Very much All right, so We're gonna do this sort of like I guess stand-up comedy because I have a handheld microphone right now So who am I as was mentioned? I'm a technology evangelist at Docker So I work for Docker Incorporated, which is the company behind the Docker project I spent the first half of my career doing IT networking. It's just admin stuff But that was a long time ago. So I was a certified Banyan engineer There's always there's always like one or two people that are like wow, that's old And then I was a Microsoft certified systems engineer on Windows NT 3.1. So that's how long ago that was So then I moved in second half of my career I've been doing a lot of product management and technical marketing for Docker most recently before that I was at puppet labs So that was sort of my open-source exposure Coming into puppet labs before that I spent about six years at VMware sort of from 98 to right 2005 or 2008 2015 and then before that it's been six years at Microsoft where I did a bunch of stuff on IT admin features and functionality for versions of Windows starting with Windows 2000 or NT 5 whatever whatever it was called If you've ever installed Windows XP and you've ever read the text that says Windows XP will be faster and more reliable I wrote that text. So that's my claim. Well, my other claim to flame Microsoft is I was on stage with Bill Gates in an earthquake So there's that too. I come from an IT pro background I'm not a developer when I pretend to be a developer. You'll see painfully obviously how I am not a developer But if we get to a demo then we'll see that you can follow me on Twitter I tweet mostly about soccer and the Portland Timbers occasionally about work so Why are we sitting here today? So first I'm gonna start with the informal poll question We'll start at the at the at the high end and move down to the More beginner end. How many of you are deploying per containers in production today in your company or in your organization? That's actually really good. Normally like I just did container world and I had a room of about a hundred people And I had six people in production How many of you have? Downloaded Docker and have done a POC with it. So you're planning to go to production How many of you have downloaded Docker and run something like a hello world app or a demo app? How many of you are brand-new to containers and are here because you just want to learn? It seems like everybody the same people all raised their hands It was about 25 25 25 so we're gonna we're gonna spend some time on what is Docker to get people up to speed So if you're familiar with it You know bear with me we'll get into a little bit deeper stuff But as you get familiar with containers as you start moving into that journey questions come up, right? Especially if you come from a how many of you are developers How many of our sys admins? So 50 50 so this talk is really aimed at people coming from the sys admin perspective like what are these things? I need to know about right so when do I use a container? When do I use a virtual machine if I'm going to deploy containers? Do I put them on a physical box or a virtual box right? Do I go do they go in the cloud? They go in the data center, you know all of those different things So we're gonna talk a little bit about how you answer those questions actually I'm gonna give you the questions to ask to answer the questions You wish that I would answer for you because I can't answer your questions and well you'll understand Why as I go through the presentation So we're gonna talk about what our containers and what containers are not containers are not virtual machines When I when I first started a docker Summer of 2015 Everybody like oh, it's like we're virtualization. I've heard docker. It's lightweight virtual so the lightweight VMs. They're not VMs They're totally different. They have different architecture. They have different benefits So you think about a virtual machine a virtual machine is a house, right? It's fully self-contained. It has its own Heating its own plumbing its own air conditioning. It has its has a front door So you can't just bust into it, right? It's got a little bit of security there little isolation thinking about a virtual machine It's a self-contained operating system Ground the entire OS is in there, right? And if I'm running let's say I'm running a couple of servers and their web servers and I need to have a third for capacity I spin up a virtual machine. I spin up a whole new operating system. I spend I build a whole new house There's nothing shared between those houses, right? I would say maybe the sewer and that'd be like the network, but that might offend the network guys So I won't say that So so right VMs like monolithic fully self-contained if you need more capacity You expand them out, right? Houses can be different like in they can kind of look different, right? Like you can have one house that's kind of a big two-story house next to a one-story house And they're different sizes, but houses only get so small first house. I ever bought was about 800 square feet It was two bedrooms a bathroom a living area and a kitchen, right? That's the most houses I could find when you talk about proper houses I could talk about micro houses, but they break my analogy and some of them made out of containers and they really break my analogy So we'll stick on like normal houses So and that's like VMs right even if you go and you shrink them down You're usually looking at a couple hundred megabytes to get it in a VM Right and sometimes you're talking 10 20 30 40 gigabytes, right? They get really big So containers, how are they different? So think about containers as apartments inside of an apartment building So an apartment building is the Docker host the Docker host is any computer physical or virtual Cloud data center, whatever that runs the Docker engine the Docker engine, you know, I'm talking There's a lot of different container runtimes I'm going to talk about Docker, right? But this whole idea of like container runtimes pretty much This is exactly the same in all of them, right? so you've got it you've got a system running a the Docker engine or container runtime and That's like the doorman at the apartment now What makes an apartment different than a house? Well one of the fundamental things is it shares the infrastructure It shares the heating the plumbing the air conditioning, right? It shares the the elevator containers are processes Inside an operating system. They share the underlying kernel in the operating system, right? So unlike a virtual machine which has its own kernel containers share that resource That means there's a couple of big benefits It means there's also a couple of limitations as with respect to virtual machines the big limitation is that every container Running on that host has to be from that host family, right? So You cannot run a windows container on a Linux Host you cannot run a Linux container on a Windows host, right? Because they share the kernel, but you can have a host that's running Sentos and you can run an Alpine Linux container on it or a Red Hat Linux container on it or an Ubuntu Linux container on it, right? As long as the the architectures are the same of the underlying hardware those things are just going to move along But like houses we have a front door Right, so a container is isolated can't just bust into it and then The containers can be quite small someone they're doing a kind of a informal if you if you want to get on a little informal competition on Twitter One of the Docker, I don't know if he's a captain or not, but he's an aficionado at least a community member hacker Pose the question. How can what's the smallest hello world container you can write? So what's the smallest container you can write that says hello Docker, right? And so anybody want to guess what the size is that the smallest I've seen? 68 bytes for that container. So that's a full running container 68 bytes I you know I have an Alpine Linux container that's two two point six megabytes That's a full operating system, right? And so containers are much much smaller than virtual machines the other thing or they can be right the other thing Is that in a container because it's booting up a process? It's not booting up an operating system. They start really fast They start in about three-eighths of a second compared to a virtual machine taking several minutes to boot so fundamental differences shared resources versus dedicated resources a little bit faster a little bit smaller but sort of Very homogeneous in the network or excuse me in the in with respect to the operating systems you run But just because they're different doesn't mean they're mutually exclusive, right? What you see is most people See you see what's on the my left. You're right there where people are taking Containers and they're running them inside of virtual machines, right? They go in they they spin up Linux VM or Windows VM. How many of you knew that there was containers on Windows now a Handful of you. Okay. I don't have that my slides. I know this is the Linux expo But how many of you run environments that are 100% Linux with no windows at all in them? So like 20% like you know So for the rest of you Containers are also available on Windows Server 2016 I won't get into it in a lot of depth But just know that there are such a thing as Windows containers They use the exact same API the exact same CLI as the Linux containers do right but they're based on Windows operating systems Not Linux operating systems So you could in this example here one of those one of these blocks could be a Windows Server 2016 machine with Windows containers The other could be a Linux virtual machine with Linux containers Then you could just have a traditional VM over there doing whatever or you can run them on bare metal You can have a host OS running on a on a piece of Hardware and you can install the Docker engine the thing is it doesn't matter right if these are Linux containers They can move from the left to the right seamlessly Regardless of the distribution underneath right so I've and in in tests. I'm running sent to us and production I'm running red hat whatever. It doesn't matter. We can move across there So and like I said, there's and there's really good reasons for each of these architectures And I'll get into them in future slides. So one thing I want to talk about today With regards to the Docker project. We just announced this today. So I have this in here And so this might be of interest to everybody. So today we announced. We're actually releasing Two version so we've splitting the project not splitting the project, but we're splitting it up into two specific releases, right? So Docker is a commercial company, right? I work for a software company called Docker that happens to manage the open source project Docker And we wanted to make sure people understood that there were a couple different ways to get Docker So the first is enterprise edition and I won't spend a lot of time talking about this because it's a it's a commercial offering It's stuff that we sell but basically it takes the Docker The Docker technologies it bundles them up into releases for people who want support and they want some advanced features Then we