We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These words from the Declaration of Independence are familiar to many of us, and yet it took 143 years for women to get the right to vote and 189 years for black people to get the right to vote. And still today, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are still only words for many people. Here in Boston, life expectancy varies by 30 years depending on where you live. In Roxbury, with many poor and black people, life expectancy is 59 years. In the back bay, wealthy and mostly white life expectancy is 91 years. It's tough to have liberty when you are in prison. The United States incarcerates 716 people for every 100,000 people. Our rate of incarceration is more than five times higher than most countries in the world. Millions of people in our country don't have health care, a decent job, good education, a home they can afford, and that makes it pretty hard to pursue happiness.  People today who are making the words of the Declaration of Independence come true. Welcome. My name is Michael Jacoby Brown, and I'm your host where we hold these truths. Today, we're very lucky to have Peter Gilman Shapiro, author of a terrific book, The Good Landlord. Peter is himself a small landlord, and Peter, can you tell us a little bit about your background and how you became a relatively small landlord? Well, thanks for inviting me in. Sure. It's great to have you. Yeah, I was among many small landlords who didn't think they were going to become small landlords, and I did my traditional work for a year, schooling and work, and when my dad offered a little bit of money to me in the late 80s, I ended up buying a three-family. I could have bought a one-family. I wasn't really thinking about rental housing. You were here in Boston, right? In Jamaica Plain. It's a section of Boston where I've been living for some years, and my dad got interested. He said, hey, why don't we try investing? It wasn't a thought in my mind, and then I ended up buying three triple-deckers. I bought an old lodging house, and I had the benefit of a great broker, and really made it happen over a number of years, and that's how I unexpectedly became a small landlord. Many people, actually including myself, I'm a very small landlord, a teeny tiny landlord. I own one building, one apartment where I used to live, but many people end up becoming small landlords find it kind of challenging to manage their building. Stuff goes wrong, they don't know who to call. Can you explain what it's like in more detail? Right. It's a funny thing, because we're talking about small landlords, and later on, I will distinguish what I call small landlords from larger owners. But for many small landlords, the term people often use is accidental. They backed into the business. It might have been because some guy or woman is good at plumbing or electrical, and a building that needed a whole lot of work, the owner said, here it is, a tender loving care special, TLC special. The person bought it because they knew how to fix. Or your family owned a building that you inherited, a number of you as family members, and one of you ends up taking responsibility for it. For so many owners, it became something they never expected to do and never prepared themselves to do, which we'll discuss what are the challenges of being a landlord, which I should say more about. You were saying how small landlords also like yourself, how are they different from the big landlords?  Being a landlord, particularly one who does most of the work themselves, isn't what it's cracked up to be. It is not often an easy sit on your duff waiting for the cash to come in kind of business. In fact, it can be darn difficult. I have been a landlord since 1990, and I could not count on 10 hands a number of times that after 12 midnight, I get a call from a tenant who's either locked out or some water has leaked into their basement or bathroom or whatever. There's the ongoing repair issues. There is everybody in the world who comes through your buildings, who have all the ills and joys of life coming through. They could be dealing drugs, they could be running their businesses, they could be having parties, they could just be doing their daily life of cooking and doing their private stuff. It's just a very challenging day-to-day responsibility as a landlord to keep your building maintained, keep the peace, collect the rent. These are people that you know. They're not like big landlords who have tons of buildings and probably don't even know their tenants, right? Yes, which is one of the features we'll talk about here. Small landlords could be up to nine units, so you may have bought your own one family and then you bought another three family, you moved out of town maybe, but you still have your two three families or you live local to your three families. So it's very a personal and relational kind of business. I happened to work for the city of Boston as the city's housing mediator. I spent all day talking to landlords and tenants about their daily lives and keeping their business buildings going. For so many of these landlords, they have ongoing connections with their tenants who go to their jobs and come home and play with their kids and fix their cars up in the driveways and everything about their lives is known to the landlord. So you develop these very personal relationships and that affects your business relationship. Sure. No, I get it. And how can you say small landlords, then there are lots of them, including me. I own one apartment in Jamaica Plain where I used to live. They can play an important role you're saying in maintaining safe and affordable housing, something that we really need, especially in Boston where rents are going so much up so high. Can you explain how small landlords can play a role in that in maintaining safe and affordable housing? Right. Landlords often, because they're small and they know their tenants, want to do the right thing and keep people housed. They also are very distinct from the larger owners. And a couple of examples are they often do their own work as much as they can. Many of them who are lower moderate income may not have a whole lot of money to invest in their buildings and improve them and therefore be able to get higher rents.  But we're talking about a class of small owners who end up caring to keep their buildings going. It's a source of income for them. They don't need to gentrify these buildings. So they do their own repairs. They get to know their tenants. They know their tenants are not made of money. So they don't need to jack up the rents if the tenant landlord situation is stable. And then when tenants fall under and they become vulnerable to eviction, many of these owners, it's not the first thing in their mind that they're going to kick these tenants out. In fact, they really spend their time trying to kick these tenants from being evicted. So they are very much more flexible in eviction cases and all that. Yeah. I think you said a small landlord's because they have personal relationships with their tenants. They're not just a number. They also often, I think you said, I feel a moral responsibility not to get every last dollar out of the building. Maybe you can tell me some stories or what your experience has been like, because I know you've been a small landlord for a number of years. And what's it been like for you or others that you've talked to, other small landlords? Yeah. Well, I mean, I recently took some Ecuadorian Americans into this lodging house I own. I took two families in and it was interesting because they didn't have a lot of money, did not have checking accounts, credit cards, a friend of mine who had been working with them to help them with access services connected them to me. And the first beat for them was, let me help you out. We can mow, we can do carpentry, we can help you deal with keeping the trash going for... That's the first thing they said? They said to me, I'm not just here to be by myself and pay the rent and not have any contact with you. Let me be part of the community. Really? And