Good morning all. I took to SAPNA with present a paper on the spectrum of amazing finding in the brachial plexus injury under the guidance of Dr. Alka Agarwal ma'am, head of the department of radio diagnosis MGM-MY Medical College, Indore. See the brachial plexus injury the most common cause is the trauma and the clinical investigation for the peripheral nerve injury routinely include the nerve conduction study and electromyography. And the amazing study is limited to extending focal mass lesion and external compression. MRI identify changes in the peripheral nerve secondary neurogenic alteration in the skeletal muscle. MRI is also helpful in diagnosing localizing the site of injury on which the prognosis depend. And the contrast study is usually done in patient with tumor or mass lesion. Gerolinium is not administered in patient with traumatic brachial plexopathy. Here you can see in the schematic diagram the nerve fiber are torn due to stretching between the neck and the shoulder. Here nerve fiber torn due to outstretching of the hand. Now let's discuss the categorization of the nerve injury plexopathy. See the first degree neuroprexia. Here you can see only impaired nerve conduction with intact axon and the connective tissue layers. In the second degree axonal disruption with intact endopathy and perineural. Third degree include the axonal and endonural disruption with intact perineural and epineural. Fourth degree include the axonal endopathy and perineural disruption with intact only epineural. In the fifth degree complete nerve disruption. If there is any combination then it will come under the sixth degree. Here you can see in the schematic diagram in the first you can see the pre-ganglionic fiber tears where the surgical repair impossible. In the second postganglionic tear here surgical repair possible in the third axonal message and then the neuroprexia. Let's discuss if there is which nerve fibers are routinely affected in case of any lesion. If the lesion is supraclavicular then the C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1 roots are mainly involved. Phyranic nerve, long thoracic nerve, trunk may upper middle and lower trunks are involved. Now to the subclavius or supra scapular nerve. If there is any clavicular lesion then division of upper middle or lower trunk include. Then intraclavicular lesion cases later it involve they involve lateral cord and its terminal branches like lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve, lateral root of median nerve and the median cord and ulnar nerve posterior cord and its branches. Then let's discuss technique and sequence we use mainly 1.5 tesla and 3 tesla MRI for optimal imaging specialized RF receiver coil are used surface coil or phase dairy coil which provide high signal to noise ratio with the small field of view. And the protocol mainly we use T1 weighted sequence in the coronal cell and axial shows detailed anatomy and is used to define the bony structure and tissue plant tissue planes surrounding the nerve.  And the post contrast T1 fat set sequences in case of neoplasm infection and polyneuropathies. Then let's discuss preganglionic brachial plexopathy. First common finding here we get the edema of the spinal cord, hemorrhage in the nerve root on GRE and the pseudo meningo seal and preganglionic injury usually have poor prognosis. See ideally amazing of suspected preganglionic injury is performed at least 3 to 4 week after the injury as this allow the resolution of acute edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage and formation of pseudo meningo seal. Then let's discuss few cases of the preganglionic injury. Case 1 patient present with the symptom of right sided partial ptosis and meiosis likely clinical diagnosis, Horner syndrome. There was history of six month back trauma. Here you can see pseudo meningo seal formation noted at the C7C8 T1 at the level of neural foramina. Suggestive preganglionic nerve root avulger injury. Then another case is six year old child present with weakness in the left hand side birth with left hand since birth with poor reflexes, sensory loss, mild stiffness, joint and muscle weakness and atrophy, clover hand and fingers. There was history of assisted delivery at local PHC. Now conduction study should deficit in the motor function along the ulnar nerve distribution. Here you can see well defined dumbbell, well defined dumbbell shape cystic lesion in the left C7 and T1 and left T1 T2 neural foramina, which is extra dural and extend just beyond the neural foramina. The right C8 and T1 nerve root are not visualized suggestive of pseudo meningo seal and preganglionic brachial plexus injury. Let's discuss postganglionic injury. Here the nerve roots usually seen at the origin normal and the thickening of T2 hyper intensity of the nerve root trump cord and associated edema. Associated finding you can get clavicular fracture or adjacent neoplasm. Let's discuss few cases. Here the patient present with history of trauma followed by weakness in the right upper limb. In the MRI you can see the T2 strut hyper intensity is noted in the upper trunco brachial plexus suggestive of exonotemesis that is great 3 injury of the upper trunco brachial plexus. Another case invasive ductal carcinoma in a 51 year old woman who had undergo radiation therapy to the axilla. Neurological damage after radiation therapy may be observed several months to years after therapy and it is most likely to occur in patient who have received radiation dose in excess of 60 gallon. Here you can see diffuse thickening of the cord of bilateral brachial plexus suggestive of post radiation plexopathy. See the most common DD of the radiation plexopathy is the tumor recurrence. How we can differentiate both these? After radiation plexopathy usually we get few months to 20 years spatially dose exceeding 60 graze. Usually involve the infraclavicular plexus and on the EMG we can get the myocymic discharges in the 30% cases. On MRI diffuse uniform symmetrical swelling and the bright T2 signal within the radiation film and mild post contrast enhancement. In the tumor recurrence cases usually it would occur within one year after the treatment and the lower supraclavicular plexus specially CA T1 and lower drunken volt. On EMG we get no changes and the MRI we get on MRI non uniform asymmetric focal enlargement with focal enhancing mass leisure. On the let's discuss few non-traumatic brachial plexopathies. Here you can see the patient known case of CA lung with symptom of neural deficit in the right upper limb. MRI was performed and here you can get the soft tissue mass in the right lung apex. Soft tissue mass in the right lung apex and extension of this mass into the C7 D1 and D1 D2 neural vertebral foreman. Invasion and encasement of the subclavian and right vertebral artery and lower trunk of the right brachial plexus. Another case patient present with left neck mass lesion associated with symptom of neural deficit. Here MRI goes performed a well defined peripherally enhancing lesion showing multiple thin internal septation in the left supraclavicular, located along the cord and division of left brachial plexus showing T2 and flare hyper intense signal suggestive of neural edema and closely abutting the subclavian vessels. Another case known case of CA breast present with symptom of neural deficit in the left upper limb. MRI goes performed. Here you can get multiple confluent T2 and star hyper intense soft tissue deposits seen along the trunk and division of left brachial plexus with epicenter of this lesion is seen in the inter-scalinic triangle. The lesion shows significant enhancement on post contrast study with continuous contrast enhancement noted along the thickened root of left brachial plexus and encroaches the cord of brachial plexus in the axillary posa. Now let's come on the conclusion part. See MRI is an invaluable modality for characterization of the brachial plexus lesion and the optimal technique planning is essential for adequate visualization. Their complex amazing anatomy can be simplified by using easily identifiable anatomic landmark. These are my few references. Thank you.


