Dr. O. In this very important video, we're going to walk through the key features in this part of the body dealing with the respiratory system. So we won't cover everything. You'll see an image just like this again when we talk about swallowing with the digestive system. We've already covered a few structures like the tonsils when we talked about your immune system. So we're going to try to really focus in on the structures involved in breathing and respiration. So the first thing obviously we've got the nose, the nose in the mouth or two pathways where atmospheric air can enter our conducting system and get down to the part of our lungs where we actually trade carbon dioxide and oxygen. But big thing here, so the nose, you know, you've got your nose would have nose hairs that would help kind of clear some debris out of what you're breathing. But the key structure I think of inside the nasal cavity, inside the nose there, is going to be, you see on the right hand side the nasal conch, which are going to be these structures, these outcroppings that enter into the nasal cavity. And then you see on the left side you see the nasal meiosis. Those are the actual openings, the tunnels they create. So these nasal conch create these tunnels that creates turbulence inside your nasal cavity.  Reason that's important is while this air is swirling, number one, it's being warmed, right? Because your body temperature is warmer than the atmospheric environment, usually almost always. It's being warmed, it's being filtered by nose hair but also mucus, and then it's also being humidified by the mucus and the moisture that's inside of your nose. So when you breathe through your air, just remember your nose, sorry, the turbulence created by these nasal conch, as it swirls through these nasal meiosis, is what filters, warms, and humidifies your air. It's preparing it to be used. You can breathe through your mouth, but if you do, like especially in the winter, that air is usually cold and dry and may have particulates in it and it is going to be harder on you. This is why a lot of people develop exercise induced asthma or other things when they're, especially in the cold, when they're using air that is irritating to the respiratory system. So those are the key features I see up top there. Obviously your sinuses, sinuses play a role in sound production. They certainly have immune roles, especially if they get full of pathogens, but sinuses are primarily there to decrease the weight of your skull bone, but then also play a role with, with how you sound, which is why if your sinuses are all plugged up, it can change sound production. We covered the meiosis. Again, the tonsils, there's a whole separate video on the tonsils. You can see them all here, so I won't go through them again. Here on the left-hand side, we see the opening of the auditory tube. So you've maybe never heard that term, but most people have heard of the eustachian tube. So that's the opening there in the pharynx for this tube here. Your eustachian tube or auditory tube is the tube that connects your middle ear to the, to the back of your throat. And it's there to equalize the pressure that's, that's inside your middle ear. If this gets all plugged up, that can certainly be problems. This is the main reason why children have a lot more middle ear infections than adults, because when you're a child, the eustachian tube, the auditory tube is short and pretty horizontal. As we grow, it becomes more vertical and longer, so it's less likely to get plugged up. So a lot of times ear infections are not even infections, just inflammation or something plugging up this tube leads to a build of a pressure in the ear. All right, so that's the opening there of the audio tube. We'll cover the pharynx, the three parts of the pharynx in a separate video, the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngeal pharynx. We'll come back to that. Same thing with the vestibular folds and the vocal cords there in the larynx. We have a separate video for that. We'll cover the esophagus when we talk about the digestive system. Over here on the right side, we already talked about the nostril and the nose. You'll most often see the nostrils, the opening to the nose itself called the external nares. And then on the inside, where the nasal cavity ends and the pharynx begins, that would be called the internal nares. Not a huge deal, but just in case you see those terms. Hard versus soft palate. So the hard palate is made of most of it's made up of the maxillary bone, but you also have the palatine bone there at the end. The soft palate plays a critical role in swallowing. You see they're the end of the soft palate. You have the uvula, I always call it the barf button, but that's the structure that lifts up when you swallow to make sure things don't exit your nasal cavity. The epiglottis, its job is going to also be during swallowing. So we'll cover that more in a couple of chapters, but it's going to close the glottis, the opening to your trachea when you swallow. So food doesn't go down the wrong pipe. Okay. Everything else in here is going to be covered in other videos, but I really wanted to focus on that nasal cavity there. Just a couple more things. Let me go to, so here you see that the tissue, the cells that line the huge majority of your respiratory tract are going to be pseudo stratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium. Now, I don't really care much about the pseudo stratified part, just means that they look stratified, but they're not, but the ciliated part is going to be very important. And you also see in this image, we have goblet cells. Hopefully remember from earlier chapters about the immune system that goblet cells produce mucus. So the lining of your respiratory tract is going to have a lot of mucus, which is going to help warm and humidify air, but also trap debris and pathogens. That's its primary job. And the ciliated cells, let me show you a good look at some of these tufts of ciliated cells. The cilia, their job is going to be to beat to carry this mucus full of pathogens and debris, carry it up out of your lower respiratory system so you can expel it. You can swallow it or spit it out. So that's just part of the anatomy of this system is constantly producing mucus to capture things and then constantly carrying it away with these ciliated cells. Okay, so that's the nasal cavity and then introduction of some of the other structures around the respiratory system. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Aloha and good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I'm Pauline Schachmachin, your host for Outside In. Today on Outside In and tomorrow on We Like the 1%, we're going to delve into the world of cryptocurrency trading with my guest, Anil Kumar, Senior Trader at ProFX Options. Aloha, Anil. How are you? Can I see you anywhere? Lovely to see you.  Now I can. So you're joining us by Skype in London and it's midnight in London and it's extremely cold in London. But if it makes you feel any better, here's a lovely backdrop for you to enjoy. And we're going to go into cryptocurrency trading today on Outside In and continue tomorrow and discuss more about your company, ProFX Options on We Like the 1%. So let's kick off with a little bit about yourself. Tell us how you got into trading, why you love to trade so much because this is one of my favorite subjects. Great. Again, first of all, Aloha, and thank you for inviting me to this great show. You're right, it is midnight. It's minus five, so I'm envious of your temper. But it's always a pleasure to see you. And yes, thank you in terms of wanting to know a bit about my experience in trading. I've been trading for the last 20 years, everything from futures contracts to forex to now cryptocurrencies. So anything really that moves up and down as a trader, we enjoy on a movement, basically. We like volatility. And you started off with FX and binary options. Is that correct? Well, binary options is much more of the past now. We focus mainly on FX trading, forex trading. That is very popular in the UK and in Europe, actually. I think a lot of people who enter into forex trading start with an idea that it can actually make them lots of money. But as with all great challenges, the journey is a journey about how to become successful at trading. And that's what we do as a company. We teach people how, from very, very basic knowledge to making money on a consistent basis, and also becoming professional, if that's what their goal and ambition is. Perfect options. We're an education company based in London. What we're going to discuss a little bit is foreign currency trading, which is the basis of what cryptocurrency is trying to copy at the moment. And when I traded about 20 years ago, there were various ways of predicting or trying to predict what might happen, whether the market was going to go up or down, whatever currency pair you were focusing on. And one of the techniques I liked, which maybe you particularly don't care for, was the Japanese candlestick charting, which was developed by HOMMA, to predict the price of rice in Japan. So this is one of the techniques in addition to Fibonacci sequences, to ball-in-jabans, there are various techniques where people research and try to see whether they should put a call or a put. In other words, whether the market's going to go, whether that pair is going to go up or going to go down. So there is another Japanese connection recently in the context of cryptocurrency trading, and that is the introduction of Bitcoin itself, the prime cryptocurrency. So would you like to give viewers and listeners a little bit of a background all the way from when Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin about a decade ago? Absolutely. This is a fascinating topic, really, because as a currency trader, we know that traditional fiat currencies are backed by central governments and they're centrally controlled. Up until 1971, the US dollar, for example, was backed by gold reserves. But as Nixon came along and said, look, we want to decouple the US dollar from the gold standard, it basically became a free-floating currency with no real backing with any assets. The value of the currency was really pegged to the behavior, the performance of the country itself. And as time has gone on, less and less money actually has been backed by assets, and more and more has been notional. And really, what we've seen particularly since 2008 when we had the financial crash, trust basically disappeared in central governments and their ability to manage financial institution. And it was really around 2009 when Satoshi Nakamoto came up with a concept that a currency, it's backing. What is this backing? And we all understood that fiat currency was backed by governments and their institutions. But the notion was presented that actually, the problem with having this central control was that there was no real trust in the banking system. So a new form of trust was developed by a white paper that was produced in 2009. And the concept really was that rather than have a centralized currency, it was proposed that a decentralized currency could be created, and created it was. It took a little while before the adoption of the technology or the concept of blockchain and the cryptocurrency sitting on top of it took hold. But essentially what actually happened was that a group of core programmers took on the whole blockchain concept and started to create these critical currencies. At the very, very beginning, the price of each currency were the Bitcoin