Hey friends, this is Dan and Stephanie Burke. You're watching Behind the Scenes, Divine Intimacy Radio, live streaming by God's mercy out to EWTN's Facebook page. In a minute we're going to talk to a prolific writer, Patrick Hearn, on a very cool book, Courtship of the Saints, How the Saints Met Their Spouses. So I'm excited to jump into that in a minute. Related to marriage and saints, Stephanie and I lead a something called the Divine Intimacy and Marriage Retreat. We do it twice a year now on average. And this is our second one this year, November 3rd through the 5th at the Shrine in the Most Blessed Sacrament in Hansville, Alabama. Now, if you've never been to the Shrine, let's say you're not even interested in the retreat. You should sign up for the retreat just to go to the Shrine. I'm kidding, of course. The Shrine is amazing. Second largest monstrance in the world. Amazing monstrance. It's eight feet tall. So anyway, it's an amazing location. We have the nuns there, the cloistered nuns praying for us throughout the whole retreat. And it's transformational. It's really, so who is it for? So it's for people who we've had pre-marrieds, people engaged, mostly gifts given. And then newly marrieds who want to set things up right. Yeah. Yeah. Good. Well said. And then those maybe in later in marriage who are struggling or early who are struggling. And then those who are doing well, but want to do better, believe it or not. I mean, that's like a grand claim. How could it be that good? Absolutely. For all those people, but it really is. Yeah. I mean, we've had anything from 20 year olds all the way to, I think our oldest couple was in their 80s. It was so beautiful to see. Yeah. And it really is transformational. And, you know, for those that have been to other marriage retreats and they go, yeah, well, you know, it didn't do much for us or whatever. First of all, we didn't base this on any other retreats. We never even went to one. Yeah. This was an outgrowth of prayer, discernment, a mother religious that said, you will create this. Yeah. You're going to do it now. We love her. And so she was really God's instrument in pushing us forward in doing this. And it has been nothing but beautiful and incredible and transformational really. Which is not to point to us. It's to point to the work of the Holy Spirit. It's awesome. Can I tell you my opinion as to why? And then maybe you can tell you your opinion as to why? Okay. I think there's two things. One is transparency. So we don't talk down to people.  And the other is it's based on Catholic mystical tradition foundationally on what it means to come to union with God as the kind of overall backdrop. I think those are the two most unique things. Yeah. That's certainly central to it. There's just so much embedded into it and the Lord just keeps perfecting it and perfecting it. Yeah. What makes it unique? You can't escape this interview unless you answer my question.  We do have a very unique story. Yeah. But it's not unique anymore because there's so much brokenness in the world. And I think the beautiful thing is, is sometimes you can go to retreats and the speakers are, you know, practically by locating already. Or at least you pretend they are. Or something, right? It's all weird. But this is real. We get down to the real and the brass tacks of how do you love the person that God is interested to you that's sitting right next to you. Which may irritate the snot out of you. Right. So it's, it's really awesome. It's, it's filled with hope. And I have seen so many graces from this just couple after couple after couple. And I just want to say that at our last survey, all but one. And I mean, like. Out of 200 people. Yeah. All but one gave us a 10 out of 10. And I was just shocked because I looked at what, because I expected a little bit of feedback.  So God be praised. Including guys. Yeah. Yeah. That's the big win because we, we don't actually even know this beautiful couple where the guy was just irritated. I'll talk it out. And, and he came back and he is now. On fire. Oh, right. It's so beautiful. Well, he left. He actually stomped out. Yeah, he did, but he's awesome. But he like, I'm just in love with this couple now. Anyway. Anyway, awesome stuff. So November 3rd, 2023 spiritual direction.com forward slash events. It's all of our events are there. All right. Well, let's jump in. Let's go talk to Patrick about the same kind of subject basically. Yeah. I'm excited about this courtship of the saints. Yeah. Okay. So let's go ahead and get started. Open up the show in your market set. Go. Welcome to divine intimacy radio. This is Dan and Stephanie Burke. You're listening to your radio. Haven of rest. You're hermitage of the heart. Yeah.  Sorry. You can't make your ghost laugh. The beginning of the show doesn't work. Okay. Are you going to keep going or you want to redo that one? That was a mess. This is why, you know. This is why it's behind the scenes until it's post produced and put on every 10 radio. Okay. Let's go. This is Dan and Stephanie Burke. Welcome to divine intimacy radio. You're radio Haven of rest. You're hermitage of the heart. You're a monastery of the mind where we lift our hearts and minds to heaven to draw on the wisdom of the saints to navigate the two molds of this very challenging life. And we have a guest today that has given us a kind of laser focused, powerful, revelatory insight into particular saints lives that have something in common with us actually. And, but I'll let you reveal that secret. Who is this guy? We're going to interview today. Okay. We want to welcome Patrick O'Hearn. He is the brand manager for holy heroes and an author and freelance editor. He grew up in the Midwest and spent several years in a Benedictine monastery before discerning the call to marriage. He has written several books, one on the topic of miscarriage and infant loss entitled nursery of heaven. Along with parents of the saints, the hidden heroes behind our favorite saints. His first children's book and the, his first children's book, the shepherd at the crib and the cross was released in 2022. Welcome Patrick O'Hearn. Great to have you. Oh, thank you. It's an honor to be here. It's great to have you Patrick. And we're talking today with Patrick about a great book that can really inspire your faith. And whether you're premaried or married courtship of the saints, how the saints met their spouses, which I think it's very cool. I think a lot of people don't realize, I would imagine if you surveyed most Catholics, Patrick, and I wonder what you think about this, that they would, if you said, true or false, there are many, many married saints. What do you think they would say? I would, I would say they would say false. Yeah. Yeah. I don't think people are aware of how many, how many there are. And we have a couple that are, you know, hanging up in our dining room in the teres room, which is her parents. Yeah. Which are in this book. Yeah. So there are a lot and they have a profound effect and there's such a profound example. So the title of your book, Courtship of the Saints, might be something worth just diving into the first word of the title, which is courtship. What, what is courtship? Stephanie and I practiced it, by the way, deliberately. Maybe that's, I'm giving it away, the answer, but what is courtship and why is it different than dating and why didn't you name the book, Dating of the Saints?  