Hey everybody, welcome to the Wallach Way. I'm Jessica, and today's video is going to be a homeschool show and tell. The homeschool show and tell is an open collaboration hosted by Abby from Rooted and Rest and Myself. Our goal with the homeschool show and tell was really just to showcase that there's not one right way to homeschool. And we do that by bringing homeschoolers together from around the world to share their take on a different topic each month. This month's topic is one that I am ridiculously excited about because we are all going to be sharing our favorite games. If you're new around here or if you don't know, I am obsessed with games. We own over 500. We incorporate them into our homeschool. And we have family game nights almost weekly. So I'm beyond elated to share all of our favorite games with you. And I cannot wait to watch everybody's video in the playlist, which I will link in the description box to see what games they're gonna be sharing because, well, my Amazon cart just might fill up. Now, because we have so many games, picking favorites was nearly impossible. Like I always joke that I can totally pick a favorite kid since well, I only have one. Picking a favorite game is torture. So what we did is we decided to each pick one game in a few different categories. So today I'm gonna be sharing three top picks. So I picked one, Emily picked one and Kevin picked one in math, language arts, science, geography and history, family fun and then our most played recently. So that's going to be 18 games that I'm gonna be sharing with you today. First up, we have math. So our first pick for math is ads Monday. I absolutely love this game because you can play on different levels. So there are different cards that have either one star at the top, two stars at the top or three stars at the top and you can all play different levels. So unlike some games where I feel like I have to force myself to slow down or even dumb down a little bit, this gives us the ability to all play at the level that we're at. So Emily can play a little bit easier and it's equally as challenging for her as it is for me as she grows, it can change. And I love that it challenges you to think outside the box. So the goal is that you are trying to use the numbers on the outside to make a math problem that gives you the answer of the number on the inside of the card. So it's really making you think outside the box when it comes to math. It's not just a simple math equation, but you're really having to think like, what can I do to come up with that number? And I love that it's making you think about math in different ways and then it makes it fun. Next we have, sorry, I knew it was gonna make that noise, money backs. This is Emily's pick. She is obsessed with it. She loves it. I think it's near and dear to her heart because it really did help make money make sense to her. And it just made counting coins and being able to make change so much easier than trying to learn it with pen and paper. So this is a huge recommendation from us if you are trying to teach your kids money specifically change or up to a dollar. And then last we have prime climb. This is another one that you can do all four operations. You can work addition, subtraction, multiplication and division with it. And it really does kind of help you meet your child where they're at. It's also luck at the same time. So it's not one where just because your math is better than the person next to you that you're automatically gonna win. And it's just a really fun way to practice all of those math skills. Next we have language arts. So we have three different language arts games here for you. The first one is word around. This one is great for vocabulary and even spelling. So when you see the back of the card, this is black.   So you flip it over, don't drop it. And you race to see who can figure out whatever word is hidden around that specific circle. It is a lot of fun, especially working those eye muscles, trying to read a word around. It's great for reading skills. It's great for vocabulary. And it's really great for spelling because you're like, oh, okay, that's how that's spelled. Next we have possum. This is, it's very similar to Aussie. So of course this is the one that Kevin picked, but you're trying to find words that fit into different parts of speech when you roll the dice. So you're looking for three, four and five letter nouns, three, four and five letter verbs, three, four and five letter adjectives, and then five and six letter any. So it's just kind of a fun dice rolling game, but again, you're working on spelling and parts of speech. And I really like that they're also working on math secretly because they have to add up their score at the end. So that's one of those games that kind of has a dual purpose. And then the last language arts game I have is super sleuth. This is a really fun game because you are working on different multiple meaning words. So you have synonyms, antonyms, homophones and multiple meaning words. And you get these cute little cards and it has questions that you answer.  And then you collect little badges for each one you answer correctly. So it's just a really fun way to practice different multiple meaning words. It helps a ton with vocabulary. And again, trying to master what each of those different things are. Next, we have science. So the first one we have is scabs and guts. This is a really fun trivia game where you're working around and asking really funny questions and trivia questions about, I mean, it's just hilarious. Like the guts ones, it talks about farts which means Emily loves it, it's hilarious. This same company makes a bugs and slugs one that is equally fun. So depending on whether your kids are more interested in human body or bugs and slugs, you could get whichever one suited their interests more. Then we have wildcraft, which is an herbal adventure. This was one that we used with Waldox, Wizards and Wands herbology and it became a favorite. You are working your way up the mountain to get some berries for grandma. And along the way, different things happen. Like you get diarrhea and you have to figure out what herb would help fix that problem. The best part about it is that this particular game is cooperative, which means you're all working together.  You're not trying to like beat each other which is really great, especially if you have kids who are kind of in the sore loser stage which I find happens a lot between about four and six.  So it's kind of the perfect game for that. And then we also have bird bingo. Now I love all of these bingos. Like I'm obsessed with bird bingo, bug bingo, cat, dog, monkey, ocean. They are absolutely gorgeous. I mean, just 110% on the illustrations. And not only are they beautiful, they are also very educational because each one comes with the gorgeous bingo cards and also a guide to whatever it is. So this is a guide to the birds and it tells you more about each of the birds. And so what we do is when we call a bird out for our bingo cards, we take the time to read the information about them in the guidebook. So we are playing a game and learning more about them. And like I said, there are dinosaurs, birds, bugs, monkeys, cats, dogs, ocean. I believe there is now an Australia's deadliest animals, which is on my wish list. We own almost all of them and they're all equally gorgeous. For history and geography, we have the Professor Noggin trivia decks. These are one of my personal favorite because they come in so many different topics and there are varying difficulties of questions on the back. So you have easy and you have hard and it really does feel game-like because it has the dice component where you get to roll the dice to see which question you're gonna be answering. But I love that there is one for almost any historical unit study we could possibly do. So if we were gonna do explorers, they have one for that. This is US history. They have presidents, they have ancient civilizations. I mean, they have medieval. Like there's one for almost everything. And I love that. So I love that we can be doing trivia and playing games and learning history at the same time. There's also even one for art history, which is fantastic. Next we have scrambling the states of America. This is super fun because it comes with a book that explains to you why the states got all scrambled up and then your job is to kind of like unscramble them. One of the things I love about this game is that unlike a few other kind of American state-based games, you don't have to know anything going into it. So I find some games are a little bit cumbersome if you don't already know your states and capitals or you don't know the information. And this isn't one of them. So you don't have to know what going in. You can know very little, if not nothing, about the states and the capitals and the geography of US and still play this and have fun and be learning while you're doing it. So I really like that, that it's a very introductory game but you're still learning a ton. Last we have trekking the world by underdog games. There is also a trekking the parks. We love both of them equally. So whether you want to explore the world or explore the national parks, both are absolutely gorgeous, very well-made, amazing games. And soon they're even going to be releasing a traveling through history, I believe is what it's called. It's a history game though and I cannot wait to get my hands on that one. I already did the Kickstarter funding because I'm so excited to have this kind of quality in a history-based game. All right, so these are our family favorites. They are the one that we tend to gravitate to the most over all times. This is not going to be a surprise to any of you guys. Yahtzee is Kevin's pick. He will pick Yahtzee 99.9% of the time. It is his absolute favorite game. It's also how Emily learned her math back so it's kind of near and dear to our heart. Next we have Quirkle. I'm going to pick this one 99.9% of the time. It is my absolute favorite game. And another thing I love about it is that you can play it with very little kids because all you have to do is no colors and shapes. There's no reading involved in this game so you can teach pretty young kids to play this one. And then Emily is that she's gonna pick 99.9% of the time is Dragonwood. This game is tried and true. We all actually love it but it is played very often at our house and it is another one that you really can't go wrong with. It's one that we purchase for a lot of birthdays because it's one that all the kids love. This and Sleeping Queens I would say are my pretty much like go-to birthday gifts. So there you go, you just got a bonus game. And last I'm gonna share with you the games that have been played the most frequently lately because I find that we tend to get into a cycle or not a rut, I don't like to call it a rut but kind of where we're picking the same things we find a new game that we enjoy and we're wanting to play it on repeat. And so these are the three that have been pulled frequently for family game nights recently. We have Taco Cat Goat Cheese Pizza. It is very, very fun. Racco which is a little nostalgic but it's still again really fun and they're quick gameplay and sorry. And then Clue. The original Clue would be our favorite. This is as close to the originals I think you can get now and we really like to play it and then watch the movie Clue. So that's typically like a family movie and game night that we like, that's it. I did my absolute best to narrow it down so you got 18 of our favorite games in different categories and then a bonus game so a total of 19 games in this video. Please tell me in the comments what your favorite games are so I can add them to my list if we don't already own them and don't forget to check out the description box for the playlist of all of the other people sharing their favorite games.


