eally need to make things sustainable. So I'll talk about two. Well, hack for LA, I'm obviously giving a lot of love to hack for LA today, but they just have a food oasis hack that came out looking at ways to find and get access to healthy food. There's some spin-offs around that with trying to get like snap people who aren't food stamps to be able to get access to healthy food as well. So I think the idea there is that we've got this year-long hackathon going really. So every Tuesday night at the Civic Innovator we're able to bring people together and it's sometimes the same faces, sometimes new faces. It really exposed them. The one that I think is the most practical last year was just before I came to the city. So I've been with the World Bank Africa data. So we've got a bunch of open data events going on throughout Central Africa today. And they're what we don't know where they don't even have power. We did an eight-week hackathon and trained the kids and young people on like, how do you use a computer and what is data and like very basic stuff. And the winning team was a hack into the legal system because it turns out that the legal system in Sierra Leone had no ability to actually figure out if anybody in jail was supposed to be there because there was no data. And so within two months of it was a very straightforward, like it was just a database. Sorry guys, let's not overstate this. But it was way before the legal system and the legal area to be able to put together like who had gone in, what they had been charged with, did they ever get a trial and were they ever actually convicted or were they just languishing in jail. And it turns out that they were able to release 169 people from jail. Wow, that's about a lot of people. I'm not sure, but do you want to turn it up? So hackathons, well I think that the most important thing about hackathons, at least for Pasadena has been about building a community because there is a community of people who want to engage specifically. They want to volunteer in certain ways. I think a lot of you who are probably here fall into that category. So you find out who they are and then you start up your own meetup through your own engagements that are hopefully specifically minded. But then another part of it too is that some of the ideas that come out of either hackathons or these meetings sometimes they do need to flourish and somehow cultivate. And so one of the ways I think that we're doing now on the city side is that we're trying to create the problem statements to then help the community figure out what it is that they need to how they can help participate in what the issue is. So I think for years I think we've gone through the brainstorm versions of hackathons which sometimes some ideas popped out. A lot of times things just fizzled away. And I'd rather, and so now through at least my caltech example is that we prompt the students just like I would say we prompt in a future hackathon like what are some of the problems we want them to actually to take a look at. And then it can spin maybe a whole different solution or have some insight that city staff may not have seen but I think that it needs to be a little bit more directive in order for it to have a true outcome. Now this is actually very cool when you start your astronomy experience through maturing of hackathons so to speak and follow this experiment that we're seeing. I recommend all four of you for beautiful presentations. So I'm a physician responsible for health and somatic Ministry of Health Jamaica. I'm here on my own pennies. So two questions really. The hackathons and in terms of a little bit more on the sustainability both in terms of funding and interest. And then the second question is obviously being in healthcare Government of Jamaica did launch an open data portal last June but it's just the initial data sitting there. Health data. Any comments on types of data and how that can be improved. Thank you. If we can follow up afterwards I can get you connected with some of the world bank people working in Jamaica that might be able to support. Oh great. Okay. So the health data is so important. There's a couple of issues when you start getting into health data. One is the anonymization of data so you want to make sure that you're protecting people's privacy. But if you do too much of that if you protect too much then it's very hard to start to get sort of algorithms about what are the outcomes. So it's a balance between making sure that you keep things anonymized but giving a large enough population to be able to find out what the most effective outcomes are for certain treatments for certain populations. So I did a lot of work around Ebola in Sierra Leone and kind of looking at the health informatics. And what we found is that the data from the government sometimes it's incomplete sometimes it's not there sometimes it's biased and we got really creative about who else had data. So some of the clinics maybe like with Doctors Without Borders we actually used cell phone data to track the routes that sick people with Ebola because it's highly contagious had taken to get to the clinic. So we used a lot of different kinds of data to start to put together the model of how to like stop Ebola. And I think it's really important when you're working in an area where you can't always get the data you'd like to get access to or maybe it doesn't even exist in any kind of normalized format to be able to get creative about what else will give us indicators about this. That's something too. We do have a public health center for the City Pasadena and I know one of the biggest challenges that we have it's very similar to privacy information it's about sharing. People don't want to share the data because a lot of times it's either incomplete or it has personal information or they don't know themselves what piece of it is personally identifying or not. So one of the recommendations that we have we have done because we also have other regulated kinds of data sets too like in the criminal and justice also in utilities like electric and water utilities customer information all those can't really be released well so what we try to do is have at least a catalog of what kind of data is available and who may be a point of contact because while you may not be able to publish something open data because of some of the limitations if you have a one on one conversation sometimes you can get maybe a subset or something that removes the most personal identifying information and then you've created a relationship that maybe can help anonymize it enough so that it can become public. So I'm trying to do something that way like some type of an exchange that just really has all the different types of data sets that are available even if the data itself isn't available. So at Long Beach we get the raw data we scrub it to sanitize it and make sure that any kind of personal information or health care information isn't published. But we also put information out there like mosquito surveillance trap locations or housing and health services or vector control stuff and data out there that doesn't have any kind of personal information. Thank you. So the short answer is I run away from health care information it scares me no matter how much we sanitize it. We do give some highly highly anonymized and not at all raw information as part of our well-being index and I want to because the city of well-being and health care is one of those dimensions into the science of what makes a community resilient and have well-being. But beyond that we are looking to engage our local hospitals. We have UCLA health and we have a fairly large hospital within the city boundaries on perhaps doing things like hackathons. I know I said that we're not fans of hackathons but we do realize that they have their place and health care is one of those industries that we do hope to tap into. And we hope to be a bridge between tech firms that are located within Santa Monica because usually when those two interact it's when the tech people are sick and they're going to get health care from the health care provider not to do business. First I should say that I have a big interest in GIS and I use QGIS and I have a Postgres database on a Ubuntu server. So no disrespect to ESRI but I'm very much a fan of open source. So my concern is this is that I'm not, and I'll admit I'm not that familiar with your sites but I'm more concerned about not necessarily relying on your maps I want to make my own map. So I need data that is already GIS compatible whether it's in a shape file format or maybe it's CSV format that has already the geographic information like a geometry column or something but do your sites have or portals have all the underlying data in a GIS compatible format to download or that anyone in the public could download Yes, most of these sites well if you're using an ESRI product by default chances are it's got I have to interrupt you real quick because one thing is that I'm not going to pay a license to ESRI to get to the data so I want to make sure that if I went to the city of Santa Monica I can get a shape file of the layer I want without having to go through ESRI unless it's free. I won't speak for my colleagues but we have open data modes of open data portal. We have one by a company called Secrata who's not open source by any means a company called ESRI who you're familiar with and GitHub. We have a lot of our data on GitHub simply because it's free. All three of those provide multiple means so CSV, shape, GeoJSON as well as API. So if you go to open.smgov.net you will see all of the open data offerings that we have including but our largest open