag Nick broson would say. Oh, yeah. Yeah. Um, I don't know. I feel like Uh The playoffs add extra juice to you know guys try to say each game is the same. I said once you get in the Playoffs there's always some extra juice going on Oh, it's some extra motivation.  It shows how good of a player you are What are we supposed to call you in these playoff games? Is it playoff game?  Okay, mama. That's what we're calling him from now on You know, that's what we do. Um, what do you Make sitting now.  You're at school. It's great. But that loss Does it sting still or you passed it? How do you deal with that kind of thing? I mean when I when I pulled up Uh, and I walked into the airport and I saw the chiefs and the eagle stuff going on I mean it just then I hung out with my guy Kenny Kenny game with me and him a real close. Um But it just hurts my stomach real bad every time I you know see some stuff going on or again I even saw Kenny last night. I was and I was you know feeling it just because you know Um, the guys that I play with and what we're doing what we sacrifice, you know, obviously I would love to be in this position to be able to play in the Super Bowl and you know all this It's nothing compared to being those guys on sunday, so it's it's uh It definitely it definitely uh hurts, but you know, it is what it is What kind of things are you thinking about when you see that like what's the upsetting for do you think of a play? Do you think of a moment you think of the bangles game? What do you think about? Yeah, I mean I just yeah, I mean you you always think of what what you could have done better Um to put your team in a better situation Yourself and then what we could have done better as a team and But you know again, you just got to learn from these experiences and be able to roll over and What's the positive game? What's the positive you can take from that to build and go forward? The positive is that you know, you're capable of doing it You know, you just got to you just got to find those pieces and put them together and be able to uh You know again, this is the this is the best game in the world and this is the number one game to watch in the world and um It's it's hard to get here. We all know that but at the end of the day we got to know that All we have to do is sacrifice To be able to get in this position because this is the best position to be It's so true now. I know you love me, but you probably love rihanna a little bit more So talk to me at this halftime show. Are you excited? What should she sing? Of course should she bring out? Of course rihanna is the og Yes, um Got a lot of love for actually met her two years ago. Um, it was pretty pretty cool at the rock nation branch I was able to meet her and meet a lot of other people, but uh, very humble Sweet woman from what I remember Um, I told them that they that she should bring me out there Would you would you you would sing you and her would look good for sure Yeah, me and her would look good. Um, if she needs me to hit a couple notes, I will Can we hit that's do I mean she could still change you and get you and let's hit a couple notes here What do you want to sing?  See my name, what? Any song give me anything you want to sing Cam Jordan and mark Ingram are wild and singing on this set.  Bruno Mars. That might be my last seconds of my super bowl week We're going to be playoff. No, it's our big game. Gabe singing Bruno flowers to me. Yes Bruno flowers Bruno Mars and cheers. Thank you to Gabe Davis. Thank you to everybody who's it's kind of Quiet here on a Monday Please When terry gets interviewed like you just go I knew it was over if he didn't make it made a minute to say Hey cheers to you cheers There we go, you want to get down and tone that tighter properly I don't know what I was saying what I was thinking about. I was just lit, you know He once told me he was going to come to my wedding You know, there was no jade cutting. I didn't talk to him for another three years until I got traded from the Miami Dolphin to the Chicago Bay So this is for america, baby But top i'm going to take that picture of you and your underwear. I'm just going to throw it out there I'm going to get it out of my head. We got this smoke coming for you. You hear this jerry golf He was such a good year over there in Detroit.  Yo, lately I've been feeling like it's me versus me Jerry Spuller had fun in college. What about okay, you didn't have fun in college?  What have I been up to? Carmen everybody Do we see these guys wearing orange with this guy with a visor you and a bronco's visor at camp white Oh, it'll be right really they're just orange juice. Don't freak out everybody


