Any of you heard of that? No, I'm kidding. I want to talk about the tenth step, which is all about sun protection. Okay? So even if you don't know, all the nine steps is okay. It's pretty cool. Go and check out because skin carries health care. So UV index is actually recorded by every country, which is the strength of the sun and how harmful it is to our eyes, our skin. This is an example from the New Zealand Meteorological Department. This is an example from the Finland one, but they seem to have mapped it. But do you guys know that NEA locally also records it? And you can just Google NEA.gov.sg. And this was for today's one. I think today was fairly cloudy. So you can see that green means low, which is safe. And then 3 to 5 is moderate. This is basically UV index. And then you have 6 to 7 high, 8 to 10 very high, and above 11 is extreme. So a few months ago, I actually found a sensor that measures UV index. So basically it can also measure UVA and UVB, and then you combine it to measure UV index. And I found it on Adafruit, which is VML6075. This is a breakout board. The sensor is really, really tiny. It's like right in the middle here. And it has an I2C protocol, which is fairly easy to integrate. So you have the SCL and SDA. Because this is my first version of Prototype, I decided to use the breakout board itself. So if you guys want to play with the UV keychain, I can pass it around. But I'll also play with it and show you guys something. But also all the documentation, if you want to follow along, is at hutscape.com. So the idea is you just turn it on with a button, and you can either see it, the color schemes that you saw. So you see I have a little turn on button. Right now it's green because it is all safe here. There is no sun. So all you will see is green here. But you can also connect it to a Bluetooth low-energy chip on board. So let me show you the schematic. So for the hardware, I have used KiCAD. Any KiCAD users here, I think many of you, right? Wow, KiCAD is going better and better. I so like it. Especially KiCAD 5. If you guys have not tried it out, do it. So this is the board that I've used from the Adafruit. I have attached two switches to it. One to turn on and off the Bluetooth low-energy. And one to turn on and off the power itself. And basically on the other side, I have two other subcomponents. One is the UV sensor itself that I bought from the Adafruit.  Because you can imagine you're going to hang this on your backpack and maybe go for an entire day hiking. So I want as low battery usage as possible. And finally, I also have the RGB LED. And for the RGB LED, I have obviously configured it to what the NEA website says. So it will be green, yellow, orange, red and purple accordingly. So you'll be able to see it. And if it's at the back or somewhere inaccessible, you can also connect to your handphone and see it. I'll show you. So hardware-wise, it's really, really simple. And for the footprint-wise, I have used the two breakout boards, the Adafruit NRF-52, which comes with the lipocharging circuit on board. So that made it really, really easy to do the lipocharging. I can also flash the firmware. So they did the USB support as well. And also they also have the I2C that I can connect with the sensor. So then I send it off to JLCPCB, and it came back. And I just soldered it. So after the hardware, so once again, the files are all available here. And this is where I bought it from. Let me talk a little bit about the software. At first, I thought I should only build the firmware itself. So for the firmware, it is Arduino compatible. This is what I used for my first prototype. So I used the Adafruit NRF-52, which is like a wrapper around the Sunday Mysteries library on NRF-52. And I used it for the firmware that I flashed here. So it does, like, okay, it detects whether the sensor is available and then it starts measuring it. If it detects the Bluetooth low energies available, then it will also start advertising so that with the handphone you can access it. Now I found two other client software. So I'll talk about the iOS first. No, actually let me talk about Bluetooth low energy. How many of you have played with Bluetooth low energy before? This is actually my first project using Bluetooth low energy. So I learned that Bluetooth low energy has something called GATS services. And if you look at GATS services, there's this entire battery and blood pressure and glucose monitoring. So the one that I actually didn't know that UV index was part of it. So under environmental sensing, which is the GATS service, you can actually have UV sensing. So once again, there's also GATS characteristic on each of the services. There is UV sensing as well. It's right at the bottom. There is like UV index. So basically in the firmware, what I did is I published the GATS service environmental sensing and the GATS characteristic UV index. I also published one more, which is the battery. Battery is also available. I published as the battery percentage so that I can measure how much battery is there and then charge it. The good thing about BLE is that it also publishes the format. So it tells you what unit to use and what it is for. So they are very, very well documented on Bluetooth.com. Just go to GATS services and it kind of tells you what is the intention, what is their intention of creating BLE for. It's to measure a lot of actually our health properties. Next up, I will show you the client software. So basically I did not build the BLE client. I just use the NRF Connect, which is the NRF. So let me quickly show you actually. Since this is already on, this is going to my handphone and this is the scanner. You can see, right? Where is, come on. I've turned off my, no, it is on. Okay, let me off it and try again. There's a lot of BLE. All of you have a lot of, at my home I don't have so many. So you see Farm and Hutscape. This is my device. I'm going to connect to it and I have published the environmental sensing and battery. Like I said, I've published to GATS services. So let me go to the battery because there's something interesting to see. So right now, the value you see is in hexadecimal actually, 34, which I do not know what it is in decimal. But if you do not want to build a client, you just want to quick and dirty one. You can use the NRF Connect. It was pretty useful. You can just see it. The next one that I want to show you in terms of software is Web BLE. I thought this was pretty interesting. Sign in each of the batteries. Sorry? In each of the batteries. Tilt. This one of mic. How much battery is left? Yes, in terms of percentage. On the device? On the device, no, sorry. Only when it totally goes off, then you see, there's no green light. So then you have to just press and charge. So let me show you. This is actually using Web BLE, which only works on Chrome. But once again, if you want to try it out, why not? So I'll show you. If you can go to hudskip.com slash palm Web dash BLE, you have it. So I will read the UV index. And wow, you guys have a lot of... I should have done a filter. Never mind. By the time I find mine. Okay. Anyway, so you see all the devices are coming up here, right? And if you connect to it, you should be able to see it. But I have a video. Let's see. So at home, I connected to palm at hudskip. And then it will start. And this time I went to the balcony to actually start reading. So it's green. And this one was at around 1 p.m. So just look at the UV index, Singapore. Okay. Sorry? This is high, yeah. I'll show you the NEA graph again. So this was for the UV index. Same as what we saw in the NRF Connect. And now I'll go to the battery level. This one, they will convert it to the decimals. So I think a couple of days ago, my battery level was 46%. So Web BLE tried out even though it's just Chrome. Yes, Kai. So once again, it was 8.9, right? So it was very high. Actually, NEA has a recommendation on what to do as well. Use sunscreen, use umbrella. Let me show you something. I think you guys, this was actually just today. This was just today. So this is like showing yellow. And I put my sunglasses. So what do you think will happen? I covered it with my sunglasses and it becomes green. So sunglasses does protect you from UV index. And I was testing to see whether my sunglasses actually works. Opaque. Oh yeah, absolutely. But yeah, I agree. But you can't wear opaque on your eyes. Can you, Kai? Maybe you can. So Web BLE is great. NRF is great. Let me talk about the bomb. The bomb cost was very high, $50 actually. I've open sourced all of them. That's because the biggest cost was the Adafruit NRF 52 feather. So in version 2, my main, main, main aim is to chuck out the module and use those, the ICs and the chip. Finally, for power.  It is 380 milliamp hours. So how many days do you think it lasted? The answer was there. So if I turn on the BLE as well as the sensing every four seconds, how many days do you think it lasted? It's only 380 milliamp hour. I was really scared that the person won't be able to take it on hiking at the back. It lasted for five days. So I'm actually very, very impressed with the battery consumption, the power consumption of a Bluetooth low energy. Very, very impressed. And so it lasts for five days. I just left it on and it is completely drained. In order to help us measure how much is the current draw, Nordic, which is the NRF 52 chip, the BLE chip, actually has an online profiler. But I kind of found it a little bit difficult to use in the sense that, yeah, sure, it will tell you the average current draw, but by the time you have your eventual circuit, it's completely different. So it's good to take it as a gauge, but ultimately I think you have to measure it. And finally, I want to talk about the version 2. And of course, after all the talks, we can talk again. So the version 2, I don't want to use any modules as they are big and bulky, but I want to use the module that was inside the NRF 52, this tiny little thing itself. It costs a lot less. So I'm going to use that NRF 52. I also want to use just one switch, a dual pole, triple throw. I also want to use a smaller and brighter LED. You know, this LED looks very bright, but in the sun, it looks not bright at all. So I need even brighter LED. So I need to find that. And I'm also thinking of using a smaller rechargeable coin cell, maybe CR2450 if you guys have any experience with that, let me know. And I'm also thinking a lot about the mechanical stuff, like smaller, lighter, and that's why I want to have the one layer board so that the behind can still be used for battery housing. So, yeah, that is all. I don't think I have anything else. So that's the project. I'm going to maybe pass this around. Should I do it now or later? Yeah, we can hang out and now we can look at it later. I have the PCB boards as well if you want to look at it. Yeah, I think that's it. Thanks.


