There's a lot of excitement in the Bemidji girls hockey team this year, which might come a surprise based on their lack of recent success, but a new head coach in Hockey Day, Minnesota to look forward to has the team confident that they can turn things around. Joining a team that had lost 21 games each of the past two years, head coach Mike Johnson didn't know what to expect, but when he saw his team for the first time, he was pleasantly surprised. There's a tremendous amount of skill and camaraderie and they work together well and it was a bit of a surprise to see that. Johnson coached high school girls hockey in Wisconsin for eight years previously and the team says that his familiarity with the game has its benefits. He's coached girls prior to now and he understands he's showing us some new techniques. We're enjoying our practices a little bit more this year and just us enjoying it has really helped us perform on ice during games. The team has only scored four goals in their first four games, but Johnson feels that the team's strengths on defense will lead to more scoring opportunities. That's our whole strategy, we play good, tough team defense, we try to generate some scoring opportunities by some speed through the neutral zone and then maybe a good solid four check. Our breakouts have gotten a lot better, which creates offense chances down on the other end, which is nice, gives the goal is a break back there. We'll get better at creating scoring opportunities that will just come to us eventually. By far, the highlight of the season will be Hockey Day in Minnesota, as the team will host Woodbury on Thursday night of the weekend's events. We're all really excited for like a big stage, I mean we've had a hard time getting to stay through our playoffs, but this is like this is like our feeling of our state kind of. It's been very exciting, people are pushing through wanting to have a win in Hockey Day in Minnesota. So I think Hockey Day and knowing that we are going to be participating in it is really a motivation for this year. The schedule doesn't get any easier, another tough test approaches they had to warroad on Tuesday. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


The endothelium is the inner lining of our blood vessels. Late end to end, the endothelial cells from a single human would wrap more than four times around the world. And it's not just like an inert layer, it's highly metabolically active. I've talked about how sensitive our endothelium is to oxidation and inflammation. If we don't take care of it, endothelial dysfunction may set us up for heart disease or a stroke. Are we ready to heed our endothelium's early warning signal? Well, if it's all about oxidation and inflammation, then fruits and vegetables should help, and indeed they do. Each daily serving of fruits and vegetables was associated with a 6% improvement in endothelial function. Now, these fruit and vegetable-associated improvements in endothelial function are in contrast with several negative vitamin C pill studies that failed to show a benefit. It can be concluded that the positive findings in the fruit and vegetable study is not just because of any one nutrient in fruits and veggies. Rather than searching for the single magic bullet micronutrient, a more practical approach is likely to consider whole foods. Thus, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is likely to have numerous beneficial effects due to synergistic effects of all the wonderful things in plants. Exercise helps too, but what type of exercise helps best? Patients who are randomized into four groups, aerobic exercise, cycling for an hour a day, resistance training using weights and elastic bands, both or neither. The aerobic group kicked butt.  Note that your endothelium doesn't care if you're on a bike or lifting weights, as long as you're getting physical activity and getting regular activity. If you stop exercising, your endothelial function plummets. Antioxidant pills didn't work, both about anti-inflammatory pills. Drug companies aren't going to give up that easy. After all, there's only so much you can make selling salad. For those who prefer plants to pills, one of the most anti-inflammatory foods is the spiced turmeric. Researchers in Japan recently compared the endothelial benefits of exercise to that of curcuma, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry powder. About a teaspoon of day's worth of turmeric for eight weeks compared to 30 to 60 minutes of aerobic exercise a day. Which group improved their endothelial function more? The group that did neither experienced no benefit, but the exercise group significantly boosted their endothelial function, and so did the curcumin group. The magnitude of the improvement achieved by curcumin treatment was comparable to that obtained with exercise. Therefore, regular ingestion of curcumin could be a preventive measure against cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, their results suggested that curcumin may be a potential alternative treatment for patients who are unable to exercise. But ideally, we do both. In this study, they looked at central arterial hemodynamics. Basically, if our endothelium is impaired, our arteries stiffen, making it harder for our heart to pump. But, compared to placebo, we can drop that pressure down with turmeric, curcumin, or exercise. But if you combine both, then you really start rocking and rolling. They conclude that these findings suggest a regular endurance exercise combined with daily curcumin ingestion may reduce the pressure against which your heart has to fight to a greater extent than one or the other. So, healthy eating and exertion for our endothelium.


A lot of people when switching diets claim they can't stick on them or it's hard because they get bored. Is that really true? Hey there and Jay root 22.com here with a low-carb keto carnivore chat and today It's about the complaints people Utter out when they switch to something a limited diet that says they get bored now in the carnivore diet specifically Or even the low carb diet, but they get bored because they can't have the foods and they're there that they used to have and All the sudden a thousand items become like ten or twenty items They get bored and we feel that's kind of a cop-out in a way I think they just miss miss the old foods, but maybe less missing them and more craving them It was some sort of like a addiction that they cut off They're craving what they they used to eat and you know with all these health healthy alternatives now. They say they're bored I'm bored. I'm bored and I'll tell you it's really not easy for the first few weeks Especially if you've never done it before and have no experience to get over the obsession with your previous foods and the Crunchy textures and the yummy carbs and and all this stuff is happening up here. It's really not really bored at all I'll tell you this once you've Broken that barrier and or crack the code as they say and you settle into your carnivore low carb life There's absolutely no boredom at all and I'll tell you why there's no boredom with eating meat because it goes from the entertainment and pleasure and to just basically Feeding yourself fuel for your for your body You never really think about food when we we just eat meat You never really think about food You don't even really get hungry ever and and when you do it's a very slow Gradual building up of the hunger and you eat your meat. Hopefully you have meat on hand I think another reason people claim they get bored is because they're taking photos and they're constantly blogging or vlogging or Social mediaing about their food and I guess if they you know have the same thing again They can't post something and they they become like anxious. I really don't know it is Liberating and you know to finally have cracked the code to where we're not thinking about food at all and in the rare Instance where we do get a craving, you know, it's we're humans. Sometimes we we get hungry We go for some leftovers that we typically have in the fridge low carb bacon leftover meat There's not too many snacks that we keep around. I mean I used to do macadamias, but I prefer just having my leftover cooked food So that's it.  You will get over it So that's it you like this video hit the like and subscribe and all that other nonsense and I'll see you next time


What's good YouTube?  Today I want to get you thinking, get your mind working and maybe the topic today will motivate you to do something different in your life. To make a change in it because you can flip that. You can flip everything around today and make a difference and truly be happy about your life and feel good about yourself and really go after your passion.  Go after what you truly want other than what you don't want but your excuse is I'm only doing this because I have to. That's no way to live. The most valuable thing in this world is time and your life is based on time because it's only a matter of time before your time is up. So if time is the most valuable thing because when we go to work we get paid for our time. When you in a relationship and things aren't going right the first thing you want to say is, you feel me? So what I'm trying to say is what are you doing with your time?  How are you using your time? Is you taking your time for granted? And if you're working at a job that you hate, nine times out of ten you don't care about time. Your time is valuable. It's important. It's important man. You only have one life to live. Only one. Why not live your life the way you want to live? You only get one shot at this.   My dream as a child was that I wanted to be a janitor. I wanted to be an astronaut. I'm just using that as an example. But if you want to be an astronaut what are you doing today that's going to make that dream become a reality. Your reality. I think people give up on a dream and we give ourselves excuses while we stop chasing our dream. Like, oh man I got kids, man I ain't got time.  And I don't understand that and we only got one life to live. So why not bend the rules, not follow the rules and do things different and try new things other than live the rest of your life being a zombie or everything being in a routine. We make routines in our life.  I'm going to turn my car on so I can warm it up, grab my bags, get in the car and go to work, smile at people I hate, wave at them, finish my work, get off, go pick up kids, come back, you do the same thing every day on the same time around the clock and it's a routine that would be okay if you was doing something you love but nine times out of ten it's 90% of us that's out living a life that we hate when we dream of a life that we want.  Let me just tell you what I want to be.  I want to be a living legend in music. I want to be an all-around artist. When you think of artists or true artists, I want people to think of me and that's what I want to be and me knowing I only have one chance at this one life to make that come true. I'm only doing whatever I have to do to make that become my reality. If I have to work at the dollar store to buy paint or if I have to get two jobs to pay for studio time, I'm doing that. I feel if we had more people going after my career and we had more people in this world going after what they truly want to do in life, I feel the world would be so amazing to be in because we have more people that's not successful than we have people that are successful and I feel that God gave everyone a gift. But the only difference is some people have enough confidence in their self to find their gift and make it where we can see what they've been blessed with. But a lot of people who don't have that same amount of confidence in themselves have a gift that they are shy or subconscious about to even attempt to show it to the world. And I feel like if we have more people to have that mindset of like I'm going to make my dreams come true, I'm going to more people that was just hungry and wanted to do whatever they had to do to make the impossible possible. I might be touching on this topic a little more because I feel that I haven't covered everything I wanted to cover in this. But as of now, I hope it at least got you thinking or somewhat motivated to really go after whatever you want to do in life, man. Thank y'all for tuning in. This is your boy Chew World. You know what I'm saying? Go ahead and hit that like, leave a comment, subscribe. I will have more stuff coming soon. Love y'all. I'm out.