today that we want to and we want to say that we are opposed to the camps open style or closed style that the government wants to build.  That is organized by the Lesvos anti-fascist initiative against detention centers okay this is a really important concentration because it has a really symbolic character to unite voices from not only the Lesvos island but from Greece from Europe and we have as a motto no to the requisition of Lesvos by fascist no to fear and same and instead of fear we are together in solidarity and this is a very good food for freedom


Let's talk about interfacing. I know that it is one of those things that you think to yourself, oh, do I really need to do this? Can't I skip this little step? And I'm here to tell you no. Interfacing is a game changer when it comes to garment sewing. There is no way getting around it. You must use interfacing when a pattern calls for it. And sometimes when the pattern doesn't even call for it, you need to start adding interfacing to all of your projects if you aren't already. Now, I also know that the world of interfacing is vastly confusing. There are so many different types and they're not always super clear as to what type is best for whatever project you're working on. So I reached out to the folks at ThermoWeb and told them that I was interested in doing a video, kind of exploring the different types of interfacing and they responded. They sent me swatches of their selection of interfacing along with little cards that explain what it's good for, where you can use it like within a garment, what it's made from. I mean, there is a ton of information in these swatches that they sent me. So we are gonna be doing an interfacing swatch video and I hope that what this does for you is kind of demystify interfacing and kind of helps you see, like literally see the different types of interfacing, how they're woven, how sheer they are and those kinds of things. So that next time you're going to make a project, it's a little bit more instinctual for you to say, oh, I know what kind of interfacing I need. You can choose the right interfacing for the type of fabric that you're using and also the type of project that you're working on. So that's where we're gonna start. I have a lot more of ideas planned for kind of helping you guys understand and navigate interfacing. But for today, we're starting with basics and we're gonna go over the different types of interfacing that exist. So meet me at the cutting table, where we're swatching it. All right, how beautiful are these nice big swatches that they sent me? I've got things kind of separated into categories here to kind of help you understand the different types of interfacing and then the types within the types. So basically you have different types of interfacing and then within those categories, you have different weights. Same thing with fabrics. Whenever you go look at cotton fabrics, for example, you will run the gamut from everything from lightweight cotton chambray, for example, all the way up to like heavyweight denim. And the same applies to interfacing. So first up, we have the non-woven fusible. This one comes in white and black. You can see that the interfacing is 20 inches wide and that's how the, on your patterns, whenever fabric requirements are listed for interfacing, it's usually based off of a 20 inch width. So that's really good. These are 100% polyester. I think, yeah, all the non-woven fusibles are 20 inches wide and 100% polyester. So all of these are gonna be really good for collars, buttons, cuffs, plackets, and seams. All of them are gonna be good for interfacing all those areas of a garment. Really it boils down to what type of fabric you're using. So the feather weight is going to be best for a fabric that is really lightweight and a non-woven fusible versus a woven fusible, which we will talk about here in a second.  Like think about the lint that comes out of your dryer after you're done. It's kind of like that, but spread really thin and then glue added to the back. So this is gonna act a lot more like paper, whereas the woven fusible, I'll show you here in a second, is gonna act a lot more like fabric. So in terms of stabilizing, if you want a really crisp stabilizer, something that is going to make your, wherever you're applying it, super, super, super crisp, then you're gonna want to use the non-woven fusible. So again, we've got feather weight, which is really nice, lightweight. And then we move up to lightweight, which also comes in white and black. And you can see the weight of this here. Whoa, they're sticking. Blah, blah. Which you can see here, a little less drape on that one. And then you can imagine as we go up to the medium weight and then to the shirt weight, which only comes in white, we have even heavier, stiffer sort of interfacing here. So this is the medium weight. You can see a lot less drape there, and this is the shirt weight. So if you are looking, let's just look at all of these white ones. If you are looking at each of these and sort of trying to decide which weight do I need, I know what kind of fabric I have, you're not gonna be able to tell a huge difference between feather weight and lightweight. You will be able to tell a difference though between feather weight and the shirt weight for sure. So you need to think about your fabrics and it's not like a precise science, but if you are using lightweight drapey fabrics and you want a crisp stabilizer, use the feather weight. If you're using kind of like a lightweight cotton or like rayon poplens or anything like that, you're gonna wanna go somewhere in the middle road here.  So again, it's not like you're gonna make a mistake choosing feather weight over lightweight, but choosing shirt weight over feather weight, that will be a very, very big difference. Something for you to kind of keep in mind when you're picking weights. It's got to apply, it's gotta be relative to the fabric that you're using it on. Then we move into our woven fusibles. We have ultra soft woven fusible that comes in white and black. And then we also have soft woven fusible.  And the soft woven is made from 100% cotton, whereas the ultra soft is actually made from polyester and some version of natural fibers. So bamboo, rayon, cotton, things like that. And then again, it's good to use the stabilizer in the area of a garment where it needs obviously the extra stabilization, but this one actually calls out the uses specifically for the fabrics. So this one is flowy silks, lightweight, and silk doesn't always, silk isn't always lightweight. Lightweight linens, light woven cottons, and then also for all those places that we've been going over, cuffs, cotton collars, button plackets, all of that kind of stuff. So you've got the white and the black, soft woven fusible, it's really, really nice. It is actually soft to the touch, which is nice as well, but it's got a little bit of weight to it and it's not super, super drapey. So you're gonna wanna make sure that if you're using the woven fusible, rather than it being a crisp stabilizer, it's gonna be more like a, rather than let's try and use an analogy of zigzag versus curved, okay? So if you wanna zigzag sharp edges, right? Then you're gonna go for the non-woven fusibles.  The lighter weight version of the soft woven is the ultra soft woven. This is super, super lightweight, super, super drapey. I mean, it doesn't get much more drapey than that. So again, it's gonna be like a fluid sort of stabilizer. It's not gonna produce something super, super crisp.  Something to just kind of add another extra little lightweight layer to keep things, you know, nice and full without heavy, without it being heavy. And that is the ultra soft woven fusible. Isn't that nice? Oh, dreamy. Okay, now we're gonna move on to the Trico fusibles. So we've got shear weight. We've got all bias, which I guess I'm thinking you probably know that's for. And we've got the medium weight, all right? So the Trico fusibles are warp knit fabric, okay? Polyester warp knit fabric, again with a 20 inch wide width. It works great on lots of different fabrics. Great for garment construction, tailoring, more support for lightweight fabrics or minimal support for heavyweight fabrics. This is the medium weight one. Whereas the shear weight one is great for very loose weave fabrics. Like, you know, when you're looking at a linen and it's almost like opaque, it's not because it's made from like super thin fibers. It's just the fibers are looser when they're woven together. They're looser woven rather than super, super tight like this, and that's why you can see through them. So the shear weight Trico is gonna be great for that. It's just gonna add a little bit, something to kind of just, you know, keep those fibers, you don't wanna stay together, right? Y'all wanna stay like this and not stretch out more. That is what the Trico fusible is gonna be really great for. I love Trico fusible specifically for waistbands. I think it does a great job on waistbands because again, it works really well on lots of different fabrics, behaves more like a fabric does, but just adds that extra little support you need in a waistband.  You don't even want the super soft non-woven. You want something that is like whisper that's just, that's there and you know it's there because it's giving you the support, but it's not adding anything else to it. It's not adding any more weight, any more thickness, not even a ton of structure. It's just adding like another layer and that's what the Trico is going to do. So let's look at them, the drape on these. Both of these come in black and white. So you can see it's a beautiful, even drape, not super, super drapey like the soft, the ultra soft, but certainly not like paper either. It's a lot more like a fabric. So that's sheer weight and then we have the medium weight. All right. And again, you're not gonna be able to tell a huge, huge difference between sheer weight and medium weight, but if you just think of it as loosely woven fabrics or lightweight fabrics and then your medium to heavy weight fabrics, you are gonna be just fine. I love a Trico fusible, love, love, love. They also have a Trico fusible that's all bias. So use your noggin and tell me what you think that means. That is right. It stretches all ways, four-way stretch. So perfect for anything, any woven garment that has a lot of bias to it, like an armhole or a neckline or even your knit fabrics. If you're making a knit dress and it has a surplus bodice and you've got that band that you want to go all the way around and they ask you to interface it, again, you don't want something super, super crisp. You don't even want anything super heavy. You just need to add something in there that's gonna stretch with the fabric, stretch around your body and they make an interfacing just for that. Can you believe it? So this is the soft stretch all bias Trico fusible, really, really nice. Again, soft flexible shaping versus crisp firm shaping for armholes, necklines, hems, no stretch limitations offering plenty of give in all directions and it drapes with the fabric as the fabric drapes. So that's your Trico section. So now we're getting into sort of specialty interfacings, whereas the all bias Trico is great for knits and it's a good all around one for stretch all around. The medium weight weft fusible is gonna do the exact opposite. If you have a stretch fabric that you don't want to stretch anymore or if you've got something that is cut on the bias that you do not want it to stretch out, the medium weight weft fusible is going to be the way to go. So 20 inches in width, it's polyester and 20% rayon weft knit. So it's kind of like a blend of the nonwoven fusible with the Trico fusible, kind of sort of blended together, dry cleanable. So not necessarily ideal for your wash and dry at home, but it does limit the stretch on both grain and cross grain for a very stable support, stretches a little bit on the bias, the overall significant support for fabric year after year. So you can see the bias stretch here. I mean, it's almost impossible to not have bias stretch, but whenever we're going this way, no stretch whatsoever, none whatsoever. So if you have somewhere on your garment that is prone to stretching out and you don't want it to stretch out, add the medium weight weft to that. Again, this is nice for waistbands as well, but only waistbands that sit super high on your waist.  