Always rapping baby forever home. I ain't the pot calling the kettle black I'm the flame keeping the kettle warm and I am the blame for the Renaissance It's cold had the right and recited with down feathers on Black boy tell me how you really feel Cuz I just want to build with you black girl tell me how you really feel I Just want to keep it real with you. Okay. I want to live. Oh, just let me know in a go.  Okay, so let me tell you I Have this one guy in my DM, right? I don't even know this guy. I don't know this guy I Don't know even know why he felt comfortable to even see this send this. Okay first message October 13th boom Can I give you money? Okay, October 14th Can I give you money? October 16th Can I give you money? I'm not responding And you're offering me money You see what I'm saying and guys be wondering like why women be like, oh I want to do to pay this and pay that because guys just be offering it. It just okay So let now we are October 17th, and it's not can I give you money now?  Okay?  Yes And I'm like Still not responding like as you can see through all of these there's no response then he proceeds To send me a video of him and another female What is this? Her back Why do you send me this and then If I had to take a guess I would say just because of the wave right now like everything's overly sexualized You don't see I think a lot of times men get like women My age or older confuse with the Gen Z generation and I've talked to guys who dated younger women and a lot of them just want you to pay their bills and they want to have city girl days Moments, whatever you want to call it guys feel like okay. Well, I'm not gonna approach her this way I'm approach her sexually like To be honest, I wish I knew what would go through a guy mom because I'm like Do you think that she'll answer to you faster if you be sexual?   Pull up or maybe it's something wrong with the dude.  He don't even care who is from or maybe it could be If I provide sex and money Then maybe she would be more prone to calm my way Because if I wasn't providing this maybe she wouldn't even look my way at all because that's the same message is like Can I send you money to like get pictures of your feet? Then there's one guy Oh, let's not start here. And you know, this wasn't he wasn't mean or anything, but I felt like this was Like a little maybe weird for you to ask me he said Will you be my lock screen mamas? And I'm like, I don't know if that was respect for or not Like I'm an axer. Can I put on my lock screen before I actually do it? I don't know, but I just thought that was like Really weird. Okay, but this is Facebook. This is Facebook. Let me go to Instagram. What's worse? Both If you had to give one the edge Instagram Because they be they be saying some wild stuff, Alan They be saying some wild stuff. Let's see and a lot of this be the same thing. Hey, beautiful. Hey gorgeous Hey, beautiful. Hey gorgeous.  I don't like that. I don't is that not strange? Maybe it's just me. Okay Okay Like Okay, so if I was a guy and I know a woman's attractive and I know a lot of Men are trying to you know reach out to her first of all, I wouldn't I say hey beautiful? Just because nine times out of ten Every other guy is saying that to I would not say hey queen Because every other guy is saying that and I believe now the guys are resorting to hey beautiful and hey queen Because they see women call herself queen. So they're like well if I approach her Right one. I have to be interested. So if you hit me up once or twice and I don't respond Don't keep writing Don't do that. That is that'll push a woman away because now they're gonna question. Like is he crazy? It's not like why like why do you keep messaging me? Don't tell her to add you? Don't send hey beautiful and now I know guys remember with that I can't even call her beautiful, but it's like you're trying to get this woman's attention and a million guys are calling her that so I would Look at her page and observe and See what she's interested in So like for me, I love plants so if a guy Reach out to me and say oh, that's a dope plant. What kind of plant is that? I'm gonna be prone to answer him even if I'm not attracted to him I'll probably respond to him because he actually is talking about something that I like So I'm gonna be like oh, this is the this type of plant and then he'll be like Oh, well, you know, I'm trying to get into plants, but I don't know You know the best kind of get and then I'll respond like well I have this this and this it all depends on what you're going that can start a whole dialogue But that's because you're you're actually it's to me. It makes me feel like you you're actually being attentive to me right, right if I post something about Dragon Ball Z and Then you hit me up and be like, yo those posters are sold out where you get that from oh That's another conversation, but it's because I'm interested in it. You didn't just say hey beautiful. Oh, hey Because usually after hey beautiful They don't really know what else to say after that So it's hey beautiful. Hey, how are you? Good. How about yourself good? Okay? What's next, but a platonic conversation can lead so many ways just by a guy Coming at me in a way that it shows that you're actually interested Not just you just want something or you just saying what every other guy is saying if You see me post something about Wanting to go out to eat or to a nice place and you say hi well What type of food do you like and then I start expressing what type of food I like and you're like, oh well There's this restaurant that I know You're you're more than happy where or we could get together and go I Could either say yes or no But the fact that you might get a yes actually because it wasn't like oh, let me pull up Oh, what are you doing? Well, let's link. I hate that. Let's link up Let's leave you trying to link because to me I feel like one of that so you try to link it makes me feel like you try Have sex like if you really want a woman's attention pay attention to her Not how she look but what? May actually interest her if you see she like hiking You don't honestly you don't have to know anything about hiking go on Google And look up a hiking place and start to get creative with your conversations You are so beautiful Thank you. I mean that's that's Are you free this weekend? First of all, he said are like the letter are and then the letter you Free this weekend. No, I'm not Well, one a woman don't like a guy that cannot speak correct grammar. So when you say why you are Sub stuff like that that is so unattractive Because now it makes me feel like one you cannot leave because you can't even speak proper English you like It's different when you talk to your friends and you're comfortable and you guys talk your slain But when you just say are you? It's an immediate turnoff. It's a media turnoff. You are so beautiful. How are you doing beautiful? Hey, how are you? Heartface fire sign like Heartface heartface. I love the pics. You look perfect to me Every female that the guys are attracted to look perfect to him.  I'm on my way to North Carolina now That's a little catchy But still kind of really a little creepy. It's catchy, but creepy Because it's like first of all I Don't even know how he knew North Carolina because on this picture didn't say North Carolina So he had to go through some stuff to actually figure out that I was in North Carolina because I don't ever post my location I don't know. It's just weird with with guys and a lot of women Coming missing and stuff like that for a guy to tell me like he'll come to where I met it's like Have you already been here like do you have you already seen I don't know Do you get what I'm saying? Like it just it just kind of give a little creep vibes a little bit I don't like that.  