And we are live. What's up, guys? This is a second episode in the Q&A, this random show that I'm doing. So like always, if you guys have a question, hit me up in the chat box. I do have some topics I do want to talk about. Let me just first set up this tech over here. Make sure you guys are hearing me OK. All right, we are good. OK. Sound is good. Audio is good. I hear you guys. We are good. And the questions are rolling in. All right, coming in like a tsunami. First question is from Greg Occhieta. Hey, Amir, I'm wondering what's your take on co-found it. Oh, that is a token that wants to invest in startups and incubate them. If they are doing it like blockchain capital, then it's just a simple security. The token itself is nothing special. It's just another way of getting liquidity for investors. So it's pretty straightforward. But the issue with the token, though, in that aspect is depending on you as investor, how do you do your taxes, what jurisdiction you're in, are you paying capital gains tax that consider currency. So there's a lot of different variables. I think we're still very early for a token representing as an investment into another vehicle. So from fiat to a token, that token represents fiat into other startups which are legalized in that jurisdiction. So I think we're a couple of years away from something like that. But I think there's going to be some validity of that sort of nature within the future, but more or less in crypto equity as opposed to just tokenization. Thoughts on Cardano? I haven't spoken with them yet. So that's in the pipeworks. I don't know when that's happening. DevCon for about two weeks in Mexico, some offline guys. So maybe when I come back, I'll set up a meeting with them. So we'll see. Or maybe they're down there. I have no idea. OK. Dorian Sanders, what price of Bitcoin? Will the price of Bitcoin drop over the next week until it will rise again before the two? Listen, I'm not giving out financial advice. If we look at history, it dropped during Bitcoin cash. It drops any time. There's some, let's say, influential individual talking about it that views it as a bad light. Remember, there's technology and there's human emotions. There's human psychology. There's a 25-cognitive biases. Technology itself is innate. So human beings can manipulate other human beings through whatever they want. So will the price drop? Maybe. I don't know. I'm a firm believer in diversifying and hedging your odds. So if you want to invest a little bit now, so that's pre. Then invest a little bit post and do whatever you want to do. But don't ever, ever take advice or opinion from one person. You think that's the golden rule. Window fly is Ethereum highly likely to outperform and be more popular than Bitcoin. That's hard to decide, considering it's like comparing a banana to an orange. They're two different things, completely different things. So I don't know. I can't compare those two together. They're completely different technologies. Dorian Sanders again, what do you think about? I have no idea what that is. Sorry, I don't know. I don't. Hey guys, stop asking me questions about these random coins. I don't study random coins. I'm not a trader. I don't care about all these different alt random coins. I care about maybe four or five to actually make a difference and have a solid team and sell a tech behind them. Top three ICOs for the fourth quarter? I'm not a trader, man. I keep on telling you guys that. I don't trade crypto. I'm always bullish on Bitcoin, Ether, Monero, Zcash. Civic is a decent token. Let's see what else. Filecoin's a good one, but that's closed off for people. Polkadot's gonna be really good. What else? Litecoin? I don't know. I'm bullish on decentralized cryptos as opposed to tokens. Here's a non-related crypto question from Cryptostine. How old are you and why did you get kicked out? I'm 32. I just turned this year. I was, why did I get kicked out? Cause I never went to school. I was born as a troublemaker and I was really born. That's it. And I decided to have fun and became an entrepreneur at the age of 15 and hustled for about 10 years and lived a really interesting life. I'll tell you guys another time about my interesting different lives. From being shot at to stabbed at to you name it.  How did I get into crypto? Toronto, this is from Martin. Question, how did I get in crypto? I'm in Toronto, big crypto community.  My business partner is a father of italics. So that's how I know. Window fly, Amir, do you have any experience with Jacks? And it's transfer fees. So transferring from Jacks to Quadriga. And with the, I know Jacks, I know the founder and I have, I can't comment on their fees. I have no idea. I don't use any physical mobile wallets.  I just use hard wallets all the time. So I can't help you guys out. Vinnia, ask question. Is there any book to get complete knowledge about cryptocurrency? The space moves so fast. The best advice to you is go to Blockheeks. That's what we do. We educate developers, we educate the public. We have the best guides in the world. We've got three million visitors on our website on a month to month basis. We have about 8,000 students. Actual technical students we're training. So that's the best resource. Amir, what do you think about Vertcoin? I think nothing of it. I can't make opinion. I haven't studied it. And truth be told, I will not study it. Yes, Blockheeks.  Thank you, Wolf. I appreciate your comment. Hey, Amir, have you heard of Allent, ICO? Well, no, I haven't heard of them. I know Propi for the blockchain and real estate. I think blockchain and real estate have a lot of synergy, but I think it's really early because you can have code as law aspect. You can have all these smart contracts where you have a title of a house, go to a new owner, but if that local jurisdiction doesn't view that as law and actually update their own personal city hall records, then that transfer that just occurred on the smart contract means bupkiss, means nothing whatsoever. So the local jurisdiction that you're doing business in actually has to view that smart contract as law and to actually write down that process, write down that transaction that happened on the blockchain in their own personal city hall records. That's the only way that's gonna work. Kamal asked, what do you think of paper wallets? I love them. There's a big guide on Blockheeks for that. Go to guides and type in how to protect your cryptocurrency and paper wallet guide. I'll show you step by step. I love them. It's simple, fast, pretty safe. Crazy people saying, ether will go to a thousand. I don't stop wishing for these Lambos and thousand dollar coins, man. Like, come on. Which is the best exchange for buying all coins? Cracking is pretty good. We use them. Coin square here in Toronto is really good. Thoughts on Jeff Garzik? I don't know the individual. So this is from Ovo Mount. I don't know the individual. Listen, guys, I can never ever make an opinionated comment about something, whether that is a company or a person, unless I have actually spoken with that company or people. It's not fair. Like, that's another thing. When people make opinions about other people or other projects without actually taking their time to talk to the owners or founders or study what they're speaking about, that person just lying to you. So how can you make a judgmental opinionated call on something if you know nothing about it? So for me, I just tell people, I don't know anything. So I can't make an opinionated call. Will I buy a Lambo? No, I don't own any NEO.  And in fact, I don't even have a car. I don't like cars. Can't wait till self-driving cars are here. So I don't have to drive. I just jump in a car. I use Uber everywhere I go. So question from, I don't know, EMCKJO. You get inspiration from Warren Buffet. How do you react to him calling a bubble? Hey, you know, I'm a firm believer in cognitive biases. And you know, we're here in the cryptoverse and we believe it's not a bubble. And I love to get opinions triangulated from people who are outside of the space. So if he thinks it's a bubble, I think that gives a lot of warranted evidence for us to actually look at what's happening in the space. And what happens in bubbles, there's great opportunities to gain and there's great opportunities to lose. So I'm a firm believer in hedging what you have and thinking long-term as opposed to short-term. So there's always going to be corrections in any single market, you know, crypto is nothing special. Well, you call them dinosaurs, but I beg to differ. Do I think NEO is an okay coin? I don't know. I haven't studied NEO. I haven't studied it. Guys, to study a coin, you need about 20 to 40 hours to read the white paper to understand it. I'm not kidding you, 20 to 40 hours. You need to then talk to the founding team. It's a long, long process, my friends. What kind of JavaScript do I need to learn? To learn what? Solidity, basic JavaScript can get you started. At least coding smart contracts with the EVM is not that complicated. What are some of my hobbies outside of work? MMA, what else? Play a little bit piano, dancing with my fiance. Psychedelics, healing medicines, going to my cottage, outdoors. I lived in BC, British Columbia for three years. So I spent every single weekend hiking into the Rocky Mountains, canoeing, kayaking. So I love the outdoors and I love martial arts. Do you believe in aliens? Yes, I do believe in extraterrestrial life. Thoughts on gambling-oriented coins? I think gambling and gaming are the perfect fit for tokens because they've been doing it already, it's nothing new. BJJ, yeah, I've done some Brazilian jiu-jitsu. My background is more or less boxing and Greco-Roman wrestling. And I did 16 years of Shotokan karate. What part of BC I was from? Kelowna, I was in Kelowna, sunny Kelowna. And then I spent some time in a van but I liked Kelowna a little bit better. Kloss, do you train BJJ? No, I don't train it. I just partake in a here and there, a couple of friends, but I don't actively go out to pursue belts. I don't pursue any belts in any martial arts at the moment. I did Krav Maga for a year, last year for fun. Usually I like to do sprints, train a little bit for six months just to get the foundations of it. Do I ever feel unmotivated? Yeah, we're human beings. When you feel depressed, I feel unmotivated. I feel lousy all the time. That's part of the human nature. Magic mushrooms or LSD, a little bit of both. And talking about that, for me, I think microdosing shroom, silly Saibin, has been one of the most impactful things I've added to my life and then also MDMA. Doing that maybe like every two, three months or every quarter, really shedding the layers of that masks that we wear, especially for me, I'm a very alpha male. So I wanna shed the layers off of me and really get down emotionally. Thoughts on Jack Cruz, I know him well. Mention my names, though I do know him. He's a very interesting character. Bitcoin Cash and upcoming Bitcoin Gold, which is best invest, I'm not gonna answer that. Thoughts on Ethereum, Ethereum is good. It's building technologies, they're doing a good job. Do I think it's safe to keep money on Bitrex or exchanges? I don't keep a penny on any exchange. So I keep everything on a hardwall. I'm a long-term investor, guys. I don't trade. I don't do arbitrage. I don't speculate. I just sit on stuff, long-term holding positions. I tried Iboga, so this is from Adam M. I've tried Iboga, I've done micro-dosing of Iboga. I haven't done full dose yet. That's, that is coming up. I don't know when, but I've done micro and I really, really wanna do a full journey or with a full dose on Iboga. And I've heard so many beneficial things on that process. Thanks, Bill, I appreciate the comment. Been to Peru, I haven't been to Peru, I've done DMT. I haven't done ayahuasca yet, full ayahuasca. So I need to do Iboga, full Iboga, full ayahuasca. I've done DMT with the vape over here, but that's like 15 minutes, you're gone, you come back. It's hard to remember what happens. But yeah, I definitely wanna go to Peru and maybe some time to go to Africa for Iboga. What are the best enhancing supplements like Modafinil from Dorian? For me, it's Omega, Omega is fish oil. For me, it's some neutral picks like Nupept and Paracetam usually works for me, but I don't really take them that much. And Modafinil, a lot of people have had benefits. I've tried it, but it doesn't work well with me.  