it act to amend the firearms act cap 14.12 clause two interpretation clause two stands part of the bill clause three amendment of section two clause three stands part of the bill clause four deletion of section three clause four stands part of the bill clause five insertion of new part 1a clause five stands part of the bill president sorry apologies senator senator Lee I wish to propose the following amendment to two b after the existing clauses a and b that means which clause are you referring to which section so that section five to be disqualification one second it's on page 11 sorry section five to be right disqualification page 11 so after the existing section subsections a and b I propose that we insert subsection c has filed for bankruptcy in a court or is declared by a court to be a bankrupt an additional subsection d is declared by a court to be mentally incapacitated by reason of insolveness of mind and a subsection e has been convicted of a criminal offense except if the offense is one a minor road traffic offense or two is spent in accordance with the criminal records rehabilitation of offenders act cap 3.13 I think they have government business so president while I I note the concerns and I think we had a short discussion about this myself senator Lee and there is some merit in the argument but I think at this time we may want to consider those for another time and allow this to go through us is and perhaps do some reconsideration at a later date Mr. President I get to respond I can't remember what the process is in in committee whether it's just one statement you're kind respectfully Mr. President in response to the leader of a government business I believe since we are in the process of putting together the board and this legislation would be determined what the constituents of the board is I think it's necessary for us to deal with this amendment at this time to make sure that once we are constructing the board it is properly defined and properly constructed as my understanding is the lower house is sitting again August 8th which is next week I believe a week after so it's not it's not such a long space of time within which for this amendment to go back to the house for them to deal with and I believe given the opportunity they probably will agree that this is a necessary amendment I believe it it could be that they they may agree and it's true that we have a sitting soon but I would not want to propose the amendments we made now instead it would be better to allow for the lower house to deliberate on it and decide to make the amendments at a later date than for us to just make the amendments now means that it's going to have to go back and the whole process starts so I think we can still achieve the same objective well the decision really is for members to make so I will Mr. President I'm not certain but to me it has to come from the lower house to the upper house because if we have to amend it now I think so yeah if we have to make the amendments I think the entire thing has to go back to the process again the lower house and back here that is indisputable we understand that yeah any any amendments that are made here any amendments that originates from here causes the bill to go back to the lower house we understand that right I think the discussion was that whether in fact based on Senator Lee's proposal that the bill should not be considered the amendment proposed by himself should not be considered right here and dealt with rather than having it dealt with at the latest stage by the lower house but like I said this is a decision that has to be made so I can understand that you know maybe the government side may wish to consult with members in the cabinet from the lower house and you know whether the best thing might be to defer the bill and to allow the members to have that discussion with their colleagues and so they requisite amendments as proposed could be something that they would have had time to consult and then come back with a more definitive yeah but once it is passed here it becomes a bit cumbersome if we intend to do any amendments forgive me again mr president I'm not understanding well I mean I understand somewhat the objection but is it that we are going to abdicate our power and right to amend the bill because we think that there should be consultation in the lower house I mean as far as I understand we have the right if we see that something needs to be done to improve the bill to do it ourselves I don't think it should be a situation where we say well okay well we let them decide whether they change it or not and I think these are necessary amendments to this bill you are you're quite correct but like I was like I said before that decision is for y'all to make I cannot make that decision one way the other that is for y'all to make and in understanding all this does reflect that and as I proceed with the as I proceed basically you'll get the opportunity to say whether you agree or not agree and then we take it from there okay so so um clause so clause five stands part of the bill it has not no it's not it's not been amended don't don't forget mr president do I have to move a motion specifically or having made the proposal you now have to vote on whether my proposal is accepted or not when I move the question I say clause five stands by the bill members have to voice the approval of this approval I can't tell you what to say but but okay but I'm proposing an amendment to yes your your your your proposal is noted right but doesn't have to be addressed first before we decide when when when the question is moved then you get the opportunity to voice your your your your position yes no no yes and then we'll see basically how it goes excuse me senator Lee I I think perhaps you didn't really quite understand what I was saying members do have an opportunity to support or not support any aspect of the bill when and that is the reason why when I call when I move the question I says whatever clause stands by the bill you say a or you say nay that is your that is your opportunity to reflect your sentiment on the bill and those who support will support and those who don't support will not support because I'm reading um standing order 54 one second 54 54 one second you know what I'm saying now I think that my proposal for the amendment has to be disposed of one way the other and then so if it's voted down we'll find it and we want to whether five forms part of the bill but we having made the proposal I think it has to be addressed in some manner right well that is precisely what I was alluding to and that it can be dealt with in the manner that I proposed before I actually moved the question so so listen I want the political government business yes mr chair thanks for acknowledging me um I think senator Lee um I just wanted to senator Lee if I can address him mr mr chair um yeah Mike what I'm I need to call you sorry right so um the leader of government business was given an opportunity to respond to your proposal he made he did respond um suggesting a different approach um it is now for basically it's now for the members to decide whether in fact they favor your proposal or they favor his proposal before the actual question is really put so I will give the leader of government business the opportunity to respond and then we'll continue thank you mr president and I just wanted to reiterate to senator Lee that there are two ways to achieve the same objective it's really we can achieve exactly what is intended um but the the method that is proposing we'll still go back to the lower house and you know I'm I was my suggestion was that we allow the bill to be passed as is however the amendments can then be put to the lower house and they can bring it back for for the amendment to be made it doesn't have to take a month the thing is if we if we stop the bill now um it still has to go back and so passing the bill and then bring the amendments that you've made have been noted and we can still achieve the same objective so which is why I suggested that we go through and then bring it and allow the lower house to go back and make the amendments and then we come back and pass them um question mr president i'm sorry by the way sorry yes and by the way I did consider some guidance on council when will the bill come into effect if we are to go your way the you're suggesting please direct your questions from me yes for you mr president when will the bill come into effect if we have to all bills coming to effect after it has been given royal ascent okay so if the next thing is what is it the next two weeks you done with but I think that the lower house is already presided over the bill and yeah sorry mr president the lower house is already debated scrutinized and they have made all of their changes I think it's for us now as legislators to determine whether we're going to reject or whether we're going to endorse so um this is how the constitution works and I would like to uphold the constitution in that regard so let's go on to the various um clauses and we just you know you put the question and we'll vote that's it that's the obligation we have to the constitution otherwise I think we would be um in breach of procedure so the opportunity belong the opportunity the opportunity and the responsibility belongs to each and every member in the house so if you agree obviously you say nay if you disagree you'll say no and if there is need for a division then you'll call for a division simple as that so I will proceed clause five stands part of the bill madam clerk senator norrani as he's how do you vote as part of the bill yes as is senator dominique ferre how do you vote senator gibyan ferrinan how do you vote you hi senator lisa joy how do you vote here senator d lee how do you vote senator alvina reynolds how do you vote senator harrod sanislaw how do you vote senator kejiana to social rey how do you vote yeah senator the the bill will remain as is uh we had five in support and three against so the bill stands as is the clause stands as a clause five stands as is clause six amendments of section 15 clause six stands part of the bill all right clause seven amendment of section 16 clause seven stands part of the bill clause eight amendment of section 21 clause eight stands part of the bill clause nine insertion of new section 21 a clause nine stands part of the bill right clause 10 amendment of section 22 clause 10 stands part of the bill clause 11 amendment of section 24 clause 11 stands part of the bill clause 12 amendment of section 26 clause 12 stands part of the bill clause 13 amendment of section 27 clause 13 stands part of the bill Clause 14. Substitution of section 28. Mr. President. Senator Lee. I wish to propose another amendment to this section as well. Perhaps just for the record more than anything else. I would propose that section 14 be amended as followed. So it reached 28. Two, an offense is not committed under subsection one. If a firearm dealer, then we have A in brackets. Cells of firearm or subsection, sub paragraphs or I should