You're gonna want something that stretches out a little bit, but in areas like the shoulder seams in surplus neck bands, in areas like that where you do not want it to stretch ever, this is the way to go. The weight of it is a little bit lighter weight than medium weight would indicate. It's just a little bit, it is medium weight, it's just a little bit draper than you might imagine. And I think that just has more to do with the rayon than anything else, but the fact that this limits stretch is the exact opposite of the all bias tree coat, right? That's what you need to know. Anywhere that you want to limit stretch, you're gonna go for this. And again, available in white and black. Now we're getting into some like crafting type of interface things. I don't use these too, too much, but if you're making belts, bag handles, tote straps, hat brims, and even some garment applications, then you're gonna want to try out some of these craft ones. So, firm, non-woven fusible, needle-punched fusible fleece. We've got extra firm, non-woven. We've got this woven hair canvas. You can also use it with leather, canvas, denim, corduroy, and other heavier fabrics. Great for tailoring coats and jackets. You're gonna see this a lot. If you ever go to make like a truly tailored blazer, you'll see this sew in canvas a lot. We have extra firm. I mean, this is like straight up like craft paper. We have pattern material, okay? So, let's move away from all of this. You guys know what fusible fleece and the non-woven fusible. I think this firm is what I used in the brim of my hat for the Sew Together in July. So something to really help keep that brim nice and stiff. Also great for bags, same for the extra firm. Bags, bags, bags, tailoring. All right, home decor, frames, bowls, placemats. So again, this is moving into a little bit more of a craft section, but I mean, that's like straight up like paper. All right, so we have this pattern material, right? This is 58 and a half inches wide, 100% polyester, clothing, craft, home decor, and quilts similar to muslin, but offers a greater value as creating new patterns and resizing existing ones is easy and affordable. Trace patterns or print directly onto this can also be used as a lightweight Sew In interfacing. This is like a tracing paper that can be sewn, right? It can be, it's like tissue fitting, but actually better because it's moldable to your body, whereas tissue paper is so crisp, this is crisp, yes, but not nearly as much as tissue paper is. I'm gonna try and show you drape. It doesn't have a ton, but you can see that it's easily moldable. So you can trace your pattern pieces onto this, cut around them like with a lot of excess, then put them on a dress form and tissue fit them that way so that you can pin and add and take away and do all the things you need to do right here from this one material, rather than trying to do that on tissue paper and you know how that stuff rips. This stuff is pretty indestructible. I mean, that was a really decent tug. Certainly more of a tug than tissue paper would be. So that's a really cool thing that I didn't even know that they had and that comes from the Stitch and Sew brand. We also have a firm non-woven Sew In. So they're saying Blazers jean jackets with defined shoulders, French cuffs, costumes, I mean, this stuff, I don't know that I can think of a single garment that I would put this in unless I wanted it to be purposely like over the top stiff. You know what I mean? Like I don't think this is meant for like an everyday kind of garment. This is definitely something a little bit more special, but there is that. Okay, so lots of information there. I know I get it. Hopefully you took some notes. You do not need all of these interfacings. You know what kind of projects you like to make. Those are the kind of interfacings that you should start with. Start with the projects and the fabric that you know and love and the interfacing that works well with that. Start incorporating interfacing into your sewing construction. See how it works, see how it responds, fall in love with it, see how much better your garments are and all of that and then start sort of expanding out from there. I've got links in the description box for you guys if you wanna check out these ThermoWeb interfacings. You can find them in like Joanne and Hobby Lobby, Michaels, places like that in the pre-packaged interfacing, but some of the more specialty interfacings you can only get from ThermoWeb's website. So check the description box for links to that and that'll do it. Let me know what questions you have. If I don't know the answer to them, I can reach out to ThermoWeb. They have been so, so, so, so wonderful working on this video together. So let me know what questions you have. If any, in the comment section, otherwise I will see you all back here very soon. Bye.


Celebrated as the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, Earhart is also the center of one of the most well-known historical mysteries, one that has rivetive enthusiasts since that fateful day in 1937 when her Lockheed Electra 10e vanished from all radar. On July 2nd of that year, Earhart along with her navigator Fred Nune took off from Papua, New Guinea during an attempt to circumnavigate the world, but the pair never landed at their destination, Howlin Island in the Central Pacific Ocean. During the flight, Earhart made contact with the Coast Guard ship Atasca, apparently experiencing radio and instrument trouble and unsure of her precise location. Earhart, Nune and her Electra were never found. In 1991, Earhart enthusiast Richard Gillespie found an aluminum panel and washed up storm debris on the Pacific Island of Niku Maruru about 300 miles from Howlin. Gillespie has said he suspects the paddle may have come from Earhart's plane and now a Penn State team is using a neutron beam to, they hope, uncover hidden clues that might support that hypothesis. Gillespie is the executive director of the International Group of Historic Aircraft Recovery, or TIGAR, which in 1988 launched a project to solve Earhart's disappearance. A nuclear engineer professor at Penn State said in a statement, we've had inquiries about these kinds of things before, but we had an extensive call with Richard Gillespie, who was clear that they're interested in whatever data we might be able to provide. Even if it proves that the patch couldn't possibly belong to Amelia Earhart's plane, we agreed to see what we could see. The researchers hope that a technique called neutron radiography might reveal otherwise invisible clues as to the aluminum's origin. Researchers have already determined that it was hacked at with an axe along its edge, except for one side that was repeatedly flexed to snap it off of its source. Firing neutron beams from the campus' Brazil nuclear reactor should reveal any features of the panel that are made from something other than uniform aluminum, the researchers said. If the metal were just plain aluminum, the neutrons would pass through cleanly, but any carbon or hydrogen containing molecules on the surface, perhaps bits of coral that had filled in a serial number etched into the metal, for instance, would scatter the neutrons, and the pattern of scattered neutrons would form an image of the coral or other material, in the same way an x-ray image reveals the bones inside your arm, but what do you guys think about this anyway? Comments below and as always, thank you for watching.


Okay, so today I'm going to be talking about Fedora 35 and I've been using Fedora 35 now on hardware for over a month, closer to a month and a half at this point. And I have several thoughts. So I'm going to try to be more organized with this review than I have in the past. I'm still working on the format of these long term reviews. So they're not perfect yet. So I'm still working. So they're going to be a little bit rambly as I go through and try to get my mind around how to do this properly. But today's Fedora 35, let's go ahead and jump into the first section, which is installation. So upon installing Fedora 35 or opening up live ISO, this is what you get. And you do get the option to try Fedora before you install it, similar to what you would with Ubuntu or Linux Mint or something like that. And it's good. Like that first section is not a bad introduction to an ISO. It's when you get into the installer that I start to have problems. So this first screen is not actually a big deal. You're just selecting your language and make sure that's correctly and hit continue. And then we get to this screen and this screen is where we have some problems because it's not great. So it does a good job of recognizing your language for your keyboard and your time zone. Even when I was installing this on hardware, the first time, which is what I'll talk about in a little bit, it recognized that stuff fine. That section I have no problem with whatsoever. It's this other part here where you're talking about partitioning your hard drives where we have a really big problem. And the problem is that this is an inconsistent part of the installer. So sometimes this thing works just fine. So what you're supposed to do is go into this thing like I just did, hit the hard drive that you want to install on and then hit done. Now, first of all, why is the button up here in the upper left hand corner? That's I mean, you can be, I mean, down here is where you're looking for it. Maybe you look for it down here, maybe in the center, maybe even up here, but you don't look at the upper left hand corner is literally the last place you'll look. But whatever. So we had done and oh, look at this. It failed. Look at that. No disc selected. Now you saw on camera, we're recording this. You