Hello everyone, my name is Christoph Beierlder and I am going to present Skinny AAD and Skinny Hash, which was a submission to the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process and also published in the TOSC special issue. And this is joint work with the Skinny team. First of all, let me give an overview of the AAD scheme. So, AAD stands for Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data. And this picture here shows what is the idea. So the scheme gets a fixed key k and a nonce n, which should be varied for each encryption. And the input will be a message and associated data. And then the scheme outputs a ciphertext and some authentication tag. And for the message, we want to guarantee confidentiality and integrity for the associated data. We only want to guarantee integrity. Usually this is public data, for example, some header. And if the tag will be invalid for a given ciphertext, a decryption oracle would output an error. So you're not able to decrypt unless the tag is valid. Our scheme called Skinny AAD is a tweakable block cipher-based authenticated encryption which associated data, which employs the well-known Skinny tweakable block cipher from crypto 2016 in a Tata CB3 framework, which is the tweakable version of the OCB framework. And this was introduced in 2011. And our particular instance is very similar to deoxys one, which is a third round candidate of the Caesar competition. Our primary member is based on Skinny 128-384 and it gets a 128-bit key, 128-bit nonce, outputs a 128-bit tag and allows to process a message of up to 2 to the 68 bytes. Our hashing scheme called Skinny Hash is a function-based sponge construction and the primary member uses a 384-bit to 384-bit function built from this tweakable cipher Skinny 128-384. So compared to usual sponge constructions, the underlying, we don't use an underlying permutation, but a function. Our features are as follows. Skinny is a well-understood design that since its publication already received lots of external cryptanalysis. For instance, we found more than 30 published papers since 2016. And we use this cipher in a modular approach, which means we're using a well-known mode of operation. We use the Tata CB3 framework for AAD and the sponge framework for hashing together with the cipher. And these modes are provable secure, assuming that the underlying cipher is ideal. And in particular, by assuming AAD to be an ideal tweakable block cipher, we would obtain beyond-birthday bound security for the AAD scheme. Another advantage of this AAD scheme is that it is highly paradisable because it operates with independent calls to the tweakable cipher. Moreover, the Skinny cipher allows for efficient threshold implementations, and this is in particular helpful for protecting against side-channel attacks of our schemes. And Skinny was also designed to allow for very flexible separation into what is key and what is tweak, and this allows for very flexible parameter handling in an AAD mode. So, for instance, you can think about more members of an AAD family rather than those which we submitted to NIST. First of all, I will recall how the tweakable block cipher looks like before I present the AAD and the hashing modes. And then I will quickly give an overview of ASIC performances of our scheme before I conclude the talk with showing you the best script analysis so far and our ideas for third-round tweak proposals. The Skinny family of tweakable block ciphers was presented at Krypto 2016 and has the following main features. It is a very flexible tweakable cipher that allows several block ciphers and tweak or key ciphers, so we have different members of this family, and it is also an academic design that competes with the lightweight NSA cipher Simon in terms of performances and area in hardware implementations. While at the same time, it provides strong arguments against the most common attack vectors, most importantly differential and linear cryptanalysis. So, to go into detail of the specifications, Skinny supports block sizes of either 64-bit or 128-bit and also depending on the member, the tweak and key size t can be either equal to the block size or twice the block size or even three times the block size. And we will denote Skinny with an n-bit blocks and t-bit tweak and key by Skinny nt. And it is important to note that our schemes Skinny AAD and Skinny Hash only make use of the Skinny versions with a 128-bit block size and then only of those with a tweaky size of two times the block size and three times the block size. I will only focus on the Skinny variants with a 128-bit block size. So the internal state will be represented by a four times four matrix of 8-bit elements and the initial 128-bit plaintext will be mapped to the cipher state row by row. And then a round function depicted below will be iterated for several times depending on the version. So it is very similar to AES, so we have a substitution layer, a constant addition and a round key, a round tweaky addition before we have a linear layer very similar to the AES consisting of shift rows and mixed columns. And for Skinny 128-256, this round will be iterated 48 times. And for the Skinny version with a tweak size three times as long as the block size, we iterate this 56 times. So the substitution layer, as I said before, is an S-box layer which substitutes each byte of the state according to an 8-bit S-box which is depicted on the right side. This design was inspired by the Piccolo S-box and can be implemented in hardware with 24 gate equivalents only. It has good differential and linear properties, so for instance, for differences, non-zero differences, the maximum differential probability is 2 to the minus 2. The constant addition is also very lightweight, so in each round we only x or 3 8-bit constants to the first column of the state. And those constants are derived from a 6-bit affine LFSR. So far we have seen those two layers and in the next step I will explain how this add round tweaky operation looks like. So what is the difference between a block cipher and a tweakable block cipher? So on the left there is the usual block cipher depicted which gets a key as input and a plaintext and outputs a ciphertext. And for each fixed key the mapping from the plaintext to the ciphertext should be a permutation. On the right hand side a tweakable block cipher is depicted where we get some tweak value t as an additional input. And the idea is that each fixed tweak defines another block cipher, so another family of permutation parameterized by the key. In 2014 the tweaky framework was introduced which presented the idea that the tweak and the key material should be handled in the same way by a tweaky schedule. So they should not be separated as shown in the picture above. So instead of a tweak state schedule we have a tweaky schedule which gets this tweaky as an input. And then in each round a subtweaky will be generated here depicted by this function g which is then x-ord to the state. And in this tweaky schedule the tweaky state will be updated by some linear function h which is a very simple linear function. For example in skinny this consists of a permutation of a cell permutation of the internal state and some very simple LFSR operation. So this is depicted on this picture here. So the tweaky, so here this depicts the skinny version with a tweak key size of two times the block lengths. So we can separate this tweaky state into two 128 bit blocks. And the update function in each round is a cell permutation layer PT on each of these two states. And then one of these states is updated by an LFSR operation. And the subtweaky is generated by just taking the two states and x-or them together. And then what is important to note that the x-or to the state is only in the first two rows of the state. So we don't x-or the whole 128 bit tweaky but only 64 bit of tweaky in every round. So now I already said that the linear layer is very similar to the AES. So shift rows is a cell wise permutation of the state where row i of the state is rotated by i positions to the right. And in AES this rotation is to the left. This is the only difference. And a mixed column operates on every column of the state independently. So we have a linear transformation which branch number two in this case. Which ensures full state diffusion in both forward and backward direction within at most six rounds. And moreover one subtweaky addition is going to affect the whole state after one round. Guaranteed by this mixed column operation. This is important because the tweaky is only added to half of the round. So we have to think about what is the diffusion in the key. So now I will talk about the AEAD scheme. So we introduce six members in the NIST submission called M1 up to M6. Which vary in the underlying block cipher used and also in