say A. Cells of firearm or ammunition to a person. And at the time of the sale, the person purchasing small I is the holder of and produces a valid license. Small II is exempt from the requirements of this act under section 23. And then introduce another sub paragraph. B repairs, tests or proves a firearm or ammunition. That's page 19. Page 19 repairs, not resets. Repairs, tests or proves a firearm or ammunition. No, a subsection. So you would remember A and B as I and II. The existing A and B. And then add a sub clause B. So let me do it again. So we have 28, two, which begins an offense is not committed under subsection one. If a firearm dealer, we'd have a comma. Then sub paragraph A. Cells of firearm or ammunition to a person. And at the time of the sale, the person purchasing I, so we'd remember A to I or small I, is the holder of and produces a valid license. Then B would renumber I, I is exempt from the requirements of this act under section 23. Then we'd have a new paragraph B, which would then read repairs, tests or proves a firearm or ammunition. Second? B will be in a solution. Members, members, we can have cross conversations going on. If you want to make a contribution, please do so for me. Sorry, I'm so present. You had the floor, Senator Lee. I was just repeating for the clerk so she could take a note. Mr. President? Senator Fede. Yeah, I could see how the suggestion by the senator would actually strengthen the whole ethos of what we're trying to do and what the intent of the legislation is trying to accomplish. So I would want to support those recommendations. Senator Lee, the government business. Yeah, thank you, Mr. President. Again, the notes made there and the insertion of the section additional to the reconfiguration of the information makes a lot of sense. But again, I think the process, I would propose that we go the way that I propose in the first situation and deal with it in like manner. Mr. President, just a small submission that if we had to deal with it, are you suggesting lead of government business? True, Mr. President, Mr. President, is the member suggesting that we deal with it in like manner? What does that mean? Take it back to the law house or what are you suggesting? Leave us is without any amendments if I can get some clarity. Sorry, Mr. President, sorry. I'll just express my concern in sort of sending it back or waiting for the law house to deal with it means basically they have to bring an amendment, which means it has to go through both houses again, as opposed to us voting on this now, and then sending it back to them. Once they approve the amendments, the act comes into effect with the amendment. Senator, you are getting your wish. Your wish is that for you all to vote on it. You're getting an opportunity. Very, I'll express it. It is for the lead of government business and those on this side or this side to agree or disagree. I am giving, I have a duty to give you the opportunity and that's why the question is with each and every time. Hey, hey, hey. So I wish that there was another way, but that is the way it's done. So you are getting the opportunity. It's just that perhaps maybe you need more time to persuade your colleagues. But that's all I strive to do is to present it. So clause 14 stands out of the bill. Adam Craig. Senator Norani Aziz, how do you vote? Senator Dominic Firi, how do you vote? Senator Gibyan Ferdinand, how do you vote? Yes. Senator Lisa Jowari, how do you vote? Yes. Senator Di Lee, how do you vote? No. Senator Alvina Reynolds, how do you vote? Yes. Senator Harris-Sanislas, how do you vote? Senator Kajiana Tussaud, how do you vote? Yes. And by no clock, we've had five years and three nose. So the bill stands clause 14 stands out of the bill. Clause 15. Substitution of section 29. Clause 15 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 16. Incision of new sections 29A and 29B. Clause 16 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 17. Incision of new section 31A. Clause 17 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 18. Amendment of section 39. Clause 18 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 19. Amendment of section 40. Clause 19 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 20. Amendment of section 47. Clause 20 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 21. Amendment of section 50. Clause 21 stands out of the bill. Aye. Clause 22. Incision of new section 50A. Clause 22 stands out of the bill. Ayes. Clause 23. Substitution of section 52. Clause 23 stands part of the bill. Ayes. Clause 24. Amendment of section 53. Clause 24 stands part of the bill. Ayes. Clause one. Short title. Clause one stands part of the bill. Senators, the question is that the committee rises and the bill be reported. I now put the question, as many as are of that opinion say aye. As many as are of a contrary opinion say no. I think the ayes have it, the ayes have it. Senators, I beg to report that the Firearms Amendment Bill went through committee stage without amendments. Leader of Government Business. Mr President, I move that the report of the committee be adopted and that the bill be read a third time in the past. Senators, the question is that the report of the committee be adopted and that the Firearms Amendment Bill be read a third time in the past. I now put the question, as many as are of that opinion say aye. As many as are of a contrary opinion say no. I think the ayes have it, the ayes have it. Be it enacted by the Queen's most excellent majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the House of Assembly and the Senate of St. Lucia and by the authority of the same as follows. This act may be cited as the Firearms Amendment Act 2022. Leader of Government Business. Mr President, I move that the Senate do stand adjourned, sign it aye. Senators, the question is that this House do stand adjourned, sign it aye. I now put the question, as many as are of that opinion say aye. As many as are of a contrary opinion say no. I think the ayes have it, the ayes have it. This House is adjourned.


And, Huggins, we are looking here at the top eight in the overall standings led by the Bahamian Maxi Junia ahead of his teammate, Kerry. Robinson, of course, won the 400 to close out the proceedings last evening in the Octathlon, coached by a gentleman who's contributed to track and field in San Jungsan, Guernedine, Jamaica and San Misha, Michael Olivier. A lot of mercy. A few might know him as we have a look at this lineup. Very important if you are these athletes that you get a good start. If you are to push for a medal on this second day, not a lot separating them at the moment. The top five within 250 points and that can be turned around as we have a look at the Vincentian, Matthew Robinson. He's in seventh position with 2,606 points. There's the Jamaican, Osman Holt, brilliant 400 yesterday, fastest 48.93 to move up to fifth with 2,710 points. There's competitor 73, the Bahamian, Kenny Maxi Junia. He has the lead, 2,971 points. Riven Wonkin of the Turks and Caicos Islands, he's in third position overall, 2,786 points. From Guadalupe, Matthias Serrin, he's in fourth overall, 2,739 points. There's the second Bahamian, Keri, holding the silver medal at this stage with 2,828 points. The Trinbegonian, Jeremiah Francis. He holds sixth position, 2,688 points. He goes in seventh and on the outside in lane number eight, Jermaine Huggins of St. Kitsonivis, 2,571 points. Double Carrifta on the 17 medalist in the hurdles. Two years ago, Jermaine Huggins at the under 17 level needs to show that sprint hurdles quality right here. If he has to make a move. Here we might see something in the region of 14-5 with Maxi possessing speed in that region. His father, a two-time Carrifta champion in the pole vault. Now a pole vault coach and assistant coach with the Bahamas national team. Maxi Junia also qualifying for pole vault at these games but I don't think his services were entirely necessary to record well in hand and gold and silver. Competitors asked to stand by the way the 15.17 performance that came from K. Lewis of Grenada in the first section gaining him 829 points and that means in the live rankings it is the Grenadian who leads overall at this stage but that will change at the conclusion of this section of the 110 meter hurdles, Octathlon Boys. Robinson, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Holt, Jamaica, Maxi Junia, Bahamas, Wonkin, Turks and Caicos, Seren, Guadalupe, Keri, Bahamas, Francis, Trinidad and Tobago, Huggins, St. Kitson, Nivis. On your marks. High jump, Jemvelin and the 1500 to come. Set. Off they go. The Vincentian got up well on the inside. Robinson, now Wolkin of Turks and Caicos takes charge. Francis of Trinidad and Tobago coming through. Maxi running well but Wolkin is having a big performance for the Turks and Caicos. The Trinbegonian goes down and he takes Keri with him. Disaster. Carnage. In the Octathlon Boys 110 hurdles. Raven Wolkin was well clear of everything that was happening behind him, the Turks and Caicos athletes. Athlete gets a massive victory here and a big bonanza of points to go with it and he will certainly move forward and a lot to be sorted out. I suspect there might be protests here that may result in a rerun, not for all the athletes, but maybe for a couple or at least one. 1442 for Raven Wolkin. New national under 20 record for him. He was previously in a tie for the national under 20 record with the best of 14.60 meters. Let's see what translates on the field here. We see Keri struggling a little bit and then down goes the Trinidadian and he takes down two or three athletes with him. Wolkin though, Kler, 14.4. Coming through nicely as well was Moxie Jr, 15.43. Yeah, there you have it. 1442 for Wolkin, Hogan, 15.09. Moxie Jr, 15.43 with Seren, 15.60. Positive, 0.0 meters per second. The wind speed. Well, after all that, let's take a break.


The United States appears to have secretly delivered to Ukraine, mired in its botched, counter-offensive, a powerful armoured mine-clearing vehicle, reported Forbes. While the exact number of vehicles delivered is not clear, at least one American-made assault breacher was featured in official photos posted by the Office of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on November 3, the country's Missile Forces and Artillery and Engineering Troops Day. It's interesting to note that the US assault breacher was conspicuously absent from the official list of Washington-pledged equipment for Ukraine. As the Kiev regime continues to show no scruples in racking up huge manpower losses, American defense companies are only too eager to rake in more profits. Furthermore, US Marines reportedly no longer wanted their stock of M-1150s so it appeared to be a win-win for the US Defense Department. The M-1150 assault breacher vehicle, which weighs 55 tons, is a mine and obstacle-clearing machine that also boasts an armoured hull. The M-1150 ABV is a highly mobile and heavily armoured minefield and complex obstacle-breaching system as per the description given by the US Army.