A very good evening to you and thanks for joining us this evening on the news now. My name is Loretta Chiorgo. We begin with this report that says President Bolatengu has signed the student loan bill into law. This would provide for interest-free loans to incident Nigerian students. This is in line with his campaign promise to ensure greater access to higher education in the country. By all, the student loan bill was sponsored by the former speaker of the House of Representatives, Femi Bajabiamila, in 2019.


So we were talking about what happens to the Bunsen burner at the tip because what we found about the flame stabilization was largely speaking we are now talking about like the shoulder of the flame where you have the normal component of the flow velocity tries to balance the flame speed that is normal to the flame itself and therefore the flame shapes itself corresponding to that but that is true for most of the shoulder of the flame but if you now think about what happens to the tip no matter what the flame speed flow velocity balance is the tip also always has to actually propagate against the flow directly right so which means no matter what the flow speed is and how the flame speed is able to balance that the tip always has to adjust itself to match the flow speed to the extent it can right so question is how does that happen right so what we find is we now have to think about think about a locally highly curved flame there and then see what happens when you now have a flame that is so curved out there and therefore what we want to do is think about flame curvature and also another aspect of it that we need to worry about call the flow divergence effect in the context of a small perturbation to a plain flame so if you now begin to think about a nominally plain flame that is propagating against a propagating with a flame velocity SL superscript not all right which means in a flame fixed coordinate system you have your reactance unburnt reactance coming in into the flame at SL superscript not then let us now think about what happens when you now perturb the flame about this point okay and this particular picture here shows couple of things one is you have one part of the flame that is curved convex against the incoming flow and the other part of the flame is curved concave relative to the incoming flow we need to think about what happens to these two parts separately but we should probably come to the same conclusion either way so typically in the classroom if you explain what is happening to the concave convex part in the exam you can you can expect a question of what happens the concave part right so so you should be able to think about this just as well what we want to talk about here is actually two process to say two different kinds of processes that are that that come about when you have this kind of curvature one is a thermal so one is a thermal diffusive imbalance or balance or imbalance depending upon what really happens so one of the things that happens is when you now have a flame that is curved let us now take the concave part this is a little bit more intuitive and it is also kind of like what is happening in the Bunsen flame tip so that this is pretty instructive when you are now thinking about a curvature which is now beginning to be of the order of not exactly equal to but of the order of which means still a little greater than the flame thickness now so keep in mind what is meant by flame thickness the flame thickness includes the preheat zone and the reaction zone and the preheat zone is where the upstream heat conduction and downstream species diffusion happens along with convection superposed on for both the species mass as well as the enthalpy what we are now beginning to see is if you now have a curvature like this then beyond what is being heated up well for the cold reactants you now have a focused effect of heating the reactants so this conduction now becomes multidimensional the heat conduction becomes multidimensional and therefore you are now actually heating the reactants significantly more than if the flame were planar this should actually give rise to a tendency for the flame speed to increase all right now on the other hand look at what is happening to the species diffusion the species diffusion now is going to actually go radially outward so typically when you are looking at something like a fuel lean flame for example then the the deficient species is deficient reactant is fuel in a fuel lean situation and when you are now trying to have this speed that so that it is more critical to think about the deficient reactant so the deficient reactant now spreads thinner across in a radially outward manner so instead of actually feeding a planar flame straight it is actually spreading itself thin that means the flame is running out of the deficient reactant more than in the case of a planar flame if you have a concave curvature relative to the upstream right so this has a tendency to decrease the flame speed all right so you now have a possible balance between these two these two effects that will tell you whether the curvature is going to stay or grow or decay so when you now have to think about a balance between heat conduction and species diffusion what comes to our minds it is a Lewis number right so we have to think about what the Lewis number is and depending upon what the Lewis number is okay so if you now have a Lewis number that is greater than one right so if you now have a Lewis number that is greater than one that means the heat conduction upstream right is more than the mass diffusion downstream right that means the species depletion effect is not going to be as significant as the the focus sheet conduction which means that the flame is actually going to propagate more vigorously or there is going to be a net effect of increase in the flame speed all right so if you now think about what is happening at the tip of the flame for a greater than unity Lewis number right we expect a more intense burning at increased flame speed that can try to match the flow speed there all right for a greater than Lewis the greater than unity Lewis number but if you now have a for in the Bunsen burner tip right the Bunsen burner tip for early less than one you now have a a greater extent of the deficient species depletion that is happening when compared to the extent of upstream heat conduction so the flame is essentially running out of reactant even if it is trying hard to conduct conduct heat upstream to heat up whatever is remaining of the reactants so this leads to this could lead okay so could lead to a local flame extinction all right now many times I shouldn't say many times sometimes you do see flames which have a hole in the middle so that means you now have a flame that keeps going up like this instead of turning around it actually goes up like that and see see that I am actually drawing it with the lighter line that simply because the flame fades as it goes along that indicates like a lesser burning intensity progressively and the extinction there all right so you now have a hole in the flame it is not as if like it you need to have any less than one for this hole in the flame there is also one more thing that we have to think about so the first thing that we talked about was a thermal diffusive imbalance thermal hyphen diffusive imbalance the second thing that we have to worry about is the density jump okay so density the density jump across the flame so what is the consequence of having a decrease in density for the products relative to the reactants the flow gets past the flame right any ideas here what is going to happen if the flow now tries to go past so we try to still go through the same idea that is you now have a nominally flat flame with a SL not but then now you are beginning to think about the fact that the density of the products is going to be less than the density of the reactants and perturbed the flame to be non-planar all right so as a consequence of the density difference local mass balance dictates that the velocity should compensate for it all right so if you now think about a point here along along a curved flame what we are basically saying is you now have a let us suppose that your this is your you not and what you want to do is try to decompose this as parallel and perpendicular to the flame right so this is you n not and this is you t not and what happens is when you try to have a flow that is going past the flame it is mainly the normal component that suffers the expansion because that is how we are normally thinking about a flame so if you had a unperturbed flame with a with a with a with a flat profile then what you basically saying is the normal component of the flow is going to actually expand right so what we then what we then have to expect is we need to have the normal component increase significantly this is significant because what we are talking about is a constant pressure more or less a constant pressure system all right and you have to think about what is the density change because of the density changes because of the temperature change so the temperature rises therefore the density falls right so what is the temperature rise like if you take like a 300 K over here and let us say it is reasonable to expect something like a 2400 K there right so that is about a temperature rise of about eight fold can be 2100 2400 2700 K think in terms of factors of three 300 for the sake of simplicity right of 3000 so you are now talking about a factor that somewhere between 7 to 10 times more all right so this has to be significant and then so the density correspondingly decreases right so P equals rho RT and as T increases rho has to decrease and then rho 0 U 0 is equal to rho infinity U infinity or more specifically in this case rho 0 U N not it should be equal to rho infinity U N infinity right so if rho 0 over rho infinity is going to be about a factor of 7 or 8 or 9 then UN infinity is going to be that much higher when compared to UN not right so it would be okay if we extended this line even more like this particular vector curve that I drew is only about three times so this is exaggerated little bit more it is still not an exaggeration and so this should actually be your UT sorry UN infinity right and the UT not gets preserved as such when you now want to locate your U T infinity because that does not really suffer any expansion and then so what happens to the resultant so the resultant now obviously gets tilted more towards the normal of the flame all right so this is basically then your U infinity this is the picture you would like to see so what is it what essentially is happening it essentially means that if you now have a streamline that is coming like this it is going to get compressed right so if you have a streamline that layer that that goes like here it is going to go together but obviously streamlines can't hit each other right they try to turn and in trying to turn and accommodate each other they try to disturb the streamlines that are that are approaching the flame as well okay so you now get into a situation where your streamlines should actually turn out to be in reality somewhat like this it starts bending outward in anticipation of having to converge again further down right and correspondingly if you now look at this kind of a curvature which is what is pertinent for us in a Bunsen burner tip right so we expect that the flame should actually increase sorry the flow should actually increase or diverge and then converge back again I am sorry my domestic so look at what is going on here you have a situation where you are thinking that you want to have a flame that is stabilized at SL0 right now this is what is equal to you locally here that means you always this is very important I think I think I mentioned this earlier the way you always want to think about flames and I will reiterate this when we are dealing with triple flames after doing diffusion flames the way we always want to think about a flame propagation speed is always relative to the flow speed far upstream of the flame that means you don't want to worry about all this mess you have to say it all depends on it all boils down to how much do I have to open the valves for my flow to actually set in so that the flame is approximately stabilized what has been by approximators it is stationary there I can actually have a flame fixed coordinate system what it is doing within the flame fixed coordinate system is not of concern to me so long as it is there right and what is the flow speed at which it is there is what is the flame speed is what I would like to think about right so if I want to now say that this is what it is then what is the problem that is happening near the flame you now find that the flow is locally accelerated when you now have a flame that is curved concave relative to the far upstream reactants alright so the what has essentially happened is the flame has now induced the flow to go faster at it when it when it when it tries to have