So I thought, so this guy shmoo, the actual guy shmoo, I'll keep this very short, he likes to pick on me because I'm kind of gullible. Once upon a time he told me that chickens were hermaphrodites and because I was asking, hey, why are there so few roosters and so many female hens on a farm? And I didn't realize until I saw the American Dad episode, they grind up all the roosters and the chicken feed that that's what actually happens. I learned agriculture from American Dad. And since American Dad wasn't around in the late 90s when he told me the story, he said it's like Jurassic Park where when they hatched, they just, you know, one of them kind of elects themselves as male and the rest are all female.  So I start telling people this.  And then you kill them and another one comes around and they're like, I think you're wrong.   Anyway, so this is the story about how we lost an eye. And just to be clear, that's me with a microscope. The sun's in the air and I'm looking at a hard drive platter which happens to be very shiny.  So anyway, that joke fell flat. So we're going to keep on trekkin'. Who are we? Deviant. You want to say a few words about yourself?  Can you supersize me later? I'm Bruce Potter, founder of the shmoo group and I do other stuff. I do run a small consulting company in central Maryland and just to pin myself out, we're hiring developers so feel free to email me later. And Shane? Hi, I'm Shane Lawson. I work for, hi, thanks. I work for Tennessee Solutions. My entire executive staff is sitting right here staring at me. I think we're hiring. Yes, we're hiring. That's a whole talk. We're done. Thanks, boy.  If you want out of here afterwards, there will be sign up sheets and you have to sign up before you leave the room. It's tomorrow only. Today is just free play. Tomorrow it starts at 10 a.m.  Feel free to sign up for the noon one. What are we doing here? So a long, long time ago I worked for this company called Fort Knox, N-O-C-S, not K-N-O-X.  And we were going to do credit card processing. We're going to do set processing and potentially even do digital bear settlement stuff.  It turns out Anchorage isn't near anything except the water. And so we were a little worried that if we had these servers that had all this information, this is pre-PCI, so we were just going to store everything in the clearing. There's a lot of subtlety to that statement. Anyway, and we were worried that bad guys were going to come and try to bag our boxes.  Just make the drive, go away.  Like a pile of slag. Like our first thought was thermite. Yeah. Yeah. It's a lot of people's first thought because it's fun. But there's some critical issues with thermite. It's self-oxidizing, so it likes to go through things. Whatever's below it, gravity keeps going. So we really wanted though a solution that would make the entire drive go away because we were worried that even if there were a few bits of information left on the drive, if they were the right bits, they could be worth a lot of money. So for those that don't know about something like digital bear certificates, this is an idea, same idea as bitcoins, just not really a psychotic. Someone explained bitcoins to me the other night in a bar and I thought it was a joke. Like I understand the concept that these bits are worth money, but like the actual process and all the weird static values are associated, like every six weeks this happens. And every two years this happens. I'm like, oh, we just pulled values out of the air. I see them. We called it a currency. Excellent. So, wow.  Anyway, we wanted to make sure that if there were $10 million in bear certificates or bitcoins, someone that wasn't willing to spend $10 million to see if they could recover the right string of bits. So we wanted the drive to go away. Unfortunately, we were a little too busy trying to also get venture capital and burn through it all in the form of not doing anything. And yes, because that was the way the end of the 90s really worked out. I was like, hey, we got money. Go back to playing quick three. And it didn't work out.  And Deviant was there and Shane was there and a few other people were there. And I was telling them about this little thing that we tried to do. And we decided, hey, you know, maybe we should take this idea and do something with it for DEF CON. So the rules of the game that we were trying to do up in Anchorage and we continue to carry forward today, which is why you're all here, is destroying a drive in the following fashion. One, you have a 1U server.  So concrete, asbestos, you know, things like that. When you fire the hard drive, you have 60 seconds to destroy it, you must not set off fire suppression, smoke sensors, seismic sensors because we're near banks. Must not harm other system in the rack and you must not harm the humans that happen to be nearby when you're lighting off your thermbite or magnesium or something like that. So we undertook this talk in an attempt to see if we could realize my private little dream of destroying a goddamn hard drive. And so we will get to the various methods that we use, but needless to say, we accepted the challenge.   And you're right. We could have done that. Like that's a totally valid response. So first of all, we wanted this to be a spectacle and crypto is not really a spectacle. You ever watch a demo of a crypto system? It's really exciting. It's encrypting right now. It's done. That's it. So yeah, it's always going to have the redneck roar once in a while in the middle of the talk to wake up all the people. Was that pretty goddamn loud? What? Triple des. That's not really redneck. Des is kind of redneck, you know. One time pad written on the side of your pinto is redneck. So there's some reasonable crypto solutions out there. There's some various open source stuff. There's opal and other self encrypting drives that you can use. The issue really comes down to zeroization. If you're going to zeroize out the data or zeroize out the key, I mean the idea is you have this encrypted data with some very large key and when you want the data to go away, you just throw the key in the trash. And you just have to make sure that you throw the key in the trash and in an effective enough fashion that it can't be recovered. What's kind of a bummer about that is if you don't do it, then all they need to do is recover 256 bits or 2000 bits of data and then they can decrypt the entire drive versus if we're successful, there's absolutely nothing left except powder. So you know, and it stands to reason that if you're going to use an encrypted drive, you could just go after the bits like the little, you know, TPM or whatever we could incinerate that, which would prove to be remarkably easy compared to what the hell we tried to do. So there's various drive destruction standards. Anyway, there are drive destroyers. This one that DT, I thought was bringing down to the con but I haven't seen it yet, is the low end version of a drive destroyer. First you have to degauss the drive which has varying amounts of effects on modern day drives. And then there's this little anvil thing in the middle and one little point that as Shane calls it makes a little hard drive taco because it puts 12,000 pounds of force in the middle of the drive and the drive kind of folds up and shatters, which for most of the standards that are out there qualify as drive destruction. But if you ask someone what this was and you hold up a broken drive that's been shattered by one of these are going to say a hard drive. It turns out you can get things that you can hold up pieces and go what was this and people are going to say a pinto. And this is an $80,000 drive disintegrator. That's what they call on the website. A drive disintegrator. It was like check. That's add to cart. $80,000. I paid in bitcoins. It's coming. I've been mining for weeks just to save it up for this drive disintegrator. This thing will eat laptops, small children, farm animals, male chickens as it turns out. Will has shredded. You can put a blend tech into this thing and it will shred the blend tech. Like I assure you. So there are some issues with this. Costs are kind of expensive even in bitcoins. Unless anyone wants to attack Mt. Gox we can drive the value of bitcoins through the roof for five minutes so I can buy my drive disintegrator. Going to keep turning that. There's going to be a hit on me by the entire bitcoin cabal later. It's going to be great. It will be in Brazilia 4 later. Effectiveness, there may still be usable bits especially the ones that make the little hard drive tacos. You're going to get little pieces of hard drive. There may still be data on that. That's some use. And form factor. That's about 40 U and three cabinets. So that was a little larger than our winning, the winning submission that we were looking for. So real quick. Yeah, you should go sign up for Hack Fortress.  You should thank me. I decided not to do that this year.  That was the most annoying thing ever. It was one of those jokes. It's like family guy. It's funny and then it's not. And then after a couple more minutes of Conway Twitty singing it gets funny again. That's basically what we were doing. So anyway, someone's grabbing their knee and agonizing pain like anyway. Not a lot of family guy. They'll swim watchers in the audience tonight. So anyway, industrial, this really is not an important slide. Surely there's a better way. And what I want to get into, we're going to talk about the specifics of what we tried so you can learn from our, I'll call them mistakes. So about the ways that we did this. I don't know if you were planning on doing this slide, but I'm going to do it and then I'm going to hand it over to Dean. Is that right? That's why you put my name on it so I can talk about myself in the third person. Or he can talk about himself in the third person. So just to be clear, some of what we did is in the slight gray area from a legality perspective. Deviant will touch on that gently. Very gently in a super sized way. Dangerous. We tried to exercise as much care as we could. There were certainly times when we thought something really bad was going to happen and we're filming it and nothing occurred.  They were like, go stand way on the end of the driveway. And they do, and we get something out. We're like, okay, we're ready. And we do have to like, have you done it yet? We're like, yeah, we did it. Sorry. Go inside. I need to hide. Pseudo science. We definitely made some gold. I contend, but nobody else seemed to believe me, except I did trade it in on the Mt. Gox currency market and I had my bitcoins from the gold that I alchemized out of the hard drive. So we initially split this up into three areas. Incendiary, which was deviance, area of focus, chemical, which was Shane, and physical, which is mine. We're going to go through the efficacy of each of these. And it turns out that we really had the most success in a fourth surprise area that involves strippers and blow. Anyway. All right. How are we doing? Can you hear me?  One is thermite, which doesn't play nice with anything or doesn't play nice with ceramics, which there's a lot of in circuitry and hard drive platters.  But I did my best to do some research so I could be up here and talk to you fine people. Unfortunately, we're not going to tell you a lot about this research because I like my butthole and I don't want to be accused of helping you out of make bombs. So I'm not going to say, you know, a lot of chemical, you're not going to get a lot of real chemical formulas, but that's what you proclaim. Oh God, sulfur things, what? No, don't do that. So it's going to kind of go like this. And if you are a smart person, you can figure out how things are and how things go and how things might be for you. So there's this stuff. It's on the inner tubes. We like it because we have guns. It goes boom if you hit it with this. We like to use it because we like guns and booms. If you put it far, far away and put a lot of it out there, it goes boom even bigger. That's really fun. There are some people who put way too much of it in one situation and they make the news when booms are too loud. You don't want to be those.  