Good evening. How are you? Sir, I am good sir. Good. You are attending this mock phone where? Sir, presently I am in Delhi. Where? Delhi? Yes sir. Yes sir. So can you please introduce yourself to the board? A brief introduction about yourself. Yes sir. Sir, I am from Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. I have completed my schooling from Navadevitalai. I am a textile engineer and PhD in Strategic Alliances. I have also worked for three years in textile industry. And so last year I have joined Indian Railway Traffic Services. Presently I am on leave. Okay. James, so this is your last attempt or? So this is your last attempt now? So this is my third attempt sir, not last attempt. Third attempt. Hopefully this should be the last and you will make it. So it is a competitive game. We will see what happens. I am preparing. Life is competitive. Life is competitive. It is like that only. Sir, the deserving should get into services. So Kanpur you are referring to like, can you give me something for historical importance of Kanpur? Yes sir. Echo is there. Are you able to hear me? Yes sir, I can hear you clearly. Kanpur, any historical importance of the city? Kanpur? Yes sir. Can you give me some perspective on the city? Yes sir. The origins lie in the name of Hindu Raja of Sachendi dynasty who established it. But it gained the prominence during British era and especially after the mutiny of 1857. They converted it into a very strong hold with cantonment and then the textile industry boomed here along with the leather industry to fulfill the military needs. And so they are on a major industrial hub and today it is also an economic hub and dedicated freight corridor will pass through it along with the defence corridor. Something happened during the Second World War which brought a lot of industry to Kanpur. I think I have got field gun factories there, government parachute factories there, so many factories are there. So what was that which triggered it? It was all in Kolkata. It shifted from there to Kanpur. What was the reason for that, shifting all those defence industries during the Second World War? Yes sir. It was expected that an attack may come from the eastern side. So ordinary factory works, one of the factories is established in Kanpur to fulfill the artillery requirement and some tank spare requirement. It was the Japanese nearly almost Kolkata. Yes sir. So British were afraid that all these factories were shifted that side. Yes sir. Any famous personality in India now from Kanpur? Very high position now. Kanpur? From Kanpur-Dehat region, we have our President. Thank you. Mr. Sarangi sir. Over to Mr. Sarangi. Sarangi sir is for you sir. Please unmute your mic sir. You can just call and tell. Yes sir. Or we can go to Ganapati sir first. Okay am I audible now? Yes sir. Am I audible? Yes sir. Okay very nice. So I find from your bad data you have taken philosophy optional. Sorry sir I could not hear the last five. You have taken philosophy optional. Yes sir. Yes sir. How and why? Sir I just love the subject when I was in the free to choose one subject. I looked into the syllabus and today I find it has made my civil services preparation journey really joyful and very meaningful and to a large extent sir it has transformed me. So in the hindsight it was a very wonderful choice. It has given me wonderful ideas to think about and helps me all the time. Okay okay. Existence precedes a sense. Can you explain the statement? Yes sir. The existentialist like Heidegger Sartre they talked about that existence comes prior to the essence. That human beings no matter how much we strive for self essentialism but the fact that the way we interpret our past and foresee our future is nothing but a string of choices. So we have to make our being by acting into this world and therefore sir concept of freedom becomes very important in existentialism. Okay existence precedes essence. How do you explain it very simply in a very simple language? Sir I have to exist first to have a core essence in me. The individual precedes the group. Isn't it? Yes sir. It could be interpreted in this sense also. Okay okay very nice. How does can't answer the fundamental question? Can't say that understanding makes nature out of things which it doesn't make. How do you explain this? Sir previously and before the can't we always thought that mind has to reach through to the nature to understand it but he completely reversed this model and he said that things have to come pass through our mind and various categories to make sense. For example we are not in space and time but space and time are within us. Every observation that we make is always a stamp spaced as well as timed. What is the thing in itself? Sir it is the nominal which is unknown and unknowable that when we look at the things it is always conditioned with our subjectivity. However a thing in itself is a pure entity which we are completely unable to understand. Okay okay okay. Pakistan has got how many provinces? Sir I can start recounting the Baluchistan province and the province and Northwest Frontier province. What is the name? What is the new name of Northwest Frontier province? Sir Khaybar Pakhtunkhwa I think it is. Yes yes yes and Punjab these four were there. Yes. Now Gilgit Baltistan is also added. Sir yes sir it is a temporary status though. The fifth province that they have declared. So how is India related? That is my question. My question is how is India related? Sir it is a completely matter of concern for us. It passes through our sovereign region and it is a matter of territorial integrity and sovereignty for us. Supposing that would have been a part of India. What would have been the advantage to India? Sir. Gilgit Baltistan. Yes sir. What Pakistan was calling it? What name did they give it earlier? Sir Azad Pakistan I think that. No no it was called Northern areas. Northern areas. Northern areas is different from Azad Kashmir. So Northern areas. Sir now if that really belongs to India. Because that is a part of on divided Jammu and Kashmir earlier. Yes sir. Yes sir. So that they have occupied and that has become a part of Pakistan now. Supposing that would have been a part of India. India would have that in Jammu and Kashmir. What is the advantage? Sir our connectivity with the Central Asian region. The Tajikistan belt we could have approached easily to go into Afghanistan. Afghanistan because we have a border with Afghanistan technically 150 kilometers. So we have overseas air force base also in the Tajikistan sir. It would have been strategically very important to connect with the Central Asia also. And sir also security point of view because it lies along the tri-junction of the China, India and Pakistan. Why Central Asia is important to India? Sir Siachi English. Central India is important to Asia. Why? Important to India. Why? Sir Central Asia or Central India sir? Central Asia. Central Asia. You said that you would have gone to Central Asia from Afghanistan. Why Central Asia is important to India? Sir Central Asia is an extended neighborhood. We have civilizational ties and sir apart from this it's an energy basket. The Kazakhstan has immense uranium resources. Tajikistan has gas reserves with itself and we enjoy a goodwill there. So there is an electricity grid which is called KASA, Central Asia, South Asia. So it is extremely energy rich. That area is energy rich both uranium and other gas etc. So that would have benefited India like anything. But what has Pakistan done? Sir the area comes within their side of the border on the left side of the POK. So now CPEC passes through it with China administered. So it is a contested region as of now. What is their border agreement in 1963? 2nd March 1963 Pakistan and China have entered into border transfer agreement. What is that? Sir I am forgetting exactly the name. It is on the western side of Siachi. It is called Sakaskam Valley. Yes Sakaskam Valley sir. That is the name. What happened to that? What happened to Sakaskam Valley? Sir it was given to China. Around 5,100 square kilometers that is very important. Yes sir it is very important. And other three small valleys were also given. But that is the biggest amongst them. And there is a clause in that agreement that clause recognizes that this is a disputed area. And later on when the dispute is settled then China will negotiate with the concerned authorities. That is there is a clause 5 or 6 of that agreement that says clearly that this is a disputed area. Yes sir. So if Gilgit Baltistan would have been part of India, China and Pakistan would have no connectivity. The Karakoram highway etc would not have been there. Yes sir it connects the Xinjiang. It is the connecting link between China and Pakistan. And now CPC, China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Yes sir. Okay. Thank you, thank you. Thank you sir. Thank you. Mr. Dhanupati sir. You are from Uttar Pradesh right? Yes sir. What is the specialty on that? Sir Dhami Kistupa. Sir I am forgetting in which era it was built. But I remember that during the visit of one of the Mughal emperors, its revamping revival had happened. So my knowledge is limited. I remember it was in news and it is a very important heritage of our country. Okay. So have you heard about this Disaster Amendment Act 2005? Yes sir. What is that? Sir it provides a legislative institutional framework for effective interstate and district coordination to handle the disaster related situations. Okay. The government of India they have announced that the paradigm shift after this disaster amendment bill passed. What is the paradigm shift? Sir to my mind I think when we shifted from the reactive approach to more proactive preparedness based approach where we had disaster response force, national institute of disaster management and district labour mitigation funds, disaster management funds. So this created a space where disaster was put at the heart of our developmental policies following the Nagoya Polona. So I am forgetting the name of the Japanese agreement that was there. Yes sir. Yes sir. Thank you sir. Okay. And there is a Prime Minister's 10 point agenda. There is one point in that is related to women. Yes sir. What is that? Sir women should take the leadership role in the