a concave curvature right and this means the flame needs to actually try to compensate for a higher level of increase in flame speed which should be by a mechanism that we talked about here if it has to survive if not it is going to actually cause a local extinction right so we see this actually happening in a in a in a Bunsen burner for example when you now talk about a streamline path that is approaching the flame you now know that know for a fact that you now have a streamline path that goes like this so you do have a a flow that is actually getting diverged for most part and then that continues to happen over here but locally it tries to actually squeeze in and then diverge so effectively what happens is you need to have to take into account the effect of flow divergence on the the planar flame speed so if you want to think about this effect you want to try to actually bring this into bring this into modifying the planar flame speed such that all this is like a black box and the if you now had a planar flame speed how is it going to be modified in a in a way that will take into account the local flow deceleration or acceleration all right so there is a way by which you can do this I am not going to derive this this little bit is quite beyond the scope of this particular course but we will just state these things so if you now assume constant properties constant properties the flame speed is modified as SL equals SL0 minus SL0 script L kappa plus script L n hat dot divergence or n hat dot gradient V vector dot n hat so here the SL0 is basically the unstretched flame it does not suffer from the flame curvature and flow divergence effects okay but SL is actually the flame speed that you would that you would have to use for a flame that is curved and also induces a flow divergence correspondingly and therefore alters the flame speed as well right so here kappa then is the flame curvature right so that is equal to divergence of n hat which is nothing but negative of divergence of grad G divided by mod grad G in the framework of the G equation and so of course you can now try to do a chain rule differentiation here so this is del square G divided by mod grad G plus grad mod grad G times grad G divided by mod grad G squared which is minus del square G plus n hat dot grad mod grad G divided by mod grad G keep in mind we are actually trying to find the flame shape okay and the flame shape is now contained in the flame speed okay so previously we were trying to find the flame shape based on the unstretched flame speed right but now we have to use a stretched flame speed which depends on the shape and the shape depends on the speed so you will have to do a iterative solution of this it is possible and there are solutions that can be made available for these things L here the script L is what is called as the Mark Steins length and recall I kept talking about a length scale that is of the order of the flame thickness but not exactly equal so it is somewhat greater gates is a little bit greater than the flame thickness because if you now have a flame curvature the heating effect is going to be felt a little bit further upstream than the original unstretched flame thickness okay so previously the unstretched flame thickness contained the preheat zone but now if you curve like let us say concave the heating is going to be felt further out right so that is kind of like the mark Mark Steins length we are talking about so it is a quantity of the order of the flame thickness flame thickness and of course we know that the flame thickness delta depends on the flame speed this we did long ago right so the first time we started talking about the structure of the premix flame the mass balance in the preheat zone resulted in something like this okay but here keep in mind this delta is actually for the stretched flame thickness the SL is actually the stretched flame speed okay and what we are now saying is this depends on L okay and so how does L depend on the delta so there is a derivation for this again which we would be if we won't go through but I will just state for large activation energy of of a one-step chemical reaction right so within the framework of assuming a one-step chemical reaction with the large activation energy for it L over delta script L over delta is 1 over gamma natural logarithm 1 minus sorry 1 over 1 minus gamma plus beta Lewis number minus 1 divided by 2 1 minus gamma divided by gamma integral 0 gamma divided by 1 minus gamma natural logarithm 1 plus x divided by x the x evidently x is a dummy variable of integration from 0 to gamma over 1 minus gamma gamma is now not the ratio of specific heats that you are used to in gas dynamics this is actually the ratio of temperatures which is basically a temperature difference divided by the initial temperature and beta is our Zeldovich number so it is EA times TF minus T not divided by Ru Tf squared so you can see that gamma is actually embedded in here you could say Tf minus T not divided by T not as gamma so E over Ru T or Ru Tf times gamma would be your beta now typically it sits found that typically L over delta is 2 to 6 so there are analysis so what what you what you will see see is now if you want to try to actually find a curved flame shape it is quite difficult it is more getting more involved your Mach Stain's length depends on the flame thickness the flame thickness depends on the flame speed the flame speed depends on the Mach Stain's length and so on so there is like a loop within a loop that is going on here which we have to solve iteratively there are analysis where we would just assume a constant Mach Stain's length let us not worry about so you pick a number between this because it is about a variable that varies within this range so let us not worry about it is the attitude for those analysis so then what happens as I said you see as the flame speed increases if you now go back to the tip of the Bunsen burner that that is what we were concerned with if you now keep on increasing the flow speed right as it is the flame speed in this case the flame speed for the unstitched flame is less than the flow speed okay and the flow speed or put another way the flow speed is actually greater than the unstretched flame speed and at the tip because you now have a concave curvature the flow tends to actually converge and actually increase faster the flow faster that means the flame flame speed has to increase much more to counter that and that would be through the thermal diffusive imbalance alright and that is obviously possible mainly when you have a lowest number greater than 1 but still since this effect is countering that even when you have a lowest number greater than 1 you could have conditions of local extension right so so as the as the as the flow rate is progressively increased right the flame shoulder adjusts its orientation but the tip can't the tip always has to stay as the tip it can't adjust to the adjust its orientation to the flow velocity therefore this results in local extinction regardless of of any whether it is whether it is greater than 1 or less than 1 and so on fine what next we talked about the Bunsen burner we realized that at the shoulder of the flame the the flow normal component of the flow velocity should match the flame speed for the flame propagating perpendicular to itself then we realized that that's not as simple a situation at the tip so we went through what we needed to go through to think about the tip and it we found that it is not so straightforward you have to worry about these effects two effects mainly the thermal diffusive imbalance and the density variation effect density change with temperature effect so all these things are involved in explaining what's going on at the tip but what about the base right so what's going on at the base when we did the G equation we made an assumption that over zeta should be equal to 0 at r equals capital R that was like a boundary condition that we had adopted okay basically saying that the flame is touching the rim of the burner of course within the framework of the G equation we don't bring into effect the thickness of the flame alright so it's as if like the flame is having a thickness and we are basically saying that the SL is a constant it doesn't change and therefore we don't have to also worry about a varying thickness of the flame near the near the base and or and or or a varying flame speed as we approach the base right but none of these things is true so we need to now focus a little bit more on what's happening near the base and see what is the fate of the flame speed as we approach the base as well as the flow isn't uniform either right so we tend to think that you have a uniform flow that's approaching the flame and you have a uniform flame a constant flame speed with which the flame is trying to attack the reactant flow and therefore you have a shape but that was not the case for the flow as well the flow wasn't uniform there it is coming out of a burner and it has to satisfy no slip boundary condition that means the flow velocity has to start from 0 right so we tend to begin to think wait a minute if you are going to have a 0 flow velocity there that means the flame should be able to propagate against the flow right there along the walls and never really be stabilized above the burner on the one hand it looks like the flame has to actually not be held at the burner at all and maybe get pushed up by the flow but if you now Bob begin to look at the flow right it looks like the flame has to go deep in what's going on right so let's so this idea of having to look at the base of the flame takes us to what the issue of what's called as flame stabilization flame stabilization so this is just refers to the fate of the flame base flame base or flame anchor point flame stabilization can also be referred to as flame anchoring because the base is the one that is actually holding the flame so correspondingly you can also use the term flame holding right so flame holding flame anchoring flame stabilization all these things refer to pretty much the same and it deals with the fate of the flame base because the base is where the flame is held right so we need to look at so what we what we just said was we need to look at SLU variation as you approach the burner rim approach the burner rim right so let's look at the flow velocity variation that's simpler so flow velocity you so what we expect is if you now have a burner we have a no-slip boundary condition all right and of course you could quibble saying we don't know exactly how the flow was formed in where and how is it developing as it reached a fully developed profile do we have an entrance length of associated with it and so on those things are not very very relevant okay so even in the in a worse case where you assume like a fully developed flow that is emerging out of the of the tube right and we are talking about laminar flames so we are looking at a laminar flow lamina fully developed flow that's coming out of the tube we expect a parabolic velocity profile but what matters to us is what's happening here right so this basically means that we are looking at now what we drew as a line has suddenly become not a thick block I am I am even exaggerating and going further into saying that this is almost like a semi semi semi infinite solid filling one quadrant and with the corner here corresponding to that burner rim and the flow velocity is locally linear that's your you so when we said that we wanted to look at the flame speed and the flow velocity variation as you approach the burner rim we picked the flow velocity because the flow velocity is always going to be somewhat linearly increasing from the rim inwards towards the center of the tube so that is more like a monotonic variation you increase the flow speed the slope is going to increase if you decrease the flow speed the slope is going to decrease that's all right so there is no there are no counter effects or competing effects here but that's not the problem that's not the case with the flame speed there are competing effects that we have to worry about for how the flame speed changes as it approaches the rim so it's not so straightforward so we consider that next so how does the flame speed behave right there are two factors in fact to two contravening factors that we have to think about one first and foremost as a matter of fact is the heat loss to the burner heat loss to the burner so when you now have a flame that is approaching the burner so think about what's happening if you now have a burner rim that's look looking like this when you are now trying to zoom in into the burner so much right you can't simply draw a flame like a single line anymore pretending that that is going to now consume contain both your preheat zone and the reaction zone and all those things right you now have to worry about how does the preheat zone look like how does a reaction zone look like what I know for a fact is far away from this burner rim I am going to have a