saw that I selected a disc. So I'm going to have to go in here, do it again, hit done and see if it worked this time and it did work that time. So that's the problem. It's not consistent. It doesn't work half the time and it gets worse when you have multiple petitions. So in this VM that I'm installing this on right now, all that's there is that one VM drive. That's all there is when you have multiple petitions and you have multiple drives connected to your computer, it gets worse because the consistency goes down. When I installed this the first time on this computer, I had to do that process four times in order for it to finally get my choice. On the one behind me, which I have a lot fewer in terms of hard drives and partitions already, it only took a couple times. The point is it's not a good experience. Not something that a new user is going to be very happy with at all. Even an experienced Linux user who has installed Fedora a couple times now still finds it incredibly annoying to have to go through and do that. One of the things that has to work when it comes to a Linux distribution is the installer and it has to work flawlessly. There can be bugs and stuff like that in the language selector or the keyboard chooser or even the account selector, whatever. Those can be poorly designed all you want. But the one thing you don't want to mess up is the partition manager because that thing is something that you have to have 100% trust in in order to allow it to mess around with your data and your hard drives. If that is not 100% trustworthy, that's a problem. And honestly, the rest of the installation is fine. So what you do is just hit begin installation and it begin installation. You do all your account setup and stuff. After you've done installing, it's fine. It installs on butterfs, installs all the software and installs GNOME 41. It does fine. But that one little piece of the installer just is not good. And the thing about it is, is that this is not a new bug. I installed Fedora for the first time probably three years ago and I had the same problem then. So that bug is something that is persistent and it's been there for a long time. And I know for a fact that several other YouTubers that have reviewed Fedora over the years have had the exact same problem. So in terms of installation, other than that one bug, it's fine. I think that they've gone a little bit out of their way to be a little bit too unique in terms of installer granted this installer is old. So technically they probably did have to do it from scratch when they first came up with this. These days, I really wish they'd put some effort into either making this better or just using something like Calamari's or something like that because this installer is just not getting the love that it needs from Fedora. OK, so the next thing I want to talk about is out of the box experience. When you first boot into Fedora for the very first time, you're going to see something like this and you can go through and hit start setup and answer the questions about location, privacy and automatic problem reporting. We'll leave those things on. And then third priority repository as you want to enable that. That's very important. I'll talk about that later. And well, next, and then you can add your online accounts here. I'm not going to do that. We'll just skip that. And then you're going to set up your account. So in this case, we're going to do this and that's fine. And then it's going to ask for your password and then next and then we're done. So the startup wizard is very simple. And I understand why they're doing it that way because so the setup is actually fairly simple once you've got it installed. And it's enjoyable. It's not anything that's overburdened or anything like that. So then we get a tour here for GNOME 41. Take the tour or don't take the tour. I'm not going to bother going through that. But the point is, is that they do have a tour which is telling that because GNOME 40 and 41 are so much different than GNOME 33 series or whatever how they call it. It's a good that there's a tour there. It was not the greatest tour, but it's not that bad. If you ever do need to get to the tour again, you can go through and just search for tour and it'll come back up.   So not great, but it's OK. Anyway, so this Fedora installs the latest version of GNOME that's available, which is probably the greatest thing we can say about it because there's no other distribution out there really besides maybe arch that will give you the purest GNOME experience if that's what you're seeking. So out of the box, you don't get a ton of software on Fedora. You get the standard GNOME stuff. You get on videos, going on photos, going on maps, going on clocks, going on weather, going on contacts, going on calculator, g edit, the system monitor that comes with standard with GNOME and that's pretty much it. You also get LibreOffice and Rhythmbox for music and office work. And then in terms of utilities, most of the stuff is also just standard GNOME fare, the font viewer and so on and so forth. You also get boxes and the screenshot tool. So that's out of the box. That's really what you get. And it's not bad. I will say that it's just it's not bad if you are into GNOME and you're expecting to have a GNOME experience. This is the most pure GNOME experience you're ever going to find on any distribution and you're always going to get the most latest and greatest in terms of GNOME updates. So whenever GNOME 42 comes out or wherever it is, you'll get that pretty much immediately on Fedora, whereas you'll probably have to wait for that kind of stuff on Ubuntu or whatever distribution you're using. And the thing about Ubuntu and every other distro that uses GNOME is that they pick and choose what part of the GNOME stack that they're going to use. So you'll end up with one version of Nautilus and one version of G-Edit and one version of whatever. You'll never get a consistent versioning across the entire board because they kind of pick and choose what they want. So with Fedora, it's all GNOME 41 all the time. And if that's what you're looking for, this is where you're going to find it. In terms of speed and memory and stuff like that, you'll find that GNOME uses the same amount of memory. It always has a lot. And so you're not going to want to use this on a system that uses, you know, that has a small amount of memory available to it because this is going to choke up a lot of your memory. This is using almost half of the memory that I gave it, which is just insane, right? It's just not a very low in terms of resources distribution. It never has been or at least desktop environment, I should say. This really has less to do with with Fedora and more to do with GNOME. Now, you will notice that the more memory you give GNOME, the more it uses. That's usually the case with with GNOME. So I gave it, I think, five gigabytes. I'm not actually sure. No, actually, I gave it eight gigabytes. That's right. I remember now I gave it eight gigabytes. And because I gave it that much, it's using more than it would if I'd given it four gigabytes. It's a weird system that way. But that's the case. Now, you will notice that you'll have some odd behavior in GNOME. I think this is a GNOME problem, not a Fedora problem. But when you open up certain applications, for example, the terminal, sometimes it opens up on one workspace and sometimes it will open up on another workspace. What workspace it opens up on really has no rhyme or reason. It just opens up wherever it decides it wants to open up. Now, if you notice, if you're watching earlier when I opened up the first time, it appeared on workspace two, even though I had workspace one focused, it's a little weird, right? And I've noticed that on my hardware install, it does that as well. So just today, when I was logging in to begin this review, I opened up Chromium and I was on workspace one and Chromium opened up on workspace two for whatever reason. Again, and the weirdest part about it is that it's inconsistent. So you would expect maybe there's a rule or something saying, hey, always spawn this particular program on this workspace. But that's not the case because you can close Chromium then be in workspace one and it would open up on workspace one. So it's not consistent. It's really weird. And that's not something that I found that can be changed. And I don't want to talk a lot about how GNOME is un-customizable. I've covered that a lot of times. I've beat that horse to death many, many times. The point is, though, is because it does have some problems changing those problems to make sure that they're fixed. Mostly is impossible. So if you go into the settings and stuff, this is my actual install of Fedora. There doesn't seem to be a way for you to change any of the stuff relating to workspaces. You can change the key bindings. You can, I believe in GNOME 42, you'll be able to change the way workspaces deal with multiple monitors. But other than that, there's not a lot here in terms of, you know, actual changing for that kind of stuff. Now, when I first installed Fedora, I promised myself that I was going to use GNOME the whole time. I broke that promise to myself probably within the first four days or so. And I installed DWM and most of my time on Fedora over the last month and a half has been in DWM the last few days with BSPWM. So I don't have a lot more to say about GNOME. I went through and I customized it and I try to use it every time I logged in just for a little while and then almost immediately ran back to a tiling window manager. But for the most part, I will say this, GNOME is better than it used to be. On Fedora, it's the best GNOME experience I've ever had. But that's not really saying all that much because it's still a GNOME experience. And if you don't like the GNOME experience, you're not going to like this. And that's the way it is for me. If you enjoy the GNOME way of doing things, this is the best experience of GNOME you'll probably ever have because the people who make Fedora also make GNOME. So that their view is kind of here. This is the showcase for GNOME. OK, so the next part is going to be installing updates and installing software. So this is where we're going to be talking about the package managers. So if I open up a terminal here and zoom in, the package manager for Fedora is DNF. Now you can also use other package managers. There's several others. You can also use Flatpak. For me, DNF is really good. I really enjoy DNF. So it has basically the same syntax as you would find with apps. So DNF update and pseudo DNF upgrade. I found DNF to be fairly fast. It didn't have the same problems I had with Zipper when I did a long term review of open SUSE. So when I even when I was away from Fedora for a couple of days, because I was just messing around with my main system and came back and did some updates. I noticed that it was actually fairly fast and that includes the third party repositories that you'll have to have. So in order to get a lot of stuff that you'll want, you'll have to enable third party