data portal at data.smgov.net has a bunch of data that we've actually gone in and added a lot along to just because we do realize that geography is a big part of the value of the data and just so you know, even though we're an ESRI shop our developers actually do use QGIS behind the scenes for a number of reasons so we do use the best of the worlds. So you have it on your portal? Yes, we also so we have GitHub behind it so we have a lot of the algorithms and material that we're doing and Hunter's Data Science Federation projects are all put up on the LA GitHub site and we have an open Slack channel as well so you can communicate there and we have the data file they can't promise that each and every one of them is but if there's one you want that isn't in those open formats GeoJSON or an API then we'll make sure that it's put up there. To echo the same Long Beach does have different formats spreadsheets KMLs and shape files. I'm a data scientist in the UCLA healthcare system and I'm also approaching middle age and have a family and a home and all that to take care of so I've signed up for Hack for LA and it always seems like it's like 5pm on a Wednesday in a warehouse down by the LA River and I get home and I'm just like there's no way I'm going over there and I do see a trend here where you guys have this bottom-up approach that I think works for young, motivated people who have the skills and the time but the people who run your governments and make the decisions are none of those things they're old people who don't have the skills and don't have and they've developed their own way to do things so looking right now in West Eller we have I'm in CD5 we have a council district election and there's a school board election that has like a phenomenal amount of money going into it and I've been to the candidate forums and the discussions on these things and there's no use of data or concrete facts in any of the candidates presentations and any of the discussion it's all very sort of like anecdotal and emotional and we do have data I've tried to like pull it in and look at it but it takes a lot of time for people to understand that to understand data even if it's in a simple like chart I have to show people it's several times so it just seems like there's bottom-up and there's top-down what is the approach other than bottom-up that you guys have with the data how does it go all the way to the top? so okay so I am one of those middle-aged, late-aged government people I was announced 32 years before I came to the city last year so I find that in the city of Los Angeles so I report directly to the mayor and so I think from the very top-down at the city of Los Angeles that we are a data-driven organization now that doesn't mean that all 48,000 people get that message so we do two things with our data science federation one is that we're bringing two programs for UCL actually UCL expansion and UCL statistics to programs so Go Baroon and so we bring those kids and the professors in to give new ideas and to give them real data to kind of turn on and build their resumes but more importantly that helps to convince and makes them middle managers of the city and the general managers and more data savvy so we are working with all of our general managers which are the top-level folks on the day-to-day side and our council districts in fact Hunter just yesterday I think published up to our council district one of our council districts in the 311 map and dashboard so they could see like exactly how fast are your potholes being filled and how fast is it in CD5 have a little competition here to get things done faster and so that kind of idea of how we can make it transparent for top-level managers that they can actually see how their job is getting done how the people are supporting them and how the folks out in the city are perceiving that to be I think is part of the conversation that we're having so I mean it's a big government and we're working to make sure that it changes in very measurable and dramatic ways so you've raised something that's an ongoing issue with us when do you bring people in when do you engage them at five or six at night you're going to be too tired on the weekends you're going to have things to do with well either your kids or these bunch of people there's always something going on we find that after hours or on the weekends we can bribe you with beer and pizza by the way we've partnered up with the Chamber of Commerce because we can't give you beer we're the government but they can so they host you and you're on the west side find your calling but that's something that we really struggle with you're not going to come during the day because you're doing your day job and at night you're tired and you have other obligations so how do we reach you and so far we don't have a better answer than beer and pizza we can try it online or a virtual community but we know how those go even if you have a really engaged community manager it's just not the same for phase time so it's something that we in Santa Monica are definitely wrestling with we're all ears the other thing to your point about the data being hard to read yes you're absolutely right we try to do everything we can with metadata and we try to give people a little bit of a nudge by creating all visualizations on our own charts what we've done recently I have no dog in this fight, UCLA or USC but we've actually been talking to USC some of the folks in their martial school and they put together some really cool visualizations and they've been focusing around public safety after the expo line to the beach what's completed so they're looking at crime trends after expo came to Santa Monica and they're doing it all geography based so they're doing it map based and it is even to a layman I think pretty simple to understand but you're right that's another issue that we're going to have to wrestle with because government has a lot of data and a lot of it doesn't make sense unless you understand the nature of the data and or the nature of government itself one more point on it is for those of us who kind of live and breathe it and want to make a difference and change all the time we are in an uphill battle but I think that speaking for all of us that we are looking at it from the long run perspective because the people who have been operating a lot of our government services for a long time data to them poses some challenges but the common challenge is that they have to do the business differently and so whether you agree with the data you don't want to see the data whether there's risks in the data or whether you appreciate it you're confronted with doing something different and that takes a long time to change I think that I've seen in our organization as we've hired people from the private sector of all ages as well as we've started to hiring millennials who've come in who can whip up a pivot table like in any department it's amazing how much they can utilize use some of the tools and things that they have differently and they want to look at it differently that they're pushing reactions and so I think all of it from all angles will help us to really take advantage of what is really going to be a huge gigantic game changer but it's going to take some time government doesn't work as fast as we would like it to the city of Long Beach has done something different in that if partnered with geospatial technology so we have on our portal we have the map and then we have the story on the data that's being published so it just makes it easier it's not just a bunch of spreadsheets and data that is sometimes difficult for a non-geek person to understand I think that's one of those differences where we're trying to reach out to the community to make it easier to understand what the data is like everybody around here said government has a lot of data but how do we push that data out to everybody in a way that's easier to understand and so Long Beach has done that go to datalb.longbeach.gov thank you wow it's like way out of time I wish we had some more time on this one so quick show of hands as we ask this question I'd like to know how many of you guys come here I'd love to do this again next year it's like if you're here before the volume Kenny, David, give me a thumbs up if you can hear me I'm going to try to get to a quick start here since we're the last slot and it might rain on us so I'll try to get you home early but I think it might be worth sticking around to listen to this talk here is smart cities and IoT Internet of Things with opportunity comes risk who am I I'm a first time scale presenter so I'm a little bit nervous but I have I have spoken in public at a few other conferences in the past year but bear with me because I am the first, this is my first time at scale I am currently employed by Dell as a software engineer working on open source and of course the scale conference is all about open source but I just want to disclose that not because I'm speaking on behalf of Dell but because Dell makes some hardware related to IoT and you know you should always treat a speaker skeptically so I just want I want you to know that I think as you watch what I'm about to present the relationship is probably remote I do have a background I would contend that this whole term IoT Internet of Things has been around it seems like a cool new thing but I've been working in the field of industrial control manufacturing automation even home automation for decades this stuff back then it just wasn't called that I have worked as an industrial control system engineer and done the SCADA systems the control systems for the pipelines between El Paso and here in California