Radial 59 WROW, first on the dial in Albany's Connectivity and Try. WROW temperature 29 degrees, Radial 59 time at 5.30. And now, another tale well calculated to keep you in... ... In a moment, Moonlight Sail, by William N. Robson. Winsen tastes good like a cigarette's good. Winsen tastes good like a cigarette's good. Winsen gives you real flavor for its tobacco flavor. Winsen's easy drawing to the flavor comes right through to you. Winsen tastes good like a cigarette's good. A modern builder? Sure, Winsen has it. But that's only the beginning of a Winsen. Up front, up where it really counts, Winsen packs exclusive filter blend. Light, flavorful tobaccos, specially selected and specially processed for filter smoking. Filter blend. That's why it's fun to smoke Winsen. America's best-selling filter cigarette. Winsen tastes good like a cigarette's good. The ancient Romans called the Mediterranean Mary nostrum RC. For the past several years I've made it my seat up to the point. At least there isn't a port between Gibraltar and the Suez Canal I haven't been in and out of... ...without the knowledge of the harpooners. I was once a gob in the U.S. Navy... ...and the crafty skipper was once a PT boat in the U.S. Navy. Now, we can both be head for a price. If the price is right. That's Marius, my first mate's crew. I signed him on one night in a dive in Marseille... ...after I'd come between him and a crazy Moroccan who wanted to give him a facelift... ...with the broken end of a wine bottle. Marius may have a rather carefree coat of ethics... ...but I know I can count on his loyalty. So long as I pay him regularly. There are the bells up on the suque, the old section of the canal. The sun is dipping toward the mountains of the Esterelles... ...and another day is drawing to a close on the glamorous... ...and expensive French Riviera... ...where the pickings have been precariously leaned... ...for the cruiser Moroccan bird and its men. All done, sir. Ah, but who knows? Maybe this is our pigeon. May I come up, boss? Sure. What can I do for you? You said that your booty fought higher. That's right. And are you free for the season? Yes. Yes, I am. Good. Then I should engage you. For what? Oh, just a boat ride, a moonlight sail. Where? Just out in that? Why? Monsieur, am I engaging you or are you engaging me? I'd like to know what I'm getting into. That's all. What is nearly as I say, Monsieur, a moonlight sailor... ...a young lady whose capitulation you either get or not. Oh, I see. Well, I'm not sure the mockingbird is very well rigged... ...for your purpose. She looks as equipped. Okay. What time? Uh, say eight o'clock. You know the Villagouet on Catancide? The big place up by Eden Rocks... ...that rich American dam list for the summer? Yes, sir. I'll be there. Oh, one thing, Monsieur. Yes? How long? How long is it going to take you? Who knows? Two hours? Three hours? One cannot put a time limit on these men. Oh, yeah, I know. Say ten thousand francs for the evening. Agreed, Monsieur. That's eight o'clock then? At eight o'clock. That's it, Steve. I do not like you. But, my friend, the buck is a buck. Or, as we say in France. Four hundred francs is four hundred francs. Make fast that bow line, Marius. I haven't known Captain. Well, Monsieur the Captain, you're right on the bend. Part of our service, Monsieur.  Oh, forgive me. It is Foyer. Racket Foyer. And this is Mademoiselle Adèle. I'm glad to have your board, Mr. Bell. Thank you, sir. Any special place you wanted to go, Monsieur Foyer? A gift. It's a great south. South? Yes. To Africa. I was beginning to dislike this puny little Frenchman with his shifty eyes, but I didn't give him any argument. He was paying for the evening, and if he wanted to ride toward Africa, I'd head south for a little while. The girl sat huddled on one side of the foredeck, her back turned to the Frenchman, and he leaned against the rail, watching him. Ten. Like a black cat ready to pound. Then, for a moment, he averted his gaze, as he turned into the wind to light a cigarette. Adèle leaped to her feet, ran a stern, and climbered into the wheelhouse. Captain, where are you taking me? Where's the guy? Is he all right? Yeah, who's shot? What do you say? If he badly heard... Sorry, I don't know what you're talking about, lady.   You can know everything in good time. And anyway, Captain, no, it's nothing. Now, now, come along with me. But this is... I said come with me, without me hearing how this he did. With a yank that nearly pulled her arm from his socket, he hauled Adèle out of the wheelhouse and back forward. Marius looked at me and shrugged. The big fella he... He's been there by the lure. You know what I think, Steve? Not to tell you, tell me. This fella is not in love with this girl. No. Yes. Well, what are you going to do? Yes, but who is this cop who is so badly heard? And what is this destination, this fella, that we were approached? Who knows? It's his boat ride. He paid for it. Yes, but, Steve, I'd like to... Help! What's wrong? Hey, look! He's spitting her over there! Help! This is the foredeck. Just in time to grab this struggling girl before she went over the side. She was too shaken to speak, but the Frenchman wasn't some kind. Well, thank you, Captain. Thank you. She was trying to pose up to the floorboard. I struggled to prevent her, but she was too strong for me. Maybe it had not been for you. I bet I saw how it happened. Oh. Get out of the wheelhouse.  Both of you. Thank you. He's trying to push me over the board. I know. Marius? Where's my captain? Bring her around. We're going in. Okay. All ahead, Frank. All ahead, Frank. Sooner I drop this cargo, the happier I'll be. Nobody said anything to the next few minutes. The girl was too shaken to talk, and the Frenchman was figuring his next move. Marius held the wheel, driving the mockingbird across the moon-drenched water at top speed. And I stood by, and went further than they happened. You don't owe me anything, but 10,000 francs for the evening's outing. Oh, that. There you are. Thank you. I never lived. I feel I must be strange. You see, my wife... Your wife? What kind of a story is that? Oh, I did my dear. And I am not your dear. Captain, I hardly know this man. He's a friend of Mrs. Dawson, my fiance's mother. What? This is Dawson with these words this evening. Miss Chuck had been hurt, skin-diving over on St. Margaret Island. He was asking for me. Well, this man was a guest for dinner. He offered to get a coat. He'd take me to Chuck's, but... But he tried to drown me. He tried to push me overboard. You saw it yourself, Captain. Oh, look, I don't want to get mixed up with it. You've had your ride, and now the party's over. I'll take the wheel, Marius. We move, Captain. Stand by to make fast to bow, Commander. We move, Captain. I'll bring the fast, one, Captain. Very well. You first, Mr. F.Y.A. So, I was beginning to ready. Who's that? Mrs. Dawson, my fiance's mother. Did everything go off? A dare. What are you doing here? Didn't you expect to see me come back? Well, yes. I mean, no. I thought you'd be with Chuck. Well, we never went near the island. Your friend, Mr. F.Y.A., tried to drown me. Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Oh, my God. You must be mistaken, my dear. Well, anyway, I have good news. They found me from the island. Chuck is perfectly all right, and they're bringing him home. Oh, thank God. When will he get here? Well, later. And maybe not until morning. So come along, my dear. You look terribly tired. Oh, I am.  I'll call you the moment Chuck gets home. You see, Captain, it is necessary to humor her fantasies. Otherwise, she becomes quite violent. Yeah. Cast off, Marius. Let's get out of this joint.  And I couldn't get that girl out of my mind. She didn't sound crazy. She didn't act crazy. And there was no doubt about it the Frenchman had been pushing her over the side. And the woman, Mrs. Dawson, whoever she was, seemed not only surprised, but furious to see the girl. I knew it was none of my business, but that's the way I am. Back to Kentucky. We crept into a quiet cove a quarter mile east of the villa. I left Marius an anchor watch and made my way back to the house along the silent moon dappled road. It was a big villa surrounded by formal gardens, a rambling Mediterranean house dominated by a round watch tower which looked out to sea. There were no lights on the landing side, so I made my way through the shadows toward the water, and soon heard the low buzz of voices. There they were. Mrs. Dawson and Jack standing on the terrace, which faced the sea. There I was. I've been seen away from them. Hidden behind an excursion. Oh, what do you think? It's all madame. Well, then perhaps you can explain your failure. All would have gone well, had it not been for that American musket. Oh, excuse me. Excuse me. What could I do? He heard her scream. You shouldn't have permitted her to scream. Madame Dawson, have you ever seen anyone? Of course not. Then you are in no position to criticize me. That girl must not marry my son. I understand that. Perhaps. Tonight. You said you would do it tonight. I'd but now. Well, there is still time. It's up over in Monte Carlo at the casino. The way that boy loves roulette, he won't be home until three or four o'clock in the morning. You'll still have time. But here in the villa, this is a different map over the county. At sea.  