Yeah, so just letting you all know, I posted a copy of the slides on my Twitter, which is at Kenesan. So if you want to follow along, you can just download a copy of the speaker deck straight from there. All right, let's begin. Hi, DEF CON. Yes, so this is my talk, how to use content security policy to stop cross-site scripting. First, a little bit of detail about myself. My name is Ken Lee. I'm a product security engineer at Etsy.com. In a previous life, I worked at a financial software company. As I just told you, literally 30 seconds ago, my Twitter handle is at Kenesan. If you have any questions, you can feel free to email me or send me a tweet. So let's talk about content security policy because I assume that's the reason you're all sitting here today. The best way that I've heard content security policy described is it's essentially depth for the web. And by that, I mean, it is a way to tell, for a server to tell your browser, you're allowed to execute certain things and only these things that I tell you to execute. And by doing that, it provides for a mechanism to stop cross-site scripting from happening. Just by a show of hands, how many people in this room know what cross-site scripting is? Okay. All right. Then this slide is going to go extremely quickly. So as an example, I take, for example, a page, a page is HTML and I throw a very simple cross-site scripting inside of it. This page has a content security policy on it. And if you look at the bottom of the page, the actual, the execution of the script is blocked by the presence of a content security policy. And that's sort of basically how it works. Now, for more detail, the way that it works is that a browser that is following a content security policy only follows specific directive specified by the content security policy as elements that it's allowed to render or execute on the page. In particular, the two important things to note about this is that content security policy, by default, disallows the use of inline JavaScript on a page, which is a big thing that I will get to later. And in addition, it prevents the use of the eval style family of functions in JavaScript. So I'm just kind of throwing this up there. This is an example, content security policy header. You know, you're not expected to understand this. There will be no quiz later on this. This is just to sort of demonstrate what a content security policy looks like. It's basically specified as a set of directives with a set of your eyes and keywords that tells the browser what you are allowed to execute JavaScript and other elements from. So content security policy, as I've said before, is broken up into a series of directives. The most common ones that you will probably end up using are directives such as script source, which controls the use of JavaScript on a page, style source, which controls the use of CSS and other styling on a page. And as you can see here, there's a directive for pretty much most types of things that you can embed on a web page. And in addition to that, there are also special keywords that you can use in combination with the directives to modify your content security policy. So for example, specifying a keyword of none for a script source directive tells the browser don't accept any source, don't allow any JavaScript from any source. The self directive is pretty self-explanatory. It basically says for only allow content from the same sub-domain and scheme. And the unsafe inline and unsafe eval are special keywords that actually override the default functionality that I mentioned before with regards to content security policy blocking inline JavaScript and eval. So an important aspect of content security policy that I'm going to go into is the use of report-only mode. Report-only mode, basically, it's appended to the end of your content security policy header or content security policy meta tag. And what this allows you to do is it allows, it tells the browser, I want you to not, I want you to not actually block elements that are disallowed by the content security policy. So it's essentially a dry run. And what makes this functionality even more powerful is the use of a report URI. So at the end of your content security policy, you can actually specify a reporting endpoint which tells the browser, hey, you've seen some bad shit with content security policy violations, send those violations my way. And this basically provides a mechanism for the server to learn what kind of content security policy violations the server is seeing. And again, to emphasize what's important about report-only mode is that it doesn't actually block. You can deploy this without actually affecting content that the client is seeing. So an important aspect to note is that content security policy as a standard is still evolving. This little snippet of a screenshot was taken from a version of Firefox not too long ago. And if it's hard to read the text, what it basically says is CSP warned, failed the parse, unrecognized directive, unsafe inline. Firefox at the time that the screenshot was taken had a bug where it didn't recognize the unsafe inline or unsafe eval directive. And I think the latest version of Firefox, Firefox 23 actually still has a bug where it doesn't allow you to whitelist unsafe style source elements. So like I said, browsers these days are mostly up to spec with regards to CSP 1.0 compliance. But if you happen to notice in the process of your testing for content security policy that you're seeing some unexpected behavior, there is a strong possibility that it may not necessarily be your content security policy. It could just be the client's browser acting like a smelly lobster. So let's talk a little bit more in detail about the inline JavaScript bit that I alluded to earlier. So as I mentioned, content security policy 1.0, this allows by default the use of inline JavaScript on a page. This is actually, as it turns out, kind of a big deal. The way that is recommended to sort of deal with inline JavaScript is to create external scripts out of all your inline JavaScript. This has kind of a number of implications. The biggest one being that you're essentially turning all these inline bits of JavaScript into synchronous calls that the browser has to retrieve the JavaScript from. Alternatively, if you want to get around this, you can also specify the, as I mentioned before, the unsafe inline directive. But this has implications for defeating or basically weakening the strength of your content security policy. And in addition, if you use any kind of asynchronous JavaScript loading libraries such as RequireJS, this also has implications as well because RequireJS and other asynchronous JavaScript loading libraries, what they like to do is they essentially like to say, hey, I want to load this bit of JavaScript. So at some point during the rendering of this, of the page, I'm going to basically call append child to the head of the document with the contents of the JavaScript. And because this is all done asynchronously, it's very fast. There's no additional HTTP call. But the problem is that that's going to cause issues with content security policy 1.0. So as a result, you know, there are potential performance implications to deploying CSP 1.0 by turning all of your scripts into externalized bits of JavaScript. Hopefully content security policy 1.1 will fix that as right now they're sort of working out the final bits of the spec. But there will essentially be a way to safely whitelist inline JavaScript on the page. So let me talk about some real world implications about deploying a content security policy to your production website. So, oh my God, this is terrible. So there's a couple questions that a lot of you probably have if you want to, if you're thinking about rolling out a content security policy to your website. For example, how should you go about rolling out a content security policy to your website? How should you test the validity of your content security policy? And what bits should you throw the content security policy onto? A number of websites such as Twitter, for example, have chosen to focus their content security policy on specific segments of their website. And this actually makes a lot of sense from a metric standpoint because it gives you a very focused approach to applying and fixing the issues that your content security policy detects. So these are two just graphs of Splunk showing a hit count of content security policy violations that have been sent from client browsers using the report only directive to an endpoint that I've specified. And in addition, the bottom graph shows a list of top blocked URIs. So what's really powerful about content security policy is that if you specify a report only endpoint, you can use this to essentially learn all the things about content security policy violations that clients