between Houston and Tennessee I did a system for a Ramco that controlled every oil gas and water pipeline in the nation of Saudi Arabia here in California the McKittrick oil field near Bakersfield which is I think six or seven thousand wells so I went on after doing that as a consulting engineer to be one of the initial four engineers building Wonderware which is down in Irvine and that's a factory automation toolkit I'm no longer affiliated with them but I believe that their system controls 85% of the world's factories and it's now part of group Schneider and Brandt due to acquisitions but like I said I'm now with Dell along the way I actually practiced for a short time as an attorney as well so I have that because some of my presentation drips over into the legal realm so I just want to mention that I started out as an engineer got a degree in law, tried it a few years and actually went back into engineering so with that said we'll move on so what am I talking about when I say smart cities aka the internet of things it's maybe a slightly different context from the speakers who were in the private the prior session talking about open data in the context of city government in that I'm talking about the data collected by various sensors related to energy, transportation water, power, public safety buildings, weather conditions and this data is something some of these sensors you've had road sensors in the freeways for a while but they're being deployed with far greater density than they have in the past and you're getting more of these sensors kind of like proximity sensors at parking meters and things that are networkable and collectible remotely so when I say internet of things these are the kinds of sensors I'm talking about they can be government, commercial, residential many different categories these devices can be tiny that picture on the top just shows one of these integrated circuits that's the size of a fingernail but just because they're tiny doesn't mean that we're talking a small amount of data they're tiny so these devices themselves are going to hold data for a long time but they're likely to forward this data to internet connected data centers ultimately these are going to reside in clouds and it will enable cloud hosted analytics to take place to draw inferences between these how much data well I don't even think it's fair to characterize the amount of data we're talking about here as a fire hose this is more like a dam overflowing the spillway compared to the data we're dealing with now and as this data gets in the cloud the utility of it follows what I'm going to predict is a Metcalf law phenomena Metcalf was an engineer who was involved with the invention of the Ethernet the wired connections well if you're old enough you use them and wifi maybe is displacing it but Metcalf contended that the value of the network goes up with the number of things connected to it squared because the more things that are connected to it then you as an individual mode can reach more things and get more utility out of it and I'm going to contend that these networks of sensors actually don't go up linearly in value because if you get more of the measuring different things you can do better analytics and predictions based on correlations or anti-correlations between these things what are these going to be used for well at at the close in view I'm going to say that these things are used for control systems and I'm a control engineer or at least I used to be and the description of a control loop is this where you measure something you have an idea of where you want it to be a thermostat is an example of a control system I want the temperature in this room to be 72 but I put a sensor here that measures what it actually is it could be that the temperature is only 65 but I want 72 I make a comparison send a signal if it's 65 and I want 72 the signal is light the fire in the furnace and this is a closed feedback loop that ultimately achieves the 72 degrees and what justifies the initial deployment of a lot of these is applications in control loops but in aggregate when you put these out there at scale in a city in a whole nation these things will indeed be driving the control loops for utilities, transportation government services you know what is it essentially this is like the central nervous system in your body where these things once they start driving things like your city's traffic lights maybe even the routes your emergency services take they are indeed like the central nervous the central nervous system is with your brain as a control loop is a key element in this and they become critically important what happens if your central nervous system is disrupted a severed spinal cord this might give us a clue as to what might happen to your city if there are disruptions in these IOT networks when your body has a severed spinal cord the symptoms might be loss of feeling loss of motor control localized seizures dementia maybe even paralysis I'd like to suggest that if the same sorts of things go wrong with the IOT networks in a city or government installation we could have the equivalent of that now why would anything go wrong it could be because of design flaws component failures intentional attacks why would a person engage in an intentional attack well could be financial gain either criminal or somebody trying to get a competitive advantage if you look at the pictures there it could even be a scenario like says old war games movies where it's just a couple of kids trying to entertain themselves that have learned how to hack into a system people might engage in this in acts of vandalism political unrest, terrorism even a nation state instigated war bottom line is there's a long list of reasons why you might need to worry about this not running along happily on autopilot you know what's the big picture here I would contend that this control loop idea is an idea where you control the small detail but in aggregate don't forget these control loops are used to feed up into the open data reports that some of the speakers in the session before were talking about LA has their open data website the highlighted section there is that it's from Mayor Eric Garcetti says that it was done to increase transparency accountability in the summer service I was at an AT&T developer summit at the beginning of last year and a keynote speaker there was the mayor of Atlanta Jason Reed and he gave a speech impressed me where he stated that he believed in open data because we have to be first to the future think of all the data with the ability to analyze it and improve people's lives and do this are going to be the leaders not just domestically but in the world it can raise the efficiency and thus GDP and that's the key to a better quality of life well I believe in that but if you believe in that maybe there's reason for concern that this stuff be reliable the same kind of data effectively just like the speakers in the session before showed are used to power dashboards that measure and monitor the effectiveness of government this is basically a report card on your government is what these dashboards amount to why I think there's even historical precedent for this I would compare this to the world's first public library was erected in the city of Boston in the year 1848 and that building stands to this day and it has one of my favorite transcriptions and it's a ball print there so let me read it to you it's inscribed on that Boston public library built in 1848 they were the first ones to do this so this was a big thing in 1848 this was comparable to the first city to go open with their data and build out sensor networks and the inscription on that building the commonwealth requires the education of the people as the safeguard of order and liberty why am I believer in this when you get down to it I would contend that democracy is another control in industrial control like your thermostat you have an idea of where you want things to be you get a measurement of where they are now and you get to send a signal there's nothing to change well democracy is just like that as it turns out you have an idea of where you want it to be these smart smart cities dashboards the open data dashboards are there to tell you where they are now the controller in the control loop is actually you you get to send that signal and it's called your vote and you know the bottom line is as we enable this open data this becomes effectively the foundation of democracy if that data is not reliable yet this is what you're forced to use to send that signal to move things in the direction you want to be this system doesn't work the foundation of that Boston public library was to educate the people give them free access to newspapers to tell them what's going on and in today's society things have changed a little bit and gone high tech but that free and open access to that data is going to essentially be and the key element to keeping democracy functional now it isn't functional unless that data is trustworthy as you see highlighted in yellow I'm not happy that somebody just publishes the data if they've got their sum on the scale and you know control filters own the kill switch that can turn that off when things happen it could change into something like this you know I don't know how many of you have kids but even if you don't have kids you've been to school before and perhaps some of you have had this experience I found this on the internet how do you hide a bad grade on the report card from your parents how do you tamper with the report card well if these portals these open data portals are indeed the report card for a government you know I'd hope this