Nice everyone feel it feels probably better than they would at 9 a.m. So we'll take that Welcome we're here to talk about using the Robo Task Runner to improve developer workflows I'm Mark Dorson. I'm the CTO at chromatic Chromatic has been working in the Drupal community for over 15 years We work with all kinds of clients that have lots of content do lots of complicated migrations and Work on sites that have often really Complicated tooling needs and that's part of where the motivation for some of this comes from But hopefully you'll see Some inspiration for you know when you see some of the examples we go through on ways that you can improve tooling on your sites even in Simple ways start up for the warning There's going to be a number of code slides, but the good news is that they're purely to show concepts You don't need to copy anything down All but a few of the lines that you'll see are available in a public repo that will mention And if there are slides where it's clearly a lot of code just hold your breath for a second and I'm going to zoom in and You know to specific areas of that so don't panic. Oh And also We'll definitely have time for Q&A at the end. So if you have questions as we go through I'm happy to I'm excited to take questions at the end So what's the problem? If you're like me you like to automate things You've worked on a lot of projects that get festooned with bash scripts They start showing up everywhere and Bash is great. Lots people love bash, but just not for me. It's not my favorite I use it in situations where I don't have another runtime available And it's a great fallback, but in my experience I I'd rather work In the primary language of the project. So we're here at Drupal con So if we're talking about a Drupal project written in PHP, I want to write My tasks and scripts in PHP If it's JavaScript project, I want to write it in JavaScript I want whoever the developers are in that project the language that they're working with I want them to feel comfortable Also working with the tooling and automation pieces as well so We need a task runner in this case. We need a PHP task runner and we're gonna We're gonna use Robo. So what is Robo? Robo describes itself as a modern and simple PHP task runner inspired by gulp and rake Aim to automate common tasks So you might already be using Robo Without even realizing it if you use this tool, maybe you've heard of it Drush Drush is built on top of Robo Robo was first included in drush in 2016. It first shipped in drush 9.0 9.0 feels like it should have been recent, but it was seven years ago and Drush 12. I haven't here drush 12 is being prepped for release right now. I'm pretty sure They released it in their session yesterday. Yeah, so drush 12 is now out. We're on Can't believe that we're on drush 12. It's amazing a lot has changed in drush since 9.0 But Robo has been there for all of that. So the use cases we're gonna, you know explore and Think about look at automation Testing builds and deployments back at search stores the lists could go on and What is using Robo going to give us? It's gonna give us the HP package access It's gonna give us better readability in our code better error handling and A better developer and user experience. So, you know when people are running these tools from the command line It's easier to give them better output more informative output So there's a bunch of tools tasks that Robo provides out of the box. So these are things that You know, I've been sort of wrapped and abstracted There's file tasks easily work with files You can catnap replace File system tasks Copy directories things like that move directories Working with composer you can do Work with composer operations abstracted into Robo Things like composer update composer validate. We're gonna see some of that in a minute And you can work with version control systems like get so you can perform get operations Via Robo and last but not well not quite least or not quite last And then there's an exact wrapper which is sort of like this is your escape hatch anything that you can run from the command line You can run through exec. So if you didn't have let's say you didn't have a Get task and you wanted to work with get you could just exec running the exact tasks So anything that you're doing from the command line You can do it here and then now last but not least It abstracts like parallelization. So if you have specific tasks that are taking a long time you're working on servers that have Many processors available. This is fantastic in an easy way to paralyze tasks and Get great output It's a lot in my experience much simpler than using like the parallel command on the command line It abstracts away a lot of complexity So how would you set this up? Robo generally Start with composer require and a robo file one file In that robo file This is an example of Maybe the simplest command that you could create So the docs are great On this as far as all the tasks are concerned What we see here How does how does robo interpret this to determine this is a command? It's a public method any public method in your robo file or robo class is going to be interpreted as a command That you want to expose to the user you have helper methods Protected or private methods those will not be exposed It's going to parse the name of that method that method Into the command name. We'll see that on the next slide here. We have An argument For the year so that's going to be required since there's no default and Then we have the doc block above which is going to give the help text and then we've defined an alias so the main command name is going to be from the Hello Drupal con and we have an aliases of high now when we run robo just robo like, you know Without this command we want to see the list of commands that robo knows about This is what we're going to see So right down at the bottom we see that there's a hello namespace and hello colon Drupal con So that's parsed from the method name We see high in brackets, which is our alias and then we see our help text And then this is running the command robo. Hello Drupal con. We pass in our argument 2023 And we see our output. So this is the simplest implementation. You start putting commands in that robo file We just saw the simplest command that you could create but you could imagine That robo file you start with one command then you've got five commands Then you've got ten commands some are related. Maybe they're in the hello namespace Now you start having commands that are completely unrelated. You've got many namespaces so it started on the project I was working on it started to get a little unwieldly I was like This this file is a mess How do I find anything these things are really not related and we're working with PHP And this is not how we would really write a Drupal module We would be putting things into different classes in their areas of responsibility so we can do that auto loading to the rescue So now we're sort of at an intermediate step we started with the most simple implementation just a robo file but if we Tell composer where we want to store our robo commands In robo slash source We can break them out into separate classes So here's an example on a project where we've got 8-7 different classes that each contain Commands that are related to each other There's nothing special about you know, this is just how I organize things But you can organize them the way you want to but this gives you the ability to do that so This was our intermediate step and then we got to the point where we built a lot of great commands and Chromatix and agency we have a lot of clients, but we wanted to use some of these commands Across projects. We wanted to be able to roll out improvements And have those picked up, you know in short order without copying and pasting code You know across these projects and this was sort of the you know original Part of the original dream of like well, why you know move on from bash for these things We wanted to be able to You know keep things in sync when we improved one of our deployment Commands, we didn't want to have to then keep up with that across all the projects manually. So we wanted to build a package and We call it our package usher So you can use usher usher's open source Or you can build your own package But as you saw since we're using auto loading where you know, we're working in PHP We can use composer to pull in a package so So that's what we did and on our projects instead of running require robo we're gonna require usher so Three approaches we just looked at you could start with a robo file You could use your commands within the project break them up into classes Or you could share commands across projects by putting them into their own Own repository and sharing them Be a package us or a private package repository So now we're gonna look at a few examples of Commands that we've created That will give us hopefully some inspiration for what we could do So the first one is Validating Drupal configuration So we build every pull requests in a preview environment using a tool called tugboat shout out to tugboat if you don't know the tugboat folks they're great and And Chugboat is also available on Drupal.org. So if you are a maintainer of a contrib project or a heavy Contributor to a contributor project you can enable tugboat for free on your Drupal.org project All you have to do is add a tugboat config file And it's fantastic any merge request that's created for the contrib project It will get a preview environment built which is a live Site with a database everything you can click into it and actually test your changes So this is fantastic for our clients Especially our clients that are less technical We ask them to review a pull request and they look at the code and they're like sure not a good thumbs up But what they really want to see is how that change shows up on the website and tugboat lets us do that So when we build this environment We get to see our full deployment process happen, but we also want to check A number of things but one of them is that the Drupal configuration that's in the database Matches what's in disk so if there's some kind of change that hasn't been exported Or some change that fails to import correctly. We want to know about that and not ship it We want to find out about it before We merge that code So the way we're able to do this Josh has a command called config status so We want to run this after we do the deployment and we want to mark the pull request as failed So this is what one of our pull requests might look like and the important bit is Right there in this case The config Validation has passed, but if it hasn't we want to mark that as red. It's a required check So you'd be unable to merge the pull request If that has if that's occurred, so what do we need to be able to do this? We're building a preview and tugboat We need to run that drush command that operation with the right The right arguments the right options and then we need to talk to the github API to mark Mark this specific check as pass or fail So this is what the bash script looked like before I started and this is actually Like an intermediate Step because if you look down at the bottom there actually this actually is running a robo command And don't worry you don't really need to read all this but But what you do need to know is that all this could all this was just the piece to talk to the github API We're scaping strings. We're calling out to curl. It's gross And the the moment that I opened this file and approached it was the moment when this was working for One check like this, but I wanted to implement it for a second check and to do that Easily at least my level of bash expertise. I was going to you know I was looking at I'm like, I'm gonna need to copy and paste this into another bash command for that separate And that was a huge red flag to me. That was the moment when I was like, okay, I've put this off long enough This is the moment where we're gonna put this into php into into robo into usher in fact So this is where it started so we have our class the validate config Commands there's a trait the github status trait more in that in a minute that has all the logic for Setting the github status and this is part of what we get by working in php we can use We can use tools like traits to abstract that logic and then use it across a number of different classes Told you I wanted to reuse it so we got that and we've got constants so we can do things Nicely like that and another benefit to working in php for this stuff is now you get all the benefits of static analysis So if you're running php stand on your code You know, it's gonna catch things. Hey, you said you were returning a string from this method And you could potentially be returning something else. It'll it'll fail that if you're running So things like that that you're not getting With your bash scripts catch a lot of issues before we ship them with tooling like that So now we have our command that Robo is going to expose now. You can see that the dock block is a little more Full feature than the one we looked at before But the important bits to to point out or you see the That we have a public function and the name validate Drupal config we've got a site direct siteters