But there's also this stuff. You think it's the other stuff. It's not the same stuff. You can find this stuff. Why is it not the same stuff? Because it goes boom with this. It also goes boom with this. That's a much smaller impact. That's smaller initiating charge as the feds who are listening to this talk will know. It also means things like this in the Hollywood industry and films and cinema. That also makes that other thing go boom. This is hard to get. It's illegal for you to get. There's an Instructible Online to make your own. Don't do that. Don't initiate one charge into another into another because that's what we call bad. That's what we call massive things that you weren't planning. If you do that, people will want to have a conversation with you. The conversation will take place someplace you don't want to be. So we were talking about how to do this with a server rack. How do you install this kind of incendiary, boomy-ary thing in a server rack? If you want to be legal, if you don't want to be in places you don't want to be, the only way to legally use things that go boom like that ordered on the internet is to shoot them with a round. So you're basically taking a server rack and affixing a live round to it. I don't really want to work in a server environment where there's a fully charged spring on the fricking hammer like rifle at all times, but it doesn't violate federal law. And it's because you are still initiating this server destruction charge with a round. The moment you do it electronically, that's a problem. So remember, don't initiate stuff with batteries or cell phones, et cetera. That's bad.  We've all moved away from IDE hard drives in the past. We do not want to transition to IDE hard drives. IED hard drives, yes.  Thanks, whiskey guy.  Ah, well that in the ready.gov thing. So yeah, see this is bad because it doesn't fit our model.  Oh no. What happened? What is this? Hey, thank you. They let us back in. Yeah, this is, it's very bad for your room. It is very bad for your desk. You'll probably lose your snacks. 23B is the only one who makes out in this entire equation. So what have we learned today, kids? We have learned that it's possible to do incendiary things or boomy-ary things to your drives. You do not want the emergency crews to come out.  We do not want you sent to a freaking ER. We do not want you making new friends. At least not if you're going to blame us for it.  So yeah, have fun with that. Do not blame us. It was not our fault. Don't try this at home. Thank you. Yeah, I can't follow that. So moving right along, I don't have any great pictures or anything. The whole point of the mic. How's this? All right.  So the point of the chemical destruction I was going to spray a mist that goes in to the platters, eats it away, end up having a big bubbling pile of what used to be a platter and probably some burnt fingertips. So it didn't really work. You should go sign up for hack fortress. You may have seen this before in an earlier slide presentation. So the mechanics of this whole thing, I had submersible pumps and lots of acids and lots of other stuff and power and everything and there was going to be arm switches. It was going to spray this great thing in there and it was going to go over the top of it and we were going to market it and sell it and all be really rich. It didn't happen that way either. So one of the main things there, yeah, Cobalt doesn't react with dick. We tried really hard. We mixed a lot of stuff that we shouldn't have mixed together. It was a bad idea. And yeah, I don't want to be on a list. I don't want to make any of those new friends. I don't know where the hell that picture came from but it creeps me out every time I see it. So my other reservations, I don't want to end up like this. Really, this is how we set it up. That's the table on two saw horses. It's really this tall too so it's very safe. What?  Could you use your outside voice please? Yeah, they're turning me off. Man's keeping me down. I just want to point out the safety equipment here. There's some arm and hammer baking soda to neutralize any acid that we got on Shane's eye. And I think that's it. That's all the safety equipment we had. Oh, we had metal containers for the acid that we were trying to use to melt metal with. So this whole process, actually, if you look over there, that little white spot, that's from the acid we spilled on the table. A lot of this was a bad idea. The root beer was okay though. So how do I know it didn't work? Well, because it didn't work. The slide's in the wrong spot by the way. Yeah. Okay, keep going. You put it there. No, you put it there. Dick, this is your slides.  Anyway, you should go sign up for Hack Fortress. Bruce also has a problem with altitude sickness today. So you might want to be forgiving that bike ride. Could you just keep going? They're waiting for it. He pushed out on it just to let you know.  So we let this stuff soak with a pretty low grade acid and eventually it made a little tiny hole. It really didn't do much. So some of the chemicals in use, they're corrosive. We really did mix a lot of stuff. Some of it may have not been acid. I'm not really sure. Get a little confused about acids and bases. It's not really that important though. We didn't research this anyway as I was told. So in fairness we did try the aluminum platters are made of to cut to the chased aluminum. And the aluminum will be dissolved by phosphoric acid. And you can buy phosphoric acid in the form of battery acid basically. So we tried to use that. We watched it for a while. It was pretty exciting because we mocked it and it didn't do anything. We thought maybe screaming at it like the little red bobs glue or whatever and make it angry. No, didn't work. That is something different. That was the hydrochloric acid low dose. It didn't do much. It's etching solution basically. That also did next to nothing. Well that's what made the little hole. Oh it did. But the hole was actually where you had scratched it. Yeah, I scratched it to prove that it really was a metal platter because you didn't believe me. Yeah, I didn't. So there's some more acid doing nothing. Nothing.  You're sitting in the Penn and Teller Theater looking at a slide of nothing happening. Just to be clear this is what Defconn's gone to right now. And you're laughing about it. Okay. Next. Awkward. If you ever feel like you've been had. That was when he came in the room. Keep going. So there's more of it. Not working. Also not in focus, but that's cool too. That's because I took that picture. I'm sure someone in this crowd is going to say, oh you guys did it totally wrong. We know this other thing that would have worked great. Fine.  Afterwards, and after we get around to what you can do for us later and what we'll do for you if you do something for us later, you can contact us.  You're so belligerent. I know. Wait till he gets drunk. He gets all cuddly. Speaking of that, it's your turn. Oh, is this? Oh, okay. Yeah, these are your boxing gloves. Awesome. It's running back and forth across the stage. He's our ball boy. I wondered where you went. Deviance the ball boy. Yes, there you go. So the idea with physical destruction was we were going to grind stuff down, hence the term physical destruction. We'll just kind of show a couple of videos here. So that's me. Shane's filming. That's why it's all jiggery like he's on meth. That's a hole saw designed to cut holes in sheetrock. That's not sheetrock. Yes, I am serious. Look, dude, we're in my garage. I'm like, what do I have? I got a hole saw. All right. That's a 3,000 RPM on my drill press and me pulling down and it's hot as it turns out.  Again, you're watching this video. It kind of scarred the surface and burned the wood underneath in case the hard drive was made of wood. We would have had massive success. Next thing we tried was a spade bit. Same basic premise. Drill press at 3,000 RPM. Using the right tool for the job. That's my motto. I'd like to point out we did have safety goggles on. Gloves, too. Gloves. Just in case something exploded. There's sparks. I got news for you. The sparks are not coming from the hard drive case. They're coming from the drill bit. So there's the drill bit. You'll see it. Oh, Shane's doing some math. Everything's cool. There it is. It's annealed and the points have been taken up. No, wait, wait. Come on. There we go. Yeah. It didn't look like that 30 seconds earlier. So, yeah, right tool for the job. Yeah. So we did try that just to prove that it would work. Because we were suspect of that whole process. We did drill an actual hole through the platter and then decided that this was all going to be a bad idea and it wouldn't work anyway. You know what we use? We use cobalt-tipped drill bits.  We discovered that non-reactive as our friend and our foe, cobalt. Come back, Zink. Come back. The five people that got like the Simpson season three reference. Yay! Yes. Thank you. We're all old. This is slightly more appropriate tool. This is a metal grinding disc designed to grind through metal at 3,000 RPM on a drill press. Again, wearing... I think I've given up on the gloves at this point. I've decided that nothing is going to fly off and rip my fingers off. There's a lot of smoke with this.  Absolutely really nothing happens. It scratched it really well. And that's about... Oh, and it burned the wood. There's a lot of smoke. It's kind of hard to pick up on this crappy meth-head camera, but... That's because it's not an iPhone. Oh. So why? You just burned yourself, man. That was...anyway. Brings up an issue. We did have time and size constraints and also cash. It's really hard to buy stuff at Home Depot that will make a hard drive go away. And that was kind of our deciding. We didn't want to have to get licenses for anything. And we didn't want to have to get overly exotic where I was spending tens of thousands of dollars to buy really expensive drills and things like that. So we decided to move on. And while we're sitting in Home Depot, literally in front of the toilet section, because we're examining all the chemicals that are in all the toilet unstoppable things to get all the poop out and try to see if anything in there might react with metal. They make a drain-o now that gets hot in the drain. It's cool. It comes in a box and a bag and it's got two parts.   Does that seem like a good idea to you? You really want to pour stuff into the innards of the house that you own that gets really hot and burns the hair off the inside of your pipes? If you do, please film it. So we're sitting there looking at the drain-o examining the contents of the drain-o and realizing it's all the same shit just different prices. And what we thought hey, what if we threw this stuff in some sort of ionic solution and ran a battery charge through it and maybe we could see if we could de-plate. So a real quick primer and this is later but there's two types of hard drive platters that we found out. And our dry manufacturers aren't really I'll say transparent about telling you what's in the hard drives that you buy. Some hard drives are ceramic which is basically glass and has a very thin layer of some polymer on top and then it's got the actual plating, the metallic plating of the drive and then underneath that it's basically clear glass. The other ones are some sort of aluminum alloy usually or some sort of metal alloy from those parts aluminum and other stuff. Those are not ceramic but they still have some sort of plating on them. So we thought hey, we're going to de-plate these critters. So what do we need? We need a power source. I like to think we use a Tesla coil but in reality we use a couple of car batteries. Some leads and so I told my son hey, go inside and get the salt. And I thought he'd come out like a Morton salt thing. No, I brought out the good salt grinder out the dining room table. Oh yeah. Good enough. Hey Shane, can you clean that off with some phosphoric acid? So here's what happened. We've got actually what you can see here is the hard drive de-plating around the negative electrode in the solution. And around the positive electrode it's de-plated a little bit. But we're able to move the electrode around and actually remove pretty much everything off of it. And when we're done, we can remove it from both sides and you can see straight through the drive. So that's pretty effective. And this is the first drive we cracked open and this is what we started playing with. This actually turns out to have been a problem. Because we spent a lot of time with the drive platters from that drive trying to understand how to make that go faster, how to be able to get the 60 seconds. And we're like well we need fluids that conduct electricity better and we need more juice and we need bigger electrodes. So we had 12 volts out of a what initially was a radio shack power DC power generator. So then we went with instead two car batteries and garden stakes and some jumper cables. So this is decidedly entering the realm of maybe not a good idea. Anyone ever welded with car batteries before? Yeah, you can do it. We were trying not to. Really hard. That's all that happens. So that we really thought like we like this is where I had the kids literally like in another school district like they were they had left the area. And we depleted it about the same rate that we depleted with a 13 volt 19 amp DC power supply from radio shack. So this was much more nerve racking and someone's going to say hey you should use larger.  