have community edition which is the same Docker that people have been using forever under open source, right? So it's great for do-it-yourself organizations or hobbyists or all kinds you know that kind of folks We're gonna be on a quarterly release With those with every month you'll get an edge what's called an edge release, right? So what used to be like experimental or beta you're gonna be able to see like okay, I'm on 17.3 edge, right? And that's the that's the sort of beta upcoming releases And then we do maintenance and support on the on the community edition for four months for each version We do it for a year on the enterprise edition enterprise edition also comes with a whole bunch of certified Certification stuff and I think I have a slide on that where we've certified a bunch of ISPs a bunch of hardware So this is new and you're gonna hear more about it, but I just wanted to bring it up since we were here this morning We're also going to talk a little bit about editions, right? And I'll talk about editions at the end, but I wanted to explain what an edition is An edition is any way you get Docker running on your machine. So I have a whole getting started section But we release Docker for Windows, Docker for Mac, Docker for Azure, Docker for AWS, right? And those are ways for you to get up and running and integrate with whatever platform you're running on So when you think of something like Amazon, it's gonna take into account load balancers It's gonna take into account S3 storage, it's gonna take into account the VPCs and the Natting and everything you need to run It'll stand up Docker, build all that infrastructure out for you, that's something you can get with Community Edition Thoroughly free if you're running on AWS, it's the fastest way to get up and running We'll talk about that a little bit more later Skip this slide So the idea basically is with the Docker platform, regardless of whether you want to pay for your software or not We're gonna give you one platform, right? And the idea here is that the promise of Docker and at the end of the day, why people deploy it Is that they want to be able to write an application, have the developer write an application on their workstation And have that seamlessly flow through the environment and move from developers to QA into production And they want to be able to do that on Linux and they want to be able to do that on Windows And they want to do it on premise and they want to do it in the cloud, right? And any type of app When I joined Docker, everybody was like, oh yeah, it's containers, it's only for microservices And what we're seeing is most of our customers today are not exclusively using Docker for microservices And I'll give an example later Companies are taking traditional applications out of VMs, containerizing them and putting them onto Docker For a number of different reasons which we'll go through So if you've got homegrown applications, ISV applications, microservices, it doesn't matter, right? All of that, moving that And if you're on community edition today and you want to move to enterprise edition, great, it'll just work Okay, so now that I've been speaking for like 15 minutes, some of you were in there like, just answer the question Like the question I came here to get answered But the thing is like, one does not simply answer the question without doing a bunch of marketing stuff Besides, you wouldn't like the answer, right? So this picture, so when I was at VMware, I would get this question And actually, who thinks, I want to hear what you guys would say What is the number one question I answered when I was at VMware? Yeah, well that was number two, but Because I didn't actually, people ask me how much it costs, I'd be like, I have no idea, I don't sell software Okay, so the number one question I got was, how many VMs can I run on my server? What's the answer? It depends So I would always, if I was feeling kind of nice, I would say it depends If I was feeling surly, I would say, how many plants can I get in my car? Because it depends on your car, it depends on the plant So my car is, I used to have a suburban, it was a better analogy when I had my suburban My wife has a Honda Fit, right? So I could clearly carry more plants than her Well, no, because I'm carrying Ficus trees and she's carrying pansies So there isn't an easy answer to this, right? There's a lot of variables to consider So when you think about, you say, okay, well, I understand what a container is, but I still don't know what I'm going to do with it There's all these things you have to think about So I went back and we go back a couple of slides And I talked about this idea of, you know, mixing and matching your workloads This is all about capacity planning and, you know, somewhat about licensing costs But if you think about where VMware came from So 2008, VMware was really picking up steam And the number one use case was, I stand here all day Legacy, I'm sure, but the problem we were trying to solve was resource utilization, right? Because you had all these servers out there and they were all running at 30% utilized, but you couldn't mix the workloads So then we said we put the database and the exchange server and the IIS server into VMs And we can now put them on one physical server And I now have a machine running at 80% utilization instead of 30% utilization So I'm spending a lot less money on hardware That's where we came from If you're sitting there today on your first stages of your container journey And you don't have enough capacity to drive the server utilization You'd be foolish, you know, if your number one concern was capacity utilization To put that on bare metal, right? Because you would be wasting money on that hardware So capacity planning and mixing workloads But now if you go, wait a minute though, I have a security implication And there are security implications that say I cannot run this workload on a shared kernel Like there's some, you know, there's a law or there's a security policy or there's a regulation or something Then you're like, well, what do I do? Well, I put it in a VM then, right? Because I have to, because in a lot of people still consider Well, I mean, it is a shared kernel technology, right? And so they are like, ah, we can't do that. It's just a policy, we can't do it So if you have multi-tenancy requirements, right? And especially in the Linux space, in the Windows space there's this thing called a A Windows container with Hyper-V isolation, which we're not going to get into But if you're interested in that, find me afterwards and I can tell you about it So you're like, well, I have to go in a VM, even though I have enough capacity But so I'm going to go, I'm going to go VM But wait a minute, I really care about performance and latency Well, okay, then you're probably going to go bare metal Because containers always run faster on bare metal They run faster than virtual machines They run faster than containers in virtual machines They are fastest on bare metal So you're sitting there and you work for a financial trader in New York City A company who just paid 70 million dollars to relocate their data center Two miles closer to reduce their latency by, you know, three milliseconds Because they do that kind of thing when you're dealing with like, billions of dollars in trades So then you're like, well, I don't care if that server is 15% utilized If it's 3% faster, I'm going to go ahead and spend that money You know, so there's that So anyway, if you think about it, there's a lot of different variables in there The only one I haven't really touched on is And some of you are sitting out there and you're like, well, I'm a vSphere admin All my tooling is vSphere, all my tooling is KVM, all my tooling is Hyper-V All my tooling is Puppet, all my tooling is Chef, all my tooling is Ansible So you've got these existing automation frameworks And you've got these existing skill sets So you look at that and you say, well, it just doesn't make sense for me to go 100% into containers right now Like, I want to keep what I've done with vRealize automation or vCake or whatever it is So that's another thing where you look at it and you say, you know, how am I going to make this transition With my skill set and my staff and the people who have to do the work Because a lot of people, especially on this admin side, they come into containers Because someone walked into their office one day and said, hey, the new app is ready It's in a container, go ahead and put it in production And you're left with this slide and you're left with, well, I don't know how to capacity plan for that I don't know how to secure that, I don't know how to do that So we're going to take a look at two examples And we're going to talk about first consolidation and compute consolidation And then we'll talk a little bit about security So VM consolidation, so this slide is actually based on some testing we did with Hewlett Packard So HP and then we had an independent consultant named Brett Fisher went out and they took suspension They ran suspension, what they did is they took suspension, they said, okay, on this physical server We're going to create eight virtual machines and we're going to run suspension them And then we're going to measure the output So let's just say for grins that each machine or each VM could do a thousand transactions per second So 8,000 total transactions, right? So then they said, well, what happens if we put that in containers? So let's just use one big giant virtual machine So they took the eight VMs that were using 16 cores and 16 VCPUs and 32 gigs of RAM And they made one big VM that was 16 VCPUs and 32 gigs of RAM Just again, kind of just making up these details really Kind of making this whole thing up, actually that's not true, this is actually a true study And what they found was just by moving from eight smaller VMs into a single VM You actually got 27% greater output So where you were running and getting 8,000 transactions total per second You were now getting 10,000 transactions per second Which means if you had a server farm out there You could take 25% of the servers out of the farm and still do the same amount of work By moving from a bunch of smaller VMs into a larger VM and containerizing those workloads So if you had each container represented a different workgroup or some other different workload By bringing those together, the other thing that you've done there Is you're going to use about 30% less storage You're going to use about 7% less RAM You are going to move from managing eight guest operating systems in eight virtual machines To a single guest operating system in a single machine And you're going to reduce your data center footprint, right? So less electricity, less cooling, less real estate I will say so, for those of you in the room wanting the technical details on this One of the things we did have to do was it wasn't a straight just move over We did some stuff with pinning and affinity to make sure that the workloads went to the right CPUs And there is a 50-page white paper on this available from Humboldt Packard So if you follow me on Twitter, I will tweet the link out to that paper after this talk And it goes into all the detail of how we did it, right? So if you're sitting back