Good afternoon. Thanks for being here. As you know, I vetoed the budget this weekend because of racist costs on everyday Vermonters relies on a new payroll tax increases DMV fees by 20% and grows base spending at more than twice the rate of inflation which isn't sustainable. I think it's why I've been elected and re-elected to provide balance common sense and fiscal responsibility. So I will follow through on that promise. As I make made clear in my veto message, we continue to face an affordability crisis. I hear it from Vermonters every single day. It's one reason I ran for governor in the first place, whether it's young Vermonters just starting out seniors on fixed incomes who lived here their whole lives or working families trying to get by were simply too expensive for far too many people. And with high inflation, the last thing we should be doing is adding to the affordability problem by imposing new and higher taxes, fees and penalties. That's especially true when we have record surpluses. But unfortunately, that's what this does. And here's the important part. It doesn't have to be this way because we have enough money from organic revenue growth to make significant progress on the initiatives we agree on without adding to Vermonters costs. My budget proved that it leveraged a historic 390 million surplus revenue to fund many of these shared priorities like childcare, voluntary paid family medical leave, housing, climate change mitigation and more. Again, all without raising taxes and fees. Now I understand how this process works and also know I won't get everything I want. That's why I've offered alternative pass along the way because this is supposed to be a two way street. I think it's also important to remember the legislature has also vetoed their fair share of my ideas by not taking them up. For example, the legislature had no interest in tax relief for senior citizens on fixed incomes, expanding the earn income tax credit, which helps low income working families. We're joining the vast majority of states by fully exempting military retirement pay from the state income tax, which I heard a lot about over the weekend and a lot of the different events. And they cut my funding request for VHIP by 33%, which has been incredibly successful for those experiencing homelessness, which makes no sense at all to cut. They also reduced my proposal for missing middle housing tuition breaks for community college members and more. Again, those are just a handful of many examples of the legislature basically vetoing my proposals. Now, with the but with this budget, I know there's been a lot of attention around the GA program. To be clear, this is not an area of disagreement between me, legislative leaders and the majority of the legislature. So instead of the conversation being about getting 100 votes to override my veto, we should focus on how we can come to an agreement on the budget to get a signature, because I think that's what most Vermonters expect of us. So with that, I'll turn it over to questions. Has to go to a currency is called on you to declare a state of emergency in advance of motel and hotel exits. She said the budget upon passage would have released funds, including 12.5 million dollars in hot funds that would have been available to your administration to ease a transition. You're responsible for the declaration and the extent to which lack of those funds in the interim is going to hamstring your efforts. Yeah, we'll take them separately. First of all, the state of emergency is something that we use during the pandemic. Obviously, it's almost like a last resort. It's not something that I want to overuse. But it's always been on the table. It's always been something that we've considered using. And we'll consider using it if the if the situation avails to it. But but at this point in time, I think we need to get through June 1 get in the middle of the month and see where we're at at that point. But it is on the table. It's one of the tools in the toolbox that we could use that would give broad authority to myself in doing all kinds of things to help with the housing crisis that we face. And we certainly have heard a lot over the last few years from leaders myself included have talked about the housing crisis here in Vermont. We tried to hit that head on record number of amount of money being spent for housing. But we need it faster. And then we're implementing it. So that's the that's the situation in terms of the homeless situations. We just don't have enough housing stock. So that's on the table in terms of the money that's in the budget, the ARPA money. And it really is about a pass through that they would just give authority to use the ARPA money. We believe there's another way forward to expedite that and put that into play. So I disagree in some respects that it isn't at our disposal. But that's a conversation we can have to clarify what would you need to see in order to implement the state of emergency to be able to expedite those those funds. What would you will know when we see it? Because we don't actually know exactly what's going to happen on June one. I've been very clear about that honest about that. We think we're taking steps to prevent this from growing to a situation where we'd have to impose the state of emergency because again, that's a big deal. The state of emergency is just that. And you can use extraordinary means to solve that problem. And as you remember from the pandemic, it went on from my perspective probably too long. But we were searching for ways to end it. Because I think that's an authority that should be used just in terms of emergency situations. So we'll we'll know when we see it. But it's there at our disposal whenever needed. And what specifically what a state of emergency allow you to stand up in the way of assets to address? What you know when you see? Well, again, I think it's this all stem is from a housing crisis. So it would get broad authority to do all kinds of different that the power is almost limitless. You can utilize assets that you have. It also can free up money that might be in different areas, different buckets that you could it's fungible. So you can move that money around. But I would be seeking to solve the housing crisis that would and also help with the homelessness issue. I know one of the authorities you can be granted under a state of emergency is the ability to commandeer for lack of a better word assets that are privately owned for government use. Is that a scenario that you're again, it's it's it's part of the whole package is regulatory reform. There's different funding that may have been committed to other other areas that we commandeer in some respects to do whatever we can to solve the housing crisis. Governor, as part of these ongoing budget negotiations, right now, among the Democratic caucus, there's this group of 17 that's pushing for more of an off ramp or more funding. They're going to be putting up their proposal forward. But there there is a real possibility, though, that this budget which you vetoed could come back larger could be bigger during the veto session. How do you square that and what what would you like to see to get your your signature? Well, again, you know, I would counter that I could probably get 18 Republicans, if we had a common sense proposal that we could compromise that I could get their votes to get it across the finish line. So it's not all about the 17 that that are unwilling to to move forward without or maybe even sustain my veto in order to get what they want. But you know, I have to be realistic. And I think we all have to be. I've seen this play out in other scenarios.  And the party would probably take precedent over their principles. You've talked about having consternation yourself about what the next few weeks is going to bring as it relates to the exit of 760 households from motels and hotels. I'm wondering to what extent should the general public take that as an indictment of the planning that has been underway that got us to this point? Well, we we have been working at this since October to survey those in the program to find alternatives. And we found alternatives for some will continue to work on that path. We don't want anyone to suffer. We want we want to provide long term housing for them. So we'll continue to do what we've been doing. And hopefully, we will be able to prevail and make this as seamless as possible. And what has prevented you from arriving at this moment now, communicating to everybody, we've got this under control. This is in hand. We are going to have a safe orderly transition and everybody is going to be taken care of. Yeah, well, again, you know, we put these proposals forth since the very beginning. And they've been extended numerous times by both the federal government and by the state government, the legislature and others. So it's hard to to move forward and and provide the certainty until we know what the date is. So that's been in flux a bit over the last year or two years. In some respects, the federal government extended a couple of times as did the legislature. So again, we are doing the best we can. We think this is going to be seamless as possible. But I don't think people should be surprised to see that there are some who choose to maybe set up a tent somewhere in other using other alternatives. So throughout the session, you've been very clear on not wanting to raise fees or taxes, where, for example, childcare, for example, the DMV fees where Democrats do not have as much of an issue doing that saying it's more of a long term investment. But both sides so dug in on one not wanting to raise fees and taxes, the other not having a problem with doing that. I guess where does this middle ground come from besides just seemingly arm budging at this point when it comes to that? Well, I'm providing the middle ground, I guess. And if I had had played hardball from the beginning, maybe and then more politically astute and maybe more politically driven, I would have come up with a different proposal for the budget. So that we come to the middle where we were where we actually presented the middle in our budget proposal. So I wanted to, again, I've tried to be straight with Vermonters, giving them the best path forward that I can that I can see. And we put a budget that was sustainable, that invested in areas that we all agreed upon. And maybe that was, I wouldn't say it was naive, but but I knew it is getting myself into but I thought it was important to meet them where they were and to provide a path forward. And they exceeded that much more generous and generous with the taxpayers pocketbooks as well. And and got us to where we are