Hi guys, welcome back to this video and yet we are still talking about what we call this visa. This visa sponsorship for personal, for family, for espouse, for children, for brothers, for parents and for espouses relatives in one world or the other. That's what we're still talking about. Remember it's mixed from the mixed creation. First time come across this channel please consider supporting and subscribing this channel. By the way don't forget to hit that notification bell because it will only be the only way that you'll be updated whenever we upload a new video. Thank you so much for coming back to this channel. In today's video we are going to look at what we call personal visa for other relationship.  Friends or sisters or brothers, they also need other visa requirements. You need to fill up what you call visa requirements for them. They are at documents that you are supposed to fill for them to be accepted to come and visit. And one of the documents first of all what I need to let you know is that you are supposed to apply through what you call the personal sponsoring. Who is already a residency in Katahia, he is supposed to use what you call the maitrash. Maitrash to where you can apply for those visa.  You filled up what you call all the documents that you are supposed to fill. And in today's video let us try to see what are the requirements for you to have.  In case you are going to sponsor your wife, spouse, friends or relatives to come. In case you are going to sponsor your sister, in case you are going to sponsor your brother to come and see you. What are the requirements? One of the requirements is that you need to apply what you call. You need to have what you call a visa application form. You need to fill that one with all the information duly filled out with no gaps. Everything that is being asked is that you are supposed to fill it. It is one of the requirements. Then also you need a no objection letter from your employer. A no objection letter you need from the employer.  You definitely need to have what you call a no objection letter from your employer. Then also a photocopy of the company ID. You need to have that photocopy of the company ID for that company that you are working for. You need to have a photocopy of its ID and it is one of the attack forms that you are supposed to have. Then also you are supposed to have a copy of the passport of those people that are going to visit you.  If they are coming to visit you then probably you need to attach a copy of their passports. Then you need to attach to what you call the applicants ID. You need to attach to what you call your ID, your resident permit ID. If you are living in Katal, here you need to attach a copy of your ID and that ID should be valid and it is also a requirement. Then also you need to attach a copy of your wife resident card if she is a resident.  So in this country in Katal or in any of these countries. So what you need if she is a resident and has a copy of the ID you also need to attach that ID is one of the requirements. Then also you need to attach what you call proof of relationship. The proof of relationship also has to be attached.  If the person visiting you is your brother or is your sister you have to attach the proof that is showing you that it is your brother or it is your sister. It is required as a fully duly deformed for you to have the visa approved in one or the other. Then still also you need to have what you call a minimum salary. We talk about the minimum salary. The minimum salary for that is supposed to be 10,000 Kataria. To sponsor your wife's mother, to sponsor your mother, to sponsor your wife, to sponsor your children, your brother or to sponsor your sister in one or the other. Hope I've tried to share up something for you. Thank you so much for coming back to this channel. Arores up get you and Arores get you and Arores give you the information in time. Thank you so much for subscribing to this channel and thank you so much. Watch my videos from the next creation. See you again in another video.


two the lovely lavender is a special sub district developed for this compact neighborhood which is the pedestrian business district that's specific to that section of 9th street that business district of 9th street and a lot of this was reflected of the 9th street plan that was adopted back in the late 2000s so since the adoption of design districts there have been technical corrections you've seen them through the almost annual or biannual omnibus tech tech amendment technical changes bill bills I've been looking at legislation a little too long lately text amendments and also as the design districts have been implemented staff has monitored the effectiveness or any issues that have come up that are a little bit more than just technical or minor changes policy changes and so we began developing and starting to work on these changes starting back in 2014 and hence the TC 14 case number so to emphasize we're not rezoning anything at this time we're not changing any boundaries we're not changing any sub district boundaries we are taking a look at the lists and considerate or we did take a look at the lists of issues and considerations that were developed by staff and and other stakeholders and applicants we even took on an additional mission of developing specific street typologies that would be applicable only to the design districts at this point but maybe in the future could be more applicable to other aspects of Durham we have had extensive staff and interdepartmental meetings and reviews this is this again has been going on since 2014 so we have definitely not rushed this one we have also had focus groups where we have had design professionals that have worked with the regulations and design professionals who have not really had to work with it just wasn't part of their job purview to work with them and get feedback with that to get different aspects and opinions on it we've had public meetings back in September we had two public meetings on drafts I know at least a few of you have attended those meetings and we receive feedback on that and then we also have had JCCPC review of these proposed changes I'm just going to go down I don't want to take your go into depth about this at this time I just want to kind of run down the hot topics for you all to pay attention to as you review this in more detail and prepping me with questions probably in April if not before we are doing one of the big changes is a substantial reorganization where one of the big things we heard was that if we could consolidate more of the design dysregulations into one area of the UDO instead of having to follow through with it throughout and we've been able to do that to a certain extent in some other areas it just works out to works better not to do that but we have we are creating a new article article 16 exists we are replacing article 16 with design districts and moving definitions to article 17 so we are creating one new article but the new article 16 will be called design districts and the sections will be broken up in the by topic so as you see in your packet hopefully the first section is more general or use related aspects the second section will be site design primary aspects with site design third section building design and then fourth section streetscapes lotting patterns and such we did originally and in actually in the staff report I indicated a section 16.5 and a 16.6 and that was the plan up to very recently and I apologize for not deleting that part even up through the JCC recent JCC PC review we had those sections in there we reverted those back to their original articles article 10 is parking and article nine is landscaping it just for those particular aspects it just tends to work better that if someone wants to find out about all the parking regulations whether they're generally applicable parking regulations no matter where you are or specific design district regulations it just I polled a number of people and it's like in that particular instance for example it just works out for it to stay in one section so that's why we kind of backed off from that same thing with landscaping trying to prevent people having to do too much going back and forth which was the original intent of coordinating fall into one section so basic highlights I'm just going to go through some main topics if you want additional information I'd be glad to expound upon it a little bit more for you and even if you and if you have like you see typos or you just need some basic clarity on things feel free to email me feel free to call me I'm around I can easily fix those no big deal I don't want to take up your time with those kind of comments be glad to and even if you want to come in and meet and talk about things more substantially we can do that too but to get back to the highlights so one of the things that we heard from DDI it's in their draft master plan that was recently released and even from the focus groups was creating more of a non-residential street experience in the core of downtown and along the axes of Main Street and Foster Blackwell not to prohibit residential but just focus on non-residential uses at the street level to