In chapter number 4, we're looking at Abraham and the faith of Abraham in the Old Testament. Now what we're going to do tonight is we're going to go through verse by verse in Romans chapter 4, and what we're going to inadvertently end up doing is destroying dispensationalism tonight. We're going to talk about Abraham, how he was saved, how he was justified. We're going to look at what was Abraham's faith? When did he get saved? You know, we're going to kind of dissect Abraham's life a little bit, and that will help us kind of decode what Paul is talking about here, because Paul is aware of all these things. Paul was a very educated man you'll be able to see throughout the book of Romans, and he was very educated on the Word of God on the Old Testament. So let's start out in verse number 1. Feel free to write some of these things down and take some notes, but keep a finger in Genesis. We're going to start in Genesis chapter 12, that's the first place you'll want to be. Romans chapter 4 and verse number 1 the Bible says, What shall we say then that Abraham our Father as pertaining to the flesh hath found? For if Abraham were justified by works he hath whereof to glory but not before God. For what sayeth the Scripture? Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness. Now turn to James chapter 2, James chapter 2 in the New Testament. James chapter 2, so let me read verse 2 and 3 again for you. For if Abraham were justified by works he hath whereof to glory but not before God. Saying that Abraham was justified by works he could glory in that. If I was justified by my own works I could boast about that. I mean I would have something to boast about, but not before God. I went over this in James chapter 2 and there was a reason that I preached that sermon on James chapter 2 because it fits perfectly in with Romans chapter 4. If you're there in James chapter 2 look down at verse number 21 and I want to show you how James chapter 2 and verse 21 through 23 is the flip side of the coin of what Romans chapter 4 and verses 2 and 3 is saying. So if we read James chapter 2 starting in verse number 21 the Bible reads, was not Abraham our father justified by works when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar. Seeest thou how fate wrought with his works and by works was faith made perfect. Then in verse number 23 and the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God and it was imputed unto him for righteousness. Now that's exactly what Romans chapter 3 says, Abraham believed God and it was counted unto him for righteousness and he was called the friend of God. So when was Abraham justified by works? What does that mean? And when was he justified? When was it counted? When did Abraham, when was righteousness imputed unto him by God? That's what I want to show you tonight. Turn to Genesis chapter 12. We're going to kind of cut up the life of Abraham. I want to go through Abraham's life and I want to show you some key points in Abraham's life that will make this fit together for you. In Genesis chapter 12 in verse number 4 the Bible says this, in Abram he's not yet Abraham God has not yet renamed him and Abram departed as the Lord had spoken unto him and Lot went with him and Abram was 75 years old when he departed out of harem. So in Genesis chapter 12 Abraham or Abram is 75 years old. Turn to Genesis chapter 15, Genesis chapter 15, just a couple chapters over. Genesis chapter 15 and let's look at when Abraham gets righteousness imputed to him and how that happens. Let's start reading in verse number 1, Genesis 15 and verse number 1. After these things, so we know he's at least 75 years old at this point. After these things the word of the Lord came unto Abraham in a vision saying, fear not Abram, I am thy shield and thy exceeding great reward. And Abram said, Lord God what will thou give me seeing I go childless and the steward of my house is Eleazar of Damascus. And Abram said, behold to me thou hast given no seed and lo one born in my house is mine heir. And behold the word of the Lord came unto him saying this shall not be thine heir but this shall not be thine heir. But he that shall come forth out of thy own bowels shall be thine heir. He brought him forth abroad and said look now toward heaven and tell the stars if thou be able to number them and he said unto him so shall thy seed be. He's saying that you could number your seed by the stars, he says to Abram. And then it says about Abram in verse number 6 and he believed in the Lord and he counted it to him for righteousness. So that's the gospel in the Old Testament right there. Where is Abram being having righteousness imputed onto him by belief alone in the Old Testament? Okay, now turn to Genesis 17, Genesis 17, I'm sorry Genesis 16, Genesis 16. In Genesis 16 and verse 16 the Bible says this. It says an Abram was four score and six years old, a score is twenty years so he was eighty six years old when Hager bear Ishmael to Abram. Now the story goes like this, Abram was promised a son by God when sometime after he was seventy five he made some poor decisions and he decided his wife said hey just go into my servant and she will bear you a son. That obviously was not God's plan but when Hager bear Ishmael to Abram he was eighty six years old. So we know that Abram was considered righteous by God he was saved somewhere between seventy five and eighty six. We don't have an exact date on that but just remember that sometime between the age of seventy five and eighty six years old. Now turn to Genesis 17, Genesis 17. Now this is another key point in Abram's life, he is now Abraham and the Bible says this in Genesis 17 verse 24 and Abraham was ninety years old and nine, he was ninety nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. So Paul references Abram's circumcision several times in Romans chapter four and other places and we see that when Abraham was circumcised he was ninety nine years old. So that's a key point that we need to remember. Now turn to Genesis 21, Genesis chapter 21, Genesis chapter 21 and in verse one the Bible reads this and the Lord visited Sarah and he had said and the Lord did unto Sarah as he had spoken for Sarah conceived and bear Abraham a son in his old age at the set time of which God had spoken to him and Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him whom Sarah bear to him Isaac and Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old as God had commanded him. And Abraham was a hundred years old when Isaac his son Isaac was born unto him. So Isaac's born, Abraham is now a hundred, it's a year later Isaac is born, Abraham is a hundred years old. Now another key verse that James talks about is when Isaac was to be offered by Abraham when God told Abraham to go when he tested Abraham to go and offer his only son on the altar. Now I believe that that happened about ten to fifteen years later and if you turn to Genesis 22 you'll see why we're not told exactly when that is but it's several years later after Isaac is born. So if you look at Genesis 22 God has visited Abraham, he has told Abraham take Isaac, take him up to the mountain, sacrifice him, you know Abraham does this, he even brings this, I believe that many of the people that Abraham that worked for Abraham and that lived in Abraham's house knew exactly what Abraham was doing, there's evidence for that as well. In Genesis chapter 22 and verse 7 the Bible says this, and Isaac spake unto Abraham his father and said my father and he said here I am my son and he said behold the fire in the wood but where is the lamb for the burnt offering. So obviously Isaac is old enough to know that they're going up to make sacrifice to God, that they're bringing all the materials that they need, the wood, all of that but where is the lamb. So he's probably you know older than ten or eight or something like that. So it's ten to fifteen years later. Now in Genesis 23, so Abraham was probably a hundred and ten, a hundred and fifteen years old, that's what I'm getting at. In Genesis 23 and verse 1 the Bible says, let me turn there, Genesis 23 the Bible says this, and Sarah was a hundred and seven and twenty years old, these were the years of the life of Sarah. So Sarah dies at a hundred and twenty seven years old. And we know from Genesis 177, which I'll just read to you real quick, that Abraham was ten years older than Sarah. I told you we're getting doctrinal tonight, so it's important though. Now in Genesis 1717 the Bible says this, then Abraham fell upon his face and laughed and said in his heart shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old and shall Sarah that is ninety years old bear. So we see that Abraham is ten years older than Sarah. So if Sarah dies, which is a hundred and twenty seven, Abraham is a hundred and thirty-seven years old at the point of Genesis 23.1. And then if we go to Genesis 25, seven, we see the death of Abraham in verse seven. And these are the days or the years of Abraham's life which he lived in hundred, three score and fifteen years. So that's a hundred and sixty plus fifteen, a hundred and seventy-five years. So all that to say this, when did Abraham get saved and when did Abraham offer Isaac? Because both of these situations are being talked about in Romans chapter four and James chapter two. So he was saved somewhere between seventy-five and eighty-six. He didn't offer Isaac for another thirty years. So what I'm trying to get at, if we look back at James chapter two and verse twenty-one, I should have had you turn back there if you're not there. James chapter two and verse number twenty-one, let's go back to that and let's compare the first couple of verses of Romans chapter four with James chapter twenty-one now that we understand when things happen in Abraham's life. James chapter two and verse twenty-one, the Bible says this, was not Abraham our father justified by works? Yes he was. He was justified by works when he offered Isaac his son upon the altar. Look at verse number twenty-two. See as thou how faith wrought with his works and by works was faith made perfect. And then in verse number twenty-three we tie it all together right here. When the scripture was fulfilled with saith Abraham believed God and it was imputed unto him for righteousness. That's Genesis fifteen verse six. That's his salvation. And then and he was called the friend of God. That's justification before men. That's when he offered Isaac. You see? You see how in James chapter two and verse twenty-three he ties up those two events. Now look, here's the point that I'm trying to make with when we went through Genesis and all those different events, those things didn't happen at the same time, right? Abraham was saved thirty years ago before God. That's when God imputed righteousness unto him. That was his salvation. He was justified before men when they saw that he was willing to sacrifice his only son and he was called the what? The friend of God. By who? By men. All right? Now if you go back to Romans chapter four and look at verse number two, it says, for if Abraham were justified by works he hath wear of to glory but not before God. See? He was not justified by his works to God. He was justified by his works before men. And all men can see are your works. So it makes perfect sense. All right? When you look at Romans chapter four verses one, two and three and you look at James chapter two and verses twenty one, twenty two and twenty three and they just tie right in like this together. And then you look at the Bible and what Moses wrote. Isn't that a proof that God wrote the Bible? I mean no, I mean unless these two men or these three men were like geniuses and working together, you know, there's no other way that you could explain this other than God wrote the Bible. And that's why no matter who's the author, it all ties together and it fits perfectly and it all teaches the same story and it gets even better. That's just the first three verses. Okay? Let's continue. Abraham grew in his faith. That's a point that you can make here, right? I mean his faith was made perfect. The Bible says that his faith in Romans chapter, the Bible says that he was called the friend of God and his faith was made perfect in James chapter two and verse twenty two. Now, you should grow in your faith too. We should all grow in our faith. That's a goal is for our faith to become perfect, more and more perfect every day of our life. All right? Look down at Romans chapter four and verse number four. Let's continue. All right? Now Paul just continues on here and he's still soul winning in Romans chapter four here. And he says in Romans chapter four and verse number four, now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. So you have two guys, I'm just going to read Romans chapter four and verses four and five and then I'm going to explain those two verses. Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. So you have a man that does works. And then in verse number five, you have but him to worketh not, but believeth on him that justifyeth ye ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. You have two men here. One is, you know, the guy does works. The guy does works, he does a lot of works, you know, but it says that all that man has is debt in verse four. And in verse five, the Bible says, but to him that worketh not does no works. It doesn't say he works a little. It's that he worketh not. He does no works, but he believeth on him that justifyeth ye ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. Now look, these are great soul winning verses for somebody who's hung up on works. For somebody who's Catholic and believes, you know, hey, you can't tell people that. You can't tell people that it, you know, you can never lose it. You can't tell people it's faith alone. These are great verses, but you have two guys right here that one does works and one doesn't. One that does works is going to hell. You know, that's a reality of the situation today that we need to understand, and it might be hard for logical people to think about this, you know, not once you're saved, hopefully, but you have to understand that people who are better in the eyes of men, there might be a man who's better, who does better works in his life and is a better person, even according to the law of the Bible, then somebody else doesn't do any works.  So those situations are, of course, going to happen because it has nothing, whether you go to heaven or not, it has nothing to do with your works, period, all right? So I mean, these churches that have slipped into these repenting, your sins, we're going to talk about all this stuff on Sunday morning, but all these churches that have slipped into these, they've basically gone into the way of the book of Galatians and they just need to refresh up on their Bible and Romans chapter 4 and verse number 4 and 5 is really all they need. So that's verses 4 and 5, now let's keep going. Now here's another thing that you need to explain to people when you're soul winning. Notice in verse number 4, the Bible says, but to him that worketh not but believeth on him, you need to explain what believeth on means, okay? Now the Bible uses those two words most of the time when it's talking about believing. It will say believeth on, they believed on him, believe on, believe on, and believeth on. What that means is you need to understand that that means that they put their total faith and trust on Jesus and not, you can't be 5% myself, 95% Jesus. People need to understand that. We'll get into that a little bit more throughout this sermon, but look at verse number 6 in Romans chapter 4. Even as David also described the blessedness of the man unto whom God imputed righteousness without works. I'll turn to, I'll read you David's words in Psalm, the book of Psalms, and in Psalm 32.1 this is what Paul is talking about. The Bible says, blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered, blessed is the man unto whom the Lord imputedeth not iniquity. Once again, evidence that the Bible was written by God and not by man. Look, worketh not without works, not of works. I mean how many different times does Paul need to say this?  But it's, do these heretics know that they're heretics, or do they not know, are they doing it on purpose, and which ones, look, some of them of course know, and they're not doing it on purpose, maybe some of them don't know, I don't know. But it's so clear in the Bible, it almost has to be on purpose. I mean it's so clear, you cannot misunderstand this. Let's look down at verse number seven.  Blessed is the man whom the Lord will not impute sin. If you're saved, the Lord will not impute sin to you. Comeeth this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, that means the Jews, remember, or upon the uncircumcision also, for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. Now I'll let you to notice that word faith, where he says, because this is very important in this wording, he says for we say that faith, he's saying faith, you know, faith, right, was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. How was it then reckoned? Was he in circumcision? He was 99 years old when he was circumcised, remember, or in uncircumcision. And then Paul answers the question, not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision. Abraham was saved before he was circumcised, his salvation had nothing to do with being circumcised. So Paul knew everything we just learned about Abraham's life, and that's exactly what he's saying here. But that's why we went to Genesis to kind of catch up to Paul, as we could read through this, okay. Turn to John chapter eight. John chapter eight, and I'm going to read for you Romans 411. And this is where it gets fairly deep, so if you're asleep, wake up right now. And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of what? The faith, okay, the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised. So look, brother Matt and I can have a faith, okay. I can have a faith in that piano, and brother Matt can have a faith in that chair. Is that the same faith? Nope. But notice how he said that Abraham, he said faith in the verse before, but now he gets much more specific, and he says, the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised. So there was a specific faith that Abraham had in Genesis 15 verse 6. There was a specific faith, okay, remember that, lock that in, that he might be the father of all of them that believe, though they be not circumcised, that righteousness might be imputed unto them also. You see what happened here? And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith, which he had yet being uncircumcised, that he might be the father of not the Jews, of all of them that believe. See? That was the promise. That was the promise. That righteousness might be imputed to them also. It gets even better. Verse number 12, and the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, referring to the Jews, but also who walk in the steps of what? That faith, that specific faith that Abraham had when he got saved. See? It's not a faith, it's not a belief, it's the faith of Abraham. And who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised. So his circumcision, it didn't have anything to do with his salvation. That's what he's saying. But he's saying that being a child, or Abraham being your father, has to do with having that faith, or the faith of Abraham. See? Romans 4.13, and now we wrap it up right here. For the promise that he should be the heir of the world was not to Abraham or to his seed, meaning the Jews, through the law, those are the Jews. When he says he was not to Abraham or to his seed through the law, that's referencing the physical Jews, but through the righteousness of faith. Meaning anyone who has righteousness through faith, the faith, that faith of Abraham, is Abraham's, Abraham is their father. That's what he's saying. So Abraham is our father through the common faith. That's it. That's what he's saying here. Alright? Did you turn to John chapter 8? You can see why Jews today are not on board with the Bible, right? I mean it's not good. Alright, John chapter 8, let's look at verse number 37. This is Jesus speaking.  I speak that which I have seen with my father, and you do that which you have seen with your father. They answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, if you were Abraham's children, you would do the works of Abraham. See? Because they would be justified before men if they did that, okay? But you seek to kill me, a man that had told you the truth which I have heard of God. This did not Abraham. You do the deeds of your father. Then they saith unto him, we be not born of fornication. We have one father, even God. Jesus said unto them, if God were your father, you would love me. But I proceeded forth and came from God, neither came I of myself, but he sent me. Why do you not understand my speech? He's wondering why, if Abraham really is your father, you would have believed Abraham and you would have believed me, basically is what he's saying as he said elsewhere. Even because you cannot hear my word. He are of your father, the devil, and the lust of your father you will do. He was a murderer from the beginning and abode not in the truth because there is no truth in him.  So he basically tells them Abraham's not your father, the devil is your father, okay? And then Paul is saying in Romans that if you had the common faith of Abraham, Abraham is your father. That's what he's saying. So we're saved the same way that Abraham was saved, period. There's your dispensationalism, gone. Romans 4,14, keep reading. The Bible says this, For if they which are of the lobby heirs, faith is made void and the promise is made of none effect. So now he just keeps, he just grinds it in. I mean I just love it. Let me turn to Romans chapter 11 in verse number 6. You see how he uses this term through the law? Was not to Abraham or his seed through the law, through the physical Jews. That's what he's talking about. And he says it again in Romans 14 where he says, For if they which are of the lobby heirs, they of the law, who are they? The Jews, right? If they be of the law, be heirs, then faith is made void. And the promise is made of none effect. In Romans 11 verse 6, let's read again. The Bible says, And if by grace then it is no more of works. Otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be works, then it is no more grace. Otherwise work is no more work. It's either all works or it's all faith. That's it. And he's using the Jews as, he's equating that to works. You see what I'm saying? Them of the law. The Jews are of the law. So if the Jews are children of Abraham just because they're of that line of heritage, that's works. That's of the flesh. That's what he's saying. But it's not. And it would make faith completely void. Because it can't be a combination of both. It's all or nothing. Alright? Now, that shows you that there can be literally no benefit for being a physical Jew. As far as your salvation goes. It's not saying that Jews can't get saved. It's that they need to get saved the same way everybody else. Through faith. Because if it was the other way, faith would be void. Meaningless. Not worth anything. So we see that the idea of being saved through being a physical or hereditary descendant of Abraham is paralleled here with believing in works salvation. See? It's the same thing. That's pretty neat how he did that. Now it can't be both, even a little bit. Because then faith is made void. Alright. Let's look down to verse number 15 and we'll keep reading. The Bible says, Because the law worketh wrath, for where no law is there is no transgression. Therefore it is of faith that it might be by grace to the end, to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed, not to them which is of the law. The Jews, again, I love how he just repeats things. But to that also which is of the faith of Abraham. The specific faith of Abraham. See? Who is the father of us all. Right? As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations, before him whom he believed, even God who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were. Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, so shall thy seed be. Now, there was times when Abraham didn't do the right thing, and he obviously didn't have perfect faith in the Bible. But once saved, always saved. That's proof of eternal security as well. And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about 100 years old, when Isaac was born, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb. He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief, but with strong in faith, giving glory to God. And in verse number 21, I want you to pay attention to these two words. And being fully persuaded that what he had promised, he was able also to perform. So the Bible says here in verse number 21, that when Abraham believed God, he was fully persuaded. He believed on. See? It wasn't, yeah, I think maybe he will, but I'm also going to, you know, he was fully persuaded, the Bible says. That is believing on the Lord Jesus Christ. That is what it means. So you must, when you are out soul winning, here's another tip. You must fully persuade people of the gospel of Jesus Christ. You must fully persuade people that it's not of works. You must fully persuade people that it's only through Jesus Christ. No man come through the Father, but by me. It's only Jesus. If you have preached the gospel to someone who is a Buddhist or a Muslim or whatever, and they still, yeah, I believe the Quran, but yeah, I also believe this, they are not fully persuaded. You must fully persuade someone in order for them to be saved. Period. And therefore, in verse number 22, he says it again just in case we forgot in the last five minutes, he was fully persuaded and therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness. Right there. He believed on. Right there. Now, it was not written for his sake alone that was imputed to him, but for us also to whom it shall be imputed. If we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead, who is delivered for our offenses and was raised again for our justification. So you see how you can take that believe on and fully persuaded two things go together again. Isn't that great? Look, so it's important, you know, so he's talking again, he starts talking about Jesus in verse number 24. But for us also to whom it shall be imputed, our sins were imputed to Jesus. If we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead, who was delivered for our offenses and was raised up again for our justification. So it's important that you explain Jesus well when you're out soul winning as well. People need to know that Jesus had our sins imputed to him. And that is how we can be let free. You know, I will often use the analogy of whoever I'm with and it's probably not true usually, but I usually say, you know, Brother Matt, you know, he might, we're good friends, he might die for me if he needed to. But Brother Matt cannot die for my sins because Brother Matt has his own sins to pay for. And Jesus had no sins to pay for. He was innocent. So that's why he could take those on himself, take that punishment on himself and God would accept that sacrifice. Okay? Someone who didn't owe had to pay. Period. And Jesus didn't owe anything. Okay? Now, the application of the main thing that I want you to take away from this sermon tonight is that there's a common faith throughout the whole Bible. And that's very clear in Romans chapter 10. James talks about it and Genesis talks about Abraham's faith. It's a common faith. We are all Abraham's children through the faith in the Messiah and God sent to redeem the world from sin. These people knew, you know, we've had this philosophical debate in my family and all this before and I have an opinion on it that I won't give now. But how much of this promise that Abraham, you know, how much of detail that Abraham actually understood of that promise, that's a good philosophical debate to have because the Bible doesn't really tell us. All we know, I know that my faith in Jesus Christ is the same faith that Abraham said because the Bible says so. And guess what? I don't need to go into all these weird rabbit holes and come up with all these strange doctrines because you know what, I'll just ask Abraham when I get to heaven. But we know that they were looking forward to a Messiah in the Old Testament. They were saved on credit. Think of it that way.  That God would send a Messiah. We look back on the Messiah and His name was Jesus Christ. And we look back and we have all the details of all that that happened.  But it's a common faith. If you look back at it or you're looking back at it, it's a common faith. That's what Romans chapter 4 is telling us. And it's that faith that you have to have to be saved. It's the same gospel no matter where you're from. And you know what? You can see it when you visit other people from other places in the world who are saved. When you visit other people, you're visiting the churches or even around this country and other places in the world, in the Philippines, because it's weird, but you just connect with people. You're just like brothers and sisters right away. Because we share a common spirit. It's a common faith. It's a common gospel that saved us all. So look, people have different hang-ups when you're out there soul-winning. You're going to run across people who are hung up, mostly it's works in one way or the other. But you're going to have people that have weird hang-ups on hell. You're going to have people that have weird hang-ups on they don't think they're a sinner. You're going to have people that have weird hang-ups on all these different things. And you might have to go to different places in the Bible to kind of back those things up and show them if they're willing to listen. But look, it's the same gospel that they have to eventually believe and they have to be fully persuaded and they have to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. The same as you and I all did. That is the same end game. The salvation is always the same. It's always been the same. From Genesis to Revelation. So that's why another culture moment here, that's why we want to have awesome soul-winners in this church. We want to have people that can go out and they can figure out what can be personable with people and they can figure out where people's hang-ups are and they have the Bible, the knowledge of the Bible where if somebody does have some strange hang-up they know where to go to kind of help fix that person's hang-up. You'll be able to do that with people. Somebody will have sincere questions about certain things that they saw somewhere on the internet or whatever they grew up in some weird thing and they'll sincerely want to know if we should be able to show them those things. We should have enough knowledge of the Bible to be able to go out there and not only just give a soul-winning presentation but to be able to navigate our Bibles and show people the truth and get them back to that common gospel. Get fix these little issues in their heart that they have and if they're sincere about it we can fully persuade them of the gospel. Let's bow our heads and have a word of prayer. Dear Heavenly Father, we thank you for the Book of Romans. We thank you for your word, your whole word. We thank you for how it fits together perfectly. We thank you Lord for Paul and for how you used him to write down these deep doctrines and just bless the rest of our night, Lord. Bless the fellowship to come. Bless the rest of everybody's week and bring us back safely for Soul-winning on Saturday and Church on Sunday. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen.


This section is based upon the concept of the effects of the financial leverage. So you must be thinking what is meant by financial leverage. So basically firms, when they are short of money, when they are having less capital, they borrow money from the external sources. They borrow money from banks. They borrow money from some other corporates. So what happens eventually is that that particular usage of borrowed money is called leveraging the finances. So you are like kind of pushing up the overall financial assets which you are having by borrowing the money. So when we look at the aspects of or the effects of financial leverage, it means that we are basically interested in identifying that what would be the possible usage advantages or disadvantages of borrowing money from the external sources. So when we look at the firms who borrow from the external sources and they use this concept of financial leveraging their assets or their overall financial position, they are basically looking at the shareholders and when we borrow a lot of money, it means that the overall return on equity will be greater. But it has its own pros. That means if you are borrowing a lot of money from the external sources, you need to repay the money and at the top of it, you will have to pay the interest over the principle which you have borrowed. So this sometimes can be, can be, can put a firm in a disadvantageous situation. When you borrow in such a situation, it gives you the advantage that you have more finances to work in your business. You can maintain your inventory more, you can increase the production level. But at the same time, its bad side is that you will have to pay the interest over it and your income can go to the funding resource from which you have borrowed this money. So this is its bad side. And because of this, firms go to operational risk and they have to bear the financial risk as well as the operational risk. So this means that the benefit of financial leverage is also the benefit of the firms and its loss. So when we look at the advantages which a firm can have by using this borrowed money, which means that what could be the possible effects, the good side of financial leveraging the overall business activities or business operations. So the benefit is that it will give you the interest tax shield. So the meaning of the interest tax shield is that when you have borrowed the money, you are paying the interest over it and the income generated or the profits generated by you, some of them are in the form of interest and the principal amount that you want to return, so as a result, what happens is that the overall tax levy that you have to pay, that will go down because your overall profits or the income generated, you have to pay the repayment of interest and repayment of the principal amount. So that the good side of financial leveraging is that it kind of protects you or provides you tax shield. So this is one good thing associated with financial leveraging. The next important thing is that when we have used the borrowed money for a firm, the bad side is that obviously you have to pay the cost of debt, you have to pay the interest, you have to pay the principal, and there could be some situations in the market where the terms and conditions are tight, where the rate of interest is high, so you have to go to a higher level and pay the cost of debt. So that is the negative side of using the borrowed money, but like sometimes the firms do not have any second option other than this that they will have to borrow the money.


Yeah, my name is Lt. Jake Miller, I'm a Charlie Company 325BSB. I think the competition helps you become a better officer, just, you know, going out here and doing these, you know, basic medical skills, basic soldier tasks. Just makes you an overall better soldier. This competition helps me be a better soldier by training to do something that's really, really hard. I get to show my soldiers that, hey, it's hard, but builds character. Overall, a lot of time in my feet, a lot of rucking, a lot of running, and I had an opportunity to do some PT with the sword because that actually helped out a lot. My favorite part about the competition had to be the people. We had a group of personnel coming through. Everyone had a great attitude, made it fun. Even when we were going through the suck, it just made it that much funner. Favorite part about the competition, I mean, this group of guys and gals was fantastic. I mean, everyone had a smile on their face, even if we were rucking and running and whatever, it didn't matter. Positive energy all the time. It was a lot of fun. For me, probably the Jungle 5K, because we had to do that after already a lot of physical events. So my legs were pretty tired moving into that event. So the hardest part about the competition, I'm actually a 70 Bravo medical service officer, so I'm not a medic. So all of the medical tasks, that's kind of where I struggled with and I thought those were very difficult. Definitely study up on some medical tasks. If you haven't already, basic, you know, skill level one in 10 and then moving forward.  A lot of rucking.