there, you're like, well, jeez, okay, there's a benefit So if you do that exact same experiment And you go, okay, now I'm going to take eight VMs And I'm going to move into eight containers running on bare metal So no virtualization at all, you get a 47% output increase So you go from doing 8,000 transactions per second to about 12,000 transactions per second Again, I'm just using those numbers to make them easy to, you know, because they're even whole numbers But what it basically means is, if you were doing a server farm You could take two of those servers out, right? It's a little trickier if you say, well, I have one server doing the work because of the affinity and the pinning So that sort of example works better when you talk about using server farms But if you were just on a single server, you would still get more output from that box than you were before So again, storage savings, operating system management savings You go from managing eight guest OSes and eight virtual machines to running a single host OS Running on bare metal, right? So you have the bare metal server, your Linux operating system And the Docker engine and eight containers out there running So that is, you know, the VM to bare metal consolidation So things to think about then, so you're like, all right, so that's interesting So what do you got to do, right? Like, so higher density Like containers are going to give you higher density than you're used to having So just think about that, right? Because they're lightweight processes, you know, you're going to just get more of them in there They're going to be more responsive Bare metal or bigger VMs, right? So do you want to now look at getting rid of virtualization altogether in some use cases? Well, if you don't have to worry about multi-tenancy, right? That's, you know, if your existing tool set lets you do that, right? Then you can get performance gains there So you have to balance those things out And then tuning to optimize, so I mentioned this before, right? We didn't just slam those VMs and just move them over, right? We had to do some work with the affinity and the pinning on the CPUs The white paper details exactly what we did But by, you know, by tuning it a little bit, right? And it took the consultant, you know, a couple of days to figure that out, right? He made an investment about, you know, I think most of us would invest 16 hours to get 47% performance gains That's a pretty big return on your investment there So that is, you know, the idea of like capacity planning and some real quick overview on that But that's an indication of the things you need to start thinking about We're not, you know, you don't want to just go into it on this mindset of, oh, they're exactly the same We can just sort of do this one-to-one mapping Because things are going to change for you So what about security, right? I put this in here because probably the number one, well it's not really the number one But one of the top five questions I get about Docker containers is what about security, right? Most people, when they say Docker container security They worry about like exploits that allow you to break out of the container Which have happened, right? They've been there We work very hard to protect against those as do all the members of the community But security is more than that, right? When we look at security, we think about end-to-end security And how you can do that And we look at it now from this perspective of like there's three things that we really care about with security The first is that it's usable Because if you make security unusable, if you make it hard They're going to circumvent it, right? They're going to write that 15 character password on a post-it note And they're going to slap it on the side of their monitor They're going to use the same password for every system Like I'm guilty of that I'm not guilty of that Do not try to hack me Anyway, so we know this, this is a common edict, right? And you want to have a way to move things around in a secure manner It's not just about what's happening when the container is running What happens in that application through the entire life cycle? How do I guarantee that the application that I'm putting in production is what I think it is? How do you know when you deploy a VM that it's actually the VM you think it is? How do you know that somebody didn't come in and swap that VM out? And you're looking at it and it says, Master Golden Image 216.17.7 And you think you've got the right version How do you know that I didn't come in last night and change that and just rename it? You don't, I don't think, maybe you do And then whatever you do with that container, whatever you do to define that security policy It needs to follow that container regardless of where that container exists Infrastructure independence, right? So my security works on my MacBook, my security works in the cloud, it works on my data center All of that equals safer apps So how do we do that, right? Things to think about when you're looking at deploying containers in production around security One is application secrets How many of you pass, okay, we're gonna do it like they used to do in Sunday school Everybody close your eyes so nobody has to be embarrassed How many of you pass passwords using environment variables or in static config files? Come on, alright, there's a few brave souls I think more people than raise their hand do it, right? We all know that there's an inherent risk to that, right? So how do you pass that stuff securely? How do you maintain a workflow that works for your developers and your operations team? And then how do you set up a system that out of the box is already secure? So we're gonna talk about those things in a little more detail I think, hold on We're gonna talk a lot about secrets So in here the image signing and image scanning and verification So these are functions available through Docker Image signing and verification is fully open source It uses something called Notary, which is based on the update framework The image scanning is actually a paid service That you can have added to your private repos on Docker Hub Or you can have it added to your Docker Data Center Enterprise Edition thing But what they do is they work in concert So the idea is with image signing, I as an operations person provide a base image to you So you're going to write a Java application So I hand you a Java app, a Java image And I've signed it digitally So as a developer, as an operations person You can configure Docker to only run signed images So I'm a developer, I pull down the Java image And I try to run it, Docker verifies the signature that runs I add my code, I sign it So now it's been signed that it has the right base image It's been signed that the application you're about to deploy has come from one of your developers And then it goes to QA And it goes through the testing process or whatever And then the CICD system or whoever signs it Before I can put it in production I can verify that it's been signed based on a secure base image That my developer wrote it and that it's been through our testing cycles And that's what we mean by the secure software supply chain That's the marketing term for it As we move through each step in the process We can verify that it's been working So the other thing is image scanning So again, this is a commercial thing But just for completeness of the story Once the container is running When containers get stored on something called a registry It's a server to store your Docker images Your container images When you push an image, when you send it up to the registry When it hits the registry, we can scan it We do a bit-level scan on it We can break it down We know everything running in that image And we can list all the vulnerabilities out for you So we can say, look, this image has these known vulnerabilities Based on this CVE database And the CVE databases will be updated regularly And will re-scan for you So once you put a container in production We will tell you if anything is ever discovered against that container So that you can go out and then re-mediate it It's this ongoing security vulnerability scanning A couple other things We talked about secure by default The idea of full TLS encryption Across all the communication between the containers Or the host in the system And that all information is passed over secure channel by default And then as you deploy in production And you start getting into a little bit of the Again, a commercial feature Users and role-based access control So syncing with Active Directory and LDAP for user information And then using that to apply granular permissions So that when you put a container in production If it's a production version of the container Only the ops team can modify it The development team can see it Or maybe they can't, but they can't modify it Or any level of permissions in there Based on these labels that you apply So being able to go through and ensure That only the people who should have access to the Those containers do it Regardless of where it's running Regardless of the system that it's on We should be able to do that So we already know what this is I want to make sure there's anything I didn't really talk about the secrets But let me... I'm going to use this slide because I want to get done here In the next 10 or 15 minutes So a couple things on secrets management This is actually new in the latest release of Docker So what we basically do is We use Docker swarm mode So we're going to come up next We're going to talk about Kubernetes Kubernetes is a clustering and orchestration system Docker has one called swarm mode And in the cluster managers So the cluster is a bunch of managers Managing a bunch of workers In those managers we store We can store the secrets Now they're encrypted by default at rest In the store, right? And they're encrypted while they're sent Across the network And those secrets will only be sent To systems that actually Are running containers that need them So if you've got 10 servers And only two of them are running the database We're only going to send the secrets To those two machines They are never stored on the disk On those worker nodes They're mounted in an in-memory file system So you don't have to shred the disks Because those machines go away Because nothing was ever written to them In that regard And the other thing we have Is we have something called cryptographic node identity So those worker nodes can't be spoofed You cannot go into And say, oh, I'm worker 7 Because worker 7 was cryptographically signed By the manager And so we can verify that identity So there's a lot of protection built into that So if you kind of look at This right here The RAF consensus group is all those managers That's the data store We put the secrets up there And you can see in the example below We have three workers, but the secrets are only put down Under workers 1 and 3 Because that's where the containers are running All the communication between those workers And the managers Is encrypted So that's what we When you think about security Don't just say, think about, oh Did I patch this Did I Is the container Isolated Think about the entire end-to-end story Think about protecting stuff In ways you actually maybe hadn't