And then even I used some private revelation just for two stories, which was Joachim and Anne and then Mary and Joseph. And so this has always been in our tradition, this idea of courtship. And actually the term itself was, became kind of defined in the 16th century, it meant like an advisor to a king and a queen. And then as it progressed through the centuries, it meant this idea of wooing a woman with the end goal of marriage. So it always, and then as we moved into the 20th century and 21st century, you know, thanks to Fulton Sheen and Father Chad Rippinger, we see this idea of trying to find someone that's virtuous. That's the whole goal of courtship. And it entails, you know, the families involved in here. Like, you know, a young man is going to, when he pursues a woman, he's going to ask permission to court the girl and then to marry her. And then dating we see is more in the 20th century and it is more became a, actually a lower class slang term that was more on based on popularity and really didn't even have anything to do with sex. But as the automobile took off, again it was a social status. So I think the, I see the primary difference. Courtship, again, is just this, we're looking for someone that's going to help us get to heaven. It always keeps marriage in mind. It looks to heaven while dating is more concerned with the present moment and how much pleasure we can get. Good. So we're, we, we had a glitch. Is everything cool? All right. Yeah. And I think what's interesting is, you know, this question about why is it different from dating? I mean, nowadays even the word dating has gone by the wayside and like they don't, you don't even use the word dating.  It's a, it's a more distance. So I love this idea of courtship. Again, Dan said we, we practiced it and this purposeful engagement of speaking to another, getting to know their heart and mind, looking for someone who exhibits the virtues that we seek in a spouse that would make a good husband, a good wife, a good mother, a good father. So we could get, both get to heaven. Right. And both live in a way. Like I, when I was, when I was, when I discerned marriage, I, like you, I had a, Patrick, I had an interest in monastic life when I was, when I converted to Catholicism, I was single, but I'd come out of Anglican seminary and, but once I discerned to be married, it was who will pray with me was my question. And, and the Lord gave me a woman who never, ever, we've been married a long time, but she's never said no to prayer. Never said no to pursuing Christ in virtue and living. Making Christ the center of her home. Yeah, exactly. So in this book, is your goal to promote that idea by reflecting how it works in the saints or, or was it just to draw interest to the holiness of saints in marriage? What was, what was, what was in view for you? I think, you know, in the first chapter, I define what courtship is and, you know, with Father Rippinger's permission, you know, I was able to use, he has these four stages of courtship and I have a whole chart in there. So I think it was to draw awareness, especially for young people discerning to see like, this is, you know, it's black and white, you know, often in dating we just, we don't know what's, you know, how far people ask like, how far can you go? What's, what's, and that's not the right question to ask. It's like, you know, what is, who is the person's going to help me become a saint and what virtues can I work on? So I wanted to define that right away. And so that was kind of laying the foundation, but I also, as I spell out in the intro, I don't really say that, you know, in every saint story, not every single one of them went through these four stages of courtship, you know, it looked different. So again, laying the foundation and then the other part was to show how they fell in love, how they prepared for marriage and how they stayed in love. So the courtship was the, the, you know, the whole purpose of the book isn't, I would say, just to dive into this courtship. But it's mostly, I think to reflect the saint stories and how they fell in love and stayed in love.  You, you have a beautiful reflection on even just the purpose of marriage that I thought was just really beautiful. And you said on, on, and I'll just read a little bit of it. You said on earth, human love ought to marry ought to mirror the divine love, the external, the eternal exchange of love between the father, the son and the Holy Spirit. Only those couples who seek to resemble the trinitarian love and Christ's love for his church by holding nothing back from their spouse all the days of their life can obtain the perfection of love. It's just beautiful. It's just beautiful when we think about what is possible. And I think the, the current culture just looks at this dating or they just look at it in such a diminished, impoverished way, a very small way. And they don't realize what they're saying no to. So I love the stories of each of these saints, these couple saints where we can see what's possible, what can the Lord do if we will entrust our marriage. So was that a question? No, it wasn't. It was just more of a statement. So, okay, so let's get to this question of why is courtship so important? I think, you know, we look at our climate of marriage today and, you know, half of marriages are in divorce. You know, many people, even Catholics, cohabitating, people putting off getting married. And I think one of the things we don't look at, what's the root cause of this? What's one of the root causes? Obviously, you know, you have a lot of things, but I think we need to go back to that preparation time.  And that was another reason why I wrote this book to show the ideal, to show that this is how, like, St. Gianna prepared for marriage. And so you can see, like, even if you came from a broken home, this is, you know, the saints are our best teachers. And so my point is, going back, I think just the whole point is getting back to courtship and how that can really, I think the way we prepare for our marriage will in turn lead to, you know, more fruitful, more beautiful marriage, more lasting marriages, you know, because as Dan and I know in any man, like when you put on that ring on your finger, it doesn't take away the lust, you know, it doesn't go away.  Absolutely. Good. So we're with Patrick O'Hearn, courtship of the Saints, how the Saints met their spouses. EWTN's Religious Catalog is a place where you should look for this book. You could also look for it at Tan Publishing. But when you get it from EWTN's Religious Catalog, two amazing things happen. One, they'll actually send you the book when you pay them. And then the second thing that happens is you're, you're participating in their great worldwide ministry of advancing the gospel and the kingdom of God. Strongly recommend the book. It's a great gift, you know, for for young men and women who have discerned they're called to be married. It'll give them, I think, a much better, you know, I think what's great about this text and we're going to head to a break, maybe I should say afterwards. Actually, when we get back from the break, I want to just talk about why I think this text, this book will be more effective than kind of a more didactic approach to training, maybe training or formation in marriage. I think this book is much more powerful than that. So, we'll talk about that when we get back from the break and we'll be ready for spouses. So, it's 1230, so we'll go to 13. For those joining us in the middle, if you want to know a courtship like the saints or a courtship like the saints or a marriage like the saints, a beautiful holy marriage. Divine intimacy and marriage retreat November 3rd through the 5th. Shrine of the most blessed sacrament in Lansville, Alabama. That's 2023, of course. Spiritualdirection.com forward slash events. Okay? All right, let's go. And your market said go. This is Dan and Stephanie Burke. Welcome back to Divine Intimacy Radio. We're talking with Patrick Gohern about courtship of the saints, how the saints met their spouses. The reason I think this book is more effective, will be more effective for folks in understanding what is courtship, understanding the value of it, understanding the seriousness and the glory of marriage is because it's offered through story, the stories of the lives of people that most of us revere or find interesting in some way. Or many of us don't even know exists out there. That's just to be honest. If you read them. Right. And it's so inspiring. It's beautiful. It's inspiring. I mean, one of the couple stories in here is Lewis and Zellie Martin. Of course, this is Therese's parents. Their picture, their portrait is hanging up in our dining room. It's the little flower dining room that we have here at the retreat center. And just so inspiring. It moves my heart to know that there's a couple out there. And this book is full of those couples that show us how to be holy in and through marriage in a way that makes our marriages flourish. You know, there's nothing boring.  