All right, listen, let's not do the whole dance of I say this is a mid direct and then chat gas lights me into This is the best direct we've ever had and every single announcement was tailored perfectly for me And then everyone likes and comments on that reply with yeah, I can't believe people Mario thousand-year-doll So this this is for my YouTube video. I make today. I did a poll 10,000 people Approximately and 50% said mid and then 31% said bad We're in the tail end of the switch's lifespan at this point the best directs for the switch are behind us Especially when we had smash and we were getting smash reveals which always heightened a direct at this point A nintendo direct is just a press public event that lets us know what's happening in the coming weeks or months on the switch It's not gonna get too crazy until we start looking at the nintendo switch, too So was this a mid direct according to the 10,000 people that watched it with me? Yeah, it kind of was but there was a lot of really great things in this direct And I got to say as far as recent directs this went by really quickly I enjoyed almost everything that I saw maybe it was a little air, but I think it was a good air Kind of like stuff Now there's a lot of really great things in here. We can take a look at I had a great time watching it. Okay. All right Okay, I'm gonna skim through a lot and then go into a deeper detail today on my podcast Which you can watch wherever you watch my podcast, but it started with Splatoon 3 DLC I'm not big in a Splatoon and I fell off the third one pretty quickly But I love the art style the music and the direction of this DLC And it sounds like it's a giant tower that you battle your way up and improve your stats on the way But they said it's infinitely replayable and I kind of like that It's like adding a rogue like into a non rogue like game But it adds that infinite replay ability which is great for DLC Mario vs. Donkey Kong remake I have never played one of these you could I I swear I swear to God before today if you had asked me what kind of game These even were I probably wouldn't have been able to tell you. I've just never been interested. It looks very charming I am just assuming by looking at this gameplay that it's for a younger audience Just kind of like a more kid-friendly Mario game Although I guess all Mario games are kid-friendly, but this one looks very catered towards children It looks cute and fun obviously no reason for me to play it, but The switches for all ages this new Prince of Persia game Looks too good. I don't know. I'm it doesn't feel right to be excited for a Ubisoft game I feel dirty saying that Which is a shame because I used to love Ubisoft games, but this one looks great It looks like it's taken a lot of inspiration from Metroid Dread, but it's Prince of Persia. I'm looking forward to this game Yeah, we'll just skip through a little bit because it it did get off the rails a bit. There's a spy Family game. I've never seen spy family. This is revolving around the daughter. I guess it looks cute I don't know might maybe fun and then of course we start get the glimpses The the the deeper dives in the things that we'd already heard about But we're seeing more of them now like Mario RPG Which they've added a lot to this game actually now if you time a attack command perfectly You can hit all enemies which will hope will definitely speed up a lot of the fights But hopefully not make it too easy to just start wailing on every enemy at once every time you attack They might cheapen it a little bit for me, but we'll see. I could also just Not time my attack make it harder for myself Apparently there are these old DS games one was never even released Outside of Japan and they're getting a remake and or a remaster and a port over to the switch I don't know if these are cult classics for some people. They look interesting Uh, I don't know if I'll play them, but this one did catch my eye, but I don't think I'll play it So I guess it didn't catch it that hard. Oh now the peach game the princess peach Showtime which I don't love that name, but it's fine. I didn't make it. You know what I do love this I This actually slaps. I Wasn't sure if I'd be excited for this game. I'm still not sure what I make of it as a whole I can't tell how the game plays exactly and every time peach gets a new outfit the gameplay style is supposed to drastically change and since it's set around Showtime and like a play or like a movie theater It almost says to me just set pieces where in each little set piece of a level you do a different thing Almost mini-game adjacent where now you're doing this and now you're doing this But it does seem to have some side-scrolling elements to it too almost Paper Mario E in the way that it looks I really have no idea how this one is going to play out You know a lot of streamers like to make bingo cards before going into a direct But I guarantee you two raiders one through three remastered we're not on anybody's bingo card also Kind of remastered it's interesting They knocked out a lot of the triangles in the character model I mean she definitely looks remastered, but also Lara herself has really only been remastered to about PlayStation 2 and then the rest of the game. I Mean it's brighter Some parts look a lot better some parts if you'd just told me it was the original I would have assumed that it was like I can see the difference when you put them next to each other But the way that my brain remembers these games are a lot closer to the new remastered version So if I had just seen that I would have been like yeah, that's oh, that's the first tomb raider So yeah, I don't know it's it's a It is technically remastered all of that shade thrown I am actually excited to dive into these games again. I have a lot of nostalgia for them This is this only matters to me and none of you are gonna care But I'm what I've made a really fun YouTube video where I played all 11 of the IR reader switch games and there's only 11 and there hasn't been a new one in years Literally the entire library of switch has 11 games that use the IR reader this direct Introduced to new ones my video is done. It's ready to go And now I got to add in two more We have this trombone game which was previously available on other consoles It's coming to switch and they've added motion controls and IR controls Because they hate me and also the new warrior wear game We got a deeper look at that and it uses some IR motion control. They are there are 11 IR games on the switch total in the last five It's almost six years and they just added two more in this direct without getting caught. Are you kidding me? Anyway, sorry, that's a very me problem that this direct caused another look at Luigi's Mansion 2 HD which is literally just Luigi's Mansion 2 from the 3ds on the switch I Can't I don't I don't think they did it and Mm-hmm Oh, and they showed us the Nintendo museum that's come into Kyoto which is in March Which is a shame because I'm going to Japan this month I don't know if I told you guys that yet, but you got more Japan vlogs coming It would be a really cool if the museum was ready because what I'm actually going to Kyoto I'm going with Bob and Kim obviously and it's gonna be so much fun Let us in the museum early Miyamoto Let us in all and this is cool So they told us when the Zelda and Ganondorf amoebos for tears of the kingdom are coming on top of that They've added Xenoblade 3 amoebos and they look great Noah and Mio I think this might be the first time in a long time. We've had amoebos outside of smash Which is a shame looking at these almost because it's like you almost kind of wish they were playable in smash It feels like a smash reveal, but like it's not you could keep doing characters for smash It's not too late to just do a couple more and then on top of that Speaking of smash characters the final