today. But it's not sustainable from my perspective. I have talked about the economic storm clouds that are on the horizon. I still believe that they're coming. And and I don't believe that this budget will get us through. We won't be able to weather that economic storm when it comes with a budget that they've they propose. So they have the numbers, they have the power. They know it. And we'll see where we where we where we go when we get to the veto session. But I'm sure I'm sure they have the numbers to to override the veto. You mentioned those economic storm clouds that you've been talking about for months now. But just in a in a world where you I'm sure you wouldn't like to see where your veto is overridden with this budget as constituted. You mentioned, you know, just short term implications, people can afford these taxes and fees right now. But just 1020 years down the road with this precedent of this kind of spending, what do you think Vermont is going to look like in terms of housing in terms of jobs? Yeah, I think they'll they'll be more of the haves and have nots. You know, there'll be more of a divide between we knows that have the resources who it doesn't matter how much they pay, they have they have the money. And then they'll have those who are going to be reliant on the government to get them through. So there'll be that divide will will see the middle middle income for monitors will become fewer and fewer. And that's what we're seeing. You mentioned the votes to override, but the budget didn't pass the House by a veto proof majority. Are you concerned that we could be headed toward a situation where they don't have the votes by the time of fiscal year turns over? Yeah, I think I said it before you came in. But there are 17 votes at this point in time. And they they voted no on the budget in terms of principle. But I I truly believe they'll come home to the party when push comes to shove and party will come before principle. You talked last week about extending the exit date for the second slug of households on July 1. Not really extension. Just restarting the GA program itself. Is that what you're talking about? Well, so I was going to maybe I was misunderstood that there are 1000 or so households that are set to be exited from the motel hotel rooms on July 1. Is that still all 1000 of them are still going? Yes, but they will have their disposal 28 days of the original GA program that they'll be able to utilize 28 days worth. The entirety of that population will have those 28 days. Anybody who qualifies might want to have Secretary Samuelson describe that better than I can. So what we're doing is we're restarting the general assistance program on July 1. So for those who qualify, including those who have a disability and have SSI or SSDI, those who are pregnant in their third trimester, those who are 65 and older and children and families with children will will be restarting and eligible for their benefit. So it's 20 it's 28 days. That means that there are some individuals who will not be eligible at that point and will exit on July 1, who would not normally be eligible for the GA program. If I'm in the second month of my third trimester, and I take my 28 days on July 1, does that mean I would not have any housing for the third month of my third trimester? We get back to you on that one and how and how they work with that. The governor said that you all are looking at ways to draw down money that was not specifically earmarked in the budget. What's can you talk with any more specificity? Yeah, I don't think that would be under their their department, but but remember, this is federal money, startup of money. And we believe there's a path forward and I wouldn't want to get ahead of myself. I'd want to talk with the leadership in the legislature about that path forward. And that would be in response to what you're seeing on the ground in the coming days. Yes. Governor on a separate note, one of the bills you vetoed this morning, S 39, I think it is lawmaker pay. When you were reading over that bill, we've known this conversation has been coming. You've talked about it before. What was going through your mind as you were reading that that bill? Well, it's it's something that I felt since they started this conversation in the legislature. I if if we're really trying to get more people to run for the legislature, I think it's a time commitment. And I've felt this way for the last 20 years. In fact, Senator Mazin myself testified on this very issue when I was in the Senate, the government ops and offered that the solution that I've offered today, a contract amount for a set amount of time, 90 days, everyone I speak to about running for office is always asking not about the pay. It's not about the health benefits that they passed. It's about how much time. What do I tell my employer? How long is it going to be? How long is the session? They don't understand all of that. And when I say that it's open ended. And they say, Well, how long can it take? You know, I said, Well, until the budget passes. And and in my experience, I've been in there since into the mid June. So it's hard for some to commit to that, because their families because their their their work, their employer, they need to be able to tell them how long they're going to be there. And can they make this work? With a 90 day session? They could, I think a lot more candidates would step up, because they would know when that end date is, and there'd be a contract amount and they could they could increase their pay that way. I mean, you talk not infrequently about the legislative branch over stepping in terms of telling you how to do your job, right? Separate equal branches. I mean, just really make sense with the executive to be telling the legislature how to how it ought to be running its business. Well, I think we all have an obligation if we really want more balance in the state, which I think I would like to see more balance. Maybe they don't. When you're in power, maybe that's not your that's not your mission. But my mission is to provide more alternatives, more different perspectives. And having more people at the table running for office, I think it's healthy for democracy. And this approach that they're taking, I think has ramifications far beyond the candidates who are running. But this is setting themselves up for longer sessions. Probably I think there are some who feel that we're we're destined for a year round session, a full time legislature, which Vermont does not need. So I would like to do all I can to prevent that from happening. Am I hearing you reading through the lines that you think that that bill would lead to less diversity in the legislature? Well, I think you'd have I mean, people stay a long time. I think this would just allow them to stay longer. I do believe that we need more diversity, more balance, different perspectives. I think that's what what really makes a successful legislative session. When you don't have one one party in power, completely a super majority, I don't think gives you the best results. So yeah, I'd like to see more people stepping up to run. So so Billy did sign I believe it was yesterday s 138 having to deal with school safety, whether it's making mandatory walking exterior doors, options based response drills, I guess what are some parts of that bill that I don't know if excited use the right word but make you I guess be more confident that people or students will be safer at school and parents can kind of trust the school systems more saying their kids everyday. Well, it certainly was a step in the right direction. Many of the events we've seen over the last few years led us to this legislation working with the legislature. This is an example of success in the legislature. When we work together, we worked, we had our whole team working on this from the very start, and had legislators from both parties working on this to try and have a common mission of protecting our kids. And I think that the the result was just that and I and I do believe this will him will continue to make tweaks along the way as we see necessary to make it even safer. But but I think this goes a long ways towards that. Do you think there's sufficient resources in schools to carry out all these measures? I think we spend a lot for education. So I think there are resources available in terms of educators and teachers just sheer numbers. Do you think they'll be able to carry out everything? Well, again, we're we are facing labor workforce shortage as well. It's in every single sector. Teachers are included in that along with law enforcement in every other sector across the board. So it will be challenging. There's a lot on the agenda for the session, good return of veto override votes as well as some things that just are spilling over that they may get done during the session. Do you foresee anything in particular falling off the plate and not getting done? I think that would be up to them. I don't want to get involved in their legislative decisions. I have a question about health care reform. I don't know if Secretary Samuelson is still here. It looks like the Green Mountain Care Board hold the hold one care Vermont's budget off their agenda today. I don't know when they're going to be voting on it, but just broadly heading into this vote. I mean, how how has the administration been thinking about where one care Vermont is right now in meeting its goals and how we're funding it? Yeah, we're challenged in some respects, but we're moving forward. So as an independent board, we don't necessarily impact or influence the Green Mountain Care Board's decision about the ACO. We are in the process of working closely with Green Mountain Care Board providers across Vermont and others to negotiate the next all pair model agreement, which really will set the direction for where we go with the ACO and broader reforms going forward. You see those discussions looking like and the governor just said it's challenged, you know, and I think some some told me that we're kind of this inflection point here. Where do you see this? So the ACO has achieved some things. But it hasn't achieved all of the goals that we would have wanted to see happen in the state of Vermont. It's been a great mechanism to help us drive forward things like payment reform that really were the foundation during the pandemic at keeping our hospitals and other providers stable. It hasn't necessarily actualized the full transformation of the health care system that we would have hoped. And so I think that's a part of the evaluation is to really and I think is to really appreciate and evaluate where the ACO is now. Prior to the pandemic, we put it the Agency