You should use larger electrodes. We did. We actually ground one of those down on the grinding wheel and put it right on it and really didn't make that much of a difference. So so we play around, play around, play around. And we were trying to figure out ways to engineer like jamming electrodes in from the side and how to flood using its pumps how to flood the saline solution and all this stuff. We cracked open the next drive and I went to de-plate it just to prove that we could do it. And absolutely nothing happened. And we cracked up another drive and absolutely nothing happened. And we discovered that the only drive we had that was ceramic was the first one. And everyone else that we had was aluminum. So we had all these drive platters and the solution engineered and he came over with all these pumps and we're all excited because we're going to have this all done and no we're not. We were going to have an actual demo. Yeah we're not going to have any kind of demo at all. So they don't de-plate the same way. But what they do do, drink, is they don't have a proper propane belt. So we decided God bless it. Jesus.  So what we did is we took first we took propane and this will not be a surprise to anyone.  There it is. Propane and propane accessories. That's my Texas accent right there. It sounds like my normal voice because I can't do it. So this is a really shitty video. Off frame. I was looking at something else. Sorry. James was doing a line of coke for that one. So this will melt. I sped it up because it took about a minute and a half to do it. And it turns into a little melty blob of aluminum which shouldn't be surprising. What's interesting is the curry point which is the point at which the stuff that they use to plate the hard drives becomes non-magnetic. The curry point for the material that they use is about 800 degrees centigrade. So propane burns at about 2,000 centigrade. So in reality as much as that drive melted, well before it melted the surface temperature of the drive had reached the curry point and it was no longer magnetic.  The problem is it's not a very good demonstration. It's like watching crypto. Hey, we just reached the curry point. Yeah, it's really exciting when it gets to the curry point. I did that twice now. We're going to go for a third later. So what happened? So we tried to get spinning flying molten aluminum. That was actually a goal of ours. You could take a power supply out of a PC and plug in a hard drive and then if you short circuit the green wire to any black wire on the power supply, it's on and it will light up all the 12 and 5 volts power out of the power supply. So I had an old PC. I pulled it out and did that and it actually works. People done that before? It was a neat little trick. Green to black and you can just turn on the power supply. And so we went in and we took the top off a hard drive and then we took some propane torches. Several of them and held them down against the hard drive platter and nothing happened. And we waited and we waited and we waited. And about five minutes later we gave up. The drive is clearly hot. The heads had melted and we're like etching a little hole in it. But the hard drive was still spinning and nothing had melted. So the actual force of the 7200 RPM drive and the amount of time that's actually underneath the flame it cools very rapidly. The flame doesn't really have the ability to hit the surface of the platter to the ground effect of the spinning platter.  That would be really cool. It didn't happen. So what did we go for next? We went for map gas. Anyone ever use map gas? People were like, yeah, that shit's hot.  That didn't get a goddamn thing.  Because it wasn't funny. It's a thousand degree centigrade hotter than propane. What's cute is it's not made in North America anymore and you can't buy it. You can buy map replacements that are basically like it but it's basically settling mixed in with some other good stuff and it burns hot very efficiently. But the only plant that made it shut down in 2008. And the stuff that we had fell off the back of a truck. That's what my neighbor said.  I don't want to even know like how you got this stuff. But this is what never mind. I'm not even going to go there. Someone go get priest. It sounds like your garage. Oh I thought you meant like you could hear acoustically like it sounds like. Is that my Mazda? Shane kept asking why you playing this heroin music. Apparently it wasn't fast enough for the method he was doing. So we decided we're going to hit this thing with map gas. Unsurprisingly when we speed it up it's actually a lot faster. Did you just say that? Yeah.  And actually it goes really fast. Now Shane is really swinging out here. It turns into a slag pile of aluminum. It really just destroyed.  By the heads there's plastic that's melted all over it. All the solder smokes up at once. I also like how the video is upside down. This is. Yeah. Anyway we ran out of map gas. So the map that fell off the truck was all gone. So Madame Curie uses Sarah Palin. See it shows up fine. This was him. I think he photoshopped it himself. No you betcha. So the idea that we came up with and I'm looking really excited about doing this was a fixing a glow plug for like a motorbike to the end of a propane torch and then use a servo to open said propane torch and then lighting the propane torch remotely with an Arduino and an ethernet connection. By God the most difficult way ever to light a propane torch. Yeah. There was a lot of effort that went in to you know code stepping the servo and everything and it was like oh this is going to be awesome and I said I don't know how this is going to work but okay.  This isn't going to work I give up. I do want to finish this though because I'd actually like because you had to sit through this talk for you to be able to go to a website and click a button and turn a propane torch on and off in my house. I'm going to put it in the middle of the fire place for safety and just watch it and watch the propane torch turn on and off. I think that sounds like a good time. It sounds like an appropriate way to end the talk. So ultimately we kind of ran out of time. The glow plug did not reliably light. I put some big capacitors on it was spark and created basically a spark plug over the top of the propane torch and that worked periodically as well but I didn't have access to really big caps. So it's not it honestly for the Arduino code that will give you will release it's like 40 lines of code to light the servo up and spark gap the thing and basically weaponize propane torch because that's what everybody wants to do. Conveniently that's legal. I don't know what he did whatever. So it's going to mount from the top, sprayed in, it's not complicated.  We're going to do it mind storms actually. Teachable moments. Most drives we found were aluminum. PS3 drives are ceramic and other what other ones were ceramic?  But they're one of the bigger manufacturers of ceramic platters in Japan. So I know that they supply the PS3 drives. We'll see what else that they do. So what? Hitachi. It wasn't people that make the platters. It's not people make the drives. Totally different separate organizations. Learn about supply chains. It'll be great for you. Not nearly belligerent. You'll notice something when we had the map gas on that platter. The dry platter melted but the freaking case didn't. Cases are really resilient. Top and bottom. Like hard drives are hard. That's really what I learned. Like the name is appropriate. The summarize. Woodworking tools. This is a surprising one. Don't far well against metal. What's up on the time? I was having a little antenna making event at my house. No, that's not a euphemism. And we were making Yagi antennas. People made Yagi antennas out of like threaded rod and copper pipe and washers before. Yeah. Okay. Just humor me. Yeah. It's not complicated. You set a washer like an inch and a quarter apart separated by copper tubing over this threaded rod and you stick it into like a PVC thing with an antenna and connector in the bottom and you have yourself a homemade Yagi of some arbitrary gain sometimes lost depending on how bad a job you did it. So I had five or six people in my shed. This is my shed when I lived in Virginia which looked a lot worse than my garage and had a lot of sawdust in it. And we were all cutting these parts and I assigned this one guy. I'm like, hey, dude, the bandsaw, you need to swap out the blade and the bandsaw to the metal one and then cut the all thread, the threaded rod to like 15 inch segments. He says, okay. And so he's got gloves on safety. And when I said metal saw blade, he just actually thought, you know what? I'm just going to put on a metal saw blade as if a saw blade would be made of something other than metal. So he grabbed one and he put it on and admirably actually got it aligned and everything. And then he started pushing this thing against it. And like a minute later, I look over, there's sparks flying everywhere. And he hasn't even made his first cut.  So I walk over and I grab that threaded rod with both hands. It was hot.  And I had the flavor seared in 10. I'm on it, man. I appreciate it.  He didn't learn his lesson at all. Actually, my flavor's always seared in. That's kind of what the hell that's that's not even funny. If you looked at the saw blade when he was done, it was a sine wave like it was he totally annihilated. It was for wood. It was not for metal. Metal also gets hot when flames applied. There were at least a number of times, Jane gets into this in a minute that I grabbed something that had moments earlier had a flame applied to it for like five minutes. And I'm like, oh, shiny. And I grabbed it. And then I would say, damn, it's still hot. And then conveniently the pizza showed up later and the pizza guy handed me the pizza and just thought he said, damn, it's still hot. The platter, if you scratch it first, the acids are moderately effective. But they do still the ones we were using that we got, you know, again, retail going to your local suburbia, you know, wasteland and buying stuff. It burned through really slowly. Aluminums crystallize at a curvy point when they hit about 800. They're nuked. Glove plugs get hot if they don't even glow. If you apply current to something and it gets hot, it doesn't necessarily have to be red hot to be hot, you know, like everything you ever put on the stove, you know, pans, they're hot, but they're not red. It didn't really dawn on me when I'd been applying to a current, to a glow plug for a while, then I grabbed it and seared the flavor in it. That's still hot. Fun facts. Now it's still hot. She kept asking, do you think we should put some safety goggles on for this? And I'm like, ah, yes, yes, I think it's a good idea. Although, well, it was really funny. We didn't put it in. He was trying to pipette. Fancy term. Pipette, give me a definition. Finger over the straw. Yeah, like a year drive.  In this case, it was battery acid. Yeah, and he's got battery acid. And so he's trying to pipette it with like a little tiny hose.  Dishwashing gloves. I'll call them dishwashing gloves. Not what I'd use them for, but that's what I said. Pleasure gloves. And they had like little corrugations on the end of it.  And like now we have battery acid like running all over the table. And he's like trying to do it faster. There's battery acid going everywhere.  And he picks it up and just pours it in. There we go. So when he gets frustrated, his sense of risk aversion kind of changes. So just a little the not, not against the HOA rules to blow stuff up. I actually live one lot over from a homeowners association so I can park the pinto in my front yard and no one can say shit to me which is great. I hit, wow. So my, I, we hit the hard drive platters with a 12 pound sledge repeatedly to see if we could get them to cleave especially after like we figured maybe they're brittle after we, we, we lit them up really hot and they cool rapidly. It might have tempered the aluminum. No it didn't. And conveniently I hit it with a hammer very, very loudly outside. And then my car alarm went off for a completely disjoint reason. And my wife actually called down and said, is everything okay? Because that sounded like an explosion. I'm like, no, no, no. Keep in mind she called. Yeah. It wasn't actually worth coming out of the house. Like if I didn't answer, then maybe, you know. So here's the kicker. We failed. We failed in a big gnarly nasty way.  