Come to Ecuador, all right, I'm down for Ecuador. Do I believe cash will disappear before 2025? No. Do I believe governments will have a crypto fiat? Yes. What is more revolutionary, Bitcoin and blockchain? Well, you can't really separate them. They're one and the same. That's the problem people are trying to do. They're trying to separate that. Is multiple Bitcoin hard forks good for Bitcoin's future? Pranush, Pranshu, sorry. Yes and no. It will drop the price obviously because they're gonna have brand dilution because people can confuse the different names like Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin Gold, Bitcoin 2x, et cetera. The network will be attacked a lot from different mining facilities and hashing power. But at the end of the day, that will increase the resilience of the legacy chain for Bitcoin or segway chain, whatever you wanna call it. And I think in the long run, you will see that the original Bitcoin will outperform everybody. It is the longest chain. It's the most resilient. And so in the short term, it will harm it, but in the long term, it'll increase value. Best beginner book to learn about blockchain tech. Blockheeks, forget the books. Just go to Blockheeks. Golem, if you missed my last random Q and A, I talked about Golem for about 10 minutes, so check that out. What about Bitcoin energy consumption? What about the bank consumption of energy and the financial institution? It's funny when people talk about Bitcoin consumption. Like how much does a bank take? And all the banks combined in the federal reserve system and minting of the money. Why are I so hot? Two simple reasons. Greed and more greed. There you go. Yo, dude, are you from Bina Luka? No, but my parents are from Yugoslavia, but I'm born in Toronto. Thoughts on Electronium? I don't know. I'm not gonna study it. I don't care about it. What do you think about OmsiGo? I think they're good. They're gonna first ones to roll out Plasma. They have a solid team, solid application. So I wish them the best. What did I say for beginners? Blockgeeks, B-L-O-C-K, geeks.com, blockgeeks. My questions are coming in fast. I don't have time to read them. Why do I sound always annoyed? I don't know, I'm not really annoyed. From Wolfgang, speaking of space, do you think SpaceX successfully reusable rockets for launching satellites at low costs can form hardware parts that build a foundation, contribute fast? I'm not too sure. Average hours of sleep per night for me? Oh, I love my sleep. I go to sleep at 10 o'clock and wake up at five. But I also have a sleep habit. Blue light blockers, magnesium at night time, cold room, no electronics, about an hour and a half before bed. Then I wake up, I have artificial light. So I have this like infrared light, then a blue light that shines light if it's kind of cloudy outside.  So I do have a routine for proper sleep. If I don't get good sleep, I can't function properly. Should I learn blockchain coding from John? I don't know, should you? Sure, if you like it, do it. We need more of them. Come to Block Geeks, we'll teach you. You got kids, you want kids? Yeah, we're having kids next year. I'm actually getting married next year. I'll be in Croatia, getting married in August, then honeymoon in Amalfi Coast, and then having kids. Well, that's the plan, we'll see.  It's simple, I always give this exercise to people. Remember guys, we are these flesh creatures on the skeleton, spinning around thousands of kilometers on this rock that's going around the universe. Like when you think about it, does it really matter what you do?   The Buddhists have a saying, like a cloud, so do old clouds pass or the wind happens. So if you think that cloud will stay there, it's not, it's gonna pass, but we're gonna forget about the cloud. So just do you, chain link interview. Sure, set it up, send us a CC and an email. Thoughts on Exodus? I briefly played with it, the UX is not bad. I think they're multi-currency right now, I'm not too sure. Am I Muslim? No, I don't practice any religion. I consider myself an agnostic spiritualist.  Or is it Pizza Prime? Is diversification really possible in the crypto space? No. Not yet, that is. What's my belief? I don't have a belief. I'm an agnostic spiritualist. I just take different beliefs whenever I need them and I use them. The Vedic's have a saying, if you define me, if you label me, how does it go? If you label me, you negate me. So one of my favorite sayings from the Vedic's and one of my other favorite poems comes from Rumi, human breathing, it's called human breath. I have no label, I have no definition. You can't define me, you can't put a label and my belief system is not a belief system. It's open to all interpretations. What's my thoughts on Roger Veer? Never met the guy. He's done a lot for the space. He's promoted cryptocurrency for a year or so. I don't know, seems like a good guy. I can't really comment on him until I meet him and sit down with him and have dinner. Best three books he would recommend? Oh, it depends though. Anything by Joseph Campbell from mythology and spirituality. That's a good one. Something else, I don't know. I always go back to Joseph Campbell. I reread those books all the time, Young, Anything by Young, Philosophy for Art and Schopenhauer, these are like, I don't know, it depends, like if you want to study philosophy, those are some good books. From B-Rang, B-Joe, sorry, sorry, mispronounce your names, guys. Do you see the future of Bitcoin as a store of value like gold? Me personally do, I see it as store of value. I don't see it as currency. Good time to hold or invest in BTC during forks, I can't comment on that. I'm not a financial investor. Do I hold any precious metal? Yes, gold and silver, physically. Breadtrend Russell? Yes, totally, awesome.  Alan Watts. Did I watch Breaking Bad? I think has to be like my favorite show of all time. Breaking Bad was just too good. Is quantum computing really threat? Temporarily, yes, but they can actually change elliptical curve signature in Bitcoin and Ethereum to make it quantum proof. So there are scenarios and algorithms and consensus changes to actually counteract quantum computing. But we have bigger problems to worry about once that happens, then if crypto's gonna be broken or not, all security models in the world is gonna be broken. Thoughts on the book, Money Masters, the game, that's by Tony Robbins. Good book, I read it. But if you wanna go to the source for that, Ray Dalio, Principles, top money manager in the world, do you dollar cost average into Bitcoin? I dollar cost average into everything. I think it's the best and simplest thing for most average people and even like veteran season investors. What's their thoughts on Zlatan Ibrahimovich, the soccer player, football player, good player? I don't watch too much football or sports in general, but when I do and what do I know of him? Yeah, he's a great player. If Nakamoto chose to sell his Bitcoin, he could flood the market and costs. Yeah, the market could crash a little bit, but I don't think so Bitcoin would disappear. I think the brand penetration and reputation and how long it's been here, how many people use it, and how many actually people viewed as a story. Remember, human beings are storytellers. That's the number one invention if you read the book, Homo sapiens. So if it's in our mythos, if it's in our mythos that Bitcoin is a story of value, mentally speaking, it's very difficult to erase that story from a human mind. Religion, religion's been here for thousands of years. It's just literally figments of imagination written down a piece of paper that people listen to and actually obey it.  Funny, bring that up. I was just finishing, I actually reread that book almost every single quarter. Wait a second, one second. I listened to an audible, but just this morning. What is the best branding, marketing book or website you recommend? Branding, marketing? impound.org is a good website. It's an allocation of everything. Do you recommend traveling while young? Yeah, traveling is good regardless of the age you are. We're nomadic creatures. The reason why we conquer the world is because we're nomads. Traveling is amazing for the human mind, the spirit, the psyche. Like, I highly recommend travel as much as you can. Which altcoins do you hold? Nothing, I don't hold. I'm not, I'm not, I'm only gonna answer that. I haven't read any books on parenting yet, tell you the truth. Do you watch Game of Thrones? No, I don't watch any series right now. Wait, Ozarks, Ozarks. I'm waiting for season two for Ozarks, that money laundering series. How would you fix the volatility of Bitcoin so it's more usable as a payment? I don't think so it's gonna become a form of payment, tell you the truth. So I see it as store of value. I watch Mr. Robot, it's interesting, but it hasn't got me addicted to it. Like Breaking Bad or Ozark. The best startup, what was the question? The best startup to start today. First solve a problem, that's how you figure up a startup. You don't just make believe a startup or assume you're doing something that people want. Find an exact problem that people have and solve it, that's your startup. How many calories, I don't count calories, I have no idea. What debit card do I use and where you're from? Oh yeah, I'm gonna tell you that right away. Black Mirror, yeah. Funny enough, China might be starting to do something similar to that as well.  One of the best sayings of all time. What do I think about EOS? It's almost the same code as BitShares and they have delegated proof of stake which has centralized voting rights for nodes which you could find out. So there are some flaws, but you know, my entrepreneurial side tells me, let's go out there, let's experiment, let's fail and see what we can create. Do I listen to Eric Prida? Yes, one of my favorite tracks of his is every day.  