activate it a little bit more in that core design special use permit we are removing those we are removing that aspect of the ordinance for a combination of reasons we feel that a number of the changes get at what has been asked for and past special use permit applications correct correct there's still an opportunity if there's a unique site situation that creates a that the applicant feels is an unreasonable hardship there's still an avenue for a variance we've met with one group that I failed to mention that we also met with was DDI DDI brought downtown downtown Durmink they brought in a number of the developers or developer representatives for downtown and we spoke specifically about design district design special use permits and I'm comfortable in saying that at least 50% of them walked away feeling pretty comfortable with it there's other aspects to why we've taken them out we've also left in provisions for still seeking special use permits for more targeted areas so open space requirements one comes is the one that comes to mind I know there's a couple other and I'm just blanking on them right now but transitioning into next bullet point there are new open space requirements that the current regulations do require certain types of open space they're not called open space they're called pedestrian malls or possibly even pedestrian passages even the some of the frontage types like courtyards create a type of open space if you want to call it that way but these are actual specific provisions for larger development projects and is very and is consistent with the recently adopted downtown open space plan so that's why that's being implemented we've also well there was no specific open space requirements I'm using quotes sorry but open space requirements at all currently so the the downtown open space plan said require minimum of 2% of the gross site area for projects that were over 80,000 square feet in building area on sites of four acres or more and we're consistent with that it's we say three and a half acres because that lines up with our block sizing but and then service areas we've really tight we've really service areas are the areas where and we define that where you might have loading areas or mechanical equipment or trash handling and such and we're really expounded upon and specif and prescribes the specific requirements especially along street frontages the applicability of frontage types we've really tightened up how they are applicable or when they should be applied the current language was was somewhat ambiguous at times so we tightened that up we've revised height allowances and provisions we got away from a ratio calculation with streetscape to just set numbers and those numbers are are consistent or appreciate the ratios that are currently established but we heard it from all sides that can you just give a set numbers and and can work from there and then we also revise the provisions for getting additional height we wanted them to mean something more a lot of them stayed the same we might have adjusted how much additional height you got so affordable housing we actually bumped it up but and then some we might have combined so public parking and providing electric charging stations we combined that into one and specified gave more details to what you would actually provide the public parking as an example again structured parking we got into more deep we kind of pulled that out as its own frontage type and made it a standalone architectural standards because they can either be standalone structures or they can be a component of another of a building itself and so we felt it just seemed to work better as these are the architectural standards for parking structures and they also do limit where parking is visible on the ground floor we heard feedback I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm very excited thank you plus I want to get you guys out of here but limiting the exposure of parking at the at the street level and then also limiting exposure even at the upper levels too so it's a little bit more compatible at least gives a screening of those parking facilities at upper levels so let me ask you this if under the new regs and this is one question I had as I read it under the existing regs if I wanted to build a freestanding parking deck there was a frontage type for that and there were a lot of requirements and what have you if I want to build a freestanding deck today you still could I can but what is it going to look like is does it no longer have to conform to a frontage type? It's not a frontage type it's just its own set of architectural standards the frontage types a lot of times focus on just the street level experience it's a facade application and then there's some general above the street level general architectural standards we felt that it just seemed to work out review-wise and for even just clarity purposes to say let's just treat parking structures as their own kind of beast and how does this work so if I wanted to build a something like the Liberty Apartments one of these four or five-story frame on two stories podium wrapping a parking deck but irreverently referred to sometimes as a Texas doughnut no it's not a new one and if I have if my deck is exposed you would have to be consistent with the requirements in the ordinance if it's not exposed if it's completely wrapped then you're not going to have to worry about it so if my if the deck maybe that wasn't a very good example say Solis Ninth Street which I realize was not built to a to a design district standard can you have like the apartments wrapping it on three sides but a street exposure on the on the fourth side and if it is does that have to conform to a building frontage type the exposure would have to conform to the architectural standards specific to structured parking which would mean that you could not have you'd have to have an active non-parking use along the streetscape there so you can't have bays of parking along this the street you could have them on that level but they'd have to be hidden or non-exposed however you want to term it and then there would be architectural standards for the floors above also right so that building then would have to conform to a frontage type on the other three street faces correct I just want to make sure we're not driving the development community into building parking putting parking decks on the outside the apartments on the and to clarify at the street level it would have to apply a frontage type we're introducing a new building type called incidental building types to address rare instances but instances that can happen nonetheless of those primary uses that don't require large buildings that are feasible to adapt to applying a frontage or building type to it's not non-elemental building and it's you know if it's if you have an urban farm going on and you need to do a greenhouse or a shed you don't need to put a frontage type on that so the current ordinance is silent on that which is can be frustrating so we decided to tackle that and then there's other aspects to it two parks would come into play and there's some other and then we also did refine the general facade requirements one of the things we heard about the especially from the focus groups was that they were a little too prescriptive and didn't allow for innovation in terms of number of it was too prescriptive of how many bays or articulations you needed to have um entrance placements and such so we revised those to not reduce the intent of the standards but to allow for a little more innovative design so i'm kind of concerned about that because one of my criticisms of the the the way we the building frontage types have been applied especially to these big apartment buildings is is that when the building is built I look at them I can't figure out what frontage type has been applied well we're not changing the frontage it's a lot of these general facade standards apply to almost the entire facade even more above the frontage type you still have special specific design criteria applicable to a particular frontage type at the street level what a lot of these general facade requirements apply to is they do apply a bit to the frontage type itself at street level but they primarily apply to the overall facade itself above the frontage type above the frontage type street level aspect if if that was clear I mean Sarah you and I talked about this gosh a couple of years ago about the big apartment buildings like the a couple of the buildings that were built in the night street area according to the design district regulations and I guess one or two of them had facades that were that were um the the building frontage type with the you know excuse me the either the the quarter or what and some of them it was like it just didn't look like the picture and it was kind of disappointing to me are we going to still continue to have that I'm very worried about the way the way frontage types are applied to these great big buildings so to be honest I'm not a hundred percent sure I know what you're asking so I think because I didn't ask it very well can I jump in for a second one thing I didn't highlight one of the big changes