are seeing. And this potentially has some really interesting implications in the process of looking into content security policy during the evolution of the spec. One of the things that I noticed was the fact that you end up seeing a lot of mixed content on your website. And the nice thing about content security policy is that it's actually really effective at helping you root out and stamp out all those instances of mixed content on your website. So essentially the technique that one can use for detecting this mixed content on your website is if you specify a content security policy and you have reporting endpoint, if you see the reporting endpoint, the browser essentially sends a JSON blob to the reporting endpoint containing information such as the document URI, the URI of the blocked element, what have you. And so basically if you just parse this blob and detect if the scheme of the document scheme that was retrieved was HTTPS and the block URI was HTTP, then you have an instance of mixed content sitting on your website. Now granted, certain headers such as HTTP strict transport security can actually be an effective approach in essentially removing mixed content from your website because this will force all your subdomains to HTTPS. But from an implementation standpoint, from experience, I've discovered that most of the issues that you will run into with mixed content on your website when rolling out a content security policy won't be from your own subdomain. Surprise, surprise. It'll actually be coming from, in most instances, third party vendors who don't, for example, simply don't have an HTTPS endpoint for their website. So a couple thoughts, additional thoughts about content security policy. As I mentioned before, unsafe inline and unsafe eval, essentially severely nerf the protective abilities that content security policy give to you. So it's important when deploying a content security policy to consider whether or not you should include these directives in your policy. In addition, content security policy can, if you choose to implement it as a header, you can potentially be including a very, very large number of sources in your policy. And that can cause your header sizes to grow, which can potentially have an impact on performance. And the final, last sort of obvious point is that you should always make an effort to test your content security policy before you roll out to production. So let me get to the final, the good bits before talking about the tool that I created. So if you want to test content security policy right now, live, it's a thing that exists in Firefox 23 and Chrome 25. Previous versions of this browser used, I believe, the X content security policy header for older versions of Firefox and the X WebKit CSP header for Chrome. And if you want, you can test this out, you can apply the report only header or as a meta tag to simply have the browser attempt to basically not block instances of bad JavaScript or style elements that it sees. In addition, the report URI is tremendously powerful from a metrics perspective just because of the fact that it can give you so much information on what clients are actually potentially seeing in terms of blocked content. And with the ability to monitor all of this blocked content via either Splunk or StatsD or Graphite or some other logging metrics tool that you use, it gives you the ability to look into and fix all of your inline JavaScript issues that are caused by deploying a content security policy. All right, so let me talk a little bit more in depth about the tool that I'm releasing. So one problem that I initially ran into when deploying a content security policy was that it was actually really annoying to test my content security policy in a development environment and then push it to production. Because of the very nature of the fact that in production, I would have to specify prod hosts and in Dev, you know, I would have to use Dev host. And it was annoying to the point where I didn't want to have to constantly poison my host file to have to handle this.  So CSP tools is essentially a set of three Python based tools that do the following. The proxy tool is essentially a Python proxy written using LibM proxy that intercepts all HTTP and HTTPS traffic. And what it will do if you connect to this proxy is it will insert, dynamically insert a content security policy report only header with the policy you've specified. In addition, the proxy will also capture any content security policy violations the browser sends back to the proxy endpoint. The browser tool is basically a Selenium powered instance of Firefox. And what that does is it essentially allows you to create unit tests for content security policies that you've deployed to specific pages on your website. And finally, the parser tool, which is fairly self explanatory, what that does is it takes me. Hi. So have you attended any talks? Um, yeah, in the past, Defqons, yes. Yeah, okay. So we're here to actually help you out. This is your first time speaking, right? Yeah. How's he doing? We have a little, as many of you know, we have a little tradition here as our speaker does not seem to know where all first time speakers must do shots. We also have some other first time attendees to Defqon. There you are. Thank you, sir. All right. Congratulations. Cheers. Oh, my God. Wait a second. And where's Heather? Heather, raise your hand. Yep. It's Heather's first time at Defqon too.  Sorry, folks, no demo. Just kidding. So here's a little demo of the CSP proxy at work. I'm browsing to this one website, www.etc.com. You may have heard of it before. Wow, that really hit me hard. So I'm just going to the console to demonstrate, you know, there's no tricks up my sleeve, no content security policy here. Going to the network tab, just showing you that the GET request does not actually have content security policy specified in the response. So scrolling back down, you can see no tricks here. So I'm going in a second when this really slow video demo finishes, I'm going to just change my proxy home to specify using a proxy on local host port 8080. If I'm talking a little slower, it's because I just had a lot of alcohol and now more alcohol. Yeah. So I'm starting up the proxy on and I'm specifying a host of www.etc.com. And now I'm going to reload the page now that the browser is using this proxy. And you can see here from loading the page it's seeing some violations. If you look at the initial GET request, we can see that a content security policy report only header is in the first response from the server. And if we, and we can see here a content security policy violation being sent back to the proxy. And in addition, we have a number of content security policy violations being logged on the console. So that's essentially how the proxy tool works. And if you actually look into the log file all it is, like I said before, no lies, I wouldn't do that to you guys, is just simply JSON blobs of the content security policy violations that the proxy has logged to disk. So now this next video is demoing the parser and browser tool.   And I've specified a number of URIs, HTTP and HTTPS links for the browser to log to. And since I've specified my proxy on port 8090 for the browser to use, it's going to connect directly to the proxy and send as you can see in the background, send content security policy violations directly to the proxy. So you can see here I'm browsing a couple URIs, first the front page of Etsy, now some HTTPS link, which it loads just to tell the proxies chugging away happily because it's basically just logs all content security policy violations right off the bat. And I'm going to jump ahead. So I implemented this using basically Selenium. And if you really wanted to, you could actually modify this to make the whole thing run headless so you don't actually have to see the browser running. So now we closed down the proxy after a ton of them, and they've hit the URIs that we've specified, which is excellent. So now we can go about the process of making a content security policy using the parsing tool, and bam, we've just created a content security policy for our website. So yeah, if you want to get CSP tools, it's available on GitHub at the following URL. Feel free to issue pull requests if you find bugs with my implementation. Also, if you don't know what I mean, hit me up afterwards in the QA Lounge or on Twitter, which is again Kenneson, if you'd like to view a copy of these slides. And I'd also like to give a huge shout out to Kaizong for helping me tremendously with the initial implementation of CSP and also just a general shout out to the Etsy security team for being tremendously supportive of my efforts in implementing content security policy. Oh my gosh, outside is the appropriate place to be asking them, at least from what I've been told. Thank you.