repositories of varying kinds. You'll have to find the non free stuff. If you want like non free software, including things like Google Chrome and then video drivers, you'll have to get that for several other things as well, even if they're not non free. It wasn't a difficult thing to do. It's just a matter of googling for those repositories and then copying, pasting one line. And then it kind of does the same thing that Ubuntu does when you add repositories. Those things are kept up to date with the regular package manager. And that's fine. And it was a OK experience. It feels a little outdated these days because I'm so used to the AUR and also even Ubuntu has kind of gone away from the whole adding repositories things and has adopted snaps. And I thought that Flatpak would be a little bit more integrated with Fedora. It's and it's not really, but really what surprised me is that FlatHub is not really included out of the box either. You have Flatpak installed, but you don't have FlatHub's repository installed by default. And that really confused me for a couple of weeks because I just assumed that it was so I didn't even make the I didn't even think that the FlatHub repository wasn't enabled because I just assumed that it was there. So when I couldn't go through and install stuff from FlatHub, I assumed something was broken. I went into the FlatHub forums and had a whole conversation spanning like a couple of weeks trying to get this fixed. And all it really ended up being was that you have to enable the FlatHub repository. And the thing is most people probably won't have the problem. They probably just searched for how to use FlatHub on Fedora. If I had done that, I would have saved myself a lot of trouble because I would have found the answer right away. The odd thing is that the people from the FlatHub forum didn't consider that I hadn't done that to begin with and just point that out. Because usually when the person asking the question is doing something stupid, the people in the forums usually are able to point that stupidity out. In this case, they weren't actually I ended up finding the solution myself and the people in the forums never did find a solution. But the point is in terms of package management, you have a lot of options. And I found myself mostly sticking with DNF. I have a couple of Flatpaks installed. Things like Todoist and Bitwarden are both Flatpaks. And installing Flatpaks is a good experience. I enjoyed it a lot in terms of everything else. Everything else I installed from DNF and the regular Fedora repositories and the non free repository. And the thing is everything was there. So I was able to install things like the menu. I was able to install all the dependencies for DWM. I was able to install all the make dependencies and stuff for BSPWM. I was able to make BSPWM here with no problems, even though it had some dependencies. They were all just freely available from the Fedora repositories. So all that kind of stuff, Alacrity was here, OBS was here. Steam was here, Discord proved to be a problem. Because the first time I installed Discord, I didn't have any clue about the third party repository thing. Not really like there when we talked about the out of the box experience when it showed that beginning screening, we enabled third party repositories. That doesn't include everything. So in order to go get the non free stuff, you have to go to the web, find the link for the non free stuff, install it in the terminal. And then you can go through and install things like Discord. I had no clue that that was there. And there's nothing in the operating system that is going to tell you to go do this. So that ended up being a problem. So I had a hard, hard time getting Discord installed. And that was, remember, that was while I was still having the stupidity problem with Flatpak because I wanted to install it from FlatHub, but FlatHub wasn't working, so I had to find some other way. I did end up eventually stumbling upon the non free repositories and got those all set up. And then I was able to install Discord. That's really the only bad experience I had with getting software installed. Now, DNF here is actually proving me wrong that it was fast, but I think there was a lot of updates, but it is done now. The other thing that we should talk about in terms of software is the software store. So this is the software store. It's GNOME software. If you've ever used it for, you're going to be very familiar here. And just like every other version of GNOME software, you're going to have an option here for other things where you can other sources for your software. So in this case, it has FlatHub. I can't remember whether or not FlatHub is there by default out of the box. I think it is. But I remember when I tried to install from FlatHub in GNOME software that it failed out. So I believe that you have to go through and actually still add that FlatHub repository in order for this to work as well. Why this is listed when the repository hasn't been added yet? I don't know. It's a little confusing, and it's something that you kind of have to get past if you're going to deal with getting software from multiple sources. The one thing I will say is that I have SNAPs installed, like I have SNAPD installed. And despite, no matter where I go here, I'm not going to find an option for SNAPs like at all. So SNAPD does not incorporate at all into GNOME software, which I find a little surprising, but not that surprising because Canonical has gone through and made it so that SNAP kind of does its own thing. They even have their own SNAP store. And they've even gone through and forked GNOME software and made it all SNAPs. So it's not that surprising. But I kind of had hoped that it would be since how I went through the trouble of actually installing SNAPs when I was having the FlatHub problems. So that is software and software availability. Overall, highly impressed with the software availability. I thought I was going to have some problems. But once you get past the struggles of adding the non-free repositories and FlatPack and FlatHub and all this stuff, any piece of software you want is there. I also haven't noticed anything being really far behind. Most of it is the most recent version of whatever it is I download. So I haven't had a problem where something is significantly out of date. So that has also been a good experience. OK, so the next thing I want to talk about is gaming. Now, everybody knows that was watched the channel for any amount of time knows that I'm just not a very big gamer. I've never really had. I can't say never really have been, but it's been a long time since I've really been into gaming. So I'm not going to go through and do a ton of gaming benchmarks or something like that. You can find those numbers online through other people who know how to do that stuff way better than I ever will. But I will say that gaming on Fedora was fairly easy. I was able to install Steam right from, you know, software. I was able to install Lutrus right from going on software. I was able to load into those things, sign into those things, install games from those things and play just fine. Because I'm not a huge gamer, I'm not able to tell you how good Proton support is or any of that stuff. But for the most part, despite the fact that I'm using a Waylon system, everything seems to work just fine, which was honestly kind of a surprise for me. I was expecting to have more problems in the gaming section. Now, again, I didn't spend a lot of time gaming, so I'm sure that there's probably spots in here where there's just issues. But for the most part, I was pleasantly surprised when it came to gaming more so than I was really expecting to be. So that is the gaming section. Like I said, I was able to go through install Steam. I have Steam here. I was able to install Lutrus as well and get that set up as well. So that is gaming. I don't know whether or not I would say Fedora is great for gaming or not. That's going to really be your mileage, my very kind of thing. Because if you're going to install Windows things on here, I'm not sure how they'll run. You'll just have to get on here and try it. That's the best I can tell you because I haven't done gone through and done a ton of like trial and error on terms of getting Proton and stuff to work. I'm assuming that it would work fairly decently. But again, you got to remember you're using Waylon. So that could cause problems. OK, so the next thing I want to talk about is stability. And this is where we run into some problems. Overall, Fedora is a stable distro. I never had any real crashes or app crashes or any of that stuff. It all worked just fine. The biggest issue I had in terms of stability came with audio. Now, I don't know if that should be surprising to anyone or not. But Fedora comes with pipe wire out of the box. And it's what you use. And for the most part, it seemed to work OK. But when I wanted to go through and do something with Tyler recording the podcast or whatever, I had a lot of problems. And the thing I experienced most was that pipe wire itself would go back and forth between being OK and not being great. Like between updates, you'd get an update and things would just go to crap and things just wouldn't work. So at one point, for whatever reason, it was reading my microphone here as both an input and an output. Now, if this was like a blue reed yeti that had input and output capabilities, I'd understand. This is a high PR 40. It can only do input. It can't do output like at all. So why it was doing that, I don't know. And I know it was a pipe wire problem because I was having the same problem on Garuda at the same time right after an update pipe wire for whatever bed and it just didn't work. It was so bad. Even before I even considered pipe wire, I thought I was having hardware problems because it was like, this is between distros and having the same problem. But it ended up being a pipe wire problem and going back to Arco fixed it. And then after another update on Fedora, it fixed it here. And then it worked for a little while and then I had problems again. My poorest experience on Fedora overall 100% was audio. Surprisingly, OBS seems to work just fine in terms of capturing windows and stuff like that. Previously on Weyland Systems, I always had a hard time getting OBS to work, but it seems that they've ironed out those kinks. And at least hopefully this video here, which will be my longest video that I've recorded in Fedora, will have come out okay. The only other issue I had in terms of stability is the audacity for whatever reason when I've opened it up to begin with, like the first time, like after a cold boot, I get an error. It's a weird error. I've copied and pasted it and submitted it on their GitHub. But for the most part, it's a really weird error, but it seems like if you just sit close and then go about your day, it works just fine. So honestly, if it weren't for the pipe wire stuff, stability on Fedora would have been fantastic. I just don't think pipe wire is ready for, like if all you do is listen