community's participation and their feedback and their experiences should be incorporated because they are the most vulnerable and worst affected sections of any disaster. Okay. In recent days you know a lot of increasing disasters. There is one recent disaster called BLOF. What is that BLOF? GLOF. BLOF. What is that? Sir, sorry sir. I have not come across this. I need to educate myself about this disaster. Maybe there was a BLOF in Uttarakhand. A lot of people died. It's a global outburst. Okay. And you are basically a textile engineer right? Yes sir. What is the geotextile? Where they use? Sir, it is a technical textile and it is used to stabilize any structure. It could be the riverbanks or the areas around the sea to prevent the coastal erosion or to prevent the fragmentation of the soil beneath the road. So we have the geotextile beneath the road also these days and also in the landslide related regions for the wall retainers. Except for these purposes it is used. Okay. My last question. So what is your opinion on women's safety in Uttar Pradesh? I think women's safety by no account is what it should be in my state. And the crime rate is really very high. Conviction rate is low. Okay. Okay. Mr. Ram. Thank you sir. Good evening Deviya Mishra. Good evening sir. How do we decide one thing as right or other thing is wrong? So please give me a moment. Okay. So we decided on the basis of the means followed and the ends pursued. How are our values formed within us? These are formed based on our social conditioning, the family systems in which we are born, our schooling, our experiences throughout our lives, the kind of things we read and how much consistent they are with what we believe. So the core peripheral beliefs which are well tested become our values. Do our civil service need philosophers? Sir absolutely sir. We have philosophy, Indian and western philosophers in our GS4 ethics paper. UPSC has given a lot of importance to the philosophy because it is not just a subject. It is a pursuit of wisdom and what is right and wrong. Please comment three sentences. Everything happens for the best. Sir it shows a positive outlook that no matter what actions have been done, something good will come out of it. But it is also overconfident a statement because it makes us immune from the consequences of our mistakes. The best painter or best artist cannot instruct the plants how to blossom. Sir we cannot be deterministic in nature. The nature has its own eternal laws through which it operates and the architect and the painter, whatever they paint, its beauty depends on the viewer which may vary. Last question. Philosophy is a waste of time. When we read philosophy we get some quotes for our conversation. That's all. Sir it could be one of the opinion when the time of crisis comes we do need more practical point of views. But sir philosophy is also investment of time. Otherwise we would not have come across values like democracy, justice and truth. All the best. Thank you. Thank you sir. Mr Hari Kiren. Misha you have selected textile technology in your Vitek and then now we are in railway traffic service and now you are aiming for the civil services. How is the journey from textile technology to railway traffic services and to the competition for civil services? Journey has been so far very rewarding. It has had a complete transforming effect on me. I feel that I have found, I think it has changed me. From sentimental I have become more sensitive. I have become more silent and observant and it has given me a lot of humility that there is so many things that I do not know. What is this global corporate tax? Sir it is in the talks now because of base erosion and profit shifting and offshoring of the profits to low tax jurisdiction. Now in the G7 meet also my various countries are coming up to settle it at 15% at the minimum level. You are in Indian railways and there is this concept called train collision avoidance system which a lot of importance is given. What is this about? Sir it is a technology in making. It is under testing by the Konkan railways and I do not know exactly the mechanics involved in it. Sir I have to study about it. You mentioned in your DAF that reflecting ideas of you will know Harari. Is politics about truth? Sir everything is about truth but when politics starts gaining power by distorting the truth then that becomes a problem. Okay. What is this build back better theme submit? What is it about? Sir it is a Japanese concept of post disaster resilience that whatever infrastructure physical or social we build it should be better. More disaster resilient and disaster proof. Why is it in use now? Sir the current context I might not be completely sure but I think because of the recent cyclones on both our posts and because us being a very cyclone, very disaster prone country it is very essential that we keep the building back better in our development agenda. Suppose if an officer made in charge of any agitation that is happening on the road people are complaining that they are not getting electricity a particular area and despite repeated their approaches to the government officers their issue is not resolved and they have come on to the roads. So what would be your approach to resolve the same? Sir if I am in the capacity of the as an administrator then my first response will be to go on the spot negotiate with them and to see that it does not explode into a law and order situation and for that I will try to arrange the police force there and because their concern is genuine sir I think it is the foremost responsibility of any responsible governance to address that issue with their leaders. So am I audible? Yeah you can please proceed. Sir I was saying that because their concern is genuine so I will try to negotiate and talk and persuade with their leaders about the grievances and I will try to fast track the grievance address and because to avoid that it should not that it does not implode into a law and order situation I will try to have sufficient number of police personnel on the ground with me. And despite your negotiations because they couldn't get an instant solution they are not able to move out of the place and the road gets blocked this is a practical situation how do you handle it? Sir road blockages also in this context Supreme Court has said that in such situation we can divert them to another predesignated area so I will try to make sure that the agitation because it is their constitutional right goes on but in some other place without blockage of the road. Okay have you heard about satellite phones? Yes sir. How do you get a license or permission for it? Sir I might be hazarding a guess I do not know I never thought of this I have to read about it. Thank you Mr. Thank you sir. Hello Mr. Divya. Yes sir. I have just two questions for you as soon as feminism in India is concerned despite a lot many efforts over the past few decades philosophically speaking where do you think we have gone wrong as a country as a nation? Sir consciousness of feminism is on the rise and I can see that within myself as well as I have two brothers so the way they treat and they believe but when I look at the lower section of the society who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and in those where women are working there is a lot of issue there is issue of institutional discrimination coded insult, glass ceiling, double standards Sir we have a lot of a long way to go. Fair enough just one more question would you rather go for a revolution through 50% reservation for women in legislatures or would you let time and evolution solve the problem that creates a better number of more number and better quality women leaders? Sir I would go for a 50% reservation on every domain on the horizontal basis because we cannot wait for that long if our country is to emerge as a powerful world leader then 50% of the population cannot wait like that it has to be fast-paced Alright thank you Mr. Ida Thank you sir Aditya just adding to that what was the gender mainstreaming? Sir Gender mainstreaming? Sir putting the gender issue on all the aspects of our policy making be it economic sphere, political sphere social sphere, education, health budgeting So that is gender mainstreaming are we practicing this in our country in our policy formulation, implementation is it being followed? Sir to a large extent we are doing that we have gender budgeting we have dedicated schemes for women for example in the standard of India scheme almost 33% of the credit of take is goes to the women and so also in SHG movement there is a large participation from the women and if we start doing some affirmative action so that this becomes a more substantive justice rather than procedural so we may have a better outlook for the women in India then empowerment? Sir enlarging the basket of choice for women Any example in India like government of India or states somebody doing? Sir we have Betty Bachao scheme so it looks into the survival protection education, sanitation all the spheres of women Just last one not the least so many women candidates getting into IS and mostly getting into IPS generally very few IPS ladies will be there but now you got around 30-40 every batch so how will the service correct the change over a period of time maybe 10 years from now you got around 30-40% ladies in the IPS itself IS of course the many were there but IPS first time so many ladies getting inducted so how will the profile of the service change what will be the impact on service delivery? Sir there will be a gender sensitization all across the levels of organization and we will see more soft-skilling, more gender-sensitive approach for example in Uttar Pradesh now there are pink boots, pink patrols, dedicated women's self help desk on each police station so this helps women to come forward to report and that is where we see the crime rate against women has actually increased in Uttar Pradesh partly this is also because reporting has gone up, it shows more public faith Thank you Sarangi sir Thank you sir The answers are very nice I am very happy but treat the neighbors of India also know about them very well like Pakistan, Afghanistan Bangladesh, Nepal etc etc know about them very well because Pakistan is especially very