was something like more points per Bitcoin. And there was no real value placed upon that currency until really about 2011, 2012, when it became apparent to people that they could actually transfer value anonymously. And this became very attractive to places like the dark web, the silk road where goods and services could be transacted utilizing this Bitcoin in total anonymity. And that was obviously attracted to that particular segment. And it wasn't really until about 2013 when the governing bodies, the FBI, the central governments picked up on the fact they wanted to pour it down the illicit trade. And really by more liking this political trade and the anonymity of cryptocurrencies or Bitcoin particularly, it highlighted the fact that it had value, that it had actually the ability to have anonymity and that whole wave of people into the idea that certainly there was a currency that could be anonymous, that could hold value and what could be transferred from peer to peer. And that's really where it took off. And we still don't know, we still don't really know the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto, right? He could be Totoro's neighbour, right? Hopefully mythical because some people argue that it's not one person, that it's a group of people. It is part of the mythology of Bitcoin who created it. But the ethos and the deliberation of the white paper was, but really the decentralization that nobody should actually be controlling it, that it should be controlled effectively by the community and that the value transferred to person to person, peer to peer, was a functional fact that it didn't require it to go through the main banking system, through institutions. And I think that was what the attraction was. And the whole technology behind Bitcoin, which is the blockchain technology, and we'll talk about blockchain a bit later on, is what's really taking off in terms of its functionality, its ability to be useful in that type of transaction actually. So Anil, most experienced traders such as yourself have no fear of Bitcoin. You see it as a wonderful new opportunity. It's just as exciting as when email and internet came out 25 years ago. But for most people, the average person, it's still something a little bit scary. And I think this is because people want to physically touch a form of money. So that old fashioned idea of money is still in their head. Certainly the best money has certain characteristics associated with it. The best types of money, for example, have durability. They're in limited supply. They're accepted by a wide range of people. They're portable. Whereas Bitcoin, it's not fiat currency, and fiat doesn't mean it's not backed by anything. What fiat means it's not nobody's forced to use Bitcoin, because fiat means by decree. So that's not the definition of fiat. It just means no one is forced to use it. So it's something entirely new in the system. And one of the problems that people have with cryptos is that they lack intrinsic value unlike gold and silver. But there are some cryptos that have come up in the past couple of years or so, when things have developed rapidly in the past two or three years in this area, that are being backed by resources. So there is, for example, a company named Digix, which is a gold backed Bitcoin. It's on the Ethereum network. Similarly, running on the Ethereum network just recently announced was the government of Venezuela has developed their own version of Bitcoin, which is called the Petro. And I think they got tired of eating their zoo animals and they ran out of zoo animals to eat. So it's time to come up with something new. And they've come up with the Petro, which is backed by the crude oil reserves in Venezuela, as well as some other natural resources and diamonds that they've got there. So what do you think of these progressions in the crypto world? I mean, it is very interesting what's been happening in the last six to 12 months. It's actually very exciting. There's been a lot of adoption by a lot of nations in embracing this blockchain technology and the cryptocurrency on top of it. Because as you well know, the dollar is all powerful and it has an element of control and the US exerts its control. And I think part of the blockchain and the Petro cryptocurrency is to break away from that pegging to break away from the restrictions that denominating anything in the US dollar can actually cause. And that's, I think, what is a massive change that's happening. I mean, we've got Dubai, which are adopting blockchain. We've got Russia embracing the blockchain technology. So as we get more and more, in fact, Iran I think has just announced that it's going to be creating its own cryptocurrency. So we're going to see more and more and more. And the trend isn't going to stop. And I think as a trader, it's very important to us because the further we go down in adoption, the more and more stable in a way, things become. Because I think there was a notion last year that Bitcoin was here today, born tomorrow. And I think that's what created a lot of fear for people is that, you know, it couldn't be stamped there. But I think what's been happening in the last six to 12 months is that with all the publicity, positive and negative, it brought attention to Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies and the blockchain. In London, for example, we're seeing a massive surge in interest, interest in traditional businesses, looking at blockchain as a function of their business. So going back to the petro, you can see why Venezuela would do this because they're probably restricted in their ability to, you know, make use of their reserves and Petro being the biggest of where they have. They're seeing this as a way of capitalizing on it. Venezuela is another interesting jurisdiction because a lot of mining and a lot of people have been using Bitcoin as a method of exchanging goods and services. And I think them adopting a culture dollar, I think is actually, you know, in many ways, a very, very interesting development. And we're going to be watching that very closely. Okay, wonderful, Anil. Before we get into the speculative investment side, which is the dominant sphere of what cryptos are taking up at the moment since it's not a fiat or it's not a currency by decree, we're just going to take a quick break and we'll go into the investment side of it and the trading side. So we'll be right back after this quick break. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. I just walked by and I said, what's happening, guys? They told me they were making music. Aloha, my name is Mark Shklav. I'm the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea. Law Across the Sea comes on every other Monday at 11 a.m. Please join us. I like to bring in guests that talk about all types of things that come across the sea to Hawaii, not just law, love, people, ideas, history. Please join us for Law Across the Sea. Aloha, everybody. Welcome back to Outside In. We're talking with Senior Trader at ProFX Options, Anil Kumar. Now, we did the basics of Bitcoin, Anil, and we want to get into the underlying technology because there's no reason to be afraid of blockchain. There might be some reason to be afraid of ICOs. They could be frauds and scams. But we did a two-part blockchain with Professor Minelli, who was also joining us from London about a month ago, and we went quite in-depth into what blockchain is. But we're going to focus on blockchain in the context of trading cryptocurrencies with you because the block size is what is important. The block size is what caused that fork, that rift between Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Cash. Is that correct? What actually happened with that fork, if we're specifically talking about that, is that when Bitcoin was conceived, it actually had limitations in the amount of information that could be contained in that. It was limited by a certain amount of space. And what has been happening is that as more and more people come on with new ideas and want to use these cryptocurrencies, there's been a diversion from the original code to expand the code. And I think Bitcoin Cash was one of the first we saw of that. But certainly what we're seeing more and more is that the industries are supposed to look at how they can utilise cryptography on the block size to encapsulate things like smart contracts. Smart contracts is why the expansion has been needed. And a smart contract is, without going into too much detail, is basically an obligation, but a token or a currency that has a function that will, through its contract, have an obligation to fulfill. It's quite a complex subject in terms of smart contracts. But that's why we're having this expansion of block size to allow for the facility to make more use of it. Because the issue between Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Cash is that the blockchain developers are purposely keeping the block size small. And that wasn't really Satoshi Nakamoto's original vision. It was to get more people on board to have small transaction fees. And by the blockchain developer keeping the blockchain small, you can increase the transaction fee, which is what is happening. And then the Bitcoin Cash people said, no, this isn't right. So they increased their block size to, I think, eight megabytes. Is that right? So their transaction fees can be lower. But people are trapped in either of these two spheres. And then there are these things like Lightning Hub, I think. But I don't know how we can get out of this problem. Because people can have both Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Cash in their wallet, in their e-wallet. Yeah, there's a community, isn't there? There's true die-hard Bitcoiners who don't want any change whatsoever. And then there's the others that want to fork off and try and do different things for different reasons. And sometimes it's monetary. They want to control the forks and be able to make money for themselves. Whereas the traditional Bitcoiners are much more focused on the ethos and the plan for the whole idea of decentralized ledger, distributed ledger, and the ability to do transaction and store wealth. I think there's a divergence of these communities, basically. And I think that's what we're seeing more and more. But I think the change is coming where I think it's going to become much more blockchain-orientated rather than just the conditional currencies that we see at the moment. I think the functionality of blockchain is really coming to the fore now. Okay, now let's go into the possibilities of trading in cryptocurrencies. So we've got FX, the standard currency pairs in fiat money, such as pound dollar, pound euro, euro yen, these kind of trades. And one of the disadvantages in the FX market is that it's only open five days a week, right? It's 24 hours, but it's only five days a week. Now, the advantage with the cryptocurrency trading, because it's in a virtual world and it's all markets, is that it's open 24-7. Is that not correct? So now we're getting into the sphere of how to trade cryptocurrencies and how to make money from the movements. That's kind of our specialty. The underlying technology is all very interesting, but what we really care about is how can we capitalize on these movements? The problem I suppose with cryptocurrencies is that you have three problems. One is where to buy it safely. The second is where to store it safely. And the third is where to trade it. And all these three problems are kind of unique cryptocurrencies, whereas with fiat currencies, a lot of them are