certain thickness for the flame and the preheat zone is going to be thicker than the reaction zone larger the activation energy okay but what happens as you now progressively come closer to the rim is keep in mind that this is actually the region where the temperature actually rises from the initial temperature to the flame temperature as we go along and this is the region where most of the conduction is happening but as you now come down to the flame with the burner rim you now have a heat conduction that's going on inside the rim as well so it's suddenly like the the burner rim intruded into the preheat zone because the preheat zone essentially is part of where the conduction happens right but the preheat zone was supposed to actually heat up preheat right so preheat means it's supposed to heat up the reactants to react so there is no point in heating up the burner rim because the burner rim is not hopefully going to react right it's quite of like the joke about whether we have so how does the how does the combustor work the combustor burns it's not good news because the combustor burns means the combustor is not going to be there so similarly you don't want to have the burner be part of the reactions right so what this but what then happens is you know essentially you are thinking about a thickening progressively thickening preheat zone and the fact that we are talking about a heat loss is because the reactants are not the only ones that are getting heated up okay in an adiabatic flame there is a heat transfer going on it's not it's not as if like there is no heat transfer going on in an adiabatic flame but it is kind of like you know the father gives us money to the son and the son gives the money to the grandson and so on it's there the money is kept within the family right it's not going going away so it's like the reactants are of the ones that are actually getting the heat and reacting in the flame so so long as the reactants are the ones that are going to get all the heat and then react in the flame to release that heat it's an adiabatic system but the moment the reactants are not the ones that are going to get heated up anymore that's not an adiabatic system so obviously then the local flame speed should decrease right so the the flame essentially becomes a lot thicker and and the flow the flame speed progressively decreases to towards the towards the as the flame is held closer and closer so it's essentially the heat loss to the burner basically means that closer the flame base is located to the burner room right more the heat loss and SL decreases more right the decrease in the SL is more what we are basically thinking is as you now have a burner and you're now trying to increase the flame speed we are beginning to imagine that the base is not exactly touching the room anymore the base of the flame is now going to go up a little bit and try to adjust its position why would it adjust is something that we're going to see pretty soon right but when it with the moment we now begin to think that the flame is not going to be at the rim and and can move up or down relative to the rim what we're basically saying is closer it is to the rim more is the heat loss and therefore the flame speed near the rim is going to be progressively less so this is a a contribution that is going to decrease the flame speed okay the second decrease the flame speed more and more when your the flame is closer to the rim second is the mixing with the ambient mixing with the ambient right now for the purpose of what we are talking about let's fix the ambient as air right air as in what we find on earth here right that means you now have the oxidizing ambience right and then think about what happens as you as you now allow for mixing to happen so essentially what this means is you now have more and more standoff of the flame let's say the flame is now further out okay so if you now have a flame that is progressively further out and for this purpose it's sufficient for us to just draw a line to represent the flame let's not worry about its thickness right it is thicker and so on that's fine but what you're looking at is this distance more this distance greater is the mixing of the reactants with the ambient right what's the consequence of this for the flame speed that's really the question that we have to ask that depends on whether the flame is a fuel rich flame or a fuel lean flame right so if it were a fuel rich flame right so great so let's just record this greater the standoff distance right more is the mixing and the question is is that mixing going to be increasing the flame speed or decreasing the flame speed right so that depends on whether the flame is going to be fuel rich or fuel lean so fuel rich flame in an oxidizing ambience what happens now this region actually becomes closer to stoichiometric right because it is a fuel lean fuel rich flame and then you're now sending in more oxygen from the side and therefore it becomes closer to stoichiometric so this leads to a increase in flame speed right with increasing standoff and this goes in the same direction as what the heat loss effect was in the case of the heat loss what we understood was the closer the flame is to the burner lesser it is a lesser it is it lesser is its flame speed or conversely the farther it is from the burner it's going to have a higher flame speed because of less heat loss is exactly what we're saying here increase in the same flame standoff means a increase in the flame speed because it's fuel rich so in this case this is a little bit more complicated and we will talk about this later on what's important for us to is to look at a competing effect that means an opposing effect right and that is presented in the case of a fuel lean flame so in the case of a fuel lean flame your already fuel lean and a greater mixing with the ambient is going to dilute the flame further and further right that means the flame speed is going to decrease as the flame standoff distance increases the heat loss was less so the flame speed doesn't have to decrease that much more but it's going to decrease because of the dilution right so dilution decreases the SL with increase in standoff right with these two we should now be able to tell how the flame is stabilized we will do this now and we will worry about pushing the limits on this to lead to a flash back or a blow off later so essentially what happens is if you now have a let's now put these two together that means originally if you now had a flow velocity that was locally in linear right and I'm on let me now consider the flame the flow like this right that's a flow velocity you what we are looking for is if you now have a flame that is like this let's look at how its flame speed is going to be right as it is over here with respect to like the free stream velocity the flame speed is low but the flow speed is actually decreasing linearly and the flame speed is decreasing because of heat loss on the one hand as its proximity to the burner is determined and because of the mixing and we are now considering a fuel lean case the fuel lean case it is a more straightforward for us to think about so there is a position there is there is a condition when maybe the scales are in good here so let's consider the scale that looks like that so there is a condition when the local local velocity and the local flame speed match exactly where you have this curvature facing the flow right so this is where you now have a u equals SL I am not saying u bar equals SL not or you not equals SL not okay I am saying you is equal to SL so this is the stabilization condition right now what happens when you now try to actually have a flame that is perturbed inward is it now gets closer to the flame right so its SL actually becomes less than you because of a greater heat loss effect all right but the mixing is not much so it is not trying to decrease the SL a lot but the heat loss is actually trying to decrease the SL and therefore the flame gets pushed backwards to this point but if you now try to actually have a flame that is pushed further out it now becomes a lot more extended you can see how I am drawing these pictures you now see that it is actually stopping somewhere here it's stopping here it can extend further because your mixing fan is more you now have the reactants reaching a greater distance laterally outward right so you can you can have a flame over here but in this case the SL actually now becomes greater than you because you don't have too much of a heat loss effect and therefore it has a tendency to move upstream you now have a larger flame because if the reactants have actually fanned out and they have less heat loss and they have a tendency to move against a linearly decreasing velocity until you reach a matching point okay so effectively it now becomes a local match between a varying flame speed and a varying velocity the flame speed is not uniformly varying the the velocity is linearly varying and this match is what is going to actually dictate how the flame is stabilized locally there and therefore correspondingly a flame standoff distance stop here


This is Mises Weekends with your host, Jeff Dice. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back. Once again to Mises Weekends. I'm sure you all know our guest, Mark Thornton, longtime senior fellow here at the Mises Institute, professor across the street at Auburn University and our in-house resident expert on booms and bus and business cycles. And that's what we're talking about today, Mark. I'm sure you saw yesterday Janet Yellen made some pronouncements about a fairly dovish Fed policy for the next few months. Although she did say she's going to start to unwind the balance sheet that the feds accumulated since the 0809 crash. And whether these things are related or not, the Dow Jones hit its all-time high of about 21,000 up from its most recent low in 2009 of about 6,600. So the markets apparently responded favorably or at least not disfavorably. Let me ask you something overarching to begin. You know, obviously we're Austrians. We see things in terms of monetary policy, but it feels like there's an ersatz quality to this prosperity. And there's something insubstantial or artificial about the run-up in the equities markets. Oh, absolutely. When Janet Yellen or any chairman of the Fed speaks, it's always a positive spin. And so the markets love that. They love the idea that she's not gonna raise rates very rapidly. So when you look at Washington, DC, you're always gonna see a positive spin on things and Wall Street just loves that. But when you look at the real economy and you look at real employment situations, things are not very good at all and the economy is not growing much at all. And here in Auburn, of course, the ersatz quality is just so patently obvious. We have more construction trucks and equipment moving through town than anything else. It's rather bizarre scene out there with these low interest rates have brought about. Yeah, we don't have a skyscraper index in Auburn because we don't have skyscrapers, but we have cranes. We have cranes everywhere you look in Auburn. It's really quite an amazing phenomenon. Well, they're building the tallest building in Auburn right now. And they've torn down two city blocks to build structures that are as least as tall. So you don't get a world record setting skyscraper here in Auburn, but you do get a local record.  