What is my title blocky? Because I'm the founder and CEO. Do I listen to any podcast? Oh yeah, Tim Ferriss for our work week podcast is really good, Sam Harris. Who else? Stop listening for a while, but those two I keep on coming back to before our work week by Tim Ferriss, Sam Harris and Dan Carlin, history shit, what's it called? One second, Dan Carlin podcast. His Jengus Kong series is crazy. Hardcore history, that's it. You like Tupac? I love rap, grew up a rap.  Nas, have I ever had a bad trip?  I was fucked, man. It was like, that's a whole crazy story. Warren Buffa, Ray Dalio, Ray Dalio. They, well, for Warren Buffa's side, they're both a little bit different. I actually like Charlie Munger on Warren Buffa's side. One second, questions are rolling in fast. Thoughts on Tangle Tech, so Ayota, I'm actually setting up a meeting with David, the founder of it, to speak about it. So I've read it myself. I have my own questions. I wanna go to the source and actually get those answers. So I don't know, I'm gonna be at DEF CON next week, so I'm offline for a while so that interview's not gonna happen for another week. So hopefully, maybe second week in November, I can set up an interview with David, the founder of it, to really figure out what's happening with that.  Don't ask me those questions. I'm not gonna give you any financial information. Can I talk about blockheeks? Blockheeks is simple. We're a SaaS model online. We train all developers and get them jobs.  How many different companies work at our office? We have our venture fund, L4. We have Blockheeks. We have Cosmos here. We have Truebit is here. Yeah, we have a bunch. What do I recommend for storing currency? Ledger and NOS. I love the team, I love the tech. It's simple, it's easy, it's streamlined. Anyone can use it. I got no complaints. Do I see any startups in the weed business in Canada that you like? Weed, please, the decent one. My buddy Callan runs that. Have I ever listened to what? I'm back to religious questions. Favorite privacy coin? Monero, I really love Monero. Zcash is good, but now Ethereum is gonna have ZK Snark, so you have both options. What's your thoughts on ENS? I think ENS is fantastic. One of the actual businesses out there that are making a killing and actually solving a problem for people. What's my thoughts on divorce rates?  Do I live in San Francisco? No, I'm in Toronto. What's your top recommended raves? I don't know, man. I haven't been to any new ones. When I've gone, I don't know. Shambhala's a good one in Canada. You got Birding Man. Back in the day when I was actually going to the World of Chonic Music Festival, like there's probably a million now. Now, BlockGeekz is, we do have a lot of free training, but if you're looking to actually learn step by step with our blockchain teachers that we have full-time here in our office, it's a month-to-month subscription model. What's the purpose of life? These questions are crazy. I'll actually answer that one. There is no purpose of life. Joseph Campbell, he nails it down. There's a potentiality of life. You have the potential to become many different things. It's like a blade of grass. What's the purpose of a blade of grass? So a blade of grass, it gets cut every single week.  I don't wanna grow anymore, get cut every single week. This whole idea of you having this one purpose to one thing, that's not the case. You have potential to do many amazing things in your life. So it's up to you to figure out that potentiality. Opinions on Buddhism, an ungeneric statement. Ah, listen, I wouldn't say I'm against religion. I don't like organized religion. I think it controls people and labels everything. It puts everything in a box, right? It doesn't make you think for yourself and it doesn't give you the option of using other tools, but there's a famous Buddhist sermon. The Dalai Lama went in front of all the practicing monks and he said this to them, it's like, keep up your practice for enlightenment, but do not be attached to your method. And this was really powerful. And he acknowledged the fact that there's many different ways so you can achieve enlightenment, whatever that definition is for you, but you cannot be stuck to your own definition or you're thinking that this is the right way. So that was a very impactful moment in my life when I read about that. Do I know how to code? No, I know basic coding, HTML, but I'm not a coder. No, do I meditate? Yes, I do walking and meditation. So I'll actually listen to binaural beats and then walk. Do I, Richard Hart? I have no idea who that is. Joseph Campbell, follow your bliss, yeah? Anything by Joseph Campbell is amazing. How much money do you usually keep on the blockchain for training? I have, I don't even know what that question means. One piece of advice for starting a wee business in Canada, make sure it's scalable and don't be in that gray area where all of a sudden the laws can change and the business crumbles, that's not good. Who are those random interns? Those are interns, exactly it. Time is, oh fuck, it's 11.50 already. How much money do you need to retire? First of all, why do you need to retire? That's, don't view life that way. All right, guys, I have a meeting exactly at 12. That's in seven minutes from now. I'm gonna take one more question and I'm wrapping it up. One of these questions. Blue pill or yellow pill, both pills. Combine them together and go down the rabbit hole. Thoughts on cloud storage, I have no idea. I'll leave that for another topic or another video I'll talk about. But I'm out, guys, I'm out. I literally, the meeting's coming in at 12 o'clock. I will try to do these more often.  He's from Toronto, I support him fully. God bless that guy. Peace.


Autolight and its 96,000 dealers bring you Mr. Robert Young in tonight's presentation of So Spence Tonight Autolight presents a story about a man who commits a murder efficiently and safely Only to find there was a witness the story is called a murder of necessity Starring Mr. Robert Young Great performance hey Harlow sure is half reminds me of the outstanding performance of that team Combination of precision-made units including the auto light generators starting motor coil distributor and all the other important parts of The complete auto light electrical system in your auto light equipped car. I know Harlow But I'm talking about the show and what a show that auto light electrical system puts on half It works every time you start and run your car blow your horn light your lights or use your electric windshield wiper cigarette lighter radio or heater and every unit is related by auto light engineering design and Manufacturing skill to give you the smoothest performance money can buy. Yes. Well, here's the next act Harlow The next act friends is to specify auto light original factory parts when replacements are needed for your auto light equipped car because From bumper to tail light. You're always right with auto light And now with a murder of necessity and the performance of mr. Robert Young Autolight hopes once again to keep you in suspense I'm walking along a city street murder in my heart Tonight is the night.  Some sign painter will have a new job Scrape the name and gold letters off the glass door Herbert J. Sacks private investigator will soon be dead gentle Through the panel of the glass door the fat shadow of the big man sitting happily in his swivel chair Mr. Sacks waits within murderer Knock on his door Gets up from the chair Herbie Come and open the door meet your doom Start any other office. Oh Hello mark What do you want a few moments of your time? Oh, I'm busy. Let's make it inside Herbie Go ahead. Herbie sit down Well, what do you want? Herbie I'm through You've bled me for the last nickel. What are you talking about? I made a mistake a long time ago And when hunting and I killed a man it was an accident But instead of turning myself in and getting off on a charge of manslaughter I listened to the advice of a man named Herbie sacks go home.  I look mark. I've had to pay for your silence haven't I Herbie Through the nose Who do you think you are coming here like this?    Who was he talking to? Must have been talking to somebody on the telephone He didn't hang it up Who's there? Please don't phone and Herbie's desk drawer had been off the hook Herbie'd been talking to someone on the phone Who would it been? Somebody I knew Somebody I didn't know Somebody like Herbie who'd make me suffer some more I had to find out but how How I got an idea the phone pad Today March 24th and under the date three names L. Collins The name Janice and a phone number And an art lafune Could it have been one of them? On the phone you heard What Was it a radio? Was it a record? That's all you have to go on but it'll have to be enough Even now whoever it was may be calling the police Down in the corner drugstore I look up L. Collins There's only one strange for a name like Collins, but only one Lucius Collins who lives on North Woodburn Drive The taxi gets me there in 20 minutes Yes Uh Mrs. Lucius Collins Yes Is um Is your husband at home? Yes, you want to see him? If it's possible Come in Just follow me What did you say your name was? I didn't say But it's uh Paul, Paul Drake Oh Lucius Is it Mr. Drake who wants to see you? Drake? Yes, Mr. Collins a mutual friend asked me to call I'd like to speak to you alone if I may I'll close the door Mr. Collins Oh uh Sit down Mr. Drake Thank you You said a mutual friend sent you or who? Herbie Sacks sent me Mr. Collins What does he want? He's not satisfied with the present setup Mr. Drake, I'm paying him all I can now I can't pay anymore If I did my wife might find out Then how would I explain it? Doesn't Mr. Sacks understand that? He's not satisfied, Mr. Collins That's all I can tell you But what am I going to do? Well Herbie just gave me a general picture of your situation Perhaps if you filled me in on the details There are no details, Mr. Drake I made a mistake once I met a girl we grew fond of each other Naturally my wife suspected something was wrong She went to Mr. Sacks and had him trail me He found out about us The girl and me but He didn't tell my wife He said he wouldn't tell her if I paid him And so I did The girl went away but I still paid Mr. Sacks I understand Mr. Collins You do You really do Uh have you been home all evening Mr. Collins? Well he is Now I guess I'll just tell Herbie what you told me If you can't increase it you can't do it That radio over there looks like an old one Oh it is we've had that for years It's broken, haven't bothered to have it fixed You got a phonograph? That's an old one The kind of wine's not much good It's up in the attic stored away Well thanks Mr. Collins Thanks I mean for seeing me or letting me talk to you Well I don't understand it A man like you working for Herbie Sacks?  Yeah but she's awful busy waiting on tables Can I give her a message? No Uh I'll call later Okay I found Leon's bar downtown on Maine It was a cheap place but it was full of people Then I saw the girl waiting on the tables She was pretty But a prettiness that was cheap like the bar I walked over to an empty booth in the corner and sat down I waited Then she saw me and came over and stood beside me What do you have? Whiskey and water Whiskey and water, right Janice Come here man What is it? I want to talk to you Look I'm awful busy right now Herbie sent me I didn't get your name Drake, Paul Drake Herbie sent you? Yes, Herbie sent me For what? What does Herbie usually want? What kind of a hold-up is this? Twice in one week Herbie's an ugly man isn't he Janice?  