I don't know you but Yes Yes, yes As you can see a lot of these are heart faces just heart faces heart faces You're not gonna give me conversation because you're not starting anything I've had it and I can't even find it But I've had a guy who sent me a heart face and I liked it. He's like, that's all you got to say I'm like you didn't start a conversation with me. You just hearted a picture um So this guy oh he sent me a paragraph But I just in my heart I feel like he sent everyone this the morning beautiful I don't quite know what it is yet, but something about you calls out to me I can literally feel the connection the love and the affection the insonancy Happiness and comfort is if you were here in person when I look at your picture I get the image joyfully picking you up when I get to see you We don't know each other, but okay I don't know what it means, but I've never been one to neglect internal messages or instincts There must be something worth the confidence to speak if it has the power to reach at such a distance He's very poetic but it's you ever heard those guys this poetic and it sounds like you're trying to be poetic To the point that it doesn't even sound genuine like how many other females have you said this to? Right, right, right. You see the paragraph That's his What is this is how it make me feel like I Don't know you're so beautiful Then this do Sam damn that's you for real so amazing.  I Just wanted to say you look amazing heart heart Fire where you from? I don't know you so I'm probably not now this guy Do you see this? Never responded You ever come to Jersey Flight on me whenever you ready No response so gorgeous One day no response. You're gorgeous Where you from? No response. I never responded to any of them and you you're not stopping And you're probably going to keep continuing to do it And I don't hey, how are you? How can and you haven't even showed us everything but like how can this Really warped somebody's idea of themselves this type of attention constantly It'll make I believe it'll make a woman Feel like she's more than what I'm not gonna say she's not valuable But it's gonna make her feel like she's on a pedestal that she might not be on or love that she might not be on Because it's so many guys, but all of these guys are thirsty Like I've seen the same guys do this and I just so happen to go under somebody else's page and they're under her page, too So it'll make I think they think that they have more options than they really have and that's It's not the case because I'm pretty sure that this same guy So they gonna keep saying it until one answer and that one answer is the one that they gonna go for You just so happen to be one of the ones that he reached out to and I'm not saying the woman doesn't have things going on I have things going on for myself But in reality, I could look through all these messages that's sitting here as you guys can see they're just sitting here. This is They're just they're just there this is and it's because is You have to enjoy that attention And that's the only way cuz the thing is I don't I Personally how you don't enjoy it, but you post stuff on social media It's a difference between posting things on social media because you actually like what you're like this pictures fire The world needs to see this I'm putting it up versus I'm about to post this picture because I'm about to see how many guys actually like this I'm about to see who gonna hit my DMs once I post this picture people do that women actually do that They will post a picture Specifically because they're like let's see who get thirsty this time.  I guess it's a Difficult for me to fully understand in a sense because I've Never done that I Well But this is the thing though I Wouldn't have necessarily Now I got to think about this is the woman really using you if you're offering it and she's taking it Because without you offering it She couldn't receive it But is it is she using you now because you're not getting exactly what you thought you wouldn't get from her It's not like y'all had an intimate relationship y'all live together You was doing all this stuff for her and then she stole your money or She made you feel like she wanted you in a way that she didn't you're offering this to her So she's not really using you Okay, so it started off like this so this is the guy so He would comment on certain things That I had going on and originally I wasn't responding because it was going to like my Message request not to my actually the end so He would say things like Where is Gohan? I see the Dragon Ball Z and it's like Okay, he's he's paying attention. He's paying attention, but I didn't respond so then he I did a Real promoting this drink and he said is that your brand drink if so I will cash up you I only Support you and I know it may be corny, but I got your back is what I'm saying That's what he said And I'm like that's not corny Because it's like so you think so now I got me feeling like Has he dealt with someone that made him feel like him supporting them was corny So he got a response from me. I Wasn't responding before and I'm like it's not corny But this is someone else's brand I'm promoting but I do drink the tea on a daily basis And no gohan. I said that and he said okay, never mind. I'm not cheap, but I do see you work You hustle besides your pictures. So yeah, I would have got some from you. I want to support you Only not someone else is what I'm saying. So he was like if it's not yours. I'm not buying it and it's like Okay, because he was on my previous page. I never followed him so One thing that I respect is the fact that he has to be like He said a fan. I don't like that word fan But he has to be a lawyer supporter or he's very interested because he wound up finding me on my new page So I'm like, okay. Okay, and that's that I appreciate that and I completely understand what you're saying and he said if you ever need help or money or anything Just let me know or even breakfast on me tomorrow. Count me in before you start to worry. I know I'm like I know you're like why would oh, I know. I'm like, why would I help her? I don't know It's just the vibe that you give So I'm like Okay, like I still don't like receiving money from guys, but I'm like He was pretty nice. He wasn't too pushy, you know overbearing. It wasn't like that and it it made me feel like He was coming from a genuine place Because he was talking about things that I was actually interested in in the beginning. I told him That I don't know I don't like people don't stop for me But I appreciate when people offer Because you don't have to I wouldn't want you to do anything like that um, I Think I last conversation I was telling you like I had lost my job. So now I'm just like Doing everything I can that I'm talented in or talented at But I mean I've been on my own since 19, so I've always made it happen And that was my response, right? I Could have been like, okay. Go ahead. Send me the money, but then he said I Know it hear me out. Okay. Most people may look at you and see that she has like a nice body When I saw you first the first time I asked are you okay? You get me like no, I'm not I'm trying to read this Because it's right, right. It was like no, I'm not that's a sign now. I asked you like You lost your job, etc. Another sign. I don't even talk to you like that I just see the pictures and see the face. I see it. No, I'm not a psychic um I'm like a behind the scenes guy when times get rough. I'm there That's more dope when you cry. I was there. Oh When you cry, I'm there. That's better to me.  I see it in you if I hit you up to action. Are you okay or you need money? It's because I feel like something's off So it got to a point where he was like look, we're not kids If you need help, I'm gonna help you matter of fact I'm what you eating today I'm gonna send you some money for dinner and guess what? He sent me money for dinner and I was like, I don't want this He was like, I'm not accepting it back. So you have no choice but to accept it We've never text. He don't have my number. Nothing But you know the thing is like Just like it's it's it's innate for women to want to nurture It's innate for men to want to provide and protect Like our default setting is like and that's why you'll see like Some sugar daddy's and shit like that.  I want to know that somebody is going to this young lady I'm interested Will you be my date for the grand opening of my new club now I follow you I know this person And all I see is him with different women on his story all the time No, I don't I don't I don't want to go my response was oh, no I'd be seeing you with different women frequently on your story.  