of Human Services and put out an evaluation of the ACO and we continue to monitor progress towards that and that influences our impacts, our decision going forward. I guess what have some of those stumbling blocks been if you just have to maybe name a few. I mean, I know it's really complex and there's a lot of pieces to the puzzle here. But what what has sort of hamstrung progress? Just what I want to say is that when we entered into the all pair model agreement, we all knew that it was something new, that we were evaluating something that was different, a new model of paying health care providers, a new model of driving change. I think what you're sit what we have right now is just is that inflection point for us to evaluate how successful it's been over the last over the last more than five years. Now, we also had a pandemic in the middle of it. And I think that it's important for us to recognize that want to go to the phones and we can come back to the room. We'll start with Tim McQuiston for my business magazine. Thank you. I have a question about revenues and a follow up. You mentioned that we have more organic growth than there's to be enough surplus to cover the programs as you see them going forward. But as you well know, the personal income tax revenues have kind of cratered the last few months. Is is that surplus still going to be there at this point? Yeah, with our budget that we put forward, we did take a lot of that into account. We think, for instance, the $56 million for childcare is something that we have enough basic growth that will be fine in that area. But but we won't have all the surpluses in the future that we've been experiencing over the last two or three years. That's because, as I've said before, the vast amount of money that has been coming from Washington and has really stimulated the economy and provides that maybe overstimulation that won't be there in the coming years. But but if we if we do this right and we live within our means, we'll be able to weather any economic storm that comes our way. But we have to be pragmatic and we have to be realistic about what that means. And we can't continue to tax increase taxes and costs on on every day for monitors. I've been able to get a handle on why the the PI has come down so much from expectations given employment numbers are getting better. We know there's been wage inflation. Has your has your office been able to figure that out yet or we're going to have to wait to see how it all washes out. I think we're going to have to wait. I think it's too early to come to any conclusions on that to see if it's sustaining or if it's continuing to drop. I think we'll have to watch that as things progress. And again, some of this has to do with consumer confidence as well. And when we see what's happening across the nation and the economy throughout the world, we we are, you know, along for the ride in some respects. So we'll continue to do all we can to make sure we don't put ourselves in a position where we're vulnerable. And and if we have, you know, if I'm wrong about this, and we have surpluses the next year and the year after that. Good, great. I don't mind admitting when I'm wrong. And we'll have those resources to be able to define the initiatives that the legislature wants. But we should be measured in how we move forward so that we don't put ourselves at risk. Okay, thank you. Tom Davis, Compass, Vermont. Thanks, Jason. No questions today, Governor. Thank you very much. Thank you. Chris Roy, Newport Daily Express. Good afternoon, Governor. Thank you. I have no questions today. Thank you, Chris. Back to the room. Governor, you sent a sharing film today. I know we've talked about that a lot, but any thoughts? Yeah, I mean, it was controversial. In some respects, we didn't have all the sheriffs on board. We didn't have anybody really on board 100%. But it seems as though we were able to come to agreement in the end to make it palatable for both sides. So it's not ideal for some, but not enough for others. And I guess that's when when compromise is truly successful is when you have both sides, the extremes, not liking what you ended up with. That's like what we're seeing in Washington by example. Do you say that the impeachment of Sheriff Grismore had anything to do with your thought process on this? No, no, separate from that. You bear up Washington. Any thoughts on the the debt ceiling battles? I'm encouraged to see that they were able to. I mean, if Washington can come to an agreement, we should be able to as well. But it appears like it's moving forward. I hope I hope it's taken up and passed because as I said before, the debt ceiling is something that shouldn't be done in the aftermath. Alright, that should be done during the budget process and and not spend over spend, which is what I'm trying to prevent from happening here in Vermont. Don't over spend. Make sure that you live it in your means and they haven't been doing that. So looks like they might have some progress on that and some agreement and that's encouraging. I think it'll be good for all of us if that they can put that behind us. What do you think of the fact that social policy debates have kind of crept into the conversation around the debt ceiling?  Yeah, I think they always do. I mean the work requirements, I believe we're in at one point anyhow. A few years ago, but but I may be wrong. So yeah, I mean, we see that all the time and all the work that we do, some of your philosophical differences surface and and they have to compromise on that as well. Back to the motel housing. I've heard some folks in the housing support universe hypothesized that there are going to be some people that just don't leave the hotel, right? Like, alright, you time up. I'm not leaving. I mean, you're ultimately the client, right? I would say no. I think that they are the guests. Those who are in the program. We were just a credit card. We paid the bill. So have you, I mean, have you and your team like gained that scenario out at all and thought about what you'll do if people don't leave? Well, we'll go by the law at that point, whatever law prevails and we'll assist in any way we can. But this is between the hotel and the hotel management and their guests. Apologies that this came up on on Friday. But has there been any talk about security deposits that the state paid to some of the hotel rooms or hotels and who gets the security deposit back? That would come back to us eventually. So that's our assumption. No, that isn't our assumption. That's my assumption. Apparently it's an our assumption. That goes back to. Yeah. So for those individuals who have been staying in the hotels for four months or longer, their security deposit is pretty significant. It's three thousand three hundred dollars. And that's returned to them and minus any damages to the room to the rooms that have happened. For those who were less than four months that comes back to the state. So I think that that's that's an important opportunity for many of the folks who are in the program. I do want to go back to a question that you asked earlier. And that was around folks who are pregnant and leaving the program. And I can get you the technical details. I think one of the things that we emphasized last Friday is that the hotel program as the general assistance housing program is really temper intended to be a temporary program for really short stays. We have had we have individuals who were going in helping people navigate to the next steps.  And so programs like Lund that exist out there for new mothers are probably some of the better places for us to help folks get to rather than staying in the hotels. Again the security deposit apparently wasn't something that I considered that we wouldn't be getting back. But but this is good news for the guests there. They will be able to utilize that money for whatever purpose they might want to. Maybe even negotiating with the hotel to provide a longer stay. We I just want to last follow-up. We've heard from some of our viewers that are asking for the security deposit act. The hotels are saying no we have to get this to the state. I mean what sort of outreach is the state doing to the hotel? Yeah apparently I wasn't aware. So I apparently it does go back to the guests. So they will be able to utilize it in any way they see fit. And this could provide them with a bit of a slope or ramp off from from where they're at today. Is the state anticipating any you know major influx in law enforcement calls, police, CMS, fire, other health care issues that might come with the off-boarding so to speak of this program? I don't think we're anticipating any more than what way they have been experiencing over the last couple of years. They have especially in the Berlin area I know at the hill top in Berlin they have multiple calls a day with law enforcement. So I don't expect that they'll have any more than they've been experiencing but everyone's always prepared. You will need to act on each 230 the suicide prevention gun bill very shortly. Still contemplating my action on that as I've been saying I don't I don't believe the waiting period is constitutional and I'll have to decide whether that's enough to veto the bill or let it go without signature. But my my belief is that he'll be settled by the courts eventually. You took an oath of office not to do anything contrary to the constitution. And you're saying right now you don't think it's constitutional. Right that's what I'm struggling with. At the same time I know that it's going to be challenged and the Supreme Court will prevail on this. So that's exactly my I guess inner turmoil in some respects. Shifting on that slightly in Franklin County and as well as Orleans County we have a large section of 105 that has been very dangerous. The state has looked at it. I'm told that several of those crashes have to do with mental health if not suicide. And possibly even the one that was that happened on Saturday night that killed a sudden girl girl. Can you balance I don't know I don't know that to be the case. I'm not saying that it isn't. But but I do know it involves crossing the center line. There's been a number a number of these tragedies over the last few years that involved crossing the center line distracted driving in particular. I think cell phone use is is common. But but there is we have a mental health issue on our hands. We are seeing more and more of that. But I I haven't seen the lawn line drawn between that and these these particular crashes. But could be but I haven't heard that. You mentioned your contemplation has the bill had your desk yet. It's not. May have it here but I have not gone through it. Thank you all.