it made me so welcoming to them and it made me want to keep the rents reasonable. So when we thought about the rents, it was a very hard thing to try to think about a maximum rent because they had been so forthcoming. It's funny because all of it goes through Google translator. They don't speak a word of English so we always laugh because we have many... Our body language tells more than our words because they... And we're often on the phone with my friend doing the translating because they have questions about how to do some repairs. They've done some roof work. Really? Yeah. They've done some fencing work. They keep the trash area clean because many of the other tenants may not care to keep the place looking nice so the curb appeal is something people care about. So you feel an obligation with them? I feel responsible. And I'm not speaking just for myself because I spend all day talking to landlords. They say, this is a woman who I knew when I grew up and when she asked me for housing, I knew she wanted to stay in the neighborhood. So, of course, I wanted to give her a place to live in. This is some other small landlord talking. For example, I know her because I've been in her house and she has been very helpful to this owner, to this tenant, I'm sorry, who ended up having two kids and had some work going on that ended and then she wasn't able to pay her rent in a timely fashion. This landlord lowered her rent a certain amount to make it affordable. She was flexible to the tenant. She got her the tenant's parents involved who helped out because she knew the family. That's not an unusual story. And those are stories that we frequently don't hear. We do not hear. Those are unheard stories. We hear the bad stories about landlords, the victim people. Yes. And there are those stories. There are different kinds of small landlords. And we know how incredibly difficult it can be if a tenant does not have habitable, affordable housing. So because of that, when you talk about the morality, for so many owners, they put their tenants first because they know the value the housing provides and people need affordable housing. Although you're not saying that all small landlords have the morals and personal relationships that you were describing with the Ecuadorian family or this friend colleague of yours. Yes. No, I spend some, don't. There are, and we hear too much about that and there is a sizable proportion of these small buildings are being bought out by investors who have very little interest in the community and the concerns of their immediate tenants and looking at it from a profit lens. What you're saying is it's a complex story. It's not all bad. It's not all good. But if, as you say, Peter, that small landlords can play those that do have the personal relationships and the moral responsibility that some do, some small landlords do, what can government or the public or other people do to foster that and help those small landlords that do have those personal relationships that do have that moral responsibility? What can the government or public policy do to support those small landlords in maintaining the safe and affordable housing that some small landlords are, as you say, really maintaining? It's a really good question because almost half of our residential housing units in this country are owned by small owners. If you call a small owner somebody who owns fewer than nine units. Half of the rental housing is owned by we don't realize how large a population of buildings are in our small buildings owned by small owners who are not corporations, many of whom, particularly in inner cities, maintain these stable relationships with their tenants. So because of that, that's why public policy really can be extremely, can help us preserve affordable housing and prevent homelessness for tenants. Most, virtually all, small landlords don't have the same things that large owners have. So I'm going to say what they are and why public policy, some resources to help small owners would make a big difference. You look at the large owners, whether they have affordable dollars in there to keep rents affordable or not, have a battery, you know, army of professionals, you have property managers, lawyers, accountants, maintenance supervisors, bookkeepers, they also have resident service coordinators. The big ones, right. The big guys. And when I say the resident service coordinators what I mean is that part of the job of keeping a building going is keeping tenants stable so they can do what they're supposed to do, which is pay the rent and not cause damage and call the police, you know, for noise issues. So if more of that kind of assistance were available to small owners, even, you know, some large owners now who work with small owners use Medicaid to get services to tenants in housing who can't maintain themselves with food and sanitation. So helping owners, if we could bring the cost of property management down and make access to handy people, make access to legal assistance, affordable, all the costs that owners don't have to pay for those folks will be pushed back into helping these tenants keep their housing because owners don't have a lot of these extra dollars to take. So if it was like a government service for a handy man or handy woman, instead of calling the plumber to do a job that maybe a handy person could do, for the plumber might charge $300, someone else could charge $50 or $100. But a lot of landlords are saying don't have those relationships. Because as we discussed earlier that many don't understand how to hire and supervise, they don't understand how to negotiate on legal issues, which we'll talk about in a second. But just on the fixing, and there are public programs and more of these kind of programs such as the city of Boston and many city and state programs across the country incentivize the owners to keep their rents affordable by giving them rehab. So the city will do this where they'll diagnose your problem, get a rehab plan, get the building fixed, and for every year that you keep your rent affordable, defer the cost of the payback. So over 20 years, 5% a year, you got $40,000 a rehab into your property, you've kept your rent affordable for a person in need. That's a public program that could be expanded because it's a positive incentive. Many owners will keep their rents affordable. They just need help managing their properties. So on the rehab side, and then on the legal side. So what I'd spend all day is providing legal education and problem solving assistance on tenant landlord issues that drive landlords to drink. They don't know how to deal with an unauthorized occupant or a wall that gets bashed in by a friend who was a little loud after hours. How do you put a tenant on notice? How do you negotiate so you don't evict but you put consequences out to tenants by helping landlords understand their rights and responsibilities and help them work out these issues because it's complicated. That is complicated business and you don't want to have to hire a lawyer if you don't have to. That's $600 or something. $600 an hour. You're more expensive than plumbers. Not that we don't value lawyers when we need them. But lawyers can play a role but much of this work can be done by legal assistance, management assistance, and much cheaper you're saying. Way cheaper. Way cheaper. Right. Then that helps the small landlords and then they pass the savings on to the tenant. The city is helping them. They can more likely maintain their housing. Even for example. Right. I mean for so many owners who may have bought their buildings when they had jobs and good credit, now they have some equity in their property but they can't get a loan. Let alone a home equity line. And they don't know how to get capital into their building to get money so they can fix their buildings. So just to help them figure how to get financial. And that stuff is really complicated. I mean just personally I'm trying to get a loan out of my building and I've got master's degree from the world's greatest university supposedly. And it's driving me to drink. You know I'm