So Matt I'm working on a new web app for lonely people. Okay, what does it do? What's it called? It's called words with cats. Now Words with cats. It's a brilliant, brilliant name. Um now I want to show an icon on my phone's home screen someone launches this and I also want to be able to show like an Icon or some visual in a splash screen. Is that reading a dictionary or something a cat reading it Do you were a thought leader? How can I get that done? So that's This is a Chrome now has the at-home screen stuff. So basically if you meet a certain set of criteria When a user is basically engaged into your web app, it will come up a little banner saying hey We'd like to add this time screen. So you basically to be on a hps You need to have a service worker and you need a web app manifest And then after that it's basically depending on the user coming back a couple of times Then it will show the banner So the web app manifest is the main thing that you need To enable all of this along with the other bits But the manifest is just a JSON file at that point. Cool. So it's just a JSON file. Is this a crime on anything? No, no, this is all the standard space So basically any browser can look for this link rail tag that links to your manifest JSON file at that point They can pass it and it's just going to be you have to have certain things to find for then browsers to take it All out right. So the manifest lets me customize my icons. What other what other stuff can I configure in there? You can define short name which will be the text underneath your icon that you'd normally see theme color Which Chrome uses is like the URL color along the URL bar background color is for the splash screen So if you have that add time screen, they click on it It will launch and basically while Chrome's loading what you can do is show a splash screen That's like solid color and then have an icon on top of it along with the text So background color does that you've got an array of icons So again depending on what the browser wants to use the icon for it will just pick the best size for it Start URL is super awesome What that is is basically you remember back in the day we used to have our time screen in Chrome Where it's like hidden in the menu? Yeah So what that would always do is whatever page you are on that is where you will get pointed to when you click on the icon From the home screen start URL lets you define where that is now So if you're if someone was in the middle of a blog article click on our time screen now You can say actually just go to the home of the blog Then you've got display display is basically Rather than launching browser mode you can sit there and say actually I wanted to go full screen Oh, so you can launch it full screen the same way that a native app might look like right? Yeah, exactly But alongside of that there's also in the spec orientation so you could theoretically lock it to portrait or landscape cool So for games, that's particularly. Yeah, like you want to do like force to like thumbsticks And yeah, the nice thing especially I was gonna say with the start URL You can actually then add the query parameter, so then you can like track how many people are using it So like home screen equals true and then analytics will just show you cool So that's pretty much the bulk of it nice Is there if I wanted to like validate that I've got a legit manifest is there a tool I can use for that? Yes, someone has built a web app manifest validator I think DevTools were also gonna do it so you could like force a download of the manifest and get DevTools to pass it I believe we mentioned as much in totally tooling tiers But I haven't actually used it myself and admittedly if you don't use something like that It's kind of hard to figure out whether it's working or not. Yeah, so those are all we're checking out Okay, so we talked about the web app manifest the manifest validator, so we're checking out DevTools is looking at it Are there docs on this available as well? The best thing to look at is Paul Kinlan's blog post it covers example manifest How do I edit the HTML page and then how to debug it as well? So that's probably the best bet sweet and plus it's in web starter kit and a whole other host of the projects that we do


Although fasting for a week or two can actually interfere with the loss of body fat, eventually, after the third week of fasting, fat loss starts to overtake the loss of lean body mass in obese individuals. But is it safe to go that long without food? Proponents speak of fasting as a cleansing process, but some of what you're purging from your body are essential vitamins and minerals. Maybe enough people can go up to 382 days without calories, but no one can go even a fraction of that long without vitamins. Scurvy, for example, is diagnosable within as few as four weeks without any vitamin C. Berry, berry, thymine, or vitamin B1 deficiency may start out even earlier in fasting patients and once manifest can result in brain damage within days, which can eventually become irreversible. Even though fasting patients report problems such as nausea and indigestion taking supplements, all the months-long fasting cases I've mentioned in the last few videos were given daily multivitamins and mineral supplementation as necessary. Without supplementation, hunger strikers and those undergoing prolonged fast for therapeutic or religious purposes like the Baptist pastor hoping to enhance his spiritual powers for exorcism have ended up paralyzed, comatose, or worse. Nutrient deficiencies aren't the only risk. Reading about all the successful reports of massive weight loss from prolonged fasting in the medical literature, one doctor decided to give it a try with his patients. Of the first dozen he tried it on, though, two died. Now in retrospect, both of the two patients that died started out with heart failure and were on diuretics. Fasting itself produces pronounced diuresis, meaning loss of water and electrolytes through the urine, and so was the combination of fasting on top of the water pills that likely depleted their potassium and triggered their fatal heart rhythms. The doctor went out of his way to point out that both of those who died started out in severe heart failure and both had improved greatly while undergoing starvation therapy, small consolation since they were both dead within a matter of weeks. Not all therapeutic fasting fatalities were complicated by concurrent medication use. At first he did very well and experienced the usual euphoria. His electrolytes remained fine, but in the middle of the third week he suddenly collapsed and died. This line of treatment is certainly tempting because it does produce weight loss and the patient feels so much better, but the whole killing people thing must make it a very suspect line of management. Contrary to the popular notion that the heart muscle especially spared during fasting, the heart appears to experience similar muscle wasting. This was noted in the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II in a remarkable series of detailed studies carried out by the ghetto physicians themselves before they themselves succumbed. In a case entitled Gross Fragmentation of Cardiac Fiber after therapeutic starvation for obesity, a 20-year-old woman successfully achieved her ideal body weight after losing 128 pounds fasting for 30 weeks after a breakfast of one egg she had a heart attack and died. On autopsy, the muscle fibers in her heart showed evidence of widespread disintegration. The pathologist suggested that fasting regimens should no longer be recommended as a safe means of weight reduction. Breaking the fast appears to be the most dangerous part. After World War II, as many as one out of five starved Japanese prisoners of war tragically died following liberation. Now known as refeeding syndrome, multi-organ system failure can result from resuming a regular diet too quickly. See, there are critical nutrients such as thymine and phosphorus that are used to metabolize food. So in the critical refeeding window, if too much food is taken before these nutrients can be replenished, demand makes seed supply. And whatever residual stores you still carry can be driven down even further with potentially fatal consequences. That's why rescue workers are taught to always give thymine before food to victims who had been trapped or otherwise unable to eat. Thymine is responsible for the yellow color of banana bags, a term you might have heard used on medical dramas, used to describe an IV fluid concoction often given to malnourished alcoholics to prevent a similar reaction. Anyone with negligible food intake for more than five days may be at risk for developing refeeding problems. Medically supervised fasting has gotten much safer now that there are proper refeeding protocols. We know what warning signs to look for, and we now know who shouldn't be fasting in the first place, such as those with advanced liver, kidney failure, porphyria, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, and pregnant and breastfeeding women. The most comprehensive safety analysis of medically supervised water-only fasting was recently published out of the True North Health Center in California. Out of 768 visits to their facility for fasts up to 41 days, were there any adverse events? Yes, 5,961 of them, but most were mild known reactions to fasting, such as fatigue, nausea, insomnia, headache, dizziness, upset stomach, back pain. They report only two serious events and no fatalities. Fasting longer than 24 hours, and particularly three or more days, should only be done under the supervision of a physician and preferably in a live-in clinic. In other words, don't try this at home. This is not just a legalistic mumbo-jumbo. For example, normally your kidneys dive into sodium conservation mode during fasting, but should that response break down? You could rapidly develop an electrolyte abnormality that may only manifest with nonspecific symptoms like fatigue or dizziness, which could easily be dismissed until it's too late. The risks of any therapy must be premised on the severity of the disease. I mean, the consequences of obesity are considered so serious that effective therapies could have considerable acceptable toxicity. For example, many consider major surgery for obesity to be a justifiable risk. But the keyword is effective. Therapeutic fasting for obesity has been largely abandoned by the medical community, not only because of its uncertain safety profile, but its questionable short-term and long-term efficacy. Remember, for a fast that only lasts a week or two, you might be able to lose as much body fat or even more on a low-calorie diet than a no-calorie diet.


Rabi Vaxes is a new purified Verocell Rabi's vaccine that has been developed to meet the demand for preventable but deadly disease with significant burden in Asia and Africa, which underwent pre-clinical and clinical development based on data generated in house and was found safe and immunogenic. This article was authored by Prasad Eskalkani, Ashish Sahai, Bhagwat Ghanail and others.