in regulated markets, the movements are regulated, the brokers are regulated. So we're moving from a regulated to an unregulated sphere, which adds a number of elements of risk, but it's not a risk that should be overestimated. I think if you take care of where you buy your cryptocurrencies, where you store your cryptocurrencies and where you trade cryptocurrencies, you can actually take advantage of the volatility that exists in cryptocurrencies that is less volatile in fx markets. And you may say, well, is volatility good or bad? As a trader, we like volatility. We don't want currencies just to be going flatlining. So that's why it's attracting a lot of people into the crypto space is because they see these movements anywhere from 5% to 10% to 20% moves a day, where in traditional fiat currencies, we might see 1% or 2% of these. So we can see as played as why people are getting attracted to trade cryptocurrencies over and above fiat currencies. Yes, the common misconception is that, oh, Bitcoin already went up to 19,000, it's dropped back to 15, now it's dropped even further, about 5,000 more. And people always tell me it's too late for me to get into it. And I say, as a trader, you never think it's too late. You get in on the pullback. And a lot of people aren't aware that you can actually make money when a pair or an investment goes the opposite direction. They think it should always be going up or being green. So that's a call. And that's the kind of bet you place. But you also make money when the price drops. So that's a put in currency trading. So there is still a chance. It's never too late to get in on it, but you want to get in when it pulls back, like it's doing now, right? We saw the markets, we saw Bitcoin particularly reach almost 20,000 before December. And the reason it went so high is because from August, September, October, more and more news channels were starting to talk about cryptocurrencies, where more and more were talking about these tremendous moves. There was a lot of hype about where Bitcoin could potentially go by lots of characters. And with anything pulling, it's all about supply and demand. And what happened between September and December was that everybody wanted to buy. And when you have demand, and when everybody wants to buy, that naturally pushes the prices up. And with almost every asset price, it will reach a price where it becomes too expensive. And in December, we saw that. So this natural pullback that was predicted by us actually, because it needed, it shot up so far, so quickly that pullback was actually natural and required. We're seeing Bitcoin around 10,000 and we're starting to see a bit of strength back in again. And its behavior, and as you probably know, we trade algorithms, we trade patterns. And the patterns we're seeing in Bitcoin are very, very familiar to us, because the market is made up of buyers and sellers. And buyers and sellers have that same emotional fear and grief element to it. So when people say to me, when is the right time to buy cryptocurrencies? As you rightly said, wait for the pullbacks. And it's definitely pulled back. And, you know, whilst I don't want to predict where it's going to go in the market to take advantage, as you said, when the market's going up or when the market's going down. And what Bitcoin is usually pegged against is the US dollar. So that's why you'll see the insignia USD slash BTC. This is the code for the US dollar and Bitcoin currency pair transactions. But it is now possible, obviously, because the Ethereum network is building up to trade Bitcoin against another crypto like Ethereum. So you'll see the insignia BTC slash ETH for Ethereum. So this is quite exciting. And do you have a preference for trading cryptos against cryptos? Or would you prefer to trade cryptos against fiat currency? So there are two elements to that question, actually. One of the things that we've seen is that banks aren't particularly fond of cryptocurrencies. And they've done a lot of things in the last few months to sort of make it more difficult, things like not allowing people to use their credit cards, which actually is a good thing to buy cryptocurrencies. The second part of your question really is trading one currency once the other. There are a lot of exchanges out there which don't even accept fiat currency. They allow you to import your Bitcoin, and then you can use your Bitcoin to trade it against other currencies, whether it's Ethereum, whether it's Ripple, whether it's any of the top currencies can be traded against each other. And it's trying to remove its requirement to trade against a fiat currency. And it's very important, you mentioned top currencies, because we advise everybody to go to CoinMarketplace.com. This lists the thousands of coins that are on display at the moment. For traders, it's typically advised that they trade only the top 10 coins. So these include entities like Bitcoin Core, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin. So these are safer than hobo nickels, for example, that we were looking at. I mean, safety is a word that I'll just caveat, because everybody should understand every type of trading is risky, and you should only really risk an amount that you can risk. Yeah, because trading is not for widows and orphans, right? And like going to a casino, be prepared to lose whatever you invest in that kind of thing. I always tell my students that, and I tell everybody that trading is risky, and that they should be careful. It's not a one way street. We saw people who were telling me that they bought Bitcoin at 5,000, now it's 15,000, and they were thinking they were rock stars. But a rock star in trading is very simple when the market's going up. It's how you handle yourself when markets go down. And I think that's what we've seen a lot of people crying about, is that they don't know how to trade it in a downward market. And that's the point I wanted to make a bit earlier on. The difference between investing and trading. Investing is where you would buy Bitcoin and you just hold it for whatever duration you want, whether it's one month, six months, 12 months, five years, and you don't care too much about the upward and downward movements. Traders, we like the upward downward movements, and we can take advantage of those in either direction, as you mentioned earlier. And with the advent of futures contracts being offered against Bitcoin, it's made it a lot easier to be heading techniques to make sure that we can take some of the volatility out of selling Bitcoin, for example. Currently, only Bitcoin has a futures contract, but I can see a time when Ethereum and some of the top currencies will also be taking on futures contracts on regulating market, but let's wait and see. And of particular interest to a lot of people are the privacy coins, is that correct? Like Monero and Zcash are doing very well, because people are fearing for their safety on the cryptocurrency platforms, aren't they, or the cryptos themselves? Yeah, so again, there's two elements to the question. One is the privacy of who actually owns that cryptocurrency, that it can't be traced back to them. That's one type of people that may be looking for that and may be interested in that. But in a peer-to-peer nature of Bitcoin, for example, if I wanted to transfer a Bitcoin to you, we could do it privately and we wouldn't need anything else to do that yet. Okay, Anil, thank you so much for joining us on Outside In. We're going to continue this discussion because you're my last two-part guest on one of my favorite subjects, and we'll see you tomorrow on We Like the 1% in the evening at your time, morning at 11 as usual here. Aloha, Anil, and thank you, and see you tomorrow. Aloha, everybody. We'll see you tomorrow and We Like the 1%. Aloha, thank you.


Hey, this is Brett and this 2017 Ford F350 Crew Cab Long Box Dual Rear Wheel Lariat Ultimate is stock number 13265Z. I'm here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, near new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2017 Ford F350 has the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our server shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around, inside, underneath, start it up and take a look under the hood in this video and this might be one of the lowest mileage 2017 F350s on the road today, just about 2600 miles on this truck, amazingly low miles. If you have HD capabilities, turn them on now because I shoot everything in 4K and it's your best way to check out the quality condition options and cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. White platinum tricote over caribou brown is the color scheme and just take note of how clean this box side and the doors are on this truck. Front fenders in great shape as well. If you like the video and how I do things here at Summit Auto, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash summit auto, click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Auto. This one comes with the polished aluminum rims. You can see just how nice they are and it has Michelin LTX AT tires. These are LT24575 R17s and they have just about all tread left on them. Frame and underbody is exceptionally clean. You get the Rancho shocks, part of that FX4 off-road suspension package and the front fender is in excellent condition as well. This one does have the LED headlamps, LED running lights and the factory LED fog lamps. Front bumper and lower valence are in excellent condition. It does come with the chrome tow hooks and the chrome trim grille. This one also has the 360 cam and the hood is in excellent shape as well. Didn't see any dents or dings on there. This is everything that you would hope to get out of a 2000 mile truck. Very very clean. Didn't see any imperfections, didn't see any dents, didn't see any dings, scratches, nothing like that. And as you go down this side the truck just take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. And I take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing a vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at. Before you even get here, so when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. Very clean down that side. And once again, if you wanted to subscribe to that YouTube channel in the upper right hand part, it's going to use a subscribe button.  Back tires just as much tread as the front tires. This one does have rear airbag suspension, frame and underbody, exceptionally clean. It does have the camper package with the anti-sway bar there. And I mean even the exhaust looks brand new on this truck. It does have some camper bars installed. Cab corners obviously look really good. And the factory chrome step bars are absolutely perfect. You do get the chrome tipped exhaust and coming around to the back of the vehicle, rear bumpers in great shape. It does have the backup parking sensors, full towing package, which includes receiver hitch for pin and seven pin wiring. And the tailgate is in excellent condition as well. You do get the tailgate step assist, shock down assist on that tailgate, spring and bed liner, LED bed lighting, bed mat, side box tie downs, has a seven pin wiring for a fifth wheel gooseneck and those LED lights work nicely. Does have the cargo cam and just a very, very clean back here. For full disclosure, this back rim, excellent condition as well. And we'll check out the interior, which is just as nice as the rest of the truck. This one does have the door code entry. You do have the code for this truck and if you ever want to figure out what your door code is for your 17 to 22 super duty in the upper right hand part of the screen, I got a video showing you how to do that. Blind spot monitoring the mirrors, directional signals, power fold in, power telescope out. I'll show you how that works in just a second as well. Inside the Lariat Ultimate package gives you the tan leather interior. There are no rips, there are no tears on the seats. The floor mats, both these front seats are heated and cooled and power. You do get power pedals, power drop down tailgate, auto headlamps, power telescopic and tilt steering wheel, power windows, power locks, power mirrors, memory driver's seat and the ignition's got to be on for those mirrors to work, so I'll show you that in just a second. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats, no rips or tears back here. It does have the latch, child safety system, power sliding rear window with the built in rear defrost and you do get a collapsible floor back here, storage area, factory floor mats and it comes with a set of aftermarket, all weather floor mats, I'm sorry, as well. These back seats are heated on the outboard side and you do get a 110 volt, 400 watt max plug in as well as a 12 volt power point back here. Also has a sticker on the center console there, it's pretty crazy. Child safety locks on the back doors and I mean this truck basically looks like new all over. We'll hop inside and check out the miles, the radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. So I was a little off, 2,730 miles on this truck, instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You do get a digital speedometer and compass display on there, instrument clusters. Nice has the adaptive cruise control, regular cruise control on the leather wrapped steering wheel, information center controls on the left, Bluetooth and audio controls on the right. This one does have the six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift and this steering wheel is heated. You know that because on the sync eight inch radio here you can get your heated steering wheel there. It does have AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You have the factory navigation system on there as well, there's highway 41 so you know that's working nicely. You do get the 360 camera right there as well, there's your front camera view. You get a wide view of that and even water view, you get the surround cam and then you also have the backup camera right there and then you can go take a look at the cargo cam as well and you can see that is all working very nicely.  This one does come with two cup holders, not as four cup holders, that's my magic trick. Keyless entry, remote start and power drop down tailgate on the key fob there and that is in nice shape as well. You get a 12 volt power point, another 110 volt, 400 watt max plug-in, dual glove boxes and the passenger side seat is in excellent shape as well. This one does have the panoramic sunroof, so the fixed second row glass and the power front sunroof. You do get six auxiliary up-fit switches, map lights and home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems and I told you I'd show you these mirrors, there they go, they power fold in nicely, they power fold out like so and then they do power telescope out and in and one more time out and in so they all work really nicely. We'll start it up, take a look under the hood, we'll also check out all those LED headlights and fog lights up front, starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you'll be able to verify the quality, condition, options and cleanliness of this truck all the way around which was pretty easy, it's nice when they only have 2,700 miles, you can see just how nice and bright all those lights are, the cab lights are working nicely too and really kind of neat to do some of these older trucks with such low miles. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine and Jimé's very clean runs very smooth, once again this truck has been fully safety to end inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go, there is your emissions sticker and I would highly recommend this truck for make quality and condition standpoint, I don't think you'll find a lower mileage nicer 2017 Ford F350 Larry Daltameth in this one and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, 3 quarter tons, 1 tons, you name it, we got to go to that website right there, summonauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summonauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summonauto, remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there, quick bell notifications we'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at summon automotive, in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my youtube channel in the upper left, link to more F350 videos like this on the upper right, a link to this vehicle on the website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest youtube videos in the lower right, quick those check us out and we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean super low mileage 2017 Ford F350 Larry Ultimate in white platinum over a caribou brown, thanks again for checking out the video remember to like, subscribe and share on the youtube channel I really appreciate it, thanks again.


Thank you, everybody, for coming to our talk on a Friday afternoon, last day of KubeCon, for leveraging OCI 1.1 for enhanced S-BOM integration and vulnerability scanning in Haber. I'm here with my co-speaker, Shenmin Yu. My name is Anes Orles. I'm jumping in for Tepe, who can sadly not be here today due to family commitments. Hi, everyone. I have to see you all in this KubeCon session. My name is Shenmin Yu, a software engineer from Boca. I've been in the computing industry for about three years now, and currently I am a maintainer of the Haber project. And my daily work includes release management of the Haber project and Haber OSS and issue-charging PR review of both of them, and Jenkins pipeline maintenance, also bug fixing. And I'm really honored and thrilled to be here, and I can't wait to share with you the topic of leverage OSS-BOM 1.1 for enhanced S-BOM integration and vulnerability scanning. Awesome. So this talk was originally submitted as well by Tepe Fukuda, who's working with me on the open source team at Aqua Security. Now he's the person who created Trivi originally, which will be used as well during this talk. Now I'm an open source developer advocate at Aqua Security and closely working with Tepe and on Trivi. Now for the agenda, for those who are also watching the recording, this is what will be covered in this talk. First, a little bit of an introduction and background on what are S-BOMs, why do we even need S-BOMs? Then we will look at the OCI spec version 1.1, as well as their referral API. We will look at the S-BOM integration in Haber and the Haber pluggable scanner spec version 1.2, as well as how we integrate it in Haber scanner. Trivi integration, we will have a live demo and hopefully lots of time for Q&A. All right, and I'm just curious like how many of you have heard of Haber? Please use your hand. Cool, nice. And how many of you have regularly or occasionally used Haber, I've probably registered for your company or for yourself to serve images? Cool. For those of you who are not familiar with it, Haber is a CNCF graduate project with more than 22,000 starts and around 2.5,000 folks in GitHub. And Haber is also an open source registry that allows users to do with role-based access to poor and poor images. And I'm using it to be the cloud, to be the cloud native repository for Kubernetes. Awesome, who has heard of Trivi before? Who uses Trivi without Haber? Who uses Trivi in Haber? Awesome, so maybe after this talk, more people are gonna use Trivi within Haber. So Trivi is an all in one cloud native open source security scanner. It has lots and lots of different functionality, but in this talk specifically, we are gonna focus on vulnerability scanning and S-bomb generation. Now we've just crossed 20,000 stars about a month ago, so if you use Trivi, we would highly appreciate a star. Same with Haber. As mentioned, Tapper was the one who started. Trivi was originally just a vulnerability scanner for container images. You can find more on the Trivi.dev website. Also, if you want to connect with Tapper, then the Trivi GitHub repository is probably the best place. Now getting started with S-bombs, since that's gonna be a common theme and common component in this talk, what are actually S-bombs? Who is using S-bombs on a day-to-day basis? Okay, a few people. So S-bomb stands for Software Bill of Materials, and it basically allows you to generate an inventory list of a resource. Now that resource could be a container image, it could be a file system, and the S-bomb basically details all of the libraries, all of the components used within that container image. So while the container image has several different layers, the S-bomb exposes all of the components within each layer. Now, usually when we talk about incidents, security issues, we talk about how we can make our services more observable. We don't necessarily talk about what can we do to prepare for security incidents. Now one of the things that organizations can do is generate S-bombs. S-bombs allow you to easily identify what resources you use, so in a case there are new vulnerabilities released, you can easily identify if you are affected by those vulnerabilities. The overall average cost per incident per year increases each year, and organizations have to find new ways to minimize the impact of these incidents. Now, S-bombs are also enforced by, for example, the White House executive order that any organization that works on a national basis has to generate S-bombs for their software. Now, S-bombs can be pushed to OCI registries, similar to how you can push container images, helm charts, signatures for your container image, or attestations. Attestations are basically claims that you make of your resources. All of that can be pushed to container registries, to OCI compliant registries. And basically the OCI framework allows you, OCI specification, allows you to push all of these different artifacts to any registry, so you can interact with all of the registry in a similar way. Now, this is how an S-bomb could look like. This is an SPDX S-bomb. Another popular format is Cyclone DX. You could generate both with Trivi. S-bombs are not supposed to be human readable. You are not supposed to go into the SPDX JSON file and actually read your S-bomb. The S-bomb is supposed to be used in combination with your other resources, such as container images, to understand what's going on within. Now, you could push the S-bomb to other OCI registries. The thing is, if your registry is, uses OCI version 1.0 or lesser, then you cannot correlate resources, meaning you might have lots of S-bombs, lots of container images, signatures, but you can't actually attach them to each other. For that, you will need OCI version 1.1. And OCI version 1.1 has to refer API. The refer API allows you to do this. Basically, you can have, for example, a container image, you can sign the container image, push that also alongside the container image to the registry, attach an attestation, a claim that you make about your container image, you can attach the S-bomb, and so forth. So you basically have a tree of dependencies of your different resources. Now, if you want to learn more about OCI spec version 1.1 and the refer API, here are two really great talks that I highly suggest you to check out. All right, let's move to the section of S-bomb