just about. I mean I might even have a beer after this. But seriously Peter. Are there other things we only have a couple minutes that I think this is important what you're saying that there are a lot of small landlords and you're making it clear not all of them are like you or like your colleagues who are caring and trying to keep the rents low. Some are let's say as unscrupulous as the biggest landlords. But are there other things that you could think of because it's important what I think you're saying that so much of rental housing is owned by small quote mom and pop or whatever landlords or other things that the public can do government can do to maintain those rents low with those quote small mom and pop landlords that want to be moral and want to maintain their property well. Are there other things you can do. Well there I mean there's been a ongoing conversation across the country and increasingly now in the city of Boston around controlling rents. Whether we call it stabilization or rent or just cause eviction is the piece where you prevent evictions except for cause so the owners can't possess their buildings. There are many other important schemes that should be explored that may prevent the worst excesses of the market. We know that on one end of the market we have you know small or large owners who don't have the personal relationships for whom it's primarily a business with a bottom line and who may not be as sensitive to the needs of the tenants and that is an understatement so for certain owners helping protect the tenants from rent increases and evictions is really critical on the small owner side the trick is to keep small owners stable so public programs that supervise and help owners get through the rehab process to help them manage their conflicts it help them get financing that help them deal with their estate. Okay all that stuff would be helpful yes and Peter Gilman Shapiro has literally written the book particularly for small landlords this book is called The Good Landlord I've read it it's terrific it's been actually very helpful to me because I am one of those teeny tiny landlords I literally own one apartment where I used to live in Jamaica Plain and it's been really helpful for me and I think anyone that owns an apartment whether you plan to be a quote landlord or not can really benefit from reading this book it has a lot of good information about how to mediate disputes how to deal on a personal level with your tenants and you know I can speak just personally for me it's been it's been really helpful the book The Good Landlord a guide to making a profit while making a difference is if there's a bookstore near you you'll can probably find it you also can find it on Amazon well we're not going to talk about the a word you know because we'd rather support the you can find Peter at TheGoodLandlord.com Peter at TheGoodLandlord.com you're responsive and so I really appreciate you taking the time to come in because I know you mediate a lot of very difficult disputes with tenants and landlords in the city of Boston which has hired you for many years to do that and you know I just really appreciate what you're doing because as you say a lot of people don't know that so much of rental housing is owned by these mom-and-pop so to speak small landlords like yourself yeah who have these personal relationships with their tenants that is allows tenants to keep their housing not be evicted before and pay for the rest of life because we know how high a proportion of our income goes to housing so it's such a critical aspect that of our people's lives when they have affordable decent housing they can have schooling they can be part of a community they can go to school and make friends and develop their lives in ways that we want for everybody especially for tenants who may not have access to buying. Well thanks Peter again I'm Michael Jacoby Brown your host of We Hold These Truths and we're very lucky to have Peter Gilman Shapiro author of TheGoodLandlord who's let us learn a little bit about how small landlords are actually playing an often not widely understood but important role in maintaining safe and affordable rental housing so thanks a lot for coming here Peter and it's great to see you and thanks for all you're doing thank you okay and we'll see you at the next installment of We Hold These Truths thank you very much again I'm Michael Jacoby Brown I'm your host for We Hold These Truths and thanks a lot for watching our program thank you


My name is Lauren Pear, your host of Screen Time Reset. And today, we're doing a sequel to our last show, Pioneers Navigating Uncharted Waters. Last time we spoke to a dad with his elementary age daughter. He reported getting little to no quality information from his doctor, school, or the government on the potential harms of screen time. He also noted that while screens are supposed to make parenting easier, in reality, it makes it harder as it added yet another thing to the list of things parents have to manage and say no to. So today, we're talking to April Hale, a mom with two young boys, a parenting blogger and a former teacher to get her perspective on raising kids in the digital age. Welcome, April. It's so nice to have you here. Thank you so much for having me. Absolutely. You too. Could you tell us a little bit about your family, your boys, your background, also your blog, and you have a really cool project that I'd love you to tell our viewers about? Sure. I'm just another mom, another Hawaii mom. I have two young boys, Marcel, who is two and a half and August, who is four and a half months old. So yeah, I feel like I'm both in the thick of parenting and very new to it because, like so many parents, I'm just kind of figuring things out as I go along. I have been a teacher both here and abroad, mostly with the high school level. So I've definitely seen screen time as it's played out as an issue with that teenage population as well as with my own children who are infants. Yes, I do write a mommy blog called April May Mars. It's a reference to my mom's name and my son's name. And I do typical reflections on parenting hood, parenting fail sort of stuff. But I also really enjoy interviewing other people kind of in the parenting space. And one of my favorite side projects is a little group called Baby Love Ambassadors. So we basically, it's a group of parents of young children who meet regularly at nursing homes across Oahu to interact with the kupuna and just meet other parents and have these moments of intergenerational connection. So I always looking for more members. Oh yeah. I would definitely encourage people to check out Baby Love Ambassadors online. I think it's so cool to bring kids with the kupuna, with grandparents and the older generation.  Yeah, it's a really sweet experience. I think those sort of bookend populations have a lot in common of living in the moment. And wanting a lot of touch and connection. Yeah, yeah. So it's that warm in the moment connection. So yeah, I've been privileged to have those experiences. And I would also recommend people checking out your blog. April's a really great writer. She's, I read it and I enjoyed it a lot. It's very generous of you. It's sort of sleep deprived rambling. But thank you. Agreed to disagree. But so jumping into it, from what I've observed talking to parents it seems to me like on the issue of screen time there really isn't an organized or structured method of getting this information to parents. And so on my last show I asked the dad and I'm just curious to get your perspective. Has your pediatrician brought up the potential harmful effects of screens? I pretty much had the same experience as the father you talked to in that, no. I mean, I just saw my pediatrician yesterday. And I didn't think to ask him about it either because I think just as a culture we don't really consider screen time a health issue at this point. It feels like just another sort of parenting decision in the vein of how do you potty train your child? How do you sleep train your child? What kind of, like, do they get to play with? It