important Punjab was going to be divided into Punjab and south Punjab Bahawalpur, Junabi Punjab BJP but that did not materialize so know about those places so that it has effect both on internal politics of India and also Indian foreign policy so that is very important one of the deepest questions asked to you is how do you decide right and wrong so it is one of the deepest questions ever asked in philosophy right and wrong are called moral categories you gave one answer that is all right but if you employ a harmful means and get your end will you call it right if you ever answer that so it is that way dropping off nuclear bomb or Nagasaki and Hiroshima would have been called right but it's not right sir okay so another answer could be you could refer to cuts categorical imperative and get away with an answer that where I do something and I will that thing becomes a universal law and society can exist then that becomes right yes that is another student of technical philosophy student student's answer that could be categorical imperative could provide you some but yes sir okay I am audible yes sir I want to see your name somewhere at the top in the list final list thank you sir thank you Divya I have one small suggestion actually what is that when I ask about this Dhammikstuba important one actually there since Sarnath and Gautama Buddha first to start Dharma historically it's very important one another one suggestion is like I could see your answers like you know only one line or it will be very lengthy so few you could extend actually since some of the answers I could see like you can extend some more and a few answers maybe it's very lengthy you can you know try to cut it to the point that's all thank you sir it's fine all the rest thank you sir sir did I approach the three statements correctly there is no correct or wrong all these things are based on our values yes sir all the best thank you just one or two suggestions to add Mishna when the panel is asking question wait till the question completes few times I saw your answer starts before the question gets completed and somewhere when answering the question towards the end of it the approach becomes very slightly casual for example when Sarnath asked about the Dhammikstuba you casually mentioned that my knowledge in this is very limited and these things maybe it could be slightly fine tuned otherwise body language is good you are well prepared especially some of the answers you gave with conviction like you said more public fight will we get when more women come into the services that is really good this approach is good maybe you should have some kind of listening patients till the panel completes the question otherwise when you don't have an answer you can skip it like I said about satellite phones just to you know keep you out of your comfort zone and you skip it nice but whereas this build back better it is the G7 summit that is happening now the summit and you completely entered into a different arena it's okay you can slightly improve on it all the best thank you sir Mr. Dhammik how much did you score last year the last year it was 176 I think you definitely deserve much more than that wish you all the very best you have a really good handling the panel members as well just be what you are you will definitely score much better all the best thank you sir I think I agree with the hurry agreement just give a little bit time reflect and give the answers and when you don't know that even smile and sorry sir I don't know I don't have the answer isn't it yes sir you don't take any guess and all if they compel you to take a guess then take a guess it's not required and all so be little more diplomatic and all and you will do well I hope I think all the panelists you should get around 200 at least that level of preparation is already there and just brush up a little bit more so when is the interview sir it is on the 27th of August 27th of August lot of time is there almost more than 2 months so prepare small notes you are already in service and one thing I want to do I just what are the so physical both the services Indian railway traffic so I could not hear what you just said there was some internet connection physical physical standards which are common for the IPS and IRTS what is that so I think it is about the eyesight and certain other so you can't be colour you can't be colour blind yes sir that is same standard is followed for these two services they don't follow any other service isn't it just adding that thank you very much all the best thank you good day bye bye thank you sir


Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE, covering Informatica World 2016. Brought to you by Informatica. Now, here are your hosts, John Furrier and Peter Burris. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are here live in San Francisco for Informatica World 2016. This is SiliconANGLE Media's theCUBE, our flagship program where we go out to the events and extract the signal from the noise. This is the conclusion of our two days of wall-to-wall live coverage. I'm John Furrier, my co-host Peter Burris, and our next guest is Anil Chakravarti, who's the CEO, Chief Executive Officer of Informatica. Formerly the Chief Product Officer, you might have recognized him on theCUBE two years ago. And then last year we had the Informatica 20th World Tourism. Welcome back to theCUBE. Great to see you. You got a promotion, this is your last talk. You know the CEO. Yeah, good to see you, John. Good to see you, Peter. Good to see both of you. I say in tongue-in-cheek, I'm a big fan of what you guys have done, and I only go back two years when we were on theCUBE at AWS re-invent 2014. I remember saying to myself, hmm, this guy's smart, but I must say Informatica. They just get that old school data warehouse, but I was blown away because you were really on top of data engagement data. Really stuff that was really known and was really talking about at that time. So very clear, you guys had the right vision. You made good bets, the right bets. Two years later, it's panning out. What fruit is coming off that tree right now? I know, we essentially got a two-year head start on the market because of that. We read it correctly that what was really going on was a revolution in the data market that was leading to an opportunity to focus on data as an independent platform, rather than the exhaust from operational systems, as Jim likes to say. And so we call this new age as the age of data 3.0. Opportunity to build new business models based on data. And some of the fruits of that vision, the big ones are what you've seen a lot and heard a lot at this show, live data map, which is your own internal Google for your data inside the enterprise and in the cloud. What data do you have? Where is it? Who has access to it? Is it sensitive or not? Essential questions that everybody has about their data, but hard to get answers. Easy to ask the question, hard to get answers. Live data map helps provide those answers. Cloud MDM also getting a lot of buzz. Absolutely. Again, re-invent, like, oh, I'm not gonna. You've had a cloud strategy from day one to be Switzerland, being all clouds. That's exactly right. And that is a big feature. Talk about the MDM, why is that so important? Yeah, it's basically exactly what we thought about as we talked about the intelligent data platform being on-premise in the cloud and hybrid. That was a vision we talked about two years ago. Cloud MDM fits squarely in that. We recognize that MDM, the core technology we have around MDM, that's our intellectual property. Where that is run is really depends on where the data is. If the customer's data happens to be on-premise, we run it on-premise. If the customer's data happens to be within Salesforce, we run it within Salesforce. If the customer wants to run it on Amazon, which is what we're doing with Cloud MDM, we run it on Amazon. So the real advancement there is being able to make it work in a hybrid manner so that you can have data sources anywhere you want on-premise in the cloud and be able to run your Cloud MDM in the cloud. So we're really happy to have this out in a lot of bus. It's simply the keys of the kingdom. I think I used the word keys of the kingdom when we talked about MDM back then. I got to ask you because it's a longer journey. You guys have picked the right vector. Certainly the right team was seeing Jim pointed out as well. And that is that you don't want to get ahead of yourself and get over your skis, as they say. So you don't want to overplay your hand, try to force it too much. So I got to ask you the question. How are you managing that? Because you're now increasing your total addressable market now by elevating the business outcome scenario. Versus being in the trenches, under the hood with great data governance technology, which is where Informatica came from. But you're also sticking to that same formula of data governance. But now you have this new TAM expanding. How are you managing that? Because you're the CEO, you got to keep the troops kind of focused and disciplined. How do you do that? So that's what we're doing. Basically we're in six key markets. And the good thing is those markets are growing. The TAM is expanding because we've stayed in those same six key markets. And the TAM is expanding better lucky than good I guess. So for us, those markets are data integration, data quality, master data management, big data, data security. So those are the key markets that we're in, the six key markets that we're in. And in those markets, each one of them, the TAM is expanding and that cumulative effect is where you're getting the expansion of TAM. Well, the one TAM that's kind of embedded in all those that's rising the tide is security. Bill Burns was on earlier. That's correct. And there's also that's a tie into the cloud strategy. You kind of piece that together in real time. Not real time, but as you rolled out to the cloud with Amazon, you had to kind of fix the security. Exactly. Can you expand on that and why that happened? Yeah, absolutely. And we talked about it two years ago. We were the first ones to even start talking about it. And the reason we got into the security market is a fundamental belief that we have that the right way to do security is by being aware of the data, to have the context of the data, because otherwise, what are you really protecting? If I'm protecting a machine which has no worthwhile data on it, why would I spend any money on that?  