integration in Harbor. Firstly, we will cover one concept called accessory. Then we will talk about two methods to fix the S-bomb files into your artifact in Harbor. One of them is to manually put an S-bomb file using third-party CRR tools, such as 3V and ORAS. And the other way is to automatically generate a S-bomb and associate it to an artifact long image pushed to Harbor. Then we will have one plan feature which is scan a S-bomb for vulnerabilities instead of scanning the artifact itself for vulnerabilities. What is an accessory? An accessory is just like an ordinary OCI artifact but linked to a subject artifact via the subject descriptor. In Harbor, we have an artifact accessory table storing the relationship between the subject artifact and the accessory. The mapping between the accessory and its subject artifact is N2-1, which means multiple accessories can be attached to one single subject artifact and as we can see on the right side of this page. Well, you may have questions like why we need accessories. Accessories extends Harbor's capabilities of storing extra data such as S-bomb and signature information like coser and notation. And it is also the way Harbor incorporates OCI spec 1.1 and the reference API. And how about the life cycle management of accessory? It can be deleted independently in the Harbor portal web UI and it will be garbage collected along with its subject artifact. When a user triggers a replication job, if there is any accessories in the source registry, it will be replicated to the destination registry together with its subject artifact. This page contains the command to generate a N2-bomb file using QV, and it also shows us how to manually associate an S-bomb to an artifact using QV or ORS. This is what it looks like on the Harbor web portal after manually associating an S-bomb file to an artifact. Please note that the type of accessory that are manually associated to the artifact is subject.accessory. And we can also display a tree view of the relationship between the accessories and its subject artifact using ORS CLI. Then like how to automatically generate an S-bomb and associate it to a subject artifact. We can do that go to the project configuration tab and select the automatically generate S-bomb on push checkbox and then click the save button. After that, we can duck or push an image to this project that was configured previously. And we can see there is a S-bomb automatically generated as an accessory to this op-amp image. And please note that the type of this automatically generated S-bomb is Harbor.S-bomb instead of the accessory, subject.accessory. We have one planned feature, which is scanning S-bomb for vulnerabilities. This feature will be designed to be configurable via the system settings. And it scans the S-bomb automatically generated by the Harbor beauty and trivia adapter. So for those S-bombs that are manually attached to artifact in Harbor will not be scanned. If there is no such automatically generated S-bomb present, then it will fall back to the subject to scan the subject artifact itself. By having the feature of scanning S-bomb for vulnerabilities, it will eliminate the procedure of repeatedly analyzing the container images and making the scanning process much more efficient. In addition to that, it also provides us with a comprehensive visibility. Next, let's move to the section of Harbor plugable scanner spec 1.1. Essentially, there are three APIs defined in the Harbor plugable scanner API. The first one is the get method data. And the second one is post scan. And the third one is get the scan report. After finding the request to the metadata API, it will return a JSON string containing the scanner information such as the scanner name, the vendor, and the scanner version. And it also contains the capability info and the properties info we can see in the next slides. On the left-hand side is the probabilities info. We can see that there is a bunch of environment variables returned by the scanners. And on the right-hand side is the capabilities info. Essentially, it tells us what the scanner is capable of. In this case, the scanner is capable of doing vulnerability scanning and S-form generation. These capabilities are feared if to make sure that Harbor and the scanner are on the same page. When posting a request to the scan API, it requires some kind of payload. In this payload, we can specify the registry information, the artifact information, and the values for enabled capabilities. These enabled capabilities are essentially to ask the scanners exactly what to do. In this case, Harbor is asking the scanner to generate an S-form in SPDX format. If everything goes well, then a 202 will be returned as a scan response along with a scan request ID. And this request ID will be used to retrieve the scan report, which we'll see in the next step. In case of anything going wrong, then different error code will be returned based on different scenarios. A scan request ID is required to get a scan report. And we also need to specify the S-form middle type in the query path as a parameter to get an S-form report. The value of accept the header to get a vulnerability report, the value of accept header to get the vulnerability report is different from the one to get the report of the S-form generation. And this is the response to the request of getting an S-form report. And we can see that the S-form data is wrapped into the S-form field. And the middle type field tells us the S-form is in SPDX format. So as you can see, most of the work has actually been done within Harbor as part of the Plugable Scanner spec version 1.2. So Trivy itself can't directly communicate with Harbor. It doesn't know about the Plugable Scanner spec by itself. For that, it needs the Harbor Scanner Trivy integration that we have written in addition. And that basically implements the APIs that you have just seen. So basically, the Harbor Scanner Trivy is implementing the Plugable Scanner spec version 1.2. And that makes it possible for Harbor to basically request from the Harbor Scanner Trivy, hey, what capabilities do you have? What can you actually do for me? And it's basically then able to translate the Harbor Scanning MPI into Trivy commands. So it then is able to serve Trivy functionality to Harbor and say, here's actually what I am able to do. I can generate S-forms for you or I can perform vulnerability scanning. So let's see how that works in action. So I'm here just in a normal Ubuntu VM where I have Harbor installed and running. So we can go to my UI. And here is just my Harbor interface. If you have used Harbor before, this will probably look very familiar to you. Now for those who are new to Harbor, here basically my different projects and projects correspond to, if you're familiar, in Docker Hub with user IDs. So for example, in Docker Hub, my user ID would be a nice release. Versus here, I can set up my project names. So I'm going to set up a new project name, going to call it dev2, set that up, and I can go into my new project. As you can see, there are no resources yet. I haven't pushed anything yet to my dev2 project. Now what I want to do first is, as detailed before on a screenshot, I want to set up automatic S-bomb generation when I push a new artifact. Because that makes my life a lot easier if Harbor just does it for me instead of me having to care whether my container images have S-bomb. Again, if you don't have a registry, if you don't use a registry with the latest OCI spec, then you cannot correlate container images to S-bombs. They will be separate, and you would have to make the connection manually. Now if we have an S-bomb attached to our container image, then a security scanner, such as Trivi, can use the S-bomb instead of the container image for scanning. So it doesn't have to, as mentioned, analyze the separate layers that we have in our container images. Now I'm going to be very boring, and I'm going to copy paste commands because my hands are very shaky when I'm presenting. So here we're going to first pull a new container image. This is just going to pull from Docker Hub. And if I now do Docker image LS, I can see here is my new container image that I just pulled. Now I can go ahead and directly push it to Harbor. I first have to re-tag it to tell it actually now, instead of Docker Hub, where I got you from, you need to use Harbor instead. So we're going to re-tag that. As you can see here, we are going to use the new project that I've just created in Harbor. Once we have re-tagged it, we can go ahead and we can push it to our Harbor instance. Now this should be in Harbor now. So if I go back to my projects, I go to my dev to project, maybe fresh. It's not here. Access repository. I have to look in first. Cool, I didn't do that. OK, Docker log in, right? Is that how you? OK. Oh, yeah, admin. Let's do it again. One second. Live demos, huh? Yeah, now you see my password. Great. One second again, as I said, nervous. Cool, let's push our container image again. Now that we've done that. OK, so here we have the digest 2628. We can refresh. And here we have our container image, our Alpine container image. And within here, it already performed the vulnerability scan, just checking that I'm in the right project. It already performed a vulnerability scan. And here I have the image digest 2628. Why is it done now? No, I did it exactly negative before. One second, let's go back to the configuration. It worked exactly before. We have enabled it, maybe because I locked in again. See, it's not showing this time. We have a little hiccup. So usually, you would see right here your S-bomb attached, which it worked every time we did it before in the live demo. Now, at this time, it doesn't want to work. So let's retry that. Let's we save this. Going back to our project. And then maybe let's just delete it. And we push it again. Good thing we have time. For the new project, maybe? A new project? Let's try to push it first again. Let's go here in it. No, it doesn't want to generate it. OK, let's do it a new project. Three. Yeah, let's go into the new project. Configurations. Automatically generate the S-bomb. Save to our projects. Let's push it to Dev3. Let's go into Dev3. OK, good thing you can also manually push an S-bomb, generate an S-bomb, and push it. So that's what we're going to do next, which I wanted to show you anyways. So we are going to generate a new S-bomb for SPDX JSON for our Alpine image. And we're going to push that to Harvard. So here we have our new Alpine SPDX JSON. Now, as you can see, you wouldn't necessarily read it through the S-bomb yourself. You would push it to your container registry, which we're going to do next. And we do that with the Trivi-Vefura plugin. Now, how Trivi works, we have several different plugins which expand upon the core Trivi functionality. You can generate your own plugins as well. This plugin is specifically written for you to interact with OCI registries and look at all of the, for example, accessories that are in Harvard. You can use the Trivi-Vefura plugin for that. So we're going to put our S-bomb to it. And nothing wants to work this time. Error for our getting image error, getting your S-bomb there. Oh, because I have to retag it. One second, let's put it into our Harvard registry. Okay, successfully pushed the referral. Let's go back to our registry and refresh. Let's look at the app and container image. And now we can see here is the S-bomb that we have manually pushed. Now, obviously, this would be different. This would say Harvard S-bomb if it was automated. I'm not sure while