feels like more of one of those typical parenting issues that everybody deals with and not so much a health issue. So I should have asked my pediatrician about it. I'd be interested to hear his thoughts but it doesn't seem like that's a, and assumed to be a part of the conversation. Or certainly a priority. Right, yeah. And what about, have you seen anything coming out from the government, the CDC, a Department of Health, any government agency? Nothing I can think of. Yeah. And your kids are too young to be in school, right? Oh, my older son has been in childcare as soon as he was able. Though he's been in preschool actually for the last five, six months? Okay. And he was in daycare prior to that, yeah. And so in preschool, have there been any discussion at the preschool or have they given any information or hosted any talks? No. No. And actually at some point, I think my husband went to pick him up and the kids were actually, I don't know if they were watching TV but they were maybe listening to a music program that was like on a screen or something. So we didn't know that, you know, that was even part of the curriculum. And it's, I don't judge them for it. You know, it's a long school day. They're raising my child for all of this hour. So, you know, they do what they need to do but it wasn't communicated to us that, you know, that's something that the kids would be doing. Yeah. And just to second that, I guess, I'm not aware of really almost any schools that do it. So it's not like, it feels like your preschool is more the rule than the exception. So it's not to, right? As far as communicating to parents. Right. Yeah, yeah. I like to hear about other preschool that does give parents a rundown of this issue. If anybody out there is aware of them, please email screentimereset and at screentimereset at gmail.com and let me know. I've also had my son like just randomly identify characters from TV shows. Like he'll see it like on a package or like somebody's clothes. I'm like, I don't know where you heard about that because we don't even have a TV. Like the, I know everything that he's been exposed to as far as free entertainment through us. It's a short list. So I'm like, where are you getting that information from? Is it just preschoolers like chatting with each other? I was talking to a mom who is saying that her two-year-old could spell Disney and it got her parents really excited because they're like, oh my God, your child can spell. She's amazing. She can't spell. Somehow she knew how to spell Disney, right? Yeah, it's just in the ether. It just gets them. Totally. So if you haven't gotten any like quality information from official sources, how have you figured out how to manage this? What information is it reading articles, talking to other parents? What information have you found and how do you use that? I mean, I guess like so much of new parenting. It's kind of looking horizontally at what other parents of children your age or slightly older are doing. A lot of private conversations but not a lot of public information or public debate on it.  So that definitely resonated with me. I definitely kind of try to pick up on those things as they appear on my social media feed or in newspapers or whatnot, but I don't, you know, I can't think of like a study reliable source of authoritative information on the topic. And in these private conversations that you're having with other parents, what's come up? What did you guys discuss? I think it's a concern and a struggle for everyone to kind of figure out how to manage it. I have heard that individual children vary quite a bit to the extent to which they feel that urge or that addiction to screens. My son has like a magnetic pole to any sort of TV or movie. The two and a half year old at the same time. Yes, yes. The little one he definitely has started noticing when there's an illuminated screen and that kind of bothers me. But yeah, the toddler for sure is just like drawn to screens. And I don't know if that's the result of us being pretty strict about it. Like he's pretty restricted and limited in what he's able to watch. What restrictions do you put on him and how did you come to those? He is allowed one movie per weekend and a movie if he poops on the toilet, which is a rare and exciting occurrence. I honestly am definitely, not probably, definitely the more lax parent between my husband and myself. My husband was raised without a TV. Like his family is very literary and kind of old school and did a lot of reading and quiet times sort of activities, which is wonderful. But I think I had TV, I had Sesame Street and Mr. Rogers growing up and I feel like it didn't turn me into an addict. Like I don't watch TV now because I don't have time for it. So probably if it were up to me, I would say, oh, 30 minutes a day is okay, but that could also, it's a slippery slope, if I could turn into an hour and cause it's a free babysitter. I mean, if I turn the TV on, my toddler is just enraptured for the time that it's there or not TV, but Netflix or whatever. Right. And of course I would love to have that free time, but thanks to my husband I try to be more disciplined. Well, that's some, and what sort of effects do you see when your son is on it and then when it gets pulled away? I mean, sometimes I wonder if prior to Disney or prior to children's entertainment, like if kids of that age just didn't even experience like this extreme of happiness. Like when I tell my son he's allowed to watch a movie, cause he's always asking, but it's like only on the weekend and only under certain conditions that I say yes. It's like, he's like overcome by this like euphoria.  Like he's just so like beyond, like over the moon, beyond happy. He doesn't even know what to do with himself. In a way that like I could never bring that sort of happiness to him, destroy like being his mother. So yeah, I wonder like, did kids not have that feeling before? And what about when it gets taken away? It's a struggle.  So sometimes it's a, he'll be ready to say goodbye after that, but other times it's a fight. He's like not ready to return to, you know, reality and the banality of everyday, you know, disappointments and, you know, say goodbye to the perfect world that Pixar or Disney has constructed.  There was one quote you had on Facebook that I hunted down because I remember it like really like had an impact on me. And it was, it had a picture of your son and then you wrote intense focus reserved for Moana videos followed by existential meltdown when real world fails to live up to animated rendering. That's pretty much it. And I, yeah, I guess we all kind of had to go through that experience of learning that the real world is not as perfect as the fictional one. So I understand, you know, why he's drawn to entertainment in the way he is.  Yeah, yeah, no, that's true. It's, I do think that, I mean, we all had it, but it does feel like it's different with this newer generation as they have more access and then at the same time, I think it's most true with video games, but even with the animations, I mean the animation is more vibrant than the cartoons we watch growing up, right? And with video games, it's even more stark because they have this real-time information that they can tweak their game to just be so good at pulling you in, right?  And I know that's true for a lot of families. So, yeah, he gets really into it, but I do notice that the entertainment now, it's like a lot faster. Yeah. It's not sort of like the slow, kind of gentle, like entertainment that we grew up with, like the Sesame Street and the Mr. Rogers. Definitely, and that has real implications for the attention issue, you know, we've seen this huge rise in ADD and ADHD and they find that that faster pace of entertainment is connected to that. Yeah, and addictive for sure, because I, and I've tried to show him things that are a little bit, you know, slower. And he, he's bored. He's bored. He's used to a sort of, a different sort of straw. Sort of pie. Well, that is a perfect place for us to go to our break and we will be right back. Hey, loha, my name is Andrew Lanning. I'm the host of Security Matters Hawaii, airing every Wednesday here on Think Tech Hawaii live from the studios. I'll bring you guests, I'll bring you information about the things in security that matter to keeping you safe, your coworkers safe, your family safe, to keep our community safe. We wanna teach you about those things in our industry that, you know, may be a little outside of your experience. So please join me because Security Matters, aloha. Aloha, I'm Dave Stevens, host of the Cyber Underground. This is where we discuss everything that relates to computers that's just gonna scare you out of your mind. So come join us every week here on thinktechawaii.com, one PM on Friday afternoons.  