the length of the nonce and the length of the tag. The key is always 128 bits. M1 is the primary member. So it is based on skinny 128 384 and encrypts under 128 bit nonce and 128 bit key and generates a 128 bit tag. And the members M5 and M6, I have to remark that those do not follow the NIST requirements to support input messages of up to twosers of 50 bytes. Because the mode guarantees security only if the maximum message length is 2 to the 28 bytes for those two cases. So here I will explain how the TETA CB3 framework looks like. First I will concentrate on the handling of associated data. So the associated data denoted by the string A is separated into 128 bit blocks. So A0, A1 up to some ALA-1. And those go as the message into the tweakable block cipher. And then for each call the key of the cipher is equal to the nonce and the key of the AEAD. But the tweak varies. So the tweak varies for each block by some block counter here 01 up to LA-1 and some fixed byte for domain separation. And this domain separation byte, so here D2 indicates what is going to be processed right now. So for example, this byte will be different depending on whether you process associated data or the message. And it is also different depending on if you use padding or not. So for example, the first picture shows the handling without padding, the second picture with padding. And you can see that this last block is handled differently. So in case that the associated data length is not a multiple of the block lengths, you have to pad it with some string one and followed by zeros. And if you do this, then the associated data, then the domain separation byte is different. And then so you XOR the output of these. So the cipher outputs, you all XOR them together and generate some temporary authentication tag. So here this picture shows you how the encryption works. Again, the message is separated into 128 bit blocks, called M0 up to LM minus one. And they get as a message into the tweakable block ciphers. Again, the key is fixed to N and K and the tweak varies by a block counter and a final byte for domain separation. So here this byte is denoted D0 and this is different from the byte used in the associated data handling. And again, depending on whether you pad or not, the last block is handled differently. I'm using also another byte for domain separation. And then the output of these independent cipher calls will be given as a message, as a ciphertext C. And the final authentication tag is generated by XORing together the message and putting this into another tweakable block cipher call using another tweak value again. The output of this is XORed with the temporary authentication tag for associated data. I showed you on the slide before and this XOR will compute the tag which is given as the final output. And as you can see, this mode is highly parallelizable because it operates on independent tweakable block cipher calls. On the slides before, I presented a slightly simplified version of this scheme because we just used a simple block counter where we just incremented one by one. But in fact, this tweak value will be generated by an LFSR. So we clock an LFSR to generate the next counter value. And this does not matter for security because we just need that the counters are unique for each block. So this LFSR should have a high period. The mode offers full 128-bit security for confidentiality and an integrity security of the minimum of 128 or the tag length in the non-respecting model. So it's important to note the user is not allowed to use non-sys twice, for example. And it's important to remark that the confidentiality security is going to drop to the tag length if an adversary has a decryption oracle. So if in the adaptive chosen ciphertext model the security of confidentiality drops to the tag length. So the mode guarantees security only if the total size of the associated data and the message is limited. And so, for example, for the primary member, this size must not exceed 2 to the 68 bytes. And this comes from the LFSR used from generating the counters. You have 2 to the 64 independent blocks at most and you should not use a counter twice. And also the maximum number of messages for the same key should be upper bounded. So it should be 2 to the 128 for the primary member, for instance. So now let me describe how SkinnyHash looks like. So SkinnyHash uses the well-known sponge construction depicted here. And it is important to see here that the primary member uses a state size of 384 bits. So this FL should be a function of 384 bits. And then the rate will be 128 bits and the capacity 256 bits. So now how do these functions look like? So in the usual sponge construction a permutation is used. And we are going to build a function which is constructed from the Skinny Tweaker block cipher. So I will explain the right part of this picture because it corresponds to the primary member. So the input X, which is 384 bits, goes as a tweaky input into 3 Skinny 128, 384 block ciphers. And then the input of these block ciphers will be a constant. So for instance, constant 0, constant 1, constant 2. So we have the encryption of 3 constants under a fixed tweaky. And then the outputs will be concatenated together and will be given as the final output of 384 bits. And we are going to claim 2 to the half of the capacity bit security with regard to preimage, secondary image, and collision resistance. And what is quite interesting is that very recently a formal security proof given by Hoso Yamada and Ivata was published on the e-print archive which states that in the ideal cipher model the construction is indifferentiable from a random oracle if the total number of queries to the cipher and the inverse are in 0 to the 2 to the n. So we have to assume that the Skinny is an ideal tweakable block cipher and then this sponge mode instantiated with the function I've shown before will be indifferentiable from a random oracle up to 2 to the n number of queries. We also made hardware implementations of our schemes in ASICs and I will quickly show you the performances we got. Those are the results for the primary member of the AEAD scheme and the two variants for the hashing scheme. The first table shows unprotected round-based ASIC implementations. The second table shows side-channel-protected round-based ASIC implementations. For more details I will refer you to the paper. Let me talk a bit about the best crypt analysis so far. So besides our own crypt analysis in the crypto paper 2016 the Skinny cipher has received an extensive amount of external analysis and as of February 2020 which was the date of acceptance of the paper to the TOSC special issue we have found 30 formally published papers related to crypt analysis excluding all physical attacks. 14 of those papers only considered the Skinny versions we did not use in the AEAD and the hashing schemes and 16 of those papers studied the two Skinny instances we used in the NIST schemes. The best skin recovery attacks on those two variants are 23 rounds for the Skinny 128 and 256 and 28 rounds for the Skinny 128 384. There are all related tweaky attacks. And it is important to remark that those attacks are not necessarily valid on the AEAD and hashing scheme because of this modular approach. So we use this tweakable block cipher in a mode and it is not clear that the attacks on the cipher itself carries over to the mode. So these are only worst case attacks. So NIST has promised to allow tweaks if the schemes are chosen for the third round of the standardization process. And we plan to do two tweaks to our scheme. So first we are planning to drop all the members based on Skinny 128 and 256 in order to set the focus on the schemes that formally meet the NIST requirements. As I said, the members M5 and M6 for AEAD do not allow for long enough message. And so we are going to drop them. For hashing, this removal affects Skinny TK2 hash. So we only have one tweakable block cipher left that is applied in the schemes, namely Skinny 128 384. As a second proposal for a tweak, we plan to reduce the number of rounds of the Skinny tweakable block cipher. So if you remember, the best attack so far covers 28 rounds on Skinny 128 384. And our plan is to reduce from 56 rounds to 40 rounds. This reduction would still leave us 30% security margin on the primitive, not on the mode. And by this we are going to take advantage of the large amount of external cryptanalysis, which was conducted so far. The performance gain of this reduction will be about 1.4. And so we are going to do an improved, so we're going to get an improved tradeoff between security margin and efficiency. The new variants will be denoted by a plus sign in the end. So for instance, our primary member will be denoted Skinny AEAD M1 plus. This concludes my talk. Thank you very much.