But whereas when I know something is really sensitive, I want to make sure that that is really protected. Now how are you going to know that if you don't have the data context? So we said, you know what? We're sitting at the right place in the infrastructure to do data security. And that's what has led to this huge explosion in how we can integrate data security into other parts of the platform and deliver something in the market that nobody else has. So if you think about the question then of the evolving role of data, and you're an executive. Yep. It's data as an asset becomes a conversation that's not relegated to a product, certainly not infrastructure, but has to be elevated to a conversation about what the business does and how it goes about doing it. So what kind of conversations are you having with fellow CEOs about the role that data needs, how they need to look at data within their businesses? Well, you know, I'll tell you, this is, the timing is perfect for that. You know, we had, yesterday, we had something called the executive summit that was over at the Intercontinental. We had planned for it to be about 100 people. We've finished at over 150 people, jam-packed in the room, and it was exactly for this reason that you just outlined. There's a ton of interest. A lot of people have been thinking about this executive CEO's boards, have been thinking about this from a variety of different angles. You know, some of them have thought about it because they've heard about the digital economy. Everybody wants to be part of the digital economy. So that got them thinking, what do I need to do to be part of the digital economy? They quickly realized, data is a big part of that. Some people start with, they've heard of things like the Internet of Things and what's going on, and they go, what does that mean for me? Well, I need to do data. A third set of comparators, they look at the ubers of the world and others and say, what if I get disrupted? Or what do I need to do to make sure I don't get disrupted? How do I change my business? Well, again, data is a part of that. So the good thing is, as people have thought about it a little bit more, they've already come to the conclusion that their data, their backend, their systems, all play a critical role in that transformation. So we believe that the timing is right. I just actually joined the board of a company called the USAA Bank. You know, USA is one of the biggest insurance companies in the world, financial services companies in the world. One of the best client experience companies in the planet. And that's the reason I joined it. I wanted to learn from them on that. But they asked me to join specifically because of my experience in data and digital systems. And that tells you exactly what you asked for. This is a board level issue and I joined the board for that reason. So let's talk about the relationship between data and digital. And I'll put forward a thesis. I'd like to see, you know, agree, disagree, and then expand. Okay. Everybody talks about digital. Often they do so without even talking about data. So they talk about what the outcomes might be or what the capabilities might be. But at the end of the day, if it ain't data, how can it be digital? That in many respects, the whole motion of the digital economy or digitization or digital strategy is how are you going to transform more of your business into data so that you can utilize the economics and the other possibilities associated with data processing? What do you think about that? No, I completely agree. Data is an essential element of making your digital strategy work. I mean, people start talking about digital. Once they start mapping it out in any detail, they quickly realize that's when they need the data. That's what we mean by data 3.0. For instance, take a bank just to continue that example. Actually every bank is saying, look, I want all of my banking services.  So you have a mobile app, you click on the mobile app, you want to be able to do all of these services. Well, that hits the back end, that has security, that has all kinds of implications. So if you want to be able to do that digital transformation where you become a mobile bank, there's a lot of data that's required at the back end to make it happen. And this is true in industry after industry. You're an airline and you want to provide a mobile app. So it's great for initially small things, but if you want people to be able to manage their entire experience with you, you got to have all of your data available through that mobile app. So we had a couple of great guests come on, some board members came on. So, you know, Jerry Held was, we'll start with him. He really talked about the real time. And I love his point that I want to get your take on. This is something that we kind of teased that a couple of years ago, but it's certainly very relevant now. In the moment now, data really is one of the most valuable assets, but can get stale very quickly. But he kind of talked about that, that dynamic. And his point was people are looking back to get insights. That's kind of like been there, done that. People are doing that. People look forward, take their old data and try to predict it forward. But it's very difficult to get there here and now. You guys are really focused on this now. We're streaming. That's right. What's the strategy? What's the directive? What's the product focus with real time? Yeah, first of all, Jerry has been enormously influential in shaping our roadmap. He has so much experience and he brings from the industry that he's been very helpful to us. The strategy is really simple. In the past, we had a difference between operational systems and analytical systems. You want to do an analysis, you know, you had data transferred over on a batch basis and you could do the analytics on day old data, maybe six hour old data, et cetera, didn't matter. Now those systems are together, a great example. One of our customers, big airline at the Hub Airport, what they want to do is they're getting alerts on flight status all the time. So they want those alerts in real time and then they check that, the manifest and say, or any of our top tier passengers on those flights that are getting delayed. If somebody, one of the top tier passengers is there, they want to send an agent to the gate, rebook those passengers, or if there's a flight that's not available, take the passenger, tell them when the next flight is, escort them to the lounge and make them feel good so that they have a great experience. You got to do that in real time. There's no point in doing it next day, the flights have all gone. Minutes count, yeah. Minutes count. And that's an example of a system that's both operational and analytical. You had data come in in real time, but then you had to actually join the data with your mileage club and all of that data to know who's really your top tier customer and then you had to take an action based on that. That's the kind of- That's disparate data in context to a situation that's analytical and operational and valuable. But you can apply that to any business process. Yeah, and some are worth doing, some are not worth doing. You try to do it with everything, you're going to lose your shirt, right?  Well, one, is the data available? Is the data available and is it worth doing? There's ultimately a cost-benefit analysis. But there is no process for defining how that works, right? So that's one of the biggest challenges here. That's exactly right. We're looking at the data to discern the patterns that are associated with customer experience and loyalty and et cetera. And then we are utilizing the data to then create. That's correct. When Jim was here, I'm sure he talked to you about this enterprise data competency model. Yes, absolutely. That's exactly to your point, which is how do we help our customers understand what they do with the data and what is valuable? Where do you want to go be at level five? Where do you want to be at level two or level three? And that depends on your business and your business model. That's exactly what we're trying to do. So we talked about that, it's a great progress bar for customers to put it, you know, feel out where they are in the different spectrum of that. But the other theme to build on that is integration. You know, the data hub that you guys have is very interesting in Navels, SaaS developers. But the notion of how do I integrate? So you guys are Switzerland, I get that strategy. That's technically an integration hub as a company, as a product technology. Data quality matters. Now, so I got to ask you, not data quality question in general, but how is data quality changing? You bring in real time, the word quality means something different. It might be bad data that's now good data to transform because of the situation, the context. How is quality changing? Yeah, the way the data quality is changing is you look at what do you need for that business process? So you might need one level of quality for data.  