we did and I and I skipped over it in this third bullet point one of the frontage types that we did change substantially with the four court and use the four court is probably what you've seen in most residential and we did change that to get away from just saying oh it could be a raised court or a lighted court or a stoop to actually say we don't care if it's raised or lower or stoop you have a specific amount of four court and you actually have to provide some amenities in that four court so now you have to actually do possibly some landscaping and seating and some some dimension and actual interaction required interaction with the streetscape entrances if it's with a dwelling unit you have to provide access into the four court so we have revised that substantial even reduce the amount of depth to the four court to pull the the main building facade itself closer to the street so that's where you see some some substantial changes so I would suggest take a look at that if you have any questions on me now look at to I think this is my last slide we've tightened up the sidewalk requirements sidewalks are important in the design districts the design districts are as you've seen in downtown and we need sidewalks and good sidewalks in downtown and they are to be applied in the compact neighborhood tiers where your future light rail and you're going to have kind of downtown light in many aspects where it's also meant to be pedestrian oriented so we've tightened up the sidewalk requirements there if it's inadequate sidewalk a lot of times you're going to have to improve that sidewalk if it's already existing as I mentioned before we've introduced new street typologies where we currently public works has a reference guide for development we've met with them and a lot of those are not terribly adequate for compact neighborhood design no gravel driveways no gravel driveways we'll take a look at the standards again and make sure but reduced travel lane lifts specified bike lanes and buffers for those bike lanes specific actual typologies number of lanes to be and where they could be applied transportation department has been thoroughly involved with this as has been bike ped even getting into some standards for intersections and such and how the bike lanes would interact with rather regular travel lanes at intersections the last two buffers and the suburban tier this is probably so street typologies and and buffers we haven't really changed much of the landscaping and buffering section we did just want to point this out add in the buffering is silent now it only references the urban tier but we now do have compact neighborhood tiers adjacent to suburban or even non-jurisdictional areas so we needed to recognize that so we added buffer language to that and I'm going to get I'm going to say one statement about future design districts in a in a second and then finally one of the other big revisions is taking look at our bike parking standards and you'll notice under in the you'll find those in the miscellaneous section again 16.6 doesn't exist you'll find this in in the miscellaneous section new short-term and long-term bike parking standards and taking a look at more detailed use applications for how much is required of each and and a total amount in a much more prescribed manner we've recognized that actually the current standards might actually provide too much bike parking in in many instances and for the wrong reason and for the wrong uses this will not be the end of the changes even if you have some concerns again if you have some concerns please let me know I'd be glad to address them even ahead of the hearing typos again but once council hopefully adopts this there's there's going to be revisions it's just the nature of the beast and also when we go forward and this was mentioned good segue from the last case when we start you know Patterson Places the first one we're going to be looking at to rezone and then they're going to be coming down the pike we're taking a look at these areas on on an individualized basis and there may be additional there might be an additional sub district or two or revisions to the current sub districts that we find would be applicable in a general sense as we take a look at what the issues are if there are issues with each new compact neighborhood tier so don't be surprised that you see some technical changes after these are approved don't be surprised that you see some changes that are associated with the rezoning of compact neighborhood tiers we've wholly anticipate both yes sir I have a specific question concerning on page two of attachment a paragraph b we talk about ground floor residential uses and this requirement about the finished floor elevation etc shall be at least 30 inches above the street grade and I can't figure out why well that's that's current text and that's just to give a little bit of additional height privacy for residential uses so you're not right on the street for for if you're walking by you typically do see ground floors of residential lifted a little bit above so you're not looking directly into people's windows sometimes you still can but it's just not as easy okay well see the thing that bothers me is this 30 inches if I'm a handicap person in a wheelchair that's a real barrier doesn't preclude handicap accessibility but how do you handle it you on there there are there are design there are ways to handle that there are ramping aspects and such that you can do it doesn't it doesn't preclude it okay I just would like to see those in here if they exist well okay we can consider thank you sure so I have I know I've been talking a lot you go ahead Madam Chair okay thank you thank you Madam Chair I just wanted to say under the items for future consideration I encourage to see that we will eventually look at item number two a fee schedule for temporary right of way closures I know that's just becoming a bigger issue for small independent downtown businesses so I was happy to see this on here obviously we want to do it the right way we want to be thoughtful about it and I but I wanted to commend that and I also wanted to get a sense of so these items for future consideration what's the timeline we don't have timelines for them right now I mean these are these are kind of like three big ticket items that were kind of identified through the this whole process that either we felt we were not adequate to address or just wasn't our our primary purview to address or if we did it would just slow things down even further you know when we took on the new street typologies that was an added thing that really slowed down the project itself but we have already started to look into it Charlotte has a program I know they're currently revising it Lisa Miller was looking into that a little bit more detail but I don't have a timeframe for that and the same thing with multimodal TIAs we're working with Go Triangle and the transportation department with those we feel that those are important to develop to recognize the aspect that all our current TIA requirements are very motor vehicle track trip generation demand focused and no or very little consideration of other modes of transportation bike or pedestrian facilities and then since I'm on the topic of timely number three public trash and recycling receptacles I know that's not exactly the sexiest topic in the world but that is actually being considered with the city they're looking to do potentially some pilot program for doing a more automated type of trash receptacle collection system we feel it's something that's going to be needed especially when you start because the current ordinance regulations require developers to put in trash and now we're actually adding in recycling containers along the streetscape well that's going to create a labor intensive aspect on the city when you have one development go into Patterson Place and you have to collect those two cans but you don't have to collect any of the other anything else else in Patterson Place because it's all already developed so that's just an aspect that that's actually currently being worked on so that that actually might be the first thing that come that you'll see you might see something in downtown and or 9th street great thank you sure commisioner Raymond thank you I just had a quick question for clarity on the park I'm sorry the parking for bicycles is there any conversation around the reduction of parking in place of the bicycles a reduction of parking in place of the parking requirements being reduced based on how many bicycle parking spaces oh so motor vehicle parking reduction yes well right now downtown doesn't require any parking it's an 80 percent and for compact neighborhood there's currently it's 80 percent of whatever the parking rate is but already in the ordinance there is a provision for you get an additional reduction for the provision of additional bike parking I know the design community did not like the old step back requirement which was a one to one ratio tell me help me understand how this new 10 foot thing works basically it's a one time step back at what height when you reach the top maximum podium so if you can go above if your height allows you to