No What are you? His collection agency? In a sense I'm also an advisor of his What do you mean? Sometimes I advise him about his clients Perhaps I could advise him about you What would you advise him? I think you're a pretty girl A very pretty girl Janice I'd advise him of that You shouldn't say things like that Why not? Because they're not true Yes they are What do you want from me mister? I'd like to take you home tonight Where you live That's all I want That's a lot I think you're pretty Janice I told you I get off in an hour You can take me home In an hour She got up from the table and walked across the room There was something strange about this girl Something I didn't understand But something I had to find out She stopped at the jukebox in the corner of the bar Next to the phone book And dropped a dime into the machine That's when I heard this song again Here's bringing you Mr. Robert Young in A murder of necessity Tonight's production in radio's outstanding theater of thrills Sells spends Oh I'll admit it's the best system going And it's always going when your car is, huh? The auto light electrical system that works every second your engine runs As well as when you blow your horn, light your lights or use your electric windshield wiper, Cigarette lighter, radio or heater And the auto light electrical system is used by the finest, Harlow Yes sir, Hap has original equipment on many leading makes of our finest cars, trucks and tractors And in the auto light electrical system every unit and component part Is related by auto light engineering design and manufacturing skill To give you the smoothest performance money can buy That's why it pays to keep your car running right Right you are, Hap So friends make it a point to see your car dealer or authorized auto light service station soon You can easily locate your nearest authorized auto light service station In the classified section of your telephone directory Under automobile electrical service Or you can call Western Union by number and ask for operator 25 She will gladly tell you his location And remember from bumper to tail light you're always right with auto light And now auto light brings back to our Hollywood sound stage Mr. Robert Young in Elliott Lewis' production of A Murder of Necessity A tale well calculated to keep you in Suspense Well Oh, nice music You like it? My favorite record I play it all the time You do? Uh-huh Well, should we go? I'll call a cab You don't have to Why not? Ride home in style It's only a couple of blocks from here We can walk Wouldn't you like to walk? All right Beautiful night Not a cloud in the sky I love fresh air What's your last name, Janice? I've got a lot of them Call me Janice Gibson Janice Gibson All right, Janice Gibson What kind of a girl are you, Janice? If you work for Herbie Sacks, you know all about me Not the details, pretty girl Why do you keep saying pretty girl? Because it's a statement of fact You are pretty, Janice I'm the kind of a girl that you read about in the confession magazines Only they make those stories up, they're fiction My story's not fiction, it's a real one I believe you Long time ago, a girl with big ideas came out of the sticks Landed in a big city And she met a man named Herbie Sacks She met him after she'd gone off a deep end She wanted thrills Those thrills ended her up in a straight jacket and a sanitarium They were the kind of thrills you don't write the family back home about But how does Herbie fit you? Herbie is a man with many ways and means And when the girl ended up in an addict, Herbie was the big brother He had a soft shoulder and he stretched out a helping hand After I was cured, he told me I had to pay him for his silence The silence that would keep the family back home from finding out about the thrilling things That happened to the girl from the sticks Are you? Yes Well over them That's good Why do you work for a man like him? Check it off to living Were you at the bar all night tonight? Ever since eight o'clock, why? Nothing I guess I'm making conversation because I don't want to talk to you anymore Look, mister, you can walk on the other side of the street I didn't ask you to- Oh, wait a minute, I didn't mean it that way, Janice Honest, believe me What I meant was I didn't want to talk because I suddenly feel like kissing you This is where I live The bug house Want to come up and meet the fleas? Courtesy of Herbie's sacks Janice, don't be bitter I got one room and a hot plate What am I supposed to do? Dance or dance? Because I can't afford anything better Look, I'll- I'll talk to Herbie I'm his advisor, remember? Maybe I'll advise him that changes mine If you thought you could- I'll try That much, I promise I'll advise him that you ought to have a nice apartment to live in And a stove Paul? Yes You want to come upstairs? I'll make you some coffee All right, that's something to take care of and it's late to- Maybe after- You won't come back Once you leave, I won't see you anymore You're that kind of guy I'll come back I won't see you again I know I won't Kiss me, Paul Paul Like you were going away for a long time Come upstairs Let me make you some coffee I'll be back Paul Janice, someday if you ever find out that this is all over Go back home to where there aren't thrilling things for a girl like you to do I don't know They'll never know Home is a long and far away memory I- I don't know Promise me On the kiss Maybe Maybe, Paul Maybe I took her in my arms and kissed her again Then she turned and disappeared through the door into the cheap boarding house And the black knight closed in on me again in the fear and fright returned Under the streetlight up at the corner I checked the last name on the phone pad Art LaFoum He's not at his place of business on Houston Avenue, the watchman tells me Mr. LaFoum is never at his place of business at 2.30 in the morning, he says with raised eyebrows Even though it is a novelty business, novel things are always happening So I wait until eight o'clock the following morning Near his novelty business I find a very shabby hotel and for two dollars the night clerk Tells me that I can have a bed with a clean sheet and a loud knock on my door when it's seven o'clock By five minutes after eight I'm standing in front of Mr. LaFoum's novelty business on the third floor My hand closed tightly around a piece of blue steel that means death for Mr. LaFoum I promise you, Major, when LaFoum makes a promise he keeps his word Okay kid, I'll see you Hello, brother Mr. LaFoum That's it, brother LaFoum Anything that's novel or new, see LaFoum Yeah, let me show you these small telescopes we just got in I made some a couple of years ago, but those were tame Hey, take a look at this one Look, go ahead, go ahead, you squint your eye You got a focus Herbie sent me Yeah, I was... What was that, brother? Herbie Sax Yeah? You mentioned the name Herbie Sax, what am I supposed to do? You know Herbie Who are you anyway? I work for Herbie Sax You made another statement, tell me how to react, brother Hey, look, Mr. Novelty man, I don't know how to convince you, but I'll get rough if I have to Okay, okay, take it easy, brother, take it easy That's an expensive shirt That's why I'm here Herbie doesn't like you buying such expensive shirts Who are you? I'm recently hired to make collections I've come to collect You know what?  I talked to him on the phone last night Why didn't he tell me, huh? You talked to Herbie on the phone last night? Yeah, brother, I talked to him What happened when you talked to Herbie? What do you mean, what happened? Who are you, brother? Nobody you'd be interested in Yeah, well maybe the cops are the investors Put it down Get your hands off of me Later, Mr. LaFoune Later we'll take care of some unfinished business When it's dark and no one will see me I got out of the building I had to before someone saw me Saw my face and would recognize it again But tonight when it's dark, I'll wait for you and follow you, Mr. LaFoune It was you on the phone, now I know Buy a paper and go home, lay low When I get home I open the paper and there it is On page two On the count of the death of Herbert J. Sachs, the private investigator Shot through the chest twice by an unknown assailant How soon would it be before Mr. LaFoune would tell the police the name of the unknown assailant Long enough Because LaFoune was the kind of man who'd wait for the killer to get in touch with him LaFoune was the kind of man who could be bribed And then while I tried to sweep Herbie's wife Yeah Hello Gretchen Did you read about Herbie and the papers this morning? Yeah, I read Gretchen I want to talk to you, Mark Talk? It's important Have the police been out to the house yet? No I was down for a few minutes at the morgue To identify the body That's all? I was on the other end of the phone, Mark Why didn't you answer me when I picked up the receiver? Have you thought them through? Wilson, talk to me Yes, Gretchen, I'll be out In a little while I'll wait for you It was Herbie's own wife Gretchen on the phone, sweet and lovable Gretchen And now the wife of the man I murdered waits to talk with me What about? The weather? No No, she waits to talk business Before the police arrive She waits to take up where the fat man left off Another murder of necessity Ring the doorbell, murderer Hello, Mark Come in I'm sorry, Gretchen Hey there, Gretchen Hi Hey there What are you saying? I couldn't stand him Everything he was, I hated He wouldn't let me go No, I don't believe you Last night I called him on the telephone Called him to tell him to come home Because... No, no When he got home, Mark I was going to kill him Operator Get me police headquarters I just committed a murder That wasn't necessary At all South Spence Presented by AutoLite, tonight's star, Mr. Robert Young This is Harlow Wilcox speaking for all of you AutoLite, world's largest independent manufacturer of automotive electrical equipment Our AutoLite family is made up of the nearly 30,000 men and women in 28 great AutoLite plants from coast to coast and in still other AutoLite plants in many foreign countries It also includes more than 18,000 people who have invested a portion of their savings in AutoLite as well as 96,000 AutoLite distributors and dealers in the United States and thousands more in Canada and throughout the world On April 1st, AutoLite will present the national television preview of the great parade of stars automobile show from the Grand Ballroom of New York's Waldorf Astoria Hotel This program may be seen at the regular AutoLite suspense television time on April 1st or a few days later in some television areas Don't miss this great program And remember to be with us next week for another thrilling AutoLite suspense show on radio Next week, our star will be Miss Deborah Carr as a girl who chose a most dangerous way of making a living and bet her life on its success A story true except for changes in names and places which we call the Colonel's Lady Presented on Suspense is produced and directed by Elliott Lewis with music composed by Lucian Morrowick and conducted by Lud Gluskin A Murder of Necessity was written for suspense by Richard George Padaccini Featured to tonight's cast were Paula Winslow Charlotte Lawrence Joe Gilbert Howard McNeer Lou Merrill and Joseph Kearns Robert Young, star of Father Knows Best appeared through the courtesy of the Crosley Corporation And remember next week on suspense Miss Deborah Carr in The Colonel's Lady This is the CBS Radio Network