smash character that didn't have an amiibo yet was Sora and now he does this amiibo looks fantastic Up until now honestly Tomb Raider might have been the thing I was most excited about But then not only does Nintendo acknowledge F-Zero They put F-Zero on the screen during a direct so they remember F-Zero exists, but it's F-Zero 99 Oh That's sick Just like they did with Mario 99 and Tetris 99 now You can race F-Zero style with 98 other players in a revamped version of the game where when the cars clash They drop orbs, and if you pick up enough of them You can go to the skyway and shoot over the top of them a lot of us want a new F-Zero and this Kind of is but isn't what we were talking about but to be honest this is sick And I'm actually very okay with this Especially if it's a stepping stone to new F-Zero Dave the diver. I saw people playing this on Twitch It hasn't come to consoles yet. It's coming to switch soon This game looks really fun like honestly people are calling this game of the year contender Which I think is not really but just to go to show how fun it actually is and I've been waiting to play until it Comes to switch. So that was a very exciting then more Mario Kart 8 deluxe stuff Mostly characters they showed including Peachette. So now we just need bowser Come then honestly. I honestly I kind of burned out a Mario Kart, and I don't really I don't really care anymore I'll play anymore if they added bowser. I would reinstall Nintendo I would reinstall right near the end. They thought it would be a good idea to give us a Two-minute trailer for among us, and it just boiled down to a new map So that was a fun use of our time then the final look at the last thing this direct had to offer What could it possibly be Metroid Prime 4? You might be wondering no something possibly even better I Had this is the first time during a live reaction that I was rendered completely speechless when I saw this I Immediately thought it was a new paper Mario, which is crazy because we already had two for the switch I thought it was a sequel to thousand-year-door. I thought Cuz I was like this looks like a thousand-year-door that looks like the town from a thousand-year-door But there's no way there's no way we get there's no way Nintendo is going back to when paper Mario was good This has to be a sequel with dumb new controls like origami and Color splash and we're gonna hate it and we're gonna wish it was thousand-year-door. No, it is actually Thousand-year-door. It is a remake of thousand-year-door And I kept watching it speechless just hoping I wasn't wrong and this was what I thought it was Thousand-year-door is my favorite paper Mario if you've ever played a paper Mario and you haven't played this one This is the best one for the story for the pacing but mostly for the RPG mechanics of it all the battle mechanics was just the best and most rewarding I didn't have any dumb gimmicks. It just was a good RPG and then there was like a weird look at the end of peach and this Robot and I don't remember this from the first game and Peach is talking about teaching it love and it almost seems like they Hinting towards maybe there's new story in this game. They've added stuff or its DOC or its or its paper peach I don't really know What we're looking at the end there, but very intriguing as mid as everyone said it was I had a lot to gush about here For this video. There was a lot of meat to look at and and pick at there were a lot of cool announcements There was nothing I think that there was nothing massive, right? There was no big thing This was it felt like a cookie cookie cutter direct that kind of just told us about some things that were coming up There was a couple cool third-party things and then a remake for one of our favorite games But I do agree it kind of feels like something big was missing. I am I am I It was good. It was fine and there's a lot that I'm excited for let me know what you're most excited for down below Like comment subscribe and all of that. Oh God. I'm so tired. There's so much to do today See you guys soon for the podcast Bye


What's up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution and we are doing another mental health book review. And this is probably one of the first books that really got me interested in using neuroscience to overcome symptoms of mental illness. And this book that we're talking about today is called Upward Spiral by Dr. Alex Korb. And actually the introduction of this book was written by another neuroscientist who I love, Dr. Daniel Siegel. So by the way, if you just happen to come across this video or you're not struggling with depression and you know that other people you know might be struggling with depression, please share this video. So maybe people will pick up this book and start working on their depression. So this book is all about using neuroscience to overcome various symptoms of depression. And it's extremely important like I've done other videos like a video that I'll link up in the info card is called The Brain Mechanic. And what this whole thing is about, what I try to do on my channel, I try to teach you more and more and more about your brain and what's actually happening when these symptoms of mental illness come up. Because once you understand what's actually going on under the hood, you can start to notice what's happening and start believing in and understanding the various tools that you can use to overcome these symptoms. And in this book, Upward Spiral by Alice Korb, he does an excellent job of this. So let's first talk about the title of this book, Upward Spiral. So the reason why he titled it this is because we all know what a downward spiral looks like, right? So say for example, you know, I'm at home, I'm feeling depressed, and my friends, they invite me to go hang out, right? So they invite me to hang out. I'm like, now man, I'm just going to stay home. So I stay home and all of a sudden I'm at home and I'm just flipping through Facebook or Instagram and I start seeing them posting pictures and tagging each other and all this stuff and having fun. And now all of a sudden my depression says, nobody likes me, they're probably having a better time out there without me, you know, it's best that I didn't even go. So then I put down my phone and I start feeling even more depressed. I start feeling more alone. Nobody gets me, nobody understands me. So you see how that first initial problem spiraled me down and it made this depression even worse than what it was. That's a downward spiral. So in this book, Upward Spiral, we're talking about doing the exact opposite, starting with one small little thing and then turning it into this kind of chain reaction that brings us up and out of depression rather than feeding the depression and going down. In this book, Dr. Alex Korb, he lists out the various neurotransmitters that we have that are involved with depression. So when you hear the words like chemical imbalance, this is what we're talking about.  People who have clinical depression, in some cases, they have a problem with developing these neurotransmitters that are meant to make us not depressed. So let's go ahead and let's list out these neurotransmitters real quick. So first is one of the most important ones, serotonin. This improves our willpower as well as our motivation and our mood. This is a huge one because one of the issues with depression is that we lack motivation. So think about it.  