All our shows will show up and please follow us. We're always giving you current, relevant information to protect you. Keepin' you safe, aloha. And we're back. So I'm curious, a lot of parents, not all, but a lot are hesitant to talk about this issue. And I'm curious why you think that is, and they can be hesitant even to talk about it with each other. You talked about horizontal discussion, but there are a lot of parents that don't have a lot of discussion with other parents. I don't know that that's exactly the experience I've had. I mean, I certainly am interested, so I do bring up the issue with other parents that I know of. I mean, I can only speak for my own experience. I don't, you know, I'm not a representative of the parenting community, but I kind of have a hunch that parents, we're all, especially parents of young children and people who are new at it, everybody's kind of in the trenches and like figuring all this stuff out as they go along, right? It's like parenting, it's like you're supposed to become an expert and all this stuff for like a month at a time and then move on to new curriculum. It's this crash course that you get to do once or maybe two or three times and then you move on with your life. So I kind of have a feeling that, you know, parents don't want to judge each other too harshly because we're all in survival mode and you know, if I'm out at dinner, which that's not a real possible situation, but hypothetically I were at a dinner and I saw, you know, other parents at a table giving a phone to their kids to play with. Like maybe that wouldn't be my choice, but I know that that's just one moment in that family's life and maybe not representative of all their time. So I'm gonna withhold judgment because everyone's, you know, doing the best they can, I think for the most part. Yeah, and that strikes me as a reason, honestly, that it's so important to have a government stepping in or a school or some outside party. Because from what I've talked to, yes, because especially if parents that are more conscious about it and are more restrictive are talking to parents who are less restrictive, I know that that can be a really difficult conversation because other parents feels judgy. Right, exactly. So it's sort of just to me evidence that there does have to be an authority that is explaining this to parents versus just assuming that they will take care of it within their own parenting circles. I mean, I think also beyond that, like adults have very complicated issues or complicated relationships with technology and with screen time too, and are figuring out how to incorporate and balance, you know, find a healthy balance of that screen time in their own lives. So it can be overwhelming to be navigating that as an adult and then also making decisions for your child. And in the midst of all that, you know, the technology is constantly changing. I already feel like, you know, I'm an aging millennial. There's so many like apps and social media things and video games and just technologies that are just like a whole, you know, a foreign world to me and my, when I was a high school teacher, my students never neglected to remind me of that, like that I was a different generation. Like I was, you know, the starter Facebook generation and they had moved on many times to other things.  Yeah, and that brings me to kind of another question I have, which is I think very much related to what you're talking about is, it comes up in a number of cases where there's sort of a disconnect, it seems, between feelings and reality when it comes to tech. So one example, I was just reading a book, Wired Child by Richard Freed, and he talks about how most parents will say that they think that technology brings their families closer. But then there's research that actually videotapes families and like it will show parents coming up on a kid and then sort of like backing up when they realize they're like engulfed in technology. And certainly there's another book called The Big Disconnect by Katherine Stein-Ardera that talks about how so many young kids literally feel neglect because so often when they're trying to bid for their parents' attention, their parents are just looking at their phones. And yet most parents do say that they feel like it brings their families closer. And this reminds me of something that you could maybe speak to too, high school students, they think that they're awesome multi-taskers, like they can do all these different things and they're killing it. But the research shows that is not true, it's horribly inefficient, it takes them far longer to get through their homework. Do you have any thoughts on how you address these kind of delusions or disconnects between how we feel tech is improving our life and the backdrop of evidence to the contrary? I mean, I am surprised to hear that many families think technology brings them closer. I don't think that's impossible. I think there are situations, watching a movie together and talking about it.  And that is, it facilitates connection in a way. But I do think that it's kind of, I don't know if we're being honest with ourselves if we say that tech is bringing our families closer together. So I'm not sure about that point. Maybe I'd have to read a little bit more into that argument. And you were saying also about the misinformation, oh, like kids believing that they can multitask. Yeah, I mean, that's, I definitely saw that as a teacher that I would be giving a lesson on French grammar or whatever and students might be doing two other things at the same time. And they, of course, it's certainly possible that it was a boring lesson and they were entertaining themselves. But a lot of them did believe that, you know, that they could, they got this. Juggles, re-things. Even in college, I remember having my computer open and like checking my email while listening to the lecture and it's a very natural human impulse when you get just a little bit bored to like find something that's gonna keep you entertained as far as how to combat that. I mean, I think data always helps. I think maybe with students who are, you know, middle school or older, you could have them experiment a little bit on themselves. That sounds weird, but, you know, you could, I know what you mean. You know, there are tests that demonstrate very clearly that like even having your phone on the table, it strikes you and it makes you perform poorly on a memory test or something of that nature than if you weren't, if you didn't have that sort of pull on your attention. The discussion of like the teacher perspective leads me. I remember like I posted on Facebook one time an article that showed that a lot of parents, again, had this more positive view of how technology is affecting their kids, but teachers had a more negative view. And so... Because it makes parenting easier and teaching harder. That was what you said and I thought that was really interesting. So could you talk just a little bit more about that?  And you can't constantly yell at them, right? Like I do some substitute teaching now at a variety of private schools on the island, none of which I'll name, but it's certainly an issue I run into.  