to music and stuff, pipe wire is gonna be fine. But if you try to record videos and stuff and you want that consistency, like where audio always works no matter what, pipe wire is just not there yet. And that leads me to the last two sections. So the last section I wanna talk about is community support. The few times that I had to ask questions, I had no problems finding answers to those questions. The problem that I had was knowing what questions to ask. So I talked about my flat hub problems before, now that's not specifically a Fedora issue, but because of the way I asked the questions in order to get flat hub working, I had a hard time getting a good answer. I think if I'd gone to the Fedora forums instead and asked the same questions, I probably would have gotten an easier and better answer and probably would have had it solved much faster than I did. We also talked about the non-free repos earlier. There's nowhere in the operating system, like without going through and Googling it that tells you that those repos even exist. The only mention of third party repositories you get is in that initial setup. After that, you don't see them ever again. And you don't know that there are more repos that you might need in order to get things that you need to use in order to have your computer function, things like then video drivers and other non-free software, things like Discord. The only way you're ever going to discover that those things exist is going to be going through and Googling it or asking someone else who has used Fedora before, which is what I ended up doing. I got into the Discord and said, hey, I can't install Discord. You know, I got into Discord on my phone, asked them why I couldn't use Discord and that led me to the non-free repositories. But if you're not expecting to have to search for those, that could be a poor experience. As long as you know what questions to ask, I found that the community support was actually fairly good. So that leads us to the conclusion. And my overall thoughts on Fedora 35 is that it's good. I had, for the most part, the overarching experience that I had over the last month and a half was really good. The stability in terms of at least the operating system was really good. The operating, the updates and stuff like that, everything came out really well like that. I enjoyed the package manager. The software availability was really good, which was something that I was worried about. Flatpacks turns out not to be so horrible. Sometimes they don't follow the GTK theme. But for the most part, that was a good experience. Every single piece of software that I needed, I was able to install even going through and installing things like DWM and BSPWM were both really easy. So overall, a good experience. Now, the question I would have for myself would be would I continue to use this as a daily driver? And the answer to that would be no. And the reason for that being is just because it uses pipe wire. Like even Wayland seems to be there. Like it seems to, at least for my purposes, Wayland seems to be working just fine. Like finally, OBS seems to be working okay in terms of capturing windows and all that stuff. Wayland seems to be working fine. Pipe wire, on the other hand, seems to keep getting updates that break it. And when audio stops working, that's not a great experience. Especially for someone who uses their computer to record audio for videos on a daily basis. When that stuff breaks, it makes the whole distro just completely unusable. And especially when something is constantly in development and things break, and that something is a part of the system that is just absolutely required, it makes it for an uncertain user experience. So you can log into your computer not knowing whether or not an update's going to kill your audio. Now, the irony of it is that I use R2 and R2 distro for a real daily driver. And that's a rolling release. So I'm always getting updates that are on the bleeding edge. The thing is, for the most part, I've never had an experience where something like this pipe wire thing has happened for me on Arco. Now, it did happen to me on Garuda. Because Garuda uses pipe wire, Arco doesn't seem to use pipe wire by default. Or at least it wasn't affected by that same bug. So maybe it's possible that I just had a bad luck thing when it comes to the pipe wire those few times. And for the most part, it just works. It seems to be working today. And I guess that's a good thing. So that part of it is too uncertain for me to use it as a daily driver. For everyone else, my recommendation would be this.  It's the most pure GNOME experience you're going to get anywhere. And that is a good thing if that experience is what you're searching for. If that's what you're looking for, you're not gonna find this kind of experience anywhere else. You're not gonna find it in Ubuntu or Debian or Linux Mint or any of those other places. You're just not going to get it. Solis or any of those other distros, this is the most pure GNOME experience you're gonna get. The only exception to that might be Arch, but even then your experience is going to be delayed a bit because eventually, even as up-to-date as the Arch repos tend to be, you're still gonna have to wait a little while to get those GNOME updates. They'll come to Fedora first.  If you're not a GNOME person, then Fedora could still be for you because it is a good experience. But for you, you're going to have a much harder choice because you're gonna have to make some choices over other variables on what you think makes a good distribution or not. The best recommendation I can give for you is to try it. And I'm happy that I did. Overall, my experience was really good. I'm happy that I installed Fedora. I would probably use it again. I'll definitely review any upcoming versions and see if, you know, how those things have changed. So that is it for this video. I hope I'm able to get some of this stuff edited down because right now this video is an hour long. I'm assuming that I can at least edit out some of the silences. And there's a lot of alms and stuff like that in this video. So be grateful that I do edit these things because this is a little rough. Anyways, if you have comments on Fedora 35, you can leave those in the comment section below. Make sure you hit the like and subscribe button. I really do appreciate that. You can follow me on Twitter. Here comes my dog. Hello, dog. You can follow me on Twitter at LinuxK. You can support me. He can support me on Patreon at patreon.com. Slash Linuxcast. Before I go, I'd like to take a moment to thank my current patrons. Today, Devon, Chris, East Coast Web, Gentoo, Sven2, Petrico, Primus, Marcus, Maglin, Jackson, I have Tool, Steve, a Cyberguide Linux, Mitchell, ArtCenter, Amityus, Carbon-Dated, Merit, Camp, Drashly, J-Dogs, the BSCs, Rock, Peter and Crucible. Thanks everybody for watching. I'll see you next time.


It's video three in our spread the love with art resin Valentine's Day challenge. And you know I'd really encourage you to head on over to Instagram and punch in the hashtag spread the love with art resin. That way you'll get to see all of the original entries by the artists to find out why they entered the artwork that they did. But it's totally up to you. Don't forget to vote below. You've got 24 hours to place your vote.


This is game one of the divisional series between the Rangers and the Orioles. The Rangers have a one-run lead, bottom of the eighth, and Chapman's going to come in and bend, but not break, and not throw like any strikes. This breakdown is brought to you by DraftKings. Let's get into it. I know it's a couple of days ago, but I edited this a while ago, and I think it's funny. So Chapman comes in, and he's just outside and away with the slider. That's a ball. And then I believe he tries a fast ball. No, another slider outside and away. And then maybe a fast ball here, low. He just can't locate anything. 3-0, tries for a fast ball again, outside, away. Can't finish. The Orioles fans are excited. The leadoff runner's on. Bochi's like, what's going on here? Let me drink this in a little bit. Fast ball, up. So we got it over, but not down. Slider away, he gets the called strike there, and I think it did clip. But it's as close as you can get to not being a strike. Uh-oh. That's the splitter. The first one he threw of the inning, and the only one. He doesn't go back to it. He got cocky after he got the strike on the slider. He finally had a strike on the batter. He's like, all right, now let me throw my secret weapon, the splitter. And he just spikes it, and Haim has to go run after it. And that puts the runner on second base. So the Orioles have the tying run on second base. Look at the splitter grip here by Chapman. I don't know how you can control that. It's basically a fork ball. What it does is it comes out and just knuckles a little and drops, and that was a bad one. The two-one, fastball again, low. So now you've got a three-one count. And another slider, and low, looks at his fingers, like what's going on. He's like, I don't know. Bochi walks over to his pitching coach, and they're just looking at each other. He says, right now we've got to get somebody going. He's like, OK, well, yeah, two-on, no-out, not looking good. Next pitch, fastball, right down the middle. 99 miles per hour, ported in, but he's getting on the phone, getting someone going. So now he's confident. Let's do another one. That one's below the zone. A great scoop by a third baseman to start. A double play in the Orioles. They move the runner over, but they squander a big inning. Oh, keeps the glove down. Quick with the transfer. I love looking at the grip and then how they get it into a throwing grip. And a little sidearm motion. Simeon catches it high. He's going to come down with it nice with the transfer right into his fingertips and over to first, where he sticks it. Double play. Oh, another first pitch strike. So the two batters in a row, two first pitch strikes with the fastball. That was on 100 miles per hour. That's what he was been hoping to do. 0-1, is he going to do that again? 101, low.  Shakes off that pitch. Doesn't want it. The 1-1, low again, 100. Come on, man. 2-1, he's going to go slider here, fouled away. Now, that might have been in the zone for a strike. I'm not sure. I think game day has it out, but maybe the ump calls it. And that's a nasty combination, those two pitches. The fastball and the slider. You can see how, when he's on, it would be very hard to figure those out. Because the slider comes out really fast. 2-2 pitch up top with the fastball. And he freezes and stares like he did amazing. And maybe he did. Eyes light up, but swings through the high fastball. Duh. And that is how Chapman got into trouble and out of trouble by throwing really only two pitches that were strikes. But got out of it. That's all you need sometimes. Thank you to DraftKings for sponsoring this video. Appreciate them. Thank you to you guys for watching it. If you want to watch more, you can head to the channel where there's over 1,000 of these.