wouldn't apply to any of the speakers from the cities in the session before but there could be somebody somewhere who might have a temptation on the scale now am I paranoid about this well exhibit A it's happened before Flint, Michigan I think you've probably heard about that incident where they changed their water treatment mechanism there there was a doctor who was treating people and with a lot of hard work determined that these people were exhibiting symptoms of poisoning went to the trouble to spot a pattern of correlation where they were coming from particular neighborhoods and the initial reaction of the government both at the city and the state level in Michigan were to accuse her of provoking hysteria well ultimately she was proven correct exhibit B distressed in authority Fukushima the reactor incident there there was a lot of distrust of official reports of the need or lack of need to worry about the radiation being released I was personally involved with this safe cast initiative which was a guy who founded that maker space down in Culver City crash space and I was in there on weekends where we were building drones with radiation detectors the government of Japan seemed to be recalcitrant to actually publish any data and this outfit safe cast went and built their own fleet of drones with radiation sensors that flew a grid at various altitudes were about to release the results of their data collection strangely enough hours before the government of Japan released what they had I'm not sure it was even in the level of detail equivalent to this crowd-sourced initiative but once again here we have another exhibit of the public taking the initiative to go do some data analysis even data collection on their own because of distrust in government and in this case a commercial entity bottom line is here that we've got a number of people both inside and outside these institutions who have incentives to tamper I just don't think that anyone could possibly contend that there aren't people who are going to be prone to engage an intentional act of tampering with this data either denial of service or manipulating the numbers to publish or corrupt the results what could we do about this if we accept that there are going to be evil people trying to deny us access to this data or corrupt the data is there anything we can do about it well in criminal law one of the things I learned in law school are that there are three essential elements of a crime the motive will accept that people have the motive to do this but it also requires the means and opportunity for the crime to take place what if we can do something to remove the means and opportunity so that people can't tamper with this data now I don't think it's a good thing that people have distrust in government institutions anyway and if we can remove the means and opportunity to make this to impose an inherent confidence that this stuff is press worthy that would be a good thing what do we do in other context to build about this kind of these kinds of reliable systems in aviation people use redundancy you see here a jetliner but I don't think anybody gets on a jetliner with one engine because if that one in these jetliners today are built long ago they might have had four engines instead of two built to be fault-prone and this concept of redundancy is used over and over in fields not just limited to aviation medical devices anything that is critical scale brings in a lot of computer industry people and I'm sure anybody who's been at a commercial data center is familiar with things like raid discs and redundant power supplies so this concept has proven to work how do we carry this over to data collection well there's another historical precedent and that is double entry accounting there's a guy named Charlie Munger who is like Warren Buffett right hand man he may in fact be the smarter the two guys he often speaks here at Caltech and he's made a statement that creative accounting you know you have dual column ledgers and for undetected corruption to occur you would have to change it in two different places and it isn't impervious to fraud but it may be it may be it may not be it may not be it may not be it may not be it may not be it may not be it isn't impervious to fraud but it makes it a lot more difficult and it isn't good just for fraud I mean just playing errors if somebody was tired that day with the transcription will be caught by this double entry accounting another thing in the financial accounting field that's similar was the invention of the cash register the cash register was a technology invention of about a hundred years ago it was promoted by this guy Patterson who went on to fund MCR his salesman was a guy named Watson who went on to found IBM but the initial cash register was more or less a simple mechanical device that had an internal paper tape that printed transactions inside a locked box on the cash register so that people got a receipt but it was guaranteed to be recorded in box so some clerk couldn't take the money from from an item handed to a customer and stick it in his pocket without it being detectable at the end of the day people have argued that this is what enabled modern commerce that before the days of the cash register you could never grow a business above a family scale where every employee was inherently trustworthy you know it enabled you to do things like hire people scale to multiple outlets and have some some level of ability to keep honest people on it other context in the technology field that we're familiar with regarding redundancy or wifi you know these days most wifi devices unless you buy the very cheapest one utilize multiple simultaneous channels for redundancy so that if somebody walks in front of this antenna on this side of my laptop there's a signal coming out the other one and it does cost extra money but as witnessed by this deluxe wireless access point in many contexts people consider it worth it and spend the extra money so what else can we do there is something that takes place in the context of bitcoin bitcoin is a modern method of creating an electronic form of money with supported transactions and blockchain is effectively a distributed database that maintains multiple ledgers concurrently and these things are cryptographically hashed to detect or prevent tampering they compute checksum on the first transaction abut it to the next one abut it to the one after that and it builds a chain and anybody who wants to can subscribe and start keeping their own ledger to these blockchains and I don't know what details in the back but these chains of cryptographic checksumming would mean that in order to corrupt these systems you would have to not only break into this transaction chain but as many people who care to keep their own ledger and you'd have to find potentially every one of them and corrupt those as well I'm not saying it's impossible but it certainly reaches the level where most people believe that it's unlikely to be practical for anybody to take it on certainly with today's computer technology so what I'm getting at is I'd like to propose that in this internet of things these devices that collect the data should immediately fork out a funded channel to multiple destinations that hold the data and as this moves to these multiple destinations it should be blockchain what this will do is the equivalent of a dual ledger system where somebody who wanted to corrupt this data would have to take it out in most places and even if they wanted to do it if blockchain was superimposed with this anybody else who wanted to take on my contention is the minimal standard should be too but you should enable anybody else to join in this and keep their own additional ledger so there should be no restrictions on anybody who wants to spend their own money to do this to keep triple column ledgers on this stuff and I'm not saying I have all the answers here because just to say let's use blockchain that potentially is a one hour at least session on its own or maybe even a whole conference but this idea that we come up with the equivalent of a dual ledger will make this stuff resilient just like having dual engines on the aircraft are it provides a level of protection and I think ultimately the economic cost of having dual copies is either trivial or maybe not even there at all the context I'm suggesting here is that when this data goes to these public clouds potentially let's just say it goes to the Amazon cloud if it only goes to the one source in the long run when the day comes when Amazon has all of this data what's to stop them from price gouging you on access and it's not just your ability to read these one at a time I'm going to contend that when it gets there this is going to enable things people haven't dreamed of before let me just throw out a couple ideas of what you could do just with traffic sensors I think people think oh traffic sensors that would allow me to do a service like Waze or Google Maps helps people drive to work a little quicker but I would contend that if I had the vehicle speed sensors in the freeway complex that we have here in Southern California I could turn an AI on that and have it tell me the weather perhaps more reliably than the National Weather Service because you're going to be able to spot patterns you know where it's 50 degrees it's raining maybe even in some of the higher regions it gets a little icy but there are going to be repeatable patterns of people slowing down in cloverleafs to where with that traffic sensor network around you could deduce the weather well that's interesting but we already deduce the weather why do you need that well I contend you could do