go above the maximum podium you have to step back so so for each of the sub districts we have a maximum podium level correct and then we'll have a 10 foot step back there you can make it bigger but it's got to be 10 feet at least 10 feet correct all right because I'm still instead of the wedding cake effect right I'm I'm a little worried about kind of canyonization of things and we're still we're still addressing that problem and the other thing is it and finally is help me understand the way height limitations will work in the s2 so the height limitations so let me get you to that page and I'll find it myself so that's one of the big changes thank you for bringing that up 15 and then and actually also on 18 if you look at the cd so both of those have the similar limitations so right now you have 50 foot height limitation period some of the concerns that we've heard from adjacent neighborhoods and actually particularly from the Holloway street neighborhood which I'm also working on the rezoning for that so you'll you'll see that soon too was the mass again scale of buildings at front along those neighborhoods so we recognize that there may be there's a net that there was a needed more height limitation when you're fronting along those non-design district areas and it's not the entire property but it's a certain depth back from the property and then you can scale back up yeah correct to the original height correct so in an area where the boundary between the design district and the non-design district area is not a street but is the back lot lines of of properties how will this function there it's measured from the property line I know it's measured from the property line but but it's 75 feet back okay yeah all right so you'd have that height limitation even against there so if it's along a street where the zoning line falls in the center line you don't measure it from there you still measure it from the property line because then you're saying that oh part of the street is at 75 feet and you're losing losing that impact or needed so in the cd district is there any place where I mean right now it's a 45 foot height limit for the for the whole structure wherever it is whatever the circumstances are this will drop it down to 35 feet depending upon the distance of the building from the from the non-design district correct thing how now factor in affordable housing height bonus and in that same s2 district under these circumstances you can still utilize it and and what is it it's the height bonus would be oh 15 feet you essentially can add a you can add a floor yeah and then the explain to me how step backs work do we still require a step back in s2 when the height requirements only 35 feet oh yes because the maximum podium I'm sorry when it's 45 the maximum podium is 45 feet so if you're going above it then you're going to have to do a step back in any in any provision where you're at getting additional height if you're going above the maximum podium you still need to do that 10 foot step back right very good thank you thank you and we'll do this again in a month but then you get the vote but then you get the vote on it um um we should about that the chairs so sorry else I'm sorry I'm already going to have to take this with me to keep that too the one group with that was very he did very use to man I'm telling you guys to Scott Harmon


Welcome to Toffy TV, it's the daily actor here on Patreon and we're talking about the young players, the players who are not allowed to shine anymore. Which we'll talk about in a moment. The under 18s won at the weekend 10-0, which is good. The under 23s have been doing quite well, which is good. 16 is doing very well as well. They should be. They're stealing all the players from everywhere. That's the worst thing, I don't think anyone we try to tap up actually signed for us, so that makes it even worse. Obviously Ellis Sims is doing very very well for the under 18s. He's had a couple of cameos for the under 23s, not too much. A lot of people are getting excited about him. It's one of those things where I've seen it so many times. You'd hear about a kid scoring bags of goals and the first thing you want to do is just get excited because we've got one, we've got one, we've finally got one. But what do you think about this when you see all the videos and stuff that ever and put out because they put the YouTube stuff out and all that, which is good. We sat here and watched it and it's all really great, but do you think that might just be a little bit, it's sometimes better maybe to keep these kids under the radar? I don't know because I think what you have to do is you've got it in the age we're in now. People want to see these kids. You want to see the action. You want to see them playing in the games and stuff.  Remember, people didn't let reporters in to fit, like people even reporting on the games because you weren't allowed to. So there's been a little bit of a change in that. I think from a player's point of view, it's probably better that it is all like televised and stuff and you can see the goals and things and because they get them used to seeing themselves playing and stuff. Because you've got to give these lads as much of a rounded education around football as what you can. This is what it will be like when you're on the telly. This is what it will be like when people are showing and interesting and you're getting more noticed and things like that. But from an actual perspective of the game, it's a strange one because you hear about all, you know, you always want a lad who's coming through as a goalscorer. We always want that. You know, and we want them to make the way, the pathway, right through me to do it. We basically want Michael Owen, Robbie Fowler, them kind of players who came through Liverpool's ranks, banged goals in, done it at the top level. We had Frannie Jeffers who looked brilliant, you know, and who knows what would have happened if Frannie stayed at heaven.  He had absolutely everything. And we all got excited about Mooney and we would all prove right and we wanted to get excited about other players since and we wanted to get excited about players before Wayne. So every year right every now and again, this lad will bang a lot of goals in and people will start going, oh my word, he's the real deal, get him in, you know. And I've already seen it. People going, this lad's got to be worth a chance off the bench when we're putting up with Calvert. I've seen people saying when we're putting up with Calvert Loone.  He's a kid himself who's had almost a meaty orych rise from coming from Sheffield United's youth team to playing in Evans first team. You know, when he's still learning the game himself, he's getting better and better. He's not knowing near the finished article. But then when me and you sit and watch, you know, I want to be excited about Alison. We want to sit and watch it and go, oh my word, we have got a superstar here. But we watched it. They were just laughing because I put a tweet out, I mentioned it in a minute. But we sat and watched his latest goal haul, which is great. And one of his goals was a Pail of Bull. There's no pressure on the bull. We watched that game of the under 18s against West Brom. And I wonder who I played against when I was 18. Because I never, ever, ever got any of that time or space. I had people down my throat as soon as I got the ball. I had people kicking me left right and centre. It was physical. You were always worried that, like you didn't want to do something because you worried that it was going to go off and you were going to get it out or something. Do you know what I mean? Like it was a real physical, it was a real physical battle. And I watched that video and those lads could literally do what they wanted on the best safe as possible. And it was just, it was, it was embarrassed. We've watched a couple of games here. We did one, I think the last one was 7-0 Newcastle wasn't it? And we were watching it and we were just like, what are the opposition doing? And that's not a slant, slant against our lads and them scoring goals. But I did watch it and we both said it. The standard seemed really poor. Just like it did seem really poor, didn't it? Like a real lack of physical intense and that's what, that's what sort of, that's what makes me think not to get excited. And when I was somewhat of a tweet before, I was, I actually put a tweet saying that, you know, let's not all get excited about LSMs. I've seen, I've seen it loads of times and he actually liked the tweet. But I didn't at a minute, that was the worst thing.  But I didn't at a minute. But that, but I wasn't being like, I wasn't being. You weren't saying it. I saw that.  You were just saying, stop getting carried away, let him just. Measure the expectations of, let him develop himself. Let him down all stack. Cos that's the worst thing when you've got a kid that is there. And there's a talk about him and it's that. And you get, listen, it's not too bad at the moment cos we're doing alright. But if we weren't doing okay, that's when there's that desperation. We've seen, you know, seen it last, sort of late last season and earlier this season will phrase a homey.