Why do narcissists leave but still contact you? The narcissist has left and they might have made it clear that they are not interested in being in the relationship with you anymore. But yet they still continue to contact you. The reason for this is because they need attention. They need you to take notice of them. They need you to regard them as something interesting or important. When they started devaluing you, that is when they had found another source of supply. Another person to attend to their needs. Narcissists have a dualistic mentality where a person is either all good or all bad. Once they have begun devaluing you, that is when they see you as being all bad. They might try to provoke a negative response from you to make them feel as though they are powerful or significant. But from this point on, it becomes very difficult for them to get you to admire or respect them. This is why they have to find another source of supply. Another person to attend to their needs. Someone who doesn't know what they are about. Someone who will admire and respect the false character that they are displaying to them. Although the narcissist has left and moved on with this new source, they will continue to contact you because no amount of attention is enough for them. They also cannot reveal anything negative to the new source of supply. Until they have groomed them, until that time they may continue to contact you. They will use any contact to emotionally abuse you. And they will portray this image or illusion as though they are so much happier with the new source. This is all designed to affect you emotionally. This is all designed to hurt you. Remember the narcissist feeds off of your emotional reactions. They provoke jealousy within you, which gives them an emotional response and gives them fuel. They are not contacting you because they care about you. They are not contacting you because they love you. All they care about is getting attention. All they care about is admiration and respect. When you realise that they are not worthy of your admiration and respect, that is when they will begin to devalue you even more. They will intentionally try to hurt you. It's still validating their false self because it makes them feel powerful. Making you feel out of control provides them with a sense of stability and security. In some situations they may act as though they care or as though they wish the best for you. But they really don't. They know that you just want them to treat you with the love and respect that you deserve. But once you figure them out, they can no longer even give you a false sense of what that feels like. Because just being in your presence is enough to trigger them to reflect on their insecurities. When you're confronting or questioning them, it's invalidating their false self and the image or illusion that they are trying to portray. They don't want to reflect on their insecurities. It's too painful for them to deal with. So instead, they choose to project their insecurities onto you. They assign their negative traits or characteristics onto you. This then regulates their emotions and boosts their self-esteem. They might also stay in contact with you as a backup. In case it doesn't work out with a new source, they can often re-idealize old sources of supply. But again, this doesn't mean that they care about you. This doesn't mean that they love you. All they care about is themselves. All they care about is fulfilling their own needs. Everything they do is for narcissistic supply. It's not about you. It never was. They just made you believe that it was. Because they knew that that was the only way that they could keep you around. The narcissist might continue to contact you and keep you holding on to your feelings of hope that maybe they might come back or maybe they will change. But they will never change. And even if they do come back, it's only because they have re-idealized you and then they're just going to use you for your energy and resources all over again to fulfill their own needs. They do not care about you. They are not interested in helping or supporting you. And they are not going to be there to comfort you. Remember those painful emotions around from you being around them. They were the cause of those emotions. If you are continuing to stay in contact with them, that means that it's created a trauma bond which is the result of an ongoing cycle with the intermittent reinforcement of reward and punishment has created a powerful emotional bond between you and them. If you want to remove this trauma bond, you need to let go of any hope that they are going to change. Feel your emotions. Understand that the narcissist was not the person that you thought they were. Learn to grieve. Let go of the fantasy, the illusion. Set boundaries. Identify what is okay and what is not okay for you. And most importantly of all, cut contact with the narcissist. They are not going to change.  But this is only to keep you around so they can extract more of your time and attention, more of your energy and resources. They are not going to change. And the more time that you spend in contact with them, the more pain and distress it is going to cause you. The more difficult it will be to let go. Thank you for watching. I hope this video resonated with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate, my PayPal link is in the video description. Coaching inquiries can email me at nagsforvertcoaching.com. Check out the emerged dice in the Nags Forever store where you can purchase your own Nags Forever t-shirt, tank top or mug. The link is in the video description. Thank you for watching. I'll talk to you soon.


English Conversation – Hotel Recommendations from espressoenglish.net Listen to the conversation, then read the explanation of the words and phrases. I'm looking for a budget hotel in Orlando. Have you ever stayed at the Comfort Hotel? Yes, I wouldn't recommend it. Why not? Granted, it's cheap, but the place is filthy. The beds are uncomfortable. There's no AC. The breakfast is pretty skimpy, and the staff couldn't care less about the guests. Oh, I guess you get what you pay for. How long did you stay there? Just one night, when my flight was cancelled due to bad weather. It's bearable if you just need a place to crash, but you definitely don't want to book a vacation there, unless you enjoy sharing your room with cockroaches. Hmm, I'll pass. Hopefully I can find a decent place that won't cost a fortune. Now let's learn from this conversation. Amanda is looking for a budget hotel. This means a hotel that is inexpensive. It doesn't cost very much money. When she asks Joe about the Comfort Hotel, Joe gives her a list of negative points about it. Joe begins by saying, granted, it's cheap. The word granted in this situation means I acknowledge that. You can use it to recognize a fact before presenting some counterpoints, facts on the opposite side. Joe says the hotel is filthy.  Also, the beds are uncomfortable and there's no AC. AC means air conditioning. The breakfast is skimpy. That means there is less food than there should be. The quantity of food is inadequate. Finally, the hotel staff couldn't care less about the guests. That means the people who work at the hotel don't care at all about the people who are staying there. Amanda uses the phrase, you get what you pay for. This expression means, if you don't pay much money for something, then it is probably of bad quality. If you pay more, then you are more likely to get something that is high quality. Joe only spent one night at the Comfort Hotel due to a flight cancellation. He says it's bearable if you just need a place to crash. This means you can tolerate the bad situation if you just need a place to stay the night temporarily. The word crash is an informal word for finding a place to stay or to sleep. However, Joe doesn't recommend booking a vacation there. The word book, used as a verb, means to make an advance reservation for a plane ticket or hotel. He says you'll only like the Comfort Hotel if you enjoy sharing your room with cockroaches. That's a type of insect. Amanda says, I'll pass. This expression means, I won't take that opportunity. She hopes she can find a decent hotel that won't cost a fortune. This means cost a lot of money. Another idiom with the same meaning is cost an arm and a leg. If you'd like to learn more English phrases for everyday situations like hotels, traveling, and other situations in daily life, check out the Everyday English Speaking course at espressoenglish.net. It will teach you the English you need for daily life.