No, totally a lot. It is completely the opposite. Yeah. And it's just so life-giving. Can I say, can I make a personal comment? Sure. I mean, we say this on the show and we're both broken people and we've made a lot of mistakes in life. So I'm not saying this as sort of some lofty thing. I could not imagine it is not possible for me to conceive of a better marriage than being married to you than the marriage that we have in Christ. But I think one of the reasons why it has become that, because it didn't start that in the beginning, because we both have been through relationships in the wrong way really. We were very broken. Yeah. But then when we came and we both had this different perspective on how marriage conformed to God, then we did what Patrick is advocating through many of the lives of these saints in the sense that we were super intentional. We read a stack of books together before we got married. We prayed together every day. We studied together. I taught Stephanie Liturgy and we prayed the Liturgy the hours. So when we came into marriage, we came in with some of the hardest junk to deal with. But because Christ was at the center, that's what enabled us. The first five, three to five years was the toughest. And then since then it's just been what it improved from the beginning. But I don't know. I think what Patrick is advocating here through this lens of the saints is really vital for a healthy marriage. But I sort of cut you off there. I think you had a question. Well, yeah. So what I'd like to know is why were these married saints the greatest of lovers? Because some folks listening to this, they go, courtship's so boring and so blah, whatever. But it's quite the opposite. Tell us about these married saints and why do you consider them the greatest of lovers? And I didn't write this book just for, as you said, for people that are just discerning marriage, but also for married couples like myself and my wife and you guys. And I think you, all these men were supposed to court our wives until the day we die. And I think that the reason they're the greatest lovers is they love God above everything and the love that they had for their spouse that paralleled the love for the intimate seed. The more intimate we are with God, we will have the most intimate marriages. And I have a footnote in here and it's incredible. You don't see saints talking about this, but you have a letter between St. John and her husband. And he's recalling, I think he traveled to the United States on several occasions. I think right after they were married for six months and they wrote love letters every single day. And he said, one of the letters he remembered the intimate nights and caresses. And I think to myself, there was an article that came out that said Catholics, devout Catholics have the greatest, the best conjugal union. And I believe that when you read St. John and it's all flows from the love of Christ, from the Eucharist. And that's why these saints, they were the greatest lovers because they loved God more than their spouse and that love in God was overflowed. Like almost like you're like a monstrance to your wife in a sense like when your wife is looking in your eyes, it's like the husband if we're supposed to represent Christ, it's like Christ's love that gaze from our face is coming to our spouse. So I think that's why they're the greatest lovers. That's beautiful. You know, another one I want to make sure I get in here before because we're going to run out of time so quickly is what surprised you? So when you're studying these, obviously you knew only in a cursory level, some of them I imagine, but what, what, which surprised you impressed you the most or maybe that you learned from the most? I was, the one story, you know, there's, I think it's called The Hidden Life, but blessed Franz Jagenstager, right? He was refused to go into, to join the Nazis in World War II. And he, as a result, he was imprisoned and then martyred.  And he, she allowed him to choose God.  And so I just think in these stories, I include a lot of suffering in these stories. These aren't just glamorous to show that the marriage is the cross and the cross is marriage and the way that these couples that they could forgive from their betrayal and that they, ultimately they wanted God's will. They were striving towards union with God.   So, so I think I was surprised by this level of forgiveness and that these saints experienced, you know, they showed to their spouses, you know, that's such a beautiful thing to bring up and point out. And I think it's important for our listeners to hear because, you know, I think sometimes people in their brokenness and we experienced this at the marriage retreat, they can read something like this and they can just feel like, but I made this mistake and this mistake and I committed this sin and this brokenness and part of that part of our marriage retreat is to go through the healing and the restoration of rooting out all that and to bring ourselves to this ascent to oneness, which is the secondary title of our marriage retreat. And I think it's just so important to understand that Christ makes all things new all things new. And when we turn our brokenness, we turn our marriages or relationships and we trust him in the midst of the mess that he he just restores if we will trust him and it's beautiful because it's a little bit like when you have a wound and it gets cauterized, it's even stronger that place where that brokenness was is even stronger and that love of Christ cauterizes that wound and then that marriage being rebirthed in that hope and rebirthed out of that brokenness to oneness can be even stronger and they can actually be a light for others. They can be a source of healing and hope for others. So I love that you have stories in here that aren't just pie in the sky, but this is really the reality of the painfulness of all this. So I thank you for putting that in there. I want to ask another question what or how can married couples grow in love based on these state stories? Like what this is beautiful, their wonderful stories but how can they help us grow in love with our spouse? I had a story of a St. Elizabeth of Hungary and when her husband King Louis would come back from being out of the country it said she would run to him and give him a thousand kisses and I often think you know as I don't advise making your kids but I think there's something to be said about that when the husband comes home from work the wife she should greet him if she can and give him a kiss or the husband's leaving when he goes out, I know the beautiful practice of a priest visiting the Blessed Sacrament before and after he leaves his home or he's got the chapel there that's like the same thing with our wife we should give a kiss. I love you before we go or when we're coming home just that level of affection we see it in St. Gianna's letters that even communication throughout the day sending a text to your wife I love you, how's your day going? and then I think the other thing is just that prayer life there was a couple in here I butchered their last name the quad trincos but they're the first blessed couple before the