Awesome! That's what Defconn Friday's all about. Yeah, one person's excited. The rest of you like, we're going to beat them up in the alley later. We're going to get Lawrence Fishburne and we're going to redo that scene from 21. Yeah, that's you. So here's the deal though. The first person that makes a device that meets the challenge requirements that we have and does not harm themselves or sue us, will get free access to Dishmook on 2011. 2012, 2012, sorry. Not in the past. I don't have my time machine handy. We like to think that you've learned something from this. At the end of the day, one of the things we wanted to underscore is how valuable the information on your hard drive really is. And some of the drive destruction standards that we looked at aren't the most recent things in the world and there's been very large advances on how bits are stored in hard drives, the density of the bits in the drives, materials that are used and things like that. And so the cute ways that we destroy hard drives and try to overwrite, somebody said, I saw on Twitter they were trying to securely erase their hard drive and it was like a half a terabyte drive and they were going on hour 36. Wow. Seriously? Curie point. Like take out the propane torch, hold it there for five minutes, 800 degrees, your drive's done, you don't need to worry about it, throw it in the trash, hand it to some random stranger and say take it, it's dead. We really need to examine how we destroy data. I mean, there's lots of people that don't, but people in this room are smart enough to. And we like to find ways to do it in more assured fashions that are maybe non-conventional. So if you're interested in learning, we can give you more details about what we did. We're happy to provide you with more technical details. We are not liable for anything that you may do. And we actively encourage you not to break the law when you do this. And also, this is not to get away from the law. So anyone live in central Maryland, major D.C. area? Yeah, probably, but you don't like to admit it. The Montgomery County, the guy that runs Montgomery County in the D.C. area, he was kind of corrupt. He was taking lots of bribes and things under the table. And the feds had been onto him for a while. His wife was involved, some council people, a lot of local contractors, that kind of thing. They had his house bugged and they decided that they were going to finally have enough evidence and they were going to go arrest him. And they found out, the guy found out because the cops had showed up at his office trying to arrest him and he wasn't there. And he found out that they were coming to his house. So he had his house bugged and things came out in the bug like, hey honey, stuff $50,000 in cash in your panties and flush all the checks down the toilet. Okay? This is recorded for posterity, plus she had $50,000 stuffed in her crotch. So, cut. Yeah, yeah, I said. It was in ones. They were reenacting that scene from 21. Jesus. It turns out that usually by the time they're coming to get you, they already know that they have their case one.  Like deal with the judicial system, don't delete data for evidence and things like that. That's bad. We're not encouraging that. We're looking at doing this strictly for, hey, there are bad guys out there. And we know pretty well this day and age that the bad guy problem is real. And we'd like to make sure data gets destroyed appropriately, even under large situations of duress. So that's that. Real quick, once again. Cycle override already went over this. So did anyone here actually go on the ride? No, yes. One guy. Yes. Thank you, sir. One. You OK today? You survived? All right. Yeah. Excellent. I encourage anyone who is able to bike come out next year. And like I said, we'll be doing.  I'm not even saying important guys like. Jesus. Really? Oh. So in summary, go sign up for Hack Fortress and go ride a bike. And there you go. Anyway, that's it. Thanks, folks.


The abductors of passengers on the train have released another video where the victims were being flunked by the terrorist. The managing director of the Bank of the Agriculture, Al-Won-Hosun, was the first to be released after reportedly paying a 100 million Naira ransom on April the 7th. Seventy-five days after the incident, the terrorists released 11 persons held in captivity. However, on July 9, 7 of the victims were later released after reportedly paying 800 million Naira ransom. The remaining 43 victims were told to pay 100 million Naira to secure the release of their loved ones. In the two-minute video, 50 seconds or two-minute-50 seconds video, the male victims were crying as they were being flunked by the terrorists. They called on the federal government to pay off the demanded ransom. They also called on the international community and the United Nations to come to their rescue. Meanwhile, one of the terrorists in the video vowed to abduct the president, Muhammad Buhari and the governor of Kaduna State, Nasir El-Rafai, in other prominent Nigerians and destabilized the country if their demands are not met. Meantime, the presidency has issued a statement on a recent video by terrorists threatening President Muhammad Buhari and flogging kidnapped train passengers. Several passengers were kidnapped by terrorists after an attack on the Abu Jair Kaduna train a few months ago. On Saturday, the terrorist released a video threatening the president and the Kaduna State governor Nasir El-Rafai and flogging the kidnapped victims. Reacting to the development via a statement on Sunday evening signed by the presidential media aide Garba Shehu, the presidency described the video as propaganda, other than that security agencies were on top of the matter. The presidency said, quote, the president has done all and even more than what is expected of him as commander-in-chief by way of moral, material and equipment support, that the military and expect nothing short of good results in the immediate end of court. Meantime, families of kidnapped passengers of the AK-9th Abu Jair Kaduna train have announced plans to embark on the protests tomorrow in Abu Jair. They said they can no longer cope with the silence of the federal government and security agencies. Though the exact location of the proposed protests is unknown, they said they would occupy government facilities to drive home their point. According to some family members, the ear treatment of their loved ones and the perceived silence by the relevant authorities necessitated their decision to embark on the protests. They also said the latest video by the terrorists has thrown them into shock. The victims were kidnapped and marched to 28 after an attack on the Kaduna-bound train. Now one of the family members, Evelyn Assyribo, whose husband is among the victims, said she and her children are in pain. Also the coalition of Northern groups, CNG has expressed worry over the plight of kidnapped train passengers and urged the government to rescue them. Immediately, the CNG fled the latest tourist in Nigeria's security situation, which it said has exposed the failure on the part of the government to check growing national threats. The spokesman of the group, Abdulaziz Sulaiman said, in the face of the latest development, Nigerians would be right to resort to self-protection because the bandit and insurgent have sensed a huge vacuum in the capacity and political will to challenge them. Hello. Hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


an unusual filming location in this one at these sand dunes as you may know I do like a good sand dune as you've probably seen in my other videos or on my Instagram as well I'm from in Wales in the United Kingdom we actually have the second biggest sand dune in Europe there's not so much like the sand dunes here we do have sand dunes like this as well but the one in Wales the second biggest one is just like a mountain of sand that's covered by a lot of grass so you can't really see it so much yeah that's meant to be the second biggest one in Europe and it is very big it takes a while to walk to the top of it but I did manage to do that as well I walked to the top of the second biggest sand dune in Europe back in my country in Wales let's get into the topic of this video today which is when the narcissist knows you're on to them. Yes, when you're beginning to catch on, you're starting to figure them out telling you that when that happens when you're beginning to figure out that narcissist what they're doing they're going to become very cautious around you they've never seen them acting this way before they will become such they can to avoid revealing anything maybe a favourable form up to you because you're already beginning to catch on and figure them out they don't want to reveal anything more because they fear the threat of rejection abandonment and of course exposure as well the terrified of being exposed because their false image of reputation is everything to them all they have is their false self the image the illusion and they need people to validate it but if you reject or abandon them and you pose as a threat to their false image and that's going to put them at risk and it'll cause them to lose all of their sources of supply that is why typically as a last resort what they will then do already spearheading against you and enforce their flying monkeys in the hopes that it will save face that it will prevent them from being exposed or even if you try to expose them no one's really going to believe your story because they've already believed a bunch so that's what it really is for them it's all just about their false image and their reputation they have an excessive need for attention admiration and validation they need people to support the false self the false image the illusion very different to someone who's a little higher on the spectrum yes they're on it let's do this there is a spectrum of narcissism you got like the lower level nox not very intelligent they really know what they're doing after time to be honest that's how they're doing you got the mid range you got the higher the upper narcissist then you go more into the malignant we know exactly what they're doing they understand the effects it's having on you you find pleasure at your pain and they may have some level of intelligence there as well it's where they can be very cognitive a lot of the things they do it's thought out as planned as predetermined and then the malignant narcissist and even when you go even higher up the spectrum into the sociopathy they're still very concerned about their image their reputation that's everything to them that's why when they fear abandonment or be exposed they will become more covert try to hide it once you go to the highest part of the spectrum of narcissism you go from the lower end of the narcissist to the mid range the upper higher range but like then the sociopaths and then finally you get to the psychopaths in all honesty most of them they don't really give a shit about their image their reputation that doesn't really mean much to them they kind of give it down if everyone turns against them if no one likes them that's fine with them maybe most of them they spend most of their lives alone anyway by their own choice so they're not really bothered about that if anything they just see it as though that's more power to them that's what makes them far more dangerous because at least with everyone else who's lower on the spectrum including the malignant narcissist, the sociopath they're at a much lower level than the psychopath those types of narcissists they're very concerned about their image their reputation so certain things they're not going to do they're not going to put their image, their reputation on the line they're not going to risk it all but I can tell you a psychopath will I mean there's really no telling what they might do especially the higher range of psychopaths they can even go out and kill someone they can go at a kill and rampage many of them are serial killers as we know so yeah they can be very dangerous even though when a psychopath knows that you're onto them they may not seem particularly angry or distressed about it I mean they don't tend to feel any fear but even then they can really catch a person off guard I mean it may look like they don't even care and then in the next moments there's no telling what they might do it's like you never