We learned about two types of particles in the last video, leptons and hadrons. Remember, the strong and weak forces act on hadrons, only the weak force acts on leptons. In this video, we'll learn more about these classes of particles and begin to learn about some of their key properties. We'll start with leptons. These are fundamental point-like particles, which basically means we can't break them up into smaller constituents. There are six leptons in total, which happen to fall into two categories, charged and uncharged. The charged leptons are the electron, the muon, and the tauon. All of these have a charge of minus one. The uncharged leptons are all neutrinos. The electron neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the tauon neutrino. Up until recently, we thought these particles were massless. As it turns out, they're not quite massless, but this is a story for another time. At this stage, you might be wondering why the names of these uncharged leptons are so uncreative. Well, there's a reason for this name association. If you recall a nuclear beta decay, you might have some idea of why. In a nuclear beta decay process, you have something like this, where carbon-14 transforms into nitrogen-14 by basically changing a neutron into a proton. That reaction also comes with the formation of an electron and an anti-electron neutrino. Or the other alternative, fluorine-18 becomes oxygen-18. So it changes a proton into a neutron and also produces a positron and an electron neutrino in the process. The electron anti-neutrino and the electron are both reaction products in the first beta decay process, while the electron neutrino and the positron are reaction products in the second beta decay process. Basically, whenever we produce an electron or positron, we'll also produce either an electron anti-neutrino or an electron neutrino in the process. The same kind of pattern is observed for the other charged leptons. Their production only occurs with the production of an associated anti-neutrino. And as a corollary, the production of charged anti-leptons is associated with the production of an associated neutrino. We know the neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are different because of how they react with matter. Each type of neutrino or anti-neutrino leads to distinct reaction outcomes, which we'll discuss in a bit. Because of this, we say each lepton and its associated neutrino is a family. Unlike electrons, the muon first discovered in 1936 by Carl Anderson, who also happened to have discovered the positron, if you'll recall, and his colleague Seth Nettermeyer, is unstable. So the muon decays in this way, and its antiparticle decays in the opposite way. So the muon decays by producing a muon neutrino, an electron, and an anti-electron neutrino. It has a pretty short lifetime of about 2.2 microseconds. The anti-muon decays by emitting the anti-muon neutrino, a positron, and an electron neutrino. The tauon, first discovered in the mid-1970s by Martin Perle and his colleagues at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is the heaviest of the leptons, about 3,500 times the mass of an electron, and is also unstable with a mean lifetime of 2.96 times 10 to the minus 13 seconds. It actually has a lot of different decaying modes, which we're not going to summarize here, but they all follow the same kind of pattern we've just seen for the case of the electron and the muon.


So let's talk about the drive over there. Are there mantras or things you have going on mentally, you know No matter how how long I've been doing this I still struggle you will always find actors in their cars after an audition going Oh, I should have done it this way Oh, I should have done it that way even if they did a great job worry or didn't even get the role So I still struggle with how I approach Going to an audition and it depends on if I know the cast and Richter's beforehand if I'm comfortable with them Do I want to have banter with just me beforehand and tell a story or do I want to if it's a specific character like crazy Eyes killer when I went in to play a gangster rapper. If you look at me I do not look like anywhere. I'm from Chaperon, New York, Millwood, New York I do not look like a gangster rapper, but for me to go into That audition I left my house.  I had two fangs like silver fangs and I had a tattoo on my arm I don't have any tattoos, but I put a big wolf and I call myself the wolf may right because that would be a Rapper the real wolf man and I and I and I didn't have blue eyes So I put brown contacts in because it totally changes my look and I was scruffy And I you know so I left with a with a bandana and a hat to the side And I left my house like that just to see what it felt like to be in that character So, you know when I got in my car first of all I was I was afraid of getting pulled over by the cops And you're like no really no it's a character. No really I'm Chris, you know I was a George that now so so but I left and I went into a purposely went into the wrong office as The wolf man whatever and I said oh, yeah, I'm looking for a curvy enthusiasm and to see the visceral Effect that she had that's great.   They all read for the role Oh, wow, but to but to you have to know the sensibilities as an actor What makes curvy enthusiasm funny, which is the push and pull so When I left That audition and I went in heat Larry thought I was an actual rapper because he's like no Larry's he's an actor But it's that you have to own whatever you're gonna go into the room with and I'm sorry If you're not an actor, but just own who you are as you enter a room You know and what you can contribute and what you bring to the table


Mr. Speaker, I rise as usual to make a brief intervention to the debate on the Income Tax Amendment Bill. Mr. Speaker, the bill seeks to reduce the requirement for the deduction of tax at source or withholding taxes from the payment of contractors on contracts below $10,000. Section 78 of the Income Tax Act is to be amended to provide this exemption from the deduction. Section 78-1 of the aforementioned act states, as follows, and I quote Mr. Speaker, where any person makes any payment either directly or indirectly through a financial institution to a contractor for the supply of labour or for the hiring of equipment, that person or the financial institution shall, subject to subsection 3, deduct tax from the gross amount of such payment at the rate of 10%, unquote. This proposed amendment, Mr. Speaker, is in keeping with a commitment made by the Prime Minister during the presentation of the budget for the fiscal period 2023-2024. And in this regard, Mr. Speaker, I quote, Mr. Speaker, effective July 1st 2023, there will be no withholding tax on payments on contracts $10,000 and below. This exemption will apply to musicians and other artists in the creative industries. We will enact new legislation and tax regimes to facilitate the development of the creative industries, unquote. This requirement, Mr. Speaker, will allow small contractors whose income is less than $25,000 per annum to pay no taxes, and therefore will remove the requirement to make a claim for a refund from the Inland Revenue Department. I know the member for Shwazel asked the question earlier regarding the number of contracts, but I just wish to add to the discourse that when a contractor gets a $10,000 contract, that does not mean that's income, because they have to expend a portion of that, and sometimes, you know, almost all of it. So we have to focus on what is coming to that contractor in terms of income, whether it's the $1,000 or $2,000. It will also provide greater cash flow to those contractors, giving them the flexibility to better manage their financial affairs, Mr. Speaker. This proposal, Mr. Speaker, must be seen within the wider context of the radical income tax reforms and more broader fiscal reforms being undertaken to reduce income taxes for, in particular, the people who are in the lower income bracket, Mr. Speaker, again consistent with the philosophy and thinking of a caring government, Mr. Speaker. At the end of the day, the security levy, in the context of the massive breaks, the people are better off, Mr. Speaker. They are better off. There was a slogan in Barbados many years ago, an election slogan that says, is the squeeze. And I have always referred to the member for Cass disease and the prime minister and minister for finance as a magician. And I think it was my colleague minister from Babuno who said, you know, where the money coming from? We are still recovering from that massive COVID shock. But yet still, we are able to do things that the former government could not do in the sunshine without those shocks. It is because our emphasis is on the people of this country, Mr. Speaker, make no mistake about it. And the people understand how their lives have been touched. They understand that. But that's one of the show. From January 1st, 2023, Mr. Speaker, the prime minister and minister for finance increased the personal income tax allowance from $18,000 to $25,000. This means that people who earn up to $2,083 monthly will no longer be required to pay taxes. As a result, Mr. Speaker, approximately 15,000 people are no longer required to pay income taxes. The prime minister and minister for finance and member for Cass disease, Mr. Speaker, in this budgetary policy statement, the prime minister and minister for finance granted a hundred percent waiver on penalties, interests and fines for businesses and individuals on the following categories of taxes. If the applicable taxes are paid by May 1st, 2024, hotel accommodation tax pay as you earn, hotel accommodation taxes, all inclusives, order withholding tax and value added tax. Mr. Speaker, our government has also accelerated the payment of refunds. You know, refunds that used to be in the holding pattern indefinitely. They are living the holding pattern. And there is a greater responsiveness to the needs of the people, Mr. Speaker. That you pay, that's right, you pay, and then you're waiting for your refund. But when you owe, it's taken promptly. Mr. Speaker, we are trying to eat, you know, in very difficult circumstances. We are yet to get to pre-COVID levels. And we are regrouping. And we are assisting the overall recovery of the economy so that we can do more for the people of this country. And we're not repairing the economy for people now to come and assume power and squander those monies on Papi Show, you know. We are repairing the economy. We are doing what we can at this juncture. And then in the next term, we are going to do even more because the economy would be in a better condition. Mr. Speaker, the cumulative impact of these policies increases the disposable income of the people and provides some relief to the increase in the cost of living. Let's not forget that. We are creating an improved framework for people to exist in this country, provides some relief to the increase in the cost of living over which we have no control, no control over those things. Mr. Speaker, even when we used to export bananas to the UK, we didn't control the price. They controlled the price. And when their imports are coming to our country, we don't control the price. They control the price. That is because we are small, open and vulnerable economy. The price of fuel going up everywhere, transportation costs, you know, out of control. How can that be our fault? But we have been subsidizing cooking gas and all kinds of things to help cushion the impact of those external shocks on the people of this country. Mr. Speaker, given what all what I have said, I am in full support of the income tax amendment bill, as it is part of the broader fiscal package of relief measures to provide greater support to the people of St. Lucia, Mr. Speaker. We are putting our national house in order to benefit the nationals of our country. Can we do everything in two years? Absolutely not. And I end with the words of the late president of the United States of America, JF Kennedy, who said, and I quote, let us not curse the remaining duck. Let us continue to gather the light, unquote. Thank you, Mr. Speaker.