Good afternoon. I'm Jay Fidel. This is ThinkTech. And, in fact, it's the history lens with John David and of HPU, history professor there. And I'm honored to have him on the show. Thank you so much, John, for coming on. Thanks for having me, Jay. Today's discussion, which is really provocative to me, is Trump tariff on history lens. And the question is, will the Trump tariffs lead to war? And by that, we don't just mean a trade war. Wow. Right, right. Exciting. So how would you approach this question? Where do you start? You start historically, John? Yeah, well, first of all, I think we should start with the Trump tariffs themselves. And so it's a 25% tariff on aluminum, 10% tariff on aluminum. The other way. 25 on steel, 10% on aluminum. So on the face of it, that doesn't look too serious. But when you look at the history of tariffs, the Smoot-Hawley tariffs were really, it was like an extra, I think, 20% to 30% on products. But tariff rates were already very high. And there, we can see the history of tariffs. And you can see the... Very valuable. I mean, it's a very complex history. We're just going to do kind of a quick tour through this history. But you can see the tariff of abominations of 1828. We're going to cover that one. And then the Smoot-Hawley tariff in 1930. And then you can see in the period after World War II that tariffs really declined dramatically because the United States embarks upon internationalization of the economy. And the GATT tariff regime is set in place where countries negotiate tariffs at this organization. WTO was the extension of that. Enlightenment. Well, kind of, yes. I mean, it's an international economy. It's international capitalism. So international negotiation of tariffs simply makes sense. But does anything make sense in this environment? So on the face of it, these tariffs don't look that bad. But what will happen, of course, is retaliation. The European Union is going to retaliate. They've made it very clear they're going to retaliate unless they get an exemption. But in a theoretical way, from the beginning of, say, the country, how do tariffs work? They're a barrier. May I use the term wall? They're a wall. They require anybody importing goods from other countries to pay, sometimes prohibitively hide, taxes, essentially, on the importation of goods. They have an economic effect. And they have a diplomatic effect. Yes. Relations between nations. That's correct. Yes.  And it's a way of, well, the idea is, Trump's idea is to protect these industries, to protect especially the steel industry, and to try to regrow the American steel industry, which has been decimated over the last, since really, since the 1950s and 60s. What's interesting is that the chart you showed us, the first chart, is so interesting, because it's hard to, you tell me, but it seems to me hard to connect all those jumps that President or Congress made through the years of our history with legitimate factors that actually call for the tariffs. Yeah. It sounds like it's sort of, you know, I'm mad. I'm angry that other countries, since I'm going to punish them. It's sort of a punishment quotient. Yeah. It's honestly, I think, in the history of tariffs, what you have most often is tariffs as protection, not tariffs as punishment. So it's really not, I mean, the tariffs in the 19th century are really not about punishing any particular country. They're really about protecting American producers. And so I think that's what's going on here as well. Trump sees reelection, okay, the day after he was elected, he filed papers to run again and be reelected to a second term. So he's had, I mean, so this is domestic politics for Trump. And apparently, domestic politics resulting in tariffs that have international effect. Right. That's right. But Dan B, the international implications of the tariffs, it seems as though the Trump administration is taking that approach, even though there are many Republicans who say, no, this is a very bad idea. And economists universally say that, look, these tariffs, they might help, you know, there's what, 144,000 workers in the steel industry. You might add a few jobs to steel industry, but the industries that buy steel from other countries, those industries are going to see prices go up. And they're going to eliminate people. So on balance, the tariff will actually be a job killer, not a job creator like Trump is trumpeting it. Right. And the ones that continue to buy by paying the tariff, they're going to pass that additional expense off to the consumer and the economy in general. So we will wind up paying the tariff that he imposes. It's generally considered to be a drag on the economy. And that's part of why economists do not like it at all. No. Yeah. And in Smoot-Hawley, there was a statement historically for the proposition that it exacerbated the Great Depression. Yeah. Would you comment on that? Well, so how about we come to Smoot-Hawley a little later and let's go back to the beginning of tariffs. So interesting that there were actually a form of tariffs during the revolutionary period. The British had established, more than a tariff, actually, there were prohibited goods in terms of what could be produced within the colonies. So the American colonies had to import those goods that they were prohibited by the British Empire from producing. And this, of course, caused great damage to the American colonies, seemed to be very unfair. And so this is not a widespread or a common argument. There's a few historians who have argued that actually the American Revolution was partly to produce American industrialization and get out from under these terrible trade policies that the British had towards the colonies. I mean, I think that's a stretch. But you certainly can make the argument that the trade policies were damaging to the American economy, and Americans knew this. They understood this. Why am I thinking of the Tea Party in Boston Harbor? Right. Well, that's right. I mean, that's one of the issues, of course, is that there was an importation tax on tea. It was essentially a tariff on tea that was being imported into the American colonies. Now, the British themselves did not pay this tax. Yes, the American colonies did, because the British government wanted the American colonies to pay. They were still trying to get them to pay off for the Seven Years War, which would happen in the 1850s. So they're trying to apply all of these different taxes to the American colonies, and that's what happens with the tea, and look what happened there. It didn't work out very well for the British, so tariffs, historically, have been a very rough go if we look at the history in the 19th century. So after the United States becomes a nation, then immediately they put on tariffs. And tariffs are essentially the only form of consistent revenue for the new nation. There's no taxation, and they have debts to pay off. So the tariffs actually are effective in that way in producing revenue for the nation. And these tariffs stay in place until 1828, when you have the Whig Party in power, which is, I suppose, is a little bit like the Republican Party today. It's a kind of pro-growth and pro-economic development party. The Whig Party decides in 1828 to put on tariffs, to increase tariffs. And these tariffs become known as the tariffs of abominations, because they're deeply opposed by Southerners, especially Southern plantation owners, because Southern plantation owners, they don't produce a domestic crop. Their crop, the cotton crop, mainly goes to England. So it's not like they're being protected by any tariffs in this case. There's not an importation of cotton that would compete with the cotton that they're producing. But they have to pay more for tools that are produced elsewhere, shovels, basic kinds of tools that are used on the plantation that were being built in England. And so while the Northern Whigs like this policy, Southern plantation owners did not like this policy at all, especially in South Carolina, which was a hotbed of political radicalism already, where you had John C. Calhoun, who argued that the union is actually voluntary. And so what you end up with in South Carolina is threats of secession over the tariffs. The South Carolina legislature takes up a bill to secede. They never pass the bill, but they do pass what's called a nullification of the tariffs, saying that the federal government has no right to impose tariffs upon South Carolina. And South Carolina will... Yeah, we have a graphic on there. And so this is actually, as it plays out in those four years between 1828 and 1832, then you have this explosion taking place because of nullification, because it looks like South Carolina is, and in fact they are, denying the sovereignty of the federal government. And so this becomes a major challenge for President Andrew Jackson. You know what that sounds like? It sounds like the states, including especially California, who do not want to enforce the immigration laws coming out of Washington these days. And that case is pending in San Francisco. Yeah, yeah. Right now the federal government is sued. Well, there is this question of state versus federal sovereignty. And so South Carolina is set with this nullification and then Jackson threatens them. Jackson actually says, I'm going to send in the National Army if you do not abide by this tariff. There's a, you know, there's a potential for a big confrontation, cooler heads step in and South Carolina agrees to accept a tariff. The tariff is lowered by about, I think, 10 to 15 percent, so that's worked out. But it's interesting that it's connected to a very serious issue of secession and questions about the legitimacy of the union. So even the word abomination has a strong emotional charge to it. I didn't like it at all. Absolutely, yeah. So the 1828-1832 tariffs are a significant moment in the history of tariffs in the United States. And so, you know, you can imagine that tariffs are going to cause conflict and disruption in the economy. And it's really the next time when we look at tariffs seriously in the history of tariffs is during the Great Depression. I mean, there are several changes in the tariffs since then. I mean, you can see in the original graph we put up, the lines go up and down and up and down. But the 19th century is a century of tariffs. They might go up, but they're still in place. Typically, they exceed 50 percent of, yeah, of, yeah. Specific goods. Specific, usually manufactured goods, eh? Absolutely. It was an attempt to protect manufacturers in that time period. So they're very high tariffs. And then you have some conflict over tariffs in the early 20th century of, during the Taft administration in 1911, the Taft administration supported raising the tariff, Republican, the interesting anecdote or note on the side here, Republicans favored tariffs, Democrats were opposed to tariffs, Democrats were the party of farmers in the 19th century, farmers didn't like tariffs because the stuff that they had to buy went up in price. The same for the Souths, why they didn't like the abomination. That's exactly right.  