Oh, that? Look. Her bedroom in the tower. You see that building up there? Yes. That's her room. The room in the tower is occupied. And up beneath the balcony, a sheer drop of nearly a hundred feet to the rock below. In the morning, her body will be found on the rock. An unfortunate exit. I see, madame. And may I say one thing? Yes, sir. You should be in my line of work. You would do well. I sneaked away on this high note of confidence and returned silently to the road. As I ran back to the marching herd, I worked out a rough plan for the rescue of a fair maiden from her dungeon tower. The light in the tower room was still on. Marius used the marching berg toward the base of the tower until his prowl punched into the sand between a couple of rocks.  It doesn't look too bad, Marius. Up that bank of the terrace, and up those vines that they're strong enough, and onto the roof. After all, that tower was never designed to repel invaders. It was built to look old and quaint, and you see those stones sticking out of the stucco every now and again? It looked close enough to be useful as a ladder. All right, give me the coil of rope. Here you are. You know what you have to do down here. I know. Oh, the light just went out. I gotta get moving. First part of the climb was a cinch, and the vines were old and sturdy, but the whimsical architect who embedded those picturesque stones in the tower had never intended them to serve as a ladder. A couple of times I was sure that they would find my body along with the bells from the rocks in the morning. But I finally made the balcony scratch, bleeding, and scared. But not half as scared as the bell. Who's there? Who is it? Steve. What are you doing? Don't talk. Just listen. We haven't got much time. Listen to me. Chuck is all right. Oh, thank God. He isn't hurt. This is the casino at Monte Carlo right now. Oh, I don't know. You were right about the Frenchman. He tried to drown you, and in just a minute he'll try to push you off the balcony.  We've got to get you out of here, and there's only one way over the balcony. Come on. There's no time to get prettied up. Just come as you are. Come on. She got out of bed and came out to the balcony with me. I dropped a light line that I'd carried up with me. Marius fastened it to a coil of three-quarter inch manila, which I pulled out and looped over the railing of the balcony. Then I tied a French bowline on the end of my improvised bows and feet, and a bell stepped into it. I helped her over the edge of the railing, waved to Marius, and he began to lower the terrified girl to the rock. As she disappeared from sight, I heard the door of the room open softly behind me. I turned and the Frenchman quietly entered, and kipped over to the bed. I danced. Your pigeons flowed in the tupperware. You ought to thank me. This is the second time tonight I've kept you from committing murder. With this expression of disapproval, he went for me. I crouched, and flipped him across the room with my best judo. But this Frenchman fought with his feet. It was I who flipped. Just a moment, we will return for the concluding act of... Welcome Recording Star Mel Tormé. It's terrible trying to sing with a bad cold. So why don't we take four-way cold tablets to relieve cold miseries fast? Good idea. Tests of all the eating cold tablets proved four-way fastest acting. Four-way starts in minutes to relieve muscular pain, headache, reduced fever, calm upset stomach, also overcomes irregularity. When you catch cold, try my way. Take four-way cold tablets. Fast way to relieve cold distress and feel better quickly. Four-way, only 29 cents. Our program will continue in a moment after a word about another fine product of Grove Laboratories. Does dandruff dull your hair, leave scalp itchy? Get Fitz dandruff from over shampoo and get rid of unsightly dandruff in three minutes. Three minutes with Fitz regularly is guaranteed to keep embarrassing dandruff away forever. Apply Fitz before wetting hair. Rub in one minute. Add water, lather one minute. Rinse one minute. Every trace of dandruff goes down the drain. Three minutes with Fitz, unsightly dandruff's gone. Fitz can also leave your hair up to 35% brighter. Fitz, dandruff from over shampoo. I was out, not long, but long enough for him to get out on the balcony of the hotel's improvised elevator. I shook my head gruggily to see him hacking away at the rope with a pocket knife. I jumped in, yanked him away from the rope. He leaped to his feet and came at me with a knife, pushing me back against the railing. I fought off the knife hand but it came closer and closer to my throat. And then he lost his balance just a flesh and just enough for me to use judo. And he flipped over the balcony and down, down to the rock below. I clamored over the railing and went down the rope, hand over hand. The dell stood trembling, at the silent heat that was the Frenchman's body. Come on, Adele, we've got to get out of here. It could have been me. It could have been me. That's right. Give me a hand, getting her aboard, Marius. Come along, Adele. Easy now. All right. There. There we are. We just lay back and rest. Who's down there? What's going on down there? Uh-oh, I was afraid she'd hear that scream. Fire her up, Marius. Remote, Captain. Stop or I'll shoot. All ahead, Frank, Marius. All ahead, Frank, Captain. No wonder she hired the Frenchman to do her killing for her. She can't shoot for sour apples. We got out beyond the three-mile limit as fast as the mockingbird would go, which is plenty. Then we headed east toward Monte Carlo, the life to the Boulevard des Anglais twinkled like a jewel necklace along the waterfront of me. But we were safe out here. In case Mrs. Dawson had alerted the Niswaz Harbor patrol to intercept us, Bill France, Mr. Stern, and the dark bulk of Cape Paras, and then the little town of Bodin. At last, we rounded Kid Dye, and there ahead rose the white facade of Monte Carlo, hovering with light. And we flipped into the territorial waters of Monte Carlo, placed from the front of the boat. Where can I drop the anchor, Steve? We haven't got time. Tie up at the customs here. The customs? Sure, we're not carrying contraband this time. You don't have to smuggle as pretty a girl as Adele in the monocle. We tied up at the customs dock under the astonished gaze of the guard who had merged from his red and white striped sentry box. But don't miss it. You have a landing for me? Not yet. We're in a hurry. But you can go by. Yeah, I know. I know. I'll be back.  Yes. You see, we're refugees from France. Oh? An affair, d'amour.   We made our way to the terrace of the casino and stood outside looking through the windows of the tunnel today. It was crowded, as usual, with dutifully gone women, men in evening dress, intent upon the Roulettes and macaronchement affair. Adele appeared anxiously trying to find her a boy in the crowd. So many people I can't find. Well, then let's go in. Like this? With your peat coat over my neck? An embarrassing... Oh, it's not a new fashion. Oh. No, I mean it. But my hair's such a mess. Oh, well, in that case... Oh, there he is. Huh? I can't. Where? Over there by the big roulette table. See? The tall blonde. Oh, yeah. Yeah, I'll go get him. Keep an eye on her, Marius. Well, yes, I'm keen, Steve. We did not bring her this spot and let her get away, eh? Ha, ha, ha. Well, well... Well, Monsieur, let's review what Monsieur had done. He said we're always double-bureaux. He said we're always double-bureaux. Well, Monsieur, let's review what Monsieur had done. We aim for blue. Your name's Chuck Dawson? Yeah. Why? Someone wants to see you outside on the terrace. Oh, oh. Surprise. Ha, ha, ha. What is it? Come along. Hey, wait a minute. I got a lot riding on 17 red. I got a lot more riding out on the terrace. Adele. What? Come on. Is that George? Monsieur. Monsieur Dawson. What's that word? It's your name. I gave it. Hey, Adele. Oh, Chuck. Chuck, I never thought I'd hit you with him. Well, what is this? What's this all about? Well, there'll be plenty of time for explanations later. The important thing is, do you want to marry this girl? Corsages. Well, then I suggest you do it right away and in Monte Carlo, where the authorities take a dim view of murdering mothers-in-law and kidnapping skippers. You've been listening to Moonlight Sale, written for suspense by William N. Robeson. In a moment the names of our players and a word about next week's story of suspense. Are you out of tune due to irregularity? Then help yourself get back in tune with Kellogg's All Brand. Pleasant, isn't it? The feeling of well-being you get when constipation from lack of bulk is no longer a worry. When harsh, irritating drug laxatives can be thrown away. Because Kellogg's All Brand is the normal, natural way to regularity. Its whole brand content, gentle-the-way constipation, supplies your system with the bulk-forming foods you need for youthful regularity. And it tastes good, too. Fact is, Kellogg's All Brand is the one and only whole brand cereal that combines proved effectiveness with appetizing tastes and crispness. So if you're out of tune, help yourself get back in tune as millions do with Kellogg's All Brand. K-W-L-V-R-A-N. Kellogg's All Brand. Third in tonight's story were Frank Thomas Jr. as thieves, Louis van Rooten as Jacques, Joan Lazer as Adele, and Ethel Owen as Mrs. Dawson. Others included Jack Manning, Jim Bowles, Sam Raskin, and Guy Ratt. A sober word about this holiday season, keep in mind all through the holiday season, highways are dangerous. Slow, steady, and sober will see you safely through. And listen again next week when we return with Zero Hour, Ray Bradbury's chilling story of the day the children take over the world. Another tale well-calculated to keep you in... on CBS Radio.