So you have to walk around and being the sort of mean person, you can't bust half of the class every 10 minutes, you know, so you just try. And so much of the classroom work that we do now does rely on technology and does ask students to be on Google Drive or making a presentation or a video or, you know, editing a piece of writing or whatever it is. That's another challenge. At some schools I'm sitting behind the students, it's easier to see the computers than others I'm in front and I have to make loops and you can tell that they're changing what's on their screen as you're coming. Well, you're not gonna like dive across and be like, gotcha. You know, so, yeah, it's, so that's an interesting perspective. So like it makes teaching more difficult and parenting easier. So teachers tend to see the negative.   I don't know, I can, you know, my experience as a parent and as a teacher are very different because they're very different populations. I can imagine that parents drop their kids off at school and think, okay, during these, you know, six or eight hours or whatever, my student is, or my child is at school, they're getting an education, they're socializing, they're like, this is like, all the stuff that's good for them and they don't see what teachers see, which is during the break, you know, there'll be like 20 kids in out on the quad somewhere, like playing Fortnite on their computer screen and like before class, they're not talking to each other, they're just sitting there, you know, glued to Instagram or whatever.  So maybe teachers kind of are privy to a facet of adolescent life that parents either willfully ignore or, you know, just don't see. That makes sense. And then wrapping up because it is that time already, amazingly, I kind of have two questions to end on. The first is, what do you think, you know, should be done to better educate and support parents? Whose responsibility do you think it primarily is and or who's the best actor position to educate parents, I guess, regardless of whether it's, you know, really their responsibility versus someone else's. And then the second question is, do you have any thoughts on what might be the best things to focus on when talking about the negative potential harms of screen time? I have this sense, like the more I've researched, the more impacts I find and I know that if I just start listing them, I'm like that Charlie Brown teacher, like, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. So do you have any, yeah, any advice on, on? Well, I'm pretty sleep deprived so I already forgot your first question, but to speak to your second one, I think it depends on the audience. Like parents of very small children of infants or toddlers are, you know, probably gonna be more receptive to issues around sleep quality, like how screens excite the nervous system and may, might be preventing your child from getting optimal sleep. Or developmental delays. There's new research coming out about that, yeah. Whereas parents of older children and maybe those, you know, children or teenagers themselves might be more interested to know about, you know, how screens impede our social interactions and maybe kind of stun our social abilities. Executive function maybe. Yeah. And the first question just to, to remind you was like, who do you think between governments, pediatricians, school, yeah. I mean, I think the government has to take a stance in order for it to be treated as a public health issue, you know, in the same way that the, I don't know if the APA, the American Pediatric Association or that sort of organization, and I kind of think of that as a larger governing body kind of akin to a government health organization. But those sorts of kind of global reaching organizations, I think, yeah, have to come out. A lot of authority. Yeah, with at least some, at the very least some guidelines that are continually backed up with research and data. Guidelines and don't you think it's important to list the harms? Cause for the pediatricians that do bring it up, all I hear is that they'll say like, you know, the child's not supposed to have more than one hour or two hours. Yeah, this is actually saying what? Exactly, right? Yeah, for sure. Yeah. Of course, we're all more inclined to follow through on something if we know why and we're not just blindly listening. Especially when it's so convenient. I feel like you need to have a reason to deny yourself that convenience in the free time that parents are so starved for. I have a lot of empathy for that. Harsing looks really hard. Well, thank you. I appreciate that. But I do think schools are an extremely kind of fertile terrain for treating those issues because students are so susceptible to their peer group. Just as parents are looking around at other parents figuring out what to do, children are seeing what their classmates are doing, what they're allowed to do, what kind of phone they're allowed to have and a lot of their self-expression and their social life now comes through social media and these apps. So, yeah, getting schools on board and having those be kind of community discussions with parents and families, I think is going to be super important. And that is a perfect place to wrap up. To the audience, if you have any other ideas of how we could get this information out to parents who you think should be in charge of disseminating education and support, please email screen-timereset at gmail.com and let us know. Thank you so much, April, again, for coming on. I would highly recommend checking out her blog, April, May, and Mars, and also Baby Love Ambassadors. It's a really great project. Thank you for tuning in. Until next time.


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here So we're talking about Jeff Hardy in this video here today another rare wrestling video from me So Jeff Hardy one of my most beloved wrestlers growing up still at his day I'm a big Jeff Hardy fan recently returned to all elite wrestling after being away for nearly a year Returning from another mishap in Jeff Hardy's long history of substance abuse problems and other demons that he's always Somehow continuing to fight against and I hope he really is going to go down the right path This time, but he recently returned on a W television during an episode of dynamite He helped his brother Matt Isaiah hook and they were going against the firm He showed up delivered some chair shots delivered a Swanton bomb And then most recently this past Saturday on an episode of rampage He made it known that he intends to retire in all elite wrestling So during a segment between Hardy hook Matt Hardy Isaiah Cassidy before the firm interrupted He announced that he will be ending his career on a high note That is at least what he intends to do. He said hello everyone It's super cool to be back in this elite world nine months ago. I didn't think this was even possible I've worked so hard to reach this moment right now. Thank you. Thank you so much I'm trying really hard to love myself again and what that said I think the smartest thing for me to do is retire From screwing up. I'm here in a w to end my career on an extremely high note instead of a depressing low I love each and every one of you will see and time will tell the future is waiting for us to prevail Now Jeff Hardy is currently scheduled to go and compete in this final or this firm deletion match between himself He will team up with his brother Matt Hardy hook Isaiah Cassidy against the firm Which we know consists of Stoke Lee Ethan Page Big Bill and Lee Moriarty So with that in mind and no details on when that match is going to be occurring Apparently per fightful select and also according I guess to Sean Ross Sapp Jeff Hardy will not wrestle before the firm deletion match that at least that's what the plan is for now So the firm deletion match will be Jeff Hardy's first match back now Of course things could always change Jeff Hardy could indeed have a match in some capacity before that match But it seems that the firm deletion is intended to be his first matchback. I'm glad Jeff is back But I will say this it does not matter if I believe what Jeff is saying What's most important is that Jeff believe what what he is saying because I've seen the discourse on Twitter Oh, he said that time and time again that he's gonna