Hey guys, I thought we'd take a quick look at my running shoe rotation now in the winter here in Norway.  And so let's have a look at what shoes that I'm currently using and some tips around shoe choice, shoe, shoe, tips around the shoe choice, shoe choice, shoe choice, that's a weird word, shoe choice this winter. All right, so first of all, I'm currently doing most of my quality sessions, like my faster running indoors on a treadmill. And so that means I'm obviously using sort of normal shoes because it's on treadmill, right? So I don't need spikes or anything on the treadmill, certainly not, that would be bad. And I definitely recommend, you know, depending on how fast your fast running is, because if you're a slower runner, even when you're running pretty hard, if the absolute sort of velocity or speed is fairly low still, it might be fine doing it outdoors on slippery surfaces, as long as you have spikes, etc. But if you're the faster you get, the more difficult it is to safely run outdoors during your interval sessions, for example, a treadmill can be a good tool in that regard. But nevertheless, most of my running is done outdoors. And I'm just going to go straight in and show you the shoes that I'm using on like 90% of my runs. And it's the Hoka Speed Goat. But I have put in spikes. All right, so you can see here that there are spikes put in. Let's see if we can get a close up. Yeah, there are spikes put in on the shoe, on the bottom of the shoe. Here in Norway, you can get that done, well, you can do it yourself. But I got it done in a running shoe store, Løplabbe. If someone is in Norway, they can go there. It's like $25 to get that done. So that's pretty nice. And the grip is excellent. So earlier this winter, I just ran without spikes, because there's a lot of different winter running conditions, right? So when the first snow comes, and it's below zero, and everything freezes over, and it's just dry snow, you don't actually need spikes. I prefer running without spikes in those conditions. So I was running with these shoes, the Speed Goat, without the spikes. If you're in a place where that's how it is, it just goes below zero and just stays there, and it's just snow the whole winter and it's dry, you don't actually need spikes. But what happens here in Norway, in most places, I guess, is that at some point, and it happened early this winter, it goes above zero, which means that the snow melts, and then it freezes again. And now we've got ice, all right? So suddenly everywhere is it's like an ice rink, okay? You could you could go ice skating on the road here in Norway. And that's not good, and you cannot run with anything normal shoes, all right? So actually when I didn't run in these, when it was dry and just snow, I could even run in my normal Hooker Clifton shoes, because it's the grip is fine as long as it's just dry snow. But as soon as it's getting icy, that's when you need those spikes. So I had to get those set in immediately, and no problem. Once you've got the spikes in, you can run on an ice rink. It's fine. Sometimes you can slip a little bit, so you still need to be maybe concentrate a little bit extra, run with a little bit higher cadence, shorter steps, right? Just be a little bit more concentrated. But usually the grip is fine. And of course, there's different types of spikes as well. Hooker actually has a new model now, Speed Goat as well, which has already spikes set in. And those spikes will probably last longer than these and possibly even have better grip. I don't know, I haven't tried it. So I guess in an ideal world, I would have one pair of Hooker Speed Goats or any other shoe. I'm just that's just the shoe I'm using. And there are tons of other models from Hooker and other brands, obviously, that are great.  To get a little bit more traction. So in winter, I'd run in trail shoes. But then there's another aspect, too. Some summer trail shoes, they are still fairly breathable, whereas winter shoes, because you're running through slush, perhaps sometimes, water, obviously, snow, you want a little bit more protection here in terms of making it protective. So you're not getting wet and also a little bit more padded, perhaps you're not getting cold. All right, so those are some things to consider. But, you know, you would have a trail shoe for the dry days and another shoe with spikes for the ice. There are some other shoes that I have here, for example, from Ultra, these. If you're going running, I used to do that, I don't do that anymore. But if you go running in the forest during winter and you have to go through like pretty high snow, having this shoe with like a high heel or like a mid, it's called mid. It's just a this is Ultra Lone Peak Mid, I think they're just calling it, which just means that it's a high area here, which protects you from getting snow in there. And you can have gaiters on there as well. So that's a shoe I just use it for everyday use nowadays. So the truth is, I actually just run in these every day when I'm outside, which is not ideal because optimally you would have different shoes and rotate through them in the week. But because I do also some runs on treadmill, I'm getting some variation there. But the optimal solution would probably be to have another pair of shoes as well, slightly different from these, perhaps also with spikes, just to be able to add some variety. But that depends on how often you're running. I'm running almost every day. So that's why I probably should have that. Whereas if you're running every other day, it's probably fine just to use the same shoes. Anyway, that's it. Winter running can be challenging at times, certainly. But having good shoe gear is essential. You don't want to go out on the slippery ice and try running without spikes. It's risky. You risk an injury for several weeks or months. You can fall. You can slip and then strain your hamstring or something because you're suddenly going into a split or something. So don't do that. So get spikes in your shoes. Use trail shoes or winter running shoes. That's my tip. I want to show you guys the winter hair before we wrap it up. So let's see outside. It's very beautiful. Today especially, the weather is great. So let's see. Here we go. Very nice. So beautiful day. But today actually I'm going on a treadmill. I have a quality threshold session today. And so I'm heading to the gym now. And that's going to be fun. All right. Thanks for watching. If you have any questions, post a comment. Follow me on Instagram, of course, to see my daily posts almost. And stay tuned for more videos. All right. Bye.


Welcome to the Crypto Minute. Andre Cronche just sailing into the sunset. I just remember Limeware where Riley used to rip music back in the day while they're coming back as an NFT music marketplace. Okay, just one question on the Tai Lopez movie night thing. Does the 12-Eath include popcorn, or should I bring my own? Gas prices hit an all-time high. Good thing Ethereum's been mentally preparing me for this moment for years. Running to a CNN article, India's young investors prefer Bitcoin over golden stocks. Amazon did a 20-to-one stock price split. 73% of institutional investors and wealth managers believe that Bitcoin is a reliable hedge against inflation. Why are you so obsessed with me? When he says he's taking you somewhere really expensive. Goldman's stocks is gonna start offering ETH trading to their customers. Well, India's executive order wasn't as scary as we thought it might be, but Yellen did let the cat out of the bag early. Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak said that Bitcoin is a mathematical miracle. Crypto donations to the Ukraine have surpassed $100 million. Visa, MasterCard, and American Express all suspended Russian operations. Shake Shack, giving their customers 15% back in Bitcoin when they use Cash Out. Okay, X is sponsoring the Manchester City Football Club. Keep stacking, and I'll see you next week.