thought about before Being able to adopt different ways Of managing sensitive information So we talk about passwords here But you can send anything through a secret You can send Directory Environment variables, directory structures Whatever you want to send So why do we even start? So why do we even start? Sometimes I start with this And sometimes I end with it Because I think it's hard to understand it If you don't have a little bit more information About what containers do So we start by Just being faster Just being quicker Being able to Run CICD pipelines on containers And you can cut the time to do a test cycle Of containers of magnitude simply because If you're booting up 100 VMs to do scaling testing That's going to take you a couple hours Potentially, and I can boot 100 Containers in 15 seconds So I go from hours to seconds To get my infrastructure And if you think again like CICD I'm not managing A Java build server And a Python build server And a whatever build server I have build servers and they run Docker Or they run some container runtime Because everything my application needs to run Is in the container I don't have to do anything with it That makes all the dependencies Much simpler The dependency to now run Your application on the infrastructure side Is an operating system And the Docker engine You don't ever have to worry about What version of Java is installed on that machine Or I'm a Java developer And you want to send me Python I don't have to worry about any of that anymore Unified toolchain Yep, unified toolchain So the idea that That The CLI and the API that you use Is the same On your MacBook where you're using for development It's the same as your Linux host running up in Azure It's the same as the host running on vSphere It's the same APIs as the same CLIs Oh, and by the way It's the same APIs and CLIs from Linux to Windows Right, so Docker run Is Docker run wherever you type it Docker push is Docker push wherever you type it We talked about that API automation I'm going to Move forward to Actually, I want to talk about this stuff So So you're like, okay cool I don't know where to start I heard that I have to do Microservices The reality is that you can do Any number of different application Paths into Docker Into containers, right So You know, we talked about already Like the benefits of just lifting and shifting Applications, just taking an application And moving it into a container Is going to be more performant Even if you keep it in the VM You're going to get better performance that way You're going to get better portability And a lot of people are doing that We have customers Who we just did an announcement About a company back in New York Like a Fortune 5 company Or Fortune 40, sorry That's doing lift and shift on windows And they're moving a bunch of their applications Into Docker containers And sometimes what people do Is they move them into containers And they start breaking them down So They take a container And they take an application And they say, all right, I'm moving that into a container Now I've got these three applications That have the same authorization Sort of authorization function I'm going to put that in microservice And I'm going to point those applications out of the VM Into the microservice And they start breaking those things down There's this whole continuum between Monoliths and a monolith being A traditional standalone application in microservices And you can be anywhere on that journey You can put it in the container And never worry about it Or you can start breaking it down Or you can just, we've had some customers All up and they blow the whole thing up And they don't do, they just immediately go To microservices The things you have to worry about With containers as you start looking at These monolithic applications Are things like fixed ports And static configs When you have to define the application For different environments And you're talking about a container Where everything is sort of the same That can be problematic But the beauty is, and this is my favorite Thing about Docker This could be my last question I ask you guys How many of you have ever deployed An extremely complex project Exactly 100% correct the first time Oh I saw a guy try to raise his hand over there You guys get his number quick, hire him You guys want that perfection, right? No, and that's the thing about Docker, is that We hear a lot of people that are like We were in the cloud and we realized The economics of the cloud didn't work And so now we want to move back to the data center Super example, common example Super easy to grasp The problem is that if you've done that In EC2 instances And they need to end up over here In a virtual machine, how do you do that? Like that is a serious Engineering effort If they're in Docker containers it's trivial And what I mean by start somewhere Somewhere else is you are able to recover From decisions that you've later Come to realize we're not the right one I don't want to call them mistakes Because we don't make mistakes I thought I was wrong once but I was mistaken But you start somewhere And you do something and you're like This isn't what I want Well it's easy to recover from that And adjust to it and move around on the fly I'm going to skip that So getting started For those of you who are New to Docker and don't have it If you have your Linux machine You can just do curl, SSL, HTTPS And you'll have Docker in about three minutes Now for those of you who do not Want to pipe to shell We have full installation Manual installation instructions Up on our documentation If you want to do Beta builds you could do Test.docker.com If you want to do bleeding edge Any of those will get you up and running All you need on the Linux side Is a kernel greater than 3.1 That's the requirement A kernel greater than 3.1 We've got a whole bunch of Raspberry Pi enthusiasts in here Anybody got Docker running on the Raspberry Pi yet? There's a Company out there called Hyper I call them HyperIat, I don't know how they say their name But they're basically They're all about Docker on Raspberry Pi They're actually doing a DockerCon workshop On getting Docker running on Raspberry Pi at DockerCon this year So even on Raspberry Pi If you are running Windows or Mac, you want to get Docker for Mac Docker for Windows, easy to download It uses the integrated virtualization On the platform It is running to be able to get Docker up and going in a matter of minutes So I'm running on Docker for Mac On Windows it uses Hyper-V, on Mac it uses Xhive, super fast, again The same API, the same CLI It doesn't matter, it's going to work exactly the same way We used to have something called Docker Toolbox, how many of you have used Docker Toolbox? How many of you love virtual box? Some people like virtual box We moved away from it because there were Some limitations on it And that's what we mean by OS integration For stability So if you're in the cloud, if you're using Azure or AWS, we actually have The ability to go out And run a cloud formation template Or the Azure equivalent An ARM template, I think is where they are They basically stand up A Docker cluster You can kick it off in 30 seconds You actually answer like 5 questions And it will build you a full Docker cluster Up in AWS It will integrate with the load balancers and everything So if you start a service on the cluster That needs a firewall port opened It will open the port for you Like that sort of integration I was geeking around the other day And I just said what can I do with this And I deployed a thousand node cluster Like I just said, give me a thousand nodes And it took an hour to provision all the instances But they all came up and I had a thousand node cluster Up and running So that's pretty nice, we do that for Azure and AWS So Walk jog run So you're new to Docker Go out and install Docker for Mac Docker for Windows, put it on your Linux box And just do Docker run hello dash world Right Super easy You could run Mike G Coleman Catweb Or you could get a really cool website That shows random catgifs in a Docker container And then so for me When I came to Docker I knew nothing about containers So I went on and I said what are the things that I could do And someone said why don't you build a CI CD pipeline So I went and found Jenkins and I got a Jenkins container And I built a Jenkins CI CD pipeline With Docker that basically runs the test jobs Pulls the Docker file off a GitHub Builds the container, tests the container If the container is good If the test pass pushes it back up to Docker hub Right, do something like that Or WordPress because WordPress has Multiple components right Build something like that, there's a thousand And one blogs on all these things Go check those out And then once you get that done say Well WordPress is cool but I need Multiple databases on the back end How do I do a replicated database or a sharded database Or a scaled database Or that Jenkins thing was cool But I really want a full CI pipeline Right, I want more than just Getting it to Docker hub, how do I build this If it pushes it into production And what does that look like Build your own Docker files, we didn't talk about that Build your own compose files, get into swarm mode Talked a little bit about swarm mode Didn't talk much about compose These are some of the more advanced features of Docker You can play with, right So at the end of the day I'm not here So I made the comment I'm here to get you the questions that you need to Answer to answer the question that you Wished I would answer for you I can't answer it for you I want to ask what you need to understand Is it facilitation it's importance For application and container Because only you should understand At the level necessary to make That informed decision Putting something in a container does Not abdicate you of the responsibility Of understanding how your application Works and what it does You still need to understand your applications You still need to perform a profile Them all of those sort of things And then pick the right tool for the job they solve and I think they're obviously the the the motion and stuff that we're getting shows that a lot of people are happy with them but it's up to you to decide what the right tool for the job is and my job today was to helpfully give you some more things to think about as you go down that journey. So what's next go ahead and pick a project get your hands dirty you will make mistakes you will do things like inadvertently delete every image on your system or corrupt an entire cluster and have to rebuild it from scratch at 11 o'clock on a Thursday at least I did but join the community so if you're not involved in the darker community we have you know thousands of contributors right we have a bunch of ways for you to get involved everything from just downloading it played with thing and opening issues and letting us know what doesn't work to joining a meet-up like as mentioned I'm the organizer one of the organizers for the Portland meet-up join our community share what you've learned and with that I have about three or four minutes for questions before we need to bring up the next slide so thank you very much and if you have a question let me know and we will do our best I don't