And one welcome to the 35th lecture on the subject of digital signal processing and its applications. We have spent several lectures until the last one to look at certain basic principles in filter design. In fact, now we are at a position where we can realize filters as well with different structures. We have talked about filter design and realization. We have not quite exhausted all the possibilities either of design or realization. After all, you know, the subject of design and the subject of realization is more than 25 years old. So, there have been several developments in the field and we cannot possibly capture all of them in a short span of time as we have. Even so, we have given some of the best known structures and approaches. And therefore, as you do your assignment on filter design and realization, you will at least get a complete knowledge of one approach to filter design and realization with the lattice structure. With that, then we now need to carry out the next step namely, if we happen to have designed a filter and realized it, we must also be able to evaluate it. And other than the question of evaluating a filter, it is also important for us to be able to depict the frequency of the transform domain on a computer. You see all this while, we have assumed that the transform domain only needs to be calculated. We have not quite thought about how it should be depicted on a computer. And if we do depict it on a computer, we have no choice but to discretize that domain. Nothing continuous can really be represented on a computer. So, what we are going to do today is to discretize the frequency axis and that would lead us to what is called the discrete Fourier transform as opposed to the discrete time Fourier transform. You see the discrete Fourier transform or the D of t as we would refer to it in the future is discrete both in time and frequency that should be clear. The discrete time Fourier transform is discrete, uses a signal or a sequence that is discrete in time but it is continuous in frequency. So, in contrast the discrete Fourier transform about which we are going to talk today is discrete in both domains. Now, the question is very simple, let us begin with the following question. We have a sequence X of n with D t of t capital X of omega. We wish to discretize X of omega and let us for the moment assume uniform discretization. What I mean by that is like uniform sampling, we sample at a uniform rate. Now, please remember sample means sample in the omega domain not in time. We sample on omega with a spacing let us say delta omega. So, yesterday we had the concept of sampling in time where we said that we would take one sample every t units of time. Now, we are saying we will take one sample on the frequency axis every delta omega spaced on the frequency axis. Now, you must remember that when you are taking the discrete time Fourier transform of a sequence, it immediately has periodicity implicit in it. So, there is really no point in taking samples all over the omega axis. You need to take samples only in one period of 2 pi and this time instead of taking the standard interval minus pi to pi, let us take the standard interval 0 to 2 pi. So, let us consider the samples taken from omega equal to 0 to omega equal to 2 pi. And let there be capital N samples in this period. Two reasons omega equal to 0 is included as we would intuitively do normally. Now, if you have N samples and if you have included omega equal to 0, what you are saying effectively is that the spacing is 2 pi divided by N, is that right? So, we are saying delta omega is 2 pi by N. First, analyze the situation. We have a discrete sequence X of N. We have taken its DTFT that gives X of omega. We have sampled with the spacing delta omega equal to 2 pi by N and we take only samples between 0 and 2 pi for obvious reasons. All the other samples are simply repetitions of these and so, as we expect we have N samples there and what we are trying to answer or analyze is the adequacy or the inadequacy of these samples for understanding the sequence and also and therefore, the discrete time Fourier transform. You see what was the question that we began with when we began this course. We said if we want to deal with signals continuous time signals on a computer, you need to sample them. Now, when you sample them, what is going to happen is a loss of information in some sense. Now, how does that loss of information manifest? We saw it manifests not by not allowing the possible signal, but allowing too many possible signals which could have had those samples. So, the loss of information is by creation of ambiguity. Now, something similar is expected here. You see here we are doing sampling twice, we are sampling in time and then we are also sampling in frequency. So, of course, we could forget for a moment that we have sampled in time and we will only look at the consequence of sampling in frequency and we shall invert the principle of duality. You see duality is a very basic principle in the Fourier transform. I shall not formally stated, but informally what duality says is that if you make a statement involving the time and the frequency domain for continuous time signals, then an equally correct statement can be obtained by reversing the roles of frequency and time. Now, let us use that informal understanding of duality. In fact, let us state first that informal understanding of duality and informal statement of duality. For every statement, for every correct statement involving the continuous time and continuous frequency domains, an equally correct statement where the role of time and frequency has been reversed. See, this is for continuous time and continuous frequency, but with some skill we can also adapt it to discrete time and continuous frequency as we have here. You see, we can for the moment treat discrete time as a train of impulses, train of pulses moving towards the train of impulses and even though you see of course, we have always focused between 0 and 2 pi at 0 and 2 pi of minus pi and pi, but we need not do so necessarily. We could consider the entire frequency axis and keep the periodicity and then work with that for the requirement of duality. So, what I am saying is we invoke duality for the DTFT and how do we invoke it, analyze the effect of sampling. You see, what did we have when we sampled in time, when we sampled in time with a spacing of t, the consequence was to take the original spectrum, translate it by every multiple of 1 by t and then add up each of these translates. So, we took the original spectrum, the original Fourier transform, moved it by every multiple of the sampling frequency that is 1 by t or if you are talking about the angular frequency axis, it would be 2 pi by t. So, move it by every multiple of 2 pi by t or 1 by t and add up these carbon copies and if there is an overlap between these added spectra then you have aliasing. If there is no overlap, there is no aliasing, there is no distortion of the original spectrum if these carbon copies do not overlap with the original. Now exactly similar is the consequence of sampling in omega. You see, sampling in omega with spacing theta omega equal to 2 pi by n mean create carbon copies of the original signal or sequence X of n shifted to every now every be careful. Here we are talking about angular frequency, so 2 pi by delta omega that means n. Since you are talking about angular frequency, you need to take the 2 pi by the spacing. If you were talking about Hertz frequency or the normalised Hertz frequency then you would just take the reciprocal.  And the second is to add these carbon copies means the resultant is essentially a sum of these carbon copies including the one at r equal to 0. So if you want to be very careful in delineating the copies from the original you could say for all r belonging to the set of integers minus 0 if you want to be very, very fussy you could write it like that. The resultant would be P n let us call it X P n a periodic version of X n r going from minus to plus infinity X n plus r n. So we have the original sequence translated by every multiple of capital N and add it. This could be multiplied by a constant it is called kappa 0. You see a constant arises out of sampling so you see when you sample there could be a multiplication of each sample implicitly by a constant the process of sampling could multiply the whole train by a constant but that is a minor issue. We shall either neglect that constant or assume that we have taken care in the process of sampling that it is made one if not include the constant it just multiplies the whole signal by a constant it is not a very serious issue anyway. So this is the situation. So it is very simple like we had aliasing in frequency we would have aliasing in time. So if these carbon copies of the original sequence overlap with the original sequence there is time domain aliasing. If any of the X n plus r n r and integer r not equal to 0 overlap with X of n we have time domain aliasing it is not we do not but you see what is very clear from here is that if a sequence is of infinite lengths and if you sample the omega axis you cannot avoid time domain aliasing and that is not surprising it is perfectly dual to what happens in frequency. If a signal is not band limited if you sample it in time its spectrum has to be aliased there is no choice. So aliasing is inevitable when you have an infinite length sequence time domain aliasing I mean is inevitable when you have an infinite length sequence and time domain and frequency domain aliasing is inevitable when you have a signal which is not band limited. Just like the case of band limited signals if a sequence be a finite length then it is possible to avoid time domain aliasing and the rule is very simple if you have sampled with a sampling rate of 2 pi by n on the frequency axis you can avoid time domain aliasing if the number of the range over which the sequence is non-zero is less than or equal to capital n. So very simple we can avoid time domain aliasing for finite length sequences xn which have lengths which have length now when I say length range of non-zero sample values less than or equal to capital N what it means is if the sequence be shifted by capital N there is no overlap either backward or forward as simple as that yes.


NATO chief voices fear of war with Russia while U.S. greenlight's drone strikes on Russian territory. In what anti-war's Dave DeKamp describes as a rare acknowledgment of the dangers of backing Ukraine, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg acknowledged a fear of something going horribly wrong and leading to a hot war between the nuclear armed alliance and Russia. In an article titled, I fear a full-blown war between the West and Russia, NATO chief warns, the telegraph writes the following, quote, I fear that the war in Ukraine will get out of control and spread into a major war between NATO and Russia, said NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, responding to a question about his greatest fears for the winter in an interview. He told Norwegian broadcaster NRK on Friday that he was confident that such a scenario could be avoided, but that the threat was there. If things go wrong, they can go horribly wrong, he added, end quote. And things absolutely can go horribly wrong when dealing with an increasingly aggressive standoff between nuclear superpowers, as we have seen from history. The last Cold War saw many nuclear close calls as a result of technical malfunctions and misunderstandings, including an incident during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when the only thing which prevented a nuclear-armed Soviet submarine from deploying its weapon on the US military, was one officer refusing to go along with two others who were giving the orders to fire. We got a taste of this horror once again last month in the long minutes following the erroneous reports that Russia had launched missiles at NATO member Poland. The fact that cooler heads have prevailed up until this point does not mean that nuclear brinkmanship is safe. Any more than a game of Russian roulette not ending after the first couple of trigger polls would mean that Russian roulette is safe to play. So Stoltenberg is correct to be afraid. There absolutely are too many things that can go horribly wrong in such a standoff, and there are simply too many unpredictable moving parts for anyone to feel confident that this will not happen. And it's pretty crazy to hear Stoltenberg voice these concerns even while the Pentagon gives the go-ahead for Ukraine to begin launching long-range attacks on targets inside Russia in its war that is being backed by the United States, because those two positions would seem to be pretty strongly at odds with each other. In an article titled, Pentagon Gives Ukraine Green Light for Drone Strikes Inside Russia, the Times reports as follows. The Pentagon has given a tacit endorsement of Ukraine's long-range attacks on targets inside Russia after President Putin's multiple missile strikes against Kyiv's critical infrastructure. Since daily assaults on civilians began in October, the Pentagon has revised its threat assessment of the war in Ukraine. Crucially, this includes new judgments about whether arms shipments to Kyiv might lead to a military confrontation between Russia and NATO. This represents a significant development in the nine-month war between Ukraine and Russia, with Washington now likely to supply Kyiv with longer-range weapons, end quote. The Times quotes a US defense source as saying the following, quote, We're not saying to Kyiv, don't strike the Russians in Russia or Crimea. We can't tell them what to do, it's up to them how they use their weapons. But when they use the weapons we have supplied, the only thing we insist on is that the Ukrainian military conform to the international laws of war and to the Geneva Conventions, end quote. They are the only limitations, but that includes no targeting of Russian families and no assassinations. As far as we're concerned, Ukraine has been in compliance, the source says, which is a strange assertion, giving that US intelligence has reportedly concluded Ukraine was behind the assassination of the daughter of Alexander Dugin. Ukraine has been careful to use its own drones, not US-supplied weapons, to carry out the strikes, The Times reports, while also noting that Pentagon officials have made it clear that requests from Kyiv for longer-range US weapons, including rockets and fighter bombers, which could be used for even more effective strikes inside Russia or occupied Crimea, are being seriously considered. This revelation comes days after Ukraine launched its most brazen attack into Russian territory yet, with drone strikes on bases which killed multiple Russian soldiers and damaged two nuclear-capable bombers. Not too long ago, the US waging a proxy war that features direct attacks on Russia's nuclear forces would have been an unthinkably terrifying prospect. Yet that's where we're at now, and it only seems to be escalating. Empire apologists will try to make this a conversation about whether Ukraine has a right to attack Russian territory, which is a red herring from the real issue at hand. Obviously, Ukraine has a right to attack a nation that is attacking it. That's not the point. The real issue is the danger of provoking a hot war between nuclear superpowers, which even the NATO Secretary General is becoming increasingly nervous about. The Western power alliance continually ramping up aggressions to test how far it could provoke Russia is what led to this conflict in the first place. Now we're at a point where there isn't much space for Russia to back up before it's against the ropes and potentially pressed to do something nobody wants. These people should not be talking about escalation, they should be talking about de-escalation. We need diplomacy, de-escalation, and détente. And we need them yesterday.