After filming this video.  The second thing is how to prepare to make sure that everything goes relatively well when I say that it's gonna be hard Boot camp is not an easy thing to do necessarily unless you've had prior experience There's gonna be struggles But I'm trying to help you out and make sure that you don't get kicked out for something dumb that you could have Prepared for ahead of time and then the last thing is what you need to do While you're in boot camp to not fail to not fall behind to just stay on task and complete it You've risked absolutely everything going to code boot camp you quit your job You're taking a risk on your savings, but if you complete it and everything goes well You'll get a software engineering job paying you a lot more than you're making now and everything will be absolutely worth it Right, that's what a lot of us think when we go to code boot camp But the one thing people don't talk about but you yet think about all day every day while they're doing boot camp and before boot Camp is what is gonna happen if I fail boot camp and I don't make it through or I have to come back on a later What is actually gonna happen to my money what's gonna happen to me and that's what I wanted to talk about first We've talked about the pay structure and the kind of boot camp you're going to this video is gonna be focused about Lighthouse Labs But I wanted to use Lambda school as an example Lambda school has an ISA agreement structure on their payment Which means you have to complete the boot camp and make a certain amount of money Before you start paying them back and there's obviously more rules within there But we'll get there in a second so they make it that you have to make more than 50k a year And that if you're making more than 50k a year You're gonna be paying 17% of your income over the next 24 months and that's capped at 30k Also, if you get a job and then something happens and you get fired or you quit or whatever it pauses So if in the moment you're making 50k or more a year, you'll be paying Lambda that month per month So for example, let's say you get out of Lambda and make their average Student salary, which I think is like $70,000 or something around that doesn't matter Let's say you're making $70,000 that means you're almost making $6,000 a month Which will then translate to you paying about a thousand dollars a month to Lambda Which will end up being about $24,000 over the two years. This is not a show for Lambda I'm just trying to show how ISA is 10 times better than anything out there It's I think it's more encouraging knowing that you're only risking your time and the money you need to live Versus having on top of that a large down payment that you put onto a boot camp That you might get something out of it You might not where Lambda if something goes wrong and you don't finish it or you don't get a job You don't have to pay it back if for five years you don't get a job involving I think it's involving a skill that you learned at Lambda You actually don't have to pay the ISA ever it just expires also ISA agreements aren't like loans They don't collect interest. They don't have any of those issues It's relative to your current living situation if you have a job if you don't we're loans It's just like you got to pay it or the bank's gonna come after you or your interest is gonna grow to a point where the Actual loan is being doubled now and also your credit will get screwed up boot camps like lighthouse labs do it differently They ask you for an upfront payment and that is your only option. You could go with a third-party Loan company, but Usually those are really bad and it's pretty much like going to a bank but worse and that's a lot of money to give up front when you're making 340k a year and you need to save up living expenses and And figure out absolutely everything while you're gonna go to that boot camp now for lighthouse labs The refund agreement works really differently and it's not as good as an ISA So I actually have a couple pulled up It was really hard to find these for some reason actually took me like a decent amount of time But this seems that they have different ones for different locations So the one in Montreal and Ottawa are pretty similar But the ones in British Columbia are absolutely brutal like let me read this to you So if you go between week one to the Monday of week three So there's two week period the first two weeks of the boot camp if you get through those two you can only get 70% refund back If you go between week two and a week five you only get 50% back So if you make it to week three and something happens and you've got to get out You pretty much can only get back 50% of your initial investment in three weeks This is why it's super important and I want to talk about this later on way more I'm preparing for a boot camp ahead of time because you do not want that to happen because at that point They're probably just gonna tell you're gonna come back for a new cohort in the next three four months Which is not enough time for you to get a job and then quit the job so you're pretty much gonna have a giant hole of unemployment and That's gonna suck if you don't have savings also no matter what after week six I think which is the halfway point. They don't give you your money back They just tell you to come back to the next cohort the one in Montreal where I live works like this week one is 75% week two to three is 67% Week three to four sixty percent week four to five fifty three percent and week five to six forty six percent 46% now that we talk about what happens financially. Let's talk about how to avoid it the only situations where people usually end up flunking out or getting out is either they fall behind and That's pretty much it actually but most of the time it's happened because either they're mentally burned out or they're distracted or they didn't prepare properly They they jumped in too quickly and it just comes down pretty much to preparation and keeping yourself Mentally clear while you're doing the boot camp because it is a hard process. There's boot camps out there that are five days a week You know normal like nine hours a day and then you got lighthouse labs that was set up at the time when I was doing it 12 hours a day six days a week and Optionally you can come in on the seventh day, which I can imagine that if you have kids or something like that It's really really hard for you to mentally deal with that So you really have to prepare ahead of time and make sure you're ready to prepare properly The first thing I want to talk about is the pre-work.  If you would learn react and your pre-course work and you went to boot camp to learn react like you'd by the time You would do react in the pre-course you'd realize you don't need the boot camp good to go to online resources, right? So they're not actually preparing you properly for what you're running into in the next couple weeks The single strategy that got me through was reading the topic ahead of a week ahead of it So if next week we were doing react and this week we're doing JavaScript I would be reading about react and just learning the general terms and words and exposing myself to certain confusing things ahead of time and getting those You know getting it processing it mentally ahead of time so that when we got to the react week I could just focus on building things with react and actually learning how it functions and Working with it. I always go back to this example for some reason in my videos But it comes down to driving an automatic car When you first learn to drive allows you to focus on actually Driving and learning the signs and the rules and the road and all these things where if you were to drive a manual Car for your first time you'd be focused on how to drive a manual and not on actually driving on a road with other people It's the same thing when it comes to this bootcamp mentality when it comes to code It's really hard to focus on learning react when you barely know how to do JavaScript So you work hard on your JavaScript before you get into the bootcamp or whatever language you're using I'm just using a generic term and then once you're in the bootcamp you want to always stay ahead of the game You want to read up on something that you're gonna do doesn't mean you have to build a react app before you Do the react week but just read about react learn what it does learn what it is learn some terms like when they say a component