So the Taft administration passes tariffs. And the countries outraged at this, Roosevelt, Teddy Roosevelt, who was president, is outraged and decides to run against Taft in 1912, splits the Republican Party, Wilson wins, and lowers the tariff. So during World War I, the tariffs actually dropped pretty dramatically. So the Republicans take power in the 1920s again, raise the tariff, and then the stock market crashes in 1929. And the question is, what do you do? What do you do about tariffs? And the government, the Congress decides to pass a pretty severe tariff law. It's called the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Law, and if we can bring up Smoot and Hawley here, they're coming. Can you bring up the picture of Smoot and Hawley? There they are. So I think Smoot, Reed Smoot is on the left, and Willis Hawley is on the right. And these two guys conspired together to put together a tariff law, and it became known as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Law, and it was adopted on March 13th. That's today, John. That's right. The famous anniversary. Today's the anniversary of Smoot-Hawley. Remarkable. Yeah, really. So the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Law was it probably produced more economic pain. It's a bit complicated in 1930, 1931, 32 when the law comes into effect, because the stock market crashes, and the government raises interest rates, and so economic activity really comes to a standstill. Between 1929 and 1932, industrial production is cut in half. I think we should commemorate that standstill now. I think we should take a one-minute standstill in celebration of memorialization of what happened then. We'll be right back after this one-minute break. We're back, and the standstill is over. So tell us what happened with Smoot-Hawley and the Great Depression. Right, right. So the United States is already going into a depression by the time Smoot-Hawley is implemented. And so it's—one could argue that it damaged the economy. On the other hand, the economy was already deeply damaged by a lot of other factors. So not necessarily true that Smoot-Hawley drove the United States into a depression. The thing is, if industrial production plummets by 50%, which it did between 1929 and 1932, then there's not a whole lot left to protect. So obviously there's other— Smoot and Hawley think that they would be resurrecting manufacturing in this country. So when it went down in 1929 and 1930, then Smoot-Hawley was an attempt to revive it. Yeah, that's absolutely right. The purpose of Smoot-Hawley was to try to bring the economy back. It didn't do that. No, it didn't do that at all. I think it probably pushed the economy—pardon me—into deeper trouble. But again, it's debatable as to how much deeper Smoot-Hawley pushed it into. But the other thing that happens in the 1930s is that the United States and then other countries become very economically nationalistic. They become islands. And the truth is that if Smoot-Hawley does anything, I think it promotes the isolation of the United States and other economies—the European economies, the Japanese economy—at a moment where those economies are quite fragile. And in turn, what happens is you have right-wing dictators who come to power promising to rebuild those economies after the damage of reduced trade overall. So this is the other part of the 1930s that I think is really significant, is that trade plummets in the 1930s on a worldwide basis. And I have a slide on this, if we can bring that up. There you can see. So 1929, you're at almost an index of 3,000, and it plummets by two-thirds then. And this is worldwide trade. Not just the United States, but in Europe as well. So what is—well, what looked like it was becoming a period of intense globalization and was, in fact, in the 1920s, from 1870 to 1920, then turns around completely and economies become isolated, policies become isolated. Without the—I'll call it binding glue, the binding glue of trade, then former friends become enemies. The trade, by the way, between the United States and Japan is a highly successful trade. Before. Before, but Smoot-Hawley contributes to it. So this is an environment that's perfect for war. I think that's what we're looking at. That's the argument I would make. The economists say, you know, it didn't have as much effect on the depression itself as we have thought. But the economists don't address the question of, did Smoot-Hawley create conditions that led to war? And I think you could, with the rise of economic nationalism, certainly economic nationalism is one of the conditions that leads to war. And this is what concerns me about the current Trump tariff, is it could be the beginning of something in which you have retaliation, in which economies become more isolated, in which warfare is more of an option. Let me give you a contemporary example, fairly contemporary. So in 2012, Japan and China had a tete-a-tete. They had a skirmish about the Senkaku Islands, which are south of Japan, not really that close to China at all, but China has claimed these islands in the past. So there was this tension between Japan and China. And when you looked at the trade between the two countries in that time period, trade was booming between Japan and China. When this happened, there was a drop-off in trade. But what you saw was the drop-off was temporary. It was for a month or two after a particular incident or set of incidents. And then trade came back incredibly strong. Economic activity between the two countries came back incredibly strong. And today, Japan and China, they're in trade talks. You have Chinese tourists going to Japan in record numbers buying Japanese goods. So in economic terms, things have never been better between the two. And I think, in its impart, the reason why things healed up so fast from the political tensions is because of the trade. Sure. It brings people together. Trade brings people together. And let me add that to a certain extent, the same thing has happened with respect to Taiwan. There's a fair amount of trade and interaction between Taiwan and China. And that takes the edge off the argument they've otherwise had. Right. So does free trade prevent war? That's an interesting question. We don't have time to answer that question. But I think it's possible that it is a buffer against the potential of tensions declining to the point where warfare becomes a real problem. That makes a lot of sense, John. So I know I have friends who disagree with me, who believe in tariffs. But I really think tariffs could lead us down to warfare, down the path of warfare, as they did in the 1930s. So, yeah, so and what you find then is after World War II, with the rise of international trading systems, then the potential for warfare between countries that are very important and trade partners has been reduced. It's a globalism helps. That's right. It's more than just trade. It's the whole interaction between nations. OK, enter Trump. Right. Now things are different because he doesn't know what we're talking about, and he is doing these... Well, he might. He might be watching. I hope so. Listen, Donald. Listen. So now we have a guy who may not know exactly how any of this works, but he takes the step of a huge increase in steel, which is very important, and aluminum, which is also very important, and he uses it as a bargaining chip or something. So where is all that going and what is the effect of that economically, diplomatically, and historically? So what we've seen since the end of World War II is the rise of internationalism and trade, and the commitment, at least in the West and among American trading partners, to increasing levels of free trade. Of course, that wasn't true in Soviet Russia or in their satellites, which there was trade between those, but there wasn't trade with the West from the Soviet Union and its allies. But so you see this increasingly open and free trade, but Trump, I think, refers to this as globalism, this idea that free trade, that you should be open to the rest of the world. And this is something that he's been pretty clear that he doesn't like globalism. In fact... He's an isolationist. Yeah. He resigned during that cabinet meeting when it was announced that Gary Cohen was resigning. Trump referred to him as a globalist, disdainfully. So I think it's pretty clear that Trump is not a globalist. And it's interesting that in a time... Now, in the 1930s, when tariffs went up and when economies became nationalistic, of course, this was a time of great deprivation, I mean, unemployment of 25%, you know, trade dropping dramatically, industrial production dropping dramatically. So great time of great deprivation. The present is not the same. We're not in a time of great deprivation. So one would ask the question, does the country, does the majority of Americans actually support the idea of tariffs? And do we, in fact, need them? Well, I think, yeah, I think it's pretty clear from most economists that these tariffs will do some damage to the economy, to our economy. But so it's interesting to me that he might be completely... The Trump administration actually might be completely out of sync with what most Americans actually want. In fact, I think there's a very good chance of that. So the results, I'm not sure that if that's true, if Trump is really out of sync with the majority of Americans on the issue of tariffs, then it's quite possible that these tariffs will be pretty short-lived. Knock wood. Yeah, that a new administration will reverse these pretty quickly or cut them down, leave them in place, but leave them at a very low level. But meanwhile, after spending a year alienating our allies all over the world, he's further alienated them, including some very important allies with these tariffs. He's accepted some, which further aggravates the relation with others. Right, that's right. Yeah, so the winner-loser idea, that's totally in opposition to the rules of the World Trade Organization. And the other, there's something else here. And that's that with Trump wanting to negotiate bilateral trade deals, the Trump administration will have to go to the WTO to get exemptions on the trade rules that are in place for the globe. And if Trump gets exemptions for things that are, well, some of these are claimed to be national security exemptions, which is ridiculous, they're not national security exemptions. If he gets national security exemptions for things that are patently not national security, then the question is, what happens when the United States actually needs to use an exemption for national security purposes? Who actually limit trade for the purpose of national security. So he's moneyed the water- It's the boy who cried wolf. He's moneyed the water in terms of the World Trade Organization as well, and in terms of