Oh, well laughing emoji I'm not trying to be another one on your list He said Worry about the wrong thing all celebrities have fans Well, first of all, you're not a celebrity You're known. I mean you may be a celebrity to some people. I don't know but You saying a fan but you're dancing up on these women you like look like You could probably take her home tonight and do some things for a little bit change You feel me so I'm like I Said It's the wrong thing to you, right But the right thing to me. He said it's cool. You're still young and overly opinionated So I said it's so interesting how you asked me to be your date and once I didn't respond how you felt I should then you turn around and say I'm young and overly opinionated, but I'll take that That's what I said He said this is coming from the chick who turned into a ass model You don't even work out facing the camera anymore.  I said, okay You see why I said no You couldn't wait to disrespect me, huh? Because in the very beginning You wanted me to beat your date Right, but now that I said I'm not interested Now You are throwing all these things All these like insults at me. So I said if you felt this negative And ill about me why even invite me as a date? I never disrespected you. I just brought up a known fact, but it's okay I hope you have a blessed day love He said it's a fact I said, okay, he said I've been watching your story since I met you and my food truck behind press box Okay I said again if you If you feel this negative Then why asked me to be your date? He said he never answered He just kept like throwing insults.  He said it again He said they're not negative. They're facts. Okay. I said, but it's okay. Call me what you want I'm still not going to disrespect you. So go for it So even though I could have got disrespectful with him But I didn't do that So he said my mother always said sometimes things aren't negative. You just perceived him that way But did you not just do the same thing? What what kept you engaged? Because I know him Because I know him if I didn't know him Then to be honest, I wouldn't say I wouldn't have responded But because I know him I'm like, okay, let me have this dialogue because I want him to understand like Bro Every female is not going to say yes every guy don't say yes to me But just because I I stayed a known fact if you If you have females in your story You're throwing insults at me because I didn't respond the way you felt I only said one thing to you because I didn't want to be a date to your you could He could have just like okay cool if that's how you feel But instead you just decided to insult the same woman that you just asked to be your date And then you called me young and then you said that I was overly Opinionated so you felt this way before you even asked me. So why did you ask? Okay, so then I said Then he said I said again, if you felt this way, you shouldn't ask me to be your date He said not disrespect at all.  How did this end?  Okay, so I'll say this I'ma I'ma add this part and then I'll tell you I said if I'm pushing workouts to help women build their glutes naturally Then of course, you'll see my butt more But if it bothers you, you are free to unfollow me. I've seen your story. You're not perfect. So please keep the insults I said, I'm done with this conversation Have a blessed day and congratulations on your new venture I'm wishing you nothing but prosperity and success heart He responded and I never responded back and he said you're like this dj. I know No matter how much I help him. He still thinks it's all about him, but need people to be successful with anything That had nothing to do with the topic But I never responded and guess what you think he don't follow me No, you think he'd be watching all my stories. Yes That was something called for For what? Why? And you're older than me never brought up the I don't know island. I don't know like I get rejected Men reject me but men do cannot take rejection easily And that's another reason why women carry this so so masculine Because if a guy's attracted to her and she's not attracted he won't just let it go He's gonna find limits to disrespect her It's cool. You're not the only one I would be with I have a few ladies there that that night So You're gonna embarrass me Like bro, really? Do you not think that's crazy? Am I tripping? Okay, so let's keep going because y'all Y'all see me with my hand on my on the side of my temple because I'm I'm still scrolling. I'm still Because I'm still scrolling only because all of these people they're saying the same thing Hey, beautiful. Hey, like it's just all the same thing. Hey.  No, I'm not No island Like Follow me back boo I'm not doing that you Do that four to five four to five a day four to five a day of the same thing like over and over and over and over again And it's just like it's to the point now that I don't even look at them because it it makes me feel like This is just going to be the same thing over and over and over again like it's And you know, a lot of guys say females be so pressed because the dudes in the DM why you got women that don't even be paying attention to that Because when I go in there, it's just like I'm literally scrolling like this It's not interesting not interesting nothing Nothing I do look at the profile picture, but this is the theme I have Like to do this or are you free this weekend are with the letter are you he has a picture with a ski mask on No, you look like you might kitten at me.  Oh, she Okay Her bio 1111 I wonder what that means Like what is that and she's a capricorn. Okay Health and fitness so that means she likes to stay in shade. She works out. Okay, let me For promo or book and send DM. Okay, so hmm. I wonder what kind of business You know, she's doing I would look at my bio because a lot of guys don't pay attention You want me to tell you how I know that because I'm on hinge, right? And there are guys who will reach out to me and be like Oh, so Like they'll have a car right like a sports car.  So she's disciplined Hmm Okay She got a workout Okay, all right. So she's about her business She has she has good skin. She has a nice shape. Okay I wonder do she edit her videos or do somebody else edit her videos for her Oh And if you look through half of her pictures, she don't even she don't she don't really use filters like that So this is probably how she really look. Okay She got a camera there routine And this is her car Okay Like right there I've named like six or seven things that guys could start a conversation with other than hey beautiful Mmm 11 11 a simple question. What does 11 11 mean? That's a whole spill because it's it's 11 11 Is so significant in my life because of the meaning behind it that right there can turn into a Long dialogue and something that I would want to talk about all the time health and fitness What would you like? You know to put a bow on it. What would you like? guys who are watching this boys who are watching this to take away from Like because we just gave them behind the scenes, you know saying what so what what's the lesson here?  Want y'all together? But do not hey beautiful beautiful me to death before you even get to know me Or that thing poking You don't think I know that like them you see the pictures like you don't have to tell me that my thing is thinking because I know it's thinking You know what I'm saying just it's so many other ways to say it so You don't have to tell me just be Like like but this is a thing I would like to say that men should approach it, but I feel like men approach things based off of the type of person they are


Carbon nanomaterials have been used in a variety of applications since ancient times, but only recently have they become more widely utilized due to their unique physical and chemical properties. These properties make them ideal candidates for use in energy storage and conversion, drug delivery, electronics, composites, sensors, and other fields. As the world's energy demands continue to increase, carbon nanomaterials offer promising solution to meeting this challenge. This article was authored by Salisyn Nasser, Mohamed Zober Hussein, Zulkarnan Zainal, and others.


