Yes, welcome back to Think Tech, you know, and we have Christine Linders with us. She's a physical therapist. The final of our show is physical therapy above the waist. Very provocative. And our tagline is what to do about shoulder injuries. We're going to learn about that today. But first, a little music to get you into mood. The first song has to do with shoulders, of course. We're only going to sing 20 seconds of it. Ready, Christine? I'm ready, Jay.  Hold me in your arms, baby. Have you thought about a music show? Never mind. Not even embarrassed, right? But I didn't know this actually opens up the whole idea about shoulders. It does. Shoulders are important. Shoulders are a part of our frame that's strong. It's part of the infrastructure of the human body. It is. And therefore, for example, put your head on my shoulders means I will support you. I will support you. It's a strong place. We carry things there. We carry things on our shoulders. It's important to keep our shoulders in good condition. It is. So if you don't, for example, if you're moving, you get the shot moving like that, you're going to throw off the balance and the rest of your body. That's right. That's right, Jay. And that will affect you below the waist as well. That is true. That is true. So the next song is 57 Ways to Injure Your Shoulder, just like the ketchup bottle. That's right. That's 57 sauce. There's 57 ways to injure your shoulder. And we definitely do not know them when we're going about our day. Okay, that's why we made this a very long show. Now it's not 57 Ways. You actually calculated it. My palms are sweating, Jay. There's many ways to hurt your shoulder. There are usually ways that we don't think of when people hurt their shoulder, like carrying your purse always on one side. Or your briefcase. Or luggage. Reaching in the back seat of the car. If you're the driver, you're always using that arm to reach backwards. That puts your rotator cuff at risk. Talking on your phone all the time with your arm pinched in there, takes the bicep tendon where it runs up across your arm into your shoulder joint and pinches it under the arch in your shoulder there. So that's a problem. Your nerves react. Yeah, well, it's a tendon. It's a tendon that gets pinched and that's where people get bicep tendonitis, which is a very painful thing up here in the front of your shoulder. They also get bicep tendonitis if they're using their mouse on their laptop or without their arm supported or holding their phone out where the bicep tendon is always loaded. Those are times when you don't know you have tendonitis.  You think, what did I do? But it wasn't like you just reached in the back seat of the car and said, ow. It was the, I sit with my arm out unsupported all day long using the mouse. We're using the blackberry. We're tending to something while you're reaching. Some flight attendants will get it as they're pushing luggage up over and over and over again where that tendon gets pinched. You didn't just hurt it doing one thing because when you do one thing, you know you're hurting. It hurts. You wake up, it hurts and it hurts bad and you're not sure why. And those are the 57 ways to hurt your shoulder that we need to call attention to so we could mix it up right to left, carry your purse on your left, switch to your briefcase to your left. The mouse is difficult because desk setups are desk setups and even for left-handed people, I know many of them, they eventually learn to use it on the right most times because of the way desks are set up and where things are. Some people shift it if they have pain in their arm and they'll learn to use it with their left to give their right arm a break. That's a little bit more challenging. Some of my best friends actually are left-handed. Smart people. My brother's left-handed.  I could show you how to be left-handed. But, you know, this goes to the question of, so you're really saying in here, and we'll cover it in greater detail, is you have to switch or at least be mindful of the fact that you're pressing one side out. That's correct. And so you should switch. That's the best thing. But what I think people need to know about it is when you're constantly having the right arm go forward or the left, if you're always doing things with your left, the ball in socket. It's like everybody refers to it as a golf ball on a tee because the socket is so small. It's not like this big. It's like this big.  And so when you go forward, the ball goes forward. And all the muscles, your rotator cuff tendon, your supraspinatus, that hold onto the ball, is now reaching forward to hold onto the ball, which puts it under a constant strain, as well as when the ball moves forward on the tee, the bicep tendon that is the number one dynamic restraint to the shoulder moving forward is constantly under load.  The bone is moving forward. We need a restraint to resist that bone moving forward. But when you are reaching forward all the time for the mouse, you don't think about the ball moving forward. And over three or four or five years, the ball is forward. Your shoulder is a little bit more dipped forward on one side versus the other. And now you're setting yourself up for a risk for pain and injury, or you already have pain and injury. Are you saying not to play golf? No. Definitely play your sports golf, tennis, go paddling, go surfing. But you know it's just one side only. If I'm like a left-handed hitter, I'm a right-handed hitter.  Okay. And I'm only on my right side. I'm stressing out the shoulder right here. Oh, should I change the left hand?  You're not swinging a golf club for eight hours like you're reaching forward for your mouse button. You're doing it. And as long as you do some of these exercises that I'll show at the end today, you undo the sport, undo the task, undo the activity. Excuse me. Activity. So when you can switch like a purse, a briefcase, if you drive with one arm all the time, that's another one. I do like to drive with my left hand.  That's the bicep tendon. I'm pinching it because I'm up here. So you just switch. There's times when you could switch as you should. This was a torture. It wasn't no really. You're supposed to hold your arms out like that forever. I make that analogy to my patients where I say there's contests at Oktoberfest where you hold a stein out here and they give people like a hundred bucks whoever can hold it. But you watch, they all stand out here. And then it starts lowering.  You could hurt yourself. So have you covered all the ways, you know, that we could have a shoulder injury? No, there's other ways. I know we didn't do 57, but maybe we did five. We did probably five or six, I think.  And I know you can't understand that. Yeah, I'm trouble visualizing that, but okay. Well, what if that person isn't married? Or what if they do live alone? And I've had five shoulder surgeries. So since I was 18 years old, I've had to hook it in the front and spin it around because my shoulders got repaired and I couldn't do it. And so I tell them, I know that's how you've always done it. Let me show you a new way. Switch them around.  You want to avoid some of those things that are aggravating it so that it heals and then you can get back to doing it behind your back. But there's times that you need to avoid the irritating maneuver so that the tissue doesn't have any irritation on it so it can heal and get back to normal. You know, what this really teaches us, and I think we should stress it, is that you have to be aware of how your body is working. Movement.  You have to think about these things otherwise you're going to wind up with a surprise. You do. Movement matters. I was going to plug this show. Movement matters. That's going to be in the final exam. Movement matters. Movement matters. If you're aware of how you move and you move better, you get to feel better. And that's what's important, or you get to never have a shoulder injury because you're aware that your shoulder is forward than the other. People notice it in pictures that, oh my gosh, I didn't see that before. I notice I've been getting more and more crooked. It is normal for the dominant arm to be a little lower. Some people in Washington already are. That's true. Yeah.  Yeah. Car accident. All down. Yeah. In so many ways, you could hurt your shoulder right there. You can hurt your shoulder that way. Pretty serious injury. Serious injuries from falls could be a fracture of, this is the humerus, the shoulder bone, a fracture of the humeral head, which is up here. You can shatter the bone. A lot of people break the humeral head when they fall. You can tear the other structures like your rotator cuff or the labrum, which is a cartilage ring that goes around the ball in the socket. You can tear those things from falls. Car accidents, same thing. Rotator cuff injuries, labral tears, sprains of the ligament, strains of the muscle. Any kind of trauma like that can create a big type of injury. When we were kids, we would bury each other. You know, we would say things like, give me all you got. And the idea was that one kid would take his fist to the other kid's shoulder. Dang, really.  And since the shoulder is a strong piece of gear, usually that wouldn't hurt a kid. But I can see it actually hurting a kid if you do it too hard. Yeah. Isn't that something that could give you a serious injury? It can give you injury. It'll definitely traumatize the muscle in the region and start the process of inflammation. Young kids are tough, so the next day, whatever injury they have from a punch, usually is gone unless it dislocates the shoulder because you actually punch it too hard, in which case that's going to be a serious injury from a punch. You said something interesting I want to unpack. That aren't the process of injury. Kind of a process. It can be a process. A little bit of an injury can turn into a bigger piece of an injury, right? That is right. And that's what I tell people that come into the clinic. Sometimes they're in for something else, like neck pain or back pain. And I'm talking to them about posture and I'm noticing asymmetries in where their shoulders are. The dominant side tends to be a little lower. That's normal, but they shouldn't be more forward. And when it gets more forward, that's when you have that process like, okay, I'm reaching to open up the fridge. I'm reaching to tie my shoes. I'm reaching to get something off the counter. Midnight trips to the fridge are a bad idea. Ice cream. On multiple levels. Stop doing it. But that's the process. You have a little bit of a tinge in there that starts an inflammation process. And you don't really know it's there because you don't have pain yet. It's not enough for your brain to register that there's something wrong. Then you keep doing normal everyday things, reaching for the fridge, reaching in the backseat of the car, working on your computer, holding your phone, doing dishes, picking up heavy pots. And pretty soon there's pain. And you didn't know because you didn't fall. You didn't swing at baseball and say, oh, that hurt my arm. You didn't do anything new where there was pain right away. So you don't know it. Did I sleep wrong? Let me see. What did I do? Those are the process injuries. You weren't thinking about it. You weren't in touch with your own shoulder. It was a little bit over time until the straw broke the camel's back. Let's talk about the straw and the camel's back. Suppose I do have a shoulder injury and I haven't watched this video. I haven't watched this video. I know nothing about this process that you're describing. And it keeps getting worse. And what is the worst case analysis for a little injury that I repeat the bad motion? What can happen to me? How bad can it get? It can get bad to where people feel like they can't use their arm. We use a pain scale, 0 to 10, 10 is emergency room pain.  I can't even grab and turn the sink on. I can't pinch the button to like do my pants. That's where it gets so bad that you can cause micro tearing of, say, your rotator cuff. It causes a little bit of a substance tear in the tendon or the muscle from that constant abuse. And you need to... People usually get...   That's very important. In this society we do... In this social world, you know, you get terrible criticism. You could lose your job and among other things. It is, it is. Yeah, that's something that we need to do. But the problem with that is that now people can't use their arm, that people can't work, people can't do the activities that they need.  