My freshman psychology professor told me that the exact opposite of depression is gratitude, which I thought was complete fiddle-faddle. I say fiddle-faddle because I'm not sure I can swear here. I have fought through several years of clinical depression, so the thought of gratitude being the opposite of depression is seen to support the fiddle-faddle that people suffering through depression are just ungrateful and not actually going through debilitating illness. That is just a synonym for feeling greedy and ungrateful. Anyways, this professor challenged me to force myself to change my perspective on life. There's actually a lot of scientific evidence that supports his theory that gratitude reverses depression. For example, Lumbrosky and Sins 2009 study. Through experiencing this month-onk study, we saw changes. Every day before I went to sleep, I had to write three positive experiences or things I was grateful for. It was super simple, three sentences of I am grateful for, I am thankful for, etc. It could be anything like I'm happy I saw the sun or I laughed, but not stuff that compared my life to others like I'm happy to have water because others don't. The point of the project was simply to appreciate, not to force it or be a jerk to anyone suffering through poverty. A month after journalizing, I realized I was acknowledging all the positive things around me. Even the worst of days, good things would still happen. Though this hasn't cured my depression, it's become harder to give in to the dark pits of negativity. It makes my daily life just a little brighter. So why does gratitude affect depression? Actively thinking about positive things in your life releases hormones that are great for mood regulation. Neurotransmitters since his dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin activate pleasure centers and inhibit feelings of grief and worry. I still don't think gratitude is the opposite of depression. It's like what 10pm is to the morning. It's during the night, but it's still only one hour. Gratitude isn't a cure-all to depression, but it's the closest you can get to the opposite of the slippery slope that is depression.


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So, do I say good morning? We're almost midday. First of all, I'm glad to be back to my home country, which I consider as my home country because I was educated here, was my master's and PhD, so always good to be here. Your Excellency, Jeremy Hunt, Secretary of State of Health and Social Care, Joe Chiani, Founder and Chairman of the Patient Safety Movement Foundation. Earlier today I asked him, you must be crazy to start a movement.  So, we need more crazy people like him to start a movement and to change this world for good. And Sir Liam Donaldson, my colleague, colleagues, friends, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to start by thanking you for the invitation to come and speak to you at this very important meeting. This summit is vital forum for bringing together hospital leaders, patient advocates, policymakers, government leaders and the healthcare industry to discuss challenges, innovative new programs and best practices to prevent medical errors and take urgent action to improve patient safety. And I would like to congratulate you, my brother Jeremy, for your leadership on this issue as a global ambassador for patient safety and for initiating a series of annual global ministerial summits to build political momentum for global patient safety. You're all familiar with the famous principle that in medicine a doctor's primary responsibility is, I quote, first do no harm. And of course no one should be harmed while seeking care. But unfortunately we know this is not the case. I think of the 21-year-old man who died because the cancer drug he was given was mistakenly injected into his spine instead of his vein. The 79-year-old woman who was prescribed so many medicines she developed drug-induced Parkinson's disease. And the eight-year-old boy who died in his sleep after being given the wrong medicine just before bed. A pharmacist had mistakenly disposed, dispensed a powerful muscle relaxant that looked and tested the same at the drug the child was supposed to take for a sleep disorder. If only these were isolated incidents. But the reality is that every year millions of patients die or are injured because of unsafe and poor quality health care. Most of these deaths and injuries are totally avoidable. Adverse events are not estimated to be the forties leading cause of death and injury globally. That puts patients harm in the same league as tuberculosis and malaria. There are unestimated 421 million hospitalizations in the world every year. And on average one in ten of those results in adverse events. This is a frightening statistic. Especially when we know that at least half of adverse events could be prevented. Of course the odds are not the same everywhere. In a high income country like the UK with an advanced health system the rates of medical error are much lower. Although you have recently had some instances of patient harm that highlights the need for continuous improvement the reality is that UK is a global leader in patient safety. Last year a study of high income nations ranked UK at the top performing health system overall. And the top performing health system on patient safety. But UK is not just comparing with others. UK is saying still the situation we are in is unacceptable. And we have to go for zero preventable deaths that should be actually the indicator as what Joe indicated earlier. But as usual it's the poorest and most disadvantaged communities that suffer the most. Two thirds of adverse events occur in low and middle income countries. They are the last to benefit from advances in medicine but the most likely to suffer the consequences of medical errors. The harm takes many forms. People are harmed when health workers fail to clean their hands at the right moments using the right technique. People are harmed when injections are given using syringes that have simply been rinsed and reused to save money. People are harmed when medicines are mixed up or given in the wrong dose or at the wrong time. People are harmed when wrong procedures are followed before, during and after surgery or the wrong blood is transfused or something as simple as the wrong gown is worn. The good news is that there are solutions to each of these situations. WHO has evidence-based guidelines, checklists and other tools that can be used to protect patients and health workers from harm. The needless suffering of patients and their families is bad enough but each adverse event erodes the most precious resource in healthcare and that's trust. When people are unsure whether it's safe to seek care, they will cease to seek care. They will stay at home where their condition will get worse or they will infect others creating a greater burden of disease and greater costs for the health system. We saw this with devastating clarity in the West African Ebola epidemic in 2014 and 2015. Because of the perception that health services were unsafe and in some cases they were unsafe, many of those infected chose to stay at home. This creates pockets of disease that spread through communities with tragic consequences. This is why we say that universal health coverage and security are two sides of the same coin. When health services are not available or not affordable or not safe, the conditions arrive for disaster. And of course the economic costs of medical errors are astronomical. About 15% of all hospital activity and expenditure is a direct result of adverse events and the costs of treating safety failures amount to trillions of dollars each year. Here in the UK, the cost of excess patient day due to patient injuries has been estimated at more than 1 billion pounds. Let me put it simply. Medical errors aren't just bad medicine. They are bad economics. The investments needed to improve patient safety pale into insignificance compared with the costs of harm. The question therefore is not whether we can afford the interventions that will keep patients safe. The question is whether we can afford the status quo. This is especially true of medication-related harm. As Jeremy has said, medication-related harm is one area of patient safety where we can and must make a difference. Globally, the cost associated with medication errors alone has been estimated at 42 billion dollars annually. Last year, WHO took action to address public health challenges by launching a global medication without harm campaign that aims to reduce severe avoidable medication-related harm by 50% over the five years as Jeremy indicated earlier. We are aiming to address the weaknesses in health systems that lead to medication errors and severe harm that results. The reasons for medication errors are many. Some medicines look the same or sound the same. Sometimes patients identify are mixed up and the wrong drug is given to the wrong person. Sometimes mistakes are made in calculating dosy. But there are always there are ways to avoid all these errors. The medication without harm campaign aims to improve the way medicines are prescribed, distributed, administered and consumed and increase awareness among patients about the risks associated with the improper use of medication. Our message is simple. No, check, ask. Patients must know their medication. Check that it's the right dose and ask their health provider if their unsure. Health providers must also know their medication. Check that they have the right drug at the right dose for the right patient at the right time and ask the patient if they understand. No, check, ask. WHO is actively engaging countries to commit to the challenge and take urgent action to support countries we are developing guidance to reduce harm that results from high risk medicines and situations. Patients who take multiple medications and transitions of care which is often when mistakes are made. We are creating tools to inform patients about the risks and empower them to become more active participants in their own care. We're developing a medication safety curriculum for the education of healthcare professionals and we're defining research priorities to engage academic and research institutions. Medication errors do not only cause harm to the individual patient. They can also fuel the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Recently, WHO published the first report from global antimicrobial surveillance system known as glass and the findings are alarming. In some countries, up to 82% of bacterial infections are resistant to at least one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Medication errors are part of that story. When antibiotics are wrongly prescribed or are not taken correctly, it's not just the patient's health that's at risk. It's all of us. Ladies and gentlemen, there is no silver bullet for patient safety. There are no shortcuts, no quick fixes. But let me give you five building blocks that together create the environment in which errors can be avoided and people can be kept safe. First and foremost, importantly, committed leadership is important. I think Jeremy and Joe have already said it and Sir Liam too. Both at the national level and at the level of each individual health facility, we need leaders who will create a culture that puts patient safety at the apex of clinical care. Leadership to lay the right culture. I think it's unfortunate to be maybe a third or fourth speaker. Many of the things have been said which I agree and leadership as has been said earlier is central. The aviation industry has made passenger safety its highest priority and the construction industry has put a premium on the safety of workers so patient safety