So some of the restaurants and condominiums being built here as a lot of the population shifts from the Northeast to the South, it's really changing sort of the tenor of the town. Oh, yes, I mean, it's a sleepy little college town where the tallest building used to be two stories. Now we're talking seven and eight. And like I said, the amount of construction materials and job sites on campus and off campus is just unbelievable. It's unprecedented. Never before in history have I seen anything like this. Well, I'm sure you hear this all the time. I hear a lot of this from our fans and from people who consume our media and come to our events. It's about timing. If we feel like we're in a boom, the boom is followed by a bust, and when is that gonna happen? What should I do? What should I buy? What should I sell? What should I hold? What should I short? I wanna give our listeners a Ludwig von Mises quote where he just says, economics can tell us only that a boom engendered by credit expansion will not last. It cannot tell us after what amount of credit expansion the sum will start or when this event will occur. And that can be pretty unsatisfying for people, right? They wanna know what can I look for? What are the indicators? What are the markers? So how would you respond to the questions about timing? We don't know, and that's the truth. And that's the limit of the analysis that Austrian economics can bring about. But it's a very important truth. So it tells people, it warns people that if you do have a credit induced boom that ultimately things are gonna get ugly in the economy and you're gonna see similar types of results in terms of rising unemployment, bankruptcies, foreclosures, restructuring. All of those things are gonna take place eventually and Austrians are just being open and honest when they say they don't know when it's gonna start. They don't know how significant the bust is gonna be, how tangled up it can get, like with the housing bubble and all the financial engineering that helped bring it about. It was a very tangled mess. And so the financial crisis was very severe. Well, let's talk specifically about real estate for a second. About a year or so ago when we were in Boston, you spoke about some of the things that real estate investors or real estate owners ought to maybe consider or be looking at as signs that we're near a peak or we're near some sort of unreasonable housing market. Well, of course there's all sorts of real estate metrics out there, home sales, home starts, building permits. There's a whole raft of statistics related to real estate and so they paint a very general picture but if you see home starts increasing beyond the average, if you see home sales and home prices, of course housing prices are still twice as high or more than they were 15 years ago. And so the price of all these things, the cost of building new real estate is rising as the industry, as the construction industry gets very tight, of course, they're asking higher prices for their services. And so whereas mainstream economists tend to look at the unemployment rate in GDP, Austrians like to dig down beneath that and look at a whole host of statistical indicators to look at the whole structure of the economy, the structure of an industry and where it is vis-a-vis normal times. Well, when we look back into recent history, we see the tech stock crash of 2000, 2001. Obviously we see the real estate run up in the crash of 2008, which also brought Wall Street down at least in part, Lehman Brothers collapsed. What can those two events maybe tell us about where we are today? I mean, what, have we learned anything? Oh, absolutely not. You know, it was artificially low interest rates that caused those two crises and we've been doing nothing but having ridiculously low interest rates even after the last couple of increases, interest rates are still ridiculously low, especially in inflation-adjusted terms, the financial industry is giving away credit or trying to give it away. Here's something that happened to me yesterday, Jeff. I got an email from my bank that wanted to give me another credit card and was gonna pay me $100 to use it. And then I got an offer in the mail from another credit card that I have that was gonna pay me or give me $200 of discounts over the next three months if I spent a certain amount of money on the card. And then when I left work yesterday, I went to the grocery store and did a self-checkout and when I paid my bill up out of the cash register came an offer for the grocery store credit card and if I spent a certain amount of money, they were gonna give me $75 worth of discounts. All three of those things happened yesterday. Well, these kind of anecdotal incidents. But there are people who have timed markets, shorted markets and gotten very rich. I'm sure a lot of us have seen the big short where Dr. Michael Burry and some of his associates correctly called the housing market. There's also obviously Mark Spitznagle, who's the author of the Dow Capital, runs an hedge fund called Universal. He became very wealthy, shorting certain equities in the 2008 crash, but I wanna read you a quote from him because he's not an academic, he's a trader and a hedge fund manager and a wealthy guy. He's not some theoretical economist like Ludwig von Mises making pronouncements, but he's talking about timing markets and he says, I think it's probably naive to even think we can pinpoint such a thing. If history is any guide, we should expect it sooner rather than later. But history need not be a good guide because we're in this monetary experiment, the likes of which we haven't really seen before. And this is something you touch on in your recent article called the Bernanke Yellen Bubble Depression, which is, we're really in new territory here, that our central banking friends don't really know what's going on. That's absolutely right. Now Mark knows Austrian theory. I've reviewed his book favorably and he certainly knows Mises and Bastia and the Austrian theory of the business cycle. So he's got that basic tool and then he goes about his personal business trying to feel his way through. And that's basically what people have to do is they have to be prepared, certainly knowing that there's a bust coming, but then you have to more or less feel your way through. I remember the article that I wrote about the housing bubble in 2004, in June 2004, it was just a couple anecdotes of things that happened to me and my friends. One friend put a house on the market on a Sunday morning and by Sunday afternoon he had several offers and one of them was for much more than the asking price. So in a matter of hours on a Sunday, so real estate agents were working on Sunday, that's one thing, but then to have multiple offers on a Sunday and then have the house sold in a matter of six hours and getting more than your asking price. Those are the kind of things you wanna be alert for when people start saying crazy things and are house flipping and day trading without any real knowledge or abilities, that's when things are totally out of whack. You know, you talk about in the article at least on paper, economic growth is decent, unemployment's fairly low, but yet interest rates are remaining very low per the machinations of central bankers. I wanna ask your opinion on this, you know, contrast this with the late 70s, early 80s, Paul Volcker was the Fed chair and at this point we had high inflation, we had relatively high unemployment, little or no economic growth, so-called stagflation, but yet, at least for a period, Volcker was able to resist the political pressures of both Carter and Reagan and keep interest rates very high. I mean, here we are today in supposedly a relatively decently growing economy. Have they just decided that forever and ever low interest rates are the road to prosperity? That's the only tool they have.  In other words, she's gonna air on the side of keeping interest rates too low for too long. This has never been attempted in the history of mankind keeping interest rates near zero for seven plus years. And so, we have unprecedented history behind us and that's why I'm very worried about, you know, what's gonna happen as this bubble comes to an end. Well, you even say it ought to be termed the Bernanke Yellen bubble depression. We talk about business cycles and I think the public has this mystical idea that these cycles are just inevitable or they're inherent in man's nature or in the business world. And maybe we ought to really call them central bank cycles, right, because they're engineered, they're created. That's absolutely correct. And I wrote an article on Mises.org a couple of weeks ago where I laid out this proposition that we should name a crisis for who created it, not, you know, the housing bubble. It wasn't housing that got out of whack per se, it wasn't construction companies that got out of whack per se, it was engineered by the Fed. And so the fundamentals, you know, said build more houses, build bigger houses, but those fundamentals were totally falsified by these ultra low interest rates. And so I blame, you know, the housing bubble on Bernanke and Greenspan. I blame the current situation and looming crisis on Bernanke and Yellen because they're the ones that's causing it. Otherwise, if you leave this to journalists and federal reserve chairmen, they'll always blame the market. They'll always blame some irrational phenomenon that's emerging from the social psychology of all things when, in fact, we know the real cause is artificially low interest rates and we know who's pulling the strings, it's the Fed. So Mark, we're almost out of time. I wanna talk here at the end about this mythology surrounding home ownership in the United States and that we've been led to believe it's ever and always an investment rather than just a durable consumer good. Oh yes, home ownership is part of the mythology of American ideology and we've done everything from giving tax breaks and all sorts of subsidies to home ownership. And there's obviously a lot of benefits to owning a home in the current context but actually going forward, I expect home ownership to decline consistently over time because we're a much more mobile society. We need to be more mobile as workers and as entrepreneurs. Right now, there's still people caught in the cobweb of the housing bubble where they can't unload their home to move to an economy where there's more jobs. And so I would like to see and I expect to see home ownership declining and hopefully at some point maybe after this real estate bubble collapses that people will be reluctant to become homeowners and would rather rent and be flexible and to not have some of the hassles that are involved in home ownership and taxes and all the rest. Well, we see in places like Germany and Switzerland where only about 20% of people own homes, about 80% rent. And we've also seen examples in the last crash of people who were stuck in their house because they paid too much for it, it was worth far less. And even though there might have been job opportunities in another part of the country, they felt they couldn't move. So it's an interesting time and hopefully the Mises Institute is doing its part to educate people about these bubbles and about central banking so that more people can understand that these aren't just natural or organic occurrences. So with that, Mark Thornton, thanks so much for your time, great talking to you. Ladies and gentlemen, have a great weekend. Subscribe to Mises Weekends via iTunes U, Stitcher and SoundCloud or listen on Mises.org and YouTube.


Well, everyone, welcome back to another Adobe After Effects tutorial. In this one, I'm going to show you how to create a hand drawn animation, a circle, a square, an arrow. All of this can be done very easily in After Effects, as I just showed you here. Let's go ahead and start from scratch. Go to File, New, Project, of course. And I'm just going to go ahead and start creating a composition. Left click on New Composition, Presto. It doesn't matter what size it is. We just want to get the ball rolling. All right, good stuff. The first thing, I'm going to go to Workspace. And I'm going to make sure that it's selected to Standard for now, because we're going to go ahead and change it to Paint in a second. All right, Layer, New. And we're going to go Solid. There we go. And in this case, we're going to just go ahead and make a white solid. There we go. We've got our background. Now the next step is I'm going to go and just add a bit of text to this. I'm just going to type in Hand and Drawing, so that you guys can see that I'm what I'm working with here and how the animation works. OK, so I've got some text in there. That's purely optional. Now the fun begins. Go up to Window, go to Workspace, change it to Paint. When you do that, you're going to get the Paint panel and the Brushes panel, which is what we want. Now, go ahead and double-click on the white solid. It loads the background into the Layer panel. Now I'm going to go up top here. I'm going to select my brush. And under my brush, I get two panels here in the Paint panel, the Paint one and the Brushes. Under Paint, make sure that the duration is set to Right On. It's very, very important. And under Brushes, well, just select the brush that you want. I'm just going to use a hard round brush to start. And very importantly, change the spacing from 25% to 1%, so you don't get the beaded look. OK, with that out of the way, making sure you're clicked now here in the Layer panel, I'm just going to go ahead and draw. So I'm going to draw a rectangle just so you guys can see what it looks like. Presto, you don't see anything yet. Go over here, move the playhead a little bit, take it to the beginning, hit Spacebar, and boom. We've now got our hand drawn. Well, it's a little bit janky, but that's what it looks like. If you don't like it, you can always redo it. And if you want to change any of the effects in terms of the size of the paint, so if you want a thicker brush or a thinner brush, you'll see here that I've just opened up under White Solid. I can go ahead in here and just make some changes. So if I want to go ahead and change the color to blue, for example, it would do it. And then now I've got a blue brush. And of course, you can change things like the width and all of those things in here. Also, if you find that you don't have the right size, you can go ahead and adjust the scale so you can make it bigger or smaller. And again, just hit Spacebar and you'll see it happen. That's all there is to it to creating hand drawn animations. Thanks for watching.