Patriot Prime Reviews is a channel for adult collectors and may not be suitable for children under 13 years of age viewer discretion is advised Hey, what's going on guys? Patriot Prime here once again with another Transformers review, but before I get started I need you guys to do me a favor if you're watching this video right here and are not a subscriber of Patriot Prime Reviews Please hit that subscribe button right now. It won't cost you a thing Will help me and my channel out tremendously. Also, make sure and visit my sponsor toyhacks.com Toyhacks provides reproduction and upgrade decal sets for transformer toys from generation one to the latest modern figures Make sure and stop by the toyhacks armory where they can equip your figures with new weaponry in multiple colors and toy stages provides backdrops for figure displays and photography Each purchase with toyhacks earns you RoboSense that can be used for future purchases. You can check your balance anytime in your cart Toyhacks is a company run by collectors for collectors So check out toyhacks.com and make your collection stand out from the rest and tell them Patriot Prime sent you now onto the review The featured box in this video is the Transformers War for Cybertron Earthrise Micromasters Astro Squad with Blastmaster and Fuser taking a close look at the packaging You've got the Astro Squad right there in robot mode nice artwork of their space shuttle mode right there and I Believe this is the third space shuttle that the Earthrise line has you've got Astro Train who is a carryover from Siege you got Skylinks and now you've got these guys So that's pretty cool back in the package. You've got the Astro Squad Blastmaster and Fuser in robot mode There is their space shuttle mode and there they are positioned on Ironworks so now without further ado Let's get these guys ripped open out of the package and see if they're as out of this world as they look and Welcome to Patriot Prime reviews Now once you get the Astro Squad all open and out of the packaging you'll see they do come with a sheet of Instructions and just like all the modern Transformers these instructions are very well illustrated and very easy to follow But with these two guys you really don't need these instructions. So here we have Fuser and Blastmaster We'll go ahead and take a look at Fuser first. This is a decent looking robot. I dig this guy He's really cool looking and I love the fact. He has molded in Blasters you can actually see the fist sculpted in and he's wielding these blasters He is dual wielding and ready for some action and I love that face sculpt. It looks like he's smirking He's got a shit-eating grin on his face Ready to take on some Decepticons and those little blasters are Blast effect compatible. Let's get these on there So there you go, that is really really cool Lots of nice molded details on the guy take a look at the chest here Molded details there got some paint applications. They're on the stomach. He's got some blue Underwear molded details down on the legs Articulation for the guy arms can do a complete 360. They're on a ball joint. They can go up They can go down legs up and down as well And he has a knee bend and there is a waist rotation But the waist is locked in with this backpack here And as you can see he's got quite a bit of a backpack so you would have to pop this open move the backpack down to get the waist rotation, but that's mainly for Transformation and speaking of transformation. Let's go ahead and get this guy in his alt mode So let's go ahead with the backpack you're gonna flip this nose cone up and push that down over the head Right here now at the backpacks out of the way you're gonna rotate the waist a complete 360 peg these feet together and Rotate this section around now. We're gonna bring the arms push those up and forward and You just kind of line up everything make sure the Blasters get tucked up and under his legs Everything it's pegged in this section flips down And there is fusers alt mode if it is this little Shuttle and yes, this piece itself is supposed to be a shuttle by itself He's got little thrusters right there on the back that are also blast effect compatible So now you have this little escape shuttle launching off Lots of nice details on this I love the blue paint right there for the windows the black for the nose cone looks really really good So that is fuser now we're going to take a look at Blastmaster This guy my biggest problem with him right out of the package. He is ungodly top heavy. I mean I had to really Manipulate him to get him to stand for this shot I had to spread the legs and angle him forward But there is a lot of junk in this guy's trunk Taking a closer look at him very nice looking robot mode as well Not as much details on him as fuser, but still he's not bad very plain with the wings He needed a Autobot logo or two aside from the product advertisement there I Hate that But anyway a decent looking robot nonetheless arms can do a complete 360 though They are going to hit the wings and the backpack No waist articulation legs can go up and down and there is a knee bend big wingspan though, so He's he's alright. He's He's the weaker of the two robots now to transform this guy He's a little bit more complicated. The first thing you want to do is flip up this tail fin Get that up out of the way Now you can flip the head back and you're going to push up this little peg right here All the way in so it looks like that now you're going to take the legs there's a little peg right here peg these together and Rotate those around making sure they once again peg There's pegs right there that go with those slots on the bottom of the feet Get those lined up pegged in place Now that this is all attached you're going to take the arms There's a little peg right there by the fist and you're going to peg those into the slots there on the hips So get those pegged in Okay, now that those pegs tabs are in you got tabs right here on the wings and down here on the arm You want to make sure these line up and tab into place as well. They will click and There we have blast master in his alt mode now. This looks like the rear of a shuttle, but you're wrong. This is a Separate vehicle as well. You can make out the tiny bridge right here on top though It does use or does need some paint applications But that supposedly is its own little vehicle and of course it's blast effect compatible here on the back peg those in and There we go But of course you guys know already that these two can combine together You got these slots right here that will match up to these pegs and They actually peg together Very well, and now we have the astro squad in their combined form of a NASA Shuttle and that is so awesome that NASA Let's Hasbro use their name on these shuttles it adds a little bit more touch of realism Though the shuttle seems to have a little bit of an angle to it I've tried and tried you just can't get that thing straight, but it still looks really good Great paint applications though. It could use just a little bit more tweaks I'm hoping toy hacks will come up with something for these two But this is a really nice looking shuttle and of course you can add those bigger blast effects here on the back To really make it look like this guy is taking off. I dig it. This thing is Awesome, I really like the space shuttles that we're getting in this new Earthrise line And I love having these two because the astro squad is one generation one Micro master set that I don't have Now just like all the new modern micro masters the astro squad also features a lame weapon mode So what you can do is you got two different five millimeter pegs you can use one here on the Tip of the shuttle by the nose cone you can flip out and there's another one right here on the end So flip either one of those out fold the wings up and let's grab ourselves an Autobot here like Optimus Prime Go ahead and get the shuttle in his hand There we go And now we add blast effects and now we have Optimus Prime wielding a Nass salt rifle That is just That's ridiculous, but there's an option if you so choose and Now for some quick size comparisons here is the transformers war for Cybertron Earthrise astro squad With battle master pinpointer battle master smashdown and The micro master rescue patrol The transformers war for Cybertron Earthrise micro master astro squad is a fun set of figures I absolutely love all the new micro masters we're getting Especially these combiner teams as I said earlier This is one team that I don't have in generation one. So it's so cool to finally have some version of them I love the articulation on the figures. I love Phasers or fuses molded in phasers. It looks really really cool and the shuttle mode man Like I said earlier, it's out of this world. So there you have it guys the transformers war for Cybertron Earthrise astro squad So does the transformers war for Cybertron Earthrise astro squad belong in your collection? Absolutely, these are fun little figures and I love the fact they turn into another space shuttle I mean we're getting so many space shuttles now in the Earthrise line It is so cool, especially now that NASA is allowing their trademark their name on these transformers That is really really cool. And yeah, I love these guys I think they're great. If you see them, don't hesitate pick them up. I found mine on Amazon for $9.99 So I'll put a link in the description of the video Like I said really fun figures and I'm glad I have them in the collection now guys If you enjoyed the video, don't forget to like don't forget to subscribe and don't forget to click that bell icon To get notified when I upload new reviews. Once again, this is Patriot Prime signing out Hula