Yeah, thank you very much, Dr. Bilal, for nice introduction. Actually, I'm enjoying as a cardiologist to be inside the department of anesthesiology. I'm learning anesthesiology. I hopefully I will not forget the cardiology. So I'll just go with this. Okay, so you have the first slide? Yeah, yeah. Yes, okay. So my lecture will be about type two aortic regurgitation for laps of tricuspid aortic valve in a normal aortic route. The case number one is a 66 year old man with diagnosis of severe MR and AR referred to our center for mitral and aortic valve repair. So this is the first view. You can see the patient has flail anterior mitral leaflet and when I put the color here, you see the severe MR and at the same time, you see the severe AR as well. So this patient has a double valve disease. This AR is very eccentric and is hitting the mitral valve. Again, in this long axis view, you can see the severe eccentric posterior directed jet of AR that is hitting the mitral valve. So in this view without color, you can see the prolapse of the right chronic cast and I will talk about the criteria to diagnose the prolapse. And this view again, you can see the prolapse of the right chronic cast down here and you can see the eccentric posterior directed MR, AI. So the direction of the AR jet will help you to diagnose the prolapse which leaflet is. Here for example, you see posterior directed AR, it shows that the prolapse is mainly in right chronic cast. Also, it might have, if you have a two leaflet prolapse, you might have even central AR or multiple jets of AR. This is short axis view of this patient. You see the aortic valve is tightly flipped, right chronic cast is at the bottom and the non chronic cast will decide the interlectoral septum and other one is the left chronic cast. And as you see here, you see the right chronic cast is developing like a double shadow appearance. And here you see the double shadow and that's a hallmark of the prolapse of the aortic valve. We described it many, many years back, like 25 years back ago, we knew it from here, but we didn't publish it and somebody else published it again. So when you see the valve, you see the valve is redundant and has an extra tissue. And again, it's like a mitral valve when we have a prolapse, you have extra tissue here, we have extra tissue as well. In this view, you don't see the AI. I just put this view just to show our people that sometimes when your probe is a little bit high, you might not see the AI at all in short axis. So it doesn't mean that there's no AI. If you go to probe down like a, maybe a half a centimeter, you will see the AI better. So some measurement, when we have a aortic valve and aortic root problem, we do aortic analyst measurement. We measure the science of Valsalva, STJ and tubular aorta. And if you want to go based on the recommendation of the guidelines and including the recent guideline, aortic analyst always should be measured at the mid-systole. Aortic valve should be open like this. And the problem is sometimes you have a sigmoid septum. You might not be able to measure this, especially in transtersic, but in TE you can see it very well. So aortic analyst in this patient was 2.4, so it's normal. 2.2 to 2.8 is in normal range. Science of Valsalva we measured in diastole. So science of Valsalva in this patient is 3.8. Again, it's in normal range. You take up to 3.9 or even 4 centimeter as a normal in a good size person. So this is a normal science of Valsalva. And silent to the junction, again you measure it in diastole. There's one important trick here that is in the guideline, but we don't obey it very well in the war. Where we should measure? Leading edge to leading edge or inner edge to inner edge. Usually inner edge to inner edge is easy for us in the war. We want to do quickly, but if you want to go guideline should be leading edge to leading edge. It means the anterior aortic wall or sinus is included in the measurement. So this leading to leading is applied for all aortic measurement. That's a way that we used to measure in transtersic and we used to measure in TE in the eco lab and that's the recommended one. Because you want to compare this measurement later with post-op of the patient. So leading to leading, but if you do it inner to inner, difference probably will be only two millimeter. It's not a big difference. So in this patient, all the root measurement, they are in normal limit, but this is severe for laps of the right corner cast. Again, this slide was shown a couple of times in today by two previous speakers. And this was described by Dr. El-Houri and I visited him many times in Brussels. So he was here in 95 when I was fellow for six months. Anyway, this is his classification for cause of the AR and mechanism of the AR and how we should repair it. So it's a repair oriented classification. This is a base for many of our lecture today. So type one is a one A, one B, one C that was covered by Anet and Azad and one D. And my part will be type two or cast prolapse. This is very similar to recommendation about or to classification about the mitral valve by Carpentier, that he was the fellow of the Carpentier himself. So he took it from Carpentier classification of the mitral valve and he applied the same way to the aortic valve. And this is a different technique of the repair that we are going to talk about this a little bit later. So our patient fit in this one type two that is the cast prolapse, but normal aortic root. So aortic root is normal, except if the patient has a long standing AI gradually and a loose and so on, so we might dilate a little bit but initial disease is not in the root. Initial disease is a prolapse of the valve. And we are going to talk about that. What is the cause of the prolapse? Is similar to prolapse of the mitral valve? Probably not. So how we make a diagnosis of the aortic valve, aortic leaflet prolapse is not as easy as mitral valve. So for many years ago, for mitral valve, we developed the main diagram that is still is using in many guidelines for mitral valve but for aortic valve, we worked in that time and now we are working as well. So to create some robust criteria to diagnose the aortic valve prolapse. The one that we knew from the past is double line appearance. So anytime it's a double line appearance of the cast that cast has a prolapse. And in this patient, in our patient, you see the right one has a double line appearance. The none has a little bit as well and even left has a little bit. But the main pathology is in the right cast. So by our experience and many published data, right cast is the most common one that will prolapse. And after right cast is the non-cast and left cast rarely will prolapse, rarely. And we don't know the pathology. When I asked David a couple of days ago, he said, I don't know why the right has more prolapse and the two other cast are not prolapsing. Because if we say, because the flow in the LV to the aorta is more from the right side is not correct. The flow from the LV to the aorta is more from the area of the non-coronavirus. But for some reason, the right coronavirus will prolapse more than other one. When we open the valve, you can see the valve is redundant. You see there's lots of extra tissue. And again, during the closing, you can see the double line. So double line right coronavirus, double line non and a little bit left as well. So it's a three leaflet prolapse that is not common and is very difficult to repair. So what we learned from surgeons. Actually, I myself as a person that I'm in the OR now for almost 35 years, I learned almost everything about the echo of the valves from the OR, not from the echo lab. Because that's the best place to learn. You make a diagnosis and the surgeon will open and I will tell you is right or not. So what we learned about the diagnosis of the aortic valve or aortic leaflet prolapse from the surgeons. This is Dr. Schaefer from Hamburg and he is the main person that developed lots of things about the aortic root dimension and measurement. And especially cardiologist from Paris Montessori Hospital and that is my friend, Dr. Alan Berreby. He developed this diagram and this diagram now is in the recent wide line. Anyway, for measurement of the prolapse, Dr. Schaefer suggested that we can measure the effective height of the leaflet, effective height. And he developed this caliper. So this caliper is a way that he put this part of the caliper to the leaflet and measure from here the tip of the leaflet to the base of the leaflet. If we draw a line here, this will be like our virtual aortic analyst. So from virtual aortic analyst to the tip of the leaflet, that's the effective height. This effective height as Azad was saying should be more than nine millimeter in normal people. Anytime this effective height that's easy for us to measure in the eco lab as well in the during the TEE came below the line that leaflet has a prolapse. Maybe it's not severe but has a prolapse. But when the this tip came below this ambulance that we got negative effective height. That is severe prolapse like the case that I showed you. So all the root measurement, all the root measurement they are in diastole except analyst that should be insistent. So analysts measure insistently the rest is on diastole and these are the number. The co-optation height or co-optation length normally should be above four millimeter. That's a co-optation height or lengths but effective height from analyst to the tip should be about a nine millimeter or eight to 10 millimeter. There is another important thing again we learned from the surgeon is the geometric leaflet height. So the geometric leaflet height is actual height of the entire leaflet that normally is about 16 to 