And young guys, it's me Logan! Today we're gonna be doing another reaction video! And today we are gonna be seeing the Fnatic Fondiances series of PRODUCE 101 Season 2 on Crack! So we're gonna be watching the fourth one today, and that's gonna be sad, because I absolutely love the series that she's got going, and I also love PRODUCE 101, so it's probably gonna be some moments from the final episode, which is gonna make me sad, and all that stuff. But yeah, I was in there, I'm just so pretty excited, so let's just get chained into this. Okay, starting off with the performance. Oh, the performances. Oh, Perkmane performance. Okay, the Perkmane performance was so sad. Hey, let's go, let's go. Oh, it's Lee- Lee Roo- oh, Lee Roo- Lee Roojin? Is it? I forgot his name. Oh, man. Oh, yo, Boa got Pizza Big Road, which is awesome. Boa was having a comeback on the 26th, so I'm definitely going to be doing a reaction to that when it releases. I don't know. Oh, no, I want pizza, man. You know, I'm probably going to order something tonight because I'm going to be home alone. Samuel! Oh, yes, extra- yes! Oh, man, I love the buffet here. Oh, wait, no. Oh, boy, he kind of said it, but he didn't. That's what I would do. I'm being so good. Oh, no, Taeyeon! Who is the trainee that you don't want to be with? Woojin, trainee. Oh, Park Woojin! Man, I love Park Woojin. Oh, he is! That was so funny when he left him behind. That was so funny when it happened. Yeah, Minky. Wait. Wait, what? Yeah, that's right. That was such a funny episode. Yes! Yes, I love these.  Putting it on the lipstick was so funny. I love this, like, crap, man. Oh, that must have been so awkward for them to do, right? Nianza, I love you, units. Oh, yes. He just continued going. Oh, yeah. The office audio, let's go. The face masks that they were putting on. Oh, God. I forgot how terrifying I was. God damn. Oh, yeah, he was trying to be a panda, I think. Oh! Oh!  Listen up, Jigglypuff. Okay. 12 seconds later. Oh, yes.  I love that voice thing that people have, like the text of voice. Don't be frank, man. I love home so much, man. I love, no, man. I'm gonna tell you, I didn't get no doubt. Actually, I was like that as well. I can't do it. Wait, we're putting Kinky over here. Okay. Kinky. Why are you doing this to the answer? I feel like it's just gonna go like MLG. And I have something to think soon. I just have that feeling. But man, saying everyone eliminated.  And then they got the Pikmi Piano version, man. That made me sad. Yeah, let's wish them the best. And also, thank you. Yeah, boy! I was so into picking the year, boy. God dang it in the answer. Deep in me, deep in me. I really want to wish the people of 101 good luck. I just cannot wait for them to release their albums and all that stuff. Because I reckon they're gonna be fired.  I really want them to actually release Hollywood that Brand New Music did for their audition thingy with Bobby. I think it's the, I don't know what it's called. I want them to make that an official song for their album. Do you know how cool that would be? Because that song was awesome. That song was really awesome. Imagine having all ten or eleven of them saying that. That would be amazing. I thought of ten for a second because there were twenty people and I'm like, oh yeah, too many. Half that, that's ten. But man, oh man, the answer. I just love your videos, legit. I just absolutely love your videos. Please continue doing them. And I'll just be happy, legit. I'll just be happy if you continue doing your videos because they're just so great you can go. But yeah guys, this is gonna be all for this video and I hope you guys did enjoy it. If you guys did, then definitely show some support by leaving a like and also comment down below your favorite Produce 101 member and also subscribe to guys on YouTube channel because there's gonna be more reactions coming to you guys in the near future and there'll be more reactions next year for the new Produce 101 season if they continue doing Produce 101 which I'm guessing they will because that brings in a lot of money and yeah, next place to video so I hope you guys have a great day and just keep on smiling adios amigos


Thank you very much. It's OK with the micro. OK, perfect. So first of all, I would like to thank very warmly all the organization for inviting me to present to you the situation of France toward surrogacy. You will excuse my English because my English is not very good, but I write a draft so you can find everything in my draft on the website of the conference. I would like to recall to you the legal status of surrogacy in France. First of all, and after, I will explain to you. I will try to explain to you its consequences. As you certainly know, the legal status of surrogacy in France is very simple. It's forbidden, totally forbidden. Surrogacy was developed in the 80s and was used at the beginning by heterosexual couples. In 1989, the Court de Cassation said, stop in a very important decision. Five years later, in 1994, the legislator decided to formalize the introduction. So in French law, for one part, the law has established the principle of the nullity of the surrogacy contract. So if you would like to contract a surrogacy arrangement in France, it's completely null. It's void. Void. OK, thank you. So it's not an option. In the other hand, the French law has defined a criminal offense for two situations. First situation, it is the incitement to abandon a child. So it's a criminal offense. And second situation, it's concerned the internal diary of France between the intended parent and the surrogate. So what is the consequences of this law? French couples go abroad and get child through surrogacy in different countries. They come back to France and the difficulty starts for them. And it's the point where I interview and I'm dealing with that. So I'm helping them to get legal status for their children. In a very short way, what can I say? Four points. First point in French law, and it's very, very important, the birth certificate, the BC establish the parentage that the family identity of the child. Even it's a foreign BC, could be a foreign BC. On the legal point of view for French law, we don't care of the genetic issue. It's very important because I know that in many countries, the genetic issue is very important. But for the French law, if we are on the legal point of view, we don't care of that. We only look at who is mentioned under BC. It's very important. So it's first point. Second point, normally, if there is no surrogacy, the French authority recognize the foreign BC. Very important, if there is a French child born abroad, he will have a birth certificate. And this birth certificate will be recognized by the French authorities. But third point, and it's the point where there is a problem, French administration choose to treat BC suspected of surrogacy different from the other without any legal basis. It's very important to understand this point. It's not a legal basis. It's a moral basis, if I can explain a little bit. So the consequences of that is lawyer must go through legal proceeding which are not necessary for other children born in foreign country. We're requesting the cancellation of the refusal of the passport. We request an executor from a judge, or sometimes we are going before the European Human Court in order to regularize the civil status of these children born through surrogacy. It's easier for me to read when I am alone.  Usually, I never read, but I'm not so fluent, so I must read a little bit. So first, parentage is established by the foreign birth certificate. As you know, when we have a heterosexual couple, usually every country put on the BC the intended parent, United States, in Ukraine, in India. So we have a BC with the intended parent. And they can both be biologic parents, or only one, or none of them, but for French law, it doesn't matter. For gay couple, we have three situations. First situation, we will have the father and the surrogate on the BC, as you know, usually you do it in the United States, but not everywhere. Second situation, we can have the father alone on the BC. In the past, it was possible in India, for example. It's possible also in the United States. And third situation, we can have the two fathers on the birth certificate. So in all these cases, the French legal principle is that the foreign birth certificate establishes the parentage toward the person who are mentioned on the BC. So it's very important. The only duty is that this foreign BC must be legalized, it's very simple formality. And it must be translated because the French administration do not understand English, and India, or everything. OK, so Wilma told me that I have only five minutes more. So I will cut my speech. I just want to say that I won't go on the detail of what is the battle of the family men's home because they are here. So they will explain to you how it was very difficult to fight to get the transcription of the birth certificate of their child. You know that. You heard of the decision from the European court. La Rémençon 2014, La Bassée, Foulon Bouvet in 2016, La Baurie in 2017. So what is the position of the court de cassation in France? The court de cassation has a very strange position because the court de cassation, since July 2017, decide that we can have the transcription. The transcription is a copy of the foreign BC on the French civil status registrar. So we can have the transcription only for the father, for the man who is on the BC, supposed to be a biologic father. It's one and what the court de cassation say in one decision took place the 5th of July of 2017. And it's in a second decision, the court de cassation decide that the intended mother, and it means also the intended father also, must adopt his own child. But the solution is, in fact, a really nonsense. Because why it's a really nonsense? Because it's not based on a legal level. It's not built on a legal level. It's built on a moral level. It's very important that you understand that surrogacy make the judge completely foolish, really. When there is surrogacy, they get out the way of the law.  So I think I will end in a few minutes. Just I would like to say that, beside the position of the court de cassation, the judge from the law level, not the court de cassation, but the court of first instance or court of appeal, start to think that the solution shown by the court de cassation is a nonsense. So there is two very recently decision which shows that. The first decision I want really to speak about that, it's a decision from the court of appeal of Paris. Two men were going to Ontario. They get a child in Ontario. And on the BC, they are both. The two fathers are on the BC. They ask to the citizenship, to the French citizenship. The administration refused. So we go in front of the judge and the court of appeal in a decision of May 2019, decide that the birth certificate from Ontario with both father is available to establish the parentage without any transcription. So the court of appeal decide that the child is French because under the French law, you are French. If you're one of your parents, only one is French. So there is two French parents. So the child is French because the birth certificate show who is your parents. So it's very important that because it means that the judge start to think differently. And I would like to almost finish with another case. It's a case from the court of appeal of Rennes, which the only court we deal with transcription. It is the story of a mother. She was going in Armenia. And she's alone. She's without men.  I help her to come back. It was very difficult. So she come back. And after she asked for transcription, the prosecutor of Nantes refused.  And the court of appeal of Rennes in a very recent decision in May 2019, I write it. You can find it in my script in my drive. So decide to transcript the birth certificate with only one mother. Even she is the intended parent because there is no biologic link. So she's on the birth certificate. The court decide to do it. And it's because the court was annoyed because there is no father in this situation. So the court decide to not see that she know. It's a surrogacy. It's incredible. If you understand a father, if you understand. So the court accept the transcription because she decide to put something on her eyes and say, OK, I don't know if it's a surrogacy. So OK, I can do. So it shows us that when the judge knows that it's a surrogacy, they put many obstacles in front of the people. But when they don't know or when they act as they don't know, they accept the birth certificate. I finish with only one point. It's only an advice for your clients. What is the best way to do now for French people? I think that the best way to do for French people is to have a decision, a judgment from your, OK. I would say that this is the executor of the foreign judgment when there is one, a judgment of adoption, pre-birth, order, parentage, order. Because in France, we can get the executor of this decision, of this foreign decision. And with this foreign decision, we can get for our clients the French birth certificate. Even it's not necessary to have a French birth certificate. Thank you for your attention.