it doesn't work this time. I literally did the live demo three times this morning. So should we try one more time? Or do you want to try? Maybe it's my hand. Maybe I did something. Yeah, we did a preparation on this demo. If today it works perfectly, I'm not sure what happened. And yeah, but in fact, the automatically, the S-bomb generation and those applications should be working fine in the Harvard project. And if it's not in the latest Harvard release yet, it will be available in Hubble 2.11.0, which is our next minor version. So stay tuned. Should we try one more time? We have, oh, well, we are close to time. Yeah, I'm not sure why it doesn't work this time. One more time. Let's delete it. Let's delete our specific container image and go ahead and, not this one, and push it again. Maybe it just takes some time. Maybe it's the conference Wi-Fi voices. Yeah, we can just wait for the, just wait for the, waiting for our release of Harvard 2.11. It should be available there. Awesome, we will publish a working team later on. But ultimately, how it would look like is on the screenshot. You would have, instead of the accessory, you would have harbour.s-bomb written there, so you know it's the automated version. Now, here you can find additional resources, also the discussion to harbour. So if you're interested in the latest development in harbour, get involved there. Give us feedback, give them feedback on the UX and just your use cases as well. And if you have any questions, once you try it out yourself, also reach out in the CNCF Slack channel on harbour. And we also have an aqua security open source Slack where you can reach out to the trivia maintainers. Now, we would highly appreciate your feedback of this talk. We have some time for Q&A. But if you could leave some feedback, that would be amazing as well. Thank you. If you have any questions, there are two mics in the middle of the room on each side. Is there anything in there? I didn't do anything. I did it three runs this morning. So I have a quick question. So I'm, we don't use OCI images yet, but I'm thinking of using them for configuration. So not container images, but just Kubernetes configuration. I'm also not very familiar with Sbombs. Would I use an Sbom for an OCI image where I've pushed just YAML configuration? Would that be useful at all? Or essentially, like, you can first set any files to the harbour artifact using an unclient trivia or this file will be attached to the web saved in the harbour repository as an accessory. Yes. But just to clarify, just for your YAML manifests, you wouldn't generate an Sbom. The Sbom is, for example, for your file system, for your source code to know, as you, for example, ship release, you could tell people here are all the libraries used within. So that would be more the use case for an Sbom. Or, for example, you would attach the Sbom, provide that on your container registry, if your images are used by third parties. So you wouldn't directly, you wouldn't use it for your configuration files. Thank you. So thanks for the presentation. I'm curious whether there's something planned regarding vaccinating or implementing vaccinating for Sbom there on harbour. Because I think yesterday it was a presentation about vaccinating images and getting rid of specific vulnerabilities, for example. Like, you can basically ignore them if they're not relevant for the service that you're building. Something like that planned as well for harbour. Is there plans for VEX documents in harbour? Yeah, VEX documents. For VEX. You know, VEX vulnerability exchange, exploit exchange? Any, actually, like any files or data can be associated, could be associated to artifacting harbour like that and... So for example, if I'm company A and I have, I'm providing the container images with Sbom's on whatever God knows what in my registry and people are using it. It's on the vendors where you're using or on you where you're pulling the container images from. For example, if you pull third party images, you scan them before you push them to your own registry, harbour in that case, you could also pull their VEX documents, put them into harbour in the same way. It's just on you to basically pull and push the documents. So it's for you to then do something with it or for the vendors, your vendors, to provide them to your VEX documents. Yeah, so we are building our own images and then pushing them to harbour to just fetch them. And so we would need to create these documents on your own, but yeah. You could create an issue, for example, for the pluggable scan us back and that it also supports right now. So Trivi supports Sbom and generation and vulnerability scanning, but Trivi itself can use VEX for file systems and container images. So you could put an issue in with a request for that additional support. That would be an option. So you can more automated with Trivi as well. All right, thank you so much. Thank you. Any more questions? Thank you. Thank you all for coming.


All righty, there's sound here. Let's watch as a full Okay, so it's cute. I like that rig. I Would say before we get into the lip sync There are some moments where I would I would clear up the silhouette of it given that we have a color silhouette This reads nicely But then we get into this where we are overlapping a lot You know the lines and the colors that we kind of lose what's going on So either you would keep that in front of the dark color here or open it up to having it out there And then this especially starts overlap for arm and upper arm into just one line So if you would silhouette this you would just have this shape here, and we don't quite understand that structure even here We're flattening this a lot where we could have that elbow out and the hand here and all of this again a bit higher in the hand here It gets better through there But then even then I would bring it out so that you don't have in-betweens where the fingers are forming a tension with that line here Or this is right there Me mean Then we're getting into this W pose where I would Tweak some of these either both or one depends on what you want to do I think you're also dragging this wrist a bit much. Hold on. How fast is this wrist? It's kind of interesting to how it slides up here and has that Pressure points of cool fingers. I think it's okay. Hold on. Let me watch this without talking. I Think it was really fast. It should be okay. The only thing I'm feeling is that we are visually You know if you look at where this is headed and some onion skinning here Like we're getting into an outer arc like this ish Right in my horrible arc, but then we're suddenly going in set up out and then we're going out Into this that makes sense. We're starting but then we go in and then out visually It's very fast, but it could also be Cleaning up a little bit and watch out. We're getting very close to that edge here Having some tangents and then it's a farmer that this is here like we don't really need to cover the fingers there It's almost like you want to bring this higher, but again, you want also avoid the W so you have to look at like what is your your Your accent point and what do you need? Like what's the most important like right now? It's a bit With all of this am I supposed to look here, but it's kind of hidden again because it's still wet But as pretend you're cleaning this up and keeping it here or here The eye is really going to be here and we're following in there and the rotation of the head everything points to go this way And then suddenly wait am I supposed to look here and then we go back together to me It's almost like you would keep this hand here. I like this But what if she does all all of the rest while that hand is still there and It's more something within this finger in and kind of holding down there I know it's very destructive note But just getting out of that W pose then you can get into this but even then we feel very mirrored I know there's an offset of some cool stuff in here But it still has these both together and then they're both together again and Especially here. We're getting into really twin stuff Where I feel like I don't know could we just do something else with those nice long fingers where? You could push that feeling a bit more Like that's fun and you get into this we're all right that that's a bit more interesting That'd be my my bigger subjective Point in terms of your your arms and how are you using them? And even then here if we can't starting to get to lose a silhouette a bit here cut off a lot of you know There are a lot of lines and things Where we have this here, but then you have the costume we have this here. I feel it's just busy I feel like this could be cleaned up a bit more and Then the lip sync. Let's see. All right, bring up to audio again. I think listening to this She says that is correct. The only thing I'm missing here is a bit more like that It's like you have a on the mouth. It's that is cool Rect just a lot of in and out in and out in terms of contrasting shapes and Here just feels more like blah blah blah. I know how much you know you have to work with with this rig but that It's almost to me. It's a bigger contrast of home. I can scrub here It's almost like I will I will bring those corners in For that is so we just have a bit of a that is and I would almost show more of the teeth So if you that is it's kind of like a this imagine yet normal teeth here, and you could see yes correct And again the egg correct Bring those like that that lip line down to see teeth you're correct Correct, because it is fast, you know, it's all definitely stylized here. Yeah, to me. Just seems like it's just we're stuck in this same width Where I'm missing that that is correct that is cool Opening up, you know, I thought that that those changes rest is cool Oh, I love this the whole into that and maybe it's because we are going so fast here Correct, this could be something where what if you keep this and then it's just bigger open here to see the teeth Correct close, but that's one mouth corner open Correct into that that's me like to that's growing off here That's where it feels like we're missing something But the rhythm is fun if you don't have the audio on here All that is cool, there's cool Irrigation in it. It's nice. I like that. She's moving Right to left It's good rhythm in the body in the in the hands, you know in terms of just Disregard everything I said before just generally I think there's a nice feel of how long the head is held here Moving over going into down hop up up up up and then that little first accent into this Feels like there's good weight to it too right into that So yeah, I think there's a lot that works really well So these are just the as always subjective notes. Hopefully it is helpful and that's it for me. Thanks All right, there's an email you can sign up You can start whenever you want you can submit whatever you want you get 16 submissions either way a like and subscribe would be awesome All right. Thank you