must become part of the DNA of healthcare. That takes political commitment from the highest levels. Second, clear policies. Every health worker must know and understand the best practices based on the best evidence for keeping patients safe. This includes clear policies on reporting and learning from medical errors and what to do about them when they happen. A vital part of this is to create an open culture that increases the incentives for reporting adverse events and errors and removes the incentives for hiding them. In that regard, I also commend the UK for establishing a system for blame free reporting and a learning system. This is the kind of leadership that's crucial for creating a patient safety culture. Third, data driven investments. Robust data systems are vital for tracking what's working and what's not. So that we can learn and make adjustments continuously for competent and compassionate health professionals in sufficient numbers. This is vital. Policies and systems are important but in the end health services are delivered by people, humans. Very often harm happens not because incompetence or neglect because of incompetence or neglect but because health workers are tired and overworked. Health facilities are overcrowded or because of staff shortages poor training or the wrong information being given to patients. We must therefore give all health workers the conditions, the skills, the training and the tools to do their jobs to the best of their ability. And fifth, we must involve patients and their families are true partners in care. Too often health services are delivered in a way that makes people passive recipients of their own care instead of active participants. When people are empowered to take charge of their own care when they are listened to informed and consulted when their needs and preferences are respected the odds of errors and harm are dramatically lower. This is what we mean by people-centered care. It's one of the foundations of patient safety and it's one of the hallmarks of the world's best health systems. As you know, there is no higher priority at WHO than universal health coverage built on the foundation of health systems that deliver people-centered care. Ensuring that people can access health services that are safe, effective, affordable and of good quality without facing financial hardship is one of the best investments a country can make. It's not only an investment in better healths it's a platform for stable, equitable and prosperous societies. This year is WHO's 70th birthday. We were founded in 1948 on the conviction that health is a human right, not a privilege. And by a happy coincidence this year is also the 70th birthday of the National Health Service here in UK. In many ways, the NHS is embodiment of WHO's vision and is leaving proof that with political commitment universal health coverage is not a pipe dream. It can be a reality. I know the NHS is not perfect. No health system is or ever will be. I know you face challenges and constraints. I know that recently several incidents have focused attention on patient safety here in the UK. It shows that patient groups, advocates and the media are doing their jobs. Again, Jeremy, I congratulate you for the steps you're taking to ensure the UK learns from these experiences and puts measures in place to ensure they're not repeated and the transparency you're introducing into the system. That's the basis to have a continuous improvement in the system. But for 70 years the NHS has been ensuring that access to health services is a right for all Britans, rich and poor. NHS and you are a role model for the world. That's why I'm proud that WHO and the British government are working together to improve patient safety in low and middle income countries by building leadership and the human resources to make a difference. Ladies and gentlemen, we all know that to err is human but it's also human to care. It's human to want to do better. It's human to do our best to keep our brothers and sisters safe. As leaders you have the power to affect change that saves lives and prevents needless suffering. You have the power to make no one is harmed while seeking care. Those of you in industry can harness the power of innovation to develop technologies and tools that make care safer and cost effective as Joe had said earlier powerfully. Those of you who run hospitals can establish a positive safety culture by breaking down the structures that inhibit reporting and creating multidisciplinary teams that provide safe people-centered care. Those of you in government can put in place clear policies based on the best evidence to reduce the risk of harm, prevent adverse events and errors and ensure that when they do happen they are reported in a blame-free culture. Those of you who are advocates can continue using your voices to raise awareness of these issues and to keep us all accountable. Everyone has a role to play. Together we must build strong leadership to create a safety culture and an open environment for blame-free reporting. We must engage patients and families in their own care and foster better interaction between patients and providers. And we must share best practices and successful models. At the beginning of my remarks I gave you three examples of people who were harmed or killed because of medical error. Each one is a tragedy but each one has led to change that will help prevent the same thing from happening to someone else. The incident involving the 21-year-old man who died because his cancer medication was wrongly administered led to changes that reduce the room of error and a campaign called Just Bug It urges hospital pharmacies to prepare the drug in question in a small drip bag instead of a syringe. The 79-year-old woman's daughter researched her mother's condition and realized she might have been suffering from drug-induced Parkinson's disease. Once she was taken of the medicines the symptoms disappeared. And the parents of the 80-year-old boy who died in his sleep have begun a campaign to improve reporting of medication errors. Every instance of patient harm is a tragedy but it's a worse tragedy if we do not learn from them and resolve that the same thing will never happen again. Let me assure you that WHO is committed to the safety of every patient working with countries to put in place systems, processes and practices for ensuring safer care. We are committed to working in close collaboration with the Patient Safety Movement Foundation and other partners to ensure zero preventable diseases by 2020. And I join Jeremy to thank Joe for bringing us here all together for starting the movement and I also thank Jeremy for his leadership on this. We share the same vision that no lives are harmed or lost during the provision of healthcare. Together we can change the tide. Thank you so much.


Hey, fellow buddies. Thanks for watching. Okay, I have 23 big money Bolo's coming your way items that I bought low and sold high I'm gonna tell you where I got it what I paid for it and what it sold for these items sold on eBay And I picked them up at different places lots of garage sales thrift stores some YouTube The first item was gifted to me and I'm gonna tell you about that and It was actually Purchased from another youtuber from my eBay store. So I'm gonna tell you all about it kind of a fun little story It just keeps like switching hands from YouTuber to youtuber to youtuber so kind of fun. All right, let's get started and you guys need to make sure you're subbed to Both these channels when I share them with you, okay? Because they are both big money Bolo finders I mean amazing. So I Think they're better than me they find a lot of really good stuff Okay, let's get started. I shouldn't have said that. All right Okay So let's talk about The video I want you to go watch so right here this one that says wow so in this video I unbox a Box full of Bolo is pretty much and one of my members of my Bolo buddies YouTube channel I have memberships if you guys want to check that out. There's a down below. It says join it's kind of by subscribe and you can check that out if you would like and She's like can I send you a box and I'm like okay And so she mailed it to me and I was like well, I'm gonna do an unboxing on my channel, of course And then I listed everything and popped up screenshots of how I listed everything But I just sold one of the items. So this is the video if you want to check and see what else I got Just so kind so awesome and such fun. So I Got this from Terry over at mindful recycle and I will tell you she is So good at her job. She finds so many Bolo items and you guys are gonna learn a ton from her channel Now she is taking a little bit of a YouTube break. I'm hoping she comes back soon because her videos are amazing If you want to learn so Check her out. She's at 640 subscribers. Let's try to get her to 700 and say everybody put in the comments of one or For videos come back. All right Now this was purchased from Vicky and They have the YouTube channel Katie and Vicky. So Vicky bought this item for Katie because Katie loves wait for it ET So mindful recycle sent me ET in a Bolo box It was actually a buddy box, but I call it a Bolo box and then Vicky bought it for Katie So it's just this little ET alien has been everywhere He is just floating around and he is super super cool. He like talks and lights up. He's kind of like a Furby only he's ET So before we go too far if you guys want to learn about some major Bolo's a lot of vintage clothing over here But also hard goods, I'm telling you this channel is Fantastic and you will learn a ton. So definitely go and sub them up. All right So ET let's talk about ET. He came in a box. So I got him free I ended up taking a best offer of $55 and The buyer was all in which it was Kate or Vicky for Katie $73 and 51 cents for this guy I do have a video that I put over on my reseller testing products So I highly recommend if you guys have items like this to put a video in your description To show that the item works and how it works and if you'd like to learn how to do this I do have a video on my channel that teaches you how to do that But definitely Bolo for this guy and I know that Terry mindful recycle bought a couple of these I think she sourced them at a garage sale and she sold one also I can't remember what her sold for and remember seeing it when I was looking through her solds, but Yeah, I was like I sold that ditch. Wait, she gave me that what's going on and then she told me she had two So all right the next item. Oh my goodness you guys These are amazing Bolo's and I could not believe my eyes when I walked up to this garage sale And it was just sitting there in plain sight for one dollar Gold collection dimensions always look them up if they're a dollar Just grab it and go you're gonna make your money back This sold for 72 dollars plus shipping The next item is this vintage coddy sweet earth cologne wildflower rose honeysuckle Lavender jasmine. I got this at a garage sale for one dollar. It's a little set I did pull them out just to kind of show that How much was in each one of them and I ended up taking a best offer of 50 dollars and the buyer paid shipping I do feel like I could have gotten full asking price if I would have waited it out But I probably would have been waiting for the right buyer for a while. So 50 dollars was good I only paid a dollar for it. So The next item are these mega blocks. I picked these up at a garage sale. It was a bulk lot They were all together just like you see them I want to say I paid five bucks for them And I ended up taking or I ended up selling them on sale I was had a 28 off sale going on and they sold for 50 dollars and 39 cents. These are replacement parts you guys um, there