know if we have another microphone if I should just run around I think I have to run around okay any questions perfect presentation no questions no this guy's got a question he's gonna ruin it I was born 300 so the gentleman's question was we talked about Docker for Azure Docker for AWS is there Docker for Google cloud I'm not sure that I can tell you that we're working on that but I think I can and I think if it so what we did with what we did had the the way that Azure and AWS came out as we did a private beta where you would send in a request and we would approve you and let you in then we did a public beta I'm not sure where we're at in that process but we are working on Google Cloud most most definitely yep for sure yeah so the question is Docker data center Docker data center is one of the tiers of the enterprise edition so Docker data center is a commercial offering based on a annual subscription that gives you a graphical front end for managing containers if you're a vCenter admin think about vCenter for containers is essentially what Docker data center is but yes it's a paid offering it's part of enterprise edition you can get a 30-day free trial up on Docker.com but I'm not here to sell you anything if you're just using it Docker at home you probably don't need it honestly but I don't outside of the 30-day trial edition I don't think there's anything like that there's some open source projects out there and some emerging things I think Portainer is one of them that kind of gives similar functionality not quite as enterprise ready if you just want a graphical front end you might want to check one of those out for more of a hobbyist thing I'm gonna come over here and I'll come back over here there was I saw way in the back there how does the AWS integration compared to ECS so ECS is each C2 container service it is basically the Amazon offering for sort of managing your containers up on Amazon so couple of big differences one of the big differences is that the ECS integration uses is always going to be behind as far as the Docker engine goes because they have to integrate it back up so I think they're still like on 112 so with Docker for AWS that release is part of the core release that we do so when we release a new version of the engine we automatically update that cloud formation template and all the omis behind it the other part of it is that EC2 uses its own proprietary sort of chain like tool set or whatever commands and so if your developers over here developing on Docker on their MacBook and then it goes into EC2 container services it's completely different set of APIs in a completely different CLI so you kind of break that workflow essentially they basically do the same sort of thing but EC2 is a little more proprietary than say Docker for AWS like Docker for AWS is more open and leverages all the AWS stuff underneath it. Yeah it's a really really good question so gentlemen's question was what how do you relate or what's the practices around config management puppet chef Ansible and containers and I think you know I had a long conversation with the chef guys last week a container world about this most of those vendors are not going to ever recommend that you put agents inside the container right that you want to you want to those you want to treat those containers as sort of immutable and they don't change and so if you do an update to a container that's a bad way to do it you want to update the stuff outside and do the upgrade puppet in particular has done a lot of work to help set up and maintain Docker environments so that's sort of how I see the delineation right how do you build how they use them to build the infrastructure to maybe track the base images puppet has some tooling to do like manifest into Docker files and then chef is doing this thing called habitat which is kind of cool because it's it's actually like a super set of everything right so it it understands that containers are one way to put out applications but that's there's also VMs there's also physical applications so they're kind of taking a more holistic approach but most people most of those companies like when they get to the actual container managing that they leave that to Docker right they leave that to the Dockerfile and the images so any last questions all right well thank you so much for oh one more back here yep in the Oregon sweatshirt yeah gentlemen said gentlemen's question was what what about the performance characteristics of different workloads and how would that input the impact the consolidation ratio that example that I gave today is actually what we consider to be a fairly conservative estimate because that was a CPU bound application right and so applications that are more memory bound you're going to get better consolidation ratios than you will so but you won't know until you test the individual application CPU bound applications probably going to get less of an increase because you're just like some applications are going to eat as much CPU as they possibly can right and then you're not going to be able to do much about that we find that like memory applications that are more memory bound seem to do a better job of consolidating and applications that use a lot of storage you can get really great storage savings because things we essentially have something that's akin to deduplication or thin provisioning built into containers like containers are by their by their definition thin provisioned so if you scale them out the saving the more you scale out the more you save in terms of disk space okay all right with that I have to stop because next time the next speaker but thank you so much for coming out and let me kick off scale I was your last year I loved it I'm glad to be back this year testing testing testing testing testing testing testing testing testing testing hmm testing hello hello hello yeah but they were having trouble with it earlier than the sound guy disappeared hello I mean if you have a chance to actually run and get somebody yeah hello testing testing testing testing


You know, UnitedHealth, there was no flies on that quarter. Once again, UnitedHealth, like J&J, they report perfect quarters. Stocks then go down, and what happens is then you wait a couple days and you buy them. UnitedHealth quarter was a thing of beauty, as it always is. It's also a great play on the total stalemate in Washington.


I'm going to talk about the year's best SF series in particular and the anthology work of David G. Hartwell in general, so stay with me. On my last monthly update I had ordered this from online because it has Story of Your Life by Ted Chang that the movie Arrival is based on. And I read the whole book, that story was good, it was better than the movie. If you'll remember my review of the movie wasn't exactly positive. And I read the rest of the book, it was good, yeah there was good stuff in here. There was only one story that I disliked enough for me to not finish it and that was Rules of Engagement by Michael Flynn. I didn't like the writing style, it was too choppy for me, I couldn't follow really what was going on. When I encountered something like that, I just dropped it. Story of Your Life was okay but I didn't think it was the strongest one in the book. I liked Dance to Strange Musics by Gregory Benford and The Allies by Mark S. Justin. This story was not particularly well written, in fact the writing style was kind of clumsy but the story itself, the plot was very memorable, I'll never really forget it. And the story by Dominic Green called That Thing Over There, yeah I like this one too. I thought it was very reminiscent of Mountains of Madness by Lovecraft, subject matter not writing style. And I also appreciated This Side of Independence by Rob Chilson, this is a double meaning it also refers to the town of Independence, Missouri. So there was some good stuff in here, not my favorite anthology but there was some good strong stuff in here. I want to talk about the year's best SF series, which was started by David G. Hartwell, this is the first volume from 1996. This is one of my problems with the series is that there's not a year number on every cover and there should be, because my question is always, it's the year's best volume six but what year? He never bothered to put the year on there, that's my one real complaint. This first volume has some great stuff in it, in particular Microbe by Joan Slanjewski, she's one of my favorite authors, Robert Sheckley, anything by Robert Sheckley is great. This is Nancy Kress, great names here. But the one that has stuck with me most over the years, the one that I had the greatest emotional reaction to, in fact it's one of the most emotional stories I've ever read was The Ziggurat by Gene Wolfe, it's the story that made me remember his name. This is hard to describe, in some ways a very ugly story. Some of the harshest misogyny I've ever seen, I've only come to realize recently in reading about the story that there are a number of different ways to read the story, literally and psychologically, which give you different meanings. The story that I recommend, despite the severity of the subject matter, it's so well written, it's terrifying and very memorable. But really I wanted to talk about how much I like David G. Hartwell's taste. I've bought a number of his anthologies over the years, particularly the year's best SF series, these are not all the ones I have, I'm sure I have others in my vast collection somewhere, if you're looking closely you'll notice here that I have two copies of Volume 9, which I was not aware of. Right off the bat there's Octavia Butler, Joe Haldeman, Michael Swanwick, and John Varley, always names worth noticing when they're on a list, I don't believe I've read this volume, in fact I'm sure I haven't. David G. Hartwell is a name that I've always sought out when I look for anthologies because I know that I like the stories in there because I appreciate his taste and I mesh with his taste and mesh with mine so well. He's done a great bit more than just the year's best SF series, I've had this on my shelf for years, World Treasury of Science Fiction, with a giant collection of stories from authors from different times and different parts of the world. He's written more than one encyclopedia of science fiction and I've had a couple of those go through my collection at one point or another, this is a book that I've been wanting to read for some time, Hard SF is what I like, near the end of his life he died a few years ago, he was co-editing his collections with Catherine Kramer and this is another one of my favorites, these are great science fiction stories from the hundred years previous to the publication of this book, great stuff, this was a 1997 collection. I recommend all of these books you see here and anytime you see David G. Hartwell's name I predict that you'll like his work, if you taste or anything like mine and if you've been watching me all these years then I think they are, so look for David G. Hartwell. Please remember to press that like button, it helps my videos get seen and then subscribe so you can come back next time. I do science fiction book, TV and movie reviews all the time and please consider becoming a patron, there's a link in the description below.