So there's a lot about improving serotonin levels in this book. So next we have norepinephrine. This is all about enhancing thinking, focus, and dealing with stress. And then there's dopamine, drug addicts and alcoholics like myself. We know a lot about dopamine, but dopamine is a natural neurotransmitter in your brain. And this is about pleasure, our feelings of pleasure, but it's also about creating good habits as well as creating bad habits. So then there's oxytocin. This is all about improving our trust, love, and connection with other people. It can also help with decreasing stress. Then there's GABA. GABA is a lot about decreasing anxiety and helping you feel relaxed. Melatonin. So real talk, like before I read this book, I thought melatonin was just a thing that came in a pill. Melatonin is actually a natural chemical that your body creates that helps the quality of sleep. So in this book, you learn how to create more natural melatonin that helps you with your sleep and sleep is a huge part of decreasing depression. Then lastly, we have endorphins. This helps with feelings of being happy as well as the ability to decrease pain. So this is also very important because some of you may have heard this already, but if not, I'm about to learn you.  If you watch my other video about the six common signs of depression, it talks about how you might have physical ailments that don't go away and it's purely based on depression as well as a lack of endorphins and other neurotransmitters. Again, this book is all about creating an upward spiral. I kind of call them like a chain reaction. So let me give you an example real quick. Okay, so one way to increase serotonin levels is by accomplishing goals, very small, deliberate precise goals. Here's an example. Every day I will get up and get out of bed by 715 in the morning. Every day by eight o'clock in the morning, I'm going to go outside and go for a walk. Okay, so that will help create serotonin. When you accomplish goals, it triggers serotonin in your brain. Now this goal is to go outside and walk every single morning. So as you walk and it doesn't matter how far, doesn't matter where you do it, whether it's the gym or just around the neighborhood, just going for a walk is going to increase endorphins as well as dopamine. Alright, so you see what we're talking about with this upward spiral already?  Then if you go for a walk outside while the sun is out, that is going to help create natural melatonin. So that evening when it's time to go to sleep, melatonin starts going throughout your body. It helps you get a better night's sleep. So that is just one example of some of the things that you can put together from this book about how you can create your own upward spirals. And it's amazing too, because it's like doing this like ultimate combo in one of those old school video games and getting a knockout. Alright, so anyways, thank you so much for watching. If you want to check out this book, Upward Spiral by Dr. Alex Korv, I will link it down in the description below. And as always, there will also be a link to my entire mental health reading list. So if you want to check out some of the other books that I recommend to help you improve your mental health, make sure you check out the links in the description below. Alright, if you end up reading this book, I would love to hear your thoughts by leaving a comment and please like share this video with other people. If you know somebody who is depressed, make sure that you share this video with them. But if you liked this video, be sure to give it a thumbs up.  So make sure you click that subscribe button. If you want to check out some other videos on this channel, you can click or tap on one of those thumbnails right there. Alright, but anyways, thank you so much for watching. Go read some books today that will help you out with your mental health and I'll see you next time.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's case breaks talk. Well, more baseballs coming at you. Break number 34. We've done a ton of these today, thanks everybody. 19 spotter, one spot gets you nine players. One person will get any and all multi-signed baseballs. Pretty great list here. Very big thanks to this group for making another break happen. I appreciate it. Let's multiply you by nine. Nine. Now let's grab all of your names, put them into a blank list. Let's grab all the player names, put them into another blank list. We'll put the result of the randomizer in that first tab there. Let's roll it, randomize it. Three and a six, nine times for names and players. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine. Got some Eugene's down at Adam. Three and a six, nine times for players. Two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine. Got Jock Petersen down to Luis Severino. All right, let me just show you the list as is and then we'll alphabetize by your first name. And then you can see all of your players grouped together.  All right, now, alphabetized by your first names there. Aaron, there's your last spot, Mojo group of teams. Players that is. Adam, there's your group right there. Eugene, there's your group right up to there, right up to Kyle Hendricks and then James is your group right over here. Obviously with 171 players. This is not an easy one to hit in, but if you do, that's gonna be a fun addition to your collection. Josh, there are your players.  All right, we're gonna pause the video. I'm gonna pause the video. When we come back, we're gonna see if there's any trades and then we'll have the break. Stick around, BRB. All right, TWC trade window closed. Let's do another three baseballs. Let's see what we got. Got some nice ones the last round. We have some nice ones in general. Let's see if we can find three more nice ones. All right, we got an active player here. I think, I guess you would talk to PSA about that. All right, first baseball. Active outfielder and DH now, nowadays. 35 year old Reidy, played for one, two, three, four teams my entire career. 288 batting average, lifetime, 1,522 hits. 282 home runs and 899 runs batted in. A five-time All-Star, a World Series champion, a three-time Silver Slugger and AL RBI leader hit four home runs in one game back in 2017. I didn't realize he was on this first team. He was originally drafted in 2006 by the Twins in the 36th round, but didn't sign. And then went to Nova Southeastern University where he played college baseball from 07 to 09, set the career home run record and then was selected in the 20th round of the 2009 draft by Houston. I didn't realize he was with Houston. I don't remember those two. Now, Oliver nailed it, J.D. Martinez. Yeah, he was in, J.D. Martinez was in Houston from 2011 to 2014, but then I remember his Tigers days and I remember his Astro or his Tigers days and Diamondback days, but there it is, J.D. Martinez. Yeah, James ended up getting it too. James, this is yours, by the way. There's the MLB hologram sticker and I don't see a fanatic sticker on this, but J.D. Martinez, going out to you. All right, next baseball. Excuse me, let's see what we got here in, oh, Oliver has some old Bowman Sterling rookie cards there. All right, another active baseball player. Now, this player hasn't been around for very long, but already has a lifetime 277 batting average. He's a righty outfielder, D.H. Already has 120 home runs, 296 runs batted in and 107 stolen bases, already part of the 100-100 club. Three-time All-Star, N.L. Rookie of the Year, two-time Silver Slugger, N.L. Stolen Base Leader, 30-30 in 2019. Who am I? Yep, Kevin's got it, Oliver's got it, Ronald Acuna Jr. That's gonna go to Eugene. There's his auto right there. I think you got both holograms right there as well. Nice one, Eugene, there you go. Third and final one, good luck. So a lot of fun, folks. We got another three in the store if you wanna get after another one before the night is out, jaskysteaksbreaks.com. I think we had this player a few breaks ago, so these stats will sound familiar, but righty starting pitcher, win-loss record 74 and 57, a 3-4-2 ERA. 1189 strikeouts, played for two teams my entire career. And this particular baseball, I think there's an inscription on it. I think the previous one didn't have an inscription. His inscription is regarding his 2021 All-Star appearance, selection and appearance. The year he was a N.L. strikeout leader. Yeah, we had this one before, there you go, Oliver, Zach Wheeler. Did the previous Zach Wheeler have a All-Star game inscription on it or no? I don't think it did. I don't think it did, right? Because the other one, I don't remember an All-Star game stand on the baseball. That's the other cool thing about this. You might see some names get a repeat sometimes, but there's a lot of different kinds. All right, Zach Wheeler, third and final is gonna go to James. James with two of the three. There you go, gang. I'm Joe for jaspyscasewrakes.com. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