I want to offer another example that you might not be familiar with, and this is called the ring of Gaussian integers. It's commonly denoted as Z bracket I, where this I is understood to be the to be a complex unit that is a square root of negative one. So the ring of Gaussian integers, that's what they're named after Gauss, of course, the ring of Gaussian integers Z sub I, this would be all the integer combinations of an integer with a purely imaginary number. So that is to say all the numbers of the form a plus bi, where a and b are both integers. This thing kind of resembles the complex numbers, right? Because the complex numbers as a set can be described as all of the numbers of the form x plus yi, where x and y are arbitrary real numbers. So the complex numbers are forms by taking linear combinations of real numbers and purely imaginary numbers, where those coefficients of the real part or the purely imaginary part could be any real number. The Gaussian integers are by analog here, but now our combinations is the real part is an integer, and the imaginary part is also an integer. It turns out that this is an integral domain. For the same reason that the integers are an integral domain, the Gaussian integers form a subfield of C. And so if there was a product of two Gaussian integers that equal to zero, then we'd have a product of two complex numbers which are equal to zero, which can't happen because the complex numbers form a field. The ring, or I should say the domain of Gaussian integers is a very important ring in the study of number theory, and particularly in algebraic number theory. I want to mention that the Gaussian integers, they're an integral domain, just like the integers, but they're not a field. There do exist Gaussian integers that don't have multiplicative inverses. In fact, the number of units inside the Gaussian ring is actually really, really small. The integers only have two units plus or minus one. Gaussian integers actually have four units, plus or minus one, and plus or minus i. We know those to be units. One and negative one are their own inverses, multiplicatively speaking. And then of course, i times negative i is equal to one. So i and negative i are inverses of each other. And these are the only ones. How does one prove that? Because after all in the complex numbers, everything is a unit other than zero. But if you have to use integers as your coefficients, why that one? Why can't you have more? And so I want to introduce a technique that we're going to return to later on in this series. And it's the idea of using a modulus, something that kind of mimics an absolute value. So when it comes to complex numbers, we can introduce this norm, sometimes called that too. And as such, they often use the Greek letter nu. So norm. So we introduce a norm on the complex numbers. So the norm of a complex number z, we define to be the absolute value of z squared, commonly referred to as the modulus. It's a generalization absolute value, right? So this is a Gaussian integer a plus bi. In particular, this is equal to the complex number times by its complex conjugate. So when you have a complex number here, its norm is the square root of a squared plus b squared. So you square it together, it's, well, excuse me, you square the real part, imaginary part, add it together, take the square root, that's its norm. But this sum of squares a squared plus b squared, this is equivalent to the product a plus bi times its complex conjugate. And no stipulation on the numbers a and b needs to be here. This is just how the number i works. And so in particular, if you take the norm of a Gaussian integer, this will give you a sum of squares of integer. So in particular, it'll be a non-negative integer. I guess it could be zero, of course, it could be a natural number if you have, if z is zero itself. But if z is a nonzero Gaussian number, Gaussian number, then its modulus will be something, it'll be a positive integer. So in particular, nu of z is always greater than equal to zero. Now what's interesting about this norm, aka this modulus, is that it's multiplicative, that if I take two different, or it could be even the same, but if I take two complex numbers c and w, the norm of z times w is the norm of z times the norm of w. This is exactly how absolute value behaves on real numbers.  That's a very important observation there. This norm very much mimics that. And so I also want to point out to you that if z is a unit, if z is a Gaussian number, a Gaussian integer with a multiplicative inverse, because of this factorization, the norm of z times the norm of z inverse, this is the norm of z z inverse, which z z inverse is one, the norm of one is itself one. So if you have a multiplicative inverse, then the product of the two norms is equal to one. But the norm has to be an integer by our previous observations. So how many integer equations are there to the equation a square plus b square equals one? So in number theory, we refer to this as a data fontine equation. We look for only integer solutions, integer choices for a, integer choices for b. And the only possible way is one of these squares is one, one of these squares is zero, which leads to four possibilities where you get one, negative one, i, and negative i.