may be be some that are complete or I'm not sure but somebody who knows about mega blocks. They can probably I don't know. I mean that guy looks complete. There might be some that are complete in there But yeah, and then there's parts that could go to I don't know But anyway, 50 dollars and 39 cents buyer was all in for 62 48 The next item that sold I have a video sourcing this and it says Always dig on the front and I believe this is on my bolo buddies main channel And I ended up selling this for 50 dollars. I paid a dollar for it at a garage sale. The buyer was all in for 59 28 And it is a stitch in style so What they are is like little Like zippers and buttons that go on barbie clothing and their original Very old from 1969. So super super cool find. I was so excited I found it with a bunch of sewing stuff. So definitely check out that video The next item I picked up at a garage sale for 10 dollars and I almost didn't buy it because the box was huge I'm not a big fan of shipping stuff like this, but I was like This is going to be a bolo. It's 10 dollars just Just buy it and ship it and it sold really quick for 74 dollars. The buyer was all in for 116 19 It's called a swiffer and it's like an air swing that you stand on like a surfboard. I don't know It's really weird never seen anything like it, but um, yeah, it's sold quick The next item I sold I got from the same garage sale as the swiffer And I paid five dollars for this. It's a sewerski and I may be saying that wrong crystal accents blue buckle bracelet And I sold this for 50 dollars. The buyer was all in for 61 48 The next item is this vintage paul sacks vintage dress I said vintage twice. Um, it does have issues. There's like a hole here and a hole there and some I don't know what's going on there. It's like the material rubbed um I can't remember where I got this. I think it was a garage sale and I bought some other vintage clothing items It was just super it's cute. It's like fancy cute I mean not I wouldn't wear it or anything like that, but I could see somebody wanting it But really really old I sold this for a best offer of 38 dollars in the buyer paid shipping The next item is this barbie winter ride horse and barbie And it's a pink box from 1998 and I sold it for 59 dollars and 99 cents The buyer was all in for 90 11 and I believe I got this at a garage sale. It was either two dollars or three dollars I got two. I got barbies from two sales close together That summer. So I'm not sure which one it was but it was either two or three bucks This is a major bolo the Grinch Whoville you guys I almost left this behind. I got this at a garage sale for five dollars And it does have extra pieces to it But these comp out really really well. I was pleasantly surprised. It sold really fast For 148 dollars and the buyer paid shipping The next item sold fast. Also, it's this vintage cowboy garfield. I picked it up at a garage sale for two dollars I do have footage of me sourcing it, but I don't think I've released the video yet This guy sold for 44 and 40 cents and again, I paid two dollars for him and the buyer paid shipping The next item is this lego star wars set. I got it at a garage sale for 10 bucks. It was sealed. It's from 2019 So it's retired. I took a best offer of 50 dollars and the buyer paid shipping The next item are these harley davidson unlined rain pants with stirrups size small I took a best offer of 40 dollars on these and the buyer paid shipping I Don't do a lot of clothes, but I wasn't going to pass up those because the price was good Uh, I got these beans out of a mystery box. These are called mighty beans They are toy figures and they're kind of like weevil wobbles like if you bump it to the side, it'll pop back up Um, I sold these for 35 dollars and the buyer paid shipping. So I did take a best offer on those This was another item that came out of a dibble box that I purchased off of donna telebotilino It's a dibble box is a dibble bit of this and a dibble bit of that I bought a man's dibble box Uh, there were some items I wanted for my husband and this was one of the items in there And he's like i'm gonna keep that car and i'm like for what? Like to look at like no, we need to sell that you can keep the watches and the coins I'm going to sell the car. Um, he's like, all right, and I sold it for 54 dollars and 20 cents and the buyer paid shipping So definitely check out donna telebotilino and auctions for you Their links are down in the description of the video. The next one is this lot of 20 vintage skeleton keys I picked this up at a garage sale for two dollars and 50 cents And they sold for 59 dollars and 20 cents in the buyer paid shipping and um, it's funny because This was right at the beginning of the unboxing and I was already like no i'm gonna sell that after I had told him He could keep whatever he wanted Pretty funny. Uh, the next item is this eden pure, uh infrared zone heater so, uh, this sold for 90 dollars. I picked it up at a garage sale for 15 So they were all in for 120 to 92 now This was brand new with an open box One thing you got to watch with these if they're used Back here in the vent area. It can get like full of yuck Yucky yuck yuck and you'll have to clean it So I typically won't pick these up anymore if they're pre-owned just because it grosses me out And I don't want to clean it but this one was new so I went ahead and grabbed it The next item is this retired halloween fiber optic witch And I picked her up for 80 dollars and the buyer was all in for 99 54 I got her at the goodwill for six dollars So the video that I was just talking about that I have not with the garfield By the time I post this that video will probably be out And so will the video where I sourced this So look for my goodwill video my goodwill halloween video because I hit the jackpot that day Anyway, I paid six dollars for her and took a best offer of 80 The next item is this my step two or I'm sorry step two my first advent calendar I got this at a garage sale. I want to say I paid ten dollars for it But I didn't write it down. So it was a little bit high It's not really that high is it but to me it's like ten dollars I sold this for 50 dollars best offer the buyer was all in for 91 88 And it's super cool. You pull out these little drawers and You can put like little trinkets in them and then the kids will Open them like each day. It's an advent calendar I mean, I guess an adult could but I'm this is more geared towards kids and then on Christmas They opened the bottom one and it's got something inside that so super super cool item And it was new old stock. So I was excited to find that The next item is this long hamburger Mini baking dish with the strawberry insert. So from what I understand you buy the strawberry insert separately And the other piece comes together and this is it's a three piece set here And this sold for 59 dollars and 99 cents. It sold auction style first round And the buyer paid shipping on that and I paid five dollars at a garage sale The next item is this Olaf disney frozen Gemmy, I think it's a yeah gemmy g emmy inflatable And where did I get that? I got that at a garage sale for five dollars and I sold it for 65 plus shipping The next item is amazing. Um I paid up for this. I paid 20 dollars for this you guys And when I saw 20 dollars, I almost just kept walking and then I was like, I better look that up And um, I didn't do like a deep search of what comps were and everything and what all was included I just did a basic search thing to see if I could make money because I was at the sale So when I got home and comped it out and realized that I had the cookie jar also, um I was pleasantly surprised. I ended up selling this for 275 dollars and the buyer paid shipping So that is definitely my biggest money bolo of this video The next item is also a big money bolo. Um, I had this up for auction for 74 dollars and 99 cents Somebody offered me 100 dollars and I went ahead and took it Um, I don't know if I would have gotten a bidding war or not. It is darling It's got this nautical scene. I could see somebody who has a doll house and maybe they have an extra bathroom And they want it to be like the kid's bathroom because it's got this cute nautical theme Or maybe it's like a like theme or something. I don't know but really really cute hard to find rare item I couldn't find any comps On this so I priced it high and um was hoping for a bidding war and ended up getting that offer So I actually took the offer when I was making one of my other videos the other night So kind of funny when you get um an offer and you're like, should I take it? Um, I was kind of like having a conversation with myself and I'm like, I'm gonna take it So thank you guys for being here. That concludes 23 big money bolos Let me know what you think in the comments. Which was your favorite item? and again, go check out terry from mindful recycle and katie and vicki because again, you guys will learn so much from them. They're amazing all three of them and Big money bolo binders big money. All right, you guys if you made it this far Type into the comments big money. All right. Thanks for watching


Ieithaf. Y cyfleidiau ymlaen, yn gweithio'r cyfleidiau, ac mae cyfleidiau yma yma mae Hernad Arrhyll MacNeill, Llyfrgell Llyfrgell, Glyn Rothes High School. Yr yn cyfleidiau gweithio'r cyfleidiau a Genegal Ruth, mae rwy'n gweithio i mi hyn yn gwneud. Felly, rydyn ni'n meddwl i'r parlyfod, CERATG yn ddiechrau, nad oes yn ei ddiechydd rwyf i arnyntgo'r cyfleidiau, zdiwylo nifer o hynny i dynnu IWMA, ac dynnu hynny i ddweud yn wgwymiad, International Women's Day not only celebrates women of various political, social and economic standing, it is rooted in striving for equality and honours those who campaigned for women's rights. The aim of equality requires a collaborative effort and so I would ask that Parliament takes time this week, as I have done, to reflect upon the women who have impacted significantly upon our lives and how they have helped shape our values and our thinking over time. As someone who grew up in working-class Renfusher during the 1980s and 90s, I will always be grateful to Pat Cunningham, my history teacher. She inspired me to be the first woman in my family to go to university. Her knowledge and passion for history and politics twinned with her quirky humour and dress sense encouraged me to be aspirational and to develop a strong social conscience. From Pat Cunningham, not only did I learn to love the suffrage movement who secured the franchise for women, she influenced my path towards becoming a teacher of modern studies, history and ultimately a head teacher. If Emmeline Pankhurst were addressing Parliament today, as she did in 1912, she would incite this meeting to rebellion. Presiding officer, please rest assured that that is not my intention today. As a student teacher in 1995, at the same time as genocide was occurring in Srebrenica, I would teach pupils in modern studies about the Balkan crisis and about Sarajevo sparking the Great War in history. In 2018, I was privileged to form part of an all-women delegation visiting Bosnia on behalf of Remembring Srebrenica Scotland. Whilst there, we met Dr Branca, founder of an NGO named Power of Women, who support victims of rape camps that existed during the Balkan crisis. Dr Branca had the most profound effect on me, having given her free time for almost 30 years to support the holistic health and repatriation of Bosniac women. She empowered survivors to move away from objectification and dehumanisation towards a sense of independence, pride and purpose in running their own cooperative. All of these women helped shape my moral purpose, but who have shaped yours? Please take time this week to reflect upon this. Thank you.