So last week, the left and progressives got a little bit of a pat on the head by the official Democratic Party when in a draft version of their official party platform, they gave a nod to Medicare for All apparently. Now, while the platform itself doesn't explicitly endorse Medicare for All, I think some view this as a victory for the left because it's a signal of what's to come. Maybe they don't support Medicare for All right now, but it shows that we're headed towards that path of Medicare for All. I for one do not see this as a victory because Medicare for All to me isn't something that I view as a long term goal. It's not, you know, encouraging to see that maybe sometime down the line Democrats will be willing to give us Medicare for All. It's a necessity right now. This is not something that we are aspiring to in 10 or 20 years. This is something that we need right now as we live through a pandemic. And the fact that the party is giving Medicare for All a nod means nothing to me. I don't want a nod. I don't even want an endorsement of the policy. I want the policy codified into law. I want it right now. And I'm not willing to accept anything less than Medicare for All. And when you consider the fact that their nominee, Joe Biden, has been openly hostile towards Medicare for All and literally ran an ad suggesting that his dead son would be insulted to have Medicare for All. I don't think that we should take this as a victory even if it's just a moral victory. The victory is getting Medicare for All, period, full stop. And thankfully a lot of people agree with me. Important people, delegates, for example, who are planning to rebel if the party does not officially endorse Medicare for All in their 2020 platform. And as Holly Otterbeen of Politico reports, a revolt is brewing among Bernie Sanders delegates three weeks from the Democratic National Convention. More than 360 delegates, most of whom back Sanders, have signed onto a pledge to vote against the Democratic Party's platform if it does not include support for Medicare for All, the petition's organizers told Politico. They argue that single-payer health care is an urgent priority amid a worldwide pandemic and the biggest unemployment crisis since the Great Depression. This pandemic has shown us that our private health insurance system does not work for the American people. Millions of people have lost their jobs and their health care at the same time, said Judith Whitmer, a Sanders delegate and chair of the convention's Nevada delegation, who helped spearhead the pledge. There's people leaving the hospital right now with millions of dollars in medical bills. What are we going to do about that? The warning is all but certain to set up a clash between Sanders' most dedicated supporters and presumptive Democratic nominee Joe Biden, who opposes Medicare for All at a time when the party is seeking to demonstrate unity ahead of its August convention. Though the petition's signers have little chance of revising the platform to include Medicare for All support, they do have the numbers to draw attention to their protest and cause. It is also likely to trigger fears among Democratic leaders about a repeat of the 2016 convention when the party's divides were on public display as Sanders supporters booed the mention of Hillary Clinton, the left-wing groups Progressive Democrats of America and RootsAction.org are announcing Monday that they support the vow to vote against the platform if it doesn't include Medicare for All. The Bernie Delegates Network, a coalition made up of hundreds of Sanders delegates, said it will also publicize the petition. Organizers expect efforts will net hundreds more signatures, including from Biden delegates. I would be shocked there if you got more than a dozen Biden delegates, but, nonetheless, there's one more paragraph that I want to share with you, which I think is crucial because I think you can already anticipate the response. They're going to say, oh, well, how dare these Bernie delegates do this? I mean, Donald Trump could be re-elected. Why would you want to, you know, divide the party at a time when we're all supposed to come together? But this is their answer, and I think this is really important. Organizers also said they are not being divisive. Rather, it's the party leaders who are overruling the grassroots who are being divisive, they argued. They point to exit polls showing that majorities of Democratic primary voters across states are in favor of Medicare for All. That's exactly it. When most people in the country and the party support Medicare for All, it's not the people who want the policy who are the ones being divisive. It's the rulers. It's leadership who are doing the dividing if they're not getting on board with what everyone else wants and public opinion polls that only bolsters our argument. But if Medicare for All is the one policy that will give 100% of the population healthcare, then I don't even care what the polls say. You do what is right. But I mean, the fact that we have to fight them on this during a pandemic is extremely frustrating and they're most likely will be a rebellion because as this article came out just hours after actually, Bernie delegates officially proposed an amendment to the platform committee to adopt Medicare for All and it was voted down overwhelmingly with 125 no votes to only 36 yes votes. So yeah, this is going to be a rebellion that's in full swing and I unequivocally supported. Because look, think about this. Let's say that this rebellion was successful and they didn't adopt the platform. That would be important. It would send a really huge message to the establishment. But even if the Democratic Party chose to include support for Medicare for All explicitly in their platform, their party platform, like Party Manifestos, these are non-binding documents. So it doesn't actually matter even if they say our official position is Medicare for All. That doesn't mean that we're going to get it. So it would be a symbolic victory but they can't even give the left a symbolic victory. It's constantly the middle finger up 100% of the time letting you know that they refuse to support this life-saving policy. They're okay with people dying. If you don't have healthcare or if you get COVID-19 and you have insurance but it doesn't cover everything, then they're fine with you going bankrupt or dying. That's the position that they're taking and it's morally reprehensible. And what makes matters worse is that Joe Biden is trying to find ways to placate us when it comes to the issue of healthcare because he knows what we want. So what he's doing is he's trying to tell us what we want to hear while not actually giving us the policy we want. So for example, he stole the rhetoric of Medicare for All activists and he's tweeting out things like, oh, I believe healthcare is the right. And on top of that, he had the audacity to praise himself in a discussion with Obama about how wonderful the ACA is as the Republican Party has completely dismantled it and we need something more. Remember when Beau was toward the end and the only person I told the detail all the time was you because you had a right to know exactly what. And he only had months left to go and I used to sit there watching him in the bed in the pain and dying of glioblastoma and I thought to myself, what would happen if his insurance company was able to come in which they could have done before past Obamacare and said, you've outrun your insurance. You've outlived it. So for the last five months of your life in peace, you're on your own. All the things that it did, that it was so profound an impact on people, it was like it took them a while until they started to take it away to realize what was happening.  And in some cases to lose somebody, but that loss is compounded when you see the stress on their faces because they're worried that they're being a burden on their families. They're worried about whether the insurance is gonna cover the treatments that they need. I couldn't be prouder of what we got done. 20 million people have health insurance that didn't have it because of what we did. Imagine promoting that video thinking that you're serious about healthcare. Unbelievable. Now to them, the reason why they're patting themselves on the back there is because success to them with regard to healthcare policy is how many people get health insurance, not healthcare itself, right? To them, if you get someone health insurance, good enough. Wash your hands. You're done. Now they say, look, we extended health coverage. More than 20 million people got insurance under the Affordable Care Act. Except you left 30 million out when you had a super majority and you could have gotten Medicare for all. Second of all, if someone has insurance and they bought it off of the Obamacare exchanges, that doesn't necessarily mean that they'll have full healthcare because they're purchasing expensive insurance plans that are garbage. They're shitty, right? You might have insurance, but still not be able to get everything that you need. All of your healthcare needs are not automatically met if you have insurance. Like I just talked to my niece last week. She has insurance, so theoretically, she should be fine, right? Except she needs her tonsils removed immediately and she has to fight with her insurance company. So just because you have health insurance, that doesn't mean that you have healthcare. It's not a way to measure success. But to them, they know exactly what they did. They know where they went wrong, so they're trying to gaslight you and make you think that what they did was better than it was in actuality.  It may not have been like a giant repeal that happened in one vote, but it's death by 1,000 cuts. They've been working to undermine the ACA since forever. And so you have to take it a step further. Now when you have people who support Medicare for All passionately, especially during a pandemic, for you to say I'm still not going to give that to you is unforgivable. It shows how they're just, they're not right for this moment. They don't understand what's needed right now. So, you know, I am looking forward to the ghouls saying, oh, look at these Bernie Democrats. All these delegates here who support Bernie Sanders, they're trying to hurt us. They're trying to help Donald Trump get reelected. You are helping Donald Trump get reelected. Anything short of full Medicare for All isn't just a betrayal to your voters, but it shows that you actually don't care about human beings because if you're okay with more and more people losing their health insurance and thus their health care, if you're fine with thousands of people dying every single year because they don't have health care, you are the one who's being divisive because you're on the wrong side of history and you're cruel. I'm sorry. We're the ones who are right, you're wrong. So if you're not on board and willing to meet us where we are with Medicare for All, you're the ones who are being divisive. So I absolutely applaud them even if this isn't going to amount to much. It's not going to lead to us getting Medicare for All. What they need to realize is that we're not going to stop fighting for Medicare for All. We're not just going to throw our hands up and say, well, Bernie lost, so I guess there's our chance. No, we will keep fighting you at every single step of the way because this is the right policy. It's not only the popular policy, but it's the right policy. So get on board.


In order to keep on business, we need to sell all and everyone right, you know. If we don't get our money back, we're not going to be out of money for making new projects. We're not giving any work to the technicians, to the actors, to all the people that's related to a movie because when you talk about the movie, there are so many people that connect, you know. As a filmmaker, I mean all the movies make strong contribution to the economy of the country because it's not only the way you produce employment and health and movement of things but also the way of life of each country is made to the knowledge of all the international community through the movies, you know. There are things you convince people to go and visit places. You work for the tourist, you work for the culture, you work for a lot of things, you know.