and welcome to another episode of Tales from the VHS Vault. And today we're gonna talk about a movie that's very near and dear to our hearts. A movie I don't even have on DVD. I would like refuse to buy it on DVD because I only ever want to watch it on VHS. And that is The Three Amigos. Just you mentioning that wanting to get it on DVD. I was the same way and I was close actually. I gave a couple of my VHS away to my sister and I grabbed The Three Amigos and the cover's a little shady there. It's a little shoddy. I looked at it and was like, no, no way. It's almost like it's glowing or something. I was like, no. Right away you think of that beginning. Yeah. With the sports illustrated. The ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, the bat and everything. Well that's one of the charms and the things about VHS that you don't get with the DVD. And I remember I've had the DVD in my hands several times at a store. Right. About to buy it and like, no. It's just not the same. I don't want to watch it on DVD, right? The commercials and the trailers before the movie is part of the viewing experience. Exactly, yeah. If I were to buy The Three Amigos on DVD and didn't get that sports illustrated, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding. Or making Mr. Right. The trailer for making Mr. Right before the movie, it wouldn't be the same experience. You just pop it in on DVD and it just goes right to the menu and it's like, no, I don't want that. I want the whole thing. That's part of the magic, yeah. The whole nostalgia is part of those, you know, the trailers before the movie. Exactly. That making Mr. Right. I've actually never seen that movie. Me either, yeah. I wouldn't mind. But, you know, John Malkovich was all yonked. Super young, but that trailer is burnt in my brain. Exactly, yeah. You made love to an android? Ewww. We used to play this going way back with it playing on TV. We'd act it out. And we'd act it out. As the movie was unfolding on TV. And we had our own belts with the holsters and we had our own special guns just like, you know, our favorite characters in the movie, right? You were lucky day. I was lucky day. I'm lucky day. And I was Dusty Bottoms. I'm Dusty Bottoms. Yeah, we even had the little bell thing to simulate like the spurs. Yeah. Ding, ding. And like, there was that scene with, where they turn the lights on. Hey, what's going on up there? Ding, ding, ding. Let's go, amigos. Ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding. We'd jump off the couch. We'd jump off the couch. This was probably right when we first met. Yeah, it was one of the first movies we really bonded over was Three Amigos. It's funny because there was only two of us. Yeah, we just somehow made it work. I think that you had this movie and I didn't. Yeah, that's how it worked. I watched the movie because you already had it. I know I had it, yeah, for sure. But I can't remember if you had it or not. No, I didn't. I'd never seen it. I'd never seen it because you had it. Oh yeah, okay.  Yeah, you don't necessarily see all the comedic parts of it, right? But then as you get older and you watch it, as you get older, you get, oh, the layers get peeled away like an onion, right? Oh, there was more to this, the humor. There's so many different layers for the humor.  Yeah, the little male plane. I think it's a male plane. How can you tell? Well, didn't you notice it's little balls? Yeah, like stuff like that, yeah. You don't really get as a kid, but you get it as you get older. It's so many subtle pieces, like when they're trying to break into El Guapo's layer there and Ned gets stuck on those pinatas. And just the simple fact of watching the party, and he's so having a good time. He's all enjoying himself. As he's stuck there. Another one you don't get as a kid when Chevy Jays. Well, we can take a walk and you could kiss me on the veranda. Lips are fine. Lips would be fine. And that's the worst. He doesn't want to go down on her. Or when he's playing the guitar, right? And it shows that old woman. We think this movie is so subtle. Yeah, a lot of subtle things in this movie.  And then you see him in the background. It's super far, yeah. But it fucks.  That's, you know, I love comedies like this where it's not shoved down your throat. Like, you know, the plunger, like, it's funny now. Don't you see how funny this movie is? Yeah, yeah. It's like, no. You have to, it takes five or 10 watches to get everything, yeah. To get all of it, you know. It's an intelligent comedy, right? We watched it, what, last year? Yeah.   And it gets better with age, I think so. I think some of this movie's like a fine wine, it gets better with age, and it's kind of timeless because it's a period piece. Exactly. Got Martin Short, Steve Martin, and Chevy Jays, three of, like, some of the best comedic legends that have ever come to be. And you put three of them together and sometimes when you do this, it doesn't quite work, right? Yeah. People clash, right? Just doesn't, the chemistry isn't right. But this just, it just feels so natural and it just works perfect. It's one of the funniest movies I think ever made. For me, I think it's one of the best comedies ever. I don't think I've ever laughed at anything so hard. You have some of the supporting roles, too, like John Lovitz. You have Phil Hartman in it, so you have a lot of the Saturday Night Live-type crowd, too. So like, there's a lot of that feeling of a bit of family going on there, too. Oh, for sure. Wardrobe here. Take the Migos clothes. You can't take our clothes? They gave them to us. I'd like to continue working for free, Mr. Fruity. You have any idea what nada means? What is that, a light chicken gravy? Oh, the movie is very quotable, to be quoted in the movie all the time, you know. Infamous. Infamous is when you're more than famous. This man, Al Guapo, is not just famous. He's infamous. Infamous? Infamous? I'll give you the 10-Paiso version. Yeah, I wonder if we're talking about something being like a cheap version of something or like a half-ass version. We call it the 10-Paiso version. 23 pesos. We only have 10? All right. I'll give you the 10-Paiso version. Y'all cut out all this important stuff. Yeah, the thinking about this movie really takes me back to like, summer nights in 1989. Like our moms, you gotta put your sweaters on. Remember that? He's like, no, it's gonna wreck our costumes. No, sweater goes on. Okay, now go out and play. So if you have any great memories about three amigos, please let us know in the comments. But that's it, that's our little story for how close the three amigos is, near and dear to our hearts. What it's done for us as friends, how it's bonded us, right? Yeah, yeah, pretty much, yeah. And we'd like to hear from you if it's done the same. And until next time. Keep drinking, amigos. No, no beer, just tequila. What's tequila? It's like beer. Well, okay, three tequilas. Sure, sure, amigos. Water down.