I'm here with Scandium Canada with Guy Barrassa. How are you today? I'm very good. Thanks for having me on the air. So, Peter, what are you doing here and what's your number one agenda? Well, what we're doing here is awareness about Scandium Canada. Awareness about Scandium in itself, because very few people understand what Scandium is and what it can bring to the planet. So our main objective is to put us on the map and make people aware of the level of advancement of our project. Well, we know what Scandium is and we've been following Scandium for years and we are delighted to have such a successful CEO join the market because I think we've needed that. We've needed someone who can prove they can turn a Scandium company into something we all need to be participating in. That's exactly why I was dragged out of my retirement because it's the same experience as I lived through all of the Damascus-Litium file over 10 years from a historical showing to a construction, financing over 10 years, all of the permitting First Nations negotiations. So if you look at Scandium Canada today, it's like Damascus-Litium in 2012. But with the necessity to educate people like any Litium project in 2009-2010, the difference, very positive in this case, is that once I have put the Scandium on the map and the people understand about Scandium, I will not have contrary to Litium to explain why there would be a market to take the Scandium and the Mineraloi. It can reduce weight significantly for any part that you're going to change from steel, from titanium to a bar of aluminum, Scandium aluminum alloy. Therefore, you're going to be helping the planet by reducing the weight, you're going to reduce the GHG, you're going to be going through a net zero environment. So that's why Scandium is so important. And why is Scandium Canada so important? Currently, the only source of supply of Scandium comes as a byproduct of another mineral. Supply very limited and strictly from Russia and China. The world needs a primary source of Scandium. And you know what? The only one known in the world belongs to Scandium Canada. And that's exactly why they came and asked me, could you please bring it to the construction level? And I gladly accepted. Well, we are very excited that you joined and are leading up Scandium Canada. Of course, we're following the aerospace and the military applications. Scandium is on pretty much every critical mineral list in the world. Yes. And we're fortunate that it is on the Canadian critical mineral list because as you know, markets are down, markets are bad, very difficult to bring additional money to advance a project at this stage. Or we must rely on subsidies, very large package of subsidy in Canada for the advancement, rapid advancement of a project to the shovel ready and to construction phase. $1.5 billion Canadian is the critical mineral infrastructure fund. In our case, we're north of the 55th parallel, Northeast Quebec. We can receive 75% subsidy. Imagine 75% of the expenses subsidized, no dilution. So currently we just applied for a $9.5 million subsidy to fund 75% of the next two years of expense. You know a lot of juniors that have that in their bank account? No. Well, of course, most juniors don't have such a successful CEO, either he. There's a few competitive reasons here for people to pull up their sleeves and do their due diligence on Scandium Canada. Can you give our audience a couple of competitive reasons why Scandium Canada, they should push everything aside and do some due diligence on Scandium Canada? Oh, absolutely. And I'll repeat myself, of course, but it's the only primary source in the world. There's no other source. Yes, you have comparables. And like in 2009, 2010, everybody was trying to attach lithium to a press release to try to attract interest. The last two, three months have started to see the same thing happening with people saying, oh, we have Scandium in our analysis, a little bit of Scandium, but we have Scandium. So it's interesting because we need new sources, but a primary source able to meet the demand market by increasing its capacity, there's only one. On top of this, we have a preliminary economic assessment that delivered in 2022 to that came to 1.7 billion net present value at 10% discount, only relating to 300 meters of a one of the five zones identified over a 14 kilometer radius on the property. So it's going to be a large resource, it's going to be a very, very long time. I do the parallel with Neobium. 50 years ago, Neobium was not used with the steel industry. When they were able to determine that adding Neobium to iron, they made the ferron Neobium alloy completely change the steel industry. Scandium Canada is going to do the same thing for the aluminum sector. And of course, in addition to that, you have experience making end user deals. To me, that's a competitive advantage. Have you started looking in that direction? I mean, you just recently joined the company, the company's changed its name, rebranding great new trading symbol, SCD, like Scandium. Have you started moving in that direction yet? Yes, of course. It's a large end users, potential large end users. We made a research just as an example, Airbus. You do Airbus on Google, Airbus patent Scandium alloy, you're going to have about 15 patent that they own. They cannot use them currently. There's not enough supply available. So you're not going to change a part in the plane or launch a new series with Scandium aluminum alloy if you're not certain of having that. So we're talking with the large potential end users. We're talking with the aluminum smelters and we're talking with everybody that can have an interest in deploying that new product. So what should shareholders, I mean, now that you're on board and driving the bus, Scandium bus, what should shareholders be looking forward to in the next quarter or two? Oh, just as a reminder, 1.7 billion net present value, usually the rule of thumb for a company of this size with that type of advancement in a project should be trading 10% of that net present value. Currently, we're trading at less than 1% of that net present value. So there's definitely an upside potential rapidly. I think that for the next quarter, you will see, you should see signing of a pre-development agreement with some First Nations that we're involved with. You're going to see that we are starting a technical, geotechnical drilling on the property. You're going to see a lot of very interesting things in the next one, two quarters. Well, Guy, thank you so much for joining us today. We love Scandium. It's on every critical mineral list. And we look forward to following your unquestionable success. Thank you. Thank you again.


My name is Emily and thank you for joining me this evening for some gentle yoga Tonight, we're going to be a little different. So instead of being in a chair We'll be on the floor for the joint freeing series by Wakanda Styles. So this particular series is It's meant to increase mobility and hopefully decrease pain by moving our joints Bringing some more snowbill fluid into our joints and just hoping to lubricate our joints. So there's Easier range of motion and mobility But before we get started, I do want to preface this with do what feels best for your body So if it feels best to be in a chair, go ahead and sit in a chair with your legs at a 90 degree angle bringing your seat forward if necessary and Also, if some of the movements that I suggest seem like they're not best for your body Please feel free to modify it or completely skip this pose because everything we do should be beneficial to our practice in our own bodies so If you feel like putting on some music, I'll invite you to put on some music or Grab a chair if you'd like to get a chair Please make sure it's one without arms that you can swing your arms freely So without further ado, we'll get into our joint freeing series I'll hold most poses. They're about 21 or about three breaths each if you hear me. Just inhaling. I'll be inhaling through my nose exhaling through my mouth and that will also be a reminder To you for your breathing, but also to help us count So the first pose we're getting into is Tandasana It's our stick pose. So we'll start with our ankles. Feel free to support your body by gently Pointing your fingers out so we'll start with bringing our toes up pointing to the sky and we'll inhale here and then exhale Inhale point. We'll be clapping our toes or feet basically So toes are together feet feet are relaxed and we'll inhale Feet together and on the exhale will bring the soles of our feet together Inhaling supporting your body if you'd like. Let's do some circles Inhaling bringing toes out will change opposite direction inhaling Circling in here. We'll bring our body straight finding some length with our spine And we'll inhale lifting the legs slightly exhale Bending the knee in so if it doesn't feel good to bring your leg off the floor perhaps Bringing it off slightly or keeping the heel on the floor and just bringing your knee up to whatever feels good for you So let's do three on each side inhale Coming down opposite foot now Inhale feet coming down For this one swinging one leg out to the side and then swinging it in so using our toes to guide us really getting up into our hip joint Feel free to support your body With your hands pointing with your fingers pointing back. Let's inhale swooping out toe pointing out Exhale Opposite side Exhale Exhale Onto your hands and knees into our tabletop position We'll move into our cat and cat pose for spine flexion and extension Let's do hands shoulder with the part knees shoulder with the part if you see that you're falling Pretend that you're pushing into the ground. So really strong through the arms here We'll inhale dropping the belly lifting the head Exhale opposite direction head Here we'll extend one leg out feel free to modify this as you'd like so perhaps Just bringing the toe out or perhaps Coming up about a parallel from keeping parallel to the floor So we're in an inhale extend keeping our shoulders Square and solid exhale curl Coming down Feel free to shake it out. It's feeling a little rough on the wrists there coming back into our cat Excuse me into our tabletop position shoulder with the part Opposite leg Inhale coming out Here We're going to bring we'll be in tabletop position but bringing our hands out a little further Bringing the knees together So inhale here And then dropping the waist. Let's see if this position for this angle is a little easier to see So hands under the shoulder my knees are together. I'll inhale squeezing my thighs and then exhale Flailing out to the side but in control so not completely loosey-goosey, right? So in a controlled smooth motion. So inhaling So if this feels good, I'll feel free to come back to your legs Sitting like this Consequently this position is also good for a congestion If not, feel free to just sit In whatever position feels good So getting into our wrists will inhale Hands coming up and so similar to what we did with our feet that will fail will bring our hands out And then exhaling together so inhale inhale and on the exhale bring your Bring your fingertips to your shoulders Inhaling let's leave our fingertips on the shoulders and we'll inhale opening inhale arms coming out Try to keep a 90 degree angle. So inhale here And then exhale Rotating down trying to keep that 90 degree angle and trying to relax those shoulders down See I'm having a difficult time with this shoulder Let's inhale up inhale swing the hands up, and then we'll exhale bringing our hands back exhale Relax if you're still on the knees, let's come into a seated position Then we're going to move into a cat cat pose, but just on the floor So we'll inhale opening the shoulders bringing the neck up And then exhale will close making it with a C with our body So let's start inhaling. Oh, we did center position So here, let's do a little flow, but we'll do some extension So placing one hand on the ground will inhale And then exhale the spinal twist that's inhale bringing some length through our spine And then very gently starting with our belly button Turn bringing the opposite hand the opposite knee Let's take our three breaths here Inhaling inhale and release Let's inhale finding some length And then exhale leaving with the belly button Let's take our three breaths here and have the fine length And then exhale Let's release And moving into the neck we'll inhale bringing the head back Coming to center And on the exhale dropping an ear To the shoulder Inhaling center Exhale and dropping to the opposite side Focus on those shoulders and find the little relaxation possible On this inhale coming center Exhale bringing your chin to your chest And then we'll inhale coming to one side And exhale Coming center Inhaling opposite side And exhale coming center Moving with your breath Let's inhale bringing our head up And exhale here So that was the joint freeing series by Mukunda Styles And again, it's to help bring a little more mobility to your joints and your body And hopefully easing some pain in your body too If it's something you can incorporate into your daily routine That would be absolutely fantastic All right, let's inhale together here Hands together at the top Bring your palms to your heart May you move with ease Peace and joy