Argument that has a default and then we have an options array which is our flags for the command And we've documented all that above so that that's up top in the dock block is what Robo interprets along with our alias But we also get to use things in php like I mentioned like we have a return type on the method And we go from there So now now we're actually looking at the trait now. This is where we're going to look at the code That actually replaced That big piece of bash So we've abstracted out the setting of github status You can see that we're giving some user feedback using the yell And the say commands that are built into Robo But we're able to break these into separate methods as well again great for static analysis So If we're suddenly introducing a typo, you know, that's gonna show up if we're calling a method that doesn't exist That's gonna show up and then here we have Our method that actually talks to The API and in this slide we see that we're setting everything up we're using environment variables to get the appropriate data We're setting the URL that we're gonna call to and then setting the body of the request And then we get to use guzzle to make the request instead of curl so this is an example of how we're able to rely on other php packages and Require them with composer pull them in and make use of those Instead of making some assumptions about what's installed on the system or what might not be in the case of bash So we're making that request it's a post Passing in the body and the headers and then we're handling the exception of what occurs That's how we set that value on the PR So this is a bit of a different example This one is an example. I think that seems kind of potentially Too easy at first but built up over time And I found it to be something that we ran into the real world so For us we've ended up with a lot of yaml configuration for different environments on our site. So we use Lando Often for local development environments, maybe use Lando or D dev or doxel So you in there along with a lot of other configuration You're often gonna have a string with your php version same thing on tugboat, which we talked about before Somewhere in there sometimes multiple places. You're going to have your php version Github workflows where we run all of our github actions workflows where we run a lot of our tests that don't need a database things that need a bit database we've run in tugboat, but other stuff we run in github actions and Same for production hosting if you use Platform as a service like pantheon or platform.sh You've got a yaml configuration with a php version string in there so We found that over time when we came time to upgrade php Someone would go through and create a PR with those changes. They change 7.4 to 8.0 and Open up a PR and Maybe they'd ask for me to review the PR and I'd look at it and say Hey, you've changed four files All the strings went from 7.4 to 8.0. That looks good to me and all the tests pass give it a thumbs up but Then there'd be like oh wait There was one we missed I can't review something that's not in the PR and I mean it would be if I was If I never made any mistakes, maybe I would remember a wait There should be six files that are changed, but there's only five But that's not me so I missed it and it goes out and then maybe weeks later we find out We've been running We're on 8.0 in all these places, but and we think we're on 8.0 everywhere But really we're still on 7.4 in this one environment. We didn't know that so I Created a command That's going to handle all that for us. Don't read this. This is the entire command a fair bit of this code is user feedback to the To the command line so let me pull that out So this is the meat of the command without the user feedback which the user feedback is very valuable Don't get me wrong, but just for this discussion today. We're going to look at this part so These are the pieces up at the top We see the function signature Config update PHP version is our command name We have a required argument Version which is a string and then we have one flag For skip composer update. I should add one thing One of the ways the important concepts about how we're able to share these commands across projects effectively is configuration yaml so There's a robo.yaml file that you can create and put any kind of configuration you wanted So what we do is write our commands With the idea in mind that this is going to be shared across a bunch of sites and any of the pieces That could be different That we would otherwise may be hard code We set those as values in that configuration yaml. So Here We're going to that configuration yaml and we're getting the current PHP version So we've told it the version that we want when we call our command So in this example, I think we're going to upgrade to eight point one And so we're looking for the current PHP version. Maybe it's seven point four Next up we're going to load the files that we want to check We're not going to do a find and replace over the entire Code base there are probably places in the code base where the string seven point four Exists in context that are not about PHP. I checked believe it or not it shows up in a lot of Like sass files or and things like that. So we don't want to do that. So we want to Limit our problem space. So we have on a per project basis developers in the project can say What are the files that this type of configuration is stored in so if you have one project that? Uses platform.sh You can list those type of files. If you have another project that use pantheon you can list those files At in that configuration array Same thing for if you use Lando or D dev those are going to be in different places. So We're going to load the configuration that we can that we want to check Same thing with a read me. Maybe you want to maybe it's mentioned in your read me These are the places that I forget to check when we make those changes so That's what that looks like in the configuration yaml. So we've got our PHP current version eight point one So we're starting there and Then our pads that we want to Check composer Lando tugboat platform GitHub workflow and the read me Then we're going to replace our version strings robo makes this very simple This is one of those tasks that I mentioned at the beginning replace in file. You give it the from the two and you run it if Composer.json is in that array of files We also want to make sure that our lock file is valid So if you didn't tell it to skip this step, which we provided as an option to the user They can choose to skip this Again something that working in PHP makes it very straightforward. I don't know how I would write this in bash Somebody here probably does but I don't We can skip that easily But because we didn't skip it We're going to run a composer update with the lock option, which is going to make sure that we don't update any of our Dependencies We're telling it which directory That we're that we want this command to run in So composer update dash dash lock in in a certain directory That's what's going to happen with this and then the last line We run composer validate to make sure that it comes back as green and valid and this is what it looks like When you run it So the current pre-HB version is 8.1. We've specified 8.2 is the version. We want to move to It checks composer.json in this case I did tell it to skip composer validate just to limit the output for the slide and then we can see all the other places that that Where we replace this So now in our documentation We can tell the developers on that project when you when it comes time to update PHP version All you have to do is run this one command. You don't have to remember all the different places You don't have to rely on a list that may or may not have been updated now It does rely on the config gamble. So, you know, if we start adding Places where that string is we'd need to update that but this Gives the opportunity for more developers on the project to feel confident in doing these types of operations And this is what it looks like If it doesn't go well, so if we were able to easily check again easily in PHP Hey, is what we're at with the current version the same as the version you've specified We're gonna give some some nice output to make it really clear why we're why the command is failing. So third example One of our projects is a Drupal 9 soon to be Drupal 10 Code base that runs many different sites in I think it's it's north of 20 now and growing and Essentially in the code base level. It's a multi site doesn't run that way in production every all the production sites are completely Siloed on their own infrastructure, but when we're creating things locally, that's how we you know tell Drupal what's going on So when we add a new site, there's a lot of files and directories that need to be created and updated some of those were Files that we mentioned earlier like those YAML files, but also Drupal settings files and We started with documentation and our read me is quite large on this on this project So again, this is a place where The read me is great and valuable and our dot we want our documentation to be great But the documentation can get stale too and it's kind of hard to test documentation if we created a command that would do these steps then we could actually run this command In our CI environments and make sure that it executes successfully So this command we're gonna update our Lando config update tugboat config get hub workflows update Drupal sites configuration with the latest versions of this command we even You know do things like create keys for two-factor authentication So again, that's stuff that started as in the read me a bunch of commands for a developer to run locally You know run this command take the output put it in a file move the file to this path But Now we can do that With a command and allow more developers to feel confident in this type of process We've got error-checking We've got our steps that I just highlighted, you know calling out to helper methods Lando config sites files tugboat config get hub workflows and tests and Settings files, so it's running all of this is kind of an uber command that runs a bunch of Other operations So the one that I'm going to call it and show is That tugboat config file so we talked about tugboat before So here's our helper method This is a protected method so it is not being exposed as a robo command on its own But as you saw two slides ago, we're calling it from our command Here we get to work with Drupal's built-in YAML class, so we don't need to deal just with that file as a as a string what we can do is load it and Decode it and that's going to put it into an array for us that we can work with and PHP and then here we're Essentially editing that yaml, but right now it's an array. We're going to create new items with the site name that we passed in We're going to add commands At the right place in the Maria DB container and the init method We had a create database command And then we're going to write it back to disk and give some user output so this is what Again, there's a I took a few things out to make it fit slightly better on this slide but just to give you a sense of The number of things that this command is doing and I would emphasize too This isn't where we started, you know We started with it doing one thing or two things and then it grew over time because it was effective and People were getting value out of it. So here we run a command at the top site create Drupal association Production URI we pass that in and then it runs the scaffold command Updates the config files another great thing with robo easy to ask for user input So you can say hey, do you want to do x or do you yes or no? This case we said no so that changed what was being written into some of our config files Make making creating directories moving files around Down at the bottom we move our example settings dot PHP file into the right Location that now exists and we do some string replacement with the site name so it has the right values and Then we even create some two-factor keys as I mentioned and put those in the right place And then give more user output for like what the next steps are hey You can now run a create theme command after this And it'll do similar type operations to create the sub theme for this So we've used robo to create to replace bash scripts We I showed how we can We started with a robo file and then move the robo file into classes So, you know, we can benefit from some of the organizational benefits of working in PHP We talked about how you could share these commands across projects if you have a lot of projects or even just more than one project where you'd like to share some of this functionality and Then we looked at examples for config validation PHP version changes and site creation This is just a little bit of Promotion there's a lot of stuff going on with Drupal 7 end of life If you know anyone if you or you know anyone that still is responsible for Drupal 7 sites We've been talking about all the implications of that on the Drupal 7 end of life podcast It's been we've had some really interesting interviews with Tim Lennon Matt glam in who just released a tool This week that will allow you to run Drupal 7 modules in