That's a level of quality that you need. Every number needs to be right because you lose your credibility with your regulator if the numbers are wrong. Now, in the world of real time, what you want from quality is, you're getting, say, data off of a machine. This is an engine, the flight just landed, you're just taking data off the engine. You're going to do a quick analysis on that. And what you're looking for is a range, right? Temperature, pressure, all the key ranges you're looking for and as long as it's within that range, it's good quality, you let it be. If something is not in range, you want somebody to look at that engine right away. It doesn't have to be perfect. You just give it a range and say, this is the normal range. It's been a six hour flight. I expect the pressure and temperature et cetera to be in this range. If it's not, somebody should look at it. If it's in range, it doesn't matter, it doesn't have to be ultra precise. But that's something, I mean, that's a great example, because it's really a two part decision. Is the data accurate and the engine's wrong? Yep. Or is the engine accurate and the data's wrong? And it doesn't matter because in that case, it's just a life or death decision, exactly. And so it draws forward this key connection between process in the physical world. That's exactly right. And process in the digital world and the outcome is the same. You have to get high quality, reliable, accurate data because in many respects, that's what the business is making the decision on. It doesn't know anything about the engine unless the data's available. That's exactly right. And then there's ways to, that's where you do the analytical processing. That's where our tools can help is, so I was just talking to one of the customers here. They are getting real time streaming data out of the ICU. Why? Because they want to develop a process where they check it in real time and even before the patient is wheeled out of the ICU, if they feel that there is, something is wrong here. Just keep the person in the ICU until we know. Now that's, there the range is much narrower, right? There the range is like, hey, oxygen levels, et cetera, et cetera. They go, look, look, there's something here. Maybe we should take a second look because one of the big things in hospitals is if you move a person out of the ICU prematurely, the chances of fatalities is a life or death situation. So if you keep them, keep them at the ICU if you feel that there's, so those are the kinds of things we're talking about. I think these are phenomenal applications of real time data. So let's talk about this notion of applications because one of the things that both John and I are passionate about is the eventual role that development and developers are going to play in this space. So here's the scenario. We like to say that the first 50 years of the computing industry were dominated by known process, unknown technology. Accounting, HR, known process could turn them into programs. What do we run them on? Client server, mainframe, a lot of others. Had it, the entire industry was structured on that. I like that, have you trademarked it or can I use it? We're, more than welcome. Today's world is about unknown process, known technology. Right. We got the cloud, we know how it works. You know, there's degrees of variability but it's all pretty well coming into focus for us. But it's unknown process. And you identified, for example, in that ICU, that notion of they want to create a process by looking at the data that reveals patterns. How do we, in this, we know how to develop applications in the known process, unknown technology. How does, how is Informatica going to galvanize, catalyze, get the development universe excited to go from data, data patterns, process applications? You know, we believe that we don't have to reinvent the wheel there. The world has done so much work on processes. You know, some of them are probably too extreme for a lot of our developers. Think Six Sigma, for example. But there's a lot of good work done on how to look at processes from various perspectives. You basically look at the outcomes and you develop a process based on that. Data is no exception. So what we are doing with this data competency model is saying you are looking at data to serve an outcome. Now, the process you build around it is exactly what you did with Six Sigma or other things. These are companies that are probably not using Six Sigma, if you were manufacturing, you did. If you were healthcare, you didn't do that. But you could use elements so that there's nothing in there which basically, you can simplify it for your purpose. But you basically say, this is the outcome I want and here's the process and here's the role that data plays. I think he's saying, that's interesting that your point is as these new unknown processes emerge, those are innovation opportunities. IoT is a great example. And what's interesting is you can't automate what you don't understand. Correct. What's the opportunity? How do you be agile? Exactly. And as you bump into these new patterns and revelations or inventions and you want to innovate on those, you got to have the data. Correct. So the data is part of the identification of the process. And the innovation process. And the innovation process. Then you automate it. That's correct. So the question is, this is kind of a visionary question so I'll put you on the spot. DevOps was a great movement. DevOps fueled Amazon and new developer community because you had developers who didn't want to deal with operations. Just provision whatever I want at any time. Elastic resources. Seeing a dev data ops, a new layer with data, with the developers. I don't really want to deal with the data. I don't want to get involved in all that complicated compliance regulations. The new regulations come around the corner on drone data and IoT data. I don't want to deal. I'm just writing native apps. That's a new opportunity. That's a huge opportunity. Share your thoughts on this dynamic. It's kind of unknown, but is there a DevOps-like effect? You're almost looking at what's going to come from next from Informatica. It's kind of like the data cloud, which is you can think of, hey, you're a developer. Just like you've used a lot of other tools, then the interfaces are well understood and clean. Same thing's going to happen with data. We're going to say, look, these are the different types of here's, if you want to use SQL, here's what the data models look like. If you want to use Hadoop, this is what it looks like. If you want to use no SQL, this is what it looks like. And then we basically use those data types to fuel a data cloud, and then everything else follows, like provisioning, et cetera. Anil, thanks for sharing. It's your future roadmap of Informatica. You're a private company. No, it's going to, the stock price is not going to drop. It's only going to go up. No, it's only going to go up, exactly. Thanks so much for sharing, like you. They're literally going to pull the plug here live. They're setting up for the big party. Congratulations on all your success. Congratulations on the sell out here. And it's great to be following you guys and feel free to use anything that we said you can use it, we're sharing it. We're all open, and thanks for spending the time. Wonderful discussion. Thank you very much, Peter. We're watching theCUBE here live, wrap up for Informatica World. We're here with the CEO, and he'll be right back with us. We're not going to be right back. That's a wrap from Informatica World. I'm John Furrier with Peter Burris. Thanks for watching. It's always fun to come back to theCUBE because the discussion is always interesting and relevant.


The stone spheres of Costa Rica are completely anomalous, no one knows what they are and speculation on what they could be is rife. Spat out by volcanic eruptions, ancient cannonballs of the giants or perhaps they were formed when plasma was exchanged between the planets in the solar system, whatever they are. They are amazing and that's the one thing we can all agree on. An enigma from the past that always involves the gods, today we look at the history of this culture, wait till you hear this. On the small island of the Isle of Delcano and the Daiquis Delta in Costa Rica, there are over 300 petro spheres often referred to as Daiquis spheres and they have been attributed to the now extinct Daiquis culture. According to Heritage Daily, the Daiquis culture emerged in the valley of the Rio Grande de Taraba where they established complex social, economic and political systems to govern their society. The settlement of the region began during the Sinancra period around 1500-300 BC in the form of sedentary, small and dispersed farming communities, which may have revolved around an egalitarian system with some levels of tribal organisation. Between 300 BC and 800 AD, the settlements developed a chieftain structure that ruled over territorial divisions and they exchanged goods with neighbouring territories through a system of trading networks and it is during this period that the earliest examples of sculpted stone appeared that include stone cylinders, barrels, spheres and depictions of characters. Between 800 and 1500 AD, the settlements grew into large communities around the alluvial lands of the Taraba River and its main tributaries. Constructing large structures using round edge boulders, paved areas, burial sites and circular or rectangular mounds with stone walls. The Daiquis culture reached an apex of cultural development during this period, with Daiquis artisans creating elaborate ceramic, bone and gold objects and possibly sculpting stone spheres in important zones with settlements or perhaps the stone spheres were always there. The stone spheres seemed to be placed in public plazas or along the approach to the dwellings of the ruling elite or the chieftains or perhaps they were simply rolled into these positions. The Daiquis spheres range in size from just a few centimetres to over 2 metres in diameter and they are made from gabbro which is a rock similar to basalt with some examples of limestone and sandstone spheres. Perhaps they were sculpted by hammering boulders into a crude spherical shape using denser rocks and they were then finished by using sand to polish the stone's surface. Probably enough, with the arrival to the Spanish in the region in the 16th century, no mention was given in contemporary accounts by the European explorers of large stone spheres in the communities they encountered. By 1570, an expedition by Perifan de Rubera added to the mystery when he gave no indications in his reports of indigenous settlements, suggesting that by this time the large Daiquis communities had either abandoned their homes or had died off for reasons unknown, possibly through infectious diseases introduced to them by the Spanish. And the stone spheres remained completely forgotten about until they were rediscovered in the 1930s by the United Fruit Company whilst clearing the jungle to make way for banana plantations. And it is completely unclear what they are, where they came from or how they could have been created but what do you guys think about the mysterious stone spheres in Costa Rica? Comments below and as always, thank you for watching.