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Hello, my name's Helen Lentl, I'm the Fellow in Distance Learning at the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. I'm here in Vancouver with the Commonwealth of Learning where we're working on a video project about leadership and management in distance learning. I'm joined today by Alison Needritchison who has a vast experience in various roles in distance learning. Welcome Alison. Thanks Helen. Alison, you've had a diverse and varied career in distance learning. Can you briefly describe this for us? I moved into distance learning from a background in video production and corporate communication. I started at the University of Bath where I was manager for flexibility in learning in higher education, a higher education funding council research project. Then I was given the opportunity to work in Namibia in Africa as the technical advisor for the Namibian College of Open Learning and I did that for three years and I learned an enormous amount there. I stayed in Africa for 10 years working on a range of different projects for development partners such as European Union, DFID, African Development Bank, ILO and I worked in Zambia, Botswana, Rwanda, Namibia, South Africa and also the Solomon Islands. I've managed projects in teacher education in open schooling, in tertiary education, adult basic education and also more recently in technical and vocational education and then in 2009 I moved to COAL to be the education specialist for technical and vocational education. I currently manage projects in about 15 Commonwealth countries in technical and vocational education, distance education. Thanks Alison, very interesting. In what way is distance learning different to conventional face-to-face provision? There are many differences between distance education and conventional education. For me one of the most important is the difference in the teaching and learning process. With distance education learners need to take more responsibility for their learning and teachers need to let go a little bit and teachers, the teachers role is changed quite considerably. The teaching and learning happens through the materials which have to be produced way in advance of the actual process happening and so teachers have to put in, have to have this sort of systematic approach to developing the learning content so that the students have this interactive experience. So both teachers and students need capacity building, need training, need sensitizing to these new roles. Another difference is in the management processes. There are all kinds of organizational structures which are different with distance education and from an institutional point of view those need to be managed differently. For example team working. Conventional education tends to rely on an individual teacher who goes into a classroom, closes the door and what goes on in that classroom is the business of that teacher. Whereas with distance education a whole group of people, different people are involved in in the teaching and learning materials production and that process of team working has to be managed quite carefully. Can you expand a bit more on how these differences impact on the management and leadership of distance learning provision? Otto Peters talked about distance learning as the industrialized form of of education and what he meant by that was there's a whole new system involved you know we've got specialization, high division of labor, mechanization, automation and it's it's that that leads us into the need for a course team made famous by British Open University and and their approach to course team development. So the impact for managers is dealing with the way that their teachers and the support staff and the other professionals are involved in this teaching and learning process and for some institutions that's quite problematic because particularly government institutions who are starting you know going dual mode those kinds of roles don't exist in the government staff establishment so there is a need for changes at all sorts of levels so that you've got appropriate staff with appropriate skills different skills all working together to produce a high quality teaching and learning experience for the learners. There are other differences to do with the cost structure I think that most people don't realize that distance education has a different cost structure from conventional education with distance education you need a large injection of cash at the start of the process writers have to be paid materials have to be printed or produced distance learning and e-learning materials have to be developed and all of this has to be paid for and made ready in advance of any learners enrolling for a course and any fees being paid so governments need to recognize the need for solid financial models and and robust funding mechanisms to enable that that cash to be available in order for the system to work with conventional education the funding the highest cost element is staff salaries and that's more or less fixed on a monthly basis and governments know exactly how much that's going to be each month and with conventional education then the fees are paid upfront and and the cost structure is is more manageable so there has to be that recognition of this difference and unfortunately governments and institutions try to squeeze a new model of distance education into an old financial model of conventional education and it ends up with distance education programs being underfunded under resourced not having the right staff and of course it's extremely difficult to produce a quality following on from this Allison what are the common mistakes that are made in distance learning probably the most common mistake is putting too much emphasis on the materials part of distance education developing materials is is costly it's time consuming it takes a lot of effort and institutions when they're beginning with distance education tend to really seriously focus on that aspect and neglect the the other two very important parts which are management and administration systems and learner support systems in Africa we use an image of an African three-legged stool and we say that the three legs must be equally strong