What does that mean for me when I read on html the word Dom the document object model That literally saved my life that one word I got stuck on for a week But the best part was is that it was the week before we learned html So I was able to get that out of the way and when we walked into the html week I was Boosted with confidence because I knew what this word meant and I actually took the time to realize what it meant and and look Deeper into it and when we got to html I was like damn this stuff is super easy Whereas if I didn't prepare properly, then I saw this with a couple of my classmates You went into the week and that whole week you were stuck on all these words and you weren't actually able to focus on Playing with the frameworks and technologies and languages and whatever whatever you want to call it when it comes to trying to avoid Getting kicked out of bootcamp. It's pretty straightforward. You don't want to fall behind Obviously, I'm not gonna go over Things you could do to get kicked out when it comes to like Harassing someone I'm not gonna talk about that But what I'm gonna tell you is kind of the rules that I created for myself when I was in bootcamp When it came to asking questions to a mentor I tried to follow the rule of making sure I checked everything that includes Googling for 10 to 20 minutes just digging on the internet trying to figure out the solution on my own by finding someone else's solution If that didn't work, I would go through the process from step one to the last step That means following the code from where it first executes Until the air and trying to see along the way where it breaks where something could be going wrong Maybe talking out loud to somebody next to me or you know the rubber ducking method where you have like a rubber Duck in front of you and you talk to the duck and explain to it how your code works that worked really well for me It's just really weird if you do it in front of others Kind of have to do it in your head And then one thing you should always do as well is read the error message properly Dig through it see if you could trace back where the error went to and if you follow those Usually you are more than set if it's still not working and it's been you know 30 minutes 40 minutes 50 minutes Maybe an hour you can go to a mentor Which is what you're paying for in these bootcamps if we're being real right here If it's Mike talking to if you were not like the salesman trying to sell you a bootcamp Which I'll never do that The real thing with bootcamps is you're paying for mentors and you're paying for their time These are people who are in the industry who are working in the industry who possibly own a business in the industry And who are just trying to help others because they enjoy doing it or they want some more money And these are the people you should be taking advantage of not in a bad way But in a good way because that's what you're paying for when it comes to the curriculum of these bootcamps The only real way to say it is they're absolute garbage. They're not valued at ten thousand dollars They're really Udemy courses, but you've got mentors along the way That is that is the real answer. Like they can't revolutionize these curriculums in any way because the content is the same The only thing they could do is take a Udemy course and represent it to you in another way They can make it a cool website where you run code and it fails and tells you what's wrong with it And they can do all that stuff with the curriculum itself the core Things you're trying to learn each to mail CSS JavaScript or whatever you want C++ whatever it is Those things don't change and they can't sell you that for ten thousand dollars What they're selling you is the service of having someone available next to you physically or online Who can help you out throughout the way and you should take advantage of that all the time I knew that I was being annoying to the mentors. I knew that I was bugging them Constantly I would take every minute I would come an hour early to bootcamp and I would leave an hour late. I'm not saying you have to do that I'm a bit crazy. I do that stuff, but take advantage of the mentors while you can you are paying for that Use it up. Also one thing that they always talk about and it's so true never compare yourself to others There were there was people coming into my bootcamp There was people coming into my bootcamp class with degrees in computer science style degrees like computer engineering There was one dude who did chemical engineering, but he did programming within it Everyone comes into bootcamp at different levels and different speeds and hits the ground running at different speeds You got people coming in with possibly computer science degrees I've actually seen that before they had a computer science degree and then they went to code bootcamp And it was an absolute joke for them And you got people coming from art majors who have never seen a line of code and who barely know how to use a Google doc it's mixed and matched from all over the place And you should know that from the start that you are not ahead or behind anybody You just focus on yourself and your progress throughout the whole bootcamp if they were stuck on something day one Figure it out day one whether that's asking mentors or googling or watching videos But figure it out because bootcamps go so freaking fast that within a day or two if you fall behind You're probably gonna just be asked to sit and wait for the next bootcamp and just take your time on that one thing They don't have time to sit and and baby you along the way you got to stick with the pace and You got to do whatever that means you got to figure out whatever that means for you for me Watching videos on transit on the way there on the way home Just trying to relax and think objectively and I'll get emotional or anything like that really helped me along the way Taking a lot of breaks a lot of people didn't know this in my bootcamp, but a lot at the time I wasn't actually programming. I was just watching twitch streams and just like Slightly casually programming on the side and just running twitch streams in the back watching shroud shoe people and pub G Really relaxed me really helped me feel like I was at home because I work well at home And that's usually what I do sometimes it was an audiobook sometimes it was classical music But all you got to do is think clearly and slowly and take your time and when I say take your time I don't mean take two weeks to ask a question because you think you could have figured it out on your own Go through the steps think objectively. Have you tried everything you can yes, okay? Go ask a mentor It's not a big deal to get some help and it's gonna save you in the long run when you're at home And you're studying at home, and you're preparing for a job or when you're at the job It's a total different story You should take way more time to try and figure something out But when you're at bootcamp and we're talking a 12-week bootcamp where you're learning six days a week and every day is something new You don't have the time to to take you can't take that time It's just not possible the one this video wasn't really to scare you or anything like that And I realized I kind of got a little Too too deep there But the point of what I'm trying to say is you need to focus on your growth day by day And you need to make sure you don't get caught up in anything and focus on the long-term goal If this week is a week where you do a project and next week is a week where you learn react Focus on getting the project finished and then when you have free time when you're clear when you're calm Go read a bit up about react and whatever you're gonna learn next week Ahead of time so that you can just have an idea of the concept and also for me personally It kept me way more excited knowing what I was jumping into next week knowing that this week We're doing something and next week. We're doing something super awesome I was like I just want to get this week's work done so I could get on to the next week and just have fun with that Sometimes even on the weekend I'd be starting the week's work just because I was so excited to get to that week If you got any questions or you want to talk about your experience in a bootcamp or you Want to give advice to others? Please do comment it below or join my discord board We can talk about this mean you one-on-one or somebody who's going through the same experience I really think it would have helped me a lot if I had someone to talk to about this while I was going to bootcamp So if you want to do that the links are all below and the comment section is obviously below And I really hope this video helped you out if you did please give it a like Subscribe if you want to see more if you want to see any more types of these videos Just let me know and I'll see you in tomorrow's stream