Hello, my name is Joakim Oklund from Sweden and you're watching Truckie Josh Vlogs in fresh air Or is it just diesel fumes? I'm not sure what they're building still in place as they should be Wonderful lights are all working Wonderful wonderful a lot of snow on this side here tires still filled with that premium winter air nice I Haven't changed out Still had summer air in there. It's a little cold over there.   There is attached. I knew it. Yes brakes are releasing as well Fantastic. Ah this poor guy.  Oh, look at that step on the bottom there But while it's in the shop get him to fix that step very dry night. That's for sure I'm not used to being so dry and feel it in my throat do another new day And we're going trucking man, it's gonna be a good day This guy's dropped his trailer here in the driveway. That's not a parking spot. I'm not even close That guy's not even a parking spot. It's dropped his trailer in the middle of the driveway That guy's going camping good for you buddy.  He's just bringing it to the dealership. Can you imagine camping in this weather? Thanks, there are people that do it a lot of people actually some people that we even know They just call it ice fishing the old camping out on the lake build a little hut on the lake on The ice and you know that little fire in there little wood stove or something and it doesn't melt the ice You know, you think it would right freaks me out. I've never done it Well, there's a lot of people they stay out on the ice overnight or they stay out all day Live and eat in there and they fish through a little hole in the ice What did I say was he talking about that trailer that was dropped in the middle of driveway to Well, if he dropped the blade in this driveway, maybe that's what he's talking about. It's a bumpy driveway That's why I don't like cbs. You can never really tell what people are saying, right? You know, they're saying something but And I even have the same accent as the guys up here so I can understand them better up here But if I go down south There's no hope that I'm going to understand anything that they're saying on the cb down there Oh Yeah, I'm not a big fan of cb radios. I have mine in here now I actually rode without one for years and years, but since we got old blue I figure she deserves a cb in here And I have it on it's nice to talk to uh people that pass by if they recognize my truck or some of my co-workers Oh, so it's been a net positive for me but I find it very hard to uh To understand what people are saying That next door is a walmart supercenter So, you know, this is a good neighborhood We're building that Isn't that cool? Well, they're building that but I'm bringing them the stuff for it looks like they're putting up the fourth story I'm wondering how many stories high can you go with just a wood frame? They're going up to level four here and it looks like the actually it looks like the rafters Or trusses are being put up On top of that so maybe four will be the top Or are they just finishing the third floor on the other side? I don't know This guy's unloading me over here And that freight right there that's my freight That's my freight. Well now it's theirs It was mine for a short time. We had fun Traveled through the bitter cold tundra of manitoba and north dakota To get here to the bitter cold of fargo north dakota This is the second apartment building that i've seen come up like there's tons of them So this is walmart on the south end of town. Uh, I think that's 52nd street right there If you look at a map of uh Of fargo, you'll see this is on the south end of town right behind me Running this way is i29 You know i29 past past the i94 south Our town you'll see the walmart here and this is a whole new development on google maps. It's just a big open field Huge neighborhood and development coming up here And trucker josh was a part of putting it together Well, he's bringing in the calvary Calvary has arrived calvary cavalry cavalry Cavalry the cavalry is here I don't know what i'm talking about most days The two of them now that are going to be unloading me. Wow, I feel special I'm getting a lot of attention today Dropping my stuff over there. I'm staying in the truck right now to stay out of their way And also because I don't want to freeze There's that also Close already. So you got the little skidster unloading the little stuff on the back You got this big guy here unloading one of the top pieces And as soon as they got that he's got it lifted up there. Can you see it in the mirror? As soon as he's got it off there, I'm going to quickly jump out and grab my tarps That are on top of this lower level up front I gotta grab those because those are mine There he goes You are mine You belong to me Come Come my children Come Come here Come here before I start swearing at you Come here Oh, they're like rock hard because they're frozen Ouch Oh Frozen solid That's lovely Come on, we're gonna get you up before he comes back Come here Come here To lean these up here We'll put them back on the trailer deck once Once we're done Man, these are not working with me Here we go Stay Just in case you never know So I had both of these closed up yesterday It was so cold It's about minus 20 Celsius outside right now So I opened up these top two There is no like real right or wrong way of dealing with this And not every winter cover is the same So, yeah, just sort of play it by Just eyeball it If your water is getting too hot, open them up If it's getting too cold, close them up There they go Like I've said before, while I'm stopped here, even though it's cold outside I have uh It's an engine heater That keeps my engine warm And a bunk heater that keeps my cab warm Though it's getting pretty hot in here right now I think the sensor for that bunk heater is like on the outside wall And the outside walls are sometimes a little cooler than the air inside here I have it turned all the way down and it's just Blasting me with hot air I'm actually gonna open the window a little bit I'm actually a little warm Let's get out of here I have an empty step deck behind me I'm headed back for a new load on the other side of the border There's a couple out there sort of working on right now I'm not sure exactly which one is gonna be mine But we'll figure that out later I'm hoping I can make it around this corner here This is extremely tight little corner Yikes Can't hit this snow bank here Or I'm gonna push my bumper in Okay I think we're good We're good Okay This way now Lots of space Tell me I can't do it I'll show you I can I got in here That means I can get out Let's go to Flying J Swing in there for a coffee And make our way back north I still need to clear this a little bit better here This is extremely narrow I'm gonna need to take it wide to get around this And this is a busy intersection here Okay well this way On this way Oh yeah plenty of room Plenty of room We're supposed to be getting a snowstorm here today yet So I want to get out of here This autumn season This fall season has just been nothing but snow up here Snow snow and more snow Now that you're watching this It's officially winter now though right So now winter has finally begun December 21st was the first day of winter Interstate 29 North Oh it's slippery here I've got no weight on my trailer So old blue is just struggling a little bit here To gain some speed Some of you have been asking recently A lot of Europeans Wondering what we do for winter with our tires We run the same tires year-round here They're very expensive My drive tires are probably four to five hundred dollars each My steer tires are about nine hundred dollars each Unless if those prices have gone up recently Which is probably the case To replace all of your drives in the back All eight tires you're looking at four to five thousand dollars So nobody is going to buy a set of winter tires And a set of summer tires Spending ten thousand dollars on rubber No I don't just buy tires that are all season These tires do good in the winter You want to get tires that are good for fuel economy But also have good bite They can bite into the snow you know The owner before me put firestone tires on this truck They've actually been performing really well for me I actually kind of like them I've never had them before These are our low profiles I usually stick with Michelin or BF Goodridge myself The steer tires on the truck right now are Michelin Those are the best steer tires you can get Say to Gath, Manitoba, pull it into the Flying J here Just top off the tank So some good old dinosaur juice But I was taking off the 23rd To next week after Boxing Day the 28th But there's nothing left for me to do this week There's no work Everybody, all the warehouses and customers And receivers and shippers are all shutting down for the holiday season And there's no where for us to go get freight and deliver it to Everything's shutting down for Christmas And I don't blame them Any other time of year I'd be like Ah come on No this is Christmas It's very important I wasn't going to work for today and tomorrow yet But it is what it is It's the Christmas season and it's very important to me Christmas gatherings This Christmas is about family That's the biggest part of Christmas You're supposed to be together with your family It's more important than everything else going on in your life You put everything else aside in this season And you come spend time with your family I'm fortunate I like my family both sides I really do So it's not difficult for me to say All right we're putting everything aside It's okay that I don't got any work right now I'm giving up work I probably could have work If I wanted to work through Christmas But there's no way I'm missing these family gatherings So as soon as we get back to the shop We are officially on Christmas holidays We want to park old Blue with full tanks Says she's nice and happy and well fed She deserves Christmas dinner too You done good old Blue It was a cold ride But you uh you did your job You did very good Very nice Oh I know what we can do I can install my new steering wheel that I got from Jim And uh new uh let me show you Let me show you I have it with me Because I was hoping to be able to install it on the road But uh I didn't have the time Check it out Okay my new steering wheel And I have a matching uh shifter to match Match this Exactly uh exactly what I wanted This is exactly the steering wheel I was looking at getting So 18 inch And don't forget about those train horns I have not forgotten about those I have a plan for them Don't worry So after Christmas I'm going to be running very hard Very very hard Because mid-march I'm starting my paternal leave So I'm taking four to six weeks in uh From March 17th to the end of April Or uh whenever we're comfortable with me Leaving after the After we have the baby It's our first baby We have a lot of learning to do Uh it's going to be quite busy Maybe a little overwhelming Especially for Britt She's not planning on getting a C-section But if she does end up needing one There's going to be uh I'm going to need to stay a little longer to help her Because uh her body has to heal up She can't do any lifting or anything So I got to be there to help her with that But uh yeah So after Christmas Once Christmas vacation is over Good movie Good movie We're going to watch that tonight But once Christmas holidays are over I'm going to be running my My royal tail off Until mid-march So that we can afford to have me Off the road for up to six weeks We can do it We can do it but uh I have to work hard for it So I may have to miss a few of the appointments Leading up to the birth She's due on April 1st And I plan to park the truck March 17th It's a Friday So for two weeks before the birth Just in case it's early And four weeks after Uh I'm planning on being home And all the vlogs for those six weeks Will be revolving around the baby So now the tanks are topped up We're ready to go home for Christmas vacation Merry Christmas to each and every one of you Have I said that yet? Merry Christmas To you sitting right there I hope you have something big or fun planned For the Christmas season It's the best time of year Okay talking fuel right now I want to talk about the difference between fuel prices In the U.S. As opposed to Canada More specifically North Dakota And Manitoba Now here in Manitoba The diesel price has been Around two dollars And six cents per liter