and robust otherwise the stool is not going to be able to do its job and that that seems to help people and so I would say that's that's the most common mistake that can be mitigated of course if you ensure that your management systems are as strong and as well developed and you give as much attention to them as you do to your materials development the other common mistake is underestimating the amount of time that it takes to develop materials if you've not done this before teachers seem to think well we you know we develop materials all the time for teaching and learning but particularly with a team approach it does take longer because other people are involved and different specialist roles are involved and so most managers institutional managers do underestimate just how long it's going to take from designing a distance learning course to actually being able to offer it and quite often institutions get forced by you know policymakers to launch programs long before they're actually ready I have been involved in many programs where we've been forced to launch when we've only got the first module ready and it's not a nice experience so those are the most common mistakes in terms of of institutions the other common mistake I think is that there's this idea in circulation in governments that distance education is is cheaper than than conventional education research carried out by rumble and cool has shown in in open schooling for example indeed secondary education can be provided through distance learning at about two two-thirds of the cost of conventional education but that can only happen when you've got certain management systems in place when you've got robust financial models in place and there are good quality assurance mechanisms and I think also in terms of institutions that's another another mistake that's often made which is not using quality criteria as your your planning planning tool and we tend to focus on quality criteria for distance education developed by Nadiosa which is the national association of distance education organizations in southern Africa and they have a very comprehensive set of quality criteria which make a good planning tool as well as a good monitoring and evaluation tool so what advice would you give to distance learning leaders both institutional leaders and government leaders oh there's a range of advice that that we give leaders of institutions and government people involved in distance education distance education is usually employed to meet national objectives of increasing access to various education systems I'm reminded of something Tony Dodds wrote in the open school where he said that you know one of the critical success factors is that there is this robust funding model for from government to the institution all the things that we've talked about earlier of ensuring that distance education is properly resourced but Tony also drew attention to the idea of institutional leadership being innovative and entrepreneurial and this is certainly something that we found in the TVA institutions that we work with institutions need to take a different approach a different view of the learner it's the learner as a customer and you know you don't see that so much in conventional education but it's absolutely critical in in well functioning distance education systems institutions need to provide a service to their learners and this is quite a change for both ministry people as well as institutional managers as we said earlier there's a strong focus on staff development when you're introducing a distance education system but it tends to be focused on at the institutional level so the teachers and the managers get a lot of capacity building and the advice I would give is to ensure that policymakers and ministry officials also get that staff development are also exposed to you know the differences between conventional and distance education in order that they can help to manage the process ministry officials are responsible for monitoring and evaluation for accreditation systems and for the policies that guide you know educational provision so if they don't understand and buy in to distance education methodologies as much as institutional staff and managers then there's a mismatch so I think that's probably the strongest advice I would give staff development for ministry officials but also cultivating that innovation and entrepreneurial spirit because that's what will help to make it a viable business model and ultimately sustainable because the importance of distance education is that in the long term through these new teaching and learning methodologies we will actually be able to provide quality education to the increasing number of people who need it. Many thanks Alison for sharing your insights with us today I know that people who've seen this video will learn a lot from you I certainly have thank you thank you


A federal high court has shared the judgment for September 10 in the suit by ex-Abbia State Governor Ojirozo Kahlo against his retrial. Justice Inyang Aikwo chose the date after entertaining final arguments from lawyers representing parties. By the suit, Kahlo is challenging his planned retrial by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, EFCC, on a 7.1 billion Naira fraud case. After the Supreme Court voided his earlier trial in conviction along with two others. The ex-Governor who hinged his case on section further six of section nine of the Constitution argued that being tried, convicted, and sentenced on same charges by the Court under justice, M.B. Idris, it would amount to double jeopardy if he is objected to a first trial on same charge. Kahlo was charged and tried with his firm, Sloganitari Limited, and a next finance director in the state, Udejunt Udogo for derelict complicity in diverting the 7.1 billion Naira from Abia State's coffers. They were convicted and while Kahlo and Udogo were imprisoned, Slog was wound up.