So let's recap. We've had a look at the theory of quantum mechanics as evidence through the two-slit experiment and we've had a look at the history of quantum mechanics. And to recap the theory, everything's a wave.  And this theory, although it does sound a little strange to begin with, turns out to explain to the dozen significant figures or more every property of everything we've ever measured. Okay, it has no known bugs. Now we saw, especially through the history, how it explained the existence of atoms and how they work. We saw how it explained absorption and emission, the photoelectric effect, interference, and so forth. But our history only went through to about the 1920s where the modern form of quantum mechanics finally emerged. So what happened after that? So after that, the next major advance happened when we tried to marry the theories of relativity with quantum mechanics. Now not only did that help us get the details right so that we could get a dozen digits of significant figure agreement between theory and experiment, it also actually put a lot of restrictions on our quantum mechanical theories. In order for our wave evolution to obey the principle of special relativity, there are only certain theories that would work. And it turns out that some of those theories actually predicted particles that we'd never seen before. And then we went and looked for those particles, they were there. And this was the first time that completely new things had been discovered from theory rather than from experiment first. The normal role of science was that things would be observed and then theories would be developed to explain those things, and then those theories would be tested by further experiments. In this case the principles behind the theory suggested a slightly different version of the theory, and that version of the theory made predictions that turned out to be correct. And we saw completely new phenomena, in other words entirely new particles in nature that we hadn't seen before. And it didn't stop there. Quantum field theory, which is what this theory is called when you marry relativity with quantum mechanics, has predicted many new particles which have been observed, and also new forces and relationships between those forces, all of which have been verified to the best of our ability. And our best model of all these particles and forces is called the standard model. And you can learn more about the standard model in an upcoming module. The next thing that improved over the last hundred years since quantum mechanics was first invented was our understanding of the correspondence principle. And the idea here is that the quantum world, where everything's a wave, somehow has to correspond to the world we're used to for very large things. So even if you start to accept the evidence that an electron is a wave, it can go through two slits at the same time, the idea that we're made of electrons and things that can go through two slits at the same time, the logical conclusion of that is that we're a wave, and that we could go through say two doors at the same time. And we kind of reject that idea because we've never experienced anything like that. And we now have a far better idea of exactly how quantum mechanical behavior can lead to things that look like classical behavior at large scales. In the early days of quantum mechanics, Bohr took the rather controversial view that the quantum world and the classical world were distinct. He viewed quantum mechanics describe the world of microscopic things, so atoms and subatomic particles and things like that. But the classical world, where you have cats and trees and flowers, is a very different beast and was described differently. In other words, he didn't think that actually there was a continuous picture that you could go from one to the other. Now a lot of people had trouble with that because it seemed like an artificial boundary. If you describe one atom with quantum mechanics and 10 to the 23 as classical mechanics, what do you do with 100,000 or a million or a billion? Like, there must be some kind of transition. And if a model changes so dramatically from one kind of description to the other, then that gives us a kind of problem at the boundary. And this is more of a problem these days because we're very deliberately engineering large quantum states. We're building quantum systems that have large numbers of particles or large spatial extent. And what that means is we really need to know how to describe them. And thus far, quantum mechanics has always worked. And so we've tried to resolve this conundrum of having two different pictures for small things and big things by trying to see how the description for small things can extend to the big things and look like the world that we're used to. This is particularly important when looking at the most confusing of the postulates of quantum mechanics, which is this mysterious wave function collapse, which is where the behavior of particles seems to depend on whether you're looking at them or not. It's where the wave is traveling along as a wave. It can go through multiple slits or whatever else it does. And then when you look at it, it suddenly jumps and the wave function changes. And even over the last couple of decades, understanding of exactly how a quantum system interacting with the things around it leads to this apparent wave function collapse. And the final big story of recent developments in quantum mechanics is that we're starting to really use the quantum properties of things in engineering. We're trying to build quantum devices that really use this wave-like nature to do things that you can't do with classical devices. So for many decades, we've needed to understand quantum mechanics in order to understand the properties of materials and things like that. But now we're using the stranger properties of quantum mechanics as fundamental parts of our design. Hello, I'm still Kyle Hardman, and we're in the Quantum Sensors Lab at ANU. And in here is still the coldest place in Canberra, possibly Australia. Hi, Kyle. Hello, Joe. Hi. It seems like there's a lot of effort going here to make these atoms really cold. Why do you do that? Well, we go through all that effort so that the wavelength of the atoms become very, very large. We can then take the atoms and make them go through two separate paths and interfere them at the bottom. The interference pattern is strongly correlated to the acceleration of gravity. And because of that, we can make a precision measurement of the acceleration of gravity. Right. So using quantum mechanics for good? Using quantum mechanics for good. Great.


Last question is from do to do. What is your opinion on drop sets versus straight sets? Okay. So a drop set is when you, we'll use a, let's say we'll use curls as an example. So I do curls with let's say 35 pound dumbbells. I do, let's say 10 reps and now it gets real hard. Maybe I could do one or two more, but I stop, then I grab 30 pound dumbbells or 25 pound dumbbells. I do as many as I can. And then I got a stop and I'll grab a 20 pound or 15 pound dumbbell. So a drop set also known as a strip set is when you do X amount of reps with a weight and immediately switch to a lighter weight to be able to squeeze out more reps. And usually there's anywhere between two to five steps. You mean you could do what's called run the rack, which is a drop set where you're going from, you're going five pounds down and you're doing like six steps or whatever. It's a high intensity technique. It's a technique that's got value if used sparingly. Do not use these all time. Use them rarely. And then it's got some value. Straight sets is nine, where your set should be 95% of time. And a straight set is you do your reps and you rest. And then you do reps and then you rest. You rest, you know, between one to three minutes. That's 95% of your workout should be straight sets. The problem is a lot of people learn about these intensity type amplifiers, these, you know, drop sets and forced reps and negatives and all that stuff. And when you do them the first time, they feel amazing. You got a crazy pump and it's like, Oh my gosh, it's amazing. Then they do them all the time. This is a fast track towards over training, fast track towards halting your progress. So that was going to be the point that I made, which is these are all great tools, cluster sets, drop sets, pyramid sets, super sets, giant sets, like, and they're all different than your traditional straight sets. Straight sets, I think should be a bulk of your training and your workout regimen. And then occasionally you use these tools like all the ones I just listed to intermittently interrupt your normal training. But what happens to Sal's point again, I was going to piggyback off of it is people do something like this.  The pump. Oh, the pump. My arms blew up. Or oh my God, that worked. That was the best chestwork I have forever. And then all of a sudden you marry that and you become that person who does that all the time. So just be aware of that. It's a great way. Now, how do I, how do I intermittently do this today? The things that like, I think are faster, like intensity, they're intense because the rest periods are short from, you know, when you talk about clusters and drop sets, things like that, where you go boom, boom, boom, boom with no rest. So I like to use it when I'm in a time crunch. It's like, I think that's the most valuable. I do too. I think it's like, so I know I shouldn't do it all the time.  I've only got 20 minutes today and I really wanted to get a good workout. Oh, you know what?  And that and then now I not only do I have this novel stimulus because I don't do it that often, but I also save time and get us a full great workout in. Yeah. You know, you know, it's a rule of thumb with these is count all those as sets if you're trying to figure out your volume. In other words, a mistake I used to make was I would count one drops as it was one because it was all one set, right? But reality if I drop down four times four sets. Yes. So if I'm replacing straight sets with drop sets, every time I drop, that's all a set. So if I do four drops, that's four sets towards my shoulder workout, which is why it's an incredible time saver. Yeah. You know what I'm saying? You can literally take your your your basic straight set workout that takes you an hour and decide, Hey, today I'm in a time crunch. I haven't done this in a long time and you make everything a drop set and you're gonna be done in half the time. I'm gonna drop straight cluster strip it. Yeah. It's a magic mic workout. Wow. Justin, did you ever do know what any of these are? You guys are reminding me like I've done all of them, but I don't remember the names. There's no real sexy. Like why are they only sexy? Because you know why they make so they they do well for studies, right? So if someone you put somebody in a a six week study and show them use cluster sets are going to see all this off the charts like response because it's because of the intensity, right? And it's unique and different makes good for magazine clip out article stuff. That's why. Okay. You know, but for athletic purposes, I can't I mean, aside from maybe strength stamina, you might give someone like isolated strength stamina and a particular muscle. But I think for sports, you'd see more valuable more value for maybe combining two or three exercises not doing the same exercise, maybe maybe a compound lift like a squat. But really, what are you gonna get? You're gonna get stamina out of it. It's more of a hypertrophy based. Yeah, it's a bodybuilding. Yeah, it's more of a bodybuilding tool than it is a sports performance tool. For sure.  Try this go to Ask mind pump.com. This is our AI model. It'll answer your fitness question only based off of all of our episodes. So it's coming from us. That means it's accurate. Ask mind pump.com. You can also find all of us on Instagram. Justin is at mine pump Justin. I'm at mine pump to Stefano and Adam is that mine pump Adam