T. F. N. N. Headline news update. Good afternoon everybody I'm Tommy O'Brien comedy live from T. F. N. Headquarters in St. Petersburg Florida 1 p.m. Eastern time on Thursday three hours left to go in the trading day we got markets in positive territory right now Dow Jones up a hundred and seventy nine points trading twenty eight thousand nine twenty three get the NASDAQ up fifty two trading at ninety one eighty one S. and P's up nine points trading at thirty two sixty nine gold contract negative action down about nine dollars at fifteen fifty oil off nine pennies at fifty nine fifty two and the dollar index with some strength up a hundred and fifty eight ticks at ninety seven or fifty eight we start things off and we're going to start off with a pretty interesting story and pretty remarkable in terms of the geopolitical tensions that are all over the place and this story about the Boeing airplane that went down two days ago right after the missile started to fly in Iran and unfortunately it looks like those missiles were fired by Iran maybe a friendly fire case in terms of but missile strike seen by U. S. as likely cause of the Iranian crash U. S. intelligence officials increasingly believe that the Ukrainian jet that fell from the sky after taking off from Tehran on Wednesday was shot down by a missile to surface to air missile launches were detected from an Iranian battery minutes after the jet took off unfortunately hundred seventy six people a lot of Canadians on that plane a lot of loss of human life interesting to see how that plays out from the market jumping back to the indices we'll start things off with the Dow twenty eight thousand eight eighty four almost made it up to twenty nine thousand we were about fifty points away from that level right at noon NASDAQ one hundred actually made it above nine thousand early in the day currently trading eighty nine seventy eight there's your S. and P's we reach a record of thirty two seventy five right at about noon or about seven points off that level at thirty two sixty eight crude oil with some volatility as well we're actually under fifty nine dollars early this morning currently trading at fifty nine forty four there's your gold contract fifteen fifty one overnight quite an acceleration we saw a low in gold of fifteen forty one so about ten dollars above that level as we've seen some dollar strength we've seen Euro weakness Euro trading at one eleven oh four there's a fundamental news out there weekly jobless claims coming in at two hundred and fourteen thousand for last week this had a non-farm payrolls tomorrow morning and in terms of the retail sector want to talk about taking a hit Coles down almost ten percent on their numbers AC penny down eleven point six percent stay tuned folks we're gonna man Steve Rhodes coming up with a trader's edge right now Dave White live at two o'clock Tom O'Brien live from retail for will be right back


You only have to get it to a certain point.  I got up to where I was making a million bucks a year, and that was the year I never made another cold call again in my life. But I continued to make a million every year. Ladies and gentlemen, make some noise for Ricky! Garoo! He is an investor, a speaker, and soon to be remembered, in my opinion, as a legend in the industry. The cool thing about what he was doing was he was documenting everything. Like, he would post his calls, his work he was putting in, the strategies he was sharing, everything. Most of these people are only talking to one agent, and they're doing the business with them. My job is to sell the listing, and I said, why do you feel like that's your job? Right? Everybody, hold on, stop shopping. Sir, you would? Great. Come right over here, let me get your information.  Like, this is before it's happening. This is the moment right here. I want you to understand that no one can ever take your skills away from you. Once I crushed real estate, I was like, okay, let me crush social media and understand this game, is you do not want to sell real estate forever, I promise you. And our next speaker, he is a legend in the visionary and we're very, very honored to have him.  Actually, every day when I wake up, I see his video. So it gets me pumped up. And he has sold over a thousand homes himself as a solo agent in Alabama, and flipped over a hundred homes in his career. And super knowledgeable, I met him at our EXP conference and chat with him privately, saw him speak on stage. And we're just very fortunate to have him share the stage with us and to share his wisdom. So without further ado, that's welcome Ricky Karoo. Hey guys. Hey, good to be here. Good to see all of you. Number one, Ron, that was amazing, bro. I don't know you, but that was really good. And it kind of helped me kind of understand where I wanted to take this talk today because I have really no idea where we were gonna go with it. But he really gave you some nuts and bolts there when it comes to organizing your, Lino Lee Jin, your follow-up. And that was very specific. I really love that. So I'm gonna play directly off of what he just told you to try to maybe fill in the blanks a little bit around some of his stuff. And hopefully between, and I didn't see the other speakers or whoever, you know, Sean's gonna be after me, but hopefully this will kind of help you kind of put it all together. I think that number one, we need to be thinking a lot about how we're communicating with our clients. Okay, we're really trained to close the deal. And I loved what Ron said with, you know, don't ask them if they're pre-qualified and stuff like this. What I want you to think about, okay, I wanna talk about communication. I wanna talk about a little bit of follow-up and maybe help you simplify that process as well as like where this can lead to in terms of your career towards a more residual type business. Because a lot of people think buying leads, cold calls, door knocking, all that stuff. And they're looking at it so singular, right?    I want you to understand that. The problem is most of us don't like that part so we don't do it as much as we should and it drags out for the rest of our life. But if I can get you to understand how if you go all in and give it three to five hard years, you'll get to a place where you don't have to worry about leads, deals ever again. I got up to where I was making a million bucks a year and that was the year I never made another cold call again in my life. But I continued to make a million every year because I experienced what I'm telling you. So I kinda wanna touch on that as well. One thing I found interesting in some really recent statistics, which I don't know what to believe honestly with statistics anymore. I feel like I'm being manipulated from a lot of the things that I've read here lately. But I'm gonna go with this because I feel like it's more than likely true. 71% of buyers, they went with the very first agent that they talked to, okay, 71%. The study also showed 81% of sellers went with the very first agent that they talked to. I think that could play into this lawsuit and stuff how, you know, sellers are unhappy about things. It doesn't even seem like they're getting a second opinion. Where does the responsibility lie on them? But I don't wanna point fingers. I wanna be the one that says, okay, here's a problem. Let me help you, Mr. Seller, since I realized since I'm in the business, you probably only talk to one agent. Let me help clarify and help you understand all of your options. Totally different conversation. What I'm getting at is that most of these people are only talking to one agent and they're doing the business with them. I want you to understand that and I want you to put yourself in the position to talk to more people than anyone.  Okay, that is the premise of your job. But you know what your job really is? We were on a Zoom call. I was on a Zoom call just before this and the agent said, I have this overpriced listing, right? And I'm kind of frustrated because my job is to sell the listing. And I said, why do you feel like that's your job? That's not your job. Your job is not to sell the, and I said, this is where we're getting confused as an industry, as agents. That's not our job. Our job is to help the seller or the buyer, whoever we're representing, do whatever it is they're trying to do, right? They may not care if it's said, they may be okay with it being overpriced and not selling. Now our job isn't selling the listing. It's making sure it's on the market if it sells it sells, because that's what the seller wants. So we got to understand what our job is. Our job is to talk to more people than anyone else and if you want to be the number one agent, you just got to talk to the most people. If you do that through social media, online leads, door knocking cold calls, direct mail, I don't care how you do it. You can go to Walmart and say, hey, everybody a technician, right? Everybody hold on and stop shopping, right? I have an announcement to make here. I'm a real estate agent here locally. My name's Ricky. How are you guys doing? You know, get them all to applaud and stuff and be like, let me ask you guys a question. Like, does anyone here, would you guys be interested in a rental property or some really good cash flow if I had one? Sir, you would, great. Come right over here. Let me get your information.  