the function of the World Trade Organization. I suspect Donald Trump would like to see the WTO abandoned, dismantled. He hasn't said that, but I think if, you know- As well as all these other trade organizations around, these trade agreements around the world, he's abandoned them. So the question is, really, I mean, it's a very provocative thought, that what happened in the 30s created a more unfriendly world, a world that was more isolated, where countries were more detached, where economic barriers have been put up, which led to the kind of animosities that translated into war. Are we headed there now? Is this going to take us there? Well, the thing is, the economic nationalism was not the only thing that led to warfare, but if economic nationalism was a part of the road to war and chaos by the end of the 1930s, then I don't- the comparison of the 1930s is not perfect, because we're not in a great depression right now. We're actually in a very high economy right now, so- Suppose that changes. Well, if, okay, there you go. If it changed, if we had a crash, a bad crash, then it's quite possible that tariffs might look much more attractive, widespread tariffs, and attractive to other countries, widespread tariffs. Not only steel and aluminum. Right, but all kinds of- Not only the United States. All kinds of products, and then you have the development of isolated economies, then I think the chances of war do increase. Yeah, yeah, so I guess one of the pros and cons real quick, we were almost out of time, the pros and cons of changing these tariffs, of knocking off the tariffs that Trump put in force a couple of weeks ago. Well, again, I think tariffs are a bad idea. I mean, I have friends who will disagree with me, but I think tariffs are a bad idea because of what we were just talking about, because they can produce or even or exacerbate tensions between countries. And so I think getting rid of them is a pro, and keeping them as a con. How's that for a quick answer? Well, we have to revisit this whole issue because it's in play, John, as so many things are. And who knows what kind of bargaining chip it will turn into going forward. We live in a time when the news is immediate and it's every day, and the first 20 articles of every New York Times newspaper are about Trump, sadly. That's right. Thank you so much, John, David, on the HP of historian par excellence.


Hi friends, welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here. My name is Jen. I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and I'm on the WW or the Weight Watchers blue plan today. We're talking fast food about a year ago. I put out a fast food video where I gave you some examples of some WW friendly items that you can purchase at some national fast food chains. That was such a huge hit that I still get comments today on that video. I thought that it made sense to put out a part two where I did a little research into some additional fast food restaurants and I'm here today to share with you some WW friendly items at several fast food restaurants. So if you're excited for today's video, please give it a big, huge thumbs up and don't forget if you're new to my channel or you're not yet subscribed, hit the little subscribe button and of course the bell next to it. I'd absolutely love to have you and you'll be notified whenever a new video is uploaded. I will make sure to link the other fast food video that I did a year ago down in the description box for you so that when you walk away today, you have tons and tons of fast food, WW friendly ideas. Don't forget to check out the description box for my newly launched meal planner. It has been an absolute huge, huge hit. So thank you so much for everyone who's ordered. We are about sold out of the first batch. So definitely get your hands on one before they're gone. You'll also find my nutrition coaching where I offer personalized macro and calorie calculation. Whether you're on WW or not, it's really important to know your calorie and macro nutrient goals every day. So definitely take advantage of that as well as one-on-one coaching sessions in both 30 and 60 minute sessions. If you want a little bit more one-on-one help, you'll also find links and discount codes to my favorite things as well as my Facebook group, another community that would love to have you. So head on over and join us. So we have a lot of fast food restaurants to go over. We have lots of WW yummy food to go over. So let's jump in. It's for you eight where I'm going to share with you the best options when it comes to WW at these eight restaurants. First, we're going to start out with Sonic. Now I don't go to Sonic very often. We actually have one fairly close to our house. I just don't find myself gravitating there. But after going through the app and seeing what some good options are, I may have to make a Sonic run. First, let's talk about beverages and the WW staple. And that is the Diet Cherry Limeade. You can pick this up in the large size for only one smart point. I've seen all over YouTube and TikTok hacks on how to make this at home. So this seems to be a very popular item in the WW community. It is going on my list of things to try as far as food items go. The best option is the three piece crispy chicken tenders for only six smart points. So essentially two smart points per tender is a really good deal. You can also pick up an order of the mini tots for only three smart points. So between the chicken tenders and the tots, you have a nine smart point lunch. Some other options are the corn dog for eight smart points, as well as the Sonic Junior burger for 10 smart points. Not bad for a hamburger. I forgot to mention that all of the items that I'm going to be sharing with you in today's video are 10 points or under. The next fast food restaurant we're going to swing through is Carl's Junior. This is also known as Hardys, I believe, in other areas across the United States. Their char broiled barbecue chicken sandwich is only nine smart points, and that includes the barbecue sauce. So that's actually an excellent deal when it comes to a barbecue chicken sandwich. You can also pick up their three piece hand breaded chicken tenders for six smart points. So again, two smart points per chicken tender. A small fry is nine smart points and a Junior kids hamburger is also nine smart points. So depending on if you're wanting a hamburger, maybe some french fries, you can still pick it up from Carl's Junior for under 10 smart points. And lastly, the best option on their menu is the char broiled chicken salad for only four smart points. I don't know what comes on this salad, but the four points is the salad ordered right off of the menu. So if you want to order the salad, it still leaves you room for some of the other WW friendly things at Carl's Junior. Next up is raising canes. Now, we don't have this in my area, but when I was in San Diego, I did eat here and it was absolutely delicious. So I thought about it and I wanted to hop on and see if there was anything WW friendly under 10 smart points. The raising cane chicken fingers, which is what they're known for, are three smart points each. So depending on how many you choose, just remember that there are three points apiece in order accordingly. You also can get a couple of side items with your chicken fingers, such as the Texas toast for five smart points or in order of their coleslaw for only three smart points. So you can definitely eat it raising canes, order the number of chicken tenders that fits into your day and a side dish of your choice, whether that be the Texas toast, the coleslaw or both. Our next stop is actually taco time. Now, this is a restaurant in my area that I frequent a lot. I wasn't sure that they had anything honestly that was WW friendly because I feel like a lot of their items are very high fat, high calorie, but I was pleasantly surprised that they have a ton of items under 10 smart points. First is their chicken taco salad. This is only seven smart points. And again, this is ordered right off of the menu. No modifications. Their chicken soft taco is nine smart points. Now, the one thing I like about taco time, even though it seems like nine smart points is a lot, their soft tacos are really good size. I would say that they're at least double the size of a taco that you can get from Taco Bell. So even though they're higher in points, you're getting a lot more volume for those smart points. A beef crisp taco is eight smart points or you can pick up a chicken street taco for only four smart points. So these are definitely smaller as street tacos are, but they're only four smart points. So you can actually work a couple of these into your day. The soft pinto burrito is nine smart points. You have to remember that fast food restaurants don't use fat free fried beans.  So a yummy delicious bean burrito, generally including cheese and sauce is nine smart points. A couple of side item options are a small Mexi fry for seven points or their side of Mexi rice is only two smart points. So you can have a taco or a taco salad and a side of rice for less than 10 points at taco time. Next up is Chipotle. Now we actually have one in my town, but I've never been there. I have eaten at Chipotle in the past, but I was very, very pleasantly surprised at how many great WW friendly options they have. So your best option at Chipotle is to build your own bowl. That way you can control what's going into the bowl, the amount and the points. Whether you choose the chicken or the steak, they are both three smart points per serving. You could even mix the two for six smart points for your protein. Add in either black beans or pinto beans for one smart point per serving. I'm guessing the one point comes from what's added to the beans, whether that be an oil or a sauce. The cilantro lime rice is six smart points per serving, which is not bad. If you used that in place of the beans, you could add the rice, your protein and some toppings. You can also ask for a half of a serving of the rice, making it only three smart points at a big cheesy, delicious scoop of queso for five points or top it with salsa for zero. If you want a little carb with your bowl other than the rice, the kids order of the tortilla chips is only four smart points. I love to dip my tortilla chips in my bowl for that added crunch. You can also order three of the chipotle flour tortillas for seven smart points. Again, if you want to make a mock shift burrito or soft taco with the components of your bowl, three tortillas is only seven smart points. You can also top your bowl with things like sour cream and guacamole that range anywhere from one to three smart points. So you can make a huge burrito bowl with chips or tortillas for under 10 points. The next fast food restaurant is Arby's. I love Arby's. I really love Arby's. I also assumed Arby's was not a WW friendly place, but I was again, pleasantly surprised with how many options Arby's has that can fit into our WW points. There are three of the Arby's sliders that are excellent choices. First is the turkey and cheese slider for five smart points. The roast beef slider for seven smart points. Or if you're feeling spicy, the buffalo chicken slider for eight