Martin family and they had several children that became priests but they would often spend 30 minutes in prayer every morning and so I think your prayer life will spill over to that relationship so those are a couple ways that I think couples can grow I think one of the powerful things about the Marriage Retreat 2 which parallels this book is like one guy said to his wife after he left the retreat I never knew there were so many different ways that I could love you and he's already a good man they have a good marriage already but when you read the lives of the saints it reminds me of the passage in the New Testament where St. Paul said follow me as I follow Christ the power of the lives of the saints is they sort of incarnate if you will or make real what it means to follow Christ in the various states of life and so your book is a series of stories of men and women who made real in all of their brokenness or their goodness what it means to follow Christ in marriage and in so doing they're changed and often these people change the world around them is there any example I'm guessing I know the answer but is there a single example of a couple who was holy in their pursuit of one another that didn't also have a huge effect on the world around them I mean I think to no effect on the world around them yeah it's just not possible is it no no it's not I mean I think you see you know and I even mentioned the life of Thomas Moore right his first wife died and then his second wife he married but I was doing some research on him and I talk about in my other book the parents of the saints he had several children that became one became a nun or grandchildren a nun a priest I mean it's like this whole lineage I call it saintly succession you know how we have apostolic succession God wants that from us he wants our children our grandchildren and you know to become saints and that's where you see like you know when you're following God's will and you're putting him above everything he wants to you know have a harvest of saints yes absolutely well thank you so much this is a beautiful book I encourage everyone to check out courtship of the saints how the saints met their spouses you can find it at tan or at EWTN religious catalog so with that until next time may the God of peace make you perfect in holiness may he preserve you whole and entire spirit soul and body irreproachable at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ amen


Hello everyone, my name is Maciek, I will be talking about the Anthropology discovery and visualization and the software I made for that purpose called Wired. As you probably know, topology is the study on space based on graph theory and so the computer network can be presented as a graph. When the nodes represent subnets, we're talking about logical topology. If the nodes represent devices, we're talking about physical topology. Network topology is something to mostly focus on during network design stage, but not only NMS network monitoring systems are pieces of software to keep an eye on the network devices and they often offer various kinds of network maps both automatically and manually created by user. The purpose of map in NMS is to inform all about the location of the failure which can be critical when the failure requires the user to come over and fix it when it cannot be fixed remotely. SNMP is the most commonly utilized source for information when it comes to topology discovery. It works like on the SNMP-enabled device there's a MIP which is the hierarchical database with nameless root and it stores the information about hardware and software configuration and performance of the device. You request the information by the object ID and in return you get the object value. Here are the MIPs which are especially important during the topology discovery. This is the ARP table, this is the table of the network interfaces of the device, their address configurations and of course some description of the system. BridgeMIP is available only on switches and it contains forwarding database table which tells us what device is connected to which port of the switch so based on that we're able to recreate physical segments. Commercially available NMS programs are usually very expensive and designed to work in large environments so they will never show you a single map of the environment. They break the environment to the smaller scopes like routing maps, logical maps of individual subnets and physical segment maps within subnets. This is to avoid the situation where the map is enormously large, doesn't fit to the screen and is hardly readable. There's a simple workaround for such situation. I suggest to add one more dimension so I created that program called wired which scans the network, reads from MIPs, collects the information locally and then it runs, run out. This is another program developed by me which interprets the collected data to produce the three dimensional topology model of the scant environment. Let me show you two examples to present how it really works. Here's the small home network, three laptops, one handheld, one wireless access point, two virtual servers running on the laptop. On this laptop we start the scanner and this is what we get. The red block represents the root of the topology tree which means this is the laptop we started the scanner on. Two leads coming out, one connects to the physical network, the other to the virtual network. As you remember there were two virtual servers, here they are, and this blue box is the virtual hub, the presence of which was assumed by the program after three IP addresses were discovered in the subnet but no switch. So the program created the hub, put it there, connected nodes to it to make the layout correct from the physical point of view. Same thing happened in the physical network because the access point is the router and it does some bridging as well. Two other laptops are here and the handheld. Actually none of these devices were SNMP enabled so the scan was only based on ICMP. Here's another example, this is the industrial network. There are over 70 nodes, several switches, they were SNMP enabled so forwarding tables were fetched from them and successfully processed to recreate the physical segments. Black blocks are routers so as you see the program draws logical segments along horizontal plane and physical segments along vertical plane to save space and to make the routing path between nodes clearly visible. You may be wondering what is it good for? Why would someone need something like that? Well, picture this. The NMS scan your network, produce such models, such scene and gives you the feature which allows you to move the blocks, change the locations, add floors, walls to create the three-dimensional model of your office building, server room and then place the nodes to the rooms where they really are in the reality. No flat map would be more accurate than that. Furthermore, let's say you can interact with the objects in the scene, like you right-click on one of them, menu pops up and you have the options to configure notifications, browse, performance reports, launch scripts or remote sessions so you have the graphic user interface very intuitive and very user-friendly. I'm actually seriously thinking on putting these ideas into practice. Right now I'm working on rewriting the scanner code in C++ because originally it was the per script so the new release is incoming in a couple of days. I'd like to invite testers and coders to join the project. My name is Maciek Kolbursz. You can find my profile at Sourceforge as well as the home sites of my project. Also, have a look at YouTube. There's a short movie presenting Wired working on the LAN. There's some cool music in the background and the movie was made using only command line tools. Okay, I think I'm done. Thank you for your attention and have a good day. Thank you.