In today's video, we're going to be talking about dropshipping profit margins. How do you calculate them? What do you need to take into consideration? And what is the optimum strategy for best profits? Well, all of that will be revealed in this video, so make sure you stick around all the way to the end to find out. What's going on everyone? Mario here with AutoDS. And if you haven't done so already, please make sure you hit that subscribe button and ring that little bell notification so you don't miss out on any future videos. On this channel, we cover anything and everything dropshipping related starting from some of the best products dropship all the way to some of the best tips and tricks to help you get started in the game. So if that's something that interests you, just make sure you hit that subscribe button. Now in order to make things a little bit easier for you and have it broken down just a little bit more than this video in the description below, I am going to have a link to a relevant article that explains everything that I'm talking about as well. So if you want some more information or if you want to just check this out in written format, then just check out the link in the description below. Now just so you all know, so you don't get a bit overwhelmed, there are going to be quite a bit of numbers that are going to be thrown out to you right now. But don't let that overwhelm you because at the end of the day, when broken down, this is all pretty simple information that's pretty easy to understand. My suggestion is if you get stuck with something, just go back maybe 10, 20, 30 seconds and just rewatch that part again. Rewatching some parts of this video will definitely help you out in understanding profit margins overall and how to calculate them. So the first thing that we need to do is we need to figure out our break even point. Now what is a break even point? Well, a break even point is pretty much where we break even with our profits. So if we spend $50 on a product right now, then technically we're negative $50. So we're under 50 bucks. And if we charge exactly $50 for the same product, then that is our break even point. We're going to be even. So we spent $50, but then we made $50 to make up for it. So we're right on point. Now everything that we go over, that's going to be simply our profit. Now there's one simple formula that's going to tell you what exactly your dropshipping profit margin is. And that's going to be this. Dropshipping profit margin equals your income minus your expenses divided by your income multiplied by 100. So let me give you a quick example of how that works with something like Shopify and having a monthly plan. Because this is where things can start to get a little bit complicated. A lot of people don't necessarily understand that they have to include all of their expenses, not just the cost of the product itself. You have to include what you're paying monthly for any subscriptions, like let's say your Shopify subscription, any credit card transaction fees or any marketing fees. All of this stuff needs to be taken into account because if you don't, then you could potentially be undercharging. And when you undercharge, you're one, not going to be making a lot of profits and two, you could potentially even be losing money. And all of us are not here to lose money. Of course, we're all here to make money. So make sure you include all of your expenses, no matter how small. So let's take, for example, Shopify. Let's say we have our own website running on Shopify, selling our products. Now for this monthly, we are going to be paying about $39. Of course, there are different plans. And if you decide to go for the yearly plan, the price per month does go down. But for this example, we're just going to go ahead and use the basic monthly plan, which a lot of the times it's what most people have. So we're going to go with $39. Now, because of the fact that we are running a Shopify store, we also have to think about our marketing. Now, remember that when you have your own website, people aren't going to know that your store is there and it's up to you to bring in traffic and get the name of your store out there. So because of that, you are going to have to take marketing into consideration. Now, when it comes to marketing, there are a few different options, which can vary wildly. So you can start off with pay per click ads or Facebook ads, which typically would cost around $5 to $50 every day. That really depends on what you're going for, what your marketing budget is. A lot of things are going to factor into this. But just as a general takeaway between $5 to $50 a day, aside from that, you can also try something like influencer marketing where you're going to reach out to an influencer on either TikTok, Instagram or YouTube and offer them a product in exchange for a review or a quick shout out or promotion. Now, in this case, of course, the cost is going to be a lot less because ultimately what you have to end up doing is just paying for the product itself and depending on the influencer, you might have to pay the influencer a couple of bucks as well. But again, these things are going to vary now with Shopify, you are going to have transaction fees in the form of credit card fees. Now, these credit card fees are going to be about 2.9% plus 30 cents. And that's also going to depend on the plan that you have. So let's say your customer buys a $50 product, then you're going to be charged by the credit card company $1.45 plus 30 cents. And one of the last fees that you need to take into consideration when you're selling on Shopify is going to be shipping fees. Now, the good thing about shipping is a lot of our suppliers are already going to be including shipping and their prices. And if they're not, then you probably should already be doing that. So what I do is whenever I find a product that costs $20 and it has a $10 shipping fee, to me, it's not $20 plus $10. It's going to be $30 flat out. Really, it just makes it a lot simpler to keep track of prices and expenses. So let's assume that we have a product that costs $100. After adding up all of our different fees, then it comes out to about $150. So these $150 are going to be our total expense. Now, how much are we going to sell it for? Let's say that we sell it for a 25% markup and we sell it for $200. Now, let's assume that we're going to end up selling this for about 200 bucks. So we're just going to do 200 minus 150 and our profit is going to be $50. Now, what is a good profit margin? What should you be aiming for whenever you're pricing your products? Well, that's really going to depend. That's going to depend on what your goals are, how much your expenses to roll out to monthly, but as a general rule of thumb, do not go less than 10%. Anything less than 10% is insufficient and unacceptable. You want to be making at a minimum over 10% profit margin. One thing that you also need to take into account is going to be the final price of your actual items. So if you have an item that sells for $1,000, 10% of that is going to be a lot more than let's say 20% of an item that costs $200. Now, ideally, what you really should be aiming for is anywhere between 15 to 60% profit margin. Now, I know 60% sounds like a lot, but it's totally doable. There's products out there that you can get for fairly cheap. And when they're trending, you can sell them for pretty high. But of course, that doesn't apply to every single product. So don't try to price all of your products at a 60% profit margin because it's just not going to work. This is something that you're going to have to experiment with and sometimes even vary by item. Now, let me give you a quick list of fees, eight of them in particular, that you should always keep in mind. Now, of course, these are going to range depending on the platform that you're selling on. So certain fees that apply for Shopify might not apply for eBay or Etsy and vice versa. So the first few that you always need to keep in mind is going to be your selling channel fee. Now, this for the most part is going to come in the form of subscription fees. And as I mentioned earlier on Shopify, it'll cost you about $39 per month starting whereas on a marketplace like eBay, if you have a personal account, then you can sell for free. Aside from your final value fee whenever an item actually sells. But that's beside the point. Now, on the other side, you can also apply for a business account. But when you have a business account on eBay, then you are going to have to pay a monthly fee, which typically starts at about $25 per month. That's not really necessary, especially if you're just starting off. If you are just starting off with dropshipping, then don't worry about paying for a monthly fee for eBay to get a business account store. You can start off with the free personal account. You'll be just fine. Another fee that you need to be mindful of is going to be your listing fee. If you're selling on a platform like Shopify or Wix or WooCommerce, pretty much your own website, you don't have to worry about listing fees because you're not going to get charged per product that you put up.  So what happens here is each time that you upload a product, you're going to get charged $0.20. Next up, we have selling fees. Now, selling fees are going to come in the form of a small percentage per transaction. For the most part though, these are going to be pretty much in any marketplace that you sell on, with the exception of a few. Now related to selling fees, you're also going to have international selling fees, which typically are going to be either a little bit more or they're going to be a separate fee all together. So let's say you're in the US and you make a sale in Europe, you're going to be charged about 1.30% as an international selling fee. Payment provider fees are also another fee that you're always going to have to be mindful for and these are going to come also in the form of small percentages. So every single time that you charge somebody or somebody pays you through a credit card or a debit card, then this is when that fee is going to apply. If somebody pays through let's say PayPal or Western Union or something like that, then this fee won't apply.  