know what they're going to do next there can be a completely different person from one moment to the next in one moment they can be smiling and laughing just joking around in the next moment who knows what they might do the gas for everyone else who's lower on the spectrum these types of knocks their false image is everything to them it's the only thing that really matters it's the only thing they've got the only thing that makes them feel like they are something that worth something so they're going to hold on to that for their lives and if they feel like you're threatening that image then they are going to come after you and they're not going to be able to leave you alone because their entire identity revolves around how other people perceive them especially if you're the one person in that situation who doesn't validate it and you see them differently to how everyone else sees them and that's going to pose as a serious threat to them and they will see it as though they've got to manage your perception they've got to indoctrate you and get you back into their control so that you don't spread well as they see it the disease because to them it's like this infection they don't want you to contaminate other people with the truth because everyone else is blinded they don't really see what's going on they may not really understand what they're dealing with with an narcissist because as I said they are very preoccupied and focused on their false image and I like the psychopath who just can't really give a shit I mean if you injure a psychopath if they feel hurt by something you've done they will go all out to destroy you especially the highest spectrum psychopath that's the kind of person who will just even just attack you on the street in front of everyone without any fear of being arrested going to jail for the rest of their lives but luckily it's very unlikely that many of you are dealing with a psychopath I mean that's only 1% of the population that's about as rare as an empath if not more and then of course there are levels to the psychopath as well the lower range psychopaths are not killers they're not murderers they're not rapists, they're nothing like that that's more the higher end those are the ones where they can literally do anything there is no telling what they might do and pretty much anything they do is still supplying they just see it as though that gives them power over you it's not something where they ever feel bad about it or they feel scared that they might get into trouble they're never thinking that way and in fact a lot of their crimes, a lot of the moral things they do to them those are achievements and it doesn't matter what you think it doesn't matter even if you expose a psychopath to everyone they're going to still see it as though it's you and they have power over you because of the things they've done their achievements so with a psychopath there's really no where and with them they always feel like they have the last laugh in the end even if you manage to get them arrested they get caught out and they go to jail for the rest of their lives I can guarantee you that even in prison especially the high-spectrum psychopath they're just still laughing until the very end joking about it with their inmates bragging and boasting about their crimes which they see as their achievements and believe it or not but they're probably actually having a great time in there too sorry to say that but that is the reality when we're talking about psychopaths that is how it is there is never a time where they feel bad, they feel regret or they feel like they did something wrong and then they feel sad, they feel depressed it just doesn't happen with them I mean there might be that brief window as it is with an narcissist but it doesn't last long even when they're alone, isolated in prison with no support they're still just laughing until the very end regardless of what you've got on them, what you've done to them as for the narcissist, it's so easy to get to them to irritate them, to scare them to make them afraid because their image is everything to them so their image becomes their weakness because of course they've got to hold on to it for their lives but as for us when they try to expose us and they run a smear campaign on us the best thing you can do is just let it go and not care what other people think because as soon as you do that, you are the one with the power the person who cares the most about what other people think they are the ones with the least power in that situation because they're so worried about what people think about them they can't even really be themselves they can't even think for themselves or do what they want to do everything's just where they're thinking about other people first and that's why it's really, if you just let it all go you are the one with the power in that situation even when they run a smear campaign on you it can already really affect you as with anything in life anything a narcissist does or anyone does to anyone these things can only affect you if you care if you don't even care then how can it affect you you've got to care about it first and it's the same thing with these smear campaigns if you just don't even care about them you don't even care about the people you know that all the people are fake what difference does it make to you? it only makes a difference to your life if you care if you don't care then there's no harm done it doesn't matter so that's really my advice for you if you are your own type of narcissist and then they've beaten you to the punch if you run a smear campaign against you just care less I mean you've got to look at it like what difference does it make when you deal with nox you can care as much as you want it's not going to change anything it's going to affect you because they don't really care but then they do care about their image of course the reputation so as soon as you just stop caring you take back your power because that's all they really want from you is to care and to fear some form of loss but yeah when you're on to them I can put you in a very difficult and dangerous situation you do need to be very careful although they may also be walking on eggshells around you and afraid of exposing themselves even more than they already have it could go either way really I mean you may see them just trying to hold on to that mask as much as they can so that you don't see the real of them and expose it or they may just think you've already seen me if you're going to expose me you're going to do it so they may just rip off their mask completely and show you exactly who they are in an attempt to fear to provoke fear in you and intimidate you to try and get you under their control as a means of preventing you from exposing them if you're too afraid to do it so it could go either way I mean the best thing you could hope for really is that they do just try to keep their mask on and prevent themselves from exposing themselves to give it in the future if it goes that way then you should be alright especially if they don't run the smear campaign against you and then you can just go and continue with your life forget about them a lot of times they will try to come back they will try to run the smear campaign as well so you do need to be aware of that you do need to be very careful be very careful about what you can find of them and the information that you reveal to them because they are taking notes they're keeping all of this information in their back pocket to use against you at a later date they will weaponize any information that you give to them that will later become a weapon that they use against you you cannot trust them with anything so yeah when you're on to an arsacist it's usually not the end it doesn't mean that you've caught them out about all of their shenanigans stop it's typically the beginning of something else where it all starts again which may not be what a lot of you want to hear but yeah I mean the best thing you can do is just avoid them cut ties, go to contact especially if you're not married if you have children if you fear them do you think they may be dangerous just try and move away if you can change your phone numbers your social media everything make it difficult for them to contact you or to find you so that you can then just move on and just live your life so yeah I hope this this information is helpful for you you do need to be very careful when you are on to them if you see it's a threat to their image it can put you at risk so even if you are on to them you don't want to let them know don't confront them that's not going to change anything if you're confronting an arsacist it's not like confronting a normal person they're not just going to be like oh right I see I understand so I've done this wrong all of this is bad I need to change this I need to improve it they're not going to think that way they're just going to look at it like oh so you're saying I'm bad I'm wrong and then they're going to fear the threat of exposure so they're just going to try to beat you to the punch expose you first I've spread all of these lies and rumors about you so that they can discredit you and then your opinions, your experiences of them don't hold any weight so you are wasting your time confronting them nothing's going to change if anything by doing that it will just get worse keep that information to yourself keep a record of it document everything if you decide to take it to the police or go to court that's up to you I can't give too much information about that of course I recommend speaking to a lawyer but in most cases Robert Roth just leaving them alone walking away staying quiet because remember their false image their reputation these things are far more important to them than they are to any of us I mean we don't really care about fake things as much as they do to them it's everything it's all they've got to be willing to do a lot more than what we might be willing to do to save their image or to elevate their social position because it means that much more to them that's why whereas for us we could just walk away we're not really that bothered about it because these kind of things like our social status our image these things aren't really that important to us I mean if it was then we'd probably have a much better chance at fitting that our success at their game that they're trying to play but the reason why it doesn't usually work out that way with most empaths it's because we just don't really care that much about it it's not really that important to us as it is to them all of this fake stuff this fake life fake people fake love just means so much more to them because that's all they really got so yeah anyway I hope this was helpful to you if it was you can give it a thumbs up down below very important that you do that it will only take you two seconds but it will most definitely help to get this message out there to other survivors as well let me know what you think about this video in the comments below hit the subscribe button and click all notifications so that you will be notified when I upload a video to book a one-on-one go to my website it is narcsurvivor.co.uk and you can follow me on Instagram it's Narc Survival YouTube thank you all for joining me on another Narc Survival Live video live from these sand dunes in Tottori, Japan there may be another live video later today so keep an eye out for that until then you all have a great day