Consistently for about a month now About that And that's where it's sitting at right now I'm paying two dollars and six cents per liter Which is a dollar fifty one U.S.D. Per liter So U.S. dollar U.S.D. Dollar fifty And uh you times that by Three point seven eight five Which is one U.S. gallon We're paying five dollars And seventy two cents Per gallon Per U.S. gallon So converted to U.S. dollars We're paying five dollars and seventy two cents Per gallon U.S. gallon Here Sixty miles that way Is a loves travel center And then there's a flying J About a hundred miles down in Grand Forks They're paying four dollars And five cents per U.S. gallon Why is it so much more expensive here Like it is always more expensive in Canada Than it is in the U.S. That's always just a given But why is it right now Such a huge gap Like That's a dollar sixty seven U.S. Per U.S. gallon Difference Here What Just to go to Fargo and back Costs me a hundred dollars more each way So it's two hundred dollars more of my money Canadian money Than it would be fueling in the States I just don't like fueling down there In this season because it gets so cold And the biodiesel that they use down there Is a different mixture than the clear diesel We use up here It's not as good for cold temperatures And it gels up easier Even their winter diesel number one So I like to fuel up up here Is it that much more expensive Because of the winter mixture we have up here Is that the only reason or what's going on here We're usually pretty close Within like You know ten to twenty cents per liter The U.S. what they're paying Sixty miles that way A dollar forty five Canadian per liter For diesel fuel A dollar forty five With all the conversions and everything done We're paying two dollars and six cents here Two dollars and five cents whatever I said before Two dollars and six cents Why? Sixty cent per liter difference I need answers Who's got the answers for that one That's a ridiculous gap Sixty miles apart An imaginary line between us Let's be real it's a real line But you can't see it right You get it What? They're gonna make us pay for the good stuff Dollar forty five a liter Over there That's still too expensive Just to let you know It should be more around about a dollar To eighty cents to a dollar And then I'll start getting happy It should be closer you know to fifty cents But you know maybe I'm just getting old I remember the good old days when You know I was like fifty cents a liter for diesel Two dollars and five cents I've never seen the gap that big between the two countries Wow Summertime I guarantee you I will be fueling In the United States absolutely every chance I get And I'm not done complaining and ranting yet The rent is going on further We're gonna find out what my average fuel amount is Okay I'm gonna speak in Canadian here Just because it's what I'm more familiar with So let's say five hundred liters Okay let's pick our nice even number Even more than that Five hundred and fifty liters Okay that would be about a regular fill up for me Now to fill my truck up with five hundred and fifty liters Which is three hundred and forty two US gallons Okay so five hundred and fifty liters Times sixty cents cost me an extra three hundred and thirty dollars On a regular average fuel up to fuel up up here An extra three hundred and thirty dollars every time And that's about every day if I'm running hard That's a tough pill to swallow And I'm just finding this out now Just right now with you That can't be That can't be There's gotta be something wrong in my calculations Three hundred and thirty dollars more every time I fuel up From in from about a quarter tank I mean you would think that I'm putting straight liquid gold into my tanks For that price right I'm gonna be thinking and pondering on this Doing some serious recalibrations in here These prices have gotta come down in Canada They've gotta come down Gasoline has started to come down Hello what about diesel fuel Okay I'm done complaining for now And rant is complete Let's go home Old blue you did good You did good And I'm home now for the holidays And I'm very excited about that I got a marker light down here replaced just now This one was the wires had ripped off of it So it's working again But it's good to be home This is the hub that fell off that I showed you this before I already got a new one on the passenger side I'm gonna replace that this weekend as well I got it right here Right there I'm gonna replace both of them Cause that fell off and this one has dents in it And that's unacceptable That's been there for since I bought the truck Hope you have a merry Christmas Merry Christmas old blue Behind that door is my welcome home Are you guys ready Chevy chevy that's enough Chevy calm down Yes I missed you too buddy I missed you too Diesel come here Diesel come show me your rope This is my world with yo yo diesel come here Hey diesel come here show me your room What's this? What's this? Oh my goodness, what is this? You have this big rope? You think it's yours? You think it's yours? What if it's mine? What if it's mine? It's so angry! So passionate! So passionate!


With the worldwide coronavirus outbreak and the cancellation of any and all cycling events in the foreseeable future, should we be adjusting our training and is it even a good idea to be training right now or will that put our immune systems at risk? We're going to jump into the science on how training affects your immune system and I'll talk about how to adjust your training accordingly given this year's shifted cycling schedule. This is one of those cases where actually taking a look at the science completely shattered my preconceived notions on this topic, so you won't want to miss this. Welcome back to another video. My name is Dylan and for weekly science-based coaching videos just like this one be sure to subscribe. The outbreak of COVID-19 is having a huge impact on our daily lives as I'm sure you already know. Dude, tell me about it. I can't even talk other bike racers on Facebook anymore because every single post is about coronavirus and from reading those posts I can't tell if we're all going to die or if we all just need to calm down. For some cyclists riding a bike right now is understandably the least of their concerns, but for many of us riding is a part of our day-to-day life and it can be difficult to know how to adjust your training or whether or not we should be training at all right now. This is what we'll be discussing today. Let's first get into the science on how hard training affects your immune system. It's a pretty widely held belief amongst athletes that a hard workout or a race compromises your immune system and many athletes report getting sick after racing. Interestingly enough though there's a lot of research out there that contradicts this belief. For example, this study on exercise and immunity to the influenza vaccine in older individuals categorized subjects into one of three groups active, moderately active or sedentary and then tested them two weeks after influenza immunization. The results showed that physically active participants had the best immune response and concluded that the practice of regular vigorous exercise was associated with enhanced immune response following influenza vaccination and this isn't the only study coming to this conclusion. This study also found that exercise enhanced immune health in older subjects following the flu vaccine. These results have been found in animal studies as well. For example, this study looked at the survival rates of active versus inactive mice after being infected with salmonella. They found that active mice had a better survival rate than the sedentary mice at 34 out of 77 versus 23 out of 79. Old people in mice? Is that the best you got?  Of course, celebrating my mid-pack Zwift race finish at the bar every night probably doesn't help. I had this same skepticism when reading these studies. Of course, living an active lifestyle is good for your immune system but what about putting your body under a considerable amount of stress like we do when we race or do a hard workout? Surely that can't be good for your immune system, right? This study on infectious episodes in runners before and after a race compared the incidence of infectious episodes in 273 runners during the training period before and after a 5k, 10k, or half marathon race. What they found was that 34% of the runners who had trained less than 15 hours per week had at least one infectious episode compared to only 25% for runners who trained more than 15 hours per week.  On top of this, during the week following the road race, runners did not report an increase in infectious episodes as compared to the week prior to the race. They concluded that runners with a more serious commitment to regular exercise may experience less infectious episodes than recreational runners because of both direct and indirect effects on immunosurveillance. In addition, the stressful race experience does not appear to increase risk of acquiring an acute respiratory infection. And again, it's not just one study coming to this conclusion. This study reported better immune function in marathon runners over sedentary controls. And both these studies on large groups of ultramarathon runners reported that these athletes report fewer misdays of work or school due to injury or illness. Although on a side note, they do appear to have more stress fractures involving the foot, which is absolutely shocking news to hear from a group of people that run 161 kilometers for fun. In all seriousness, if any athletes are severely stressing their body through exercise, it's ultramarathon runners. And it appears that they're as healthy if not healthier than the general population. Why is this? Most athletes will tell you that training compromises their immune system. However, when you look at the science, this doesn't appear to be the case. If anything, exercise is immune boosting. In this 2018 review on debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression, they deconstructed the open-window hypothesis that states that a short window of time after exercise, your immune system is compromised. As it turns out, limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections and the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function one to two hours after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation as opposed to immune suppression. Basically, it's a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive. Instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan. To be fair, there is research out there that supports immune suppression with exercise, but these studies are few and far between. The balance of evidence shows that exercise is beneficial to your immune health even when that exercise is long in duration or high in intensity. Getting sick after a race could be caused by a number of factors, like stress, travel, lack of sleep, or simply being exposed to more people. So in short, should you stop riding your bike so you don't suppress your immune system during the coronavirus? No, not at all. If anything, you should continue riding your bike to improve immunity, especially in this time of high stress. This study on physical activity, stress and self-reported upper respiratory infection, found that highly stressed people, particularly men, appear to benefit more from physical activity than those with lower stress levels. Now, some countries like Italy and Spain are currently not allowing cycling outdoors, not because they're worried that cyclists will catch the coronavirus while riding, but because they want to minimize the number of hospital visits from people in cycling-related accidents. This is also the idea behind the flat and the curved slogan that you've been hearing. If we all practice social distancing, then coronavirus won't spread as fast and we won't overwhelm our healthcare system. This is super important right now and is the reason for races being canceled and also why you should probably stay away from big group rides or ride indoors, but it's also a good reason to be especially careful if you do decide to ride outside. The last thing that you want now is a trip to the hospital, both for yourself and for the people suffering from the virus who require hospitalization and need treatment. Wait, so you're saying I shouldn't attempt the double black diamond drop on Farlow