22 millimeter geometric effective height geometric height of the leaflet is for example in this diagram is from here to here. This one is very easy by surgeon to measure by a ruler in the OR for us by echo is not always easy because this is a curved measurement. Some echo machine they don't have a curved measurement they have a straight measurement. So but like a pick machine Phillips has the curve measurement. So if you measure from the tip to the base of the leaflet that is geometric height. If you ask me what's the role of this? It is very important because if the patient leaflet decrease the geometric height that leaflet by definition is retracted. So it's a retraction. At the retraction is the most important criteria against the valve to be referable because when you don't have enough tissue in the leaflet less than 16 millimeter in tri-leaflet valve and less than 19 millimeter or 20 millimeter in biker's bed valve. When you don't have enough tissue you cannot repair that valve. There's no enough material. So geometric height of the leaflet is very important. If I'm gonna give you an example one will decrease is the robotic disease. So in robotic disease your leaflet is retracted is a short is shrunk and you cannot use it for repair. So again, I use that surgical criteria here. So this is easy one because if I stop here and measure the effective height you see effective height become negative because the tip of the right to the casp is below this line. This is our virtual aortic analyst. So this is negative. So this is a severe pull out. But if I go to this casp that's a non-query casp the tip is about two, three millimeters. So this one has a pull out as well. So in this patient the right corner casp has severe pull out is below the line and the non-query casp has a pull out is two to three millimeter above the line. If you ask me what about left corner casps? First of all, I will answer you. Thanks to God, the left corner casp does not pull out too much. But if you wanna measure it is difficult by 2DT is difficult because here this casp can be none can be left but we cannot have both of them at the same time. But we can do by 3D NPR and we can see each lifted one by one and measure this height. So that one need a little post processing maybe in the OR is not easy to do it always. But as I said, these two are collapsing more and we can easily measure it by this height in the OR. Direction of the OR as I said is helping us as well. If the direction is towards the posterior it means the pull out is more in anterior or more in right corner casp. So all diagnosis was severe pull out of the right corner casp, moderate pull out of the non-query casp and maybe left corner casp pull out because of that double shadow and all of this finding was confirmed by Dr. David in the OR. And he repaired the right corner casp by Gore-Tex reinforcement of the free margin of the leaflet. He repaired the non-query casp as well the same way but when he was trying to repair the left corner casp he saw some fenestration there and beside because of the age of the patient that was like a 68, 69, he said, okay, if I repair this valve the chance of the recurrence will be high. And if I put just the bioprosy valve it works very well as he believed that any Hancock valve that you put after the age of the 60 that patient will not come back again for re-operation. It works more than 20, 30 years. So in this valve he didn't push himself, he replaced it also he repaired at the beginning at the end he decided to replace it and he put the Hancock valve. The case number two is a polyapsodium bicuspid aortic valve that is a little bit more difficult again with normal route. So 50 year old man usually bicuspid they are a little bit younger with known diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve and severe AR was referred to our center again for aortic valve spading operation. This is a bicuspid aortic valve as you see the RAFE is here. So there's a fusion of the right casp and the left casp. This is the most common form of bicuspid aortic valve. So right casp and the left casp and RAFE is between and this casp that is non-coronavirus casp was always better to be called non-fused casp. This one is a fused casp. So fused casp is right and the left and non-fused one is the other casp. So here when you see again you see the double shadow of the right casp right part and you see a little bit double shadow of the left as well. So we can say the conjoined casp or fused casp has a prolapse of the right part especially and a little bit left part but the other one does not have prolapse. So this is the pathology and the mechanism is again the prolapse and you can see the patient has a severe AR. I'm not going to talk about the grading of the MR already, Annette covered that. So this patient has severe AR and the reason, so mechanism of the AR. So again based on these two terms ideology and mechanism. The ideology is bicuspid aortic valve mechanism is prolapse. So prolapse of the right casp and prolapse of the non-coronavirus casp and AI again is posterior directed shows that the right component of the conjoined casp has more prolapse than the left. So AI went to the posterior directed again some measurement the annulus is 30. So bicuspid aortic valve annulus never is a normal is a little bit high normal or upper limit normal. So 30 and the sinusoidal salva is 3.9 is still in normal range and the tubular aorta is 4.2. This type of dilatation we see it always in bicuspid and all bicuspid aortic valve. So is the prolapse I already showed by echo but again, so double line and double line that's a sign echo sign. I can say echo sign of the prolapse. It applies to trial if it and the bio leaflet as well. What about surgical criteria? Again, we go back to the surgeons. I'm very close to the surgeon more than the cardiologist. So this is a professor Severs from Germany and he classified the bicuspid aortic valve in 304 patient and he classified as a type zero type one type two. This is the type zero it means zero raffae no raffae. So type zero no raffae. This is only 7% of all bicuspid aortic valve. This is called true bicuspid. Two commissure, two cusp, no raffae. So this is a type zero and this is a type one. Type one means one raffae and most of the time is between right and the left. This is surgical view. So surgeon is standing here. This is the most common one 88% of the time. So it's a type one with one raffae and this is type two with two raffae. So one raffae is here between right and the left. And one again, this is surgical view. Surgeon is standing here, right and the left and another raffae is between right and the none. And this is the only commissure. So this valve is two raffae. You can call it bicuspid aortic valve with two raffae or many as Severs called it but many surgeons believe that this is separate entity and we should just call it unicommissural aortic valve or unicuspid aortic valve because we have only one commissure. So it doesn't matter how you classify it. You can say type two Severs classification or just unicuspid, unicommissural aortic valve. This is the example of one of these unicommissural aortic valve. You see it's only one commissure, one commissure here and one cast. And this is MRI of that. So how common is this disease? We saw at the beginning this is not the very common adult. Yeah, we see it in pediatric a lot but in adult this form that has one commissure we see it many times but there's another form we call it unicommissural unicuspid a commissural, no commissure. That one does not come to the adult. Most of the time they will develop severe AS in infancy but the one that has one commissure will come to the adult. Also is like a two in 10,000 general population but if you look at the aortic valve replacement patient the patient that they will come for aortic valve replacement it will consist about four to 6% of all patient that they are going for aortic valve replacement that's a unicommissural aortic valve. What's the importance of this? Most of the time this unicommissural aortic valve is associated with AC in aortic dilation and some of them they come with aortic dissection. What about the repair of my cuspid aortic valve? Again, we owe a lot to three main scholars in Europe, Professor Schaefer and Victor Alchoury himself and Victor Lanzek from Paris and this serious school of my cuspid aortic valve all of them are in Europe because aortic valve repair is not part of the guideline in North America but it is plus one indication in Europe if the valve is repairable in AI we should repair it that is most of this is developed in Europe. Schaefer is emphasizing a lot on this angle the commissural angle. So this commissure and this commissure what is this angle? This angle in ideally when you have a pure or true by cuspid valve this angle is 180 degree but if you have a very severe one maybe even less than 120. So 180 or close to 180 is very good. That's a commissure angle and we can do the same measurement by echo as well. Like this case, we see this commissure angle is about 180 this is one of the example of the true by cuspid aortic valve. This is the like of our patient. It is like 160, 180 this is like our patient. This is a little bit even smaller angle and this is very small angle. This is like a tri-lifflat valve. So looks like that we think, oh, this is very similar to tri-lifflat valve. So maybe this is better for repair but in reality it is not. The one that is very close to tri-lifflat valve is most difficult by cuspid aortic valve to be repaired. So again, back to our patient. If we use that criteria we put the annulus line and measure these two leaflet the leaflet down is the right corner cusp part of the fused cusp. You see this is like a three, four millimeter. So this one has a power lapse. This one is okay. So the non-fused cusp is okay and the right cusp has a power lapse. This is the case most of the time in by cuspid aortic valve AI. The non-fused cusp does not have a power lapse. If that one has a power lapse it's very difficult to repair. So the angle we measured in our patient is this angle. So this is the commissure. Be careful. You have to close it in a, you have to measure it in a close position of the valve. It means in dice to it, not in cuspid, okay? So you freeze the image.  