Six best colors that increase website sales. Highest converting colors. Colors, can you believe it? Colors actually affect people. They affect people in some pretty strong ways too. They can change the way hot chocolate tastes, what? They can actually change our heart rate by looking at certain colors. Certain colors can make us stronger and actually faster. So can they convert people on your website? You bet they can. In this video, I'm gonna reveal the six best colors for your website, why they work, the science behind it, and how you can use it to increase your sales on your website. And we're gonna start right now. But before we start, don't forget to subscribe. Hit that subscribe button down there. Turn it from red to gray and ring the bell. Turn on all bell notifications so you're notified each and every time I go live or I upload a video. Don't forget to give me a thumbs up too. I would really appreciate that. And you have room for comments below, so make sure you make use of that. Now let's get into this color thing. I wanna put a graphic up on the screen real quick here and show you something. Obviously each of these colors is a two-edged sword. It's easy for blue to come off as cold or red to scare folks off, right? But done right, color can be leveraged to affect customer conversions. When polled, customers said that colors affect their buying decision 85% of the time, and 66% of consumers said they would not buy a product unless it came in a color that they actually liked. And speaking of colors, can they actually be predicted? Well, in a word, yes. And I wanna put a chart up on the screen just to kinda show you. It's not an exact science, but it's pretty darn good. People choose colors based on how they feel at the time, though, and there are some constant trends. If certain moods can make us think certain colors, the opposite is also true. Colors can trigger changes in your actual mood. Here, I wanna put this other chart up here real quick. Take a look at this. This means that we can use our website design elements to actually trigger emotional changes in our visitors' increasing conversions. In addition to that, colors can strongly affect how a business is seen by visitors and customers. Colors contribute best to conversions when they reinforce a brand personality. So it's kind of a tightrope. So the right colors can actually increase your conversions and the wrong colors can actually cost you sales. So how do we know which colors to use? That's what we're gonna get into right now. So the first color we wanna use on our website is red. Red, yeah. In a study conducted in 2005 by the University of Durham, they found that athletes that wore red would more often than not beat their competitors. Just wearing the color red, I don't know, maybe it was intimidating to the other people. Maybe it made the person wearing red perform better. I don't know, but it was a fact that the athletes that wore red won more often. Now, red can be associated with urgency, danger, power, and if you're thinking at this point, well, I've gotta be really careful how I use red, you're absolutely right. You do have to be careful. However, you should absolutely use it because it does increase conversions. Now, I think absolutely every brick and mortar store ever, ever, ever has used a red sale sign. Red sale signs are just synonymous. Red and sale sign. We know what it means. The color almost tells us what to do and that is to buy something. They have figured out that red is more associated with impulse type purchases. So if you're building a page, a landing page, sales page, whatever, having a red buy button can prove very effective to you in gaining more conversions. Now, check out this graphic on the screen here. When HubSpot AB tested a CTA button color for performable, red out converted green by 21%. That's amazing. Red seems to perform best across the board. If you look at all the colors here, buy, add to cart button distribution, a top 100 Alexa shopping global, it shows that 20% were red. Number two color is blue. Now, blue has been proven to instill a calm, a tranquility, a trust type color. And that's why you'll see a lot of financial institutions or insurance companies using the color blue. If you've got big ticket items, you may want to use the color blue for backgrounds. Reason being is it calms anxiety. It does just the opposite of red, which is supposed to excite somebody. Now, this calming effect may actually increase your sales, but not necessarily having a blue buy button to actually use the color blue. Now, let's check out this visual from PayPal so you can kind of see it here. It says from everyday purchases to running a business, people around the world rely on us to pay and get paid. So it's a more calming thing. Most financial and insurance sites will use blue, lighter blues, because they give a sense of freedom and security, while darker blues are more associated with tradition, seriousness, and intelligence. PayPal makes hay with both, while other financial services sites go with royal and navy blues for their association with sober security. So where do you use blue? Well, you would use it where you want to instill security and safeness and trust. And they also work really good with white backgrounds. Blue and yellow actually work very well together, and they are said to be the most readable text by doing that. Green is the next color I want you to use, and that's number three, green. Green associates itself with organic and natural and healing, that type of thing. So if you have that type of business, green could be really good for you. Check out this graphic for a yoga studio here. In this yoga studio, particularly environmentally friendly, maybe, probably, it just appeals to people who regard that as a positive. They even say green can make you more creative. I don't know about that, but you can use it for sales. I want to show you an example on the screen. Now this is a ad for this particular company, and it was an apparel company called Ripped, and they had a black buy button which you're seeing right there. Now they change that button to a green one, and guess what happened? Sales went up 6.3% just by changing the color of that button. Where could you see it in action? Well, computing giant Dell seems to be reading this article. On their product pages, they use blue for reliability and intelligence with a red offer banner to make me feel like it's urgent that I click now. And when you click on that banner, this is the page that you're taken to, and as you can see, all those buttons are green. Now green came in second as far as conversions to red. Red was at 20%, green was at 19. Now according to this chart, they actually were tied hand in hand by ad to cart button color distribution, and they said that red and green were both at 21%. The next color up, number four that you should use is purple, purple. Purple has an air of royalty. It has a air of a high class. As a matter of fact, many, many years ago, certain people were forbidden from wearing purple because it only was suitable for the very wealthy. Now, some people still wear purple. Let's take a look at a chart, men versus women, on how they wear purple. Now, if you look at this chart right here, you're gonna see it's in the top three for women, and if you look at the bottom here, it's at the bottom three for men, so they're not really into purple much, but if you like it, it's certainly something you could use and you can incorporate on your website if you're trying to come across as that royal, that top-in, that VIP-type customer. Purple is a bright color and it's a complementary color. Don't make your site purple and green. I don't suggest that. However, you may wanna incorporate it if it matches what you're trying to do with your branding. And with all colors, understand the shade and the tint of that color can make a huge difference, so you may wanna experiment with that a little bit too. Now, you wouldn't think that black would be the next one, but it is, black is number five, and you wouldn't think it would be used that much on websites, and it isn't, except for certain websites. Rolls Royce uses it, Lamborghini uses it, Rutgers uses it. It has a air of a VIP-type color, but it has to be used sparingly. Now, black is not really good for call-to-action buttons. However, black and white can make a site look really crisp and clean. Here's a website called Squarespace, and they've used it, I think, as well as it can be used. They have the black background, and if you notice, they have the white button that really, really stands out. On the lighter-colored backgrounds, you can see what it looks like here on this particular website. On its once again, Squarespace, they've used a black button there on a kind of a pink background, and it does stand out. Now, let's check out the high-end luxury brand of Rolls Royce, let's check that out. So here's the Rolls Royce website here. It says the House of Rolls Royce, pretty impressive. Now, there's a rum brand that uses black and gold, I think the best I've seen it, check this out. You can see here that brand Don Q gets some mileage out of this black tube by pairing it with gold, and a line of copy aimed at young men who want to be sophisticated, right? There's no such thing as formal cargo shorts. Okay, it's pretty funny. Where should you use it? If you're not selling luxury cars, use black sparingly, but it can be an effective color as an element, even on a light-colored website. And the last color you wanna consider for your website is orange. Now, orange is not that heart palpitating red color, but it kinda plays the balance because if you take a really light red on your site, it doesn't show up that well, and sometimes a bright red can be too strong, so orange can be a really cool way to go. Now, you'll notice on a lot of websites, they will use orange because it does stand out very well. They'll use it for call-to-action buttons and opt-in buttons and download buttons. It's a great color for that. Here's an example from Penguin Random House, and you can see how they use the orange here. It says, sign me up for news about Maryland Singer and more from Penguin Random House, and it really does stand out. Here's another example where they've combined orange and blue. I see this a lot with insurance companies, a lot with my landing pages. I use the blue and orange a whole lot, too, but check this out, that really stands out. It says, publish your passions, your way. Create a unique and beautiful blog. It's easy and free. Create your blog. The sign-up button stays orange because it looks bright, legible, and coherent against all those other different backgrounds. So as you can see, there are six colors that you should incorporate on your website. Depending on what you're trying to do, just think that out. What message do I want to get across? What do I want my brand to represent? What do I want these people to do? And then you'll know exactly where to put the color. You can go back to this video, watch the description of each color, and design your website. That simple are your sales pages for your landing pages or anything. You got to use these colors. They're awesome for the internet. Thank you so much for listening to this video. Don't forget to subscribe if you haven't done so. Turn that red button into gray. Yeah, it's a color thing. And don't forget to ring the bell. Turn all bell notifications so you're notified each and every single time I go live. I also have a free course below. You can click and learn, and it's absolutely free. Also, there's a link down there to Cartra. If you're marketing online, I wholeheartedly suggest that you use Cartra. It's one of the best marketing tools out there. If you click my link, you don't need to put in an email. You don't need a credit card. It will take you to a video that you can watch and you can see all the wonderful things that Cartra does. If you are interested in Cartra, which I know you will be if you're selling online, once you watch that video, you won't be able to resist. Go ahead, watch the video, see what happens. Then you can get Cartra for only a dollar trial. So check it out. Thanks so much for watching the video. I really appreciate it. Put your comments below. Put your questions below. Get a conversation started with me. I'll talk to you real soon. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


Hi, my name is Hans, I'm your community manager here at Superoffice. In your daily work with Superoffice, you might come across situations where you need some inspiration or actually learn some tips and tricks on how to do specific things. For this we've created a community, I'm going to show you how you reach the community and it's actually right there at your fingertips inside the Superoffice solution. Come on over and we'll look at it. So let's go into the community from your Superoffice. Choose help and there it is right at your fingertips. Here you can see lots of articles, lots of tips and easy how to get started guides. You can see what's happening and you have access to support and other interesting stuff. Take a look and we're happy to get your feedback on it. Now I just showed you how you can find the community from your computer. I'm going to show you now how you find it on your smartphone. To access the community from your mobile device, just add the URL, press go like that and here it is. You can browse down, find your favorite piece of content and if you want to have an easy access next time, you just pin it to your mobile device. Add the home screen like that, save it and you're ready to go. Next time you click on the icon and we're back in. Now you know how to get to the community both from your computer and from your mobile device. Use it, share it and good luck with your business. Bye.