The Kraft Foods Company presents Harold Perry as the Great Gilder Sleeve. The Great Gilder Sleeve is brought to you by the Kraft Foods Company, makers of Parquet Margarine.  To market, to market, to get some parquet. Home again, home again, try it today. You'll like it, you'll love it, like millions who say their flavor at Margarine. T-A-R-K-A-Y Parquet Margarine made by Kraft. Well, it's early morning in Summerfield and the little town has stirred itself awake, ready to greet another day. And what is the Great Gilder Sleeve doing? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. What's that? What? Oh, alarm.  Looks like a beautiful day outside. Too nice to go to work. Ugh. Little Robin out there. He wants to say hello. Yeah. Hello, little Robin. I wish I were you. But now I wouldn't have to go to the office.  It'd be nice to just loaf around the house all day. You know, no use wishing. Only time I get to stay home from work is when I'm sick. So what's the use of it? Hey, I could call up and tell the mayor I'm sick. Uh, that wouldn't be telling the truth. Huh? Do have a little headache. Could lead to a cold. Cold could lead to pneumonia. Maybe I'd better stay home, wouldn't want to catch pneumonia.  Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. No, Bertie. Well, I hope he hurries up. I'm all ready to start his day. Go ahead and cook him, Bertie. I'll eat him. I know you would, Leroy, but you've had enough. Well, I would have asked for that. Good morning, children. Hi, uncle. Well, for heaven's sake. What are you wearing your bathrobe for? Well... Aren't you going to the office? No. I'm not going to work today. I'm going to stay home and loaf. I mean, rest. Rest? What for? Well, your old uncle doesn't feel very well today, children. You don't know. I'm sorry. Nothing serious. Just feel the cold coming on. Just thought I... Just thought I wouldn't take any chances. Oh. You really feel sick, huh? Yes, I do, my boy. Then can I eat your eggs? No. That is, maybe I should force myself to eat them.  Well, I'll have Bertie call him after a while. Guess I'll have a little breakfast now. Bertie! Mr. Gillslee, I'll start your... Yes, Bertie, I'm not going to the office today. You see, I don't feel very well. Oh, I'm sorry to hear that, Mr. Gillslee. It's just a little cold. Well, you stay right here at home and Bertie will take care of you. Yeah, thank you. Guess I'll have my eggs now. Mr. Gillslee, you can't have no eggs. Huh? Not with a cold. That Bertie's not going to let you have any breakfast at all. What? You can have just a little grapefruit juice, and that's all. But Bertie! You know what they say? It's starve a cold and feed a fever. Bertie, isn't that the other way around? Feed a cold and... No, sir, that's old fashioned. I just read the other day you starve a cold and feed a fever. But Bertie!  Yeah. Bertie, I... That's right.  Why didn't I say I had a fever? This is a life, all right. Staying home, just sitting here in my den, taking it easy. Let's see what's in the paper. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Cotton. Hey, Al, can I have the comics? Leroy, what are you doing here? You're going to be late for school. Are you kidding? I don't have any school today. No school? Why not? They're rehearsing for the graduation exercises. Oh, dear. Sure. I can keep you a couple of year all day. That's what you think. You go on outside and play, Leroy. Can I read the comics first? No, you can't. Go on now.  Oh, for corn shape. That kid. Guess I'll read the comics myself. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Larva nanny got away from Axel again. What the? The makers of Aunt Nelly's Buckwheat cake flower, the wheat cakes that buck you up, presents Kitty Kavanaugh of Kielcock Falls, a real life story of just plain folks. Oh, my goodness. Bernie! Bernie! Bernie! Yes, Mr. Kiel, please. Bernie, do we have to have that radio on saloon? What's that? The radio. Oh, yes. That's a wonderful program, Mr. Kiel. See if I hear it every morning. I know, Bernie, but I... I turned it up good and loud so I can hear the kitchen when I'm doing the dishes. Oh, well, couldn't you just... Can you hear it in here all night? I certainly can. That's good. And now for our story. Excuse me, Mr. Kiel, Steve, I don't want to miss this. Yesterday, just when Ronald and Kitty were walking down the aisle together to fight their trots, Martin suddenly appeared like a ghost from the past, and Ronald found out the truth. Martin had been secretly engaged to Kitty at the time when Ronald had been in love with Ruth, the adopted daughter of Ben, the town banker. Who could untangle these lies? It's not me. And was there a more sinister reason for his return? Who cares? I'm going out in the backyard. Or he may have just come back to say goodbye. That's what I say, goodbye. Nice out here. Nice time of year, all right. Hammock looks pretty inviting. Might lie down for a while. Hmm, better get a new hammock this year. This one's getting pretty old. Ropes look weather-beaten too. Oh, well, I guess it'll hold me. It's hard to get in these things. I made it. This is comfortable. Everybody else at work. And here I am. The sky sure looks blue today. Just a few little clouds. Funny how clouds look like different things. There's one that's shaped like a goat. Reminds me a judge hooker. What's that? Bumblebee. What's he coming around me for? I'm no flower. Go away, bee. Go away. Looks like he's circling for a landing. I'm trapped in this hammock. I say if you don't move, a bee won't sting you. I'll just lie real still. He's coming closer. I won't move. He's around my nose. Probably thinks it's a gladiola blob. He landed. He's walking up my nose. I'll just hold still. No, I won't go away. He's gone now. He's gone. Darn bee. Almost made me fall out of the hammock. Well, I'll get settled down again. Warm out here in the sun. Makes me drowsy. Oh my goodness, Leroy.  I want you two to stop this racket. Go play over at Craig's house. We weren't playing over there. His mother kicked us out. I don't blame her. Go play someplace else. We don't have to. What's that? And you can make us. Oh, look here, Craig. I'm a little sick. Look, I don't have to explain it to you. Get out of here. I don't. What is it, Leroy? You better get out of break. Nonsense, my boy. It won't break. It won't, too. You're too fast. Oh, blue squirt. I'm going to go. Now, you two be quiet out here. We'll be back with a great gilded sleeve in just a minute. You know, friends, Birdie is certainly right when she says that... That parquet margarine sure does taste good. And millions of women agree they buy parquet margarine just because it tastes so good. My sentiment's exactly. They know parquet is a top quality product because it's made by craft. They know it's nourishing because it's made from only carefully selected farm products and because each delicious pound is enriched with 15,000 units of important vitamin A. I don't know about vitamins, but I know what tastes good. Women have learned that this delicious, fresh-flavored spread is economical, too. Yes, parquet margarine is a real money saver. It sure helps the old food budget. I know. Tasty parquet margarine is the perfect topping for bread, rolls, muffins, pancakes, and waffles. It's nourishing. It's economical. And like I said, it tastes so good. Right, Birdie. Parquet is the better buy for both bread and budget. Try appetizing parquet margarine one time, and you'll serve it from then on. That's P-A-R-K-A-Y parquet margarine made by craft. Well, the great Yolders leaves little scheme of playing sick isn't working out very well. It's afternoon now, and the great man is in the living room. He's had no rest and no food except grapefruit juice. Now, you drink that, Mr. Gillesleep. Birdie, I've had seven glasses already. It's running out of my ears.  Yes, but if I don't eat Birdie, I'm going to waste away. I wouldn't worry, Mr. Gillesleep. You've got a lot to waste away on. Birdie, couldn't I just have a tiny little sandwich? I'm sorry, Mr. Gillesleep, but you know what they say. You've got to starve a cold and feed a feed. Yeah, what a day this has been. Should have gone to work. At least I could have answered. Birdie's starting to clean house. Maybe I can sneak out from the kitchen, steal something out of the refrigerator. My tiptoe, mustn't that Birdie hear me? I'll be as quiet as a little mouse. Floor squeaks like it just made the kitchen. I'll open the door real easy. Hiya! What are you doing in that refrigerator? I was just getting a piece of cake. You know you're not supposed to eat cake between meals, not go offside and play. What are you doing out in the kitchen, huh? Kitchen? Well, I lost my way. I thought this was a dent. Ah! Leroy! If I told Birdie you were out here, boy! Well, I guess one piece of cake won't hurt a growing boy. Thanks, Doc. The refrigerator's on yours. Darn kids getting too smart. Let's see here. Food, uh, lamb chops. I guess they wouldn't be any good raw. What's this wrapped up in wax paper? Mmm, fried chicken legs. There's some craft cheese. Let's see. What'll I have first? The scale please! Hello, Birdie. What are you doing in that refrigerator? Well, my head felt a little hot. Just thought I'd stick it in there and cool it off. Well, you get right back on that sofa. You can't have nothing. All right, Birdie. That's one time I fooled, Birdie. You didn't see me take that chicken leg. Got it in my pocket here. Pretty smooth, yellowishly. Yeah, here it is. Mmm. Food at last. Who's that? Ah, Tim! Oh, hello, sir. Oh, Booker. Who asked him over the old windbag? I understand our water commissioner is slightly under the weather today. Yeah, he's got a cold. I thought I'd drop by and cheer up the in the lake. He's coming in a better lie down full of blanket over me. I'll act real sick. Maybe I can get rid of him. Hello, Gail there. Hello, Gail. You sound like you have a bad cold, Gail there. Pretty bad, Gail. Well, I'm sorry to hear that, old friend. In that case, I'll just stay a minute. What? I mean, I wouldn't want you to catch my cold. Here, Gildy, let me tuck you in. There must be a draft. Gildy, what's this? Huh? In this wax paper here. Why, it's a chicken leg. It is? Well, how did it get there?  