for the first time on my hashtag solo quarantine ride? With all that being said, the race season or for those of you who don't race, the group ride slash let me show my riding buddies how much faster I am than them season is canceled for the foreseeable future. Many of you have been training all winter in preparation for this and now you've got no but to kick. What do you do now? Do you keep training full steam, adding intensity to your training program as if racing is right around the corner, or do you hold off and revert back to base training mode or even off season mode for that matter? Here are my suggestions. Maintaining intensity for too long will lead to a fitness plateau. This is why we generally do it in the months preceding the race season. Given that there won't be any racing for some time now, I would hold off on making intensity the focus of your training. Many of the races that were scheduled for the next couple months, if they weren't just outright canceled, are now rescheduled for the late summer or fall. If the race season even ends up happening, those races will of course run on top of the races that are already scheduled for that time of year, meaning that'll be a very busy time for racing. If you are planning on racing this year, that's your new season and when you want to peak. That effectively means that right now is the base season. Some of you have already been racking up big miles over the winter for months though. Should you just continue doing that or perhaps do something else? Here are the two approaches that I'm taking with the athletes that I coach. If you've been training hard all winter, revert back to off season mode. Why should you do this? Because pushing yourself for months with no break will likely lead to a plateau or burnout, and by the time you get to September, you'll be struggling. There's a couple reasons for this. One explanation could be changes in blood values. This study looking at blood parameters of top level cyclists over the course of a year found that hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration decreased throughout the season and then returned to baseline level in the off season.  There's also exercise induced changes in hormone levels. For example, this study on hormone responses of pro cyclists during competition looked at nine riders from two teams during the Vuelta. Blood samples from these riders were taken before the race and then after week one, two, and three. What they found was that starting testosterone levels were lower in the team that had more racing days in the previous month, and testosterone further decreased in both teams each week throughout the race. Now of course, this is over a three week grand tour and most of us don't train that hard. However, similar results have been found for other forms of exercise as well. This study on the effect of detraining on power athletes found that after 14 days of detraining, levels of growth hormone and testosterone significantly increased while cortisol and creatine kinase levels decreased. The message here is that if you've been training hard, take a little break, perhaps do some cross training, focus on strength, but whatever you do reduce your training load. At this point you've got months before you can race and if you keep it up at this rate the new adjusted race schedule will likely not go well for you.  A lot of us are working from home right now. Hopefully that means you have more time to train. Either way I'd focus on getting in a large volume of zone two work, either alone or at least six feet from another rider or on the trainer. Great time to work on that mental fortitude. Thanks for watching. Everybody stay safe and stay healthy out there. I'll try to see if I can put out videos more frequently for you guys to watch while you socially isolate yourselves. If you like this video be sure to give it a like, subscribe, and share it with your cycling friends. I'll see you in the next one.


I was very excited when I pulled that first card out, and it was a low card as well, and of course it was hard to see as a magician.  And then it's like a low card, too, and you've got it right. So I was very excited for you at that moment. I was not allowed to do it this time, because things are going to happen at the right time, at all of us. Also, as I said, I know that every one of you can sell your packets. The agreement, item number six, I do not believe that taking my challenge test in front of a large audience will influence my claimability in a negative way. Question, Braylin from the JReth. Was this the most visible or largest-scale live audience watching? And if so, were there any other ways in which this test was exceptional? I suspect that it probably was the most widely viewed, other than live audience for the auditorium, but on the internet at the same time, I'm told. How many did you have, 1,700 or something? Approximately 6,700 in the room with us, amazing, the client. You guys amazed me. Yes, I've had a recent client. And 1,700 people watching live on the internet to take, you know, if it comes and goes. And a lot of them are from Sweden. Actually, at one point I had to moderate the chat room because people were talking in Swedish. I'm sorry. So my answer is, I would just say, Jeff, I think this is probably the most widely live viewing test that we've had. Absolutely. This was the most visible, most widely promoted and most viewed test we have ever done. I just have one question in summation. What I hear you saying is that this experience is a stepping stone to something greater. And you're either ready for it or you're not. And there is some reason why you're here that may not have anything to do with playing cards. It is true. I just wanted to get that. I can ask a question. Knowing the test protocol beforehand, did you practice at all? I don't have time. We get this much over time. We always ask them specifically, please try a double blind test under the conditions that we've underlined, and please do test yourself independently. And every case, in every case without fail, it will say, no, I don't need to do that because I know what's going to work. So I'm just putting that out. I'm going to put it in the packet. Manny has worked with people before where she's guessed cards that were face down. Numbers, I think. A question for the Jira. Was there any concern with something this large scale about exploiting and test this large scale? Was there any concern in exploiting mentally ill or any concerns along those lines at all? Well, Michael, we try very hard, and we certainly get, in this case, a card to sort out any such cases because there are people out there who are emotionally unstable in many ways and who make the most incredible claims, much more incredible than the claim that Kami had made. And we effectively have to get rid of them because we don't want to exploit people who are touched in the head if we can use the common expression. Yes, we go through a lot of pain to make sure that that doesn't happen. We have to be fair to folks. And I think that Kami will agree that we have been perfectly fair and above board with her. The evidence is still in the envelope. It can be examined by anybody. I think that I have to give a personal thanks to my good friend, Vanachej here, who did an absolutely superb job of doing this correctly, succinctly, and the way the book calls for it. It was a definitive test. DJ, did you still have a question? Yeah, I guess the question I was going to ask is a little similar to the last question. For the JGREF, for the members of the Foundation on the Proclaim Panel, what sort of quality control, if there is various levels of quality among claimants, do you go through and how do you select among the claimants that you test? I think all of us can agree that Kami is sincere and she's not trying to pull one over on anybody. Vanachej here and his earnest, how do you know that she's the best we have to test if we're going to be doing such a public test? For one thing, two of the new additions to the protocol are that you have to have a medium presence. That is, if somebody has paid some attention to you before that you're not just somebody living in an attic who decides to send us a letter, walk them under a bell or something, the second thing is that we have to have an academic reference, which Kami provided to us, saying that she had done the test which was relatively successful and certainly promised that it seemed to produce indications that it would be successful in a formal test. So that is part of the filtration, but it makes you that it is difficult to do and we don't want to offend anybody, we don't want to leave anybody else who has a legitimate claim they really believe they can fulfill. So it is a difficult procedure, I agree with you there. I just want to make sure that the perception isn't that we're choosing anyone, everyone who goes through the application process gets tested. So we don't have, oh let's test this one, every single person who goes through the application process gets tested. In fact they have a testable claim. Well they won't get through the process if they don't. But Kami was the only one that you had available to you for such a public display this weekend? We have several people, several clients that are going through the process right now. She happened to be the next one. We can't let people go out of order and be tested out of order because if one of them actually does pass the preliminary, then that's not fair to all the people who have been waiting. So she was the next day one. Question to Phil Plait, Phil is the year now since you've been the president? Almost, yes. You must be, I would try to be quite satisfied with the way things are going. What is your opinion of the continuation, or the possible continuation of the million dollar challenge? Well I'm thrilled. That's not just possible, it is continued. Yes. In what state it will continue we're still working on it. That's what I mean. The million dollar challenge I think is a fascinating tool to test claimants and to see how this works, to give the public a chance to see how this works. This is a beautiful example of that because now we have an audience and we have an online audience. And it's not a, well it is in fact a scientific process, there is a claim that is made. We work out a testing protocol for it, there are statistics involved. She had to pick three cards, there's a one in ten chance each time, they're independent each time. So in fact to get all three right there is a one in one thousand chance. Now if we were to run this test a thousand times there would be a much higher chance of somebody winning. But in each individual test it's one in a thousand. So if someone, and that is my pure chance only, so if someone has an ability then we should see a different amount of people being able to pass this test. So I like this idea as a scientist because it is scientifically testing an unusual claim. And I like the idea that we're going to continue it because I think it's an excellent tool for this. It shows the public how this all works, it shows the public how skeptics analyze evidence and however we change the challenge in the future, I think that's still going to be at the core of it. It's just going to be more administrative change when we do it to make it more streamlined and more efficient so that people can apply more easily and they can be tested more easily. Would you be happy in a year's time to offer Connie another chance? That's a protocol question, we'll go to Jennifer Allison how that works. Yes, she can be tested if she reapplies if it's qualifications that are in place at that time. Yes, Naomi Baker of Houston Sceptics, a question from the chap is very related to what Richard just asked because do you feel that there's some future time that you would reapply for a similar or slightly changed test when you feel that it was time for your powers to be revealed as you said earlier? Does that make sense? Do you think there's some future times? You mentioned that this was not the correct time to be shown. Yes, too. Are you able to tell when that might be the right time? No, because I can't say the time or reason for things. Thank you.  I don't think so. I don't know. I just wondered has anyone ever gotten past the protocol? Passed the preliminary testing? No one has ever passed the preliminary test in the history of the challenge.