Good starring, tailing, makes me feel like I'm a kid. Just be careful, don't press one. Okay. Yeah. So I'm calling my, my name is Darryl, I'm the founder of Neo Deck. Maybe you just press the button. Yeah, I'll just press the button. This is a bit funky. Yeah. So I'm calling my presentation a life of colour. It's a pun because I sell colour cosmetics. But I'll explain a bit more later as well why I'm calling it that. So my background is a little bit, I stumbled into entrepreneurship. So I was an accidental entrepreneur. My last year of university in 2011 was kind of just looking for an extra way to make extra cash. My girlfriend at that point of time, who is now my wife, she had been buying a lot of nail polish and I was like, what, what, I should start selling nail polish. It's an easy product to make money from. So, so that's what I did. I was lucky. I brought in a brand from the US. So, and it was called Blaze and I was very lucky to supply it to Zalora in 2011. And that gave me the confidence to do the business full time after I graduated. I expanded quite quickly, opening push cuts. In fact, one of my customers, very first few customers is here today. And so I think this is kind of the overview. Like I just wanted to showcase like Neodeck through the years, how it started from a very traditional business, B2B distribution, opening up a push cut, three push cuts and how it evolved to what it is today. So I guess I just wanted to share what happened and what went wrong for the business. I was young, you know, at the start I was really young and impatient for results, you know. I expanded very quickly and hired too many people, spent all my cash on bringing in new brands when I didn't know if they would sell. So in the end, I ended up with a few thousand bottles in my bedroom, couldn't sell, ran out of cash and had to think of something else to do. So I decided to put a business at home and then I went to work for a local VC, Cartwright.Ventures. And back then, one of the investments that my company, the company I worked for, did was in this very successful hardware 3D printer company. It did very well on Kickstarter. So I was just like, okay, I'm going to do that too. I'm going to do a hardware startup. We called it an espresso for nails. It was going to dispense custom nail polish. And I brought in a co-founder. He was a chemical engineer with a master's. And, you know, I literally went around pitching to investors with just this 3D rendering. It's actually an espresso machine. We just kind of tweaked it and like went around pitching and sort of going to events and talking about it. Like, I'm going to build this. I'm going to build this. And I guess it's quite embarrassing to talk about that now.  I was like, yeah, I'm going to do it. I'm going to raise half a million dollars and get somebody to build it for me. And I guess at that age, yeah, it seemed like a reality, but on hindsight it's not. So we were just selling hot air. None of us had any experience running this hardware startup. Fortunately for us, for me, my partner who I brought in, he's actually really a very smart guy. So we had this color matching algorithm at the back. And we managed to get a small grant from the government, $50,000. And we managed to pivot a little bit to come out with this e-commerce app, which is still on the App Store, I think. It is still on the App Store, but it's a little bit different now. So it was an e-commerce shopping app, M-commerce shopping app, you know, allowed you to take pictures of items and color match it to the nail polish. So it was actually not bad.  Being the CEO of the company, I kind of thought that I should be focusing on raising funds. That seems like the only logical job for a startup CEO to do at that point of time.  Like actually talking to customers and trying to get users on board. I left that all. My interns could do that. So it was kind of like, I was leaving the most important thing to the interns. Nothing against interns, which is I should be doing it as well. And I didn't. So we were focusing on everything. I was talking to the media.  And a lot of the future was hinged on closing that round of investments. So obviously in the end, it didn't happen. I ran out of cash. Again, Michael found the other guy that had to leave for family reasons.  So he had to leave and I had to let the team go. So not as dramatic as an ending as Stalings. I was a little bit depressed, but probably not as bad. I was kind of like, just for me, it was kind of like, it's five years since I brought in my first brand of nail polish that since I sold my first model. And I was kind of, I felt like I was kind of back to square one again as well. And I, yeah, I wanted to stop. I wanted to quit. I just wanted to go and get a job just to share a bit at that point of time. All this happened at the same time when my co-founder left. I got the keys to my HTTP flat. So not a small sum. And I actually delayed the key collection so that I don't have to start paying the mortgage, the bank loan, right? So delayed it by six months. Actually, I just moved in two weeks ago. So left it empty for six months. I had a kid six months old at that point of time. Cute little bugger, but they're not cheap. They cost, and they just get older and older. So, you know, you start thinking about that, like, oh my God, all these fees, you know. And so, yeah, I really, really wanted to just get a job first. You know, I love what I did. It just didn't seem like I was a very good entrepreneur at that point of time. Yeah, so this was sort of like the struggle I was facing. Eventually, I did continue. And I had three main reasons for that and the takeaway I have. So for me, I was very, very lucky to have a very supportive wife. And I write hope for the right people in your life, because I think it's quite hard to intentionally find a wife that would support you. So, I mean, we've been together for a long time, and she was there when I first started. So, you know, she was like, if you quit now, all those weekends we could have gone to watch movies together, all those nights that we could have helped hug out when you were working would all have been wasted, right?  