The narcissist ends up watching you once you've become aware of what the narcissist was trying to do to you You begin to put the focus back on your own life You start to get back to yourself You might engage in activities and interests That you were involved in before you met the narcissist You might start taking better care of yourself Go into the gym Going for a massage Eating healthier you might spend more time focusing on yourself more Now that the narcissist isn't your prime concern Now that the narcissist isn't your most important consideration But it isn't so easy for the narcissist to move on with their lives It isn't so easy for them to forget about you. The narcissist was dependent on you Your attention, validation and resources And in their minds you belong to them You are their property their investment Even though they may not have invested anything into you, but they see it as though they have given a lot to you Narcissists are arrogant and entitled They think that you should see it as a privilege to be around them and They expect a return on their investment They want to continue to get something back After everything that they believe they have invested They don't see it as though you have left after everything they have done to you They see it as though someone or something is taking you away from them in their minds It's like someone broke into their home and stole their favorite watch Something that was very valuable to them and now they will do whatever it takes to track it down This is where the narcissist ends up watching you They keep you under careful protective and secret observation They keep an eye on you They follow closely and maintain an interest in you because in their minds You are their investment In their minds, they devoted time, effort and energy Into dealing with you with the expectation of a worthwhile result They expected to get something in return Even though they may not have done anything to deserve anything in return from you Narcissists are arrogant and entitled They believe that they are inherently deserving of privileges and special treatment They believe that you owe them something and that is why it's so difficult for them to let you go That is why they have to keep an eye on you because they recognize your value They recognize your importance, worth and usefulness They just don't want you to keep it to yourself Because in their minds that makes you selfish That means you are lacking consideration for them Which then gives them even more reasons to stalk and harass you It makes them feel justified in their behavior The narcissist ends up watching you They end up observing everything you do They become more focused on you than they are on their own lives Because they recognize your value They see your life as being more viable than theirs Which is why they are so focused on your life If you bought a cheap watch And then one day you couldn't find it You probably wouldn't make that much effort in trying to look for it But if it was a Rolex And it went missing You might spend days or weeks trying to hunt that thing down Because you recognize its value And if you found that someone else had taken it from you You might be very angry You might do whatever it takes to get it back And although we are only talking about objects you That is how narcissists view people They see you as an object They see you as an object They see you As their possession Once they've met you That's it for life There is no future after them That's how they see it So in their minds You can't just move on and live a life without them You can't just focus on yourself Because in their minds You're an object that exists to serve them It's like they're a baby And you're their parent They see it as though they're your inherent responsibility So when you've decided that you've had enough They're still attached to you They're still trying to keep tabs on what you're doing And where you're going Who you're talking to Because in their minds You belong to them You are their investment And they don't want to see that investment Being shared with anyone else Narcissists are jealous and insecure And they will be offended by any person Or activity That takes your interest after you leave them They will be closely observing Everything you're doing Everywhere you're going Everyone you're talking to Because in their minds You are their property They own you And they also see you as an extension of them They expect you to think, feel and behave In the way that they would like They expect you to want the same things as they do And any time that you do something That conflicts with their narrative It will trigger a narcissistic injury It's like this unspoken agreement You have to stay within the lines that they've created for you They end up watching you Because they fear that they're losing control They fear that they're losing the ability To influence and direct your behaviour And the court of events And in a desperate attempt to control you They will often enforce flying monkeys And start a smear campaign against you They will try to ruin your reputation They will tell people you're bad or crazy Whatever it takes to make people look at you differently So that you can't just move on with your life Because the way the narcissist sees it Is that if you're not going to have a life with them You shouldn't have a life at all If you're not going to be with them You shouldn't be with anyone The thought of you living your life without them Is just too painful for them to deal with Because they recognise your value They recognise your importance, worth and usefulness They understand just how beneficial you are to them So for them to lose you would be a major loss They engage in unwanted and repeated surveillance Because they see you as their possession They see you as something that belongs to them They see it as though they're just protecting their investment Even though they may not have invested anything into you It's almost like they just seized your assets But in their minds, they invested their time and energy Even if all they did was hold you back or make your life difficult They have to go along with the narrative that they were trying to help you That's their excuse or justification for watching you It's either they were trying to protect you Or they were trying to protect other people from you Because you're dangerous or crazy When in reality there is no justification for what they do And if anyone's crazy it's them But they're so deeply invested into this They can't even see it They can't even see what they've become Thank you for watching I hope this video resonated with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe Click the bell icon to receive notifications For my future videos Check out the new Narc Survival website At www.narcsurviver.co.uk Where you can read my blog posts But coaching sessions And join a support forum If you would like to donate My PayPal link is in the video description Coaching inquiries You can email me at coachingatnarcsurviver.co.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon


So, good morning everyone and welcome back to the NPTEL lecture series on classics in total synthesis part 1. So, we have been discussing about total synthesis of few alkaloids and today we will continue our discussion and also on total synthesis of one of the very important alkaloids called lysergic acid, okay. So, the lysergic acid belongs to a family called ergot alkaloids. So, the ergot alkaloids have this basic skeleton, this is a tetracyclic skeleton if you look at carefully. So, they have the indole as their core structure, okay. They have indole and two more six-pumper ring fused with this indole, okay. In fact, they were the first drugs used or first among the, they were among the first drugs used for the treatment of migraine headache and all, okay. And they believe that the tetracyclic core structure, okay, the tetracyclic core structure is responsible for its biological activity. So, most of the derivatives further derived from this basic skeleton, they made sure that tetracyclic skeleton was kept as such only there was some functional group transformation around the tetracyclic ring. So, these are three ergot alkaloids, you can see this is ergolin, okay, having a double bond here and festuclavin where the double bond is reduced and the ring junction is trans. And pyrochlorine, so here also you can see the ring junction is trans, so whenever the double bond is not there then the ring junction is trans in ergot alkaloids, okay. And if you look at lysergic acid, so double bond is there, okay. You can see in the tetracyclic ring there is a double bond and here instead of methyl group you have carboxylic acid, so that is why it is called lysergic acid and if you reduce the carboxylic acid then it is called lyserjol, okay. And the stereocenter if it is opposite then this is called isolyserjol, there was one semi-synthetic derivative which is called pergolide and the difference between pergolide and lysergic acid is instead of methyl group here, so what you have is a propyl group, N propyl is attached to the nitrogen and in this case on the left hand side instead of carboxylic acid what you have is CH2SMe and this pergolide is used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease as of now, okay. The more important analog of lysergic acid and infamous one is LSD, so LSD is nothing but lysergic acid diethyl amide, so that is this carboxylic acid is converted into the corresponding diethyl amide, okay. So the small change from carboxylic acid to the diethyl amide makes huge, huge difference. In fact, LSD is one of the most potent psychoactive agents known in the literature. If you look at the history of LSD that is lysergic acid diethyl amide, so this was accidentally discovered in 1938 when a scientist called Hoffman when he was synthesizing this molecule that is a derivative of lysergic acid during the purification and crystallization, during the purification and crystallization he felt something unusual, so he had different sensation, so he immediately wanted to go home, so he went home and then he was just lying down on the sofa and then he could imagine so many things, you know many are, you know he had a very nice feeling of imagining so many things. So then immediately he wrote to the other scientist and in Sanders said this compound has some unique type of you know effects, okay, so this molecule should be taken further, so that is how this molecule was developed and in 1970 it was formally announced that LSD is a controlled substance, okay but today we are not going to talk about LSD but what we are going to do is talk about two total synthesis of its precursor that is lysergic acid. The first total synthesis was by as usual Woodward, so Woodward thought this can be easily obtained starting with the basic skeleton, so that means you know you start with indole and try to append the two 6-membered rings over the indole, so his starting material was indole 3 propionic acid and the key