It's not that you need a sling if you don't have a tear but you have micro tears that are causing this pain and inflammation. Shutting it down, meaning now you need to use your left hand to open up the fridge. So now you're imbalanced. You're imbalancing even more and putting the other one at risk while you heal this one because as soon as you do the one activity that irritates your shoulder, now you're back to flaring it. You might have to shut it down for a week. You might have to shut it down for two. It might take three. How about forever? Can this be a forever injury? I would like to say no. If we're causing repetitive injuries, no. Everybody's always that I've seen has been able to get back to doing what they want to do. It sometimes takes way longer for others. My job, I'm working with people when I get 10 to 90 say things I back off but I'm still working so I try to take it easy the best I can and it takes longer for me because I'm still using both of my arms. But if you had a desk job you could support your arm. You could rearrange things. You could carry the briefcase on the other hand. You could lighten the load and only take the bare minimum. Part of the consciousness thing. We can take a short break. It's a neat little division into what is a shoulder injury, how you avoid having a shoulder injury and if we get back from this break I want to talk about how you fix them with physical therapy. This is very important and we do have pictures. We'll be right back. Hawaii Energy The Hawaii Energy Policy Forum Hawaiian Electric Company Integrated Security Technologies Galen Ho of BAE Systems Kamehameha Schools MW Group The Shidler Family Foundation The Sydney Stern Memorial Trust Volo Foundation Yuriko J. Sugimura Thanks so much to you all. Christine Linders, write that down. This is all going to be in the final exam. Okay, so Christine, let's assume we have a shoulder injury. Let's assume we're not conscious at the time we got it. I mean, of a body movement. Not conscious that it was getting worse. And here we are and we need some heavy lifting. That's a bad expression. We need some serious correction for healing of our shoulder injury because it can get to be a real pain. What can you do with the magic of physical therapy to make my shoulder better? Don't forget your pictures. Before we get to the pictures, when you come into the office, I pay attention to things like one shoulder being more forward than the other or your shoulder blade in the back. I put you through a range of motion to see what it looks like if it's performing optimally because a lot of times the muscles in the back get weak as you're using your arm forward and you don't know it because they're back there. You don't think of them. And a lot of times you have to strengthen those to make the front part or the outside part feel better. So what I can do when you get to the clinic, the first thing I usually go after is the pec minor.   Between my arm and my chest, right? You feel it right there. I got it. I got it. I got it right there. That's the one. If you release that pretty soon, the shoulder that was forward like this is now sitting back where it should be and then the shoulder blade in the back is now sitting on the rib cage where it should be. So there's no more tension on your bicep tendon and no more rotator cuff that's reaching out to hold that bone. You said release. How do you release? I'll do some soft tissue massage to it to loosen it up. It usually feels... I check full sides because I want the person to know that I'm not just going after something that is not a problem and I don't think I've ever had someone that I poked in their painful side that they said, ooh, that feels good. They usually say, oh my gosh, why does it only hurt on that side? And I explain that... That's a tip-off right there. That's the tip-off and I want you to know when you're laying on my table that that's why I'm going to go after that and help to resolve it because your other side, while it may be a little tender, doesn't feel anywhere close to as bad as the side that's affected or painful. What, no question. Yes. Just suppose I go for this... What is it again? Soft tissue massage or mobility, as we call it. And we find, to our amazement after watching this video, they both tight. I loosen them both up. I loosen them both up. I loosen them both up. Because in that instance, I'm usually looking at someone that's sitting kind of rounded like this. So their miners are going... Pectoralis is the name of the muscle. Pectoralis minor. It is going to be in a shortened position prolonged if they're like that. So I have them lay down. I have a picture at the end and I'll show you where I just loosen people and listen to them. Oh, yeah, that's the word. Afterward, they all get up and say, oh my gosh, wow, I feel more open. They open is the most commonly heard thing after I loosen up someone is I feel more open. Yeah. Right. I need to enable them to get up here because we can try to make you sit up straight all day long. But if you've got these two little muscles holding you like this, it's just, it's hard to get up there. It affects your posture. And your posture is so important, you know, for everything. Your state of mind, among other things. Everything. So you're needing the muscle there. I need the muscle. I loosen it up. I stretch it. Sometimes I bend it back and forth. I'll get lotion and loosen it up. Depends on how tender. Someone's very tender. I go very easy. I'm not trying to make you suffer. He's not necessarily an answer here. No. Suffering's not the answer. The mnemonics for PT have been pain and torture. Physical, they have all different names for therapists that involve torturists.  You're not into that. Yeah. It's going to hurt. I tell them, if this hurts, I'm sorry. I'm just going to go as easy as I can. You let me know when you need a break. We don't have to fix it today.  It takes me somewhere from two to three minutes to five or six minutes. And I don't usually blast away in one shot. I try to give them enough, because the tissue likes to be open. It gets blood flow and circulation more stretchiness, extensibility, we call it. So that the next time they come, I can do a little bit more. It's a process to undo it, as well as it is a process to do it. Next time they come, let's dwell on that. Time to Okay. So for time one, I will loosen up their area. And then can we get to a picture that's later in the order? Make that call. Okay. So let's go to picture number five. Okay. So picture number five. This is a model laying on a rolled up towel on a wall. So I will release the wall to do this. No, it needs to run from your head down to your buttocks. So it's running down. It's not across your back. It's straight down your back. It's hard to see because the towel squished. But a half foam roller that's 36 inches which runs from your head to your buttocks or a full one. Circular one. Circular one, yeah. Could it be a semi-circle? Circular or semi-circle? Doesn't matter. Absolutely. Semi-circular I'll use for older bump balance. Yeah. So I stretch them out sometimes on this. It depends on who's there and their age and all that. Muscle extensibility. And then I will stretch them out on this and have them do deep breast because your pectoralis minor does attach to your ribs. Breathe in, the muscle gets tight. Breathe out is no more. Breathing is part of this too. Breathing is always part of exercise, isn't it? Breathing is always part of exercise. Breathing, we can't do anything if you don't breathe. That's true. I apologize for that. So after that, we're still in the first session. After that, I'll go to picture number six. Okay. That's it. So now, if you have the range of motion and you don't have a rotator cuff to air or shoulder pain, I'll have them rotate their hands back, pressing their hands towards the floor, which now is an inhibitory stretch to the pectoralis minor and major and also squeezes the shoulder blades so that's what we're doing here. And also squeezes the shoulder blades. So now we're starting to re-educate. So I will send them home with something like this, whether they lay on the floor, lay on the bed, try to start stretching out. They can stand up against the wall and do that as well, which is picture number four. So now you're at work and you want to try to squeeze your shoulder blades. This person looks very familiar to me. You know, I feel like then people can't really tell you. There were Queen Tuplets in her family. I don't have to have them sign a release if they look someone like me. Very good.  If you're at work, if you're at home, if you're out in a shopping mall and you're having trouble, you could squeeze back and that's the part of re-educating after I stretch out the front. Now you need to start re-educating the back. Now that they're a little bit looser, I've released some things so their shoulder pain is less or hopefully at least gone when they're at rest. I will now give them something like picture number seven which is something with a band or not. So now you could see the shoulder blades squeezed in the back. So what people I think oftentimes the ones I see in the office anyway don't realize is, oh wait, I don't realize I have to use the back muscles to save the shoulder. So all the shoulder blades from your shoulder blade to the right and to the left they are the rotator cuff muscles and they attach to the shoulder the ball, the ball on the socket. The muscles in between the shoulder blades right in the middle of the back where you could see the little wrinkles those are the muscles that control the shoulder blades. Now we have muscles that control the shoulder blades in the center muscle that controls the shoulder on the back to the shoulder blade. They're helping your posture and opening you up. They strengthen and reeducate those tissue. Not everybody can use a band if someone rotates out and they have pain. That's orange thing is the band. It's a stretchy band. That's the stretchy band. So you're stressing the back muscles all the more because of the band. That's right. It's like weight lifting but I use a very light band in the beginning because they did have a shoulder injury and those are shoulder muscles too so I don't want any pain. This is not a no pain, no gain. There's pain free that should exercise only open your hands as far as you don't have shoulder pain. We start there. I've had people where we had to start with a squeeze and only open the hands a little bit and then the next couple of times they say, oh my gosh I can open it now let me try a band. I can do this at home just as well. You could do it at home you could do it in the car you could do it sitting right there I should have brought a band. I am doing it sitting right there. Good, see? Yeah. So how many times do I have to do it if I had the right effect? Just one set of reps. No. I tell people that are at a desk I say I don't care what you do every hour if you do one or two with or without the band then you go back to your desk one or two later back to your desk some people will do ten they say no I'm going to do ten three times a day I'll do it at ten after I've been working for two hours I'm going to do it at one after lunch when I go back to my desk I'm going to do it at four right before I go home I'm going to go out from them what is best for you is it better to do two of these two of these or will you have time in your day that you can actually take 15 seconds and do ten and then go back to work re-educating the proper posture re-educating time watch everything computers have programs that you can set alerts like stand up walk around for three seconds there's things apps and everything that you can set up on computers time or keep resetting it sounds like something you can do for carpal tunnel too with the bands no standing up every ten minutes standing up and giving yourself a break with the carpal tunnel things people tend to have their hands moving all the time like you see me doing and so it's helpful to take a break so if you are typing all the time and you're resting that area around the carpal tunnel over your the little bumpers they have right before you use the keyboard if you're resting on there don't take your hand off and rest it hang it down let the arm rest you just don't want to keep anything compromising and compressing the area of the carpal tunnel but we don't think about that while we're resting