And this angle can be measured by our echo machine is there and you can measure it. So 150 to 160 is not bad. So in summary for this case our finding was this was it by cuspid aortic valve CVS type one right left infusion and type two Elchori classification and severe power lapse of the right cusp and a little bit left cusp as well in the fused cusp. No sign of frustration and commissure angle 150 to 160 and anulus of 30. These two criteria are not in favor of repairability. So anytime angle is more than 160 is very good. So this is a little bit difficult. Every was more than 30 is about more than 28 is a bad sign and we have to reduce it. Surgeon saw everything that we saw and he repaired it. You see? So very nice repair he made the valve like a true by cuspid with 180 degree. And you see it is no AI at all. It's a little bit turbulence but it's a good co-optation height and good effective height.  So it's a very good repair. And if you see it, annulus he decreased the annulus to 2.5. That's good. So we should decrease the annulus to below 2.5. So there's no AI at all and no gradient. And I followed this patient. There's no AI. This was a couple of months ago. So in terms of the technique of the repair, again, I just go a couple of a slide only. I don't know how is the time. AI is about 13% of all valve of heart disease by European survey. So there are a big number of the patient and ideology as we discussed it in by al-khuri classifications type one, type two and type three. That's a romantic. And so this al-khuri classification shows the technique of the repair. We might do sub-commissioner alloplasty. We might do STJ remodeling, different technique. And I just go quickly. This is a two main way of aortic valve repair with replacement of the root. One was described by Yacoub in 1993 but he described that first in 1987 and one by Tyrone David. So David operation and Yacoub operation. And again, in the tea, we can say all of this measurement pretty up. And this diagram was shown a couple of times before. I'm not describing again. It's the way that the surgeon is measuring the height, effective height. And this is a way that the surgeon is measuring geometric height by a ruler. So post procedure always we check the degree of the AI, effective height, the co-optation height. And there's lots of very good paper if somebody wants to read it, especially this one. A state of the art by Caspid Aortic Valve Repair in 2020. And it's written by three main surgeon in the Europe. Lancet, I visited him as well from Paris. Al-khuri, the person that did the classification. And Schaefer from Hamburg. And this all diagram from them. So in summary, Aortic Valve Repair is a class one indication, level C for the surgical treatment of Aortic Regurgitation based on 2017 ESC guideline. But as I said, it did not come to the guideline of American so far. Interoperative TE plays a major role to define the mechanism of the AR, provide information to guide the repair, interrogate the result and determine the predictors of the durability. The Aortic Valve Repair is feasible in almost all patients. They say 90 times, 90% of patients is either by Aortic Valve in the absence of the valve retraction. The only time that we can repair is the valve retraction. What does mean the valve retraction? The geometric height less than 20 by Caspid and less than 16 in Tricuspid. And the main cause of retraction is the rheumatic disease or old age calcification sometimes. Currently repair is not recommended for patients with a pure type three, that's a refracted, the target leaflet, AR mechanism except in selected patient we are all in a pediatric or in an adult source. So thank you very much. Thank you Dr. Omran for another world class presentation which basically crowns the session and we've had, I'd like to congratulate all three speakers done on a wonderful session and I'll open the floor to questions. You can either post or... I'll ask my question by voice. Thank you Dr. Omran, that was a wonderful presentation. You mentioned the measurements being leading edge to leading edge versus inner edge to inner edge. And my understanding was that historically the leading edge to leading edge measurement was done because it's the most consistent measurement and you have the best definition on the image. So if you're tracking patients over time to see if they're reaching certain criteria for intervention, that's the most consistent way to make measurements but that if you're interested in actual morphologic accuracy for sizing a surgical prosthesis, for example, then the inner edge to inner edge is probably more accurate. Is that a correct statement? Yes, yeah. So for aortic analyst that we use it for valve size is inner to inner, as I was showing. But the leading to leading is recommended for scientists of Valsalva, STJ and the ACE in the ortho and as you said, the reason is leading to leading was there for many, many years in transtersic echo. And because we want to follow these people later again with transtersic echo, leading to leading is recommended. So the only time that inner to inner is recommended is for analyst. That's the size of the valve that we give it to the surgeon. Yeah, that's correct.


I'll filibuster along and when the moment comes I'll say this as a person who has Tried to manage things in academic settings and in the business and in government in various departments Sometimes you hear people say That after all it's just dealing with people wherever you are. So management is management. I Think that's baloney Just not true Managing in these different settings and I'll confine myself the government business is quite different and I think that Anyone who works in both sees that and it's important to recognize the differences and why they are what they are I Illustrated the differences in an apocryphal way flip way, which does have a certain truth to it. I Used to get asked when I was out in Sanford Let me officially say thank you very much for coming and introduce the Honorable Edwin Mies the third who's the Attorney General of the United States. Thank you very much Well, I'm very pleased to be here today As some of you may have seen yesterday in the paper My last public appearance was in front of what was described as a semi drape statue receiving the report of the Pornography Commission I want you to know that statue the Department of Justice had was fully clothed prior to Graham Rudman Hollings I Do appreciate this opportunity to be here and to see the both the executive Revitalizing the thinking of the different departments in the government and so we are very pleased to be supportive of this activity over the years in Talking in the informal seminars that we've had It's been very Reassuring to me to get the kinds of questions that are being asked In the discussions that we've had and I know those same kinds of questions by what has been an American tradition Since the days when de Tocqueville wrote about America and that is neighbors helping neighbors people helping each other And that's of course what the private sector initiatives is all about We're interested and the president will be announcing it I think today that there will be soon an international conference on private. No, all right you see It's kind of it's kind of like it's kind of like in the prize fights, you know, they have the warm-up and the semi warm-up Well, well he will be here in a moment. Let me just say a couple of other things One is revitalizing and continuing the sustained growth of the economy and the second is to protect and preserve our national security These are the two objectives the president campaigned on in 1980 and in which he has been consistently providing leadership up to the present time Well, ladies and gentlemen, I understand the president is with us and so at this time may introduce the Outstanding champion of the private sector initiatives and of the exchange of executives the president of the United States Well, thank you. It's a pleasure to be here with you When our administration took place office in 1981 As I think you've probably been told one of our highest priorities was to build America's faith In itself and to make the vision of a shining city upon a hill reality but words and Vision are not enough to bring about that reality as performance and commitment that count an Example of the outstanding performance and commitment is the president's commission on executive exchange And I know that some of you have already completed your years assignment in key positions in the government. So first and foremost thank you and For the executives still serving here. I value your continued contributions This program was established with the idea of making this one of the most personally and professionally rewarding years of your life and While you've been expanding your understanding and skills the government has been benefiting from your talents and your perspectives Immense improvements in the quality and ability of the participating executives are the direct result of more responsible assignments Made available to the commission by cabinet members and agency heads The effect has been electric The