The US economy and particularly the stock market have had quite a run. The reality is that when the market and when the economy collapsed in 2008, that is 15 years ago, it really did look like we were in for a long period of stagnation, of lack of economic growth, of declining standard of living quality of life and potentially even and of course of a stock market that was challenged to recover. What actually happened was that the United States economy did do well but it did okay. The stock market did phenomenally well and you know this is at a large extent the consequence of what many would argue is massive injections of money into the economy through QE or liquidity into the economy. It's not clear there was money really but liquidity into the economy during QE and at the time what I said the consequence would be stagnation and that's indeed what we had. We had very low economic growth even during the Trump years the economy grew at 2%. It was unimpressive to say the least. What we also experienced was something completely unprecedented in really in certainly in modern history but maybe in all of human history and that is we experienced for a long period of time of a negative to zero interest rates that is the cost of borrowing was sometimes negative. You were being paid to borrow money certainly in Europe for long periods of time on certain government bonds interest rates were negative in Switzerland in in in Denmark in other countries. You had negative interest rates really unprecedented in human history and goes against flies counter to all of financial and economic theory that such a thing would exist. So you had money being created and you know flooded the economy. You had interest rates at zero or sometimes even negative and in the United States you had interest rates of basically zero maybe 1% maybe 2% but but nothing above that and then of course COVID happened so on top of these very very low interest rates which was already trying starting to create real distortions and perversions in the economy and and where there was already angst about how long this could survive. We then got a you know a COVID boost the government spending a massive stimulus you know really unprecedented in size both under Bush Bush where did Bush come from both under Trump and then under Biden. We got too massive stimulus packages and the result was what you would expect that is the result of helicopter money the result of just sending people checks in the mail the result of just flooding the market with money directly to consumers has been inflation and with inflation interest rates have risen and in spite of the fact that everybody thought inflation would peak inflation does not seem to have peaked it seems to have stabilized it seems to be going sideways for now and on top of that interest rates are high and they seem to be there seems to be an acknowledgement at least among many that interest rates are going to stay high. Now in state right now the the the tinnier bond yesterday peaked at 4.5 something I mean it's kind of funny sad funny to think that people think that this is a that this is somehow high interest rates in 1981 I think it was the tinnier bond was in the mid teens indeed for 40 years from the end of World War II basically until the early 1980s interest rates only went up and in the 1970s they spiked up with inflation and they continue to do so in the 80s and only only from 82 have we had a period of 40 years as it turns out cycles of 40 years something um another 40 years where interest rates have only gone down so they've gone out so much to zero negative that suddenly an interest rate of four and a half percent seems high I mean four and a half percent is not high but if you build into your assumptions if you build into your plans if you build into your cash flow estimates if you build into the affordability of housing the affordability of building plants buying equipment of doing business an interest rate that is zero then four and a half percent suddenly is really really high so we are in a situation right now where a lot of people who thought interest rates would be zero or close to zero forever suddenly encountering high interest rates we have companies all over the place that are going to have to refinance their debt instead of at three four five percent they're going to have to refinance the debt at seven eight nine percent where people would like to buy homes but are used to mortgages of two three four five percent are now looking at mortgages seven eight nine percent people don't want to sell their homes because they don't have to go and buy they they're sitting on three percent mortgages they don't want to give that up that's cheap money they don't want to give that up I don't want to sell my home because the mortgage is too valuable the US government raised money at zero to two percent interest rates for years all short-term money now is facing a situation where those interest rates are four or five percent and the US government is running massive deficits and all of this has to ultimately be reflected in less economic activity in a real slowdown of growth and in substantial bankruptcies and in companies going bust and to that the fact that the US government is running deficits higher than it ever has higher than during as high as it's been during the wars it is a it is running deficits it is running debt at the highest levels ever deficits continue forever so there's no prospects no prospects of those deficits shrinking nobody can nobody has any plan to bring about the shrinkage of those deficits you've got so security medicare out of control it's just hard to paint a picture of a positive economic outcome on top of that china on number one on number two trading partner trade is win-win is going through a massive economic restructuring its real estate sector is crashing collapsing going bankrupt but so many of its other businesses much of the chinese economy has been propped up with by the real estate sector the artificiality of that real estate sector and it really does look like the the chinese economy is going to slow maybe even start shrinking we know about the demographic collapse in china and and that is not completely sunk in yet into chinese psyche or into the rest of the world's psyche but it is happening it's happening faster than anybody expected so you've got an economic collapse happening in china just as china is of course moving in the wrong direction instead of freeing up it's going to be there's a funny quote of the of the chinese premiere of qi the other day he was on a tour somewhere and he was he was kind of demanding he was demanding more innovation was demanding more technological progress he was demanding a i mean there are ways to get more innovation more economic progress but the ways to do that are through liberty and freedom and free markets and not by penalizing your top entrepreneurs not by making them disappear not by putting them in jail or house arrest or whatever they put them not by breaking them up so china is in decline and let's be clear i know many of you might be celebrating the decline of china and there's a there's an element of of good that comes from china declining but there's also a lot of bad chinese economic activity was a real driver of economic growth in the united states it was a real driver of rising standard of livings in the united states counted to the story about