get clean. He's gonna not do it again He's gonna change his ways, you know at the end of the day It's not a matter of if I believe it or not me believing it or not doesn't dictate what Jeff decides to do with his life Jeff has to believe that for himself. He has to believe that he is better than this. He is above Turning to substances for his pain He can go to someone else or seek out help in other means besides just getting drunk or doing anything else that is negligent and then getting behind the wheel or Possibly injuring someone as a result of your negligent behavior because I think his license is what suspended from like the next decade or so Jeff Hardy intending to retire in AEW. I think it's for the best Jeff Hardy. I think still has maybe I would like to see maybe 10 more memorable matches from Jeff Hardy if I can get that out of him I would love to see what he can do in this firm deletion match Although I think Matt Hardy has come out and say that it might not be as cinematic as some of these other Final deletion s matches have been I'm I can't wait to see what Jeff Hardy gets to do in this match Hopefully if the reports about a third AEW show being added solely for seeing pump because the locker room is child like and being child It's about him coming back Hopefully Jeff Hardy and seeing punk and have one more memorable Feud in some capacity because I was love to see those two run that match back and hopefully Jeff Hardy in some capacity Can hold one more championship I would love for it to be a world title But I also wouldn't blame AEW if they have doubts about putting the title on Jeff Hardy and letting him carry the company With all the baggage that comes with him Jeff has to believe this for himself at the end of the day me believing that you will be clean or not It doesn't matter Jeff. You have to want to be better for yourself. I know you can be better I believe in you and I hope that you can stay on a positive path And I hope that you have a very good final run in AEW And I hope that you are able to end your career on a very positive and memorable note with several more Iconic matches that many of us will look back on finally when you finally decide to hang it up But you guys let me know what you think about all this down the comment section below What do you think about Jeff Hardy being back in AEW? What do you think will happen in the firm deletion match? Who do you think Jeff Hardy should wrestle with before he ends up hanging up his boots because it sounds like he does have retirement on his mind Let me know all that down the comment section below If you haven't already of course make sure you go ahead and subscribe turn on post notifications that you never miss a video in the description I'll have links on social media counts. I'm on Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there, of course Let me know if there are any movies news or reviews you'd like me to cover in the future and with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


Today's topic is group accounts and in group accounts the consolidation is the main thing in it. So first of all let's see the learning outcomes. Consolidation is a huge subject and step by step approach will enable students the basic group accounts. Now working group structure calculate goodwill and non-controlling interest. These three words group structure mean in a particular group which companies are there then how the goodwill is going to be calculated when you are acquiring a certain company the goodwill of that company and the non-controlling interest they are the one who have minority shareholdings. Understand the difference among holding subsidiary, sub subsidiary, associates, joint venture, joint operations. So these are the individual topic so we have to go one by one that if we have the holding company and then we have the subsidiary and if we add another subsidiary or if we add an associated company so there are different topics which we have to cover. They will prepare consolidated financial statement and they will make necessary adjustment to eliminate the intergroup balances. Another important thing in group account is that since they are dealing with each other so their inter-company balances transactions should be eliminated because group means a one unity not a different company just one but that includes number of companies. The goal of these standards is to establish principles for presentation and preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity control one or more other entities that one holding company the big company having shares in the other company. So if you are a holding company and they are your subsidiaries then you need to prepare the consolidated accounts. To meet the objective require an entity the parent. Parent is the main company who is taking care of the other companies that control one or more entity not necessarily there is one parent company and there is only one subsidiary there can be more than 2, 3, 4 subsidiaries. So holding company parent company with control and they prepare the consolidated financial statements and control is the basis for consolidation that is the most important thing. This word control is explained time and again in the standards that what we mean by control. Control here means to take charge of policy making that if you are in a position to dominate in policy making that it means you have a control. Set out how to apply the principles of control to identify whether an investor control investing and therefore must consolidate the investing. Now again these two words investor is the parent company those who are buying the shares of other companies investing in which the holding company is investing. So parent company is investing company and subsidiary or sub subsidiaries are investing companies. So we have to make a consolidated accounts. Set out the accounting requirement for preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Now see all these four standard which I mentioned criteria is if you have a share holding of a company more than 50% maybe 100% but not less than 50% or you may have 20% to 50%. So the one which is more than 50% is your subsidiary company or sub subsidiary and if it is 20 to 50 it is associates company and joint arrangements may doh chi zayn ghi a joint control may joint ventures or joint operations you doh chi zayn. Ab isme deke share holding ka clear karlein ya more than 50% hai to aapko isme sub subsidiary company or associate hai to usme aapko 20 to 50 hai or joint venture operation alexa chi zayn. Isme control ki jaan tak baat hain majority votes full control yani aapke pas pura control hai or significant influence. Waha weh domination hai pehle case me aur yaha pa significant influence aur aage doh sharing hai 50-50 or joint operation mein sharing depends upon whatever agreement they have. Accounting part of it acquisition or purchase method, equity method and in case of operations it can be equity method or cost method. So for sharing of assets and liabilities revenues etc. And standards number mentioned IS-27, IFRS-10, IFRS-3, IS-28, IFRS-11, IFRS-11. So these are the standards which covers these consolidation. Now parent company basically investing company and subsidiary company or companies entity investing entity having direct control say 80% holding by the parent company. Then subsidiary if parent have 80% or 75% of more than 50% control that other company that will be a subsidiary company which parent having indirect control through the subsidiary sub subsidiary in the indirect control and if you have a subsidiary company in that case you don't have a direct control but you have a control through a subsidiary. So that is another vertical group that you got parent company, you got subsidiary company, you got sub subsidiary company. Then there is another D type of structure. D type of structure means parent having subsidiary, subsidiary having sub subsidiary and parent also have in the D company. So it can be a curve, it's a D shape and associates company is very simple 20% to 50%. So these are the group structure. Thank you very much.