Come on over here. Let me get your information. Like I don't care how you do it, but you got to do it. You can't sit and hide behind a desk or hide and make excuses. I'm doing this. I'm doing that. I'm working on my website and getting my business cards just right. I'm writing some letters.  We got to go, man. And right now with the market being down, this is as slow as it's gonna get. We're at the down moment of the 10 year market that crashes every 10 years, right? It's been like 15 this time. And we're at the down moment of the yearly cycle. In the fall, price is softened, days of the market go up, listings go up, all the everything that's happening right now happens every year. It's a little more extreme because of interest rates and this, that and the other. But the fact is that this is the down moment of both the 10 year cycle and the yearly cycle. Do you realize the opportunity right now to expand your business? Because have you guys heard of a reverse crash? The housing market is going to explode, all right? How many of you have a buyer or how many of you have 10 buyers or more who say, who want to buy, who are waiting on prices to come to L? Okay, how many of you have sellers who are dying to have a bigger house but they can't because they're locked in the lower rates? Okay, that is pent up demand. It's massive. And rates have come down like 60 basis points in the last week, okay?   They're gonna fluctuate. They may even go back up to eight before they come down for real, for real. Who knows in the short term, but we know long term over the next 12, you know, six, 12, eight, 10, 24 months, like we're gonna get some relief and bro, the longer it takes for rates to come down, the more massive that this way of pent up demand is gonna be released. I want you to be in a position, right now is the moment, right now. Not when the way, when you think it's the best time to take advantage of a massive market swing. While it's happening or before it's happening, before it's happening, okay? What part of the cycle are we in right now? Free happening. This is before it's happening. This is the moment right here that you have to be the one talking to the most people, okay? So let's talk about communication. When you talk to a prospect, here's my rule of thumb. When I'm talking to a prospect, what are the questions I would ask this prospect if they were my mother, if they were my father, if they were Sean Cacosta, if they were my best friend from high school? What, how would I talk to them? Because that's what I, that is how I wanna talk to my prospects. I wanna treat them like they're my mom, dad, brother, cousin, best friend from high school. That's how I talk to my prospects. How are you doing? As in, I really want to know. See, some sales guys will say, don't ask how you're doing because everybody knows you don't care. And you can tell me you really care, but I know you really don't. Well, that's just a totally different philosophy for me. They're in a whole different planet, right? Because you gotta understand that every person you talk to, you're literally not talking to one person about one deal. You may call an expired, and that expired, you may be thinking, listing, I'm not. I'm thinking maybe they wanna buy, maybe they wanna do this or that, but at the end of the day, that relationship with that person, regardless if they buy or sell today or not, is worth 10 to 20 deals to me over the life of my career, over the next 12 years, 15 years, whatever. And the more of those I can stack up, then the closer I can get to knocking down 1,000 deals over the next decade, let's say, as a single agent, or 1,000 deals a year if you're a team, however you wanna slice it up. But it's all gonna come down to the people that know you, that love you, that wanna do business with it. 43%, which was the largest percentage, by the way, of buyers and sellers, picked their agent through a referral. It wasn't online, 14% did it online. They picked their agent online, 14%. 43, it was through a referral from a friend or family. Okay? And what sad is, it was only like, 12 or something like that, like it was repeat business. They went back to the agent they used before. Most everybody wants to get that referral from someone that they trust. The whole game is, how do I make everybody feel like we're family? And how do I scale that? So I hope that kinda helps you.  But hopefully that kinda helps you at least a little bit. I'm happy to answer questions and stuff. The next thing is, can we simplify this entire follow up in terms of building brand? Okay, let's simplify it. For me, and I learned this back in 2007 when I started doing it, if I did a weekly email on the same day of the week forever, that's it, dude. Like, nobody ever forgets who I am. I get a 90% organic reach. I get to tell people my opinions on stuff.    If you aren't giving your opinions on what's happening in the market, what you think about the new restaurant, what you think about the new development coming in, what you think about prices, if you're not giving your opinions on stuff, people are gonna tune out of you and they're gonna be watching, they're gonna spend that attention on people who are giving their opinions on things. You're gonna lose to the agent that's actually putting in the work to actually create content around who they are and their opinions on what's happening in the local market. That's another thing. People are sending out stuff on national statistics. Nobody cares about that. It's the numbers are so skewed, they wanna know local stuff, right? So let's just back up for a second so I'm like screaming and going a bunch of different directions, right? Let's bring it all together here. Communicating, okay? You gotta talk to the only thing between you and a million bucks a year, I can promise you. It's just thousands of one-on-one conversations with people in your market, digitally or face-to-face or over the phone. It's thousands of one-on-one conversations developing those relationships with people in your market. You can spread that out over the course of 100 years or you can do it in three to five years. Me, I wanted to get it done now so I just got it done immediately. I realized that all the marketing and money spent on direct mail and open houses and all that brought me back and buying leads. All that brought me back to the same exact place which was having a conversation with someone in my market. So when I realized that I was like, I can bypass all the time, money and energy I'm spending trying to market to try to have conversations and I could just go straight to the conversations because I can get people's information for a penny, pick out which properties I wanna sell, call the owners and create lifelong relationships forever. Not everybody's built like that and I understand. But you gotta figure out what your thing is to have thousands of one-on-one conversations with people in your market yesterday. Do 10 a day, 20 a day. But you gotta get there if you wanna get to the mill. It's gotta be about volume at some point. How much time do I have? You don't have seven minutes or so. It's got, at some point, ladies and gentlemen, your business has to be about volume of people that know who you are if you wanna scale. A lot of us chalk up a lot of time spent giving great customer service and you're using that as a crutch and an excuse not to go after the masses and you know it. You're using it as an excuse. I'm giving great customer service. I'm spending all this time and doing all this stuff. When you could have spent one-tenth of the time with that person, gave them the same warm and fuzzies that you're giving them now and spent that same time across 10 people giving them all 10, the same warm and fuzzies you gave the one person. You have to learn how to multiply your time across a lot of people. This is a skill. In terms of skills and like future of industry and lawsuits and technology and blockchain and AI and all of the things out there, I want you to understand that no one can ever take your skills away from you. Meaning that if you go out here and really grind, learn this business, crush