other things with it if I had those traffic sensors measuring every vehicle coming out of the port of Long Beach in other words the traffic the cargo containers being unloaded and the streets going into every Walmart every target I could turn an AI loose and I think that I'd get a better measure of the economy than the Department of Commerce turns out you know I don't know about you guys but I swear that I've seen some of these economic forecast predict nine of the nine of the two last recessions and they give GDP forecast but my experience as an investor is that those things can be all over the map you know the field of the field of economics often gives these reports to three significant digits but ultimately the origin of where they're coming out with these forecast are poll you know they call purchasing managers how are these things going for you well I think we can see from the last election that sometimes polling isn't reliable well if I had these road sensor networks all over LA all over the country I would contend that I could turn this into a better forecast of the current state of the economy than anything we've got today a lot of the things people will be able to do with these sensors are things you and I can't dream of but by make an open access to this data it could be that some 14 year old high school kid is going to come up with some remarkable inference based on this and I want to enable that to enable that the data has to be open but I would contend being a software engineer now with the amount of the data being as large as it is the compute capacity that analyzes this data has to be placeable close to the data if I'm going to do this in my home with my own laptop I can't be pulling the amount of data we're talking with over a wifi link down to my house every time I do a run I think this this data ultimately will reside in public clouds and these public clouds today whether it's Amazon, Google AT&T has one that most definitely IOT they also rent you analytical capacity or compute capacity and taking this back to my proposal that I want dual communication channels coming out of these things that would result in it being in two public clouds so you've got price competition if it goes into Google's cloud plus Amazon's cloud first of all it's redundant so if terrorists take out one the other one is there and it's still got the data if the proprietor of one of those clouds has a bad quarter on Wall Street and wants to engage in a little price gouging the fact that it is all that same data is available in that second cloud is going to put a clamp on that so that in a nutshell is the kinds of things I am talking about but I don't have all the ideas here you know I hope I've convinced you that this data presents an opportunity but there is also a risk and this being a technology conference I would contend that people in this room are part of the solution it isn't just me I'm not telling you all the answers I want you guys to get involved now why do I want you guys to get involved can't we just trust governments to take care of all of this well I don't think we can and the reason is as I've mentioned before I think potentially people in government have a conflict of interest you know the bad report card issue you know they might I don't want them to own the kill switch to hide bad news like what you saw in Flint Michigan in order for the administration to win the next election I think that if this stuff goes up to clouds with blockchain we won't even have to discuss those kinds of issues and anybody who would accuse a government of tampering would probably be viewed rightfully as somebody with a tinfoil hat but if it goes out like some of this stuff is today with no check summing arbitrary controls somebody more or less keeping this information in a private computer only letting the information go in the form of pre-calculated reports there are going to be allegations of tampering and there's probably going to be some tampering I think that we already have a precedent maybe not so much in the US but look at China, North Korea they pretty clearly already engage in censorship planted one side in information delivery I don't think that's right I would like the systems to be built so that it couldn't possibly ever happen here the I think there might be people who would contest the idea that there are going to be people who want to own the kill switch and one of the things they're likely to bring out in favor of the need for the kill switch is fear among greens, the enemy could use it I think it's time to call PS on that kind of stuff I mean if you go back maybe I think this audience might be at least half as old as I am but I remember the day when people in LA used these Thomas Brothers printed maps to get around before the days of Google Maps and the same thing of the enemy could use this information they could find this critical infrastructure could have been used as an argument to make Thomas Brothers maps illegal well, be it I mean, yeah there is a risk but when it came to road maps we lived with it and I would say with this type of information we could live with it again the other reason I think that you and the audience need to get involved with this is that the government has limited resources, you know technology moves really rapidly you know I coach a high school robotics team and kids get enamored sometimes kids come to this wanting to learn computer programming simply because you've heard that programmers right now are making a lot of money well my response to them is that look this field moves so rapidly that I can guarantee you that unless you like this you're not going to keep up because every 10 years things change so much that what you learned 10 years ago has been reduced almost to nothing in value and I think that the people in this room perhaps are out there more on the leading edge of some of the IT departments and government agencies to use a basketball analogy the bench strength with government IT might not go three player team and if we're getting this kind of thing started we could use that kind of thing the third reason I think that it's important to enable public involvement with this is a principle of basic fairness you know to a large extent our own personal lives have become open books to governments and corporations to an unprecedented degree I showed the quote there from Scott McNeely the founder of Sun you have zero privacy get over it the premise of the NSA has been more or less let us have access to all your data and will relieve your fear you know are these good or fair bargains well it didn't really get a choice it came about like it or not and there's nothing you can do about it but the fact is that in the current society the government already has access to a lot of your own personal information I think it's a principle of basic fairness that if the government is paying to harvest this information through sensor networks with your tax dollars that you are entitled to open trustworthy access to that data so where do we go from here I think there is a problem and that you the people in the audience are perhaps better prepared to understand these issues contribute ideas in solution I don't want these systems of the future to be built just like they were in 1990 you know we've got potential technology to do this better and if we do it better these things will improve our quality of life the productivity of our civilization if they raise the GDP we're all going to be better off so thank you I'll admit once again in 40 minutes this wasn't like a super deep dive into the technology but you know it is what it is at that point here's my contact information here's a link to the slide deck on SlideShare and if anybody has any questions good night everybody welcome to you guys so actually this is pretty cool I'm sorry man the CIO the language took off man he had a great cheese you could be making a lot of money and mine just took off that could solve all sort of budget issues so thanks everything you say really makes sense in terms of the technical details and I think as open source advocates of this conference we would all agree on everything to do with the data and the technology the other part of the open source is the community and the sort of trust within that and we have methods for that block chaining is kind of like an expansion on sort of the web of trust and all that but what if you flip what you say around like everything you say there's this cautionary tale is sort of what is used to dissuade people from using data we had all the advocates for open data from like all the big local communities and only channel guys stayed around that represent second best but the I feel like in the tech community we constantly have this thing of the conflict between the sort of technical and the human or the community and whatever commercial or just code I think it's likely that we as individuals I think one of the things that seems to be happening I mean even listening to the prior session commercial entities are getting involved with government to milk this stuff out and I'm not saying that's a bad thing because it helps build bench strength but what I don't want to see is commercial entities go there and kind of take over this data and trickle it out in little oracles that they choose to on a pay-per-view basis you know with essentially ownership of the data in exchange for putting this infrastructure in place and I think people like us at scale need to keep an eye out for those kinds of one sided transactions for taking place but it needs to go to these dual sources that will compete with each other and I think it would be helpful because putting this stuff