I ask those who are leaving the chamber to do so as quickly and as quietly as possible. Can I also remind members that Covid-related measures are still in place in the chamber around the Holyrood campus? Face coverings should be worn when moving around the chamber and accessing your seat. The final item of business is a member's business debate on motion 1042, in the name of Michael Marra, on action on brain injury and football. The debate will be concluded without any questions being put. Would those members wish to speak in the debate, please press their request-to-speak buttons now or as soon as possible, or if they are joining us remotely press R in the chat function? I call on Michael Marra to open the debate for a generous seven minutes, Mr Marra. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer, and thank you to all those members from all five parties who supported the motion and my Labour colleagues for allowing me to lead the debate. Cross-party support is a very small reminder of the universality of football, our national sport, our national obsession and a force that, at its best, can bring unity and joy, the beautiful game. A few years ago, headlines relating the dementia suffered by a Scottish football great were shocking. Now we see them every few weeks. The late great Billy McNeill was a player that would have led any team in any era. His skill was considerable but he was also a man blessed with strategic understanding, tactical cunning and a depth of emotional intelligence. He was articulate, funny and a born leader. We knew instinctively what the cause of his dementia had been. From the snippets of news, the mention of Geoff Astel's name, that great header of the ball from West Brom, who had suffered dementia, a vague idea that the number of diagnoses was growing. Now we hear of them constantly. Gordon Wallace scored Dundee's 1973 league cup winner. Gordon McQueen headed Scotland to victory at Wembley in 1977. The greatest, perhaps the greatest, Dennis Law, our most powerful centre forward, dominant in the air for Manchester United and Scotland. All have gone public with their diagnosis in recent weeks. We will hear more in the weeks, months and years to come. That is now inevitable. For these are the ones that we know of. Many families of household names choose to preserve their privacy, to maintain their public dignity when dementia has stripped them of so much. Then there are those whose names would not command headlines but who played, entertained, loved the game and who now suffer. The research undertaken by Dr Willie Stewart of the University of Glasgow is very clear. A professional goalkeeper has the same chance of developing dementia as any citizen. A striker is three and a half times more likely to suffer and a defender five times more likely. Dennis Law said of his own diagnosis, what else would it be? That was what caused damage to the brain. You were heading the ball, which was quite heavy in those days, but you did not think about it. We just thought it was normal. This is not, and we must be clear, a debate about concussion. The medical condition here comes from repeated brain trauma from the repeated heading of a football on the pitch and in training. The striker Chris Sutton, who lost his beloved footballer father to dementia, estimates his own repetitive trauma amounting to 70,000 times heading the ball across his career. Chris has backed this campaign and is calling on Scotland to show leadership. Simply put, for a generation of our greats, this is injury time and time is running out. Our injury time campaign, launched on Sunday before the Dundee Derby and ahead of today's debate, has three demands for the Scottish Government and Scottish footballing authorities. Classify brain injury and football as an industrial injury. Fund research into the practical and preventative support that is needed in the game. Establish a working group to consider the issues around brain injury and dementia, including in the grass-roots game. Brian Whittle, I am very grateful for taking interventionists as a subject. I have a great interest in what I spoke about in the last session. Do you agree that there is a lot more research to be done here, especially around the impact in pre-16, when bone density is not fully formed compared to laterally? In advancements in technology, in terms of how heavy the ball is, there is a lot more research to be done here. Perhaps the way forward, just now, is that what we have done in the US is to stop the under-16s from heading the ball and training. Michael Marra. I would certainly agree that there is a significant amount more research that is required. Dr Willie Stewart, whom I met last week, compared the repeated heading of the ball to the punches from a sparring partner in boxing repeatedly, every day, all day in training many, many times. For a young person, some of that impact is just the same as it would be for an adult, but much more needs to be done to model the impact of that and better understand it. In training, heading of the ball for under-12 has already been prevented as banned. As a youth football coach, I know that we do not do heading drills. In the game, you cannot head the ball, but you do not have repeated drills. I think that there is a big debate about young people, and I will come on to speak a little bit more about that in the participation in it. I thank you for the question. On those who have suffered already, the issue pertains to the idea of industrial injury and people who have been professionals. The Industrial Injuries Advisory Council advises UK ministers on which injuries should be recognised in the industrial injuries disablement benefits. Those benefits are devolved but are being run by the Department of Work and Pensions under an agency agreement at this moment in time. In a paper considering Covid as an occupational disease, the council noted that, in considering the question of prescription, the council searches for a practical way to demonstrate in the individual case that the disease can be attributed to occupational exposure with reasonable confidence. For this purpose, reasonable confidence is interpreted as being based on the balance of probabilities. In this instance, the balance of probabilities test has been met. The Scottish Government must classify dementia former footballers as an industrial injury when it assumes responsibility for that benefit. What of now, a generation of footballers recently retired know that this is coming for many of them? How can we best support them, advise them to take their own preventative action in the coming years? Urgent research is required on that issue also.  They dream of goals and the joy they have when they score them lights me up. We have banned heading for under-12s, but what happens next? What steps will we take to protect them? What of the women's game and what can we do to ensure that protections are in place for them as their game continues its rapid and very welcome growth? The wise old men of Mount Florida created the modern game by playing the ball on the ground. They passed it rather than hoofing it long like English contemporaries. Had God intended football to be played in the air, he would have put grass in the clouds. Now may be the moment for Scotland to reinvent the game again. Let us start by honouring all those memories, by honouring heroes who suffered for having entertained us. I want to close with Frank Cappell and his widow Amanda, who first watched her childhood sweetheart at the age of 10, heading the ball against the wall of his house hour after hour. She followed his career from Manchester United to my own club Dundee United. She watched as he scored a goal for the ages against Anderlecht under the great Jim McLean. Amanda nursed Frankie through dementia, fought for justice for Frankie and those who suffered as he did, and she cradled Frankie in her arms as he breathed his last. That is undoubtedly, indisputably, industrial injury. I hope that the Scottish Government recognises that tonight and we can start the work of getting these men and their families the support that they deserve. I thank Michael Marra for bringing this motion forward today. I have a rugby family and have also been a child protection officer for a local rugby club in Aberdeen for