it, develop incredible skills in terms of building business, sell skills, marketing, finance, the whole nine yards, no one can ever take that away from you. If you crush it in real estate, this is the hardest industry to get into, period. It's the lowest barrier of entry, but 90% of people fail. It is the hardest industry. If you can crush it in real estate, you can go do any industry you want to do. I promise you, right? You can go and once you do crush it, that's what you will do. You'll go do whatever you want to do because you'll have that superpower. That's what I did. And once I crushed real estate, I was like, okay, let me crush social media and understand this game. And then you see what I did. It just took the same thing I did in real estate and applied it over here. And that's what each and every one of you are gonna do. Another thing you need to think about because I'm just trying to jam as much value as I can into this is you do not want to sell real estate forever, I promise you. You may say you do, but you don't know that you don't yet. Okay, it'll come to you. What I want you to realize is that you need to start buying rental properties now. Your goal should be buying one rental property a year, two rental properties a year, three rental properties a year, one every other year, whatever. It should be a goal of yours that you're always saving up for another rental property and build that portfolio. Start now so that in 10 years, when you're burned out for real estate, you can continue selling, but not because you want, not because you need to or have to because you want to for a little while longer and then you can step out completely. It's the end game. Not everybody can become a social media superstar and build businesses online, okay? But everybody can go out and buy rental properties and build a portfolio and ride off into the sunset over the next decade. And it's something everybody needs to think about because most agents only see that horizon of being the number one agent, but they don't see past that. Make a million bucks a year as an agent, earned income as an agent. They don't see past that. And I want to open up your mind a little bit to seeing past that a little bit, okay? So continuing to recap one last thing. I want to make it really, really clear on this communication part is that stop thinking transactions like the agent that I was on the Zoom with who said his job was to sell the listing. No, it's not. Your job is to help the client do whatever it is they're trying to do. And that's not always to do the deal. So I want you to be more open minded when you're talking to your clients and realize this is a lifelong relationship that I'm trying to build here to not only do this deal with them whenever they decide it's time to go forward but to do the 30 deals behind it through repeat and referral business. Because remember, 43% of people picked their agent through referrals. That's massive. 71% of buyers and 81% of sellers went with the first agent they talked to. They didn't interview three agents. So you gotta be A, a great relationship builder and B, first to market.   Okay, I'm, I can't breathe anymore. That's awesome. Was that good guys? Does that help? Let me know in the comments if that was helpful and you wanna do a little Q and A and we're gonna do some at the end or what? Would you stay till the end or are you leaving? When is the end? We have another half an hour, 20 minutes, 25 minutes. We'll see, 4.58. I'm not gonna be able to do that. Listen, if you guys, if somebody has one, anybody have like one or two questions you guys wanna ask Ricky? You're gonna ask in the chat too. Anybody? Well, let me just say this you guys, if you're not following Ricky online, just following. I'm telling you, this guy brings, he brings the gold every day. All right, and he's just an implementer and he brings so much content to light. Just follow Ricky, okay? He's a rock star. Oh, question. Now, how to respond to someone like Sean saying that to you guys. There's a questionnaire. Yeah. Yeah, there. You have to turn it on, you have to turn it on. Hi, my name is Lance. Nice to meet you, Ricky. So why is it a good market to buy rental right now? Good market, the market that you live in more than likely. I buy rentals right here where I live. I just bought five new constructions and an existing. I've got about 40 doors, but I just, I'm closing on three acres at the end of the year to build 46 unit apartment complex. It's all like a couple of miles from my house. Yeah, I see not Southern Cali. There's definitely markets where it's not cash flowing because of prices and stuff like that. I'm in Alabama, so I guess it's easy for me to say. So pick some, pick, that's a good question, right? I'd have to do some research and say, okay, like out of the country, where's the, where's the lower end towns and cities that are up and coming, right? That have a low cost of living and, you know, but have a lot of new strut, new construction. People are moving there because of jobs and stuff. I'd have to do some research to answer that. Hey, come invest in Gulf Shores. Like it's fire. All right, thank you. I have an agent there. I know an agent there. Yeah, he's pretty good one too. I can throw in, if Ricky's right, in hindsight, I would have done it maybe a little bit differently. We have to file tax returns in seven different states because of the differential properties that we own. It's really problematic to manage properties long distance unless you have a great relationship with the property management company. Yeah, it's challenging to say the least. And it's hard to go to seventh level with that because you always get sucked back into it, don't you, Ricky? Yeah, yeah, cool, man. You guys got like one more, maybe like a real estate agent business type question. Yeah, one second. One second. Hey, Ricky, for your weekly emails, how do you come up with topics or how do you do it all in a month and you just create it or you do it every week? So I actually simplified this really, really well, okay? Everybody write this number down and just text me at this number. All right, here we go. One, two, three. Three, one, two. Up, sorry, two, five, one, three, one, two. Two, five, one, three, one, two, eight, eight, four, four. Let's see. Two, five, one, three, one, two, eight, eight, four, four. Just text me there and put your information in. You'll get a link and it'll be like a link tree. And one of the link tree links is literally my weekly email. But I have a four week weekly tip. You can actually see every email I did every week for the last year on that link. Just look at it and copy it. But if you want to use my templates, I have a four week template system where you can just rotate it every month. Like week one is stats of the month. Week two is restaurant of the month. Week three is deal of the month. Week four is news of the month. And you just plug and play, put your opinions in there. A new picture every week and boom. So people have been liking it because it made it pretty simple as far as coming up with weekly content. But I'll give you a tip though, a hot tip. People love, people love new listings. Like if you just have the new listings on there every week, like here's the new listings. I have new listings every single week on there. There's a link to it. People love watching the new listings, watching the closings as they happen. You know, that gives you evergreen, like forever content within that as far as the market goes. And then you just add one little thing. A lot of you are doing too much in your email. Just do one subject because people literally look at sales emails for one second. If they can't click and go like this and see what they need to see and get out of there, then you're going to lose. They're not going to open your email ever again. If they have to go like this or put on glasses or re-paragraphs, they're out. So just go there, follow my little thing. If you don't use the template system, just look at my emails I'm doing and just copy what I'm doing. Did you use constant contact to do that or? Yeah. Great, thank you. Hey, enjoy the guys. Sean, good to see you, bro. Let's catch up. Ricky, great to see you, brother. I could listen to you all day long. I was just like, I was getting to tell Jack just, I'll give up my time. Let me do something. All right, well, thank you so much, Ricky. That was so much go there. And if you haven't followed Ricky yet, just go follow his YouTube and Instagram. Like what Sean was saying, a lot of valuable information and you'll wake up with a bunch of energy too. And he actually has a program called Zero to Diamond as well. You can go Google and join his coaching program. He offers free coaching.