French government steps up arrests. In Corsica, the French government has stepped up the arrests and pressures against activists who want the independence of Corsica, according to a report by the Turkish TV channel Haber Global, regarding the latest situation on the island of Corsica. As noted, protests against the French government with the demand for freedom continue on the island of Corsica. The Corsicans have put forward their demands to the Macron government. France has declared that no demand of the Corsicans will be accepted other than the desire for autonomy. The Macron government categorically rejects the demands for the freedom of the Corsicans. Therefore, arrests and pressure against the members of the movement demanding independence have been stepped up. The report says that while a part of the Corsican people are demanding autonomy, a large part are expressing their desire for freedom. When French President Emmanuel Macron visited the island in September 2023, he hinted that Corsica might be given special autonomy. In this regard, the Corsicans were given about six months to come to a common opinion and prepare proposals. The time given to the Corsicans ends in March. Next month, the French minister of the interior is expected to visit the island. However, on the eve of the minister's visit, the situation on the island of Corsica is tense because there is a misunderstanding between the part of the people who are satisfied with autonomy and the part that demands freedom.


Today we conducted close order drill aboard Brownfield on the parade deck. The importance of close order drill are weapons handling so that way they're comfortable with the weapon and they understand that it is a weapon and that it's something that is not to be taken lightly. It's better to learn your lessons here and fail here than it is whenever you have junior Marines underneath of you.


Hey, this is Steve with Retro Tech and welcome to this really short quick talks It's just kind of an introduction episode to the episode coming out real soon about safety I just needed to make some notes here that my videos are meant to just give you tips and practical kind of layman terms how to use your monitors and Basically what you can do to avoid any kind of shocks and injuries But you're still doing these things at your own risk. I take no responsibility for anyone's You know, whatever might happen whether you damage your device or do end up making a mistake and hurting yourself. I can't be responsible for that. I'm just trying to do this to help and And introduce people to a lot of these techniques that can Really prolong the life of your monitor as well as Make it a very enjoyable experience by having it set up correctly and knowing how to use them correctly There is one thing I want to note and I know this is kind of boring just looking at the back of this PBM But the most common injury from PBMs is actually not related to electricity It's related to lifting and back injuries because a lot of these especially 20 inch monitors and BVMs weigh between 70 and 100 pounds and if you don't know how to lift anything properly, you can hurt yourself It can fall over another quick note when you're working on anything. That's electrical You never you want to do what's called the move the camera over here to kind of Where I can step in the scene here, but you want to use what's called the One hand rule when you're working on something that's got live current And that is you're going to work with one hand and you're going to keep your other hand in your pocket Or you keep it behind your back touching the back of your back or in your pocket And what that is is that's a method to prevent you from accidentally touching and Grounding out current and letting the current go through the middle of your body, which is the most dangerous Electrical shock you could receive is that direct current through the middle of your body So if you have previous heart problems, it's not really advised that you should work on these or any other kind of serious health problems and I've tried to research on deaths or anything and I just keep finding nothing as confirmed from the electrical shock of these TVs, but perhaps someone who had a bad heart got shocked and died or and was considered a heart attack or They might have gotten shocked and the shock could have made them fall backwards hit their head on something And they could have died from that or a coma from that or an infection From a cut from falling after being shocked. So that's the real threat But please look at the next video where I kind of go over in detail What what can fail and what can happen? You also need to make sure you inspect your PVM before you work on it and just to make sure that the quality of the components are still relatively Good, you want to make sure you don't have any splits in your high voltage and nothing compromised in the cracks You want to make sure your cable still looks perfectly insulated and that's that's really important. So Thanks again for just checking this quick talks episode introducing the next episode about safety and Please comment and subscribe and look for future videos. Thank you


So who are we? So my name is Thomas Roth. This is Josh Datko. And we have a third colleague who is Dimitri Ndospasov, who unfortunately felt too cool to fly to San Diego. Before we start, we have some special thanks to Colin Oflin, just because he always had an open ear to us when we had any questions and wanted to clarify something. And also, he builds a pretty awesome device called the chip whisperer. So if you're interested in fault injection, check it out. So why are we here? So basically, we work with hardware security. And when we talk to people about the security design of the devices, they almost never consider chips as part of the threat model. So you talk to them, and they just assume that whatever the vendor says is true. Like, oh, this chip is secure. Don't worry about it. And also, a lot of people think that glitching and fault injection is some dark magic. But turns out, it's really easy. And we want to make this more accessible and make people try fault injection because it turns out you can do it very cheaply, very easily. And yeah. So before we start, what is fault injection? So fault injection is a term that professionals use. We call it glitching. And so basically, the theory behind glitching and fault injection is we want to introduce small mistakes into chips. So basically, for example, we cut the power for a very, very short amount of time. We think like 10 nanoseconds or so. We change the period of the clock signal. Or even we point a taser onto the chip and see what happens if there's a strong EMI shock. And the most common way to do glitching is called voltage glitching. And so basically, you try to cut the power at a very precise moment in time to cause undefined behavior. And so the theory behind this is that if you look at a chip data sheet, it has a safe operating area. So basically, up to a certain voltage, it will run at a certain megahertz and so on. And what's very interesting is what happens if you go outside of the safe operating area. So you drop the voltage further, or you try