many years. I am very sensitive and very supportive of the work to improve safety in sport. As members will recall, I asked a question on this very issue earlier this month following the news that Dennis Law, Scotland's joint all-time leading football scorer, had confirmed his own diagnosis of mixed dementia. The beautiful game is an essential part of life for many, generations of boys and girls, idolising their favourite players, posters on bedroom walls, stickers swapped at school and players reinvented as characters in computer games. But behind the glamour, however, football players are first and foremost human beings with friends and families who love and support them. I know the emotion felt when a pal, a brother, a father is diagnosed with dementia. As a constituency MSP in Aberdeen, my thoughts turned to two individuals in particular. Firstly, Jimmy Calderwood, Aberdeen team manager for five years during the 2000s, leading the team into the later stages of a European competition. Mr Calderwood went public with his own diagnosis of Alzheimer's in 2017 but maintained a very positive attitude in managing his condition and enjoying life. I understand that he is open minded that heading the ball may have been a factor behind his diagnosis. Don's fans through the 1970s will remember Chick McClelland, who made over 150 appearances for Aberdeen but sadly suffered from early onset dementia for 10 years. I am aware that Mr McClelland's family believed that football may well have played a part in his diagnosis. I note the research that Michael Marra referred to by Professor Willie Stewart, who found that former football players are three and a half times more likely to die of neurodegenerative disease compared to non-footballers. Outfield players are four times more likely to suffer from brain disease and defenders—the position played by Mr McClelland were found to be five times more likely to suffer from dementia. Sadly, it would appear that Mr McClelland's family had good reason to believe that heading footballs contributed to his condition. Likewise, having played as a midfielder, Mr Calderwood's risk may have been increased, too. In her answer to my question, the Minister for Public Health, Women's Health and Sport confirmed the Scottish Government as in regular contact with the SFA. I was encouraged to hear that the SFA has produced guidance on heading for clubs and coaches to follow. To know that there are specific guidance for primary and secondary school children is reassuring so that future generations of footballers do not face the same risks as those in the past or, indeed, the present. I also welcomed the Scottish Government plans to substantially increase funding for Scotland's NHS and social care system to ensure that older people, including football players, living with dementia receive the care that they need. We all know how important it is to encourage people, especially children and young people, to participate in sporting activities. I commend the work of researchers in the field of brain injury and sport and many others who have helped to raise the profile of this important issue and worked so hard to improve safety in football and other similar sports. It is vital that this work is supported and continued. To conclude, Presiding Officer, I am pleased to support Michael Marra in bringing this issue to the attention of the Scottish Government. I will be following developments very closely and doing what I can to ensure that this work continues, not just at national level but also at international level. The history of democracy in this country is a story of converting privileges into rights, the right to equality, the right to access to the justice system and even the right to vote itself. All that history tells us is that each generation has got to fight many of the same battles over and over again. As our forebears fought for the recognition of asbestosis and mesothelioma as industrial diseases, that pneumoconeosis was caused by hazardous working conditions, that deafness among factory workers resulted from a failed duty of care to them, so today we are fighting for a recognition that there is a direct link between playing professional football and a dramatically heightened risk of dementia. We will no doubt hear from the minister that we need more research, that we need to prove and prove absolutely cause and effect, and the minister will tell us that she is exploring links and considering further inquiry. However, I have to say that it is simply not fast enough, far enough or good enough to simply say that we cannot act until we get more research. There is enough of a link proved already, so my question is how many families, how many former footballers are going to have to suffer before we see action. In my view, it can no longer be denied that there is a direct link between a career in football and a heightened risk of dementia. It may be head impact, it may be head injury, it may be neither, it may be both. Of course, even in the grimest of situations, humour can be found. I am reminded of one of the late John Lambie's stories. One of his partic thistle players was injured after a head knock and when the physio shouted over to the bench, he must be concussed. He is asking who he is, Lambie shouted back, tell him his peli and get him playing again. Of course, the serious point here, the powerful fact is that the status of a professional footballer is different to an amateur footballer. The players that we are predominantly talking about in this debate were professional and so were party to a contract of employment. That means that their employer had a duty of care to them, but it also meant that they were in a master-servant relationship. The relations of power were and still are very unequal. That for me is the clinching argument. I will take an intervention. I agree with a lot of what is being said here, but I think that we had this conversation before in private that the issue here will be, from a legal perspective, not from proving that heading a ball can cause dementia or as a contributing dementia, but from proving that it was done during a professional contract and that the issue that we have to face here is how do we make sure that a professional footballer is taken into account when a legal team may argue that the contributing factor was when he was an amateur beforehand? How do we square that circle? I am very happy to recompense the time there, Mr Leonard. Those are not insurmountable problems because we face them with mesothelioma and asbestosis. I draw on a personal example of a friend of mine who worked in several industries in the Royal Navy. When his case came to court, the insurers of the employer he was pursuing said, how do you know it is us? How do you know it is not the navy? How do you know it is not this former employer? In the end, they conceded the ground and made the compensatory payment. Those are not insurmountable to any good personal injury lawyer to pursue and to track down. I am pretty clear that the case that we are making tonight, which is the start of a campaign and not the end of a campaign, is one that is worth pursuing. The long-established industrial injuries disablement benefit, which has been transferred under the Scotland Act 2016 to this Parliament, we hope, as early as next year, in the shape of a devolved employment injury assistance payment, makes it all the more relevant that we are debating this tonight, because we are at a junction where action can be taken, where a decisive intervention can be made by the Minister and the Scottish Government. I say to the Government that if they do not act, then today will definitely not be the end of the campaign, but it will simply be the beginning of the campaign. Mr Leonard, I call Maurice Golden, who will be followed by Mark Griffin again around four minutes. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I thank Michael Marra for bringing this important debate to the chamber. I grew up playing youth football and then 22 seasons of amateur football amassing around 800 games, but until recently there was no indication or general awareness that every time a footballer headed the ball it could be contributing to a permanent brain injury. That an action so central to the game itself could have had such significant long-term consequences is deeply worrying. I commend all the research undertaken on the subject to shine a light on the issue, including from Dr Stuart from Glasgow University, whose leading research found that professional footballers were up to five times more likely to die of a degenerative brain disease than the general population. Scottish footballers, including Billy McNeill, Dennis Law, Gordon Wallace and countless others, have been affected by the issue. That includes Frank Cappell, whose eventual death, caused by dementia, led to the introduction of Frank's law, thanks to the tireless campaigning of his wife, Amanda. Amanda has now turned her attention to leading the injury time campaign that we are here to debate today, a call to action that we must give serious attention to. As for funding research into the practical and preventative support that is needed in the game, the Scottish football authorities and the Scottish Government have a leading role to play. However, that is a global issue. Facing the sport and effective funding for that would be small change for the likes of FIFA and UEFA and the major leagues around the world, and I would call them to do more. I would be very supportive of the establishment of a working group to consider the issues around brain injury and dementia, and I would be particularly supportive of including the grass-root scheme. The impacts of that are starting to be understood among ex-professional footballers, and they are likely to be heading the ball with more frequency and ferocity than the recreational counterparts. However, there are tens of thousands of Scots who play football at lower levels, whereby Saturday and Sunday football has been a way of life for them since childhood. Sometimes they are playing their way well into their forties or even fifties. For some, the frequency of heading the ball may not be dissimilar to their professional counterparts, particularly for centre-backs. In terms of classifying brain injury as an industrial injury, that is an area that I would like to see more detail on, particularly the nuances and impacts of the lower levels of professional, semi-professional and junior game. I thank the member for giving way. Does he agree that there is an opportunity here for the Scottish Government to establish something social security Scotland to model a new way of doing this? In current circumstances, we would take test cases, the kind of legal action that Mr Whittle described previously, that we can do that in a better way and a more dignified way in Scotland and consider the medical evidence in the round and have a more speedy decision. Is that an opportunity that he would support? I think that it is an opportunity that we need to explore further. There are a number of nuances. I can think of players who I played with who played professionally, perhaps for only one game, for example, and then went to play amateur for the rest of the time. There are some issues, particularly legal issues, around who would be liable in such a case to work out, but we absolutely should be looking into this to see if those legal minds can work that through. Certainly, there is more. You have got Dave Nairie for Dundee United, played for one club for the vast majority of his career until Wraith Rovers, and you could see a far more compliant link in that case. The importance of football to our fabric of our nation and national psyche is significance, and the importance of the game for those who play and love it cannot be overstated. However, the issue of brain injury is a critical issue in sport and one that needs to be better understood. Thank you very much, Mr Golden. I now call Mark Griffin, who joins us remotely. Again, Mr Griffin, around four minutes please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Sorry, I cannot be in the chamber with everyone for this debate this afternoon, but I fully support Malcolm R's motion and welcome the opportunity to ensure that the trauma of our footballers does not go unheard. I think that establishing a working group is a vital step. There is not a body in Scotland that could consider the evidence on brain injury and make recommendations to support and protect former and current players. As the motion says, we must get together the sports governing bodies, consider the issues and consider the growing body of it of research, which is clearly urgent. I am particularly keen that we agree that brain injury should be an industrial disease. We have new major powers that could be focused to provide support to those suffering now through Social Security Scotland. Dr William Stewart's findings, as Michael Marra highlighted, there is a three and a half times more chance of death from a neurodegenerative disease and a fivefold increase in Alzheimer's disease amongst those who wear former footballers substantiates the growing link between former professional footballers and conditions such as dementia. When evidence does emerge and we see heart-breaking experiences like that of Dennis Law and Billy McNeill and the other examples that we have heard, we should use that knowledge to act. Just yesterday, I re-logged my proposal for a Scottish employment injuries advisory council bill to establish an independent body that researches, shapes and scrutinises the benefits that are available to those who are injured through their work, because there is no such body set up in Scotland right now. Although the funding for any such payment runs through the Scottish budget, our powers over industrial injuries, disablement and benefit are not being exploited in any practical sense at all nor is the Scottish Government thinking about the illnesses and diseases acquired in modern workplaces affecting workers right now. However, Michael Marra is right that evidence is clear and on the balance of probabilities tests, where incidents of a disease and a specific occupation is twice the rate of another, that has clearly been met. However, the Scottish Government does not seem to be prepared to classify dementia among professional footballers as an industrial injury. Given that the current scheme is increasingly outdated, out-of-depth with modern work, with modern working patterns and the harms encountered by workers, there is much more that can be done to support people injured through their work. When I asked the First Minister in December about prescribing long Covid as an industrial disease, the Government deferred to waiting on the view of the UK advisory council, which advised the UK Government not yet. However, that should have been a Scottish advisory council that was asked, one with mandated trade union membership, along with scientists and legal experts who can scrutinise the evidence and advise on changes to Scotland's benefit system. However, no such council has been established. Unions, including the GMB, UNITE, USDO and others, including the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents and academics, including Professor Andrew Waterson at Stirling University, back that bill that would propose that we assemble those experts and have a powerful statutory body independent of government with the authority and tools to secure an employment injury system for purpose. Like key workers in the NHS, social care shop workers and bus drivers or train staff with long Covid, our footballers' illness has arisen from their line of work, simply from doing their jobs. Securing changes to the new benefit for those who have unknowingly sacrificed their health for our entertainment would be a bold sign that we are willing to support all workers injured through their work. We have a generational chance to deliver an industrial injuries benefit system that is fit for the 21st century, reflecting the modern harms workers face and we should take it. I now call Carol Mocken, who will be the last speaker in the open debate. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer, and I also thank Michael for bringing this very important debate to the chamber. The increased number of former professional footballers speaking publicly about their dementia diagnosis in recent years has undoubtedly encouraged increased research into the links between playing sport professionally and being diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, it is the bravery of those former professionals in speaking out that means that we can have this debate today. I therefore want to take this opportunity to encourage the Scottish Government to act purposefully to support those who are currently living with dementia and those who are currently playing the sport and may be worried about the impacts that may have in later life. Others have quoted the statistics around the increased link, so I will not repeat that. In my research, the University of Glasgow found that, although the likelihood of being diagnosed with a disease such as dementia may vary depending on career length, it does not vary depending on the era during which a player played, which confirms that perhaps we have made little progress to make the game safer, which is an important point. The diagnosis of those former footballers comes from an injury caused at work. That is the link. Football is today a global multibillion-pound industry where a decent career can ensure financial stability for life. However, for those playing in the 50s and 60s in the 70s, that was not always the case. Their commitment to football often only just managed to pay the bills and put food on the table. It is important that many professional footballers today are not paid the breathtaking figures that we read about in relation to high-profile players, and they continue to play football just like the rest of us do a job that makes them much more