So on top of getting charged that chargeback fee, you're also going to have to end up refunding your customer for whatever product it is that they didn't receive. Shipping taxes and custom fees are next. Now these can technically all be bundled up together because this is going to depend on the location that you're shipping to or that you're shipping from or wherever it is that you're making the sale. So as I mentioned earlier, shipping fees for the most part, I like to include directly in the listing already. So I already have my shipping fees calculated into the final price of my product. Now taxes are also going to vary depending on where you're selling. So if you sell in the US or if you sell in Europe, taxes are going to vary. And with that being said, duties are also going to vary depending on what country you're shipping to. And last but not least, we have advertisement fees. Now advertisement fees are going to include things for pretty much your marketing. So things like influencer marketing or ads. Now how can you set the optimal pricing for each and every single product that you have to make the most out of it that you can? Well, first off, you need to take into consideration all of the different fees like we mentioned earlier. Now after you have all figured out, then you can start to implement different strategies. One of them being odd even pricing. Now this is pretty much a psychological trick that you can start to use to play with your customers minds. Now not in a crazy weird way, but in a way where you can get them to think about making the purchase right now. Remember, as I always say in almost every one of my videos, we're targeting impulse buyers. We're looking for people that want to make the purchase immediately. Now odd pricing is pretty much for those consumers that are looking to make a purchase at a budget friendly price. So they're looking for things that sometimes are out of discount. Now in order to target these customers, instead of pricing something for $10, we can price it simply for just $9.95. Honestly, what's five cents going to do to us, right? If we lose five cents, nothing's really going to happen. So remember, more than anything, this pricing method is going to be aimed towards budget conscious consumers. Now if you decide to price something at an even price, let's say $4, $40, $400, $400 and $44. Typically, this is used to show the completeness of a product. Typically, this pricing method is going to be used by luxury dropshippers. So people that sell more high-end products. I mean, seriously, when was the last time you saw a Gucci shirt on sale? Pretty much never. I mean, think about it. You're going to step into a high-end store, let's say, again, Gucci or any jewelry store. For the most part, you're not going to be finding products that are going to be priced at $9.95 or $999 with $0.95. It's going to be $1,000. Another strategy that you can use is take the price that you're actually going to sell it at. So let's say you decide to sell your product at $160 and mark it up to about $240, but say that it's on sale. So always be running a sale on this particular product and make sure that you can clearly see that the original price is the marked up $240 price. And right now you have it on sale. And another option that you have is simply going to be using automation. Now, if you're currently signed up to AutoDS, then this will be a breeze for you. And if you're not, then you can sign up right now for the trial period for just $1. Now, check this out. So for this, all you simply have to do is click on the product that you have in your store. So in this case, I have this hooded sweater blanket. And let's just go ahead and edit it. So here we have the different tabs. We have the product description, variants, images and item specifications. All we need to do here is simply go to variants. So on the variants tab, here is where you can change all of the pricing for all of your different variations for a particular product. Now you can either bulk edit, so you can go ahead and click on all of them and then click on the edit button over here. And then you can set your prices either based on a free percentage or profit dollar amount, a profit percentage or a sell price. So here you just set everything at $55 and all of your different variations will be priced at $55. Here it's going to be based on your chosen percentage and here it's going to be based on your chosen dollar amount. Now, another option that you have that is a bit more specific is going into each individual variation. So what I mean by that is simply click on the edit button over here. And now you can see a little bit more information. So as we can see, we have our fees set to about 50%, which gives us a profit percentage of about $43.76 for a total selling price of $50. Now what we can do here is let's say we want to target our budget-friendly consumers. We can set this simply to $49.95. Or to make things a little bit easier, we can just simply click on the round sense and switch it over here to, let's say, $0.95. And remember how I talked about making sure everything is on sale? In order to do that, we can do that simply from this same page. We can simply just click on compare price and we can do a percentage or we can do a dollar amount. I like to do a dollar amount because it keeps everything a bit more even. So we can do compare at price 65. And that's how you can calculate your dropshipping profit margin, along with setting adequate and optimal prices. Now, I know some of this stuff could have been a little bit confusing, but my suggestion to you again is just go back to the beginning, rewatch the whole thing, or if you don't have time to rewatch the entire thing, then just watch the bits and pieces that you need a bit more information on. Watching it a couple of different times will help you understand things a little bit better. Huge thank you to everyone for watching, especially if you made it this far, especially if you made it all the way to the end. As always, it truly means a lot that you watched the entire video. And if you want more information on your profit margins, then just check out the description down below. There's going to be a link to a relevant article there. Huge thank you once again to everyone for watching. My name is Mario with Out of the S and I'll catch you all next time.


So the great thing is that platforms don't have to act alone They can partner with fact-checkers in authoritative sources to get verified accurate information out there places like the associated press or the CDC Done correctly. This would allow users to educate themselves and limit the spread of false disproven narratives Another great thing about fact-checking is that it's a task that journalists naturally do really well as Funding for journalism particularly the all-important small local in diverse variety has dried up This could represent a really important new revenue stream for them For more details check out our super fun for the internet proposal


this one as well, and then discussion. So the first part is from Dr. Kui-Juan Shen and Dr. Jin Kui-Li. Dr. Jin Kui-Li has to be here today, so the presentation will be made by Dr. Kui-Juan Shen. Who is the Senior Program Officer from the Baseball Conventional Regional Center for Asia and Pacific? Professor, in School of Environments, Dr. Kui-Juan Shen is the Executive Director of the Cell Conventional Center for Asia and Pacific. I am here today to introduce you of the zero waste city pattern program in China. Maybe some of you have heard about this program before, but it's a new program initiated by the Chinese government. By presentation, we could focus, first of all, let's see what is the zero waste city. We noticed that there is a trend to view zero waste city. The U.N. environment issue report, a background report, are moving towards our position three, China. And 14, the EU Commission has issued a zero-waste program towards the economy in Singapore. In their sustainable Singapore Group in 2015, one of the main goals is to move towards zero waste country. Like you have already known that in Japan, back in 2000 years, they had this basic act on establishing some material psychosociety. In Canada, Vancouver, they had the zero-waste 2040. In Sydney, Australia, they issued a living, nothing to waste. They have their strategy and action to add 2017 to 2030. In China, what happened in China, we are going to talk about the origin of the zero-waste city pilot program. Last year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment was together with 18 other departments having worked together to come up with a work plan on the construction of zero-waste city pilots and submitted to the Chinese Reform Commission and to the State Council for Approval in last year December. The general office of the State Council issued the work plan on the zero-waste city pilot program. This pilot program is a combined wisdom of our commission experts and other industrial associations and management departments. This pilot program originates from the policy suggestion by several commissions from the Chinese Commission of Engineering. In this pilot program, the concept of zero-waste does not mean that the city generates no waste at all or does it mean that zero-waste can be fully utilized. It means that zero-waste refers to an urban development model that, guided by the idea of innovative, coordinated, knitted, green and open and shelf development in China, it aims at reducing the solid waste generation for motor recycling to reduce the landfill and to minimize the environment impact of solid waste amendments. The pathway to achieve this is through promoting green development and the green lifestyle. So we're not talking about brainstorming, we're looking at the green development and the lifestyle. The scope of this pilot program includes both the urban and the rural area. It is broader than urban construction area. It includes all areas under the jurisdiction of urban administration. As we can see that according to the general plans for the reform of the ecological civilization system in China, one of the principle of it is to build a unified environment governance system in city and countryside. So in this pilot program, the scope includes both the city and the countryside. The reason why we put the scope like this is that also is that at the regional level to manage the collection storage utilization and the disposal of all kinds of waste generated during the process of industry, agriculture and consumption can have a synergistic effect to the greatest extent when you do this at the regional level to have a synergistic effect. When we look at the background, the wild China would come up with a zero-waste city pilot program. We could see that for at this stage, the main social contradiction in China has become the contradiction between people's growing needs for better life and the ambivalence and adequate development. When we look back to the solid waste management, we could see that the solid waste generation is intensive and massive in China and the solid waste recycling and disposal capacity is so inadequate. We are facing the problem like this is city and the worst cases when it's frequently the illegal transport and dumping of solid waste happens. The second part, so why we are going to build a zero-waste city, zero-waste city since the