The Secretary of the Navy, or SECNAV, the Honorable Ray Mabus, has come to Naval Support Activity in Naples, Italy. He's here to talk with sailors and Marines. And the key item during this all-hands call is naval presence. We get that presence by four things. It all starts with people, platforms, power, and partnerships. It's that P belonging to people that, according to the SECNAV, makes the Navy strong. And he came to reinforce that. As junior sailors, sometimes we feel a little bit forgotten or lost in the wave. So for him coming and kind of reinforcing our importance as junior sailors in the Navy, that was definitely, it was definitely heartwarming. Naples is the last stop of a 12-day tour of several U.S. commands throughout Europe and the Pacific. Senior and lead by Rouse, Naples, Italy.


Welcome to The Journey. Today, we'll be talking about tips for protecting your business's intellectual property. All businesses have intellectual property or IP. Whether they know it or not. Exactly. You could have created something, you have your brand or a website, but whatever you do have, you want to make sure that you protect it because it's yours. So definitely make sure you take the necessary steps. All right. So let's start talking about those intangible assets. Now these are your ideas, know-how, your processes. They're the foundation of your business and what sets you apart from your competitors. So here are some examples of different types of IPs that every business has but rarely considers. Starting with trademarks. So if you have a specific business name, special name for your products or logo, those are all intangible assets that can be trademarked. And these trademarks are things that are specific to your business, special words or images that you want to make sure that you protect and that are different from everyone else. And what I like about trademarks is they represent your brand, they represent your reputation, what it is, what it's going to be. Just make sure that it's unique to you and your customers, your target audience. Kind of like the coffee and kickflips. Exactly like the coffee and kickflips. And that's why it's important that you're not infringing on anyone else's IP.  When we were thinking of the name, it was difficult at first because just the shared amount of names that are out there, there's a lot of coffee out there, a lot of coffee, a lot of skate brands. So to come up with something unique, yeah, it took some time, took some research, but we're saying that's critical for you to do. Make sure that you aren't doing something too similar to another business or logo or brand that's already out there. And that's why it's so important to really protect your intellectual property because it's not always intentional, but sometimes some other people could actually do what you've already done and you don't want that to happen because that's your baby. So protect your intellectual property. All right, so for our next one, copyright. Any original piece of work that's been produced in a tangible medium is considered a copyright. Think of music, movies. And it doesn't stop there. You can have original website copy, marketing materials and other creative works. The big point here is it has to be an original work that either you've done or you've paid someone else to do. You can't take someone else's work and present it as your own. Now this might seem all pretty straightforward, right? No. It's a large world on the internet. It's easy to get mixed up on where was this original photo from?  And businesses ask me all the time, oh, Emma, so a customer was in my restaurant. They took a picture while they were there. Can I use that for our restaurant's Instagram? I always say ask. Always ask the original photographer of that photo before then sharing it over to your Instagram for your restaurant. All right, so next on our list are patents. Now patents have been a little hard to understand because most times patents have been synonymous with an idea. And I remember when I had a former job in research, there was a gentleman who worked for a company and he came up with an awesome idea. However, the patent on that idea belonged to the company and not him. So it's very important to know all the limitations of patents. So in reality, a patent allows you to exclude anyone else from creating or selling your invention. All right, so just because you've gotten your patent doesn't mean that you just kick your feet up and begin to just have money rolling in.  So if you think, yeah, I have this great idea, then go ahead, get a patent attorney, sort what you do it right, work with an expert. And it's better than trying to just do it on your own. I'll go to Wikipedia and figure it out. That may not work. So next up I want to talk about trade secrets. One of my favorite things to talk about. And it's because this is when you have something about your business or your company that is only known to you, the business. And it reminds me of when I worked at Dagwood's Deli in Bloomington, Indiana. Don't worry, John, I'm not going to give away your secret. But when after we were hired, we actually had to sign a statement that said we would not tell the secret sauce recipe. There was this, yeah, I can't tell you, but there was this great sauce that we put on all of our sandwiches that everyone was just jonesing for. And I can't even remember the recipe, but at the time it was a big deal. I had to keep it a secret for the owner. All right. So trade secrets are processes, formulas or methods that you use to create your product. So like in Emma's case, you want to make sure that you have these agreements in place with those who know your information to keep it confidential under threat of legal action. All right. Let's jump into some tips. I recommend plan ahead because you might not be able to do everything at once or protect everything at once and things pop up. Maybe you need more money than you thought.  And next you want to have an employee agreement. It's an important piece to the IP puzzle. Now this is different than a nondisclosure. And that's right. A nondisclosure is going to protect your IP from any public disclosure. So for example, let's say some people were coming through Dagwood's deli while we're making the secret sauce, they can't then leave the business that day and go replicate it or share that recipe. So the employee agreement keeps your employees from leaking your IP and then a nondisclosure protects you from having people outside your business leaking your IP. Oh, also want to talk about agreements with consultants or vendors. Keep in mind you're paying them for a service, but you still have an IP. This is your property. It's your idea. They can't go and take it. All right. So next you want to make sure that you file the patent application because no one wants to disclose that they have this great idea, that intellectual property before you know it's yours and you own it. So if your product or service has a specific name, make sure you protect that. So for example, remember the Snuggies? The Snuggie? It's so long. You have one? Of course. Like I have two. So that if you have something unique like that, the Snuggie, you can protect it. You'll notice as seen on or TN afterwards. All right. So now let's talk about the internet. If you find something online, it doesn't necessarily mean that it's okay to use. If you're going to use some kind of creative piece of work and commercial purposes, make sure that you reach out to the one that owns the copyright and make sure you have their express consent to use it. For instance, at my job at GoDaddy, most times content creators, if they're using some kind of stock photo, they want to make sure that it's either not copyright protected. So they're going to use it with no problem. Or if it is copyright protected, they want to make sure that they have permission to use that piece of content. Also keep an eye on your competitors. They're using a trademark that's similar to yours or your patented method. What you should do is definitely enforce your IP rights. On that same note, when Survivor first came out, there was actually another show. I'm a celebrity and get me out of here. It was very similar to the Survivor plot. So the makers of Survivor had to actually enforce their IP rights to see if they could get that show off the air, but it didn't quite work. But this is what we were talking about, enforcing those IP rights. And similar to what you probably do at your own store, keep track of all the tangible items, like your mugs, hats. Snuggies. Snuggies, if you have them there. Do the same thing with your IPs. Maybe have a list on your computer or hard copy. Okay, so that's a wrap. You just learned some tips for protecting your business's intellectual property. Make sure that you like and comment on this video. Also be sure to subscribe and ring that bell so you're the first to know when an episode comes out. This is The Journey.