And she encouraged me to continue. And I did. I mean, if she didn't, I wouldn't have stopped. I wouldn't be here. So yeah, hope for the right people in your life. Hope they support you. This was the other thing. I felt that I was not completely honest about myself and the business that I wanted to run. I just kept reading things in tech in Asia in E27 and thinking that's how everything should be done. You know, raising a large amount of money from brand name VCs. And then because I came from the VC world, because I worked for VC for two years, I did have a lot of connections to a lot of VCs. So I kept pulling on all those connections and I kept calling them up and I kept pitching to them because I just felt, I just thought that was the only way to go. Raise the money, hire the people, get into the job and then sit back and let the company run. So the truth of the matter is, I mentioned earlier, I spent 80% of my time engaging investors. I actually hated it, I dreaded going for all these meetings. I dreaded asking them for money, I dreaded negotiating valuations. I just, yeah, I didn't enjoy it. And so I thought back to how I first started NIODA in 2011. I started with $6,000. And I was like, yeah, I don't need VC money. I don't really enjoy investing for that. I just plug into my savings, delay my home loan. And that's what I did. I just sort of like, I just didn't feel that, sorry, how do I say it? I think previously I felt that that not being able to raise money from a VC was a shameful thing for an entrepreneur. And I think there's no shame in running a business that's not VC funded personally. So this leads me to my last point, which is to really sort of understand what entrepreneurship means for you. At least for myself, I didn't understand what it meant for me the first six years. I just started it as a way to just make extra money, extra pocket money. So for me, it was always an alternative career path. It was always this other thing that I can do as opposed to, say, going to work for another company. And I think when I hit rock bottom, instead of what I was really faced with, the decision of whether I should continue or not, I realized how much entrepreneurship meant to me on a personal level. And I see it as this... I see NEODAG as this tool. Sorry, I'm trying to articulate it properly. So what entrepreneurship means for me is really this tool that can help me hack the world, the lives that I want to create. I want to have the best of both of us. I want to have a colorful life, something that's more than just about my work. Not that I don't enjoy it, but maybe I'm greedy. I want to have a good fulfilling work life. And I want to spend good time with my family, building relationships. I want to explore the richness and vastness of the world. Traveling, I want to do... I do triathlon. I want to one day be able to compete in the IMN triathlon in Hawaii. There's a lot of things that I want to do. I want to learn how to cook, I want to learn how to do deep-sea diving. And I want to have a fulfilling career as well. And I'm not saying you can't do that by working for others. It's just that I personally feel that there's less factors involved if I'm doing it myself, if I'm running the show myself. So that's really what it means to me. And when I think of it from that perspective, and I don't know how many of you would agree or disagree with me, when I think of it from that perspective, that entrepreneurship is a tool to help me achieve the lifestyle I want to create, then giving up is not an option anymore. Continuing on is not an option.  So for all of you who are thinking of quitting or stopping or pivoting or doing something else, I guess if you can really truly understand what your startup means to you, and is it for myself, it was previously just a thing to make money. But now it comes from a deeper place. It comes from a point where I want to be able to come home to spend time with my family. It's not that I work less. It's just I have more flexibility in time. I can choose to come home earlier on a Thursday afternoon but work later on a Saturday night or something like that. That's how I view it. So continuing on is not an option. It's a necessity. I have a code to end it as well. It's one of the codes that I think about a lot.  And that's kind of stuck in my head. So yeah, this is Nail Deck today. Hopefully it's going to be the final version of it. We are brand of its own. Starting to sell a couple of retailers looking at overseas markets and hoping to build up the business to a point where it's growing and bigger. Yeah, that's about it. Thank you very much. So the thing about Nail Deck is that I've known him for about a few years now and I've seen you on the surface right. Seeing from Facebook posts and everything. I actually didn't know that this was the struggles that he's been going through the past few years. So I think it's something that we constantly want to share right now which is on the surface everything can seem great but even to your friends who see you passing it every few weeks we might not know this. So now I'd like to open the floor for any questions that we have for Daryl based on what you just heard. Is there anything that you'd like to ask him right now? Oh wait, that's one question. Awesome. Oh yeah, you like it? She was just asking what colour was Daryl having on his fingers? So Nail Deck is a... We produce our own colours. We are a custom cosmetics company. So we produce four clients. One of our key clients is Singapore Airlines and Silver. And we have an app that you can take a picture of anything. Take a picture of this and send it to me and I'll make the photo of your polish in that colour for you. So we produce everything ourselves. We have our own proprietary way of making our nail polish. And yeah, also 9-3, if you guys know what that means means it's free of the 9 main harmful chemicals. Vegan cruelty free as well. So I test out my own products. It's kind of like a sales thing that I do. So it's easier to convince my customers if I'm using it myself.  And I do. I do. I actually really like it. And yeah, there's no name for it. It's kind of a colour I was experimenting with. Thank you Daryl. So we want to applause to Daryl.


My fellow Charlotte Hornet fans, God, we were so close. The Spurs might have won the lottery, aka the Wimbanyama sweepstakes, but Charlotte, we still got a good player on the way. I don't think you can go wrong with either Scoot Henderson or Brandon Miller. Right now, the odds in the Fandall Sports Book are shown an early edge to Scoot Henderson minus 170 to go number two overall. Who would be your pick right now to go number two overall in the draft?