What's happening YouTube? Thanks for tuning back into the channel today. We've got some great Duramax content continuing for you guys Got some really exciting stuff in the mail today. We'll have a look here. We got package in Guess what those are? Those are injectors peeps Definitely injectors from back from Bitterroot diesel out in Montana. We're gonna get those things open We're gonna talk to you about these injectors what we did and why we did it make sure you guys stay tuned So when I sent these injectors off guys, it was legit like two two and a half weeks ago at most I live in Ohio. They are out in Montana So it takes a couple of days of shipping going there coming back So if it is getting done in that amount of time Priority one that is freaking awesome having a full set of injectors cleaned up gone through Tested charted sent back in that amount of time. It's absolutely fantastic So I'll give them an a-plus on that one also gonna give them an a-plus on customer service So when I talked to these guys originally I called him and I said hey, this is my goal I want to get to 750 horse. I want to be able to do this. I've got these add-ons additionally on with it I've got the turbo. I've got you know, we're doing head studs So we're we're bringing that one in it plus we're doing a dual-fueler setup so we got that one all figured out with them and they ended up recommending going with a Rebuild kind of thing and they ended up saying we're gonna do new nozzles on them We're gonna bench flow these we're gonna check them see how they end up coming out and we're gonna get to that number for you So we ended up going with some Bosch injector nozzles, which are top of the game between Bosch SNS extra G those are like the good ones in the industry So make sure you keep an eye out for those if you guys end up wanting to get some rebuilds done So let's get this box open see what we ended up getting back So open it like Christmas time got everything back here back to rust belt mechanic and All the papers purchasing goodies. We got a card from them bitter root diesel and There is their information. I will also have a link to their stuff down in the description below So look out for that one Bitter root diesel performance boy, that's them. That's a high quality sticker right there guys that one's definitely going up on the lift All right, so we got these back Now when I sent these things off I packaged them up pretty good But nothing like these each of them come ship in their own individual little packet And then each one of them are in these nice little vacuum sealed bags right here So getting into those they look absolutely amazing. So we're gonna cut this one open right here So you guys are the first ones having a look at it just like me So look see if these things now I talked to the guys over there and the guys over there Matt and Ben Ben is there like CNC machine It's been doing it freaking forever, and he is just a book of knowledge So when he starts talking about these injectors, it's just information piled on information He's just he's absolutely amazing. So looking at these. He said they cleaned them up fantastically And as he said they absolutely are Silinoids are even cleaned in there There for your overflows cleaned out and all Let's look here in the end where our lines go in Also looks absolutely fantastic our nozzle ends, which are brand new like I said Those look awesome brand new brass crush washer on here new nozzle retainer on there as well new o-rings All in all it looks like a freaking brand new injector guys. I'm blown away. I'm speechless. These things are Absolutely amazing looking so we're gonna get through looking over the rest of them just in case and let's see Now one of the cool things as you guys can see is that these were all packaged up nice and neat And they've got the numbers all put on here when you send these in I made sure I put also The cylinder number that those things came out of specifically So I know if I had any issues when I Corresponded it to the head work and stuff that I was doing I would know where the issues were coming from So they corresponded and they obviously they said you know what we do that Anyways, we send we tell the customers that it's a good thing to do and they send these things back vacuum sealed And all sealed up now What they're able to do for you guys and they emailed these right over as soon as I got the injectors is they give us the Actual test results these are the flow bench test results on this one and they do a full panel test on these On these injectors so as you guys can see well This is our milliliters per minute And we've got the different flow rates at the different kind of RPMs or power ranges that they do the testing on This first one here is going to be at full power wide open throttle This is going to be maxing out your injectors We're at 112 milliliters all the way across the board Then we go down here and these are our return numbers so anywhere from 19 through 22 24 right around there So all pretty good right in that one the deceleration We have four right across the board the moderate throttle We've got 23 and 24 milliliters looks pretty good there and at idle where it eats all the way across the board as well Now here this last one is one of the biggest ones that I was just questioning on exactly what it was That one is going to be your start of injection So what that means is that is the pressure which it takes to open That spring right in the end of the nozzle So we've got even amounts all the way across on this one now I did have an issue and they notified me as soon as they found out when they were doing their final bench testing They said hey man your number seven injector is Messed up it had a flow rate that was off from the other ones I mean it ran okay, and I did notice some kind of smoking there at idle But you know we still ran all right But then I was going into detail with Ben and he was saying how much of an adjustment there are with these They cannot guarantee them and cannot get that into adjustment absolutely correctly The return rate was twice as much as all the other injectors so we ended up either having to do a full rebuild on that one and Actually, we opted to just go ahead and get one of their remand injectors because that just ends up Saving us some time and with how happened to wait and get a bunch of other parts So our number seven is pretty much a brand new remand one all remand for that one They did change out the injector nozzles like I said that with the flow bench rates It was absolutely amazing The cost on these are really not that bad if you end up getting the injector Nozzles through them. They ended up costing. I want to say right around 700 ish, you know don't hundred percent quote me I haven't got the you know the bill on that one yet But they're like 700 ish bucks and then for the full flow bench The testing the tuning which is another huge thing that they actually do compared to everything else That's an additional 400. I believe are 450 bucks and then shipped back to you guys Now again when we're talking injectors all injectors are not created equally Even if you were to take a brand new set of injectors that say you just get from Bosch If you were to flow bench them just like this and the guys over at bitter root diesel We're able to show me some of those flow bench numbers on a brand new set They have about a four and a half ish percent variance in their flow rates in their return rates All the way across the board now With bitter root diesel they do have the ability to do fine tuning He's able to go in there hone little areas here and there mess with the actual injection points on it Make sure the springs are at the correct rates either put new springs in or do different springs on the injection rates to be able to Match them up to the correct percentage They said that once everything goes through here and we do our flow bench test ratings Which you guys see on paper right there. We are going to be within one percent across all eight of your injectors Now I know when we're talking the difference between one percent and you know five to eight percent It may not be that big but across eight injectors That could be the difference in you know, maybe 15 horsepower Which when you're actually trying to get to a certain number and push your limits That may be the difference in actually getting you there So one of the biggest differences in these guys is they're going to take their time and they're going to be able to give you guys the most Quality product that you guys can actually get when it comes to diesel injection and diesel injector services All right now we're over to the head and we're actually going to be installing them. We're going to be removing our tips That we're on there the caps that we're shipping now the one thing you might sure we want to do is this o-ring right here You want to make sure you give that one a nice little bit of lube. We I like using the Mopar trans Lubricant, it's just a light coat of grease pretty much get it all around there Make sure that that thing slides Nicely into the opening when we get there now you also may want to make sure that your openings Where they actually seat down in the end is nice and clean because the end of these injectors It's just a brass washer just kind of like you know your brake banjo bolts and stuff It's going to crush this washer and it's going to seat flat down in there So you don't want any kind of debris or anything like that in there either So we've got that and we've got our injector holds hold downs all nice and cleaned up also And we're going to get these things put in there and then the hold down bolts Which are the 12 millimeters there you want to make sure that those The hold downs are Dipped up because the bolts have a nice little half moon shape on the bottom and these are going to be tightened to 22 foot-pounds There we go now We're going to continue on to the other ones all the way around get those all put into place And one other thing you guys do not want to neglect is going to be your injector lines Now I know you guys can get a set off of you know Some other site or you can get it from GM these injector line sets between all eight of these plus the feed line It's going to come to like 700 bucks between five to seven hundred dollars. Yes, there are cheaper ones But Chinese made pretty cheap on the end and the reviews aren't so great so What you can do is take these and you can turn them into these We all we ended up doing was taking scotch bright to them taking off all the old code You know the old just grime and gunk off of there And then we ended up using a couple of finer pieces of scotch bright and then we actually took it over to our buffing wheel and Buffed it wax it put a nice little coat onto it. So it's not going to corrode over time So we've got pretty much a brand new set of injectors Lines I know they say that you know, you're supposed to replace them after each use but you know lots of people are reuse these and We're going to send it see what we can do save a little bit of money on the build and get these things cleaned up and installed So now fast-forwarding a couple of days and you can see what we got done We shined up all of our fuel lines the test port line We see all our fuel injector lines and the fuel rails themselves all shined up Everything routed and we're starting to put all of our brackets and everything on Kind of it's make and set up a custom PCV system here We're going to be running a couple of different things We've got an adapter with some a in lines coming from the PCV and we're going to route them up around onto the inlets We've got two inlets an outlet. We don't need the outlet There's going to be a PCV a little filter Breather up here and then on the drain side down here We're going to run a line there back and eventually down to our transmission. Oh, wait, there's not a transmission in there That's because it's out right there Waiting on our stage 5 1 2 be done and look through at the shop Hopefully it'll be here soon as well and we're going to get that one put in it's a yeah I'd say it's pretty simple, you know once we're at this point with a cab off Makes it pretty easy So we got that done and then of course over here to give it all the fuel we can get PPE Dual-fueler setup ended up picking this one up used second hand ended up getting a new wheel for it Routed the lines over here. They end up routing into the back of this side fuel rail You can see back in here. There's an adapter fitting for that and then we just here in this little adapter block That's where our race valve ends up going into there So all in all things are coming together quite nicely just waiting on our last few pieces, which is going to be What's missing right there? Why bridge that should be here very soon and we'll be getting this build back together on the very next video So there you have it the build continues on we're going to be getting all of our other parts Hopefully installed here very soon get them into place the trans the y-bridge that is coming from HSP Should be here in the next couple of days and hoping to get this one together through this coming weekend It's going to be something amazing.  