we just keep our hands on the laptop while we're talking just take them off and give them a break okay dark side now dark side so I know a guy not too long ago we had to have surgery had to have surgery on his rotator cuff which happens I mean it's an aging thing maybe it's something I don't know what he did deserve that and he was walking around with a sling for a long time so how does that happen and what is the relationship between the kind of injuries that we talked about here and you know a need for surgery on his rotator cuff yeah so did he injure himself or did he just have one of those oh I don't know how I did it my shoulder hurts and I yeah so I don't know how I did it my shoulder hurts repetitive injury where you're doing something reaching all the time and then you're reaching in the back seat and then you're sleeping on that arm or you're sleeping with your arm up here and that's compressing the rotator cuff up under that bony arch and it gets some sort of internal infringement where the bone up here that bumpy bone on the top of your shoulder underneath it is poking into the soft tissue creating overtime like macerating a steak or something it creates micro tears that leads to an eventual weakening of that rotator cuff muscle and then you go to pick up your soda bottle and boom you have a rotator cuff to air it's just been waiting to happen how can you tell that it's that rather than you know muscular tightness I ask questions and when you come in to see me so sometimes I don't see people before surgery they're coming in after surgery and they're in the sling and their shoulder is forward and their shoulder blade is winging off the back which some people have seen I don't have a photo of that I used to have it and now I've strengthened myself so I I tried to provide that for you guys but I'm sorry next time but the shoulder blade is winging off the back because of the position of that short pectoralis minor and being in the sling so at that point I don't know where they like that before until I start rehabilitating their shoulder getting them range of motion getting them into the back posture and then asking them were you always doing this at work what was their task are you a baseball player are you talking on your phone all the time is there a hobby that you like to do that puts your arm like that all the time and now it broke down because of wear and tear I find that out through the process of my interview with them what I hear you saying is probably before you rush off and have your rotator cuff you probably want to see a physical therapist to make sure that this isn't something that can be corrected with a lot less invasive procedure what not that's the main point right there write that down because that's on the final exam that's the final exam not because I thought so because she thought so if you have a rotator cuff tear go see a physical therapist fix your posture get the reeducation exercises even if it's without a band to normalize the position of your shoulder strengthen the muscles on the back of your shoulder before you consider getting the tear because there's things called copers and non copers I've seen people with invasive rotator cuff tears that went in for the day of surgery for their pre-op with the nurse and that day they said well wait how's your shoulder and one of my patients in New York City said oh well it's fine I've been doing some strength training I didn't meet him before and now I'm fine and she went I think we should cancel the surgery she had him raise his arm it was fine and she told him you're a coper so he came into physical therapy with me later this was a wear and tear but it was one of those massive through and through tears that need surgery you would think most people would need surgery but there's copers and non copers sometimes things are not what they seem to be that's right that's Christine Lenders and you're going to see more of her right Christine is going to do her own show about this and we're going to see a lot of other kind of below the waist and above the waist and 57 things to do this and 57 things to do that but she will move on to the same here Christine Lenders Wow Physical Therapist wow Thank you Thank You


Our topic today is on blockchain-driven transformation. I'm Tayru Hassan, the director for Brightline Initiative, and for those of you who don't know, Brightline is a project management institute initiative dedicated to helping organizations bridge the gap between strategy design and strategy delivery. I'm joined today by Anthony Williams and Emil Anderson. Anthony is co-founder and president of a deep center. He is co-author of a groundbreaking bestseller, Wikonomics, how mass collaboration changed everything, and it sequels macroeconomics, new solutions for a connected planet. His work on technology and innovation has appeared in such publications as the Huffington Post, Hava Business Review, and the Global Mail. Emil is a consultant and practitioner in the field of business strategy and transformation and has been involved in over four global strategic projects. At the Brightline Initiative, Emil is responsible for several projects and support in professional research and capacity building. He has a strong interest in disruptive technologies and how organizations create and deliver value. Now back to our topic today. As you may know, distributed ledger technologies may have changed and enterprise forever. As disruptive technologies such as blockchain, AI and Internet of Things and even machine learning drive profound change in the social and economic landscape. Some enterprise leaders continually try to reinvent and transform how they conduct the core business, because things still is not an option. At the same time, while adoption of blockchain is still in the early phase, the technology has the potential to transform how we do business. In the discussion today, we look at how leaders can make change to people, processes to make adoption of blockchain a success. Now, how would we go about it? First, we'll have a short presentation by Anthony, where he will summarize the key findings of the research Brightline and the Blockchain Research Institute has done together. And then we will move to a more interactive part, where we'll be taking questions from you and then having a great discussion here. Anthony, whenever you are ready, the floor is yours. Well, thanks very much for having me. It's a pleasure to be here. We've been working for many years together on these issues surrounding blockchain. So I thought it would be useful for those perhaps who have not been steeped in blockchain technology to have a little bit of an overview, first of all, about the fundamental technologies. And then we can talk after we've said a bit of a baseline about how those blockchain technologies are enabling some pretty profound changes, both at the enterprise level, but also at the entire sector and industry level as well. So that's the gist of the presentation. We'll start with slide number one, which is the Internet of Information. I think it's useful to kind of step back and almost compare and contrast the first generation of the Internet with the next generation of the Internet that we see unfolding today. So with the first generation, the Internet was really about the publication and distribution of information and documents. And when you're sending an email or a Word document, a PDF or a PowerPoint presentation to someone using the Internet, you're sending a copy of that document, not necessarily the original. And with this Internet of Information, we essentially had a printing press for information at our disposal and that works really well for digitized information. But what we've seen in the past decade is that increasingly complex services, processes, transactions are starting to move online. And that requires an entirely different type of Internet-based. And we're seeing the Internet itself begin to evolve with technologies like blockchain. So if we go to the second slide, what we're starting to see is what we describe as the Internet of Value. Essentially, when it comes to assets like money, stocks, bonds, loyalty points, intellectual property patents, music recording, even things like votes, sending a copy of those assets is not a good idea. It's okay for people to print a copy of a PowerPoint presentation, but you certainly don't want them to print money, for instance. So if I give you $100, it's important that I no longer possess $100 and that I can't send that same money to someone else. So this is something that cryptographers have, cryptographers sorry, have called the double payment problem. And it's something that blockchain is actually really good at solving. So if we go to the next slide about the middleman. So this is slide four in the PowerPoint presentation. How have we dealt with this double payment problem in the past? Well, for the most part, we've relied entirely on middlemen to do the intermediary sort of authentication of identities and establishing trust between two parties. And typical intermediaries include banks, governments, companies like Uber and Apple and so forth. These companies have been entrusted with maintaining the transaction records and essentially performing the business processes that underlying all of this virtual commerce. And you could argue that on some levels they do quite a good job of this, but there are some limitations and problems and those problems are becoming more and more evident today. So for instance, big banks and even governments rely on centralized servers and those centralized servers can be hacked and we've seen so many examples of this recently. The intermediaries and middlemen, they also tend to take a piece of the value for performing this service. So they take a cut of the transaction costs, if you will. And then in case like sending international remittances that transaction costs can be as much as 10% of the economic value of the transaction. The third problem is that increasingly these digital intermediaries, they capture our data and they undermine our privacy. And perhaps most problematic, we've seen digital intermediaries like Facebook actually hold a lot of power. So it's a pretty strong argument for disintermediating some of these intermediaries and that essentially is what blockchain can do. So if we go to the next slide on the trust protocol, we have seen with this new internet of value essentially that we have this new system, a distributed, highly secure ledger or database where all kinds of different assets from money to music can be stored, moved, exchanged, managed securely and privately without any powerful intermediaries at all. This is essentially what blockchain does. And although blockchain was invented, provide transaction and record keeping infrastructure for Bitcoin and that's often the association that many people make with blockchain is that it's the enabling infrastructure for Bitcoin, what we have found through our research is in fact that the applications for blockchain are a lot broader than that. They essentially have a whole span of different applications across industries and sectors that go well beyond finance. In essence, what we're seeing is that for the first time in human history, two parties anywhere in the world can extract, can transact, exchange value without any intermediaries and trust in this case with the blockchain infrastructure is established not by a powerful intermediary in the center of the transaction who is sort of intermediary, intermediating between two different parties but essentially the trust is established through online collaboration, cryptography and clever code and that's why we call blockchain essentially the trust protocol. So if we go to the next slide, we have a little sort of animation about how all of this works and it is a bit of a complex process but we can try to make it a little bit more simple to describe. So we essentially have a situation where in a blockchain based infrastructure money and other digital assets aren't stored in a central location. They're essentially distributed across this global ledger that uses the highest levels of cryptography to help record and secure individual transactions. So every transaction that is conducted on the blockchain or using blockchain from a purchase or a vote is actually essentially broadcast to the entire network. Now if we go to the next slide what we see is that around the world there's this massive