commission executive while assigned as director of the Olympic coin program at the Treasury Department Was responsible for raising seventy four million dollars Which was turned over to the US Olympic Committee That's why we're so in debt. We're so generous No, I'm only teasing that one Presidential exchange executives participating in the overseas program in Japan and Jamaica have received outstanding commendations from our ambassadors for the contributions that they have made with us today is Foster Cathcart from Dupont who was a regional economic officer helping develop the private sector in Jamaica as part of the Caribbean Basin initiative and Also in attendance today is Jack Hall from Johnson and Johnson who was responsible for implementing the grace commission recommendations Jack presented the final report to me in the cabinet last fall upon completion of a successful assignment in cabinet affairs Now all of you have done a terrific job There's a story incidentally about a fellow who had a job to do you knew I'd have a story some place along the line This young man named Elmer had been supplying the local restaurants with fish And no one could figure out exactly how he was able to come up with so many and so many big ones And then someone asked the sheriff who happened to be Elmer's cousin to investigate He asked Elmer if he could go fishing with him and early the next morning Sheriff and Elmer rode out to the middle of the lake Elmer took a stick of dynamite out of the tackle box Let it through it overboard It exploded and up came the fish Sheriff looked at his cousin and said Elmer. Do you know you just committed a felony? The Elmer didn't say a word. He just reached in the tax box got another stick of dynamite Let it handed it to the sheriff and said did you come out here to talk or to fish? Seriously though is You go through this year. We want all your insights and ideas When you leave we expect both you and the government will be better off for the time that you spent here And a special word for those of you in government service who are off for a year in the private sector I personally think that we've got some of the most talented Executives in this country working for the federal government With politics public scrutiny and regulated work rules you labor under handicaps beyond the imagination of your counterparts in industry Yet even with those frustrations you managed to get the job done We're grateful for the service that you render and remember we want you back Don't get too comfortable out there in the private sector private industry Last week we celebrated the 4th of July. I hope all of you enjoyed it as much as Nancy and I did One thing that was clear during the festivities is that unlike other countries Here in the United States. There's not a gulf between government and the people This is as Lincoln so eloquently pointed out a government of the people by the people and for the people The executive exchange program is just one of the many examples of the open nature of American government Part of that includes something we call private sector initiatives as a result of the tremendous success that We have enjoyed with this uniquely American concept. There's been a great interest expressed by other countries in implementing similar programs You'd be surprised how many times after a kind of a rough beginning in the Economic summit with the other six heads of state that make up the seven in that that I Now go to one of them and every once in a while I'm button-holded by someone that once an explanation of how we did this or that and it's just been wonderful To tell them about the private sector It's a matter of fact at a dinner I won't name the country to embarrass them, but at a dinner in the White House one night I had ambassador's wife as a dinner partner And I was telling about something that was going on in our country in the private sector and what it was doing And she listened very quietly and then says yes, but that's here. She said you're unique And I said well, I said what what do you mean? She says in your country? Yes But she says nowhere else. She said every place else. They just leave it to the government to do and As I say, I won't tell on her, but I have remembered that and it's something I Know that all of you were dedicated to keeping alive. We are unique Maybe we can pretty soon get the rest of them to kind of follow suit and they'll all be better off but I'm pleased to announce an international conference on private sector initiatives And it is hosted by my board of advisors on private sector initiatives and it will take place in Paris this fall We're proud of America's success as I said in fostering and promoting charitable giving Voluntarism public-private partnerships and corporate responsibility Through this international conference, we'll be able to share our insights and experiences with our friends overseas I want to thank David currents for accepting the chairmanship of the commission And thanks to your executive director June Walker For the tremendous job she's been doing to make this program a success And I also want to express my appreciation To the distinguished members of the commission The staff and the private corporations who are supporting this effort That's commission is public private partnership at its best So good luck to all of you God bless all of you


Asectogores, do you have this strong intuitive feeling that someone likes you, but they never make a move or flirt with you? Perhaps they're even a bit quiet around you too, but you still sense something is going on. Your theory? They have a crush on you, but they're a bit shy. Many people can get extremely shy when they're around someone they're attracted to. So how can you tell if someone is shy around you but they like you? Well, here are six signs they're interested in you, but they're shy. Number one, they're very nervous, only around you. Who isn't nervous around their crush? Some people are great at hiding it, while some start nervously sweating as soon as they interact with someone they really like. Their stomach is full of butterflies and they can't seem to look you fully in the eye, but want to so badly. If you notice your crush has clammy hands, is blushing, or is exhibiting other nervous behavior, all while welcoming you with a smile, then this could be a sign that they like you. They're just a bit shy. Number two, their friends hint that they like you and they joke with them about it. Are their friends often around them? Do you hear them crank up the jokes and private giggles when they're suddenly around you? You have a feeling they're whispering about you. Why?  If someone as shy and hasn't made the move, they've likely told their friends about the crush and in turn their friends may tease them about it, even in your presence. If they're throwing playful hints at you that their dear friend has a crush on you, it's likely true, especially if they exhibit more of these signs. Number three, they're a bit awkward and trip over their words only around you. Around their friends, they're chill and charismatic. Around strangers, calm and collected. But around you, the awkward silences are inevitable and they're tripping over their words as if they're running from a stampede of emotions. You notice they stammer or act a bit more awkward around you. It could be that they really like you or are just pretty shy around people they find attractive. Number four, during conversations, you have their full focus. When you're talking to them, despite them tripping over their words, how are they? Do they give you their full focus? Attention undivided? Are they actively listening and giving you good eye contact? Or at least trying. Hey, they're pretty nervous. Well, if you notice their attention is particularly with you, then it's likely they want to listen and get to know you better. They're also giving the person they like the respect they deserve. Who doesn't love a respectful and engaging conversation? If they're a great listener only with you, there's a good chance they like you romantically. Number five, they look at you from afar, then turn away quickly in embarrassment. Have you caught them staring at you? Only to quickly turn away with a blush and look of embarrassment? This is a common sign that someone likes you. Making good eye contact from afar to a stranger can be a way of flirting with them. But people often do this unintentionally as well. If they do it, it's likely they want to talk to you, but are a bit shy and unsure of how to approach you. Perhaps if you like them back, you can approach them. And number six, they don't turn down a chance to be around you and are very kind. When you do invite them out or suddenly have some time alone together, are they always there? Do they love to spend time with you? Do they treat you with kindness and respect too? If someone often jumps at the chance to be alone with you and don't often turn down your invites, it's a sign they like you. They could be friendly, but if you notice they also seize any opportunity to be by your side, it's likely they're interested in being more than just friends.  They really, really like you. They're just a little shy. So, do you think someone likes you? Do you think they're shy? Feel free to let us know in the comments down below. If you enjoyed this video, don't forget to click the like button and share it with a true friend or crush. Don't be shy. Feel free to share your feelings about them too. You never know. This video could be a good, flirty icebreaker. Unless you tread flirting. Oh boy, sweaty palms, sweaty palms. Subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell icon for more content like this. And as always, thanks for watching.