reactions which he used for the synthesis of lysergic acid are photocrafts oscillation that is intramolecular photocrafts oscillation to construct the first 6-membered ring and an aldol reaction to construct the second 6-membered, okay, let us see how he originally thought of making lysergic acid, so his initial idea was as I said you can do an aldol here, you can do an aldol to form the second 6-membered ring, okay, then the carboxylic acid can be easily added, okay that was the first major disconnection, then the second disconnection was an ascent to substitution reaction, okay, you have bromide, alpha-bromo ketone, so you can do ascent to reaction to introduce this methyl amino ketone which can be further used for intramolecular alder condensation. The third disconnection was obviously the CCO bond because it is so clear that one can easily use photocrafts oscillation reaction to introduce the second 6-membered ring and this acid chloride of course can be obtained from 3-indole propionic acid, okay, let us see how he has done the synthesis. He started with indole 3-propionic acid and first step was a stratification with ethanol and HCl, gave the ethyl ester, so then this double bond, so this double bond was reduced under rhenical hydrogenation condition, then the ester was hydrolyzed to get the corresponding carboxylic acid, okay. So the acid then the NH was protected as benzoate, then the thionyl chloride converted the carboxylic acid into acid chloride which is the intermediate for the Frelkov's oscillation reaction, the Frelkov's oscillation reaction worked well to get the first 6-membered ring added over the dihydro-indole. So after that alpha bromination was done, okay, with little bit complex region but it is not really complex pyridine HBr and bromine, okay, so under photochemical condition, so he introduced bromine alpha to the carbonyl group, so once the bromine was introduced the next step was to carry out the intermolecular acetyl reaction, so he took the amine and then treated with this alpha promo ketone, reflected benzene, so the acetyl reaction took place, so next step is to remove the ketol, so that you will have the diketone ready for the intramolecular aldol reaction, so it was easily removed under acidic condition to get the 1,5 diketone, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, so the 1,5 diketone upon treatment with sodium ethoxide methanol and an intramolecular aldol reaction to give this 6-membered ENO, okay. And the free NH was again acetylated using acetic anhydride pyridine, then the alpha beta unsaturated ketone was selectively reduced to get the corresponding allylic alcohol and once you have the allylic alcohol it requires 2 steps to introduce a carboxylic acid synthetic equivalent, the synthetic equivalent for carboxylic acid in this case is cyanide, if you can introduce cyanide then cyanide can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid, okay. So the allylic alcohol was treated with first HCl, okay why HCl because this free NH should be protonated, okay. So after protonation then thionyl chloride treatment, thionyl chloride treatment converted the allylic alcohol into the corresponding allylic chloride in this specific case, then treat with sodium cyanide, say it underwent SN2 reaction and this upon treatment with sulfuric acid and methanol, so that means the cyanide you are hydrolyzing to carboxylic acid and in that process since you are using methanol the carboxylic acid which is formed also getting esterified because of the presence of acid and methanol, okay. So the cyanide is directly hydrolyzed and esterified in one step to get the corresponding methyl ester, okay. So once you have this ester then what is next is only to hydrolyze. During the formation of ester from cyanide you one also should know that acetate also was removed, okay under acidic condition one can remove the acetate to get the corresponding free appeal. So then simple hydrolysis was done here as you use potassium hydroxide, rannin nickel to get the corresponding carboxylic acid which is the natural proton, okay. So this lysergic acid synthesis reported by Woodward overall involved about 15 steps and yield was close to 1 person, okay. As I already mentioned the key reactions involved in the synthesis of lysergic acid reported by Woodward or Ptolkovs acylation that is intramolecular Ptolkovs acylation to get the first six-membered ring and again an intramolecular aldol condensation reaction to get the second six-membered ring. Then we will move to the second total synthesis which was reported by Wolfgang-Opulser, okay. So his idea was when you look at this six-membered ring you have a double bond, okay. So he thought if you can migrate this double bond here, okay if you can migrate this double bond here then it should be possible to use an intramolecular Diels-All reaction to form this six-membered ring, okay. The only thing is here the dienophile will be an imine, okay. So then one can call this as intramolecular imino Diels-All reaction, okay that was his original idea and let us see how he has done this. So as you can see here again the starting material is indole and with a substitute here so that he can introduce this diene which is required for the intramolecular Diels-All reaction then you attach the dienophile which is required that is heterodynophile required for the Diels-All reaction then you carry out this intramolecular Diels-All reaction followed by migration of the double bond and hydrolysis will give lysengic acid. So this is the simple strategy planned by Opulser for the total synthesis of resemic lysengic acid, okay. Let us see how he actually carried out the total synthesis for the synthesis of Fragment A he started with this nitrocarboxylic acid, okay. So esterification of carboxylic acid with ethanol and HCl he got the corresponding ethyl ester then this methyl group, okay this methyl group was converted into this enamine that is done with dimethyl formamide dimethyl acetone in DMF, okay.  Then you reduce with 10 chloride so what happens first the nitro group is reduced to get the corresponding amine then this enamine also gets hydrolyzed once the enamine gets hydrolyzed you get the aldehyde, okay. So CH2, CHO you get the CH2, CHO and then NH2 they will form aminol followed by dehydration overall what he got was the corresponding indole with niester here, okay. So what needs to be done for the next few steps you have to attach the dim and also you have to attach the dienophile to this indole, okay. So before that protect the indole nitrogen as N2C8, okay then you reduce the ester with LAH to get the corresponding primary alcohol and this primary alcohol can be further homologated. So here the introduction of diene he followed a unique method what he did was first he took methyl acrylate and then treated with cyclopentadiene to get this bicyclic compound through Diels-All reaction. Then he deprotonated this carbon because that is attached to ester then quenched with methyl forming basically what he had done is he has introduced an aldehyde here, okay. So why he has introduced this aldehyde I will tell you. So once he had this B that is the aldehyde bicyclic adduct then this fragment A that alcohol he converted into the bromide followed by treatment with tributylposphine he made the vitic salt. So then the vitic reaction with this aldehyde was done with dimsil anion, okay. So why this intermediate he wanted to make? So if you look at this intermediate this portion can undergo a retro Diels-All reaction, okay. The retro Diels-All reaction will remove the cyclopentadiene, okay, remove the cyclopentadiene and it will generate the other diene which is required for the Diels-All reaction. So basically one of the double bonds of the diene is protected by cyclopentadiene, okay that will be released when the retro Diels-All reaction takes place. This diene is not reactive, this diene is not reactive so that is why he has to follow this indirect method. Next he took this compound and then treated with aqueous formaldehyde and dimethylamine, okay. That means he is inducing a CH2NN dimethyl, okay this is nothing but managerial reaction is not it. So upon treatment with aqueous formaldehyde and dimethylamine he carried out a marriage reaction at carbon number 3 of indole to introduce this functional problem, okay. What he has to do is he has to introduce one more carbon for that he took nitromethane and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate it underwent a sort of SN2 reaction to get this CH2-CH2-NO2, okay. From this CH2-NO2 he needs a double bond N and OR. So he needs an imine, okay. So the imine should be there for an intramolecular imino Diels-All reaction, okay. So what he did, first he treated with sodium ethoxide methanol. So that forms this intermediate, this intermediate when it forms you can immediately recall. So this is nothing but NEPH reaction, okay. If you have a CH2-NO2, okay, NEPH reaction first you have to treat with base then followed by treatment with titanium, titanium trichlorine, okay. So what happens, this will be hydrolyzed to the aldehyde. Then the aldehyde will react with NH2-OME to give this corresponding imine, okay. So now the dienophile is ready. What he needs is the diene should be released through the retro Diels-All reaction then it can undergo spontaneous intramolecular 4 plus 2 cycloaddition reaction. So that was done at high temperature, so 200 degrees so that retro Diels-All reaction took place and followed by intramolecular Diels-All reaction gave this tetracyclic compound, okay. So now you have OME here but in lysogic acid you have methyl group, okay. So just to want oxygen you have to remove. So that was done using fluoromethane sulfonate, it is a good methylating agent, okay. So what happens? So first the nitrogen will be methylated, okay. So then the fluoride can attack and OME bond, NO bond can break to give the corresponding N-methyl, okay. So what needs to be done? Now you have to push the double bond here and hydrolyze the ester to carboxylic acid. If these two are done synthesis of resemic lysogic acid is completed, okay. So the isomerization of the double bond was done with aluminum abalcum to push the alpha beta and saturated ester to beta, gamma and saturated ester. Then simple hydrolysis that is alkaline hydrolysis hydrolyzed the ester to carboxylic acid thus he completed the total synthesis of resemic lysogic acid, okay. So the key reaction as I mentioned was intramolecular immunodeal salt reaction and overall it took 6 steps less than what Woodward has taken, Woodward took about 15 steps whereas Opulsar took only 9 steps to complete the total synthesis as a result. The overall yield also went from 0.78 percent in the case of Woodward to 3.88 percent that is 4 times we got better over yield than Woodward's, okay. So now we have completed the total synthesis of lysogic acid now. Now we will move to total synthesis of 3 or 4 more total synthesis of alkaloids before we move to total synthesis of steroids, okay, thank you.