smart points. Who doesn't love Arby's french fries? They're my absolute, absolute favorite. The snack size Arby fry is eight smart points. If you wanted to add fries to your meal, the roast turkey chopped farmhouse salad is the best option on the Arby's menu. That comes in at only six smart points as ordered off of the menu. So this would mean toppings and dressing included. The turkey classic sandwich is also six smart points. So if you weren't in the mood for a salad, you can pick up this sandwich for six points. Another thing of course Arby's is known for is their roast beef, but a lot of their Arby's roast beef sandwiches were really high in points. However, you can pick up the junior roast beef Arby's original sandwich for six smart points. And lastly, in order of their chicken tenders also rings in at six points. So depending on what you're in the mood for, luckily Arby's menu has a variety of items that are WW friendly. Now let's talk about Starbucks. Now Starbucks just isn't for coffee. All of the items that I'm going to share with you from Starbucks are food items that fall under 10 smart points. And believe it or not, we have quite the list. Number one is their reduced turkey, bacon and egg white breakfast sandwich. This is one of my favorites. However, I find that this doesn't keep me full for very long, but it's absolutely incredibly delicious and it's six smart points. My favorite is their spinach, feta and egg white wrap. I find that this keeps me much more full and satisfied for much longer for seven smart points. This is also vegetarian, which is exciting for all of my vegetarian friends. And it is incredible. It's huge and it's absolutely filling and delicious. The egg white and red pepper egg bites are only five smart points. My big thing with the egg bites is they're small and they're expensive. But if you want something for lower points, it's only five for these particular egg bites. The bacon and Gruair, if I'm pronouncing that right, egg bites are nine smart points. They still fall under 10 if you're looking for something a little bit more hearty. And the last egg bite option are the ham, cheddar and pepper egg bites. And these come in at seven smart points. And again, I think these would be a little bit more hearty as well, because you have the cheese and the protein. The Starbucks oatmeal cup with no toppings is five smart points. You can certainly add in the toppings, but if you want just a quick, easy, low point breakfast, the plain oatmeal is five points. I also have three sweet things to share with you. You guys know I love my sweets. I love pastries, cookies, cake. So I was excited to see that Starbucks actually had three options under 10 points. First is their cheese Danish for only nine smart points. I say only but for a Danish slash doughnut, that's pretty darn good. You can also pick up any of their flavor of cake pops for eight smart points. Or if you just want a little something sweet, a petite vanilla scone is only five smart points. Now I say petite, meaning they're small. But again, if you just want a little sweet treat with your cup of coffee, that's a great option for five points. And while we're talking sweets, our last fast food restaurant is Krispy Kreme Donuts. You heard me right. Donuts that are under 10 smart points. Krispy Kreme actually has five donut options under 10 points. So the next time someone wants to make a donut run, don't feel like you can't order a donut for yourself. The Krispy Kreme Original Glazed Donut is eight smart points. Now, I know, I know it's hard to only eat one donut, but everything in moderation. Maybe you could pair your donut with some zero point other items like eggs for breakfast or maybe some fruit, but the original glaze is eight points. If you need a little chocolate in your life, the chocolate glazed donut is nine smart points. Also for nine smart points of the Cinnamon Twist Donut, this one is so delicious. And this is actually a pretty good size donut for nine smart points. The Glazed Crueler, I don't know if I pronounced that right. I'll put it here on the screen is 10 smart points. So this is a little bit more points, but I believe this is that twisty donut. Again, pretty good size, lots of yummy sweet glaze for 10 points. And last but not least from Krispy Kreme, maybe you just are feeling a good donut hole. Four of the Krispy Kreme donut holes are eight smart points. So essentially two points per donut hole. So if someone in your family picks up the donut holes, you know that you can have one donut hole for two points or four for eight smart points. So there are eight more fast food restaurants with lots of options under 10 WW points. I hope this helps you the next time you find yourself in a fast food restaurant, I will make sure that I type out everything down in the description box for you so that you can screenshot that or copy and paste and print that to take with you in the car so that you can make a good choice the next time you're at a fast food restaurant. If you enjoyed today's video, please give it a big huge thumbs up. It lets me know that you like these types of videos and maybe just maybe there'll be a part three to this WW fast food video series. And don't forget if you're new or you're not yet subscribed, of course, I'd love to have you hit the subscribe button and the bell next to it so you don't miss a single video. Don't forget about the description box with the meal planner, nutrition, coaching, links and discount codes to my favorite things, all of the items I shared with you today and my Facebook group, another community that would love to have you. Thank you so much for hanging out with me today. And again, I hope that this really, really helps you and I'll see you all in the next video. Bye friends.


All right, I will still have more conversation concerning the impact of the Naira crunch and of course the economy or economic activities on the elections, but we'll go straight now to River State. Now we have standing by Naku Birabi, House of Rebs candidate, a court party in River State who was disenfranchised due to lack of House of Rebs ballot papers. Thank you for joining us. Thank you very much. All right. All right. Yes, we can hear you loud and clear. Tell us exactly what happened at your ward. Well, both local governments actually, there was a litany of election irregularities this morning when we, when the people of Kanago-Kanago federal constituency turned up to vote. We can actually say that their mandate has been stolen from them, partly based on, I would like to think, in competence rather than culpability. First of all, the materials turned up late. I'm sure that's a power for the cause around the country. It's a new system. INEC is getting used to, you know, we are all getting used to this new system. However, there were significant parts of the process that were in direct contravention with what INEC had stipulated. There were units in certain wards across the local governments where results sheets weren't delivered to the polling units. There were certain units that didn't have ballot papers for some candidates for the Senate race and the House of Representatives race. There were units where there were no materials at all, telling them, obviously, there were beva's failures as well. So it truncated the process in a way that wasn't the positive for this new electoral, you know, dispensation that we are trying to achieve in Nigeria. We were all assured that this was a process that would increase the efficacy of our voting. It would assure us of the veracity of the vote in terms of numbers of people accredited matching ballot papers. However, I can say, categorically, that that was not the case, particularly in the local government, where results were taken from the units before the unit results were even announced and uploaded. And they were taken to somewhere else that was in the coalition center. And there's evidence, I do have evidence, of people rewriting the results. Okay, so far, with all that you have said so far and all the irregularities, how far have you gone escalating it to the electoral long path? Well, the initial reports were lodged with the EOs, well, at least the EO in one of the local governments, Kana Luka government. I went personally and lodged that myself. I mean, there were units, there were the whole wards in Kana, at least the ward in Kana Luka government, where the electoral materials were sent to the wrong destination. And there was nothing done to reverse that. And as a result, voting did not happen in the whole ward, Banga Ward 7. So there were all sorts of issues around that. There were no results sheets for all the polling units in a ward 6 in Kana Luka government. So throughout the day, I had recorded all these irregularities. And then at some point during the day, submitted a formal request for investigation and resolution to the EO at Kana Luka government. On the Gokana side, none of this came to light until voting was done. And the results were hijacked from the polling units and delivered to a different destination, a different location, not the Collation Center. So I'm just wondering what exactly they are going to post as the results for these units and these wards, when we all know, everyone knows that results were not declared at the polling unit as they should have been. And the results were uploaded on the Bevers machine as they should have been at the polling units. All right, aside from this particular irregularity that you have mentioned, over state and of course local government and wards, we have had reports of un-pocket of violence and late-time arrival of materials at some polling unit. Would you say it was the same situation in your area? Well, voting in Gokana was fairly free and fair. I think it was relatively free and fair. I think that there was broad agreement that any nefarious activity couldn't really take place during the actual voting process. And it would have been difficult for them to achieve that in Gokana because of the method of voting in Gokana, it's quite unique. But it was very easy for them to wait for the votes to be cast and then just make a way with the mandate of the people. In Gokana local government, there were reports of sporadic shooting in certain parts of the local government, World 3, Yoku. There was shooting there and they made off with the items. There were pockets of violence right across and threats of violence right across the Constitution. I don't know about the state because I was concentrating on my Constitution. So yes, there was violence, perhaps not as much as it used to be in the past. But I can say that there was definitely intimidation across the board. All right, thanks for the update that you've given us. We'll follow that particular development and see how I-NEC responds towards that. We have been speaking with Nakobirabi, a court candidate for the House of Representatives in River State, Gokana, to be precise. Thanks for joining us. Thank you. All right, there's still ballots 2023 and we still have our guests. We've been looking at the economic impact on elections in Nigeria. But we'll take a quick break and we'll come back and we'll have some more discussions while you stay with us.