All right, welcome to the game of hacks. Amit Ashbel is here and he will be taking over. Hi, everyone. Hi, guys. So this is my first talk at DEF CON. So go easy on me, okay? All right. So we're going to talk about something called game of hacks. Some of you may know it. Others may not. We're going to dig into some more details about game of hacks and the platform. In terms of the agenda, we're going to really first of all start by understanding what game of hacks is, what we made it to be, so what's behind it, actually. We're going to have a type of t-shirt contest. It's not really going to be a wet t-shirt contest, so no need for water. After that, we're going to talk a bit about Node.js, which is the platform is based on, the game of hacks based on Node.js, and just a few takeaways. Regarding the game, anyone who has internet connection, don't worry, we're not going to hack you. We just want to have you participate in the game. The ten first places are going to win a cool t-shirt, so hope you'll join. Okay, so game of hacks initially was born by a few of my colleagues at check marks when we were walking around a conference and we saw a few guys just standing in front of a wall. We came closer and we saw that they were looking at a wall with code on it, and it said spot the vulnerability. There was no prize, no anything, but people were just standing there and trying to figure out the vulnerability, so we thought, hey, that's interesting. On top of that, OWASP has published a kind of research that showed that one of their top concerns or priorities is awareness for training of developers, so secure training for developers. In addition to that, their challenges, as I said, are also related to the education and awareness of developers. So we looked at all of these facts, so the CISO facts and the people standing in front of a wall reading code, and we said, okay, let's put one in one together and make something out of it. So we built a game. The game is actually a challenge either against yourself or you can challenge a colleague to spot a vulnerability in code. The idea was initially, you know, just to get people interested. It was kind of a marketing campaign. And within the first 24 hours, we had 35,000 participants play the game, so to our surprise. I'm going to quickly go into the game, so hopefully internet is going to work properly. Yeah, it's working. So this is the game. You get to choose single player or challenge a friend. Once you choose, you have three levels of difficulty, so the beginner, the intermediate, and the advanced. And we'll go for beginner. It starts up. You have the different sections of the game. We'll dig into those in a few minutes. It gives you a vulnerability on the screen, a code with a vulnerability on the screen. If anyone wants to guess the answer, I'll be happy to hear. Out of the four? No? That's a beginner. Come on, guys. You can't read it? Let me zoom it in for you. Too much. Better? I can't hear you. We got 20 seconds left. Command injection. All right. Nice. Okay. So that's the idea. You get five questions. You have a timer, a minute per question. After five questions, there's a leader board.  And of course the more answers correct, you get the more points you get as well. But that was not it. So we said okay, this is interesting. We can do more than just a marketing campaign with it. And we thought why not get some more information out of it? We're going to publish this online. And why not gain some honeypot data and understand what hackers are really doing or really trying to do with these types of web applications based on note. And we'll talk about note in a second. So as you can see, immediately our assumptions were found to be correct. And these are some screenshots from some discussion boards. So some of them said, I don't know if you guys can read it, but it says something like game itself was harder than to hack it. Tries to teach security but fails at it. So we actually failed on purpose. We wanted to have vulnerabilities in the game. We wanted people to try and hack the game along the line. We fixed the vulnerabilities, of course, to see if people get more out of it. The architecture of the game. As I said, it's based on Node.js. Client side is either web browser, Chrome web browser, or other web browser. Or mobile device. And then you have the Heroku server with the Node.js server side and MongoDB running. We see that Node.js and MongoDB work perfectly together. We'll talk about that as well. So Node.js, single threaded architecture, event driven. And I just want to quickly go over the idea of Node.js because it's relevant for the rest of the talk. As you can see on the left side, you have the event queue. The event queue actually is what's waiting to be processed. So tasks that are waiting to be processed. In the middle you have the event loop which is actually the brain. So the event loop has the ability to use CPU as much as it wants. However, it will try to send all the tasks to its event handlers to spare time. So every time the event loop gets something, it will pass it on to the event handlers as fast as possible freeing up the next event and the next event. That way the single thread can work very fast and very efficiently. Just to make this a bit clearer, this is kind of an analogy to Node.js. You have the single thread who's the cashier here. He's getting the orders from the crowd, from the queue. And then you have the event handler who's constantly doing the tasks that he's getting from the single thread, the event loop. Going back to Game of Hacks, you have different entities. We have different entities which we based the application on. There are the questions, the difficulty level, the score, the answers, the question number of course, 60 second timer and the code snippet itself. Where the effect on the score is based on the time as I mentioned, the correct answer of course and the speed which was the answer was answered at. Okay guys, I want you to experience a bit of Game of Hacks. It's not going to be only vulnerabilities. I'm going to open up the screen now and I need you guys to either join via your laptop or your phones. I'll give you a few seconds to do that. Just go into kahoot.it, punch in that pin that you see on the screen right now. I see people joining already. Cool. Okay, nice. Remember, top ten will get a t-shirt. Maybe even like mine. All right, that's going better than expected. All right, I'm going to start. You still have some time to join. I think the first question doesn't have any points to it. So let's go. Why don't I have any sound? It doesn't matter. There's no points in this one. Let's move on. Second question, last chance to join. Okay. Okay, from now on it's serious, a bit more serious. So concentrate. That's current, the current leader. Okay, we're going to have three vulnerability questions. Okay, that was beginner level. Can you see the code? That makes sense then. I'll try and zoom in for you. Who's DKS? Raise your hand. Come on. Way to go. That was intermediate level. Let's see how that went. DKS. Nice. All right, last one, last game of hacks question. After that we're moving on. See the results for this one. It is confusing. DKS, what happened? Okay, now these are a bit more relevant to the platform that we're talking about. Not very well done. Okay. Okay, actually the server won't know the answer if the client is doing the random. There's no way for the server to, just a second. There is a way for the server to know the answer but most cases the server won't know the answer. Yeah, go ahead. I can hardly hear you. Pseudo random. We use the Pseudo random. We use the Pseudo random which has its other issues with no JS. You can discuss that offline later but, yeah. All right, I'm moving on. Another question related to, oh, gave you free points. Shall I ask who the three were that were wrong? No, no, no. Stay seated. It's okay. All right, nine out of ten. Very well done. So yeah, the client actually, if there's no validation on the server side, the client can answer the same question multiple times. The solution for that is actually to write a flag saying answer question answered. Sorry. Okay, and the last one before we move on with our talk. So the calculation is on the calculator screen here. 60 minus time to answer times difficulty. If you put in a negative number, your score is going to go very, very high. Okay, so let's finish this off. We have the top five on here. Actually, I don't think I can see the top ten. We'll trust you then. Nah, I don't think Zuma will help. Yeah, I know. That's why I said we'll trust you. All right, so let's move on with the talk. Okay, so these are just a few items related to the questions that we had. So initially, the app send answers allowed hackers or developers or script kiddies to just answer the same question over and over again. And you can see a snapshot. I don't know if you can read that, but it says more or less that you can post the answer for the same question multiple times. And that was obviously resolved by putting up a flag on the server side saying that the question was already answered. The next one was the timer. The timer initially was handled by the client on purpose, of course. We wanted to see if people are going to abuse it. And the timer was there to force the user to go on to the next question when the time ends. So once the timer is on the client side, actually the user can halt the timer and gain time to answer the question. And what you see here is someone who said here's how to hack the hacking game. Pretty simple. In your console, app.send answers answer one time minus<PHONE_NUMBER>. And that actually gained a huge number of points which brought this guy to the top of the leader page. And obviously after that we patched that and that was it. The time now was calculated on the server side. We have, it does create a small latency, but not effective enough to modify the scores. There was also one guy who found a nice trick on iPhone, on iOS. He found that if you hold your finger on the timer on the iPhone screen, it actually stops the time. So that's another trick that was circumvented using the server side time validation. Okay. A few more Node.js points to remember. Now these are related more to coding. Node.js is very, very popular. However, it does have its upsides and downsides. The upsides is the single threaded, quick response. Very good for IO intensive tasks. However, it's less good for CPU intensive tasks. So let's see, try and see that in action. I mean, we're going back to this image here. Imagine the guy who has the single thread on his head over there having to do a lot more