to even go into higher frequencies with the clock signal and so on. And the basic theory in glitching is that you wait for a trigger event, then you wait for a certain delay, you glitch for a certain duration, and then you check for a result. What does this mean? Well, on a real device, this might be, oh, I'm booting this device. I'm waiting until I'm in the bootloader. And then I'm waiting for the precise moment where the bootloader checks whether the firmware is valid. And then I drop the power for a very short amount of time and try to boot my modified firmware. And so basically, if you look at flash reads, flash reads take a lot of power. So basically, if a system boots up and it tries to read a certain variable or so from flash, and you interrupt the power, the result gets undefined. And if you boot a chip and you do a power measurement, you can actually see this pretty well. So in this region, this is just the yellow line is the reset going up. So we start the chip and you can see in the power consumption there's a lot of stuff going on. So we can see that it goes higher, which is where the actual execution of the chip starts. And then there's a small part where there's a lot of power consumption. And this already tells you that this is probably the part where the boot ROM tries to read something from flash because that requires a lot of power. And then if we introduce a very short voltage glitch, which, whoops, for example, on a scope looks something like this, where you drop it for like a couple of nanoseconds, you drop the power. What happens is that this flash read might, depending on if you are lucky or not, might get garbled and you get an undefined result. And so much for the theory, but how do you actually do this? And that's where Josh comes in who will tell you how to prepare a device for glitching. Okay, so this is our MLM. So we're gonna tell these three steps and then we want each of you to tell three people and then I think there's a profit step in there or we launch an ICO. I'm not sure, we haven't figured that out. But what we wanna do is basically prepare the device for glitching. So we have to do some things, hardware modifications. We have to make some test firmware. So it's really simple. So if you're a hardware hacker, this is really simple firmware, then we just gotta hook it up and glitch it. And those are the three steps. So preparing the device. Basically, when we start looking at the device, we have to do some analysis of it. So we have to read the data sheet and we have to figure out how the device gets power. So this could be, so a lot of the microcontrollers now are pretty complicated. They have lots of peripherals, as other people have been talking about today. So we have to understand where power is going into different parts of the chip. So main power could be 3.3 volts. The core voltage is gonna be probably a little lower. If it has a Wi-Fi peripheral, that could be at a different voltage. And so internally, what's going on is there may only be, well externally, there may only be one input to the chip. There only may be 3.3 volts. But realize that all of these peripherals are probably running at different voltages and maybe even different clock domains. So these have to get split out through regulators. So and again, depending on the peripheral less being used, there may be more than one regulator. So the 3.3 comes in and goes to the core regulator that could provide power to the CPU core. The RF may have a different one. And then GPIO may also be running directly at 3.3. So there may not be a regulator in there. And so this is again, this is the reconnaissance step. And some of this may not be inferrable from the data sheet. So some of this we just may have to make educated guesses on depending on the thing we want to glitch. But usually a good design will have some sort of bypass capacitors and this is to smooth the voltage out. And this is generally a good idea if you're making a product you want to have these bypass capacitors. And then these are external to the chip and you'll kind of see them placed around. But what's also nice is that this capacitor may actually provide a direct link into the core voltage which is the area you want to glitch. So this is perfect. This is like the side door entrance into the core, right into the CPU core. But we have that capacitor in the way and that's kind of buffering this energy. So pretty easy, we just use some hardware hacking remove the capacitor problem solved. And now we just have direct access to the CPU core and now we can provide that voltage. And so yeah, so now this is the area that we're looking at right now. We can see that VDD core core is right in the CPU core and that's the, if we provide that voltage that will be a nice area that we can provide a glitching and capacitors are gone so we've got direct access. So on this kind of like NRF example board we're trying to apply our MLM strategy. So prep one is prepare the patient basically. So we have to remove these capacitors. We identify the capacitors by looking at the data sheet doing some other reconnaissance and then we can just pluck those off. And so some practical issues if you do this, I mean there's a reason these capacitors are there but so by doing this it could be a little bit unstable. So this is just where you're in the analog domain and you have to just kind of provide a nice clean power supply.  So you have a nice clean voltage going in. You've just replaced the like 10 cent capacitor with like a dollar power supply but that's okay. It's not a problem. And yeah that's exactly where we're gonna glitch. And so on a real, I mean so that other slide just basically had those red things. Now this is what it looks like in practice and we were just soldering one wire into VD core and that's what it looks like practically. And again we take out these capacitors. So now we have to build a test firmware basically. So this is coming at it from the attitude is I wanna glitch this target. How do I go about it? Step one was this prep. Step two is building a test firmware. So we need to know that our glitch is working somehow. So we have to write some amount of code that will turn on the chip on, bring it up, exercise some function and then provide a way that we know that it worked. So kind of in the like the Arduino linguo, the way you know here's the kind of like pseudocode slash Arduino code that would do this. Basically we wanna bring these pins up. Right so the boot the device we just ignore all that stuff that happens before main and then magically we get the boot.  We are going to set some GPOs as high and this is gonna be a nice clean trigger to our glitching system because we'll have this nice rising edge. Here we're gonna read the flash address. So we have this flash address read and this is the value we're gonna corrupt and then basically we loop around that. So we just keep trying to loop around this and then if we get a different, so this code if we're running around it should always work, right? Should be always green. We'll see all that should never fail but by injecting the glitch this is going to, it's going to exit out of the loop and so this is how we're gonna know that this has succeeded and so if you looked at this on a scope, right?  