out there is going to cost money and potentially there are going to be commercial entities that offer to subsidize this and subsidize it in ways where effectively they're usurping the data itself you know I don't want this stuff to be kind of going through the equivalent of money laundering except that this is data laundering of realm into the private realm just because these guys put up the seed capitol kind of got free access ways to public property put the sensors in place and then take over ownership of the valuable data you know I really think that things like that analogy I gave of using road sensors to deduce the state of the economy well I think investment banks might be able to make a lot of money off that instead of publishing the forecast of GDP out to the public they engage in commodity future trading or stock market trading in their own back rules there might easily be enough profit in that to justify them putting in place the sensor networks but we as the public won't get to take advantage of that this might not be an open data question but what about the security of IoT devices on that scale well security of these things now like I've got a lot of these whole automation things and I would contend that a lot of these consumer rich things right now have security worse than things made in the 1990s simply because I don't think the typical buyer has any appreciation for being able to tell the difference and there might have been entities that put things out that were a little more secure but they were put out of business by the guy who had a few pennies out of the price and found that the public couldn't appreciate the distinction when it comes to industrial control security you know outside the consumer realm having been involved in that industry I think a lot of that legacy stuff predated the internet and was inherently designed in a way that was appropriate for a world where the internet didn't exist where somebody too conscious of way is able to get in there and tamper with it I don't think that answers your question about security of IoT give me a follow up maybe whether I for security of IoT security let me just give you a slide security cameras the recent attacks we had I noticed that security is sometimes always an afterthought with these things and I guess that's kind of what I thought you were going to address in this talk when you talked about IoT devices in like this sort of thing because I went to DEF CON last year and that was one of the talks that they gave where these two guys were able to hack into this bike thing and they were able to get some free bikes and go around town even still is an afterthought and there are so many different devices out there made by different vendors that I don't think it's fair to say they're all horrible and none of them have two seconds of thought put into security but there are a lot of them that are like that as an engineer I'd say that what I'd like to say but I'd like to hear other people's opinions as well I think on a lot of these sensor reporting things I would make them unidirectional so that they're really capable of reaching out on their own and publishing their data on some public cloud that is able to have enough network and compute horsepower to reject denial of service attacks and if these little IoT devices really are only emit only they only publish data they don't even support logging in or anything like that that eliminates a lot of the potential problem and I think I might go a step further is saying that let's just not even make some updatable because anytime you allow them to replace their firmware on their own hackers can tamper with that if you made them write once devices where there simply isn't a way back in there and they are set to permanently transfer their sensor readings out to two different destinations I think they could be made pretty resilient if you are going to support remote updates of the firmware on these devices I think there might be an argument for requiring physical proximity to do that that disables the ability to do that over the network connection and make somebody utilize physical access to the device in order to pull that off but you know I don't know that you need to come up with legislative standards that go in great detail as to how you build these just broad principles that they should go to two different destinations that have their communications checks on them while they are going to vote I think we will make these vastly more tamper resistant than what you got out there today and I think part of the problem is that a lot of the people potentially acquiring these don't even know what to ask for or that they should ask for things like this if they realize that they want they want to order 10,000 road sensors it might not even occur to them that there be a security aspect there and that you might have some options and I hate to see the guy who just chooses the vendor based on being two cents lower than the next guy I think I heard you say that you would like other input on that and I think it's only appropriate that at scale we could mention another way to make things more secure is to make them open source and to prefer things that are open source and so when you're a part of a government making a purchasing decision if you are going to buy one of these devices if you prefer someone who's either actually using open source in their code or supporting open source I think that's a great way forward I'm talking about the data that's in flight from your sensor to the remote master collector what is your opinion of clear text versus encrypted well if it's going to be open anyway I don't you know there's two issues if you check someone it can't be if it is tampered with or corrupted just because of hardware fault it will be detected if it's ultimately going to be deemed open I don't see any reason to interpret it any more questions? so thank you so much for coming to scale again this is a volunteer community event so if you see something I think this could be a community event as well as mine and fellows and Steve and Lawrence back there so thank you so much again we'll try to make it a big group by asking the captain to go to the house


We developed a floodplain inundation model to estimate the availability of suitable spawning habitat for alligator gar in the Guadalupe River basin, Texas. Our analysis showed that the highest levels of suitable spawning habitat are associated with peak flows of 2057 to 3108 M3 slash S, with a total of 9,000 hectares available. Additionally, we found that alligator gar recruitment is highest when peak flows are between 5 and 3 years, with a total of 6,000 hectares available. This suggests that the Guadalupe River basin should be managed to ensure that peak flows of 5 to 3 years occur regularly to maintain healthy populations of alligator gar. This article was authored by Kimberly M. Miteson, Clinton R. Robertson, Jennifer L. Jensen and others.


Hi, I'm Rusty Komori and this is Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii. I was the head coach of the Punahou Boys Varsity Tennis Team for 22 years, and we were fortunate to win 22 consecutive state championships. This show is based on my books Beyond the Lines and Beyond the Game, and it's about leadership, character, and creating a superior culture of excellence. My special guest today is a super sports agent whose clients include NFL star quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo and Super Bowl 53 MVP Julian Edelman. He is Carter Chow, and today we are going way beyond contract negotiations. Hey, Carter, welcome to Beyond the Lines. Thanks for having me, Rusty. It's a privilege to be here. I'm grateful for the opportunity and look forward to spending some time with you today. Carter, you are such a highly sought after sports agent, and I know that you played college tennis at BYU in Utah, and can you tell me a bit more about your background? Sure, sure. I grew up in Utah, as you know. My father was at Brigham Young University working for a long time, and I played junior tennis all over Utah in the Intermountain region, and then ultimately ended up playing at BYU and had an incredible experience there. I met my wife there. She's a Punahou graduate, Sarah Lee. Her father has also been on your show, and so I'm very familiar with the work you're doing, which I think is terrific. After graduating from BYU, we went to law school together and I tell everyone if it wasn't for Sarah, I probably wouldn't have graduated. She did much better than I did, but she got me through law school and that jump started my career in law. I did an internship for the Houston Texans in 2002. It was their inaugural season in the NFL and just had a fabulous experience there. It was exposed to a lot of things that are very applicable to what I'm doing in my current job. At the time, I didn't ever think I'd be working in sports. I'd already taken a job at a big corporate law firm in New York, and after our time in Houston, we did go to New York for several years, and really that was an opportunity for me to kind of cut my teeth on the corporate side, learning about negotiations, writing agreements, and just understanding how the world works, if you will. And after that, I spent a few years at the Arena Football League, and that's really kind of how I got back into sports, and now 16 years later, I've been helping clients both on and off the field with their professional endeavors. So that's kind of my experience in a nutshell, but I do look forward to talking to you a little bit more about some of the experiences I've had over the years.  