work before he moves on to the event handler. That would create a huge queue and a huge delay in people getting their food. So same thing goes for Node.js. I'm going to show you a quick sample of denial of service. I hope it's going to work. What you see at the bottom is a small script that we've created that actually sums up the number between one and P where the number can be, the P can be anything you put in. Which is a CPU intensive operation, the more the number, the calculated number is high. So if we put in five, for example, we'll get 15. So one plus two plus three. So on. We get to 15. And let's try and see this in action. Okay. I hope you can see the screens on there. So this is actually going to run the script. I'm going to put the number, I don't know, 50, for example, in here. And you'll see that within a second we'll get a response. That's the calculation. Quick CPU calculation. And that's it. Now we're talking about single thread. So the Node.js can only run a single CPU intensive task at once. So what we'll do now, I'm going to put a large number on this screen here. I hope I'm not going to make it too large because then I might create myself a denial of service. But how many zeros do I have on here? Let's make it like that. Okay. At the same time, I'm going to calculate this for, let's say, five. We'll start this one. And after that I'll start the second one. And what you'll see is that this one, as long as it works, as long as it's calculating, the other one won't be calculated. So it's going to have to wait for the event loop to complete the job. That was too fast. Another zero. Okay. Now you see the one on the right is still calculating and the one on the left is not able to perform its task as long as the right window has not completed the calculation. And that's very simply a single thread problem. And there it is. So once the large number completed, the small number went immediately after that. All right? Everyone clear? Cool. Okay. Another thing with Node.js is that it's very popular to work with MongoDB because of the JSON based functionality that it has. It has the ability actually to take objects, to take JSON values and put them in the request or in the database. What happens in this case is that a user can actually, when you're trying to log in to an application, a user can use these Node.js values or these JSON values to play around with the log in. So this is kind of an SQL injection without SQL. I'm going to try and demo that as well. So we have this login application here. So this is just the login screen. If I punch in, it lets me in, which is great. And if I take this in the URL, it's the same thing actually. I'll just do this admin, admin again. So you see that it works the same way. Okay. So that works. But what happens if I use the greater than tag? So I'm going to use the greater than A, which means that any user on the system, registered on the system, is going to be able to log any user that's greater than A, which is probably all of them, and password that's greater than A is going to be able to log in. So I don't have the admin password in here. Once I click enter, it's going to let me in. You can't see that because there's no difference. So let's try a different letter. Let's try B. And it logs me in as a different user. So what I've actually done is I've used a JSON parameter, a greater than parameter to overcome the validation, which is kind of a JSON injection. All right. One more thing regarding to JSON. Because of that ability to use the JSON values, you can actually use a lot of JSON values. One of them is regular expression. Regular expression is highly CPU intensive. And as you can see, or as you can remember, the Node.js is very, very sensitive to CPU, heavy CPU tasks. So if we take this line, for example, and we're going to go again, we're going to go again to that login page, we're going to see that we can cause a denial of service or a regular expression denial of service to the login process, to the application, by just giving it a huge number of regular expression cards, wild cards. So let's see that in action. What we're going to see now, if I'm going to try and open my task manager here, hopefully it'll work. Okay.  There it is. So okay, my computer is already stuck. My browser is already stuck because of that. But the idea is that what you would see in this case, and you just saw that the MongoDB here is using 25% of my CPU, which is a single core out of my four cores. So very easily I could enforce the application to use up all my CPU and by that actually causing a denial of service. All right. Some takeaways. Gamification of education, we really believe in educating developers to write correct code, to write secure code. We think that one of the best ways, and it's not only us, I think the industry understands that one of the best ways to educate is via gamification. It works for everyone at all ages. So anytime you have an opportunity to make learning experience fun, highly recommended, we saw that with Game of Hacks, we saw that with the number of users who have been using it, developers of all types and kinds. Regarding the code that you're using, when you're using new code, in this case, Node.js, you want to make sure that you know what its pitfalls are. In this case, what we could have done to avoid the denial of service and the redenial of service and the JSON SQL injection is to actually validate completely the length of the fields and the validity of the field completely. And last point, Node.js, highly sensitive to CPU. So important to watch out for that. And that's it. It's time for questions. So in this online version of the game, it doesn't. It just tells you wrong. But there are other versions that we could integrate within our product and that allows you some more information once you get something wrong. Any more questions? Okay. Thank you very much, everyone.


Hey, I could ask a lot man. I say hey, how do you continue to level up yourself? I had someone earlier on zoom say dude, I'm thinking about I'm about to make six seven hundred thousand dollars this year I don't want to get complacent When you start making a lot of money, it's easy to get complacent. Alright, here's what I talk about right now Stay with me. Okay. I want to talk about how you can continue to level up in your life How I use events to continue to be a better version of me I believe 2021 is your year, but I know now is the time it's time to expand expansion always and always But here's what I know man. Here's what I know For everything to change you got to change right you go there in the mind before you go there in the body Here's what I mean Events have changed my life and I want to talk about how we're doing the Apersonation virtual conference and over 10,000 agents will register which will make it the largest virtual conference in the interest industry on March 5th and 6th, and it's free to register. So in any time you can click the link below and register right now All right, myself. I'm speaking twice Tom Hagna is speaking industry legend Brian Tracy cells Legend I've been listening to Brian Tracy's audiobook. You guys have heard me say this a lot His audiobook the art of closing the cell. I've been listening to Brian Tracy for a decade. The dude is a freak He's unbelievable. I'm actually interviewing him on this virtual conference that again is free Okay, here's why I love events, man I went to events. I started going to events about three and a half years ago Consistently and I was spending large amounts of cash and money to go to conferences And I left more motivated. That's why I love events more motivated Like if any of this if what I'm about to say is true for you and you're like, hey, I want that that and that then boom You're gonna want to register. Okay, I go because I leave motivated. I leave hyped up I leave with nuggets to actually help my bottom line. You want to make more money? Bam, this is it. Okay.  Okay? Also, here's the fifth thing that I look for from events and I get from them and that's the networking in relationships All right, there's gonna be 10,000 agents on there. There's gonna be possibly a couple dozen total Speakers Tracy, Hagna, Askins and several other industry speakers And what I can tell you is you're going to network and build relationships with people speaking even though it's virtual Okay, you can go in and add them on Facebook Instagram follow-up DM them etc. Email them ask them questions reach out to them get help you need help and most people, right? They don't need a hand out need a hand up, right? They need someone to help them be a better version of them And that's what this virtual conference all about the theme is if you don't quit you can't fail This virtual conference is the Change that you need in your life We are capping this out at 10,000 people And I can promise you if it isn't sold out at the time you're seeing this video It will be sold out. We will run out of seats. All right We already had to upgrade our zoom package like three times Just to have enough space and capacity to Accommodate the massive growth that we've seen in regards to this right? We had 3,000 agents last year in 2020 We will have 10,000 and it will sell out early for free in 2021 okay, here's the theme if you don't quit you can't fail because I believe But if you don't quit you cannot fail as long as you don't quit life gets really good in the insurance industry Okay, if you've been in the industry for a while and you know what I'm talking about You know what I'm saying, but I want you to drop down in comments and let me know hey, dude I know exactly what you're saying. I've been in history a while and as long as the newbies that are watching this video Don't quit They will win as long as they quit they cannot fail as long as they don't quit they will make large sums of money and moolah and Cheddar in 2021 and every year moving forward. Okay, because here's what I know is that you can not Quit it's the answer to you doing something big All of us all the time right? We are back against against against the wall We're thinking about quitting, but we're not sure man. This two-day event is going to make sure that you never quit I don't want ever see you throw in the the towel. I don't want to see you throw in the white towel Where you're like, hey, dude, I'm thinking about giving up man I'm telling you life gets really good as long as you choose not to quit There's people in our industry that their back was against the wall They couldn't they couldn't breathe. They were drowning right life wasn't going their way They weren't waking up money. They were living paycheck to paycheck bills were piling up They didn't know what to do. The answer is going to be in this virtual event I'm going to not only motivate you and teach you how to be a part of the 8% Forever, but once you get part of the 8% on day two I'm gonna focus on making you part of the 1% right you don't want to be a part of the 92% Because they fell in the first three years 8% Succeed fantastic kudos to you. You're making it, but you got to get here Okay, after that though you want to level up in the part of the part of the 1% that are making serious Coin hundreds of thousands of dollars if not millions of dollars in this industry I know tons people making seven figures in this industry and I'm telling you they stay motivated They get nuggets they get ideas and they build relationships with people At events.  