So thanks everyone for coming to what is the last in the new direction of the history of warfare and violence seminar series being hosted here at the Sir Michael Howard Center for this year. For those of you who don't know me, my name is Dr Mark Kondos. I'm a lecturer in War Studies here at the Department of War Studies. And it is my great pleasure to introduce our speaker this evening, Dr Claire Bilby, who is a senior lecturer at the Center for Women's Studies at the University of York. Dr Bilby's work draws upon methods for cultural and literary studies and examines a variety of issues, including terrorism and gender, which I believe she'll be speaking about this evening. The relationship between violence, representation, gender, subjectivity and emotion, as well as the field of perpetrator studies. Dr Bilby is the author of violent women in print representations in West German print media of the 1960s and 1970s, which came out of 2012. And more recently, he's co-editor of perpetrating selves, doing violence, performing identity. Dr Bilby is also the co-PI on a DAD funded research project entitled Violence Elsewhere, Imagining Violence Outside Germany Since 1945. So I'll leave it to you, Claire. Please take it away and start your PowerPoint here. There we are. And I can just use the arrows. Okay, thanks very much, Mark. And thank you so much for the invite as well. It's really nice to be here. Thank you all for attending. And so my paper today is taken from a chapter on time and temporality provisionally titled Terrorist Time in my current monograph project, which explores a selection of post-terrorist autobiographies written by former members of West German leftist terrorist groups, the Red Army Faction, henceforth the RAF, and Movement 2nd of June. Emerging from the West German student or anti-authoritarian movement, which became increasingly radical from 1967, both groups formed in the early 1970s and were at the most active in that decade. The groups were marked as Leninist in orientation, inspired also by Latin American guerrilla struggles and strategy among other influences. Regarding themselves as guerrilla groups rather than terrorists with the legitimacy that that former term conferred on their violence, they saw themselves as part of a transnational armed struggle against capitalist imperialism. Now, of the texts that I focus on in my broader project, two of them are written by women. In the feats, Nevae Fuskels' 11-year design More Fearless, first published in 1996, and Mavit Shillers' Spine-Hartekamp for minor interval. Remembering the armed struggle is how it's been translated into English, first published in 1999. Also, of those texts, three are by men. Michel Bauman's The Alice Anfeng, how it all began at 1975, TMI of Schwarzwein, enemy of the state of 1996, and Karl-Heinz Deovo's Stas-Poliet-Tiersen-Vier, we are the projectile of 2007. Now, in the monograph, I'm particularly interested in how the intersecting categories of gender and class mark the subjectivities of these post-terrorist authors, and that both in the narrated past, but also in the narrating present. This is a context in which women and men were pretty much equally represented and pretty much leading equally dramatic lives in both groups. And women's roles in those groups in particular were a much-commented phenomenon in the 1970s and subsequently. Women's roles generated a great deal of misogynistic media coverage and speculation, indicative of gender trouble, not least in the context of the emergence of West Germany's second wave women's movement from 1968. So just to give you a bit of an overview of the project more broadly, key research questions for my book project are, what did it mean to be a terrorist and function as part of a terrorist organization in this cultural and historical context? What are the gender and class attractions of joining a terrorist organization and doing terrorism in this particular time and place? What cultural models or cultural narratives do these authors mobilise in order to render intelligible their use of violence and their political and historical agency? Finally, what do these texts have to tell us about the gendered and classed everyday life of and the affects and emotions bound up with terrorism? So coming to the topic of time, there are a number of reasons why I think that time matters for thinking about terrorism and that both in a general sense, also in the context of my particular case study with my research questions in mind. So first of all, and most generally, involvement in terrorism leads to particular experiences of time, to particular temporalities where temporalities is understood as the lived experiences of time or what's sometimes called subjective time. So here I'm thinking of things like the persistent threat of being shot, being blown up, sudden death, the persistent threat of arrest, the rapid rushing pace of undertaking a violent action, or alternatively, the monotonous repetitive and dragging quality of everyday life underground. Secondly, time matters with reference to my particular case study of West German leftist terrorism, not least as a phenomenon that grew out of the student movement or as it's often known, the anti-authoritarian movement. And one of the most exhilarating things for activists in West Germany and quite possibly elsewhere was a sense of living through a time of major epochal or historical change, and crucially too, though I think that this idea needs gendering, a sense of being a protagonist in or an agent of that historical change. So this is a context where revolution was widely believed to be round the corner, to be imminent. It was also believed that it was something that could be compelled through force of will. Activist Manfred Neuforder spoke retrospectively of the feeling of a generation that believed it was capable of radically changing the historical conditions within a short period of time with appropriate effort. More recently, historian Stephanie Pitzweiger has conceptualised the Zukunft's optimism in the future of what she understands as the masculine coded West German 68er movement. Meanwhile, historian Timothy Scott Brown has argued that West German new left activists had a particular awareness of the historical past and of their own historical agency, not least on account of Germany's national socialist past. The movement, he argues, was marked in a way that no other radical movement in history had been or has been since by the attempt to historicise and theorise itself in real time. Thinking now specifically of those who joined West German leftist terrorist groups, the revolutionary politics may nearly always have a forward orientation. The revolutionaries work for, they look forward to the revolution to come. West German terrorists arguably look forward in particular ways. And this was bound up with the theoretical underpinnings of these groups and their appropriation of Latin American guerrilla strategies. In particular, Che Guevara and Brigitte Gros' focus theory, which posited that an armed avant-garde should create the conditions for and thereby jump start or bring on the revolution through acts of guerrilla violence rather than the kind of classic Marxist idea that revolutionaries need to wait for the right objective conditions to be met. Finally, and this is what I'm focusing on today, time matters for thinking about gendered and class subjectivity, a key focus of my project more broadly. Building on classical phenomenological approaches to temporality and subjective experience, Simon de Beauvoir demonstrated in the second sets that temporality and gender are deeply entangled and that in the words of Megan Burke, how one lives time is constitutive of the kind of gender person one becomes. She elaborates, gender subjectivity and gender oppression are not merely phenomena in time, but temporalized and thus are lived as and through particular experiences of time. The notion of terrorist time, which I'm building this chapter around, is inspired by Julia Crestava's influential essay, Women's Time of 1979, but also by queer feminist approaches to temporality and to what has been called queer time. So Julia Crestava differentiated between the linear time of progress found up with the masculine and the repetitive cyclical time that she turns women's time and which is bound up with the feminine.  