job losses to china job were not lost to china the jobs were gained because of china because of trade with china and quality of life standard of living actually increased because of trade with china so to see china decline economically is another force another negative force driving economic growth in the united states downward putting pressure on the united on the us economy so china is in real trouble with no path out just like the united states has no path out nobody nobody literally nobody has a plan for how to deal with the challenges that the us economy faces today europe is in recession certainly germany is in recession parts of other europe is in recession and you know the the the prospects for european manufacturing germany bucked the trend for a long time of being in a manufacturing powerhouse and exporting in spite of high labor cost exporting out of germany to a large extent exporting to china well with china's decline german exports are down germany's also losing its manufacturing edge automobiles for example coming out of germany are not the right politically correct automobiles and electric the electric car industry is dominated at least for now by tesla and by the chinese germany seems to be in decline the rest of europe is in trouble as it tries to fund the ukrainian war tries to keep their own economies going try to go green or carbon neutral at the same time and somehow produce electricity for the coming winter as gas prices or oil prices are now approaching a hundred dollars a barrel which will raise the cost of energy significantly all over the world so real dramatic headwinds real dramatic clouds look at uk where inflation is persistent interest rates are high the economy probably shrinking and at the same time at the same time every single part of the world there is not a single part of the world where you can say economies are thriving over there i mean south america latin america is struggling in spite of the fact that they are mineral rich economies they're struggling they're struggling primarily because they're dominated by socialist and fascist economies africa is struggling it's always struggled it continues to struggle you know maybe india is doing a little bit better but india has all kinds of other problems that constrain its ability to grow economically and to replace china as a motor of economic growth mexico is doing okay but again struggling under a socialist president and probably another socialist president next year when elections are held canada struggling in spite of the fact that it has massive quantities of natural resources the world economies there's not a single region in the world right now that you can say is healthy is growth oriented and has the potential to really help avert a true economic slowdown we've got the united states is is not only in the process of spending you know and deficits and all of that but there's very little energy around getting rid of regulations getting rid of constraints on business they expand quite the country there is bipartisan efforts to go after american big business primarily to go after the key drivers at least of the stock market performance of the last 15 years and that's big tech i mean what has allowed the u.s economy to be successful over the last 20 years what has allowed the u.s economy to lead the world and and and what is what has made the u.s economy so resilient to economic forces it's the tech industry and who are the most successful of the companies in the tech industry that employ more people that that pay higher wages it's big tech and what is our politician's response to that is it to encourage more is it to congratulate them is it to thank them is it to promote more great tech companies in the united states not the politicians need to do that but no is it to cut their taxes is it to reduce the regulations they face reduce the trade barriers they face overseas no it's a drag them into court to fight antitrust lawsuits so we're taking the most successful companies in america the ones that are responsible for much of the economic growth over the last 20 years and we're going to penalize we're going to try to destroy them we're going to try to break them up all in the name of consumer well-being a consumer will be a lot better off without big tech without big companies employing producing creating building delivering so if you add the fiscal responsibility of the u.s. government to the regulatory irresponsibility of the u.s. government to this antitrust environment which is trying to break up our best and most productive companies to the fact that productivity growth is down to the fact that in spite of the fact that we have maybe the record numbers of people crossing the border into the united states we have less immigration than ever of people to come and work in the united states people crossing the border right now the united states are not allowed to work we ban them from the workforce we give them welfare we ban them from work crazy policy insane yes let's import more welfare recipients let's increase the welfare roles so you've got a economic environment where basically all the forces are aligned against growth against prosperity against success where it's it's likely that we see more bankruptcies more failures it's hard to see what we're the we're the saving you know what industry is going to save us where the economic growth is going to come from you know who's going to pay down their debts one scenario i guess the scenario the market likes the best actually yeah the the scenario the market likes the best right now is a recession a quick recession a recession it's so bad that the fed the federal reserve panics and reduces interest rates back to zero again in order to get us out of that recession so the solution to our economic malay is not is not economic growth it's not production it's not building it's financial jiggering with low interest rates that can only come about because of an actual economic and slide recession and somehow markets think this is a good thing no it's terrible and a recession is going to be hard to come out of there's no easy way out of it there's no i mean yes the fed will pull money back into the economy but the federal we cautious because of inflation and the federal government will have a problem spending itself out of this because it has to be cautious because of inflation but also because of the massive deficits and who's going to buy that debt so well i should think the u.s has probably positioned best in the world economically to survive the storm that is coming nobody is going to be completely spared from the storm nobody is going to be spared the coming storm is could be really devastating really challenging some kind of a session that we haven't seen in a long time and a recession that hits main street in ways that i think the latest last few recessions have hit sectors the economy that haven't affected main street that much that calm bubble boosting was mainly a city can valley recession that the 2008 was to a large extent a banking and and and was due to a session we could see a a lot worse than that affecting a lot more people and all of this at the time not only of anti-just laws of of regulations not shrinking but also of labor unrest i mean the auto workers are asking for a 40 plus percent raise they're asking for the fine benefits pensions going backwards they're asking to raise the costs