Good ol' leg. I've only got like 1,000 more years to live. I don't have a second to waste. Now, Gladreal is in a perfume commercial. Then we cut to the homeless hobbit encampment where shamanigans. I don't know about you, but I'm having a great time watching Rings of Power. That is one of the best comedy shows on TV right now. Episode three was particularly great in terms of laughs per minute. We started out strong with this epic conversation between Hal Brandt, Elendiel, and Gladreal when they're still on the boat. And Gladreal is like, where are we going? And Elendiel is like, you'll see soon enough. We're almost there. And then Hal Brand is like, where? And then there's this long pause and you're waiting and the tension is building.  I mean, that's not comedy. I don't know what is. Then probably the funniest part of the episode is when you have a bunch of these people who were just on a boat, now on the beach, facing the sea where their boat trust was, screaming, the sea is always right. I don't know really what that means or why you would scream that, but they do and it's hilarious, especially because there's no context for this. Then in case you missed it, that's Isildur that was on the boat. But he's known to his friends as Isil, which I mean, if my name was Isildur, that's allowed to carry around on the day to day. I don't know that I would allow anyone to abbreviate it to Isil. So that just, that doesn't really flow, does it? I also don't really feel like Tolkien's world is one in which we have like quippy, abbreviated nicknames. I mean, maybe they should have called Boromir Boar. He could be kind of a boar sometimes. Legless, good ol' leg, the all fro bag. Then we get this weird sequence that takes like about a million years where the elves who are fomenting rebellion, they refuse to cut down a tree because for some reason that's where they draw the line, even though I feel like worse than that has happened so far.   The big kahuna orc comes over and is like, you've shown spirit, have some water. I don't know why that's funny, but the orcs seem to think it's badass. So okay, I don't know their culture. So the orcs are like, huh, here's some water. And then the elves take a very long time to decide to try drinking the water.  So they finally drink the water. And the orcs like, yeah, water. And then they hand the water to our main character. And he's like, okay, and he drinks some of the water, still not poisoned. The orcs like, water. And then we hand it to third nameless, unimportant guy.   Like I bleed more from a paper cut. But he's dead now. So I guess maybe elves just don't have much blood. Like they just have a tiny bit. And if they spill that tiny bit, well, that's it, they don't got no more.  Otherwise, I don't really get why he's dead. Then we have Galadriel parkouring around the city. Classic. And my favorite kind of comedy is like ironic comedy. So Galadriel is like super impatient. Like she refuses to wait, refuses to be in the city for any longer than like two seconds. She's leaving immediately. And like she's immortal.  Cause again, they're immortal. Like that checks out. But Galadriel, she's like, nah, I've only got like a thousand more years to live. I don't have a second to waste. I gotta be out of here, which is hilarious.  And not only does she light up, did you say ride? Then we get the sweeping shots of like them riding. I'm like, cool, cool. This is the classic middle earth sweeping shot, people riding. But then we zoom in. And now Galadriel is in a perfume commercial or possibly a toothpaste commercial. We do kind of like really zoom in to like all of her teeth, which look quite clean. So yeah, for that. So we're riding, riding, riding, and we get to the place we're going. And then we got some more like a comedic irony where we're really excited about how amazing the architecture of this place is. This place that's meant to house scrolls where all of the racks for the scrolls are like in front of windows where sunlight would directly hit the scrolls, which is like a terrible idea, right? Like who would ever design a building where you would store old and crumbling scrolls in direct sunlight. So hilarious. Okay, so then all of that was been super epic. And now again, we get like comedic juxtaposition.  I gotta get out of here. This is like hugely important stuff for doing slow-mo horse riding. Like Galadriel, world conquering. Yes, okay. Then we cut to the homeless hobbit encampment where shenanigans. And here we have them walking through the forest chanting, nobody goes off trail and nobody walks alone. Nobody goes off trail and nobody walks alone. Nobody goes off trail and nobody walks alone. Nobody goes off trail and nobody walks alone. Nobody goes off trail and nobody walks alone. Must have taken them ages to memorize that script. Then we get this very serious moment where all the Harfoots are talking about all the people that have fallen behind that they have also left behind. They're mourning them because they feel guilty about leaving people behind, I think. I think that's the subtext. And then they get to this one particular because they're naming the cause of death for each of these people as well, which is a great way to deliver exposition to the audience about characters that we don't care about. We're going through all these deaths and it's kind of hilarious that we're talking about all these people that are dead because you left them behind. And then we get to this one guy who they say died because of bees and they all laugh.  Okay, so in all seriousness, like I did laugh a lot watching episode three and I'm pretty sure I was not supposed to laugh. And like I don't want to be laughing at Lord of the Rings or anything Lord of the Rings related but the show is unintentionally very funny. So I guess I'm getting some joy out of it. But like for real, I just, I still don't know what the plot is. I don't understand any of the choices they're making. I really don't like how everything looks like Greek slash Roman for it being Tolkien. That being said, if we were going for Greek slash Roman, which I think I guess we are, but if we were like genuinely going for Greek slash Roman, like that would look awesome. And it made me really, really wish that instead of a pseudo adapting Tolkien, that Amazon had dumped their budget into adapting like the Odyssey or the Iliad or something like that. Because like basically right now that's what it looks like. Well, not the hard-footed part. I don't know where that goes. But like the parts where Halbrand and Galadriel are, if you out of context, if I didn't know anything about anything and you just showed me like a few clips of like what the city looks like there, I'd be like, this looks like the Odyssey. Like Halbrand, the guy playing him and the way he looks like that could be Odysseus. And that would be great. He would be a great Odysseus. But like elves looking like Roman centurions. And then those Roman centurions are like in a, in a slave situation. So now it's like gladiator vibes where he's got to like band together with the others to like to rise up. Like it's a definitely giving gladiator. And like that's again, not really what I expect from Tolkien. Don't expect my elves or Tolkien's elves I should say to look like Roman centurions. Anyway, hopefully episode four is at least funny because that's really all that I can hope for from this show, I think. Maybe it'll surprise me that it'll be brilliant, genuinely brilliant, but right now I'm just hoping for laughs. We'll see. We'll check in again, see what we get. Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below about how you're enjoying the show. If you're enjoying the show, if you are not watching the show, if you love the show, whatever you want me to know. I post videos on Saturdays, other random houses all the way Saturdays. So like and subscribe, and join my Patreon if you go so inclined. And I'll see you when I see you.