Drupal 10 And the idea behind that being to ease the transition We know it's a big burden to move from Drupal 7 to Drupal to modern Drupal 910 And this will help that transition with the idea of being like if we can cut that Lift by 40% that's going to make a big difference for organizations that have a lot of complex code So that he released yesterday of another Drupal con release. So that's pretty cool I have stickers here for this if anyone's interested but check it out And that's it. Thank you all very much If I if I don't remember to repeat the question, please remind me. Yes Yeah, sure That's that's easy. I can do that Yeah No that file Thank you, I know thank you very much. So the gentleman asked for The usher package contains a number of commands that are you know able to be pulled into downstream projects you asked The configuration file that lists things out like the PHP version or the array of files that we want to operate on He asked if that file also lives in the usher package The simple version the simple answer your question is no that file lives on the individual projects So, you know, let's say you have ten Sites ten projects that want to use usher each one of those has a robo YAML configuration file so that you can configure those commands to run differently on each one So one site might be on PHP 7.4 Currently and so in you know and has a certain set of YAML files that you want to work with Another site might already be on 8.1 or 8.2. And so those files will differ site to site the slightly more complicated answer your question is all of what I just said and Robo has its own one because or usher has its own Configuration file because sometimes some of these commands will run we want them to run on that package too So we use usher to work on usher in addition to working on on these other projects. Does that make sense? Yeah, depends on the command so some commands I Don't have an example Up the top of my head, but some commands Maybe you don't need Anything in the configuration file and it'll you know you and you require usher and then You you run robo it'll list out the commands. You see the commands and you just run it Other commands that need some configuration like the PHP version one's a simple example If you require usher and run that command without setting up the configuration YAML the command will fail It'll say I don't know what your current PHP version is. I looked in this Config file and it wasn't there. So then you say, oh, I forgot to do that stuff. Let me create the config file And in usher I'm pretty confident. It's up to date. We have like an example Robo dot YAML configuration that has sample values for those that you would then copy into your project Great question. Thank you What else yeah Well one recent one was that I Started writing a command to work with something with our integration tests Thank you The question was Have we hit any pain points? In working in this way an example of a pain point would be I started writing a command to work with our integration tests About halfway through I was I was showing it to a colleague and he reminded me that our integration tests running in a container That does not have PHP In it. It's a it runs in job. It has a JavaScript runtime. No JS. So I was like, oh Well, it's got the whole repo there, you know, the whole repositories checked out in that container But I actually don't have PHP installed so At that point I alluded to this earlier like well, we could use bash that would you know That's available many more places and in that case would probably be there Or in that case it would be like well, we could use a JavaScript Task runner and there was already some precedent for that on the project. So that's what I ended up doing So that is the one thing you'd have to be especially in projects where which is not uncommon on Drupal projects We have a whole front-end ecosystem that there's a lot of JavaScript If you're breaking that up into places, you know with containers that where PHP is not always present, you know That's something you should watch out for You're welcome What else one more anybody last call All right. Thank you all very much


I'm Baroness Beeban Kedron, I'm a crossbench member of the House of Lords in the UK and I'm a campaigner for children's rights in the digital sphere. So the application of the United Nations Charter of the Rights of the Child across the entire world including the virtual world and specifically backing a framework called Five Rights. I think it's a very sort of broad group of people coming together to say what kind of digital world are we going to have who's going to have access on what basis and how quickly and I think we all know that in the light of the sustainable development goals that there's a huge job of work to do and I just want to make sure that we're thinking about children and young people as citizens, not just as consumers of education and not only as people who need to be protected online but actually young people have rights in the world that need to actually be, they have expectation of rights in the world that should be available to them wherever they are, whomever they are and that includes in the virtual world. So I'm sort of adding my voice to them since there is no young person here I am representative of that demographic. I think there's two things, one is that we mustn't mistake access for quality of access. So what we really need to do is, okay there's the tube now what's on top of it, what are people actually consuming on what basis, at what price and that's a price that isn't just a financial price it's sort of a cultural price, questions of locality of immediate culture and also of demographic and so on. So I think that's one big issue and I think the other issue is that people always seem to think that technology is the answer but a lot of the sort of stop points, the hold points are actually human. So we actually have to look at the sort of human capital equation and say what do we need to invest in technology but what do we need to invest in human beings in order to let technology be the saviour that we all hope it should be and underneath those two things are really a question of private and public who's paying, who's profiting and where that balance lies and I don't think anyone's going to dispute that there is a balance to be found but perhaps there'll be a tussle about exactly where it lies. I think that the big thing for me is the commitment to on the upside I think the big thing for me has been the commitment to gender equality and seeing the sustainable goals as actually having to address that issue sort of like writing through a stick of rock absolutely everywhere they go. So you know as a woman who was the only woman in my country in my industry making films at the beginning of my career I really appreciate that as a sort of much broader level and also as someone who really does believe if you educate a girl you educate a family especially in the developing world the evidence is overwhelming on that. So that's been a really big positive. I think the other thing is sort of education more generally and the idea of access for people who don't have access now very powerfully spoken to very powerfully sort of committed to by all players I think that in the end my big takeaway is the tussle about the nuance what's the basis you know where's the human prize in all of this and just making sure even the broadband commission doesn't get sort of beguiled by technology. I think it would have to be quality access for all people and I think that you know for me personally it would be to actually establish that young people have the right to expect the same treatment online as well as off.


get the car going to get up these hills man.


Hi, this is Ryan, and this is a quick tutorial to show you how to make a voice thread un-private. There's been a recurring problem where some voice threads that are submitted via Blackboard are unable to be viewed by me, and this is because they've somehow been said to be private, i.e. only viewable by you. I'm not really sure how this problem happens, because I've been unable to replicate it, but nonetheless, I'm going to show you how to make your voice thread public should you be one of the students that is having this problem. So go ahead and log into your voice thread and click on to my voice and find the voice thread that you're trying to turn in. Go ahead and open it so that you can see it. Now just go ahead and advance to the end of your presentation to where you get to this slide. At this point, just like we're in the directions, you want to go ahead and copy, link, and share. However, you'll notice that if your voice thread is set to private, it says this voice thread is currently set to private, so the link will not allow other people to see your comment on it. Not good, but if you click here to change the publishing options, that'll take you back to this page where you want to go ahead and click link again, and make sure that both of these boxes are now checked. It should automatically do that to you, but just make sure that these boxes have little green arrows in them, then copy and get that link. At that point, just paste that link in the blackboard, and I should have no problem viewing and grading your voice thread assignment. If you have any problems, go ahead and kick me an email. Thanks.


So now let's introduce Coulomb forces, and these are the forces between electric charges. And we've got some general rules, which says that charges feel forces when they're near each other. As a basic introduction, we often learn that if I've got two positive charges near each other, they're pushed away from each other. If I had just two negative charges, they're also pushed away from each other. But if I have a negative and a positive, they actually get pulled together. So we'll paraphrase or shorten this up to tell us that same charges, sometimes called like charges, repel, while opposite charges attract. Now this general rule gives us just kind of a hint of what direction the forces should be in, but doesn't tell us how much force. Well, that's what Coulomb worked to figure out. Coulomb quantified the force, and again, Coulomb was the scientist who worked on a lot of this. And he determined that how much force we have is going to depend on the amount of charge, and it's also going to depend on the separation. Now these things make sense. The more charge I have, the more likely they are to affect each other. The more they're going to affect each other more greatly. So more charge means more force. Similarly, let's say the separation makes sense. If they're close together, they're going to affect each other more. If they're further apart, they'd affect each other less. So the relationship that he worked out here tells me my force in relationship to these charges and distances. Let's take this equation and break it down into the individual variables. Now again, f is my force. That's what I'm solving for. My q1 is going to be the charge on object one. And notice that it's in here in absolute value signs. That means for right now, I don't care if it's a negative or a positive charge. I just need to know how much charge. Similarly, for charge two, and yeah, I have to have two charges to have a Coulomb force. It's the force between those two charges. Now r is my separation between the charges. So if I look at how far is it measuring from q1 to q2, that's going to give me my r value. My k is the last thing in here. It's not actually a variable. It's Coulomb's constant. Well, that Coulomb constant, k, or you might see it in some books written out as k sub e, and that specifies this is the k used in those electrical equations, has a value of 8.99 times 10 to the ninth Newton meter squared per Coulomb squared. And it is a fundamental constant in nature. Now we're not going to use this right away, but to introduce it to you, our k is actually related to another fundamental physical quantity, epsilon, and we'll learn what that is a little bit later. Now let's take a look at the units. Since ultimately I'm solving for a force, everything over here on this side has somehow got to equal Newtons, so I have the right units for a force measurement. Let's take my equation and actually plug in those values. Well my k, remember, had units of Newton's meter squared per Coulomb squared. Each one of my two charges has units of Coulomb, and my r is in meters, but I've got r squared, so I've got meter squared on the bottom. Pretty obvious at this point the way it's written out that my Coulomb squared on the bottom and my Coulomb and Coulomb that came from the charges are going to cancel each other out. Similarly, my meter squared on my top and bottom are going to cancel each other out, and sure enough I'm left with a force in units of Newton's. Now remember, the equation that we've looked at so far is only telling us the magnitude how much force I have. It tells me absolutely nothing about the direction of those forces. I still have my general rules of repellent and tract, but I'm going to need to do a little bit more work to figure out my forces if I want to know the full magnitude and direction. So that introduces the Coulomb force to you so that you can start looking at problems and examples of this.