community of contributors that are called miners. It's kind of like gold miners instead of young people. Essentially these are people who have massive computing power resources at their disposal which are estimated to be somewhere between 10 and 100 times larger than the computer resources at Google's disposal. So it's a massive worldwide network of people with massive computing power who essentially use their computing power to achieve consensus about what is the truth? Who paid for what? Who owns what? Who married whom? Who voted? Essentially securing the individual transactions on the blockchain network. Now if we go to the next sort of phase or slide of the animation what we see is that every few minutes like the heartbeat of a network all of these transactions conducted in that particular period are stored on an individual block and these miners do a lot of work. Essentially what they do is they compete to solve really tough mathematical problems and this creates a summary or a digest of what has occurred. And then the winning miners who solve these problems are rewarded with digital money like Bitcoin. So to kind of distill it all into one sentence by solving a mathematical problem they have successfully mined some Bitcoin and as a result added a new block to the blockchain ledger. Now if we go to the next slide you can see that essentially you can think about each block of information that records individual transactions as part of a bigger chain. Essentially each block is added to the ledger and must refer to the preceding block and so forth. And this creates a permanent time stamp sort of a capture of the exchanges of value in the network. It prevents people from altering the ledger in the future because if you wanted to hack an individual block say you wanted to try and spend some money twice or cast a vote twice in a blockchain enabled system you'd have to hack not just that block but the entire chain and to hack the chain you would need to defeat the highest levels of cryptography not just on one computer but on millions of individual computers simultaneously. So it's a very secure system for recording and storing information. So if we go to the next slide the question is if this can work for recording Bitcoin transactions on a blockchain why not other types of assets? And this is the heart of the research that we started to, we've been doing over the years with Brightline and the Blockchain Research Institute. So in the kind of the first wave of thinking about the applications of blockchain beyond Bitcoin we thought about the ability to record all kinds of different assets on a blockchain not just Bitcoin and economic transactions but things like land titles, business incorporations, patents and other assets. And what we find is that the blockchain can actually provide a pretty secure and swift infrastructure for enabling transactions around these kind of assets. So you could take land titles as an example. In countries like India the whole land title system the system of recording ownership of land was essentially based on paper-based file storage systems and there was a lot of concerns around corruption and insecure property rights which can cause major economic problems in countries in certain parts of the country. So what has been happening recently is they've been implementing blockchain-based systems and those systems essentially have the ability to store the entire permanent transactional history for a given property on the blockchain. This increases the data security. It protects the authenticity of the actual land records. It provides ultimately a better experience for the buyers and sellers of land because they can rely on a very secure infrastructure. They can be certain that the land that they're buying is indeed owned by the person they're buying it from from the seller. And this promotes greater confidence in the land administration process and in the broader government. So that is just one example of kind of using blockchain to register important assets. In a second example or another kind of extension of the applications of blockchain on the next slide we look at the ability to not just register or record assets but also to track the movement of assets through a supply chain. So one of the case studies that we looked at recently in publishing this paper with Brightline shortly it looks at the the mining of cobalt and the production of EV batteries in the automotive sector. So just a little bit of background we found that cobalt is a key component in lithium ion batteries and of course lithium ion batteries are the batteries that power electric vehicles and over the years concerns have been raised about cobalt in particular from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. And the Congo or the DRC is where about 70 to 80% of the world's cobalt can be fine so it's a critical source of cobalt but it also is a place where human rights are not universally respected and there's been a lot of problems reported. So then you have big companies like BMW, Volvo, Voltwag and so forth that rely on the cobalt from the Congo to produce the electric vehicles are really concerned about the human rights implications of this cobalt mining so they want the ability to be able to track the cobalt all the way from the mine site right through to the end production of the EV batteries. So how can they do that? Well they can use the blockchain to essentially provide a really secure immutable audit trail of that manufacturing extraction and manufacturing process all the way through. So they essentially record each production step on the blockchain. So how does this work? Well if we go to the next slide we can see a documentation of the Voltwag and supply chain and they've used blockchain to essentially record this whole complex process and they're using they're partnering with a UK based company called Circular and they've invented this whole series of tools and processes to resolve all of the chain challenges of tracing this cobalt production. So this actually includes digitizing the cobalt at the actual point of extraction at the mine site so at the very beginning of the process then they have a way of then tracking those bags of cobalt which are essentially they scan a QR code and then that gets registered onto the blockchain and then they trace it to the next step which is the foundry where the cobalt is processed and then after the cobalt it goes to the next step where they actually manufacture the cathodes and then the cathodes go to the next step where they manufacture the cathodes into the ED battery and then eventually they transfer to the final assembly process at the plant with Voltwag and so each step of that is recorded on the blockchain and it provides this immutable audit trail that companies at Voltwag can then point to consumers and say look we've tracked this whole process from ethical mine sites that aren't abusing human rights and we can prove that this is how the cobalt has been sort of transformed from its original raw material into this finished ED battery which goes into the electric vehicle at the end of the day so that's another really interesting application of blockchain if we go to the next slide a third area that we've seen an interesting application of blockchain is in the automation of project management and we've seen this even in traditionally quite risk-averse industries like construction which is not an area where you really immediately think of applications for blockchain but what we're finding is that there are companies that can tell away technologies which has a whole suite of blockchain-enabled project management solutions that are being used by some of North America's biggest construction and infrastructure companies so essentially what this blockchain-enabled system does is it makes all of the individual components of the construction project and registers it on a blockchain so you can scan a simple QR code and you can pull up information about building materials the serial numbers, the photos and specifications the whole supply chain history, the full quality documentation all the locations where the materials have been stored you can even register things like subcontractor agreements building inspection reports and so on and this whole digital infrastructure of recording all of this essential information about the construction process and all the materials and the agreements and contracts and so forth really helps to automate and speed up the whole project management process so the white paper that we put together kind of describes how this works in quite a bit more detail another interesting application is and this is on the next slide about streamlining industry workflows is we see applications where blockchain works not just for one individual company but for a whole collection of different organizations that may be working together to exchange knowledge and information across organizational boundaries and a great example of this is clinical trials so you can imagine in a clinical trial environment you've got this situation where you have highly sensitive information about people's medical history which has to be passed between researchers in the pharmaceutical labs you've got clinicians in the hospital you have patients who are participating in the trials and then ultimately have the regulators who evaluate the end results so all of these people have to be custodians at one point in the process of this highly secure, sensitive, personal medical data so companies like Sanofi and Pfizer have begun to implement blockchain based systems that again can provide a more secure infrastructure for storing this highly sensitive information and they feel that this could not only guard against the falsification of results but could also provide this higher level of security that would encourage patients hospital administrators and ultimately the regulators at the FDA and other similar organizations to feel a bit more confident about how this personal health data is being managed and that over time you could actually imagine a scenario where using a highly secure blockchain environment would allow more of this personal health data to be accumulated in a very secure and private way and that that then could be amenable to larger research efforts that would help tackle problems like cancer and diabetes so that's part of the promise of this kind of ability to streamline and manage highly secure information in a multi-stakeholder environment and I guess I wanted to wrap up this part of the presentation with a couple of observations around how you could get started exploring the potential to implement blockchain in your enterprise or organization so this is the next slide on rule number one about identifying a compelling business case I mean I think that's really the place to start with this is you need to think about what's the business rationale for this where are we going to deploy blockchain in a way that makes sense for our enterprise, for our organization and I just want to kind of remind you that the four areas that we point pointed to in the presentation so far so we've got on the first hand we've got projects where you've got digital records of importance that have to be carefully audited or protected and that includes things like digital identities land titles, contracts, transactions if these things have to be carefully managed and protected, blockchain could be a good solution for storing that kind of information the second application is not just courting the asset but tracking it through the supply chain or trying to assess the movement of an asset through a whole industry ecosystem or supply chain so that's the second application and we looked at the instance of Cobalt but there's lots of other examples of that kind of supply chain traceability with diamonds, everything food products and so forth have been tracked in this kind of fashion using a blockchain based infrastructure the third application we pointed to was in the construction industry where you've got the ability to automate the administration of projects by putting all of the materials and contracts and other processes on a blockchain based infrastructure you can enable a situation where you could actually process a payment to a contractor once the piece of work is being completed using a smart contract on the blockchain infrastructure and actually speed up and automate a lot of those processes that would otherwise be quite cumbersome