So, I believe you have already upgraded yourself to monetary but finding out it running slow was not so expected, right? Alright, you don't need to worry because we have got some good troubleshooting tips for you. To speed up your macOS monetary, watch this video to the end. So, before we explain the fixes, you need to find out the reasons behind the slowdown of Mac. So, first you should check if your Mac is actually compatible with macOS monetary or not. As a general rule, Macs released before 2012 are not compatible with the macOS monetary. If your Mac does not fall in such a category, then it will run slow by itself. Now we know that macOS monetary already come with good features like FaceTime upgrades, Safari revamp, privacy upgrades, live text and much more and you just don't want to miss them. This is why here are some fixes you are looking for. Checking disk space So, start with checking your disk space. It's clear out here. If your disk space doesn't have free space within, you will encounter many issues including freezing and stalling. For this, click the Apple menu icon at the top. Go to About this Mac and select Storage. This step will show you how much storage space is available in your system and you can easily decide if you want to optimize the downloads folder. We would also like to give you a smart tool here which can easily do optimization and easy management and that is CleanupMySystem. The reason why CleanupMySystem can do wonders for you are that it cleans and optimize your Mac in one go, improve your Mac's startup time, helps completely uninstalling apps manage your Mac's disk space and secure web data privacy. Try disabling auto startup items Programs that automatically start whenever your Mac is turned on can cause your Mac to slow down as they use background resources. To disable them, go to the Apple menu, System Preferences and User End Groups. Choose your username and login items Press the lock icon and enter your admin password to make changes. Here click any items from the list and press the underscore button to remove them. Simple as that. Set PRAM or NVRAM PRAM Parameter Random Access Memory holds information about your Mac control settings but newer Macs no longer use PRAM. Instead, they use NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory which controls your startup disk, time zone, kernel panics and volume settings.  Hold down the option command PR keys, release keys after you hear the startup sound and it's done. Resetting SMC The SMC looks after things like battery management, thermal management, keyboard lightening and more. In order to do a quick reset, shut your Mac down, hold the left side control option keys with the right side shift. After 7 seconds, add the power button. Now wait for another 7 seconds and release the keys. Finally, press the power button once again to turn your Mac on as usual. Check your Wi-Fi connection. This might seem a very obvious thing to you but trust me, it is an important one. Check your Wi-Fi once again today and find it your internet connection is stable or not. That's it for the day guys. If you are still experiencing problems with macOS monetary and it's running slow, then you can choose to clean the whole install by getting back to factory settings while removing all customizations, user accounts, preferences, third party apps, personal files and data. Make sure that you catch back all the data in hand before moving ahead.


You're watching News Made Easy and I'm on Indi Chakravarthy and today I'm going to be talking about why is Ford Motors quitting India. There's an important question but it's not only about Ford. Of course the reasons being given range from the fact that Ford has never Indianized its cars. So it never really understood the Indian market too. The fact that millennials today don't want to buy cars. They'd rather take an Ola and an Uber and of course in metros, metros have come, right? Public transport has improved. So that is one reason why the car market has declined but that is not the key reason. The key reason is something else. But before I go there, I want to talk about Ford Motors itself. It was started by Henry Ford, right? You must have heard about him. Pioneer of what has come to be called Fordism, right? He started and popularized the assembly line system by which people with workers with relatively low skills could work on specific set of machines and do only one particular task and what ended up being produced is a pretty complex machine at relatively low cost. So it started with cars, went on to other gadgets and machines itself and various kinds of durables. The assembly line became a global system for industrial production even in socialist countries. But Ford was also famous for one other thing that he did which is in 1914 he doubled the wages of workers. He said that workers will be given a $5 wage per day. $5 in 1914 is equal to $130 today. How does that compare in 2021 equivalent terms? As I told you, the equivalent value of the Ford 1914 wage was $130. The minimum wage in the US today for someone who works 8 hours is $58. That means Ford was paying more than double in real terms than what US employers pay today to their workers. There's one more thing that Ford did which is he introduced the 40 hour 5 day week, the 40 hour 5 day week. Why did he do that? He said that unless workers have leisure and time to spend with their families, unless they have money, they're going to buy the things that they produce. Effectively if workers don't buy the things that they produce, capitalism is bound to fail because it will fail to create a demand for its own products and therefore it will not grow. This is not socialism. This is an important thing to understand. This is not socialism. This is pure capitalism. Capitalism with a vision which understands that unless there is demand, there can be no capitalist growth. So the question is how many people in India can actually buy cars because if they can't buy cars, car market, car industry will not grow. So let's assume that someone buys the cheapest car and the EMI they'll end up paying is about 5,000 rupees. Equal monthly installments to buy the cheapest car in India. Who can buy that? At least a household income of about 40,000 rupees or 5 lakh rupees a year. A household income of two odd people working in a family. At least 40,000 rupees has to be there for them to be able to pay 5,000 rupees in EMI every month on a car. How many households are able to earn that? CMI's data tells us that only 23 million households in India or about 7-8% of the total number of households in India are able to earn that much. And they are the people who are the core of the car market in India. How many cars have been produced in the last 10 years? In the last 10 years alone, 24 million cars have been produced. In the last 15 years, 35 million cars have been produced. Now think of the fact that some of that would have been bought by the government. Some of it would have been bought by taxi owners. But even then you can understand that we've reached a saturation point where you will find very few buyers for cars. And let me tell you, this is not a new phenomenon. Since 2011 and here I'm putting out a graph with quarterly data. Every three months you can see that there has hardly been any growth in the car market. These are car production numbers. And you can see it in 2018, there hardly been any growth. I mean, you can also see that after mid-2018, there's been a decline. And this was before COVID came. Car sales started declining after 2018 before COVID came. And of course, that's the COVID collapse in April to June quarter because factories were shut. But even after that, the recovery has still not taken us back to that level. And look at this. After July, in August, car sales have dropped again. The reason for this is very simple. The car market in India is saturated because India's middle class is small, is getting smaller, and their buying power is shrinking. And this is not just the car market. This is true for homes. This is true for other consumer durables in India as well. So unless there are any quality reduces, unless the size of the buying classes increases, India's economy is doomed to be in this space where there is no demand and no growth. That's the show today. Keep watching News Click.


Tight ends almost never get Heisman votes, but that could change the season. Rock Bowers is an absolute weapon, and he's the best player on the number one team in the country. In week one, we saw a dominant performance. Five catches plus a rushing touchdown on a jet sweep. And that versatility is what makes him different than your standard tight end. Now the last time I tight end won the Heisman, it was all the way back in 1949. Got out Leon Hart. And how about just cracking the top 10 in Heisman voting? It's happened once in the last 45 years. Shout out Kyle Pitts. So Bowers has a complete long shot here to even get Heisman votes for when the Heisman. His odds to win it were all the way up to 60 to 1 after week one on the fatal sportsbook. If there's ever a tight end to do it, it's Rock Bowers. And getting the ball in rushing attempts this season will only boost his chances. And I'll be tracking Brock all season to see if he can at least crack a lucid top 10 in Heisman voting for a tight end.