Party Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to solid waste management. Since the 18th National Party, the Party Central Committee and the State Council has thoroughly implemented the action plan in preventing air, water, and soil pollution and considering prohibition of the entry of foreign garbage as a landmark of the construction of ecological civilization. Chinese government has continuously promoted the reform of solid waste. Important management system have accelerated the construction of garbage treatment facility, implemented the classification of municipal solid waste which has made a great process in the management of solid waste. Presidency said that the classification of municipal solid waste is a new fashion. We also initiated the toilet revolution. The reason why we are going to build a zero-waste, it is also a requirement of the ecological civilization construction as in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Committee Party of China that raised the reform task to improve the disposal of solid waste and municipal solid waste. In June 2018, the opinion of the Central Committee of the CDC and the State Council on enhancing the protection of ecological environment and all around the way and when the battle of pollution prevention had put forward the conducting of a zero-waste city pilot program and promoting the recycling of solid waste. Also, in the work report of the Chinese government 2019, it highlights the strengthening in classification and the disposal of solid waste and municipal solid waste and it highlights the promotion of reduction, recycle and safety of disposal of solid waste. So the third part is how to build a zero-waste city and this part is almost an explanation on the policy how they would conduct this zero-waste city pilot program. This program is considered as not only this program building a zero-waste city towards a zero-waste society, it is considered as an ecological civilization reform in the field of solid waste. It mentions not only about the solid waste and also about the ecology and environments, it requires an overall environment friendly planning. It asks us, we need to deal with the relationship between the zero-waste city pilot program and the social and economic developments to deal with the relationship to end this pilot program and the other and the rule of construction and operation to integrate effort among zero-waste city pilot program and other relevant pilot program considering solid waste. As you know before this program, the Chinese government also have a lot of program considering solid waste. So how we are going to do this? First of all, co-functioning these three laws the first one is the clean production promotion law. It aims to reduce the solid waste at the source and the second law is circular economy for promotion law. But far in China, this law for clean production and law for circular economy, it is a promotion law, not law. So we are going to improve the laws on these two. The third law is prevention and control law of solid waste environment pollution. Also in China, we are talking about the reduction, recycle and environmental stunt management like what we all know, so they are at the international level. But in China, we are going to integrate the reduction with settling and the environmental stunt management of solid waste management. And there are in all six main tasks in this pilot program. The very first one is to strengthen the top level design and the give full play to the macro guidance of the government. The second one is to implement the green industrial production and promote zero growth of the total storage and disposal of large scale industry solid waste. So the second one, look at the industrial aspect. The second one is to promote green production in agriculture and the full utilization of the major agricultural waste. The fourth one comes up with the practicing green lifestyle and promoting salt reduction and the recycling of the municipal solid waste. So it looks at, look at the solid waste generated from like everybody else's life. The fifth one is to enhance the risk of prevention and control, capacity and expression comprehensive safety control of hazardous waste. And the very last one is to stimulate the vitality of market player and fostering a new model of industry development and to improve the policy effect in this. But the first one is about the top level design and giving full, top level design. It will give full play to the macro guidance of the government. To do this, we will have a macro guidance of the government and to have effectiveness evaluation in this pilot program. We will establish an indicator system to give guidance for constructing this palace. And the second, we will optimize the management system and we can some for solid waste and stressing the coordination among these departments. There will be a responsible list for different departments because right now in China, this different department is in charge of management of different solid waste. Also, we will strengthen the integration of innovation of institutional policies and enhancing the systematic nature of pilot program. To conduct this zero waste city pilot, we need to coordinate the urban development and solid waste management and to optimize the layout of the industry structure. So this is the way that we, the core that we could change the city, the way they could produce this solid waste. The second task is to implement grain industrial production and the promotes zero growth of the total storage and disposal of large scale industries of waste. First at the source is to the reduction of solid waste. We will focus on grain mining. It will be, grain mining will be fully implemented to reduce the generation and the storage and disposal of solid waste in mining industry. For the whole process, we will carry out the construction of grain design and grain supply chain to promote the reduction in the recycling of solid waste. In order to make this solid waste fully recycled or utilized, we will improve the standard system and to promote the utilization of large scale industries of the waste at source. Also, we are facing the problem of this historical stored solid waste. So we were going to control the increment of industries on waste generation strictly and we're going to solve the history problem of solid waste in industries of the waste. The third task we look at the agriculture will promote the grain production in agriculture and make full utilize of major agricultural waste. First, we emphasize on planting and breeding balance with the cyclic development mechanism for planting and breeding at the core. The comprehensive utilization of the livestock and the protein unit outside will be gradually realized on large scale farms. Secondly, we will promote outside utilization. We will promote the full utilization of regional cobs stores with a focus on collection and utilization adhering to the principle of adapting to local conditions, prioritizing agricultural use and promoting utilization outside of nearby for the agricultural fields and the pesticide packaging waste. We will improve the recycling and the treatment. Okay, the first task is practicing grain lifestyle and promote self reduction and recycling of municipal waste.  These are like just small points of zero waste city. Also, we will strengthen the utilization of municipal waste as a result to promote the utilization of food waste and to conduct construction waste treatment. For hazardous waste, we will correct and reduce exhaust and you know one new construction one a new construction program. One day they would like to have a new construction project where we will ask them to conduct environment impact environmental assessment considering hazardous waste. So we will know the source of the environment waste. And also for the process of civilization, we will build a sound foundation of strict control of hazardous waste to improve the management chain. At the last stage for the safe recycle and disposal, we will improve the relevant standards and the specific patient for hazardous waste to ensure safe recycle and disposal. The very last task is to stimulate the virtualization of market layer for fostering a new model of industry development and to improve the policy effectiveness. We will utilize the value at tax performance for product and service of comprehensive utilization resources and the environment credit evaluation. Also, we will develop grain finance and to end the grain purchase by the government. Finally, in this pilot program, we will have a indicator system for construction. We will have an institutional and technical system for implementation to build this zero waste city. We would like to, we hope to see a list of breakthroughs in key areas and price of software selection and to come up with some models that would be really, would be to be used in other ways. The work plan is to promote the zero waste city pilot program at the national level. We will first establish a work coordination mechanism and then select a pilot cities. For now we have selected 11 pilot cities and the five regions in May. We have this last meeting for the pilot program in Shenzhen. Afterwards, we will promote and give guidance. The government will give guidance to these pilot cities and later they will issue implementation plans for this business. Also, the government have built some expert technical support team to guide the city pilot cities. In the meantime, they will evaluate the achievement and the contest the pilot results. At city level, at those pilot cities, the municipal party committee and the municipal government will have a full looking presentation of this pilot construction. They will compare zero waste implementation scheme and also they will physically promote the implementation of this plan. These are the 11 cities and five regions in this pilot program. As for BCRC China, this is China of Xinhua University. Our team is involved in the implementation plan complaining for three pilot places. One of them is in Beijing, Economic Technical Development Area and the other is the second one is Sanya in Hainan Province and the third one is Baotou City in Angolia. Also, this is China is commissioned by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment as the technical support. And this technical support group, this group will offer some guidance to these two pilot, one is Shenzhen City and the other is Xinhuan New Area. Also, my colleague is a consultant expert and one of the technical support group to this three pilot, one is Guihai in Shandong and the second one is Sanya in Hainan and the third one is Guangze County in Fujian. This one is a county of the city. So, that's all for my presentation. If you have any questions, you can contact Professor Liu Bei.