You have to program and delay of the glitcher so this is one of the parameters that you're gonna tweak with the glitches. Okay, where in this search space do I wanna glitch? So you just delay this a little bit. Insert the glitch and then, you know then whether that glitch was effective this kind of depends on that target in that example that we showed the, right? It would see if that read failed and then possibly set another pin but if you're trying to attack a live system or a real system that's really gonna depend on what the system does but then this is just the general algorithm for going through and how to glitch something. So now we need an actual glitcher so what do we need for the glitcher? Well we need some sort of device that provides a very accurate stable glitch has to be very precise, you know kind of like nanosecond level and so we've got on board the FPGA train and so this is the kind of, this is the tool that we're using to basically build the glitchers and as other people have talked about basically FPGAs have started to come down decently in price so we're not using a very complex features of the FPGA this is just kind of like basic digital logic so these can work on low-end FPGAs like the lattice ice stick. What's nice about those is that they also have open source tool chains and so this is a very approachable way and then also there is the ice breaker which is another open source project and so it's also using the Lattice FPGA but basically you have that, you have this, the PMOD which I'll talk about in a second and then the power supply which I've previously talked about because you need to provide different voltages so you need some power supply that can do kind of custom voltages. So here is the last ice stick it's like I said, open source full chain approachable FPGA, it's more than enough to do this the max PMOD, so I'm a big fan of the digital and PMOD spec for FPGAs, there's now a, apparently a Z-MOD so if you need more IO you can use the Z-MOD spec which is totally overkill for this you don't have to do that but it's got like a 40 pin high density connector it's super nice to geek out on but basically, and this is the kit that's in there it's just an analog multiplexer it has three channel switching and it's just, it fits in the nice PMOD format so you don't have to do a lot of wiring and so what the PMOD is doing is we need to basically insert the glitch right, so what the glitch is is you have, we have that voltage going into VDD core and we need to drive it to zero and basically the multiplexer is perfect for that because if you have these two inputs and then you provide the switch it's going to switch the other one and then that's exactly what you want for kind of a glitch pulse so there's other ways to do this too you can use a MOSFET there's, people have used function generators there's lots of ways to do the glitch as we are using an analog multiplexer and so the thing to know about the kits that you got from the patio is that, oh yeah, thank you, Thomas they have, so like any tool you have to make some and in trying to make the tool there's some design decisions that have to be made so some of, all of the channels are hardwired to ground so you can only switch between one channel and ground obviously if you get the multiplexer yourself you can provide any input to other channels but on that PMOD you provide one channel the other one's hardwired to ground and then there's three resistors that are optional basically if you solder those resistors on then the result will go back to the FPGA so sometimes that's not what you want because if you're, especially if you're doing high voltages you don't want to put like five volts back into your FPGA IO but if you depopulate those resistors it'll just act as like a bridge I have been meaning to put this up on the GitHub so you'll just have to take this audible explanation of how that works the essence is you can find the full schematics for the PMOD on our GitHub and it will explain you how to use it and how to connect it and there are a lot of different configuration options to make it a bit more versatile but the basic circuit is currently on the website that will just enable you to glitch in a couple of minutes basically after soldering it yeah and then now we have the power supply this is a nice cheap power supply configurable via UART, highly recommended we hook it all up with a device on their test is whatever we're trying to test whether it's a dev board or an actual target we have to get those signals back so we need the trigger pin to come back into the FPGA the success indicator, whatever that was it's easy if you do your own firmware it may be different if you're trying to attack a real device so you need that to come back then you have the multiplexer coming back for the different voltages then you have to provide the enable signals and so yeah so it starts to add up and a lot of the practical problems here which I know at least I've had a lot of frustrations with is that you know a lot of the wiring it becomes tricky so like when it's not working you just kind of have to go through each of these wiring that's why we have that PMOD MUX helps cut down some of the wires but you can totally do this on a breadboard it's just that when there's a problem you now have to go through each wire and then you have the power supply and so yeah this is what it looks like when it's all hooked up and in a big mess of wires but the actual glitcher again we're using these FPGAs this is super great this is like I said I really am a big fan of that PMOD connector I previously was not a big fan of 3D modeling though so I was like PMOD connector check make a PMOD no problem put them together I didn't really consider what happens when you put these two together because you end up with a device that looks like that right so you kind of have this L shaped glitcher so you should do 3D modeling it's like a thing and it'll prevent you from making weird L shaped glitching devices yeah and so now we're ready to glitch yeah so basically we now just walk through the theory on how to build a glitcher and the idea is if you want to glitch the real trick is to find your glitch parameters you need to figure out after your trigger event which might be oh I turn my Xbox on and for example the Xbox mod chip is a glitcher that just tries to glitch the Xbox CPU and so that would be my trigger event and then a certain delay after I turn the device on I want to glitch for a certain amount of time and finding these parameters is the real trick so as you've seen before we have the trigger event and then we have the delay and the glitch and the delay we require might be 200 nanoseconds it might be 10 nanoseconds it might be 20 and our glitch pulse might be very short or very long and so what we have to do is we have to write a device that tries to, tries each delay there is and tries each glitch pulse there is and then checks for success and so the problem is if you do this on FPGA and you write your own software for it it becomes complicated really really quickly and so we decided to use something pretty simple for the host control which is Jupyter Notebooks so we provide a Python API to the glitcher that just lets you very easily automate the glitcher and implement your own success checks so for example if you glitch a chip to re-enable the debugging interfaces you might want to build a short script that just checks if JTAG is enabled and integrating this into a big software is kind of a pain so we just use Jupyter Notebooks that let you write your own success function in like 30 lines so for example if we take our glitcher for a chip you're about to see it's just like 20 lines so basically all we do is we tell the chip hey we want to restart you for a certain amount of time then we iterate through all delays that we want to try we iterate through all the pulses all the pulse length the glitch length we want to try and then we actually glitch and then all we have to do is check whether our glitch was successful and so for example in this case with our test firmware we just check whether GPIO was brought up whether we broke our own test firmware but if you do this on a real device your success check can really be anything so as I said it might be a JTAG check it might be a check whether oh my Xbox is now booting my own games or whatever and then we just say oh yeah we were successful and so how does this look in the wild so if you build this