My work here on YouTube is supported by viewers. Please take a look at the link in the description below and visit my page at 50th Street where you can become a sponsor. I'd announced recently that I was going to stop doing these individual book review videos, but in my last live stream I forgot to talk about Planet of the Apes. I listened to the audiobook on a long driving trip last month and it deserves its own review. So here it is. Being a child of the 1960s and 70s when I hear the title Planet of the Apes, of course the first thing I think of is the 1968 Charlton Heston movie, which is a tremendous film and you should see it if you have not. The script by Rod Serling does a brilliant job of simplifying and modernizing the story while preserving the socio-political commentary and the surprises. While at the same time making the whole story arc make more sense in a more modern science fiction setting and I say modernize even though the original novel was published by Pierre Boulet in 1963 only five years before the film because, and here's the thing about the book, it's written in a 19th century travelogue journal style like you would expect from Jules Verne or H.G. Wells and it's done deliberately. The book starts in the distant future thousands of years in the future when a married couple are traveling interstellar space with their solar sailing ship. Like a wealthy couple today might travel the world in their private yacht. They come across a literal message in a bottle. It's a rolled up paper manuscript in a bottle floating in deep space. They open it and they begin to read a handwritten account by a journalist who had been invited by an eccentric scientist to accompany him and his young assistant on the first trip to another star in this little ship with a star drive that he had designed and built himself. See it's a 19th century travelogue journal. It's exactly that and the story plays out more like Gulliver's Travels. It is socio-political commentary and it's a great book. I had read it maybe 20 years ago. It had been a long time I needed to reread it and I so I listened to the audiobook. I had forgotten a lot of details. It was better than I remembered and I remembered it being very good. So this is a modern classic that is excellent and if you're only familiar with the movies you're missing a lot so you should read it. Thank you for watching. Please subscribe to my channel here on YouTube and please be sure to press that thumbs up button. That's how videos get recommended and seen and please take a look at the link in the description below and go to my 50th street page where you can become a sponsor.


The National Basketball Association is enjoying a period of great growth. There's even been talk of international expansion in the near future. But when the league started, it consisted of a lot of franchises in small cities. Mark Cuncannon reports on the NBA's Wisconsin roots. Pro basketball in the 1990s, the big stars playing for the big bucks in the big towns. But it wasn't always that way. In fact, 40 years ago, the NBA had a franchise right here in Sheboygan. The Sheboygan Redskins played one season in the NBA, the 1949-50 campaign. They played at the Sheboygan Armory, which still stands today. The original floored bleachers are still there. And if you listen closely, you can hear the echoes from a bygone era. What was that happening? Dwight Palkin was sports editor for the Sheboygan Press. He covered the Redskins. He just had a feeling of pride that, hey, now we're playing with the big boys. Sheboygan played in the old National Basketball League from 1939 to 48 before joining the NBA in 49. Former Badger star Bobby Cook was the Redskins' highest-paid player. He made $5,800 a year. Cook, who now lives in Lake Geneva, remembers some wild games at the Old Armory and how Sheboygan fans idolized their Redskins. They would have us over as a team and they'd fry brats and maybe once a month. They treated the Redskins like a million dollars. You could buy a Redskins ticket for a dollar, two bucks for courtside, and there was a dance after every home game. When the team hit the road, they drove two DeSoto's, the official cars of the Redskins, which logged many miles. I remember getting in those cars, playing in Syracuse, and the next night we're playing in Anderson, Indiana, and we have to drive from Syracuse all the way to Anderson, Indiana, which was 800 miles and play the next night. So it was tough playing, but the guys didn't seem to mind it. The Redskins had some shining moments like when Cook scored an NBA record 44 points against Denver, but Sheboygan won just 22 games and lost 40, and with the Armory's capacity at only 4,000, Sheboygan couldn't compete financially with the New York's, Boston's, and Chicago's, whose arenas could hold three or four times that many people. So the NBA said goodbye to Sheboygan after just one season, and the townspeople were bitter. I don't think the New Yorkers liked the idea that the little town in Sheboygan could come to Madison Square Garden and give them a run for their money and beat them once in a while. The Redskins played one more year in the NBL in 1951 and then disbanded, but the skins will always be part of this basketball town's proud tradition. It was a once in a lifetime, and I think the people who were part of it then just will never forget it. The Redskins were unique all right. Community-owned, they played in a National Guard Armory, and if you had 40 cents to $2, you could get in. This actually covered players' contracts. Everybody got 50 bucks a week. There were no bonuses, but there was an enthusiastic crowd. The crowds were just intense. It had a contagious feeling that when you were part of it, that you weren't just a spectator, you were part of the Sheboygan Redskins' crowd. And oh, the cheers. The Redskins brought home three division titles and NBA scoring record 44 points in one whole game. And in the playoffs of 1943, they beat Fort Wayne. To be champions of the world, of course, was quite a thing for Sheboygan, and we had this feeling here in Sheboygan that we were the best in the world. The team may have been too good for its gym shorts after beating the big city guys too many times. They were asked to fold in 1950 by the league, leaving only the memories. Sometimes the good old days is a misnomer, but in this case, I think the good old days is true. For the 1949-50 season, the Sheboygan Redskins were in the NBA. Nowadays, they say Redskins and people would wonder, Redskins, who, what? But then... In 1949, the Redskins and the National League merged with the Basketball Association of America to make up the NBA. The Redskins played to packed houses at the Sheboygan Armory against teams from the big cities like the Knicks, Celtics and Lakers. Ken Seasons was the coach of the Redskins. It's a big problem they had is they came into Milwaukee and then they would take a bus up here and then go back to Milwaukee and fly back home after the game. And of course, you know the weather around here in December, January and February, so that was the problem. Despite a 22-40 record, the Redskins made the 1950 NBA playoffs. They lost in the first round to Indianapolis. Dwight Belkin covered the Redskins for the Sheboygan press. It was a ball. It wasn't like it is today.  You know, you've got your chart for the assists and the type of rebounds, the offense, the defense. Back in those days, we didn't worry about stats that much. We marked down the buckets and the rebounds. The thing is that the ball players are playing for the love of it and for the little money that they got. Prestige and they weren't in it for the bucks. But after only one season in the NBA, the Redskins were kicked out by a league looking for bigger cities and more money. Naturally, we wanted to continue playing in the league, but it wasn't hard to understand why they wanted to leave the small city out. We were seating 3,500 people and at that time there was no revenue from television. How about bitter? We all felt that we were picked on by the big cities. I don't think they liked the idea of our occasionally knocking off New York. The Redskins went back to the National Professional Basketball League for the 1950-51 season before folding. But those involved with the Redskins in Sheboygan still follow the NBA of today. Of course, it's terrific. These fellas are airborne all the time. One of the rules then was you couldn't dunk the ball in our time, but now with the dunk coming in too and the extra step going to the basket, it's fantastic. These are great athletes. There's no question about it. Northeast Wisconsin is known for more than just football. We'll take a look at our rich basketball tradition. That's coming up next in our in-depth reports. Some of the best players in professional basketball competed right here in Northeast Wisconsin. Sheboygan and Oshkosh both featured National Basketball League teams. And as Derek Benkis tells us, in 1949, the Sheboygan Redskins spent one memorable season in the NBA. Sheboygan press writer Dwight Pelkin hits the typewriter keys. While Bob Cook hits three pointers in a small gym in Lake Geneva, the link between the two of them is a Sheboygan pro basketball team from 50 years ago. My first contract with the Redskins was for the new automobile in $4,000 a year. On those days, of course, it was the big thing. You know, the NBA was the equivalent of the NBA now. The Sheboygan Redskins became part of the NBA when their National Basketball League merged with the Basketball Association of America. The result was the NBA. Cook's fans in Northeast Wisconsin knew they had something very special. They knew that these were the best basketball players around because they were former All-Americans and so on. They did know that we didn't realize it would become anything like what it's become. While other teams in the NBA were playing at stadiums like the Madison Square Garden and the Boston Garden, the Redskins were playing right here at the Sheboygan Municipal Auditorium and Armory. This gym held only about 3,000 fans, but they were some of the best fans in the entire NBA. Everybody knew you in Sheboygan. You know, if you had a bad game way, they never thought it was their fault. But it was really nice to play in Sheboygan. Not only were the Sheboygan fans special, but the entire league was different from the NBA we know today. The Redskins traveled the games into solo station wagons and a camaraderie existed among the players. The guys and the coaches would go to a tavern afterwards, have some beers together and slap each other on the back of it. Oh, you really stuck it to me. I'll get you next time. Sheboygan had a record of 22 and 40 and lost in the first round of the playoffs. That would be their only season in the NBA. The league changed management and they had New York people come in and they wanted to get rid of the small towns. These guys were heroes. They were heroes. Heroes in a time and a town that bring back fond memories for Bob Cook and for Dwight Pelkin. The NBA is long gone from Sheboygan, but those memories will last forever. Now, after leaving the NBA, the Sheboygan Redskins would move to the National Professional Basketball League for one more year. The franchise later folded after the 1951 season.