of producing automobile in the united states with labor union with labor wages an absurd amount they're asking to make detroit a lot less competitive a lot less competitive than they have been 32 hour work weeks they're asking basically for ford and craisler and gm to acquiesce to their own destruction and what options the auto companies have they could fire all the workers but that would be illegal that would be impossible to do i mean the president of the united states was on the picket lines so you know ultimately that comes from compromise i assume the compromise will still raise dramatically the cost of making a car you know has the cheapest cost of building a car in the united states whereas the cheapest cost of labor in the u.s it's not detroit it's tesla and after tesla it's nison and teyota and bmw and misades in the south the south it's unionized labor the highest cost of building a car in the united states is detroit and now they want to make it more expensive and how is that going to work exactly how is that going to work and how they're going to compete so add add dramatically to our lack of productivity and it's stunning because there's so many things that could be done there's so many ways to fix it and the solution that biden the democrats many republicans and many economists seem to adhere to right now is more central planning more industrial planning more government subsidized electric cars and batteries and government subsidized solar panels and government subsidized chip manufacturers and government subsidized everything now where exactly in the world does that work so again i think we're heading towards dark economic times i just don't see any upside now whether it happens with one big drop one big decline whether it happens through slow stagnation for many decades i don't know i don't know how it plays out i don't know and the reality is that it's going to be global because the world is very interconnected the the failure of the economies of china and europe affecting the us the slowdown in the us will affect china and europe and i know people have been talking about recession for a long time now but it really does seem like just as people are coming to the conclusion there won't be a recession that's probably the best time to be thinking there will be one but it does really look like starting next year we're going to be facing a real potential for recession a reality not just a potential a reality of a session it's in the election year and yet i'm not sure anybody can do anything about it


Gwyl, hi Everyone, am ym yn Chris, rwy'n anwyn, rwy'n anwyn yn ei ddweud, ond ym yn ymwneud hynny'n gweithio'r plug oherwydd yng Nghymru yn anwyn yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch o'r cyfrifio. Rwy'n ddweud yn y bwynt, ond yn ymgyrch ar y ddweud, mae'n gwybod yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch. Rwy'n gweithio'n ei ddweud yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch. Rwy'r syniad o'r idee ac mae'r gweithio ar y Manwyn a'r maeself, ond yw'r gweithio'r gweithio. Felly, i ddim yn ddigwyddol ac i ddim yn ddim yn ddigwyddol, ydym ni'n byw, mae'n byw, mae'n byw, Manwyn. Rwy'r gweithio ar y project yn Gwyl Inglade, mae'r gweithio ar y landscape enghraeg, mae'r identitiw sy'n gweithio'r llyfridd, ac mae'r pryd ynglyn wedi'r gyflwytaeth Cymru, ac mae'r gweithio ar 2011 yn 2016. Rwy'r ffiddio'r pwblifachau, ond nid i'n gwybod i'r bobl yn ymddangos o'r projekty nid yn nid, ond nid oedd mae'n gwybod i'n gwybod i'r bobl yn ymddangos, sy'n gwybod ei fod. Yn ymgyrch yw o'r unig o'r cyffredinol, ychydig cynnigon cyllid, yng Nghylch, ydw i'n masg o'r 900,000 record, eu bod yn ei gwiswch o gwybod o ymddangos, yng Nghymru ar y blefnodau brydwyr. Yn ymddangos, mae'n gwybod i'r bobl yn fwynt. Felly, mae'n oed o ran o cael eu bod no project yn fusillu ond rydyn nhw'n meddwl, wedi bwysig i'w archeologi i gyd, ac oherwydd y dylai chesaf o mileydigunau data sy'n gan congruiau ar y ffordd rym surtout. Felly, gallwn amod, mae'r pryd yn Ytod G16 a'r ysgol drwy Gymru, ac yn ddiwrnod cael ei gael ychydig sydd wedi eu lleidio. Cynol, i wneud â'r projewdau, argyfael â'r cyhoeddion faviwn ffordd wedi'u ganddeigiaeth gan ein gwyllgor i magnau rhaed i'r Legaidd yw yng Nghymru, ond mae erioed yn fawr yn ratedi. Felly y gallwn gweithio'r digwydd o'r cyffredin llwyddoedd yn ddau'r cyffredin, dyma hwnnw yn ymgynghwyl y cyn Barnasol yn ilisio'r cyffredin llwyddoedd a daethau ysgol o'r cyffredin llwyddoedd. fel ymdegwyd, ychydig, yw ddweud, ychydig, y ffordd, ac mae'r ffordd! Ond mae'n ffordd i'n ddweud y ddataeth yn hystodol i'r hordd, rydym wedi bod ar gyfer hynny ymddangos i'r hoffaeth yn ei bwysig, a'r hoffaeth i'r hoffaeth hynny yn ei bwysig. A'r hyffaeth yn ymddangos i hynny'n cael ei gwaelig i'r hoffaeth yma, gyda'r cyfwyr fânfodol sy'n lanlu cyfraith yw'r cyfwyr yw ddweud yw'n gweithio ar gyfer ddechrau'n ddod Ac roedd yn groesio ychydig iawn ddadech ydyn nhw'n ôl. Fy fydd y cwmaint rwy'n ddod y bydd yn hyn o bobl cyd-slid yn ei ddod yn gynghwm, byddechrau dan yw mynd i'r cynnwysau müssenol credits yw'r hynny. wrth cremonm are under threat in the current economic climate and their continued existence relies upon demonstration of their usefulness in that they are actually being used. So there is reluctance in some quarters we found in archaeology in England to use these secondary datasets due to concerns about their accuracy and reliability but its actually really important that we do use them otherwise they can have to die. The relationships between archaeological engineering entities and the digital records they become mae'r eich cyffredinol a'r cyffredinol eich cyffredinol. A'r lle i fynd ddod yw'r ysgolio arall yw'r newydd yn cyffredinol, a'r cyffredinol rydw i'n mynd i ddweud y bydd eich gweithio'r cyffredinol, ond yn y llif. Dyna'r ddigyddion cenderon o'r archaelogicol yw gwylwch yn ymlaen i'r bwysig yn rhan, ond mae'n gwneud o ymgylcheddau metaforol, mae'r ddim enw yn eu cymdeithasol yn y cwmtex. Felly, mae'r cyfnodd yn cael ei ddweud y ddechrau yn ffordd yn y cyd-dweud yn ddyn nhw'r cyfnodd yma ar y cyfnodd ar y dyfodol. Mae'r cyfnodd yn ystod yn gwneud y cerddurol ar gyfer ar gyfer archaeoligol o'r data, ond mae'n rhaid i'r ddweud hynny. Mae'r cerddurol ar y bobl yn gweithio ar y gwaith ar gyfer Baulfa ac Star. Mae'r cyfnodd yn gweithio'r cyfnodd yn y cwntes ar gyfer y gweithredu ar gyfer gweithredu Ildwch chi'n ei gynllun o'r pryd-dweithio'r cyfnodd yw'r cyfnodd ar gyfer ICD. Felly, gallwn i chi'n mynd i ddiddordeb yn holl o'r cyfrifio ar gyfer ar gyfer i chi'n mynd i chi. Mae'rarchaeologist yn fyddownadau ar gyfer gyfer gweld yn ffynolau cyllidau a'n deffinitiwns, a'n dda chi, ond maen nhw'n ddiddordeb i chi, ond mae'n ddim yn rhan. Just like us. Bakr and Star found that the ICD has – I'm going to list these things now – a tendency to obscure the relationship practises and histories from which it was formed. Its users employ the fixed terminologies and standards in different ways. Different practitioners tend towards lumping or splitting data into more or less categories. Many entities evade neat categorisation. mae'r cyfgledd ar y cyfnodau yn gweithio'r chwlad, mae'n gweithio'r cyfnodau am ymgyrch, mae'r syrfa yng Nghaerhau IE, ac ydych yn ôl i'r ffordd i'r cyfnodau sydd yn cyfnodau i gydagio'r cyfnodau i'r cyfnodau'r cyfnodau yn ymgyrch. Yn ymgyrch yw'r ICD, y cyfnodau ymgyrch yn cyfrifio'r