stromatolites as evidence for the earliest life on Earth. If you make a map of the world where you color-coded by how old the surface is, you get a map like this. And you can see that there are various epics. There is the early Cenozoic and Mesozoic and Paleozoic where the dinosaurs lived, but earlier there's the Proterozoic and that's 0.5 to 2.5 billion years ago. But we're talking about the earliest evidence for life on Earth, so we're going back even further. We're going back into the Archean. Now the Archean is 2.5 to 4 billion years ago. Now there's another epic even earlier than that, 4 to 4.5, that's called the Hedean, but there are no rocks there. There are no surface rocks there. So we have to go back to the Archean and say, what are the oldest Archean rocks? And the oldest Archean rocks on Earth are in two spots in particular. They are in Ishua in Greenland and the Pilbara Cretan in Western Australia. Now so those are the epics, those are the ages of rocks on Earth. But let's talk about stromatolites and we have lots of good evidence from modern stromatolites, stromatolites that are alive today and they are in Shark Bay right next to the Pilbara Cretan. And when you go there, it's a wonderful place to go. I've been there, it's a lovely place and you walk out on the boardwalk and you see these mats, these bulges on the beach. And when you cut them open and look at the cross-section you will see that they are microbial mats and you can see that the green is at the top. These are photosynthetic layers and then they're different layers down beneath them that are mildly photosynthetic but also I think heterotrophic.  So it's a very complex ecosystem. When we look at the oldest rocks on Earth we can also see these stromatolites being fossilized. And so these are the oldest macroscopic fossils we have, the earliest evidence of macroscopic life as fossils in the earliest records of rocks on Earth. Here is a plot of the distribution of the stromatolites as a function of time and their diversity as a function of time and this giant one next to this man is 1.8 billion years old but the fossil records show you ones even much earlier, even off the chart here, earlier times 3.4, 3.5, 3.7 billion years old. And so stromatolites of that age 3.4 to 3.7 are the earliest evidence for life on Earth and here are the papers that give us the earliest fossil evidence, the earliest macroscopic evidence for life on Earth and that is 3.4 to about 3.7 billion years ago with these references. But we should point out life therefore had to have existed earlier, even much earlier, because these stromatolites are not simple things. You can't just go like this and have a stromatolite come out of a hydrothermal vent. They are complicated, highly evolved things and so we don't know how long life existed before that. So this is the earliest evidence but it's certainly not the time when life got started on Earth.


Being a Department of Air Force Police Officer is a very unique job. We are a full sworn federal law enforcement agency that is integrated with security forces. We assist them in the protection of the installation from a law enforcement, security, and counter-terrorism aspect of protecting this installation here at Dover Air Force Base. When we first started out, it was definitely a challenge because it's new. When anything new, it takes time to build trust and create relationships. And we have come a long way, especially here at Dover Air Force Base. We have a great crew of Department of Air Force Police Officers and a great crew of active duty, and we mesh extremely well. You wouldn't be able to tell the difference, other than the uniform, the thought process, the mentality, the respect that we have for each other, the teamwork that we rely on, and just like the active duty, we would lay down our lives for one another, and we don't hesitate because of the different uniform. I think they mesh together really well. They do a variety of jobs. They're pretty much a multi-tool, just like security forces. They're just the civilian side of it. Pretty much everything we do, they can be a patrolman one day, a gay guard the next day, they can be a dispatcher, and then I know where I work at now that we have, you know, a daft officer working back there as well, so they can work a variety of jobs. One of the primary reasons why it's important to have daft civilian police officers is the continuity. Essentially, active duty military will come to the installation for a couple of years. After that, we'll move on to another installation. However, we always stay here. We're at Dover Air Force Base. We have officers that have been here 10, 12, 15 years. And essentially, we know this base, like the back of our hand and the area itself. We work with the same personnel over and over again, and we build that trust with the installation itself. Bottom line is it's rewarding, and it's a great opportunity to grow and to see a different side of the law enforcement spectrum.


He breaks the plate. Touchdown! Tell me about your leadership style and how it's evolved throughout your time with the Tennessee Titans. Yeah, I'm more of a show you how I work, type of leader, I can be vocal when I need to be, when it's time to be. And I think the more experience you get throughout the years, the more you evolve as a leader, as a player. And I'm trying to be a better teammate as possible than being impressed by your teammates. How much has leadership helped guide this team through maybe some of the valleys? Leadership builds culture, so everyone knows the standard and how we want to play. Each and every Sunday, how we want to work when we're out on the field, in the weight room, and then tension the detail in the film room letting transition. So I think leadership is setting standards for everybody.  Is that something you had to learn how to manage and kind of understand throughout your playing career?  And through high school, then going to college, then the freshman, then getting older, and then being a junior, being one of the leaders. And it starts over and gets to the league, and you just watch older guys' vets and see how they work, and then when your time comes, you do the things that you were taught throughout the years and let it transition to your leadership to be able to help younger guys as well. Who are some of the leaders on this team for Derek Henry? Yeah, I was like, big Jeff, Jeff Simmons. Throw it up, girl. Throw it up. Communicate, help her, man. Is that rock now? I'm him, man. I'm him. I'm him. De'Andre, he's been a great player and a big vet. Levis looking to throw it. Throws deep downfield. There's Hopkins all alone. 20, 15, 10, 5, and so. Ladies and gentlemen, give him 61 yards. Touchdown Titans. I have an ardent key. Come here and bring energy. Ow! Having the Z's. I'm bringing that type of fan style leadership here. Hey, right here. Hit that moment. This is the final moment in the game. Who gonna be the one to make the play? Yeah, thank you, y'all.  When you're in the running backs room, you're working with younger guys, you're working with guys who are kind of in the mid-range of their career. How do you manage wanting to mentor and helping guys but also recognizing the reality that there's only so many spots to go around? Yeah, just trying to be a resource to them as possible and trying to help them in any way possible. Everything I've learned to help them grow, be a great teammate, and also push them compete. Lead by how I work and then lead by trying to help them teach and do anything I can to help make them better. Henry on his right here. I'm gonna give Henry a chance on the left side. Here he goes, the big lead. To the 25, to the 20, to the 50, to the 10, to the 5, to the end zone. Ladies and gentlemen, the King Test. Oh, that's not a yes. Hell yes! You're not just a leader within the four walls of Ascension St. Thomas Forts Park, though. You're also a leader within the National Football League. There are a lot of guys around this league that look to you as someone who can help them achieve what they want to do in this league, which is have some real attention. Is that a role that you've embraced helping guys not only within the Tennessee Titans, but within the National Football League? Yeah, I think it's always great to have a fellowship with other great players around the league. It's always a good time to pick your brain around guys like Pro Bowl and things like that. And just to hit our perspective, it's always cool to have a fellowship with guys around the league who are great players and also great people. There's really no one else who understands what your day-to-day is like and what your world is like than other running backs in the league, right? There's got to be some camaraderie there. Yeah, definitely. We all have a different playing style, so at the end of the day it's all about running hard, making guys miss. One cup runs, being physical, being able to outrun your opponent. So a lot of similarities in how we train, and the position. You're also so present in the community, not only in Nashville, but in U.E., that not only do you want to help guys within the organization, not only do you want to help other running backs, but you also want to help the community that have given you so much. When you have this platform, you got to use it as much as possible. It's a blessing to be in the spot that I am, and other guys being in the playing in the league and they're their dream. And to be blessed, I think you should consider blessing others. In year eight, you've done a lot of stuff to get your body where you want it to be. You've learned a lot about maintaining how to adjust throughout a season. What is there left for Derek Henry to tweak? I like, as always, running for improvement each and every year. And that's what I try to focus on. I try to be better than the year before. Elevate your game to another level, year after year. And I'll always be my focus, no matter if I'm at the top or not at the bottom. It's always a growth mindset. To be the best that I can each and every year and be better than the year before. You still have things to prove? I still have a lot to prove. And that's always been in my mind. I always feel me. I never say it, but I just go out there and try to showcase by the way I go out there and play how I work.