Okay, so here we are oh I haven't pubg'd in This has been a while since I've pubg'd But I'm excited to get it on Oh This is not the Erangel. This is the desert map. All right guys. So this is a third person One player match, so it's just I don't have any allies here All right See for our first for our first run through let's get straight into the action I'm thinking I Remember that there's a lot of action is building Let's do it So I hope everyone's having a good holy week. I Had I just came back from Cebu actually and well, I'm gonna Cebu and Thought I would start my stream off now So that I could go make some Burgers for dinner tonight Early dinner home on my app. So let me know in the comment section below if you guys have any questions about our store or My latest video which I did which I did on cable management Right, I I'm actually quite happy because I'm home now and my desk is so neat If you want to know why my desk is so neat just check out our latest video, which I think I released yesterday Or we'll also let me know if the volumes are good. Okay, let's go see if we can have some chicken dinner Baby Let's go Heading for that building There yellow spot There we go. Oh man, it's not a building.  Oh, there we go. We got okay that guy's going over there Got one guy there. We got what we got two guys. Okay, we're pretty spread out here pretty spread out I think I chose a I want to fight. I got it. I don't want to like just Oh Yeah, level two backpack now we just need something. Okay, I'm not landing here anymore. Okay, let's go This is the perfect gun for close quarters in the beginning I Don't like this gun this gun sucks But I'll take it Like the one thing that I always need to do to make sure is always switch the full auto Say if you don't switch the full auto you think that you're you're in full auto, and you're just hitting it with individual Let's see if we can try and climb Why I saw holographic I need to get up there. How do we get up there? Ah Okay, so I thought I can Mario jump it. No Hey Reverend John Again, yeah, I'm doing a test stream on it on PUBG I have I have I owe four streams to our sponsor. So I will contact you shortly.   Oh, are you play first person? That's true. What do you call that? The more professionals do play the first person version. It's true I'm cheating on you but I'm still getting back into things. Oh 4x nice. I'm armor. Good job, man Alright, you can climb on Yeah Come on man, what's gonna? What's gonna happen here?   You see I like it. I like using the m16 as I like using the m16 As my sniper even though it's not really technically a sniper Hey, Rocky the programmers here. Let's go hunt for this. I know I know we saw some we saw some guy here Are we in circle? Let's do the cheating thing that Reverend John mentioned. I am cheating cheating mode Hi Fritz. I'll come to the chat. Oh Thanks for the tip on the animation thing. Oh, I heard something. There's the body armor here Give up up G is now free.  Oh, I don't have any bandages Energy drink.  I think they really got rid of all the hackers Now I inspire my little oh Level three back back All right, come on. Where is everybody? Come on. Come on. Come on. I don't want to beat oh Here we go Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Let's get him. Let's get him. Let's get him. I hear shots fired Problem in combat Two times or red dot bed. Oh wait. No, I have Hey, Reverend John, how do I switch to the canted site? You know, if I'm looking like down this, how do I switch to the canted site? I Don't know how I don't know the controls You have to set it in the settings Man, I don't know where it is in the settings Switch the AK Switch the AK for close combat I don't want to just camp on a fire. Yeah, that's true That's what's handy about that, but I haven't set it yet because I haven't played the game in so long That's new to me You like you like scar more than an in you like scar more and for More than the M4 Oh, I'm I'd rather have a scar M4 AK as my primary I guess there's no harm if we head out So much ammo don't want to shoot with don't want to shoot out with Jammer pack See if we can We can run it.  Yeah four times scope Does anyone see anybody? 4Gate alive Mitra Courtney Usually if I play if I play the original map, I always just land in school and then we're just we're just shooting at each other there Worth it. It's too far.  Where's he at? Where's he at? Where's he at? Where's he at? Ah, all right Where did that shot come from? Yes, here is the is the cheating thing that revenge on the saying Where the shots come from And how far do you think we can get to the next? The next cover spot is there Or no, I guess that was Okay, let's go for it I'm not dying here. Oh Yeah, I got I know where it is Yeah, and he's coming from there Where the hell is that coming? Oh, there he is on the roof. I hit him.  Oh The shot Shit now as a sniper Damn, yeah, I only fired two shots. Okay. Let's see the death cam Damn, it's good shot. I thought I got cover 3050 I Killed that guy Or at least he I guess he must have been shooting that guy too. Oh Here I am here. All right. Okay. Oh Here he hit me there and then that's how that's how it went down. Okay. I got it. I got it All right Take the gold convertible No real men run Ah Sayah, okay All right, let's do a wrangle What's your favorite map revenge on top of gm4 just provides a lot of stability when fully attached My case is almost nine years though, but cooler master is a banger But I might need to get a better case now I biz yeah, I highly I highly you know I highly recommend you get a new case man Like just get a get a new case. I did that once I use my I use the same computer case for I forgot the press play I use the same computer case for 12 years because I was thinking that I could save money You know a case is so much cheaper finally provides so much in number one aesthetics number two, it's not as expensive as a video card that you can get a really really nice case for like $6,000 6 8 and then actually and then good cooling I think a case is very worth is a good upgrade especially for keep up management and for good air But through cooler master makes good Good cases at last you want to see my original PC case. It's that it's the big black one. We have been In the store right now. It's being used by one of our staff see rocks That's true Well, because I think about it this way biz at least you in case you can get you can get a case any time Because I you 30 50 mom graphics cards Meno calang maya tonsha you and then your timing of the timing and then where are you gonna get it from? But these are the cases you have your pick off where to get it from store wise. Yes, let's go Land in school. Oh No, you know what I really like there's this No, not that there's this any and this is a bear outfit. Have you seen the bear outfit just wearing a bear hat We Chicken dinner That's cute Give me a hat Yeah, I agree 46,000 bucks is good for a good case. I mean like compare that to like, you know, you're I don't know How much you spend on your 3050 between 40,000 to 65,000 40 to 80,000 depending on how good you got it. Oh Sky Girl or whatever All right one of the players. Let's go. Let's go school. It's cool. I'm gonna try practice my FPS later How's the stream by the way? Is it okay? Is it jumpy? Okay, then one based on my second monitor Say I have been done.  Please just Raph, no, please Weird. All right, here we go. Here we go. I love it when you know, I own in school. Let's go How many we got? Okay. We got one You got two three four Okay, who's gonna be first? Who's gonna be first? Who's gonna be first?  Yeah, and I see a gun Yeah, come on. Come on. Come on. Where'd he go? There's another guy here. I know he's there He's waiting for me. We're gonna take turn. Okay, we're gonna do that, huh? We're gonna do that. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go Let's go Come on. Come on. You got cover. I got cover. Let's go. Come on.  Oh I'm gonna do it. Yeah, and now it's hiding. Oh, there he is. I see him It's in the top, it's in the single-fire Come on. Come on. Come on. Just give me a shot Fucker. I'm gonna go for him. Oh Whoo, that was a good kill. That was a good kill. You guys see that? Damn Is that the same guy? I hope he's the same guy. Yeah, the same guy.  It's a clean kill. Oh He even has a frying pan. Nice. Yes, I agree that it's cheating And you can peek from that position. Oh, hey, look at this. What is this? Oh, look at this Oh, I totally dig this m16 a4 I like it because it's great Oh, hey, so I killed school guys. I killed school Okay, am I in the circle? I am super in the circle. Okay Yeah, let's loot At least I think I'm the only one here Yeah, I think I'm the only one here. Let's get rid of all this other stuff Scar Someone must have landed on top there.  Times six scope Eat sniper rifle. What's this? Times two Level two helmet Laser sight Oh, nice. I missed it. Does anyone hear anything? Hey Robert, what do you think about these smoke grenade launcher things? I think they're pretty cool Because I am a big fan of the smoke grenade M16 is a both gun Because it's that accurate enough space. Hi Victoria. Thank you Thank you for welcoming baby for welcoming me back level three backpack How is your How is your vacation going so far? Smoke grenade launcher was a game changer. Yeah, totally is Now look at this. Look at this. I have so much I have sniper stuff, but I don't have A sniper rifle and no, I don't like the mutant.  So I'm gonna throw away that This is also a 4x scope It's so tempting. What do I do? Okay, it's time to go to the pool now time to go to the pool Let's go I already got two kills in this map Adrenaline syringe. Okay, that's all coming from the apartments. Okay, come on. Usually there is one sniper rifle here At least one sniper rifle Nope Skarnaman Ah, I love the mk12 This is my new favorite sniper rifle gun like it's pretty damn good. I really like this gun Like I've gotten lucky with this gun so so often already Okay, what do we got? Come on, what do we got? Any doors open here? Any doors? Anybody? Okay, okay inventory check stun grenade and Ah, okay sniper rifle now is silenced and I think I want to have the times 4 scope no I kind of want the times 4 scope because at times 8 might be excessive I always think that bush is a person I know the times 4. Yeah times 4 I don't have space Let's drop some ammo to get the times 4 just to be on the safe side Ah grip Ah Oh, you're right. Thank you there. I free it does free up space Thank you for the tip. Now, where are those smoke grenades? Actually, we haven't completely looted the school yet. We're still in the center Let's make use of that silencer guys. Do you make use of that? Oh my energy drink ban. Yes energy drink Money and level 2 armor now frag Not enough space Oh, I totally I don't really I rarely use the stun grenade, but recently I did a really nice stun grenade kill Okay, I hear some shots fired here Let me switch to 4x Restisiba like what's going on scouting lines You hear that? Yeah, right, that's cheating kind of ish Come on. Come on. How could I not? How could I not? Oh, hold on. It's another one poor sap Hi Christian. Nice to meet you. Good afternoon Nice nice seeing you in the chat again Thanks for joining us Hey, you're right. You removed the crowbar and equipped the pan. Okay. There we go Thanks for the tip. I keep thinking I'm gonna shoot that poster And actually if we want to we can just take that car However, it's kind of like out there now. Why don't we move it to the front of You knew it. I knew someone was waiting All right, okay.  Okay. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Or just go around the circle Now where am I going? Okay, let's go here. I don't know. It's a second I'm gonna Damn. Okay. Lots of snipers here. Lots of snipers. Okay. Okay. Keep going keep going Oh, no, not a good time. Okay. All right. Yeah, there we go. There we go. There we go There we go.  