to manage and then the fourth scenario that we pointed to was these large and complex projects where the success of the project depends on actually sending or securely managing information across a whole ecosystem of different participants so we used a clinical trial example as a use case there I think in each of these scenarios what we're seeing is that blockchain has enabled an organization or an industry to essentially address a very important pain point in their respective sector and that allows them to come with a business case for senior management that says blockchain can actually improve data security or it can improve efficiency or it can improve trust and transparency so we can point to real business benefits to blockchain adoption so that's the first and most important rule is to really carefully think through that use case and come up with a compelling business rationale for investment in blockchain the second rule is to think about and foster organizational agility so this is important because what we find in the adoption of blockchain regardless of the industry context or scenario that we're talking about it's often going to require not just changes in technology but changes in organizational design and strategy and so forth and it could fundamentally change how entities interact with and manage data and indeed interact with other organizations in their ecosystem so we take the automotive sector as an example if they're documenting their supply chain in granular detail well they're going to have to essentially get comfortable with the level of transparency around how they source critical minerals like cobalt and the same is true for food producers you know if they are tracking the supply of food products from around the world and all of the ingredients that go into packaged foods and so forth they have to get really comfortable with the implications of dealing with a much more transparent environment and what that means for the integrity of their processes and the quality of their manufacturing and so forth you know all of that kind of ups the anti on transparency and then the final slide is about redefining roles to increase competitive advantage so you know we found in the construction example for instance that if you start to automate this whole administrative overhead of materials management and contract management and other administrative duties you know for the first time managers on the actual construction site can spend a lot less time on paperwork and start to devote that time instead of problem solving to boosting productivity to helping the clients achieve better outcomes and so forth so it really you know allows you to take that kind of administrative layer out of the equation and focus on quality innovation and productivity so that's where the competitive advantage comes in so I'm going to pause there because I know that you know we've just kind of set a bit of a baseline for the for how blockchain works and some of the applications that we're seeing in a research and I think it's you know maybe now time for us to have a discussion about that and maybe field some questions thanks for for paying attention in that preliminary presentation thank you so much Tony for setting this stage here really appreciate it the future looks bright a lot of opportunities a lot of potentials for organization to transform themselves through blockchain so before we move on maybe Emil I mean you heard that Anthony talking here do you have anything you would like to add or share before we go to the Q&A portion yeah yeah absolutely and thank you Anthony for this wonderful presentation I think you know Brightline and Blockchain Research Institute would have a really fruitful and complimentary relationship throughout the years we published like various different types of aspects between strategy transformation in blockchain and the integration between those so it's exciting to have this transformation talk today finally and I just wanted to add some comments to what you said there you know some people I mean most people believe in blockchain as a technology that it will you know be very important in the future and some don't and I think the potential of blockchain is the ability to capture value is clear it helps organizations to streamline the processes and freeing talent from repetitive repetitive tasks as you talked about Anthony so and I think the doubts from organizations about using blockchain is slowly fading away so I think it's just a matter of time in the near future here before we see like that the use of blockchain is surpassing this threshold and then providing more use cases where organizations are not only using it but also experimenting and innovating with blockchain and after that I mean I hope that we will see an exponential growth so what I like about this years research with BRI is that we have been able to pinpoint a few elements that needs to be in place for this blockchain driven transformation as you talked about Anthony and in addition to identifying use cases of blockchain adoption and creating this business rationale for investing in blockchain I think it's also striking to think about how much of a people challenge it is to get going it doesn't matter what type of transformation is you see resistance everywhere when it comes to change and especially if you're changing the way you work so having this agile perspective into the organization before you take on blockchain can be crucial it can be proven to make it much much easier when you're adopting and using blockchain and also think something that we highlighted in the research is the criticality of educating senior executives in a broader sense about blockchain technology and how it can be adopted and it might happen in parallel when you create the business rationale in the case but at the end of the day it's up to the leaders and the decision makers to press the green button and allocate time and resources to projects like this so it's a critical part of the adoption of blockchain in an organization and the ecosystem around the organization and in previous research that we conducted a bright line we uncovered a few things related to leadership and found that leadership is a top area that most organizations should focus on and give space in order to ensure strategic transformation projects and a lot has to do with communication communicating a clear vision and goal and for leaders to personally remain committed to the task at hand and be authentic in the way they communicate this vision throughout the lines so I think it's very complimentary coming back to that between Brightline and BRI that we talk about these softer elements in implementing blockchain as it's also very, very important to the adoption and it's not only about the process and the technology itself but rather about the people also so this is the comment that I wanted to add to you Anthony there Thank you so much Emil of course it's a pleasure to write in your questions if you have any and I would be happy to answer there's one that is coming directly from Sven Volker and the question was on the project and blockchain usage is this a positive outlook that we can get rid of recording document on SharePoint and go into a next layer of professional collaboration storage which allows for traceability and shared usage so it's a rather long question but if I can just summarize it can we get rid of then the SharePoint document and move in a more collaborative environment and the storage environment with the project and blockchain usage that you mentioned Anthony Yeah I mean it's I think what we're seeing essentially is the blockchain infrastructure and the infrastructure and clinical trials medical research and so forth where you've got lots of different entities that have to share information and have to share information securely and often the ability to do that in an inter-organizational environment using a blockchain infrastructure is always going to be a better scenario than trying to email or send documents and have all kinds of issues it's really important that information is managed privately and securely or you can begin to with blockchain for instance utilize the smart contract functionality which allows you to automate certain processes so I've used the example for instance of a contractor completing a piece of work that automatically triggers a payment process using a smart contract on the blockchain infrastructure so there's lots of compelling reasons why you would want to consider moving out of the traditional information management paradigm which is based on individual siloed organizations and move into this more collaborative infrastructure environment where you can share the information or record it in a secure way using the blockchain infrastructure so yeah I think there is that certain possibility and it makes sense in these more complex environments where you've got lots of organizations that have to collaborate together excellent now maybe if I think about it and when we look at the horizon for blockchain of course there is one domain where people are seeing it or at least people are experiencing it or maybe familiar with it is the banking and the global financial market of course there is more and more recognition that the blockchain technology can be used and then payment can be let's say sent quickly, securely and cheaply without necessarily being needed for third party verification and so on one area that is kind of emerging or it's there as well that is on the horizon it is blockchain and identity management and the good example that we uncover in the paper was the Estonia digital ID card where we saw it as a significant advance on what used to be in government fairly siloed identity management you go in this place by asking for this information you go in the other place you need to put a different piece of ID so it's very siloed maybe an open question for you both what future do you see for blockchain when it comes to that sector identity management maybe starting with Antonin and then going to Emil yeah I think in government it's huge because of the very problem you pointed to I mean we've had this kind of the legacy of individual departments and agencies that are responsible for different functions in government essentially managing these independent siloed databases and every time you interact with a different government agency you have to go through the whole process of proving who you are your identity they all have different records maybe the records might even conflict with one another imagine a completely different scenario where all of your critical identity information in your interactions with government was recorded on a very highly secure blockchain and rather than the government being in charge of how that information is distributed or released you have personal controls and individual over that personal identity record and you can disclose certain aspects of that information as required to different government departments that require that information to process certain transactions whether that's getting healthcare services or social services or renewing a driver's license any kind of interaction you have with the public sector could be essentially secured and intermediated using this blockchain infrastructure that would give individual citizens much more control over their data and ultimately would be a lot more efficient for government as well because the governments could then do away with having to manage all of these individual implementations of different databases with redundant, essentially redundant information about citizens again also dealing with this problem of the lack of interoperability between these different systems as well so I think there's an enormous use case for these technologies in the public sector Estonia is certainly one example where they've had the capacity being a fairly small country to essentially to move ahead with putting this kind of digital infrastructure in place for identity management and for citizen services with government but we're starting to see some other examples of this pop up in countries around the world in slightly less comprehensive fashion you know more in kind of individual isolated examples like the land title examples that I pointed to but the potential no doubt is there for much broader application of this. Thank you, Emilio anything? Yeah, no I was just thinking about two points here and one that Anthony brought