Hello, thank you for joining me. I'm at Shepardswell Station, Shepardswell East Kent Railway Station because Shepardswell has two railway stations. The other one is on the railway line from Dover, which goes up to Favisham. And if you want to see my video on the East Kent Railway, have a look at the link on screen now, where I enjoy a trip up and down the line. We have a look at all their rolling stock, because what we're going to do now, now I've had my ride on the East Kent Railway, we're going to go and have a ride on the Neese Woodland Railway, which is also on the same site. So I'm going to take you up here out of the East Kent Railway station. So it's a really, really nice railway. I really enjoy my trip on standard gauge line, steam locomotive there. So as I said, do watch that video to see the standard gauge line and what we have there. I'm now taking you up this nice, leafy path that takes us round the end of the railway line and down into the yard, the back of the yard. That is where the miniature railway is. Just show you the main line. So in the East Kent Railway video, I came walking up this drive from the main station, which is just there. There's the main lines. There's the old ship as well. Signal box. We got up here. Now there's actually a miniature railway here. We can walk past this one. It's not running today. We're going to the other miniature railway. I think this one would normally run if there wasn't a pandemic on. So as for this one, it's a racetrack one. As I quite often say, we go to a miniature railway and it's not running. I always say we will come back. So at some point in the future, we'll come back and we'll have a ride on that railway. It's quite short. It just goes up there behind the cafe. But to me, a ride on a miniature railway is enjoyable. It doesn't matter how long or short it is. I just always enjoy any kind of ride. So I'm going to take you down past the cafe to where the Needs Woodland miniature railway is. So I'm effectively retracing my steps because I did do this at the beginning of the East Kent Railway video. One thing I didn't show you properly though, so I will on this one, is this steam locomotive here. St Dunston. It's an industrial tank engine. It's not currently steamable, but it does mean we can have a closer look. We can go and have a look on the foot plate. So we're going to do just that. So here we are. Imagine I'm driving up the old, I'm a driver on the old colliery line with a load of coal wagons. So the train would go out up around there and the railway line goes off down there. We're now going to go across the yard and we're going to go and find the Needs Woodland miniature railway. It's a fairly new miniature railway. Seven and a quarter inch gauge. I believe it opened in 2014-2015. It's gradually been extended and extra routes have been put in. So it's no doubt going to be an interesting ride. And it's always quite nice when you see a miniature railway set against the backdrop of San Diego Railways. On by the way, in those carriages, as you can see, it says model railway. There's a model railway that is also featured in the East Kent Railway video. So like I said, do watch that video. You'll see everything in there. I can see a big sign now saying Woodland Miniature Railway, which I'm excited about. Because I think we're going to have a little ride through the woods on the railway. I've never been to it before. I've never been to East Kent Railway before, as I mentioned in the other video. So today is a completely new day for me. Seeing things I've never seen before, which is what I always enjoy. So this is the Woodland Miniature Railway. Just down here. There's a chalk sign, a bit like you see outside the park. So as we arrive here, firstly there's a track going that way.  As we arrive here, you can see there's a train waiting for the diesel locomotive there. That's the ticket office.  It's getting windy. Maybe that's my train. So this is excited. There's a truck coming down there. This is the station, but the train hasn't stopped. So what we're going to do, I'm going to wait here. I like how they've got some fairly new bits of railway platform. That's a bit different, standard gauge platform for a miniature railway. So we're going to have a ride around the system. And see what they have here.  I then stood here and waited for him to come round again. So I could show you the train.  And here we are in the Neese Woodland. So we now have to walk back. That's because of the COVID situation. So then we don't pass the people arriving at the railway. So I fully understand why they've done that. You can go for walks in these little woodlands. They look quite pleasant. Very nice amongst the autumn leaves in the woodlands. And they're normal times.  So it's a bit sort of wondering where we can see where we're going to go. We're going to come back to where we started. But look, we've sort of walked through. It's like being at a scout camp. Reminds me of my scout days here. All this. And then as I look through the trees, I can already see the standard gauge rolling stock of the East Kent Railway. So I'm going to now probably go and get a cup of tea and then go back to Shepherd's Well station and get my train home. I've had a great day here both at the East Kent Railway and on the Neese Woodland Miniature Railway, which we seem to have found again. Might hang around to the train. Had a great day here. I've really enjoyed it. Thank you very much for watching. Please do feel free to like, subscribe, comment, tell your friends both about Henry's Adventures, the East Kent Light Railway and the Neese Woodland Miniature Railway. From Shepherd's Well. Thank you very much for watching. Goodbye.


The patient presented with intellectual disability, microcephaly, short stature, diabetes, and spontaneous puberty delay. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous mutation in the TRNT-10A gene, leading to a diagnosis of TRNT-10A syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, short stature, diabetes, and spontaneous puberty delay. Additionally, the patient experienced hypoglycemia followed by diabetes in late childhood, suggesting that GH deficiency and primary ovarian failure may be additional findings of this syndrome. This article was authored by Zeynep Sikler, Tuba Kahnpe, Kevin Kaulkluff, and others.