susceptible to conditions such as dementia than the average person. Wider discussions in the football and health communities need to be—they have to look at reducing the incidence of dementia among professional footballers in the future. As I have said, there is a clear link. That is an industrial injury. It is in the power of the Scottish Parliament right now to make a change to write a historic wrong, to lead the way and to classify such instances as cases of industrial injury. Doing so would be entitled to receive the industrial injury disabling benefit, as others have said, and to have that fact that they were injured at work recognised by the state an important step. It would be perhaps a small yet important step, and it is supported by the PFA Scotland and the GMB, as others have said. It would go towards helping former professionals who are affected and to take a great step for the future for people who may be worried at the moment. The personal stories of those former professionals and their families, we can all agree, are devastating. Too many lives have already been lost and too many more will unduly suffer if there is inaction. The Scottish Government has the power to act, and the interests of supporting and protecting our former, current and future professional players, I would support Michael's motion and hope that the Government will do more and with purpose before it is too late for many. I now call on Marie Todd to respond on behalf of the Scottish Government Minister around seven minutes, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I want to thank Michael Marra for raising this motion about a very important issue. Tonight's debate has raised a lot of questions which highlights just how complicated this issue is. The Scottish Government wants people to be able to take part in sport and physical activity within a safe environment, head injuries and sport has been a growing concern for a number of years, and I want to mention the changes and practices that our sporting governing bodies have implemented to protect their players of all ages and abilities. I am really proud that Scotland produced the first concussion national guidance and continues to refresh this using the latest international research. Dr Niall Elliott and his team at the Sports Scotland Institute for Sport, along with lead clinicians from our sporting governing bodies, came together to produce the guidelines and continue to review them. It is not as simple as just publishing guidance and leaving it there. Education is the best way to protect those participating in sport. Education for coaches, parents, medical staff and players alike is vital so that when someone receives a head knock, they get consistent advice on what to do and a pathway for getting the appropriate rest before considering going back to sport. A recent UK Parliament committee published a report into concussion where Scotland's approach was noted in a positive light. As one of the recommendations for the UK Government is to create a UK-wide set of guidelines, officials in active Scotland have already begun discussions with DCMS on how our guidelines were created and how a joined-up approach would work, ensuring that guidance can be amended to reflect changes in research. Although that is a positive step forward, a lot of discussions tonight have focused on the care for players who have retired from playing sport and in particular football. There has been a growing number, as many have mentioned, of former footballers who have bravely come forward to say that they have a diagnosis of dementia. My thoughts go out to them and their families. I commend those ex-players, including recently Dennis Law, whom my Aberdonian colleague has reminded me. He is still the only Scottish winner of the FIFA Ballon d'Or for taking that public step, which also helps not only to increase awareness of how the progression of dementia impacts on those infected and their families, but also helps to tackle the stigma. The Scottish Government is committed to increasing our knowledge of the possible links between neurodegenerative disease, including dementia and sports-related brain injury. We recognise a call to establish a working group on the issue, and we will respond to that in due course as part of our on-going consideration of the issue. A university of Glasgow study and lifelong health outcomes in former professional footballers, especially in relation to dementia, was published in 2019 and contained evidence of a possible increased risk of dementia for professional ex-footballers. Further work is under way to establish why footballers and rugby players might be at greater risk, and we will also give full consideration to the report that was published in August, led by Dr Willie Stewart. We remain in close contact with experts at the Sports Scotland Institute of Sport and the chief medical officer at the Scottish FF, and we will work with all partners, including PFA Scotland, to carefully consider emerging evidence and former footballers developing dementia. I want to quickly mention the guidance that the Scottish FF has issued on heading a football to all clubs and coaches, where heading is not permitted under 12s and is slowly introduced as the players get older. Again, guidance is there and it is there to be followed and adapted, and I would like to commend the Scottish FF and its partners for bringing in this change. I am also aware that, in this chamber, it has been asked whether the Scottish Government has plans to classify dementia, develop through sport, as an industrial disease. Unfortunately, the industrial injury's disablement benefit is still currently delivered by the UK Government, and I understand that they do not currently consider dementia as an industrial injury. Is this not an opportunity for the Scottish Government to show leadership in the area and to place its own process that would allow, as Mark Griffin described, those decisions to be taken in Scotland? The Scottish Government has promised a Social Security Scotland service that is different, that can give dignity to people. Is this not an opportunity to do that and to put in place a better system where those conclusions can be come to in Scotland on the basis of the evidence? You are absolutely right that it will be delivered by the Scottish Government in the future. When it is delivered by the Scottish Government, that will be after a full public consultation on how best to meet people's needs. I agree with Richard Leonard that it is a good thing that we are debating this issue in our Parliament. All of the points that have been raised this evening and many other times can be aired in that consultation with all of the complexities explored. We are, for the first time in Scotland, taking a specific national approach to dementia risk reduction and prevention within Public Health and Clinical Services. Brain Health Scotland was established by the Scottish Government and is hosted by Alzheimer Scotland. Scottish Government investment in that particular project is £1 million over five years. It will publish its first dementia population level, dementia risk reduction and prevention strategy in 2021. We will also be piloting brain health services to identify and support pre-symptomatic patients who may show clinical indicators of brain decline and dementia risk and to provide personalised risk reduction and prevention plans. There are several groups who may be at even greater risk of dementia than the background population, which the background risk is high, one in three over 80s. That includes people with a strong family history, people with a history of heart disease, diabetes, stroke and those who have had repetitive brain injury. Research led from Glasgow University has recognised the increased risk of dementia in retired football players. It is possibly also true in rugby too, and that requires more research. Research funded by the Alzheimer Society in the PFA Scotland led from Edinburgh University to prevent dementia rugby and football cohort is looking at identifying the underlying reasons why that link might exist. That high-risk group can be seen in clinical services absolutely identical to those in visits for the general population. Not only is this a high-risk group for dementia, but retired players in midlife and older are increasingly anxious about their brain health through awareness of high-profile cases being diagnosed with dementia on an increasingly frequent basis, as others have said. In conclusion, the Scottish Government is fully behind making sport safer, especially when it comes to the prevention and treatment of head injuries. As minister responsible for sport, I regularly meet the sport Scotland and governing bodies to discuss a range of topics, including safeguarding. I thank everyone who has contributed to the discussion tonight and also to Michael Marra for bringing that motion to the Parliament. Thank you very much minister. That concludes the debate and I close this meeting of Parliament.