up and I think it's just decentralizing the amount of information and the way people can get these identity cards and so on it's very helpful for governments in order to free up talent and then use the resources for other things that they can take them forward and be more innovative in that sense and I think it aligns with going back to some research we've done in Brightline that kind of pinpoints that high performing organizations are not only more adaptable but they're also using leveraging standardized processes so it helps them to to become more transformative in the way they operate by using standardized processes or at least leaning back to them and having a more agile organization in the back and the second point was I was thinking about cyber security so and that's becoming more and more relevant today where essentially it's going to be impossible close to impossible to hack this kind of process if it's based on blockchain and I think governments as moving forward into a more digitized society then blockchain is the most secure option to do this so I think more and more governments will start applying the same type of structure. And there was actually one comment or one question regarding blockchain and democracy as well and I know with the ID management point with security where of course vote is your vote someone would not be able to hack it and so on and then the exact transparency that trust in the system and so on let's move to another question from Juan Miguel Robles and he's asking a quite relevant question here in the sense that he said in the experience that we have for companies how easy is it to use blockchain whether you are a small size or a large size company so that size matter that the first question and then he was asking also how it goes when it comes to let's say startup and so on any suggestion or answer that you would like to suggest is it a let's say technology that is made only for smaller or for larger or for both what do you see the spectrum Anthony. Yeah I mean a quick point I think increasingly you know in the past you know maybe five years ago you would say blockchain was more amenable to larger organizations that had more sophisticated IT departments and so forth I think increasingly that's less and less the case because we have new platforms emerging that make blockchain application development extremely user friendly and easier for smaller organizations to start up to manage so you've got things like the Cosmos ecosystem for instance which it's kind of like you could almost compare it to the way that people used to develop websites you used to have to hire a whole web development team to build a website now you've got all these amazingly simple applications where you can build a website in ten minutes well it's kind of increasingly becoming like that with blockchain where you've got this application infrastructure where you can start to build blockchain based applications fairly simple code and tools without having to get into the nitty gritty mechanics and extremely sophisticated cryptography and all that stuff it's essentially enabled as a service so yeah I think it's increasingly accessible to small organizations as well Excellent are you seeing anything different Emil or converging and we can go to the next one No I think Anthony answered it in full Excellent so I mean of course time is rushing rushing here and I have many questions we have we got 14 questions this has been the excitement but so let's take one more this one is coming from Javier and Javier is saying as we know there's a perception behind Bitcoin as an underground financial system for hackers or maybe drug dealers etc what do we do to implement a formal and trusted blockchain project I suspect because sometime you've seen the news this is being cracked and so on and supposed to be secure and so do you see anything in that space or how do we give a comfort that is required there Yeah I mean I admit that that has been an issue over the years we've often in so many different scenarios had to go to great lengths to try to decouple essentially the Bitcoin story from the blockchain story because I do think that Bitcoin over the years and other cryptocurrencies have no doubt been a powerful use case for blockchain technology but for various reasons there have been some issues with cryptocurrencies and your colleague has pointed to some of those concerns but I think that what we've tried to do through our research through all of the other applications in all of these different sectors many of which I've pointed to today in which you see very powerful benefits from deploying this technology to increase productivity and transparency and efficiency and collaboration and security and privacy where to me increasingly the more that we can tell that story and point to these use cases and show the benefits the more confidence we can instill in the senior management teams about the importance of this technology so I just think that we have to decouple those two stories a little bit and just be really laser focused on just trying to point out the positive use cases in the applications and I think also when you're looking at the enterprise applications there's the second point I would make is that you can build in increased levels of security that might be not available in a public blockchain environment you know so you can limit the amount of people who have access for instance you know which is these kind of more permissioned or managed blockchain ecosystems I think are a little bit different from the public blockchains that are used for cryptocurrency and if anything can be even more secure than the public blockchains so that's another consideration to build into this question as well. Excellent I mean Anthony thank you so much for this great insight there are more questions that the time allows us to answer so I mean for people who ask the question we take a look and see there's a way of addressing them offline but really really appreciate it and one thing that I will add is the research is available on the website so I mean people can get more information and even more excitement when you look at the ability to combine I mean blockchain internet of things and also if you have the quantum computing there are great things on the horizon really really appreciate the insight that you shared today


We continue in the next end zone. The VCP 0-inch packet is the name for the extension of our first end zone of the CDC VCP. Here we will demonstrate the ability of the USB bulk transfer, which as you can see in the specification, has to be ended with the packet which is smaller than the maximum packet size or a 0-inch packet. Otherwise, the system is not considering the transfer as complete and the communication, the data, are not propagated to the upper layer. And as Windows is strictly following this rule, we will be able to see in the terminal that if we want to follow this rule correctly, the communication won't be propagated. So, we will again jump into the QPEMX. We have the same configuration like before for the CDC VCP. So if you skip the first end zones, please return to it and go through. Otherwise, we won't be able to continue here. But as you already did, we use the exactly same MX file and exactly same settings. Just add the PA-13 as GPIO input. PA-13 is a button on the nuclear board. So here we will have this functionality to control the flow inside of the application. So generate the project and open in IDE. So we have the same like before. In the interface file, we have already the line coding failed from previous project. So we can directly continue with adding the code. So first, we will add the include of the CDC interface file to be able to call CDC transmit function. And here we will prepare the buffers which will be used for the communication. So first, we will define the length of the buffer as we will change it during the demonstration. And now buffers itself counting variable. And for getting the state of the USB peripheral, we will need also the handler, which is inside of the USB device that see. So we will copy the handler and use in main with extern. And now we can just add the code. So first, we are waiting for the button press. So read the pin GPIO C GPIO pin 13. And we are waiting as long as the pin is the reset state. So like that, after that, we will limit the program to five iteration. So use the count variable and smaller than five. And in this iteration, first, we want to check that there is no ongoing transfer. So for this purpose, we will use the state variable inside of the handler, which is changed in the library file connected to the class CDC. So in the source USB D that CDC. And here we have it already on open. So from the previous demonstration, so it's CDC data in and in this callback, which is called once the data are successfully received by the host, we have the TX state, which is zeroed. That means that there is no ongoing transfer and we can call again CDC transmit. And the data will be propagated to the buffers file for and so on. So here we will copy part of the code. So we can reuse them. So but the PDF needs to be replies here by the handler. And we are waiting for the TX state and the TX state needs to be zero. That means there is no ongoing transfer. And when this is fulfilled, we can call the CDC transmit buffer is already initialized and we will use the link which was initialized also because we will change it during the example. And we want to be sure this was executed correctly. And once executed correctly, we will increase the count. So this is the code we need for the first part of the example. Okay, good. And we can load into the microcontroller. So application is ready to be to run. And before that, we will use also the USB analyzer. So I will be able to demonstrate you that the data were correctly sent by the microcontroller but are not visible for the system as the zero and packet or the packet with smaller size was not sent as the specification requires. So we will start the recording. Now I start the program inside of the debug of the microcontroller and connect to virtual comport nine, which is the USB of the microcontroller. And by pressing the button, data are sent, but I'm not able to see any change it. So let's take a look inside of the analyzer data. If there were any communication on the data endpoints, a few moments for the analyzer software. And here we are able to see that there is 320 bytes on the endpoint one. But it's the communication. It's noted completed because there were no zero and packet or packet with smaller size. So microcontroller send the data PC was able to receive but was not propagated to the upper layer as all the condition were not fulfilled. So let's try to change to 63 bytes. And in this configuration, everything should be visible without any kind of problem for the application. Okay, we need to close before it will be open. Also, I restart the analyzer and we can run the application. So it's connected. And now I'm pressing the button and I'm able to see that the data are correctly received by the PC application. And inside in the analyzer communication, I'm able to see one, two, three, four, five packet sent and the last transfer was not completed. So this is correct. So how we should handle to have the universal flow even with the maximum packet size to be more effective. So we change again back to use the maximum packet size for our transfers. But after that, we also need to send a zero and packet if we are as we are sending the maximum data size. In the application, it should be checked more automatically not to send a zero and packet every time. But for the demonstration purpose, we want to simplify. So again, we want to check that previous transfer was finished. So in the while, the Tx state is not equal zero. We are waiting in a loop. And after that, we send a message with zero length. So this should show us that four five packet with 64 bytes were sent. And also we should be able to see them in the application. So let's reconnect and run the application in the termite. We will connect everything is set. So let's press the button data are here. And in the analyzer communication in a few moments, we are able to see again 320 bytes. So everything was set and also transferred to upper layer. So now the PC is capable to see all the communication coming from the microcontroller. So this is all about the zero and packet behavior for the USB. So please be aware.


السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين سيدنا ونبينا وحبيبنا وشفيعنا وقائدنا وقرة عيوننا سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم يا ربنا لك الحمد كما ينبغي لجلال وجهك وعظيم سلطانك اللهم افتح علينا افتوح العارفين اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا ونفعنا بما علمتنا يا رحم الرحيمين today inshallah we will talk about ummu ma'band and ummu ma'band رضي الله عنها is nicknamed by the describer of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم so who is ummu ma'band what happened at the tent of ummu ma'band ummu ma'band رضي الله عنها her name is عاتكة بنتخالدني بن خليفني بن موقذي بن ربيعة الخزاعية الكعبية she was an honorable female companion she was very eloquent and she had one of the most eloquent eloquent description of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم so could I practice all types of oppression against Muslims they got so mad that the Muslims had left the religion of their forefathers they wanted them to go back to their old religion and they did their best they wanted them to abandon Islam they did all they can they followed all possible means good or bad but no luck so they tortured Muslims so harshly but again no luck Muslims would not go back to the religion of their forefathers so the Muslims were tortured so harshly and until Allah سبحانه وتعالى gave the permission to Muslims to migrate and a lot of them did migrate and of course the first migration was to Habashab to Abyssinia سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم told them go there their king is a just person and when they went there we know that Quraish sent two people so they would talk to Al-Najashi and they will convince him to get those Muslims back to Mecca and we all know the story how after they talked سيدنا جافر talked to and he told he told Al-Najashi the story that we were sent to you by Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم and he told us that you are the just king and that no one will get hurt at his land and hearing their story especially when those two people of Quraish they told the king that they talked badly about Jesus and Mary so the king asked them what do you say in them when he heard the Quran that was revealed to say the Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم about say the Mary he said he looked at those Quraishi people and he said to them I'm not giving them to you and he ordered his people to give them back their gifts that they brought and the Muslims stayed there and they were safe at his land at his country and we all know that this delegation this group of Muslims after some time some of them went back to Mecca and also they were tortured and until that situation kept so until Allah سبحانه وتعالى gave the permission to say the Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم to migrate so the Muslims first migrated to Medina say the Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم stayed in Mecca until Allah سبحانه وتعالى gave him the permission to go to Medina and he was صلى الله عليه وسلم he was accompanied by his great companion أبو بكر رضي الله عن and with them there was the freed slave عمر ابن فهيرا عمر ابن فهيرا and رضي الله عن and also their guide was عبد الله ابن ريقط and he was not a Muslim yet so they left Mecca heading towards Medina the sun was so hot the sand was burning the distance was so long and in the midst of the desert Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم so a far away tent and the group immediately headed there they were looking for shade for food for drink so whose tent was it that tent was for أمعبد and her husband أبو معبد and they placed their tent in that place so they could host the travelers so what happened سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم got there and there was strong woman feeding the animals and her few animals that were there so they asked her سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم asked her for some meat and dates so they would buy from her but what happened unfortunately there was nothing to offer them that time they had that time they had severe drought so سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم noticed at the corner a weak goat and he requested أمعبد to milk it what she said so when he said to her what is this she said it's a weak goat that that is in the tent it didn't go with the other sheep for grazing so سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم asked is there any does it give any milk when she said أمعبد said she is so weak she is weaker than giving milk سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم asked her would you permit me to milk this sheep she said yes if you find milk then there will be milk so سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم he wiped the other and he said بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم and he made dua so what happened miraculously the milk started gushing at the hands of سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and it was a lot of milk so سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم gave the milk to him and she drank and she drank and drank and then he gave milk and they drank and drank and then so they drank once twice and he repeated that and he gave them again so they got what they wanted and they left سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم so when they left there was plenty of milk for مربط and her family now when her husband when her husband اكتم ابن ابو جوان الخزاع مديني مديني اشتعkaa مديني مديني مديني مديني و التي ستها بقي ولا الكل يوم المحامل هذه المجموعة تأتي منه. لذا فهمتها. فهمتها و فهمتها ما حدث. فهمتها ما فهمتها.  و أم عبد gave an incredible description of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم. So let's read the Hadith and try to understand it. So I'm on the authority of Umma Abad describing the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. She said, رأيت رجلا ظاهر الوضاع. I saw a man of visible radiance and purity. He was beautiful in appearance. He had a bright, bright face. His face was radiant. أبل جل وجه. He had a beautiful face. حسن الخلق. He was beautiful.  لم تعبه سلجة. و لم تزبه صلع. With neither protruding grips nor a small head. و سيم قصيم. He is handsome and fair. في عينه دعش. The word دعش means شدة سوان العين. So his eyes were deep black and they were large. و في أشفاره وطف. And his eyelashes were lush. و في صمطه صحل. So his voice was mellow and soft. و في عنرقه صطع. And his neck was long. أحبب. أتحل. أزج. أقرن. The wideness of his eyes was bright. And his pupils were black. They were very black. His eyebrows were beautifully arched and connected. اللهم صداسي. إذن محمد و على آله و صحبه. شديد سوادي الشعر. His hair is black. إذا صمت علىه الوقار. When he was silent, he appeared dignified. و إنتكلم علىه البهاء. And when he spoke, he was imminent. And crowned with magnificence. حلو المنطق. حلو المنطق فصل. لا نزر ولا هذر. كأنه منطقه خرزات نظمنية حدرن. So his speech was sweet. امجن the words that أم محبة has heard from سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. And she's describing these words with sweetness. And these words were precise, neither too little nor too much. And in another Hadith, سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم, he was described as كان يتكلمه بجوامع الكلم. So he, صلى الله عليه وسلم, would say only the few words that would give a lot of meanings. So his speech was sweet. His words were precise. They were neither too long nor too much. They were neither too little nor too much. And كأنه منطقه خرزات نظمنية حدرن. His words, his speech was like a string of pearls, his words. So like a string of pearls flowing down gradually. Imagine this description. ربعة لا بائنهم منطول ولا تقطحهم وعينهم من قصر. أصن بين أصنين. فهو أنظر ثلاثة منظر وأحسن قدرة. So after talking about his words, his speech, she said he was the most striking and beautiful of people. He was once seen from far away. And the first of them, when seen up close, he was medium height, neither unagreeably tall nor scromfully short. He was a branch between two branches. And she likened him to a branch. And his companions were also like branches. And among these three people, among the three, he was the most radiant in appearance. How amazing this description is. And she continued. She said he was the finest of them in statue. So it was only a few minutes that أم عبد has seen سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and she described him this amazingly. She went on and she said له رفقاء يحفون به. إذا قال استمعوا لي قوله. Or إن قال أنصطوا لي قوله. وَإِنْ أَمَرَةَ بَدَرُوا أَمْرَةَ So he was surrounded by companions. When he spoke, they listened attentively. And when he gave orders, they hasten to fulfill them. So she was very careful describing سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and also the people who were with him, his companions. Then she went on and she said محفود محشود لا عابس ولا مفنن. So she said, honored. He was honored. He was served and surrounded by followers. He neither frowned nor criticized. سبحان الله. So what was the reaction of her husband when he heard this amazing description? He said I swear by Allah that this man is from Quraysh. And this man is the same one that was mentioned to us in Makkah. وَلَقَدْهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَصْحَبَهَ I had the intention to follow him to be on his religion. وَلَأَفْحَلَنَّ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ إِلَا ذَالِكَ سَبِيلًا And I swear that I will follow him if I find the means for that. سايد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم Of course, he left and the Abu Mu'abad came. Then what happened? You know that when Saeed the Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم left Quraysh, left Makkah they sent people looking for him everywhere. And it was that group of people whom they sent some of them reached Umma'bad. So what happened? Umma'bad looked at those people who came to her and she noticed that evil was flying from their eyes. As I just mentioned Umma'bad Umma'bad was very smart, very clever and with a few minutes she gave all that amazing description of Saeed the Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. So she immediately noticed that from their eyes she realized that they were bad evil people. So they asked her Where is Muhammad يا Umma'bad? So Umma'bad was scared not for herself but for the messenger of Allah. She wanted him to reach Medina safe. So she said to them تسألونني عن أمر ما سمعت به قبل عامي هذا You're asking me about something I've never heard of before this year and they said إنك تعلمين أين ذهب You know where he left where he went, where he headed and she immediately said ما أدري ما تقولون I don't know what you're talking about. عندما يسألها سؤالها مجردًا وكانت مكتبًا في حياتهم وحفظة أنهم كانوا في حياتهم سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. إذا كنت تقول إذا لا تترك من هنا مجردًا I will shout and my people will come from far away they will come and you will be in trouble so the people of Quraysh knew that those people I mean this group of people who were looking for سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم they knew that he was an honored woman and they knew that her tent is on the way to her people سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم so as if she was a guard to the path of the travelers and they they knew for sure that if she screamed then they everyone will will come so they they preferred to go back instead of getting in trouble and being the losers so it was just a few days later that umabbat has gathered her stuff and she with her husband لفت for مدينة they wanted to catch سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم so in مدينة the blessed city of سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم when they reached there they both went directly to سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم they announced their shahad and they pledged to سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and they became very good Muslims very good companions of سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم so from this story umabbat has entered his story because of her eloquency because of her very accurate description to سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم she described his her she described his eyes she described his eyebrows she described his mouth