Gary, ychydig yw Llyfrgell? Ond yna ydy, mae'r ffrosbydd eich tynnu ar y dyfodol. Ac mae'n gwneud hynny, ac roeddwn ni'n credu i'r ffafodol, ond gallwn ni'n ddod o'r ffordd yma, ond mae'n ffordd yna yn ddigonio, ond mae'n ddod o'r ddyrgwyl gyfo bwynt. Yn o'n ddiddur i'r ddod? Mae'r fan yn y f aid. Rwy'n dod yn dod, yw'r fan yn fyw, yn ddiddordeb, ac yn bryd o'n rendin o'r wair. Mae'r fan yn eu gyd yn gyda'r wneud? Mae'r fan yn ddiolch yn ei wneud. Mae'r fan yn bryd o'r wneud yw'n clywed am blynyddoedd. Mae'r fan yn cael ein sy'n bryd o'r mwyn nesaf. Mae'ny'n ddiddordeb eich ffordd o'r wneud yn bryd o'r wneud o'r wneud. Mae'n ddiddordeb eich ffordd o'r wneud i gael oed. Felly, Jordan Gibson yn ddechrau'r ystyried ein ei gael ar y cyflodd. Matty Parman yn ddweud y ffordd ffrwg lleidiaethau iawn, a yna'n gweithio'r ffordd, ond mae gennych yn ysgletig o'u gweld, ond mae'n yn olygu'r ffordd, ac mae gennym eich sgadol yn unig, Maen nhw'n gwneud a fyddio'r ddweud oherwydd. Rydym yn ddweud yn ddau'r ddweud yn ein bod nhw er mwyn rhai fod yma bod ardei. Roedd yna'r adonledd yn meddwl i'r rhai. So rall hynny, mae'n amlach chi wedi'i meddyl â'r Dylem yrkerr ac ym Mhall? A'r meddwl gyda, byddwn i'n meddwl i'n meddwl. Mae'n meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl ym hwnnw yn ein sGwad. Mae'n meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl. Jw'n mynd i'w ddod i'w zoes ar gyfyswyr bod hyn. Rwy'r iawn i'w beth, a'i put yn ddiolch yn arribi hwnnw. Ac anwb i chi'n gofyn i'w dweud Hary i dd��io i ddweud, ond rwy'n gweithi'n gweithio'n ddechrau a'i pobl anhwy. Ond yn cyflogol, i'n cefnod'r rydym yn ysbyt. I'w arddangos i'w gweld, yn ddylchol, ac wedi cael ei ddweud, ac yna fe mwyn trry, ac mae hynny'n gweithio esoise. Felly, rwy'n gilydd y cwylio'r ddweud iawn, mae wedi gwybod arall yn cyfrifio'r squad, ac yn ôl yma. A ydy'n gofio arall a'r gyflawn o'r cyfrifio'n gweithgail, ac mae'n gwneud fynd i'r cyfrifio? Mae'n gwneud hynny'n gwneud am ymddangosodd yn ei wneud, ac yn rhoi'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio'n gwneud, mae'r fan yw'r cyfrifio'n gwneud. Mae'r cyfrifio'n gwneud gael y rhan oherwydd hynny'n gwneud. Yn cyfnod y gallwn yma ymlaen, cyd-dyn nhw wedi'i gwneud yn ysgwad yn cael y cyfnod yma, rwy'n deimlo gweithio'n gofyn o'n cwrs ar hynny, ac mae'r cyfnod yma yma yn teimlo. Rwy'n deimlo yn credu'n gynnwys yma, ac mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n cyfnod i'r gweithio, ar y cwrs, a gennym ni'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae'r ymarferol yn y cyfnod o'r cyd-ynghylch yn gyntaf. Mae'r cyfnodion sydd ein bod yn wir Balladau. A'n rhaid i sicrhau am y sefyll â hyn. Mae hyn yr hyn yn gwneud grwp hwn o'r rhoi. Ond o'r rhaid i'r bodi'n arwain, mae'n jakaint yn fwy fyddag fylwag yma ar y bwrdd mor hwn. I'n mwy'n gweithio'r ddydau gennyment a'r dweud o syniad o'r cyfnod y trafnidau. A ar ynddo i'w trader o'r rai yourrion? Wel, mae'r Llyfridog wedi'u llwydgell, dwi'n describe? Dwi'n fawr i chi weld i'n meddwl i'r rhaid i gael y blaen. Rhaid i'n meddwl i'r blaen i'r dwi'n meddwl i'n meddwl i'r blaen i'r blaen i'r blaen i'r blaen i'r blaen. Mae eto gweld i chi weld i fynd i'w blygu. Mae'r dwy'n meddwl i chi ddechrau'n digwydd i chi. Mae'n meddwl a byddwch i chi ddechrau, ac wedi bod yn y gallan am ymddangos, bod yn y trefenni gyda ni wneud bod eich rhaid i chi. Mae'n dweud ychydig yn ymrygl sy'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r grwyffl. A'n ddod i'n ffordd rydyn ni'n dod o'i ddweud, ond rydyn ni'n gofynu'r ysgrifennu. Ond o'r dweud, dyna'r gweithio'r gweithio'r ddechrau'r ddalig yma, dwi'n rhoi i'l gweithio'r ddweud, ond rydyn ni'n ddweud i'r ddweud. Ond yna'r ddweud yn llwyddiad o'r ddweud? ond mor wych! No, we've got what we've got coming up and what we've had the previous week or two like I say, we were down to our last 15 bodies I think it was going into that game and then there was a possibility that hochach pan might miss that because he became a Father that weekend so congratulations to him and his partner so, we were going to be stretched but we still wanted to play that game Ieidau pwysig o'r ysgad certyn nhw er mwyn y gallwn i'n ceisio cymryd arne i gyd ac i ddechrau'r ysgadol ar y cwysig yma? Pen bwysig arno. Roedd gan ni wedi bod ar y cwrwm yn gwneud â'r drosad i ni yn cael ei wneud sy'n holl ar gyfer'i grwp hwn. Roedd eich gwrthwyno'r ceisio i'r ymddangos ac eich astudio, pan hynny ac eich cymryd iddynt hwn yn ei ddechrau. ac mae'r annes yn golygu i ar gael, ac mae'r allan yma yn ymddangos, ydw i'r ffaith oherwydd yn y dyfodol o'i gweithio. A mae'r angen i'r llwy, ymlaen yn y gweithio, mae hyn yn ei gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Rwyf yn gweithio? mae hwn yn y gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio? Yn y gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio, mae'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio er mwyn ar gweithio'n gweithio. Pan chi i fod yn unrhyw sydd eich gwrs o'r adnodd geisio, mae'r gweithio cyfnodd gwaith a'n gwybod, a'n rhanut ein gwahanol yw un ar hwn yn ein gwahanol, fyddwn er�on iddyn nhw i ddim eich gwahanol ac mae'n ddweud i weld yn atweud, ond dwi arno i ni'n ddiwedd ar ystafell, ac nid oedd ymddangos i'n rhaid i'r gwahanol bod cael eu gweithio'n ymgyfl interimol yn lawr i niwn. I think it will be, like I say, two footballing teams trying to play the right way, but the game will be obviously an entertaining one and how open we'll see how it goes throughout the course of the game. How much do you mean to their recent away from them that won away from home in the last one? Is that happy bearing at all? No. I thought they'll have them run away from home and so it doesn't. It is a cliché and nowhere. It's the next game and we prepare for that and have to go and deliver the performances that hopefully can get us the three points. Of course the weather is going to make the ground somewhat softer than normal. Does that affect the way you play at all? Not at this moment in time. If the game had gone ahead last Saturday it would have done because we would have had to have played over a lake that was in the pitch. The conditions obviously throughout the course of the next couple of months will have to take into consideration but we'll deal with that as they approach. Of course we've got a few games coming up and the FA Cup one. How much do you look at games and think I need to do this, I need to do that, but not necessarily about players but preparation and stuff? No, that's already been taken care of the whole of this month because coming November we have obviously a trip to Colchester, we've got the trip to Shrewsbury, we've got a trip to Plymouth and so the preparations for the whole month are already in place. Obviously as and when if we needed to tweak and we would do so but we've got to keep the mind on that and everything really. Can you say about all these long trips coming up next month? The season is perhaps getting into the nitty-gritty part, you're well into it now aren't you? You've got these long journeys. We knew that we'd come in, you just go down with it and the players will just get on with it. We're fortunate in the sense that even with these long journeys we'll prepare properly, we'll travel down the day before and get ready for it that way. First and foremost we've got to try and put our performance on on Saturday and try to get three points. What have you been a bit stretched at? A lot of people are asking me about Shane McCartan, he's had little wits, he hasn't had that many starts yet. Is he very much in your plans or is it a case of trying to fit him in? No, I've been a big fan of him ever since I arrived and banged a drum for him and he's initially not got started on through injury and then picked up a number one and then came on and scored. I think he came on against the Oldham and excited us. He's somebody that can produce match winners like he did against Swindon. Hinesite probably should have put him on in one of the games a little bit earlier but we've got competition especially in that forward line where you talk about Remy, Dylan, Harry, Pritchard, Zelig, Vorny, Clayton obviously when he's backfits. It's important that you have a squad of those and it shows you're part of that. Is he quite good at waiting for his opportunities as well? He has been so far. We'll see what happens as the season progresses but no, I think when this opportunity arises he's certainly one that would do everything in his power to take it. I personally don't want players that are sat in the squad happy at being out of the squad. I don't get that. I think if I'm looking at someone and he's happy in his work because he's not playing there's something wrong. The fact that there has been a stretch squad that's helped in that way because everyone felt part of it. I'm not going to get a game whatever happens here. No, of course not. We work very hard to make sure everybody who's felt part of the squad from day one of pre-season. It certainly does help when there's games but you can bet your bottom dollar that there will be situations coming soon where I'll be back to leaving people out and that's the tough part of the job but you'll have to do it. I'm going to ask you a couple of weeks, Jake Reeves. He said he was joining in a little bit of training. How far down the line is Jake up? Yeah, a bit further. Or did he tackle it at all? No, to be fair on a serious note he has joined in now for the last couple of weeks minimum where he has done the majority of the sessions if not all the sessions and we're going day by day with it on him. I've been massively impressed with him, how he is, his character but on the training pitch as well he adds a little bit more to the group. I can't speak highly enough of the lad in terms of the impact he's had on the squad whilst still being out of the team. In training when he's been with us for the last couple of weeks now his experience, his knowledge of the game is very good and he keeps passing that on. He helps the young ones and the old ones and he's very vocal and hopefully he progresses now to the next level. Is he doing all that work on the planings? No, he's been the last couple of weeks like I say, you look at him now as just a normal player that's training with us. Which is probably what he wants. Exactly, he's getting better and better and stronger and stronger every session. Ironically he spoke to him this morning and said how is it and best it's been today. Is there in the pipeline some kind of a game? Yeah no, at some stage we were going to have to obviously go to that next stage with him. It was important that when he did join back in a couple of weeks ago people got excited and said we were putting back into training fully and then they wanted a game but now we're going to go step by step with him and the next stage obviously for him will be to have 45 minutes somewhere and see how he goes in that and how he recovers after that, that's the most important thing as well.