Now, what's the biggest thing you learned from your dad? Well, that's a hard question, Rossi. I've learned so much from my dad over the years. I mean, he's my biggest fan, he's my mentor, and certainly one of my best friends, and really watching him and his approach to his profession, it's really just about the hard work and preparation and doing things the right way with integrity and honesty and commanding respect. And I think if nothing else, despite all the wins and the losses and the success that he may have had, it's really about treating people with respect and doing things the right way. And that's what I'll always take away from my father, the things that he's taught me over the years. Yeah, I mean, he's a man that definitely works hard. And I mean, to work with three Heisman trophy winners, I mean, that's amazing. And we all know that movie, that Tom Cruise movie, Jerry Maguire, right, Carter, that plays a sports agent, but in real life, it's nothing really like that, right? No, no, it isn't, I often get asked that question. I wish my day-to-day life was as exciting or as sexy as what happened in that movie. But unfortunately, it's not. I mean, I have had some, wow, Jerry Maguire moments in my career, but no, I mean, you know, I work hard just like everybody else does, day in and day out, but I'm not going to elaborate parties or hanging out on super yachts all the time. I have had those experiences, but you know, we do work hard from our desks every day. Yeah, I mean, I know you work hard. I mean, but yeah, it's not about all the partying and stuff. I mean, you guys do so much beyond contract negotiations with endorsement deals. I mean, what else do you guys do? Yeah, you know, I feel like I wear many hats in my role as an agent. Obviously my job is to help my clients find and to keep jobs. It's not just getting drafted or getting to a spot where they're on a team. It's really helping them keep jobs. And I found that those conversations and those relationships mature over time. There's a lot that goes into what I do. I mean, I'm a counselor. I'm a psychologist. I'm just someone that will be a sounding board for my clients. Oftentimes, they want to talk to someone that's not their parents, not their spouse, someone they can just have a conversation with and not be judged. And really, that allows me, I think, Rusty, to do my job the best that I can because I do get to know my clients on such a very intimate level, if you will, that it allows me to really, when I'm negotiating contracts for them, put the things that they value first. Obviously, I'm negotiating the contract on their behalf and we're trying to accomplish what they want to accomplish. And so for me to properly do that, I think it just takes time and effort to get to know them and to understand what their goals and aspirations are. And everyone's a little bit different. It's not necessarily always about dollars and cents. I mean, some guys, they want to be in a certain city. Some guys want to play for a specific coach or a specific organization. And so I think in the public eye sometimes, people see decisions being made and they don't really understand what the goal of the player was. Oh, they could have made a lot more money here. Well, yes, they could have, but they value being in a certain situation maybe more than another player would when it comes to just dollars and cents. Now, Carter, Tom Brady is one of the most polarizing athletes in all of sports and what is your connection to Tom Brady? So my partners, Don Ye and Steve Dubin, have represented Tom since he came into the NFL. And I have been very, very fortunate, lucky, blessed, whatever you want to call it, to have had a front row seat to one of the most incredible careers in professional sports. Man, that's amazing that you had that front row seat. That's a fun picture. I was after the AFC championship game a couple of years ago, but yes, it's been incredible and Tom and his family have been very gracious to me and my family over the years and I'll always be appreciative of that relationship. Oh, that's absolutely incredible, Carter. And I want to ask you, Carter, what specifically do you look for in clients? So that's a good question. And, you know, when you think about the draft every year, Rusty, there's maybe 250 players that are selected every year, around 250. About 350 are invited to the combine and that's generally a good indication of whether a player may or may not be drafted. We just finished the combine in Indianapolis. It's just actually finishing up as we speak. And so when we're trying to identify young men that we want to work with, we're really looking for three specific. So obviously they've got to have the ability to play in the NFL. There's so many good college players out there, but playing in the NFL, it's just a whole, it's a whole another level. You think about that progression from being a college, a high school athlete and getting a college scholarship and then moving on to the NFL. The percentages are very, very small. And so they have to have the ability to play in the NFL. Number two, I'm looking for good character players to work with. And I think every agent will tell you they're looking for good character. And to me, that's more than just not getting a call at two o'clock in the morning and have to clean up a mess, right? I'm looking for guys that have a certain type of work ethic that they're humble, they're coachable. They're guys that teammates want to play for. They want to be a part of something special. And I think oftentimes that's not something you can learn. It's just something that's inherent and that you've sharpened over the years. And then the last thing for me is I'm looking for someone that would be a good personality fit for me. Someone that will match the qualities that I feel like I have the losing my word here. The kind of the qualities that make me, make me who I am. And we work so closely with these clients and their families that we want to make sure that we're representing them the way that they want to be represented.  And one of your clients is a NFL star quarterback, Jimmy Garoppolo, and you have a fantastic relationship with him. And I want to ask you if you can talk to me about your relationship with him and really what makes him successful? Sure.  It's a big Italian family. There's four brothers and they're very, very close knit. And I love that about him. Very good values. And it's Midwestern family that I think is just a great model for young people growing up. But Jimmy, he's a very likable person. It's no secret that he's had success everywhere he's gone because his teammates want to play for him. Oftentimes, Chubis do their own things when it comes to working out. They've got their own regimen or their own team, you know, when it comes to working out. They've got their own regimen or their own kind of style of working out. But Jimmy's right in there with the offensive linemen with the linebackers, pushing them in the way room as he is off on the field. And I think other players respect that. I certainly respect that. And he's just been a pleasure to work with both on and off the field. And he's in a very unique situation right now, contractually, but I think if you followed anything that's happened this past year, he's done a very good job of just focusing on his business on the field. And he's done a nice job kind of blocking out some of the outside noise that may have been around the organization and the league for the 2021 season. Yeah, I completely agree with you. I mean, Jimmy G, he finds a way to get the job done.  And another winner is your other client, Julian Edelman, who was the Super Bowl 53 MVP. Now, can you tell me about Julian's character and what makes him successful? Wow, I love Julian. It was hard this year, not seeing him out on the field after having worked with him his entire career. But Julian, outside of Tom, probably the hardest worker that I've had the privilege of working with over the course of my career. True blue collar guy. He grew up just outside of San Francisco. His father is a mechanic. And I think his dad really drove him to become the type of player and person he is. He was very, very hard on him if you talk to Julian or his father. I mean, they make no bones about it. Julian was always undersized, always overlooked. He played at a junior college. He went to a non-power five max school. And no one really thought much of him coming out of college. I mean, he played quarterback at Kent State and obviously had to make a position switch when he moved to the NFL. And there weren't a lot of people outside of my partners and I rested that they really believed that Julian could do what he did. But he was ultimately drafted by the Patriots in the seventh round. Now, I'll tell you that wasn't by coincidence. And really after that, he got his opportunity, took full advantage of that opportunity and his credit. He earned everything that he got and it was a fun run and still enjoy communicating with Julian, working with him a little bit. But I gotta tell you, in my professional career, at Super Bowl 53, when the Patriots beat the Rams in Atlanta and he was chosen as the Super Bowl MVP, was probably one of the highlights. I was there with my family. Was obviously, as you can see in that picture on the field with Julian after the game. And then after my family got to meet him and Julian gave my son his gloves that he's wearing in that picture from that game. And we got to hold the Lombardi trophy together. And just it was a really, really neat experience for my family and having Julian and Tom as his clients at that time was a really special time for us. Well, that's extraordinary. I mean, and you've seen him from the beginnings all the way to the, till you retired. And that's absolutely fascinating. When we have some time, we got lots of Julian's story. So probably not the time and place right now, but a terrific, terrific guy. And I consider him a good friend. So I'll always be appreciative to Julian and what he did for me. No, he's such a great example for everybody.  