Okay, can you tell I'm confident in that? However, you've got to show up because the main reason people fell right if I if I walk through like the steps to success step one is show up Who knows how many insurance agents will watch this video and they won't even show up and it's free Not only is that video free the two-day virtual conference with 10,000 other agents that want to be winners Right if you want to be a winner you will actually register for this event right now Winners show up winners attend. Okay, now you're going to learn something from me On how to become part of 8% of the 1% eventually scale your scale accompanying the team date figures by the way You're also going to learn from cells legend cells Titan Cells tycoon Mr. Brian Tracy. I've been listening to his audio book the art of closing the cell for the last 10 to 11 years I'm telling you his content is unreal. He changed my life and He's going to change yours as long as you show up Okay, Tom Hagna When it comes on life insurance annuities and turn in paychecks into playchecks and all sort of their stuff Right and really changing the game from an annuity standpoint and and and being able to Use language to sell more life insurance in your agency I don't care if you're a P&C agency you got to be selling a Medicare agency health insurance AC doesn't matter right you have to incorporate life Insurance into what you do it's the most important insurance that that can be offered in the industry by the way Why because it's a it's a love language. It's the last love letter You will ever get to leave someone and Most people don't realize it and that's what Tom Hagna is going to be talking about okay It's how to use this language and infuse it into there because one of the big things that most people don't know is Right is that life insurance is the only product on the planet where the owner purchases it and never gets to use it Because they're leaving it for their family. They never get to use The 100 grand the million bucks or the 10 million bucks that they leave their family right they never get to okay So he's going to be talking through that there's also going to be another couple dozen possibly Industry insurance industry speakers from all Types of Cells in the industry right all different product lines all over the country That have been selling for three years or 30 years right and they're all selling different stuff And here's the theme and the message that they're going to talk through and only are they going to give you tangible ideas That that you make sure you get a return on investment from these free dollars that you're giving me to be a part of this Okay, they're also going to make sure that you leave With actionable advice so that you can immediately go and start making more money Okay, here's my challenge for you. Try me You watch me because you believe in what I talk about you watch me because you trust me You watch me because I know I have your best interest at heart Then trust me you want to be at the 8% nation virtual conference March 5th and 6th two days Complete two days totally jam-packed for free. I'm so committed That I'm bringing this to you right now like I was just I was just doing a keynote for a virtual conference in the Philippines It's gonna have three to five thousand insurance agents on it we are spreading the 8% message around the planet across the globe and 10,000 agents will get the opportunity to change their life forever in 2021 and it all starts with the virtual the two-day virtual conference on March 5th and 6th, okay? So I'm not gonna ask you if you're going to attend and show up. I'm going to tell you the answer is Step one to success is to show up stop what you're doing and make sure that you register today because I can tell you these two days are Going to put you on another level another frequency. You're gonna change your life in a much bigger way than you ever have before and this 8% virtual Tom Hagna Brian Tracy all these speakers two full days is My gift to you in 2021 I'll see you there. Hey, if you love this, you're like good. I'm gonna see you at the virtual conference Let me give you a little taste of what you can expect to see and hear I interviewed Jordan Belfort last year Straight legend unbelievable. Go watch that video. You can get a small taste of what you've got to realize that the typical interview questions out there are like they're all well


An interesting mystery reported in the Lincolnshire lives stating the mystery of the deserted village that can still be seen from the skies, wait till you hear this, there are around 2,000 deserted medieval villages in England but Gainesfort and Lincolnshire is perhaps one of the most well preserved that is still visible, the village still has surviving elements such as houses, barns and streets that remain as a group of earthworks in a largely unplowed field, and despite the land being the source of much local interest historians and archaeologists have been unable to say for certain why this place was deserted. Many of the village's features are visible in aerial images and the village itself dex-backed at least 1000 years ago as it is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Gamble Stop, the small village or hamlet was assessed for taxes having just one caracate of farming land, and that's the contemporary unit for an amount of land that a plow team of 8 oxen could tend for a year. In 1208 Gamble Stop was listed in the Royal Fines document and this suggests that the village at this time was rather large, there were at least 19 fields surrounding the village occupying 108 acres with 44 hectares not including the communally farmed open fields, and the village also had a chapel, a windmill and a bridge. However the evidence available does not reveal the village's decline or precisely when it was deserted. The land of Gainesfort was granted to a small priory a few miles north-east of the village in 1343 and the population may well have declined as a result of the Black Death of 1348, but the village land was part of the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall by the 14th and 15th centuries suggesting that some village farms survived, even if the village itself had shrunk. A statement on the English Heritage website looks at how the village was deserted and it reads, the village was certainly deserted by 1616 when a survey for the Duchy of Cornwall noted, Nefertof, Tenement or Cottage Standing, and at the end of the 17th century the Yorkshire Antiquarium, Abraham de la Prim visited the site. In two separate and slightly contradictory descriptions he noted the ruined foundations of about 200 buildings and 3 abandoned streets in 1697 or about 100 buildings and 5 or 6 streets in 1699. Asking local people for further information, de la Prim learned that a land parcel called Church Garth, thought to be the site of the vanished village chapel, and this lay about 200 yards south-west of the ruins on the left side of the road leading to Gainesfort from Curtin. The position of the Church is uncertain, the 1616 Surveyor thought that it's ruins later in off of the remains of the village near a surviving farmhouse. De la Prim recorded a local tradition that Tudor robbers who used the village as a base were driven out by the inhabitants of other local villages, thus causing the total abandonment of Gainesfort. He added however that in his view the village had probably been abandoned to sheep pasture, and this was part of a regional shift from crop growing to more profitable pastoral agriculture. Many elements of the deserted village survive as earthworks in the grass fields that remains. There are three or four roads visible as hollow ways with earth banks on either side of a sunken track, and about 25 buildings laid out about 15 crofts beside the two east-west lanes, and each croft is thought to have been occupied by a family and used as a garden, and we just wanted to share this little snippet of lost history with you guys today, comments below and thank you for watching.


The governor of Benway State Samuel Utom has given one month's deadline to the federal government to approve his letter to procure AK-47 rifle license at the passing out parade of the second batch of the state volunteer community guards. Utom said that he had applied for the approval of the license but regretted that for over three months he was yet to get a response from the federal government. He said the procurement of the rifles would strengthen the state's logistics, support space and defense capability. I'm still waiting for approval from the federal government. Just by the fact that I've done this application three months ago, no single reply has been given to me. I'm still waiting. I have a responsibility to the state government and the people of Benway State. If in the next one month there is no reply, I will revert to the people of Benway State and seek their opinion on whatever they tell me is what I am going to do. Because the federal government that is complicit in the full honey killings must rise up to its responsibility of protecting lives and property. We cannot continue like this. Our security men have done their best. At least, I don't know all about other places but in Benway State, those conventional security men that have been posted here have done their best. The government will sacrifice their lives.


Sincitin is a fusion protein that plays a key role in mediating intercellular transfer of cargo between cells. It was discovered that when sincitin is present in both donor and recipient cells, it can create an open-ended connection between them, allowing for efficient transfer of cargo such as Cas9 protein. This finding suggests that sincitin may be the primary factor responsible for the formation of these open-ended connections. This article was authored by Tsongyang Zhong and Randy Skeekman.