cyfnodau gyda gwasanaethau sydd yn gwirionedd i gydagio'r cyfnodau sydd yn gwirionedd Ychydigwyd yw'r gwneud ychydigfyniadau yn ymdweithio'r iechyd yw'r pethau fflaesun o'r modificatio'r ystod yn gweithio'r gwneud. Yn Gyling, mae'r ffordd, oes? Felly mae'r gwaith o'r oedd yw'r oedden nhw ar gweithio'r cyfnodd ar gyfer ar gyfer aelodriaeth. Fy ydych chi'n gweithio'r gweithio'r problemau, fe wnaeth chi'n gweithio'r oed. But Barker and Starr argued that they shouldn't necessarily be viewed in a negative light, as modification and variations are important, making data relevant at a local level for their primary users. They argue that resistance to standardisation is necessary, as that is how information systems are able to evolve. Data managers should, in their opinion, abandon their faith in creating unified systems to describe the world and instead focus their attention on developing strategies to better handle the diversity and practicalities of the world. And Barker and Starr argued for a new kind of data management research, exploring the nuanced topographies and histories of information infrastructures where they described as a plate tectonics rather than a static geology. I'll get it in the end. So the issue that I'm going to cover today, which is one of many, but the issue that I'm going to talk about today is one of the major issues with the data we gathered for England involved the different spatial scales at which archaeological data are managed across England. So what most people in English archaeology would consider the main or the most complete record are the around 80 local historic environment records which are maintained by local authorities. But there are also a number of national level data sets administered by bodies such as Historic England, which is represented here by Keith, or the British Museum, which also record archaeological data. So when we tested this manually through map overlay analysis of sample areas, these showed varying levels of overlap with local HER records. So the top one is the national record of the historic environment, and these were the 30-odd HERs we tested, and this is the percentage of overlap of those records in these little test squares we did. So some only had really low levels of concurrence or overlap, whatever you want to call it, coherence with the NRAG, and some were very, like, inclusive. And these are just a couple of other data sets that I've watched for the investigation project in the DAS. You can see there's kind of a tendency for NRAG things to be integrated in HRI data sets and the tendency for the portability schemes to not be. So all of this is caused by a specific historical circumstances through which the various data sets have come into their current form, which is a topic that's way too large for this presentation. And this issue, in practice, for us, required a multi-scaler approach to its solution. So for the smaller case study areas, we manually checked where overlaps through map overlay and defined them as relationships in our database. For larger case study areas and at our national level, we had to rely on some kind of automated process, and the way I did that was through simplifying all the terms even further to further different types of sites. And then filtering the data on a presence-absence basis using various resolutions of spatial bin. So the kind of problem, or however you want to look at it, with this method is that it relies upon treating the inputted data as if they are accurate, i.e., giving the data the benefit of the doubt and assuming that it's unlikely to be wrong in any important way at the scales of analysis that we operated at. So, yeah, that's plain. This is just a video of our web app, which you can have a play around with. You can go to the address at the top. So in practice, when we compared our data against data collated through more intensive manual processing methods by other projects, the only real differences we saw in our data from those were in the detail. The broad-scale patterns were very consistent. In the few cases where we could see larger problems, these were readily apparent as they showed clear step changes at the edge of local authority areas. Creating these multiple data sets designed to operate at different scales as you can see as we zoom in and out on this enables us to approach a wide range of questions relating to past processes that themselves operated at a wide range of scales. And when we opened up this data for exploration by members of the public or other people like you all or everyone else in a familiar sort of online setting, we facilitated much easier access to data which is publicly available but relatively complex to get hold of and also to examine for a non-specialist, so it classifies democratisation. And also by offering the ability to download these synthetic data sets to anyone who wishes, although that would need a bit of GIS skill, we're enabling other researchers to examine a background picture of English archaeology which they should find useful to contextualise their own findings or to challenge ours which I label under disruption. Unfortunately we weren't in the end able to share our raw data because we ran out of time to go ask all the 80 people again if they'd let us put it online and I think we wouldn't have. But this kind of binned data is reasonably precise that goes down to the nearest kilometre and at least lets people have some idea of what's out there either in their local area or if their research is what men are on a wider scale nationally. So we would argue that digital archaeological data sets are characterful with diverse histories, contents and structures and also with gaps, inconsistencies and uncertainties. Moves towards interoperability have helped to alleviate some of these issues but the very characterfulness of data in and of itself can be valuable in terms of gaining insight into shifts in archaeological practice. The many individuals and organisations that have had a hand in creating archaeological data sets over time mean that it's hardly surprising that they're complex and that sometimes their relationships to archaeological entities in and of themselves can appear ambiguous. But to reiterate it from what I said earlier archaeology is not alone in this. So the three major conclusions that we came to in the paper that I referenced at the start are that one Despite their idiosyncrasies, archaeological data sets can perform amazing work so we should not give up on them just because of concerns over objectivity etc. Metadata and ontologies do help here obviously. Secondly, it's vital to continue the quest to understand data better in their own right. This not only enables us to understand how to use data better and how to interpret the patterns that we find but can also provide insight into ourselves as a research community. Given the previous discussion, it's essential that we develop more methods for working at a range of analytical scales. It can be fruitful, interpretatively, to pick the best data for our analyses but it can also be very productive to try and look beyond the usual suspects and embrace available data on a wider and more inclusive scale. This is especially the case if we wish to justify our existence as a discipline, particularly commercially, at least for us in Brexit Britain. Increasingly, economically difficult and uncertain times. Thank you David Cameron.