she described his neck she described him she described his manners just in a few minutes that she met him so uh she was one of the female companions that we till today say her name we till today enjoy the description of سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم the accurate description that she has given of سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم her description was so sincere and that's why it stayed and it reached us today in our days we are reading what has been written about what has been said about سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم 1400 years ago by a woman companion so narrations indicate that once سيدنا علي بن أبي طالب was asked what was the most accurate description of رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم and سيدنا علي رضي الله عنه answered أجمل وأبلغ وصف قيل في رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما ذكرته أم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم خزاعية the most eloquent the most beautiful description that has been given about سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم was what was mentioned by سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم like she did so سبحان الله سيدنا علي رضي الله عنه praised that description may Allah have his mercy upon this honorable companion female companion of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم who was very eloquent very accurate very intelligent very smart in giving the best description of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم she was أم معبد عاتكة بنت خالد الخزاعية رضي الله عنها وارضاها we move on to another female companion of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم her name is أم قلثون بنت عقب الأموية رضي الله عنها and her nickname is the one who migrated walking imagine who migrated from Mecca to Medina walking a female walking between Mecca and Medina الله سبحانه وتعالى revealed Quran that about this woman this companion this female companion that we still read till today and it will be still going on until the day of judgment in صورة الممتحنا آية الله سبحانه وتعالى says إذا جاءك المؤمنات مهاجرات فمتحنوه الله أعلم بإيمانه فإن علمتموهن مؤمنات فلا ترجعهن إلى القفار لا هنحل لهم ولا هم يحلون لهم so who is this female companion who is أم قلثون about whom سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم said والله ما أخرج كنا إلا حب الله ورسوله والإسلام وما خرجتن لزوج ولا مال الله سبحانه وتعالى سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم where that he these this woman did not migrate for husband or for money she did it only for the love of Allah the love of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and the love of Islam who is أم قلثون أم قلثون the honorable female companion who whose name is أم قلثون بنتوعقبة بني أبي معيطني بني عمرني بني أمية بني عبد شمسني القرشية أم قلثون is the sister of أثمان ابن عفان from her mother أروا so who is this brave woman who is this brave companion female companion that no woman in قرش was as brave as she was she was strong she after following say you know Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم she was in a very bad position amongst her family amongst her people whom they wanted her to go back away to go back away from Islam they wanted her to go back to the religion of their forefathers so أم قلثون may Allah be pleased with her she became a Muslim and she was سبحان الله يعني her family tortured her tortured her and she bled to say you know Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم she became a Muslim and she promised that she will be still fast on Islam and Allah سبحانه وتعالى الله سبحانه وتعالى gave her that religion that strength so when say you know Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم migrated to Medina she had to choose ايهر to stay with her family or to leave or to leave to Medina and migrate to Medina alone so what do you think she chose هر love to Islam her love to say you know Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم made her travel to Medina and run away so to be to to preserve herself on the new religion and she did even though they were looking at her even though they were surrounding her she was able to run away at night from Mecca going towards the mountains leaving to Medina walking she didn't have anything any animal any any horse any donkey anything to mount she was traveling alone no sustenance no water no food nothing while she was traveling she met امان from and he promised her that he will be as a brother and he took her with him to Medina and when she arrived in Medina she knew that her two brothers قيد وعوما را have came followed her and they are coming to Medina to get her back to her family and they reached there الوليد وعوما را came to say you know Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم and they asked him to give them back according to the agreement that قريش had with say you know Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم and one of its items was if someone came to you running away from us from قريش then you have to return that person you have to return him back to us but what happened is when they came to him they said yeah Muhammad Oh Muhammad fulfill your promise to us so very strongly and she said I am a female وحال النساء إلى الضعافة إما قد علمت and you know how we and the women are in فتردني إلى الكفار يفتنونني في ديني ولا صدرلي if you want to send me back then I will be tortured until I go back to that religion and I cannot be patient on that الله سبحانه وتعالى heard her words and he revealed the that I have just mentioned I've just read يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا جاءكم المؤمنات مهاجرات فمتحينوا هنا Oh you who have believed when believing women come to you as immigrants examine them test them الله أعلم بإيمانه الله is most knowing as to their faith فإن علمتوهنهن مؤمناتهن فلا ترجعوهن إلى الكفار if you know them that they are true believers then do not return them to the non-believers لاهن نحل لهم ولاهم يحلون لهم they are not lawful wives for them they are not lawful kinship for them and they are nor are they lawful husbands for them so do not send women if you test them and you realize that they are truthful do not send them back so Allah سيدي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم tested her and he tested all the women who came after her and he used to say والله ما أخرج كنا إلا حب الله ورسوله والإسلام وما أخرجتن لزوج ولا ما I swear by Allah that you have migrated just for the love of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and the love of his messenger and the love of Islam you haven't you did not migrate just for money or for anything else so this was the truthful أم قلتون so what happened سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم looked at the son of Omar and he said to them نقض الله العهد في النساء بما قد علمت ما تنصرفا الله سبحانه وتعالى has given me an exception in women and you just heard it so go away I'm not giving you أم قلتون باك so أم قلتون رضي الله عنها stayed in Medina under the shade of Islam she was learning from سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and soon enough زيد بن حارثة proposed to her and she accepted him but it was not a long time after her marriage that her husband went for and he went to fight for the sake of Allah in the battle of Mu'ta and he passed away he was murdered he was killed in that battle again later on زوبي ربن العوام proposed she got married to him she had one daughter with him موان زينا but she was very harsh and she could not live with him so she asked him for divorce and she had divorce later on عبد الرحمن ابن عوث proposed for her and she got married to him and she had with him ابراهيم and حميد but later on this good husband passed away and after that عمر ابن العوث رضي الله عن proposed to her and she accepted the marriage but it was about one month that she lived with him that she passed away رضي الله عنها the amazing companion أمك الثوم passed away she was a righteous believer a righteous companion of سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم she became a Muslim she struggled with her family but she migrated walking from Mecca to Medina الله سبحانه وتعالى has given her some help along the road الله سبحانه وتعالى also revealed Quran or revealed some ayahs that are bread until today and until the day of judgment this was أمك الثوم رضي الله عنها may Allah be pleased with them and this is all for our session today until we meet insha'Allah next week I pass my Salam Endure Salam to سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


Rhythmic offers high-quality full-depth futures data. You can get rhythmic credentials from both your broker and from Bookmap. Let's go over how to connect to Rhythmic after you have your credentials. The first window you see after opening Bookmap is the Run Options window. If you want to connect to your brokerage account, make sure to select Trading Mode. If you just want to view the live data without trading, both the simulation and the trading options would work. In my case, I will just select Simulation Mode and click OK. For more details about the Run Options menu, please check the link in the description. First, we want to establish a connection. Click on Connections, then Configure and Add a connection and choose Rhythmic under the Platform drop-down window. Type in or copy and paste the username and password you got from Bookmap or your broker here. Now this is important. If you have a data-only account or a paper trading account, under System, choose Rhythmic paper trading. If you have a trading account, choose Rhythmic01. There are some brokers that have their own server for Rhythmic like Apex. If that's the case, just select the relevant one from the list. Note that Rhythmic purchased through Bookmap is always a paper trading account. Under Gateway, choose the server that is closer to you geographically. For me, it's Europe. Checking the Plugin Mode box is relevant for our Trader Pro, which can save you an additional market connection and does bypass CME professional fees when having more than two connections. If you want to establish the connection with our Trader, click the link above to watch the instruction video. Now let's click OK. Go to Connections and click on the new connection you just made. As you can see, a connection failure window appears. This is normal. You need to click here and put in the same Rhythmic login credentials and sign the Rhythmic agreements. As you can see, there are two agreements to sign. Please go over them and agree to the terms. On the second form, check the relevant box. If you are professional or not, and click on Submit. If you're unsure whether you are a non-pro or not, please check the definition from CME using the link in the description. After finishing with the agreements, go back to Bookmap and click Try Again in the same box that appeared before. Now the connection is established. The next step is to add an instrument. Click Plus to add an instrument. Choose Rhythmic under the platform. Now choose the relevant exchange. Let's pause for a moment and go over the exchanges. There are four different exchanges to choose from. CME for indexes and currencies, comics for metals, CBOT for interest rates and agriculture, and NIMEX for energy. Make sure you choose the right one for the instrument you're looking for. For more details, please check the link in the description. Now, after understanding the differences, let's go back to the video. Manually type your symbol of choice. It will not appear in the drop-down window. In the drop-down window, you can only see the history of already subscribed instruments. To know how to type the symbol correctly, go to Help, then Symbols. Let's quickly go over that. Let's say I want the E-mini S&P 500 for March 2023. At the top, I'll find the letter that represents March, which is H. Then find the Rhythmic column and go to the E-mini S&P 500 row. Here I can see I need to type ES. Then the letter that represents the month and then the last digit of the year. So ES for the E-mini S&P 500, H for March and 3 for 2023. Note that not all instruments can be found in this list. If there's an instrument you didn't find here, use the link in the description and go to the official CME site. Let's finish adding an instrument. We need to go back to Bookmap and type ESH3 and click Subscribe. Now you're ready to use Rhythmic.