Appalachian Wireless proudly brings you unlimited data. Unlimited data is only $80 a month for a single line. Four lines as low as $200. Better service? Bigger savings? That's today's Appalachian Wireless. An East Kentucky network company. The address beats low to 25 gigabytes per line to 512 kilobits for phones and tablets. And 15 gigabytes for motors. See store for more details. Monday we brought you the story of the dire financial situation of the Martin County Water District and their $831,000 of debt. Today we speak with officials about the trickle-down effect that has. We can't afford to hire more people and that's a biggie right there. We have five guys counting John Meals. Those guys are really, for the last two weeks here, going on two weeks, they have probably put in as much overtime as they do regular time because they've been working around the clock.  Hammond says that although that debt is causing some problems, they are working to rectify the situation. I think we have a plan to use our recently signed contract with Prestonburg Utilities to use that money as collateral in getting a loan. Hammond went on to say that if the PSC approves the proposed 49% water rate increase, that the money should not only help with the current debt, but be able to maintain the water system in the future. Reporting from INES, I'm Shawn Allen for EKB News.


I'm Becky Lawton. I'm doing a collaborative PhD with Leicester University and the British Library. I'm working on how the Anglo-Saxons use the written word to experience Rome from afar, analysing travel texts and paper letters in their manuscript form. I've always been really fascinated by the medieval period and I've always wanted to work on the material culture as much as possible. So, when this PhD came up and with the opportunity to work directly with the manuscripts themselves, it was just too good an opportunity to miss. Over the course of my PhD I've had the chance to go to Leicester to take advantage of the workshops that they offer and then I've also been able to do the occasional public talk. Being at both Leicester and the British Library has also given me two outlets to really present my research and get my research out there to the wider public. At the library I've been able to help with open days, presenting my research and different manuscripts to master students, to doctoral students or to just general members of the public. I've really been able to be immersed in the day-to-day workings of the medieval manuscript section. I've been able to have full exposure to the collections, which has enabled me to see such a wide variety of manuscripts that I never would have had access to at a more traditional university-based PhD. Everything that I've had the opportunity to do over the past couple of years has given me the opportunity to develop personal skills and professional skills both together. I feel I have the confidence now to go out there and to chase the career that I do want to chase and I feel like this PhD has really equipped me with the skills that I need to do that.


The, the American car makers and those who sell cars in the United States are, are basically saying that they'll match President Biden's requirement of 50% of all vehicles sold near 2030 would, would be electric vehicles, battery powered electric vehicles. So let's say that would be 10 million vehicles. Typical American car uses a hundred kilowatt hour battery. And it would require 68 kilograms of lithium measured as metal, or 100 kilograms of lithium measured as, as carbonate. Now, 10 million times that's a, that's a billion kilograms of carbonate. Okay, let's say that for argument's sake, I'm off by 50%. We only need 500 million kilograms of carbonate near 2030 to make our batteries. So that that will be 500,000 tons of carbonate.  Now, I don't really believe it's possible that eight years from now, the United States will be producing, let's say, half of that amount.  And yet, these numbers keep coming out. And no one pays attention to the fact that they're really not possible. So, for the United States to produce enough lithium, just lithium to provide for all the cars required to be made with using battery powered electric power trains in the year 2030 is in my opinion, not possible. Yet, no one in the automotive industry seems to care about this, that they're, you know, in, in World War II, the construction battalions of the United States Navy, known as the Seabees had a, were, were well known to have, they had a famous model, it said the, the difficult takes a while, the impossible takes a little while longer. Well, let's put it this way. It's impossible. It's going to take a little while longer, maybe the rest of time. United States car industry, if it's going to go to battery powered electrics, 50% of production by the year 2030, which could be as much as 10 million vehicles is not going to be able to source that lithium domestically. So, the law introduced by the, I believe was the Inflation Reduction Act, the horribly misnamed legislation of earlier this year, said that by that year, any component used an electric vehicle for manufacturing United States, which will qualify for tax credits or tax relief, must have 100% domestic content. Now, that isn't going to be possible. So all these predictions on revenues and profits and everything are, let's say BS, and the lithium mining community, as you as you probably know, it is continuing to raise prices. It's the Chinese, but they're following of course, so many lithium projects today are only viable because of the very high current lithium price, which in China has reached $80,000 per ton for lithium carbonate. Now, you have to understand that only a couple of years ago, lithium carbonate was $16,000 a ton, and all of the planning for making batteries was based on that. I'm going to take a guess that today with those kinds of prices, the cost of the battery in an electric vehicle in a full size electric vehicle, one that use 100 kilowatt hour battery is approaching maybe as much as half of the cost of the vehicle. This, this kind of situation was never ever contemplated by the people who budget manufacturing cars within the corporations. I'm not hearing a word that that there's any concern, but we, I think we all understand why public companies do not like to tell you that they can't really do what they said they're going to do. And that's not real good for the share price, and it's not real good for longevity of the managers. I'm not saying it couldn't be done. I'm just saying that I don't know any way with my particular knowledge of the mining sector, that it's possible, even remotely possible to approach those, those lithium supply numbers for the year 2030. And everybody has to keep something in mind. Today, the United States produces about 20% of the world's cars. So please everyone, what about the rest of the world. Think about it. If it's not possible to buy enough lithium to make enough batteries in the United States for our own half of our own production. What about the rest of the world. These numbers are impossible. I don't know what's going on here, but I do see that many, many experts do not seem to pay any attention to the data provided by the United States Geological Survey, the British Geographical Survey, or any any such surveys done by governments in the world. These governments have determined how much of commodities are produced. And what reserves there are of these commodities to continue producing. And I just want to leave with one thought tracing. The metals and ores in the ground minerals are not organic. They don't grow. Mines have lifetimes and my the life of a mind is declining from the day the first shovel is turned, because the high grades are disappearing and you're going to lower and lower grades. A lot of people who predict the supply of these commodity metals think that if there's a mine in East over shoe producing 10,000 tons a year of lithium, it'll always be producing 10,000 tons a year of lithium. That is we know is not true. Nobody is taking into account the lifetime of mines, the generally declining high grade mines. Most of the high grade mines in the world have been discovered. I'll admit that that may not be true for lithium because lithium 15 years ago, nobody cared about it. Now it's a big deal. So people are looking for lithium. But like every other commodity metal. There is a limit to how much of this material. There is accessible to us. Yes, there may be a whole lot of copper in in in these overshoe. But can we get at it. Do we have the capital to build roads power, bring water to these sites. Do we have the time and how the world doesn't have infinite capital. The gross domestic product of our world is $80 trillion a year. 25% of that's North America. Another 20% is China. In other words, that our two, our three nations United States, Canada, let's say and China produce nearly half of the world's GDP. So where's the money going to come from to build all of these mines processing stations and battery battery manufacturing systems. Well, it would have to come out of out of our money here. But are we in such a dynamic growth era in any part of the world now that we we can just throw off money, trillions of dollars to build out an electric vehicle supply system. I'm asking you I'm not answering I'm asking the public to consider this. Let's everybody take a breath and please start thinking about the limitations of the natural resources accessible to us with our money and with our technology. And, in my opinion, after a lifetime of looking at this, they are not sufficient. So, some people are going to have electric cars and some people are some people are going to have wind wind turbines for electricity. Some people aren't who makes that decision. I leave it to you.