We're in the middle Let's go over there.  Okay, I don't have any I don't want to have any bandages sighing if I use a first aid That's my armor doing good Hey run have I tried apex legends not yet? I haven't tried apex legends yet I probably should know Everyone's been I'm behind in my gaming He should actually untone to play apex legends. He just he just bought a new pc Okay, we're in a good position here. However, I don't want to hang out here Okay, I was my car car is good Okay, let's go into the Let's go into this tactical position here Oh, look at that new frying pan design. I like it. Hold on. Let's secure the area first Okay, the post you have to look down Looted doors open Some what in the middle you get any you get good cover here on both sides Uh, yes, Anton gave up on the warm machine.  Yeah, that is a suicide run right there 39 alive Looking pretty good here guys. I have uh, I have a sniper rifle with the silencer on and Yeah, here we go red zone on a month. Let's see if I can get switch here based on circle Uh, I think we left our car there Ping that car come on anyone coming up here. Come on. Come on. Just I just want some target practice just a little target practice. Come on broken See if we can Cut the tires out there.  It's another guy there Ah, fucker. Yes, there he is there he is He's on the top bridge Different guy. Not that guy good.  Okay, let's get Where's the other guy? Okay, there's another dude here Where did that other shot come from? Come on Painkiller up should I go for that guy should I go for that guy?   I think I have four kills Trying to get a good eye on that last guy. I'm exposed here though We're in circle. Okay It's okay. We'll get that guy soon enough. Yeah, let's send you in this guard our side of the circle first Let's play it smart Car you got out All right, all right, something's going down five kills so far, but let's see if we can get six kill.   Oh man. I'm out of armor guys. Oh man Okay, I think I'll have to cannibalize Okay, I know I killed some guy here And when I killed some guy here, I don't know if that other dude is still there. Damn. I knew it All right five kills not bad. Let's go again Should have just stayed put Hi, Anthony Garcia. That's low. Oh, yeah, Ron. Yeah, Anton should be making a vlog regarding an in regarding his uh UPC Nice crack on my neck How's everyone doing right now? I'm sorry when I'm when I'm looking here. I'm looking at the chat Let me see if I can pull the chat closer Yeah You could hold shift like in cud when shooting Uh, yeah, I was holding shift for the sniper rifle I like how they use I like how they reuse the the original theme song Like this is the original theme song, but then they made more rock recline my recline now the goal Let's give it let's try it on let's try the the new map haven map the haven map is kind of weird like it's a small map But then it's big because it's like there are a lot of like buildings and stuff Alvin for the overclocking of your cpu Uh, I do believe usually CPUs are not Installed over clocked already. However, if you're concerned just pull up your compute Just pull up your cpu software and then there should be an option there to underclock it respectively Yeah, uh, I agree with that Ian people be shooting at our buildings, but then like I understand like the I end the goal of the I I understand the goal of this map is to be like very, um Urban warfare kind of thing like you have like six floors and stuff. So you don't know like it's a big map internally Or yes follow revenge and uh, what do you call it? It's also in the bios.  I didn't check Yeah, we should do our first playthrough offline and then after that we can We can move to online How do you call it live?  Good Oh, wow level three backpack. All right.  No way. I like this gun also Yeah, okay. All right, 26 alive man. There's no one to kill here. Okay, let's go look for people come on I don't want a boring stream Armor I have level 2 now. This is more of a close range Close combat cqc thing. Actually, maybe I should just get that smg again Nevermind 25 That's the point of the tank like if you're still here in the chat revan jen What's I see a tank roaming around here and is that AI controlled and does it shoot at you? I know can you blow it up? Oh I thought it was a person newspaper Something's going down over there Someone's here. See it's a damn tank Do I have a grenade? Where's he at? Where's he at?  Oh corny.  Okay, so there's a small random bill as guards It's only 520 guys only 520 Did I get a game did I get a game? Oh man Okay, let's try Erangel again, I guess military base. Let's try military base Avan is a pvp versus AI Oh corny. I don't want to fight no AI Okay, oh military base. Okay. I always land here and military base. It's so tense Okay, I want to look for the guy with the bear. Ah, there he is. There's the bear outfit There's the bear outfit. I like that bear outfit. How do I get the bear outfit? Give me a bear. Actually, actually my favorite is the the one they have. Yes, there's a white bear outfit, which I really like What do you have here? You have bat face, I think A bat face with A evangelical plug suit. I think look at that. That's an evangelical plug suit. Neva That that or spider man or any The spider woman girl. She's Tracy Stacey. All right, here we go. Here we go. Here we go Uh, Reverend John, what what happens if you use the tank like this is special airdrops like this one I know that I've seen some people use the tank and I have no idea if it's bulletproof or Like is it op or what? It's an apc How many how many a lot in military base? Okay, we're not gonna survive long, but at least we're gonna have a good time The always my favorite moment of pubg is always the tense moment when you're gonna try and get the first gun Okay, you each have a or I got someone's underneath me. I can hear him Sorry, Reverend on your right. It is so much cheating if you do that I feel bad for this guy almost feel bad for this guy ak guys Red dot switch We're in circle guys. We're in circle. We're using to survive the military base This is the dead body guy I'm so open here guys. I'm so open in the sniper rifle guys that level three armor Oh level three armor it's infagi Hope I got two kills not bad smg flash hider Level three military vest again. No one's looted this Okay, I run it. I need ammo.  Okay. I guess we should You want to first? I think it's gonna end here. Let's go to the control tower Oh my god Do you think can we make it there guys? To the trap do you want to hide out in these silos and die? What happens in here?  That was a horrible. He has a horrible shot Just look at that. Hi, Marco. Okay, we have too many forex scopes. I have level three What saved me was the level three got good position here SKS Super in-circle Yes, we can just We're at silencer again. 46 alive. Dami pa I think most of the people died in military base. I don't want to move sana because it's a great spot Or let's not be cowards. It's open I really like this level three backpack. It's not a really cool design This is a cool place for a firefight actually Okay, it's the in-circle Dead. I don't know guys. It looks like looks like the best spot is still Oh, actually, this is a pretty cool spot also You know in fairness. It's a pretty cool spot so if you go to the if you stick to the control tower Shots fired. It's easier there. I think those shots came from a good spot. I think we should head to the control Head back control tower. Yeah, okay.  No branch. Where do you think it's gonna end? Could be on the hill control tower Oh, motherfucker Anyone take over my control tower spot? Yeah, we got a sniper here somewhere. Where are you at? Where are you at? I would move But it's a good place, ne A lot of chicken dinner at all, 25 people alive I just need to find out where that shot came from Oh, I see him. I see him Okay Is he still behind that tree? I saw him. Do you guys see him? Send that tree over there However, you could have moved now or waiting to peek Come on can't hang out there forever. Come on. Let's go All right. Oh, okay. I thought it was a person.  That's far Okay, I think we should do it like this Okay, there we go. That's our that's our path. Let's go That guy also was shooting at me canine. That also needs to follow a similar path or else he's screwed Where is he at? Is he gonna show himself first?   TY The hell that was all about but I'll take it I see a motorcycle ahead The anyone's in here. Come on if anyone's in here now it's the time to shoot me up. There we go There we go from outside outside. I know you shot me from the outside. Where are you at? Okay, all right, where are you at? Is he in that bush? Where that shot from?  Come on Show me your face. Are you behind a tree? Are you in the bush crawling? What are you doing? You in that tree? 16 alive Okay, here we all okay. We have excess of scopes The time to painkiller up. Yeah, it's energy drink time. Now.  He's got to come to me first. Where is he at? Come on.  Don't bother me. I'm streaming You think guys we should make a run for it? Where are you? Don't do this to me I know you know where I am and you're waiting for me to move. I'm moving it. I'm moving Where's he at?   He's got better cover than me at the same guy 11 alive No one behind me time six scope or eight scope Oh, we have to go we have to move Okay painkiller up If I get snipe, I'm gonna be so pissed. Okay. Is anyone in that bunker? Let's make a break for that bunker. We're going we're doing it Treeline cover and then bunker car. He sees me But I'm gonna get to the bunker first unless my towel unless Let's take them six kills. All right Okay, do we have any cover from here? I get sniped here.  I have suppressor too, dude.  Okay guys, let me gotta move I'm alive Anyone in the bridge is anyone in the bridge? I'm so screwed if you're on the bridge Is anyone swimming? I think again, this is good cover here Nine alive and nine people watching. Okay Okay, so Car Yes across the bridge He's gonna draw attention to himself. Okay. Let's go for it Shit, let's do it If I was smart, I'd use my smoke grenade to get and try and get in there, but I don't know man. I'm I'm impatient.   Here we go. Here we go. Here we go Oh, fucker. Here we go Shit, here we go. Okay. Whoo. Okay. Eat the life. Let's go. Let's see that. I see him I see him Okay, so who's in whose house, huh? Okay, where's everyone hiding? Six alive. Yeah, like definitely there are people in houses Grenade, okay switching to smoke grenade Oh wait, no, I think we're adding that long enough circle closed Switching energy drink. Okay Okay, five alive Am I in? No, it's the next house. Just exit Oh I see a car. I'm in circle another one down three alive. That means there are only two people left Switching to level two armor. Where is he at? It's a dead body. All right. Let's watch this. Come on. Die. Die. Shit. I just I gave it to this guy I gave it. I gave it to that guy because I I shot him and then the All right, that's it for me guys. That's it. This guy is like thinking. Oh, I didn't do it Damn But also it's my fault. Look at look at this. Look, I could have I mean, look at this. Look at my look at look at that. What did he have? He only had uh, he only had m4 and sks It was it was my fault. It was my fault. Like I I had I had so I kept shooting everywhere. I see he's gonna die here. Ah, oh well Uh Yes, revision. I will accept your friend request What no one's going to say that too bad because I had you call it. I was about the chicken dinner. Damn All right GG everyone. Thanks for joining the stream and uh, catch you guys in my next stream I'll be pub ging and yes, revision. I'll accept your friend request peace out and