and you eventually have a stable glitch range you simply run it and then you get some nice progress bars and after a couple of seconds depending on how stable your glitch is you actually get a success indication so in this case the glitch takes like I don't know 20 seconds or so to execute we were successful but yeah this doesn't really give us anything because all we did was put up an IO so what's really interesting is when you start glitching real targets and so what we did was basically we looked at the processors we find in common IoT devices and so our goal was to take a look at the modern processors that people are using in new designs and the new chips that promise new security features and so the chips we tried and evaluated as part of this was the NRF 52840 which is a Bluetooth chip that you find in a lot of variables and then the ESP32 that's almost in every second Chinese IoT device basically and then the SEM-L11 which is my personal favorite because it's a secure microcontroller and the SEM-32 F2 and so our goal was to configure these all in real world conditions and test the chips in C2 and so because we just have 25 minutes we're gonna skip over the boring chips and go right to the highly secure microchip SEM-L11 and this chip is world-class secure like I tell you it's the winner of the best contribution to IoT security award and just if you search for security on this site it's 57 secure like this is a secure chip and so if you actually read the data sheet we talked about the different power domains earlier and basically we said oh we just glitch V-core right we go behind the regulator and the problem is if you read the data sheet it actually has this special section oh man we have a brownout detector on the 1.2 volt line it's been calibrated in the factory don't touch this and so I was a bit scared that we might not be able to attack this because yeah there's like this dedicated V-core brownout and so can we glitch it? Well the real problem was I started glitching this chip and then I was pretty sure I messed something up because I got success after literally five minutes so I was like oh did I misconfigure the firmware did I mess something up like I was mind blown right? So what do you do with this? Well microchip provides this secure UART boot loader for the L11 and so we can fully bypass this very very easily but that for me brought up the question how easy is this to glitch and so if you couldn't tell by the dialect but I'm German and I live in South Germany and we are very very cheap and if we look at the price of Glitcher like one Glitcher is like nine beers at Oktoberfest that's unacceptable and so the goal was what if we take the most secure chip there is from microchip and the cheapest chip there is from microchip and we use the cheapest chip to glitch the most secure chip and so that was how the five dollar Glitcher was born and so all you need is an 80 tiny which costs like I don't know one euro one dollar, two dollars and the kit that you actually get for free so it's actually the two dollar Glitcher today and then at the price for one pretzel at Oktoberfest you can glitch this chip so that's pretty awesome and it just takes like 130 lines of AVR assembler undisclosed amount of beer and then you end up with a mass of wires on your desk that is able to fully bypass the secure reference boot loader for five dollars and so this brings us to the next chip which is the STM32 F2 and Josh okay so we last year at CCC to talk wall.fl we talked about the STM32 F2 so with the timer meeting this was going to be a little quick because you can go watch the wallet, you go to wallet.fl which is also a website and you can watch that presentation but there's lots of previous work the STM32 in this case is used in a Bitcoin harder wallet don't worry if you're triggered about the word Bitcoin I'm not going to get into all those details but just know that people are storing millions of dollars on an STM32 F2 and if you search so the L11 was 57 times secure if you search security in this datasheet you don't find anything so this is obviously the chip to use for cryptocurrency now in this case basically we're bypassing the readout protection if readout protection 2 is set basically in flash it's got to be this value CCC if it's 0 it has to be this if it's neither of those two you're in RDP 1 which sounds, that sounds horrible then you have the right intuition because we just need to flip one bit and then we can get a RDP 2 to RDP 1 downgrade and that's exactly what we did and so here that value is being read out from the boot ROM and so we do, we reset the chip it goes into the boot ROM the boot ROM runs is going to read this value then it'll eventually launch a user code we are inserting, so here's where it's read so that's where we want to insert that glitch and then if we can flip that one bit we'll go into RDP 1 and so we've seen variations of this picture but this is basically that same setup FPGA, the MUX the Trezor cryptocurrency hardware wallet and this is, we're scripting this with Python so the host is controlling it so let's see how this works and so this is me, this is us running the thing and so as it's running it's searching through that space so Thomas showed that graph of it sliding around that's exactly what it is the first column there is delay in clock cycles and then bam, there we're in, right, so yeah so this is, so now it's downgraded yeah, thank you and yeah, so if a chip stores lots of money then if you do this then you get the money because that's how the seed is stored so there's still some exploitation steps that we have to do we got to read SRAM, do a lot of that stuff but you can look at wallet that fail for that we made this glitcher a little bit elaborate for this I have some of these boards if you want to try this socket there's some issues with them but again, audible instructions I'll help you work it out but we just kind of automated into one and yeah, so chip.fail has basically the GitHub source it has the schematics for the PMOD that you guys have and everything else that we've open sourced is on there so that's the thing and yeah, I think that's any, that's all we have yeah, thank you as always you can find them in the patio if you have additional questions


I'm going the best buy to look at TVs. I see this doorbell thing. I buy it, open up the thing, I hook it up myself, which is rare. Follow instructions, wire, boom, boom, down to the thing, and it works like a charm. People ask me all the time, why and when do you endorse? I never endorse. I'm just letting people experience what I experience. If I didn't have ring cameras, and I probably would have never approached Jimmy, I probably would have never knew about the product, but because I have it, and I know it works like a charm, and I have a nice size house, and my whole nice size house is acquitted with ring, flood lights, indoor, studio, tree house, doorbell. He just showed me a new product front gate, getting that right now. He just showed me the new one with the key locks. I'm getting that, the alarm system. My house is acquitted with that cell phone. I know that the product is wonderful. So you go in all these stores and you see all these things, I can tell people truthfully like, hey, it works, it's affordable, you know how I know? I got it. Everyone knows that the Shack brand is a fun brand, but I think what makes us authentically authentic is what you see on TV, is what you see in real life. That's important. I like technology, I like toys, I like being at the forefront, I like being the first. I was the first guy in the country with a camera phone. This is way back in the day where they had the little attachments, and the cameras work like this. They're real, real slow, but I was the first one. So CES for people, a lot of people do business here, but I'm at Toys Arrest when I'm here.