It's pretty strong right up through about 700 750 ish I know there's guys who push it a little bit past that but I really don't want to have to deal with a Broken crank and a messed up block and everything so we're not going to be tuning it that high quite yet at least maybe here in the near future or sometime in the future we'll be doing a Crank change and everything like that to be able to get it up to you know some really fun numbers We'll see how that one goes Well, hopefully you guys are enjoying this build and how it's coming. Make sure you guys stay tuned More is definitely coming on it and lots more indeed We're actually going to get it together and get it over to Ryan's diesel service They are the ones who sponsored the badass turbo that we're getting in this and we'll do another video Showing the sounds and everything after this thing gets running That one is going to be June 22nd at Ryan's diesel service over in Wisconsin make sure you go over to their Facebook page I'll make sure to leave a link down in the description for that one There's like a couple of hundred trucks already set up to come to that one. It's gonna be one badass show Well, thank you guys. It's all I've got for you today. Thanks, and I appreciate it as always you guys stay awesome


This video is part 2 of Properties of Logs. So we have some more Properties of Logs that we need to learn, and they really come from our exponent rule, so that's why we haven't both listed here. When we had exponents, we said if we had the same base, we could add the exponents, and if we had the same, when we were multiplying. If we had the same base and we're dividing, we said we could subtract the exponents, and if we had a power raised to a power, we said we could multiply the exponents. Well remember, let's remember up here that logs are exponents, so whatever I would be doing with my exponents, given the operation I'm doing, I should be able to do with my log. So this is log base B of A times C. It's A times C, and it's the same base, and I want to know, we're really looking for the exponent, this log exponent, log base B of A plus, because when you multiply, you add your exponents, log base B of C. There's my two exponents that I'm adding, and this tells me that I was multiplying the same base. Here it says I'm dividing the same base. When I divide the same base, I can subtract my exponents over here. So log base B of A minus log base B of C, and we always subtract top minus bottom, so it will always be the log of the top minus the log of the bottom. And now we have log base B of A raised to the C, so it's kind of like thinking this one's the easiest one to see, I think. This one is an exponent, log base B of A, but so is this. So what do we do with our exponents? We multiply them. We take C, and we multiply it times the exponent of log base B of A. Now you do need to be careful that you don't, the only ones we can use are multiplication in here, division, or an argument with an exponent in it. Alright, so let's use those properties to write it as a single log. So this, the addition here, means that I really have to multiply my arguments. Remember the arguments are what's in the parentheses. So I want one single log, and in here I'm going to have x plus 2 times 3x, and I can take that out and simplify it. So that would be ln of 3x squared when I distribute, plus 6x. That would be my final answer. When I'm subtracting, that means I have to divide my argument. So I'm just going to say arg for argument. So I take my log, and it has to be the same kind of log. So log base 6, and in here I'm going to divide the 30, the first argument, divided by the second one, which would be 10. And we can always simplify. So log base 6 of 3. Make this a single log. Again I'm subtracting, so we take our single log, and then in here I say my top is the first argument, divided by the bottom, which is my second argument. And then we have one more. So we're going to multiply, and we'll have log base 9 of 2 times 15, or log base 9 of 30. That just takes some practice. So now we want to go the other way. We want to take the properties and use the logs. So we have a couple properties going on here. Remember the first one was multiplication. So we have a times c. But we also have a raised to the c going on right here with the n squared. A times c said I get to add my logs. So I'm going to have a log plus another log. And I take each factor is a different argument. So m squared plus the log of n. You don't have to have these parentheses. I just like to differentiate. And then we have, so we've taken care of this property, but now we need to take care of this property. And if you refer back or remember, it says that my exponent can actually come out front. Because I'm going to multiply my exponent of my argument times the exponent, which is my log. The log is the exponent. And then over here we didn't have anything more to do. So 2 log m plus log n. What do we have going on here? Again, we have the a times the c. And we really have the a raised to the c. I want to remind you that a cube root of a is the same thing as a to the one third. Let's rewrite this then as lnpq to the one third. But it's on the outside. Like if I had the cube root of x, I would have to cube that before I could start working with my x. So the order of operation says you have to take the exponent before the multiplying. So we'll take the one third in front of the log first. And it's actually going to be times the log of this pq. And then we have to work inside to get that log separated because of the multiplication. So one third ln of something plus since it was multiplying. ln of something else. All in parentheses. And inside the little parentheses we put in our lnp and our lnq. And we're done. So we have a division. So we have a over b. And we also have that a to the c. So this means to track back to my logs. And this means that we have to multiply, bring it out front. So I'm going to take it one step at a time. I'm going to separate this first. That's my subtraction. So ln of m squared minus the natural log of n cubed. Now let's take each one separately. lnm squared. I've got that second property going on which says bring that exponent out front. And then multiply it times the log which is another exponent. So 2 times lnm minus. And then again I have to bring this one out front. So 3 ln of n. We've got one more property that we like to use with logs. And that is the change of base formula. So we have these positive real numbers where m is our argument and we've got a and we've got b depending on. Those are going to be bases in this particular problem. And a and b are neither one going to be one. Because we're letting them be bases. So here's my original problem. Log base b of m. And the formula says that that can be the log of the m over the log of my base. And the way I always remember it is the base is the subscript and the base is the bottom or the base of my fraction. So log base b goes on the bottom and the log of the argument goes on top. And the only difference between this one and the second one is to show you that you can go into any base you want to. So we can say alright I think we could go into a log because I can use my calculator with just log base 10 or common log. But what if I wanted to use a natural log? That would be acceptable too. That's the log we're choosing or base that we're choosing to go to. So we just take the natural log of m divided by the natural log of b. Remember you've got to take the same kind of log and this m and b are always going to be in that order. The argument over the base. And then the third one here is just saying okay what if I want to go to some totally different base. Maybe I'm in base 2 and I want to go to base 5. Same thing. You choose the base that you want for your log. And then you take the log with that base to the argument or the log with that base to the base. We're going to say that y is equal to that log base b of m. And now we have b to the y is equal to m in exponential form. So when we write it as a log and we want to go to base a. Then we can take the base a log of both sides. So log base a of b to the y is equal to log base b of m. I just took the log of both sides, same base. Now I'm going to rewrite this, use my properties so I can bring the y out front. So y times the log of a base a of b is equal to the log of base a of m. Because there was no exponent over here. I want to solve for y because I know something about y over here. And you won't have to do this. I'm just proving it for you. So y will be equal to log base a of m divided by log base a of b. And then by substitution we can really say that log base b of m instead of y is equal to log base a whatever I choose of m over log base a of my base. So that just proves it. You won't ever have to go through this. I just wanted to show you that it's not just something that they threw out of the air. This really is a property that can be proved. So we want to use that change of base for either base 10 or base e. And we want an exact form and an approximate. And I'm not sure if we talked about exact or not before, but let's talk about it now. If we change the base on this, I know I'm going to go to a log first. And we have log the arguments on top. So log of 92 over the log of my base, which is 8. This is what we call an exact answer. There's no rounding involved here at all. Bring in my calculator then. I can find the, not the exact, I can find the approximate. And it says the 5 decimal places. So I go to my calculator and I use log because I said I went to a log, not a natural log of 92 and then close your parentheses, divided by literally what you see. Log, it opens the parentheses of 8, close the parentheses. And we end up with 2.17452. 2.17452, I think is what it was. What if I had wanted to go to a natural log? Could I do that? Sure. We could say it's equal to the natural log of 92. Instead of the log, we're taking base E, so natural log, and ln of 8. Again, this is an exact answer. And if I call it my calculator, I can try to see what that one is. So natural log of 92, divided by the natural log of 8. And look, what do you notice? It's exactly the same answer. So what does that tell you about choosing the log to go to? It should tell you that it doesn't matter which type of log that we want. Do we want common log? Do we want natural log? Any kind of log I want, I'm always going to get the same answer. We're going to do logs and natural logs. No matter which one we use, we're going to get the same answer.