You know, yes. I've never been a professional coach in any capacity other than maybe helping my son's little league teams. But I feel like my responsibility as an agent is to provide my clients with honest and meaningful guidance and advice, no different than a coach would do with any of their players. And to really help put them in positions, Rusty, for them to have success, right?  And I feel like as an agent, that's what we're doing as well. We're hopefully putting them in the best positions possible to find success and having the necessary conversations and preparing them to be able to go out and make good decisions for themselves. I mean, as much as in your books, I could feel some of the angst when you're watching your players compete in the state championship. I mean, that's like me on Sundays. I mean, there's really nothing you can do once that first service hit or once the ball is kicked.  No, you know, and Carter, I think you and I have PhDs in psychology without actually having the actual certificate of a PhD in psychology. No question, no question. I've just spoken to my father about that many times. He does have a doctorate in educational psychology and sometimes I'm flying by the seat of my pants. But like I said before, I mean, oftentimes players, they're just looking to talk. And I've learned over the course of my career that sometimes the best thing that we can do resting is just listen. And I think a lot of problems can be resolved by just listening and oftentimes sharing your own life stories that may be something that the player can relate to. Yeah, I agree with you, Carter. And you mentioned my books a little earlier and I know that you got my books through, from your dad, coach Norm, and from your father-in-law, Abley. I mean, you're getting it from both directions. Yeah, I'm waiting for one to be signed to me. I mean, I've got one, hey, coach, and Diane or Abley, but yeah, I'm looking forward to getting my own signed copy from you. So maybe after the show, we can take care of that. Oh, well, I'll definitely sign it for you to Carter.  I feel so grateful to them. And I want to know how you like the books and what stood out to you in it. Yeah, I love the books. I really enjoyed the way that you started your second book, making an impact. And I really took that to heart, both in my professional life and in my personal life as a husband and a father. And like I said, I'm an advocate as a player. I don't play as much as I'd like to these days. But I really feel like the sport can be an allegory for life. And I love the way that you've woven the different stories and experiences that you've had into teaching people about being successful and going beyond the lines and actually finding success in business and in life. And I think back to my own experience with tennis and it just teaches you so many things, right? It teaches you about physical and mental toughness and hard work and dedication. And I love that quote, and I'll butcher it, but that you use by Andre Agassi about the tennis. There's no secret by tennis uses the language of life, right? It's a catalyst for so many things that can be learned. So I really enjoyed reading both of them and I definitely want to send them to some of my clients for a training camp or Christmas gifts here this year. I think they would enjoy reading them as well. Well, I like that you said that the impact, make an impact, that's what we're all trying to do. And yeah, we definitely got to inspire your clients as well. And Carter, what is the best advice you ever received? You know, I think it'd probably be something my father said. It's really just about treating people with respect and kindness. And if you find ways to serve others in whatever capacity am I, I do feel like in my job, one of the things I enjoy is I'm serving my clients. They're obviously paying for a service, but I'm serving them and helping them to find success both on and off the field and ultimately happiness off the field. And I think if you do that, you can find happiness and fulfillment in your own life. And Carter, you have a beautiful family. I mean, your wife, Sarah, your kids, I mean, they, you must feel so happy that they totally, like 1 million percent support you and you as a sports agent dad, right? I do, I'm very grateful. Sarah's been a tremendous support for me over the years. I travel a lot and she's always here to maintain the house, take care of the kids. And, you know, I do work hard so when I can share special experiences like those pitchers and Super Bowls and going to games and just doing fun and unique things with them, it means a lot. That's kind of the payoff for dad not being home and missing certain things throughout the year. So I certainly appreciate Sarah and my kids' understanding and supporting me and my extended family as well, my parents and in-laws for going out of their way to help us live the crazy life that we live. But Carter, you know, when you're at the games, like the Super Bowl, you know, you're just not at the game. You're like, you get to go on the field. That's different than most people who have the chance to go. Cohen has changed things a little bit, unfortunately, but yes, Russ, I have been very fortunate over the years to kind of have had that behind the scenes access and it's not always good. Sometimes you don't wanna know how the sausage is made but I've been very fortunate to see things from different perspectives. And ultimately, I think it helps me be better in my job and provide clients with just a little bit, maybe different perspective than people that may have not have had that access. So I'm very grateful. And I think that's a function of doing things the right way and obviously knowing the right people and associating with the right people.  I think that's why you're very selective with who you have because you wanna really represent them in the greatest possible way and you can't do that if you have like a thousand clients, right? I think you're exactly right. There's a fine balance between being able to make a living and support your family and then maybe having too many clients where you spread yourself a little bit thin and you're not able to provide them with the level of service that you want. So we've chosen certainly quality over quantity. We're very selective in whom we choose to work with. And I think that served me well over the course of my career because teams know if I call them or I'm talking to them about one of my clients that they're going to get a certain type of individual, certain type of character, certain type of work ethic as we discussed, the teams can evaluate the player on film and they'll watch games and they'll have a much better understanding as to how that player may fit into their scheme or into their organization. But they're really looking to an agent to help kind of fill in the holes and help them understand whether they're making the right investment in the player. And you have to understand when you get into a professional sports environment, obviously the team, the organization wants you to be productive on the field, but they're also looking for someone that will be outstanding in the community, someone that the organization that can be proud of and they do so much work, background work on players going back to when they were in high school that they really rely on agents to try and help them understand what kind of individual they're getting as well. So, again, I think that just is a matter of having a reputation of working with good quality clients and I've been very fortunate over the years to have had those clients on my roster list, if you will. So, that's our focus and it's hard though. It's hard, Rusty, to try and find players that fit those three criteria that we're looking for and obviously continue to maintain the current clients that you have. So, that's the challenge every year, but unfortunately we've been able to do that for a long time. Well, that's why you have a superior culture of excellence, Carter. And Carter, I wanna ask you one more thing before we wrap up. When you reflect back on your life so far, what's an important lesson you learned? Like I said, to treat everyone with respect, do things the right way. I think that's how you'll find fulfillment. I mean, professionally for me, fulfillment is seeing my clients find success on the field and happiness off the field. And personally, it's spending time with my family and providing them with opportunities that will help them learn and to grow and to experience unique things. Well, I like that. It's all about fulfillment there, Carter. And I wanna thank you for taking time to be on the show today. You've been doing such incredible work. I mean, now I know why you're highly sought after and I really wanna thank you for joining me on the show today. Thank you, my privilege and look forward to continuing to follow your career and look forward to that third book, Rusty. Thanks, Carter. All right, all the best. And thank you for watching Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii. For more information, please visit RustyKamori.com and my books are available on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. I hope that Carter and I will inspire you to create your own superior culture of excellence and to find your greatness and help others find theirs. Aloha.