Hey guys welcome to today's day trading recap for August 26th Thursday. Hope everybody had a good day of trading. Nice day of trading today plus $1,405.50 on the day. Nvidia had a mighty 90 for plus $147. Did a pairs trade in Nasdaq versus Dow.  And then the meat of the profits came on the runners. Microsoft plus 75. Boeing plus $250. Peton minus $150. Roku my biggest winner of $980. AMD minus $291. Nasdaq future $245. Russell plus $114. So let's go over these. I'll show you what we did. Let's start with our mighty 90 in Nvidia. So Nvidia came came fleshing down out of the open here. So we got long right in this area here right here and caught this bounce. I got up when it when it moved to unchanged. I went ahead and just closed out the rest of my position there. So booked a small position plus $147 on that onto the runners. Microsoft. Microsoft. So we did did an upside runner in Microsoft. And it it was just kind of consolidating here. So I got in I got out a half on this little bounce half my position for nice profit. And then when it ripped back down, I just cut out quick. So ended up booking a total profit of just 75 bucks on that one. But it was a good exit because this thing just continued to fall once the market got really weak. Boeing plus $250. So Boeing. Let's see what did we do in Boeing? Oh yeah. So Boeing was pushing up when it pulled back here got long and just caught this move higher. I want to start to kind of chop around cut out of my last piece booked $250 profit on that one. Peton minus $150. So this is one of the losers. By the way, I'm recording this after 5pm. You can see Peton announced earnings after the bell and it's down 8%. So little miss on the earnings in Peton. But before that, let's get that off the screen so we can hit it. There we go. All right. So Peton minus $150. So in Peton, it had this initial strength. And so when it pulled back here, I was looking for a continuation higher. I didn't give it to us. So when it fell down broke below that period, I just I just cut out and took a small loss. I traded really well today. Roku was my big winner. This is this was a fun one.  So Roku had this initial strength started pushing up came with some big volume right here quickly. So I actually got in right here, caught this, caught this move, got out, didn't catch the whole move up, got out right here. Then it kept on pushing when it pulled back here, got back in, caught that bounce, got back in when it pulled back, caught that bounce. And then that was it. I did not get back in. And that's when the market started getting really weak and started flushing. So just really good trades there in Roku AMD.  And let's see AMD. So AMD pushed up to this broke through the highs of day and then pulled back. So I got long looking for more upside. And when it fell down, I just cut out pretty quick, took a loss there, which is a good exit. Because as you can see, it continued to fall. And then my last two were on the futures. So one was on the NASDAQ, just trading the microbes here, just super small. But the NASDAQ, so NASDAQ had this when the news came out about the bombing in Afghanistan. This thing just started flushing. And so when it bounced up, I got short, bounced a little bit more, I added some shorts right here. And then just kind of scaled out as this thing went down, I had a couple contracts left. And it pushed up on me. So when it kind of pulled back here, I ended up getting out right here. Had I held them, that would have been nice. But I had gotten out of three quarters of my position down here. So that little piece I had left didn't hurt me too bad, but gave a little bit back. And then in the Russell, I got short as well. And this one was a little bit later. So after the market flushed here, when it bounced up, no, let's see. Hang on, let me get my time right here. Oh yeah. So this was the flush. So when it bounced back up to this area here, I got short looking for this market to continue lower. It pushed up a little bit and chopped around. I was in this kind of late in the day.  And I got out of my last piece down here. So just a few contracts in M2K, so 114. So nice profit today. It was good to have another four figure day. Finally, it's been a little while, plus 1,405.50. So we will be streaming live tomorrow. See you in the room. Talk to you then.


The Nigerian Senate has directed five of its committees to commence investigation into oil theft and its impact on petroleum production and oil revenues in the country. The committees, which were given the mandate on the floor Tuesdays plenary include Petroleum Upstream, Downstream Gas, Niger Delta and dead-in-charge of host communities. The resolution was reached after a debate on a motion sponsored by Senator Ned Walker and two others. These lead debates, Ned Walker noted, that in March 2023 Nigerian lost over 65.7 million barrels of crude oil valued at $83 per barrel, translating to revenue loss of 2.3 trillion naira as a result of oil theft. Contributing to the debate, other lawmakers highlighted the need to address the issue of oil theft and its attendant consequences on the environment and the economy of the country. The motion is for urgent need to investigate the incessant and nefarious acts of crude oil thefts in the Niger, Delta and the actors. In March 2023 Nigeria incurred a substantial loss of 65.7 million barrels of crude oil valued at $83 per barrel, translating to a staggering revenue loss of 2.3 trillion naira as a result of oil theft. What I would suggest is not for us to continue to lament or set up inquiries. My suggestion, Mr. President, is that given the seriousness of this situation, and I would just say before the new government, each agent gets sucked into the tradition, this is the time to stop it. In supporting this motion, if you look at it, there are a lot of salient points he made. He said the bankruptcy started in 1970, we are in 2023 now, which means that 53 years ago, up to now we are not able to solve it. He said 2.3 trillion has been stolen every year, that's a lot of money, how much is even the budget of Nigeria. The biggest problem we have in this country, Mr. President, is punitive measure. All these things, there are a lot to eat. A colleague of mine now was contributing, he even said at his backyard, he has been arresting people who are doing bunkering, at his backyard, but nothing has happened. They have not been any punitive measure, and the moment we continue like this, it will just be go day in, day out, it become a lucrative business, because nobody has been punished for it. In his remarks, President of the Senates, Gotswil Aqbabiou, who also alluded to the issues raised by his colleagues, urged the investigative panel to come up with a lasting solution. In the actions of security forces, military groups, the local populace, oil company employees, and any individual identities suspected to be using sophisticated methods to purify our oil resources from the oil facilities within our country. Those in support of the prayer won't say aye, those who can't say no, the ayes have it.


And for me like hypothesis has become a feedback for my own teaching if I go in and check out the annotations from a text that can inform what I'm doing in class that day that week, what didn't land well and it makes me a more efficient and effective teacher for their learning.