Me? I could eat a chicken leg in my condition. Well, in that case, I'll eat it. Oh. I'll just sit down here beside you. It's very tasty. Yes, sir, it's really delicious. Hooker, do you have to smack your lips like that? I'm sorry, Gildy. Too bad you're sick. You'd really enjoy this chicken. Oh, goat. There. All finished. I'll just deposit the bone in this ashtray. Well, I really should be going. Yes, judge. Goodbye. Goodbye, old friend. And I hope tomorrow finds you in... Well, probably not a visitor, Gildy. I could get more rest than this at the office. Why don't people let me alone? It's Peevee. Oh, my goodness. Yes, sir, come right in. Hello, Peevee. Good afternoon, Jack. Hello, Mr. Gildy. Hello, Peevee. I thought I'd jump by and inquire after your health. I left the drug store in the care of Mrs. Peevee. Well, thanks for coming over. I suppose you're in a hurry to get back to Mrs. Peevee. I wouldn't say that. Are you feeling any better, Mr. Gildy? Right now, I feel horrible. Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.  I don't need a doctor. All I need is to be left alone. Well, you shouldn't take any chances, old friend.  Suppose you take his pulse. Now, look here, fellas. Go ahead, Gildy. Go ahead, Gildy. Well, I don't know if that would be ethical. I'm not an MD. I'm just a pharmacist. But we can't refuse to help a friend in his hour of need. Oh, well, I'll put it that way.  Excuse me, Mr. Gildy. I may have your wrist, Peevee. Thank you. I feel just like Dr. Gildy. How's his pulse? No, I can't find it. Well, everybody has a pulse. The Gildy Peeve doesn't. I do, too. Uh-oh, here it is. I feel it now. Bumpity, bumpity, bumpity. These gods. Wait a minute, Peevee. Get my watch out. We have time, Miss. When I give you the signal, you start counting. Are you ready? Ready. Look, fellas. On your mark. Get set. Go. Bumpity, bumpity. No, no, no, no, no. Count, Peevee. Uh-oh. One, two, three, four, five. This whole thing is ridiculous, huh?   I am not.  Ten, eleven, twelve, fifteen. Now, who's that? I'll get it. Well, another visitor. When you're ill, Gildy, that's when you learn who your true friends are. Everyone that platters thee is no friend in misery. Twenty-one, twenty-two. Words are easy like the wine. Faithful friends are hard to find. Oh, brother. He's right in there, baby. That's Miss Fairchild. What? Well, what's this about you being sick?  Well, well, well. Good afternoon, Miss Fairchild. Hello, Judge. Hello, Mr. Peevee. Hello, forty-five, forty-six, forty-seven. Mercy. What's he doing? Mr. Peevee is taking Gildy's pulse with Maya's sister. Well, isn't that cute, you two playin', doctor. Yes. Well, I'm glad you came over, Adeline. Well, I thought you'd be here all alone, so I wanted to come over and keep you company. Well, I will be alone in just a minute. The judge and Peevee were just leaving. Weren't you, Horace? Well, now, put up more than that. It's nice to rush your friends off like that. Friend? And don't look so grouchy. You'll never get well that way. How would you like a little Adeline to cheer you up? Well. I'll turn on the radio and we'll get some music. A splendid idea. A splendid idea. There. Isn't that pretty? I just love waltzes. I wish we could dance, Drockmorton. Too bad you're sick. Funny, I feel better now. Maybe I could get up. Adeline, you just lie back there. You're sick, you know. But, judge. Mr. Fairchild, I was quite a waltzer in my youth. Would you care to tread a measure with me? Why, I just love to, sir. But Adeline, you came over to see me. Fine friends. Having a party while I'm sick. Well, I could be sick. Hold on tight now. We're going to spin. Whee! There's a light on my feet. I could just fly out the window. Not a bad idea.  I'm living too. I'm living in pain. Rockmorton, are you in pain? Why, we ought to be ashamed of ourselves. Huh? Dancing and having a good time and all while you're lying here sick. It's all right. Oh, no, it isn't. There. You shouldn't be having a party right here in front of you. I'm going to show all these people out of here. Uh-huh. Now, take them over to my house. All right. We can carry on the party over there where we won't disturb you. A party? Why, that's splendid, Miss Fairchild. I am in rather a festive mood. So am I. One hundred and thirty-eight. One hundred and thirty-eight. We'll leave right now, Rockmorton, so you can get some rest. But I'd like. I'll fix a pickup dinner and we can invite all our friends. Can't you stay with me, I'd like? No, no, go there. You said you wanted to be alone. We'll miss Rockmorton. You get a good rest now, you hang on. What? The only thing. What is it? I'm reporting. You have a pulse of a hundred and seventy-five. Oh, what's the use? On the doorstep. Come on, Mr. Gilseed. Oh, pretty. How do I look? Oh, you look fine, Mr. Gilseed. You've all dressed up and everything. Thank you. I guess I'd better be getting over to Adelines Party. Kind of surprising. You sure got well in a hurry. Yes, I did. Guess that grapefruit juice did it. I knew I was right. You stopped? Yes, yes, you were right, buddy. Well, how do we get it? Somebody at the door. I'll get it. Wait a minute, Bertie. Let's see who it is first. I'll just peek out of the window here. God's it's the mayor. I'm supposed to be sick. What'll I do? I'll lie down on the sofa here. Mr. Gilseed, what are you doing? Bertie, throw that blanket over me quick. Huh? I thought you were all wet. I was. I just had a relapse.  No, Bertie. Get the door. Yes, sir. Just pull this blanket up. Well, I'll get rid of him. Good evening, ma'am. Good evening. Good evening. All right. Drop by and see how Mr. Gilseed is feeling. Well, he ain't feeling so good right now. You said it. Hello, Gilseed. How do you feel? Hello, Mr. Mayor. Well, I knew you had to stay home from the office today, but I didn't realize you were so sick. Yes. I guess I've got it pretty bad. Why, Mr. Gilseed, do you have your hat on? Hat? Oh. Yes. I have to keep my head warm. Pretty raffy in here. Oh. Don't come too close, Mr. Mayor. I wouldn't want you to catch it. Well, I... In fact, it's dangerous for you to be in the same room. Well, maybe you're right. Perhaps I'd better go now. Yes, good idea. Good night, Mr. Gilseed. And I hope you'll be up on your feet very soon. I'll be on my feet all right. As soon as you get out of here. Well, I'd better be on my way. Ms. Fairchild is expecting me. Ms. Fairchild? Yes. Yes, she's having a little party tonight, and she was kind enough to invite me. You're going to the party? Why, yes. I'm sorry you won't be able to join us.  I sure am. The Great Gilseed will be right back, folks. The best things that can be said about Parquet Margarine are said by the millions of homemakers who serve it every day. They say it's delicious, fresh, and wholesome. They say it tastes so good. Yes, millions of women all over America say Parquet Margarine is their favorite spread for rolls, muffins, pancakes, and waffles, as well as bread. Next time you shop, ask for Parquet Margarine. You'll love that tasty, fresh flavor. You'll like the fact that Parquet is a real money saver. Try Parquet, the margarine of craft quality. It's the better buy for both bread and budget, that P-A-R-K-A-Y Parquet Margarine. Okay. What you for? Larm. Time to get up and go to work. Got the sniffles. I'm good at hitting, too. This time I'm really getting a cold. Maybe I'd better stay home today. No, I'll never do that again. I'm going to work. Good morning. I mean, good night, folks. The Great Gelder City was played by Harold Perry, Adeline Fairchild by Miss Yulia Merkel. The show is written by Gene Stone and Jack Robinson with music by Jack Neakin and sound effects by Monty Fraser. Included in the cast are Walter Tetley, Louise Erickson, Lillian Randolph, Earl Ross, and Richard Legrand. This is John Wall saying good night for the Craft Foods Company, makers of the famous line of craft quality food products. Tomorrow night, don't forget Al Jolson on the Craft Music Hall, heard over most of these NBC stations. Don't miss it. I won't. Remember, tomorrow night, for exact time, see your local paper. And be sure to listen in next Wednesday and every Wednesday for the further adventures of the Great Gelder Slee. 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