Terrorist time, I argue, came with its own paradigmatic markers of life experience, as is often captured in the chapter titles to these texts. And in my book, I struck to this chapter chronologically around four of these markers, namely politicization, joining or recruitment to an armed organization, life underground and leaving armed activism. I explore the construction of each of these stages in the terrorist life course, paying particular attention to how the categories of gender and class mark these authors' subjectivities and of course to the representation of time, temporality and not least the time of revolution. Now, given it's neither possible nor desirable for me to walk you through an entire chapter tonight, I want to focus in on a particular strand that has emerged with reference to the two women's texts. Drawing on a feminist phenomenology of temporality, I'm going to be arguing that joining a terrorist organization and at least in Inga Feet's case doing terrorism was attractive as it functioned as a means to escape what Burke has turned the passive present, a way to become what she turns temporal subjects whose experience of time is dynamic, open and potentially queer. This is just one strand of my chapter's broader argument which is that the attraction of joining and remaining in these terrorist organizations was bound up with the experience of time, with the experience of temporality and I'm very happy in the Q&A to pick up other strands to that argument. Now in making this argument with reference to women terrorists in particular, it's important to point out that my approach is not a means of undermining the political motivations of women terrorists by drawing attention to what could be considered more personal motivations, a strategy that we see for example in print media representations of women terrorists in the 1970s. Rather it's to take seriously the feminist mantra that the personal is political and it's to reject binaries such as personal and political. It's worth highlighting here I think that these same binaries tend to be reproduced in scholarship on violence and not least feminist scholarship on violence. So-called political violence and so-called personal violence tend to be held apart with distinct fields of scholarship devoted to their study which are rarely brought together. Apart from my broader interest in thinking about violence from a feminist perspective is to bring the field of what we could call feminist perpetrator studies into conversation with the body of scholarship on violence against women. So before I start just a bit of background on these two women so this is Inger Feet born in 1944 to an impoverished single mother. Feet was placed in foster care age six, raised in poverty and subjected to years of emotional and physical abuse. She moved to West Berlin's Kreuzberg district in her mid 20s where her politics became increasingly radical as she immersed herself in Berlin's leftist militancy. Feet joined the movement second of June in 1972 soon after its formation functioning as a core member of that group throughout the 1970s involved in two abductions among other violent actions. Arrested in 1972 and 1975, Feet escaped from prison on two occasions. After shooting and seriously injuring a police officer in Paris in 1981, Feet fled to the GDR along with several other RAF members as part of the so-called RAF-Stasi connection that she had helped to set up. She was arrested in Magdeburg in 1990 shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall and sentenced to 13 years in prison in 1992 before her eventual early release in 1997. Margaret Chiller was born in 1948 in a largely middle-class family. She attended university in Bonn and Heidelberg where she became involved in the radical socialist patients collective, many of whose members would go on to join the RAF. While in Heidelberg, Chiller agreed to let full RAF members stay in her flat in 1971 and her politics were deeply influenced by the conversations she had with those core members during this time. Soon after deciding to join the RAF in 1971, Chiller was arrested during a shootout with police and then she was imprisoned. Released in 1973, she swiftly rejoined the RAF but was arrested again in 1974 rather. Unlike Feet, Chiller's participation in armed operations was minimal and after requesting to be integrated with regular prisoners, though without renouncing the armed struggle or her past, she was released from prison in 1979. Okay, so first thinking about this passage or this moment in the terrorist life course of politicization. So with regard to the process of politicization, a trope that we see in Feet's and Chiller's texts is that of searching, suggesting that discovering or identifying one's revolutionary political agency and imagining a non-normative future for oneself was a particularly complex process for the female subject, regardless of class. So both women narrate a process of existential, non-directive searching. Chiller comments, my life as a student was not enough for me but I didn't yet know what I was looking for. At any rate, I was looking for some sort of meaning for my life. I became more and more aware of what I didn't want, nothing that was similar to my parental home, school, the Bonne new builder state or my work in the hospital, not this control, not this fear of others, not this barely hidden violence, not this order. I went in search. But Chiller is only able to imagine or at least narrate what she might want for her life. So the negative example of what she doesn't want and it's evident here she uses nothing not or in the German niche six times is telling. It points to the lack of life scripts available to women at that time and to the attendant difficulty of imagining a meaningful political existence, identity and future outside of the conventional. The quality of Chiller's non-directive searching, contrast strikingly with the concrete, directed and future oriented nature, a fellow male RAF member, Delvo searching in the prologue to his text. So he says it was with my participation in political action in Stockholm that I came to the RAF. I'd wanted to get there for years. I'd turned 23 a few days before and since 1971 I've been searching for political context that stood in unequivocal opposition to social relations. V2 narrates a strong sense of existential non-directive searching. Offer early 20 she explains, I attempted to find out what I was good at, what I wanted to do and what the meaning of everything was. I searched but I was searching like a blind woman who searches in the dark for cat that she's not convinced is even there. As well as indicating the lack of alternative life scripts for here the working class white woman at the time features explicit attention to the difficulty of imagining a future outside of the conventional. I don't even know what I'm searching for, she comments a few paragraphs earlier. I feel as though I'm being propelled towards emptiness on an invisible chain. So here a future that is not one of heterosexual futurity can only be visualized as emptiness. Both Schiller and Feet create a strong sense in their texts of the oppressive, gendered and classed life scripts that lay ahead of them and that they would ultimately reject. In Schiller's case emphasis is placed squarely on the heteronormativity of those scripts. Now where did I want to live or become like my parents? She asserts again in negative terms. Not that the teacher is always right, not the traditional two person relationship with its compulsory collective the nuclear family in which alternative opinions and feelings only counter this threat. Notably she juxtaposes making her decision to go underground with an explicit rejection of the heteronormative life course. A university friend whom I really liked surprisingly one day was a marriage proposal which he says let's get married, finish our degrees together and then have children. That was precisely not what I wanted and when he declared a three wishes it was as clear as ever to me. The other my new path was already close to me. I didn't know where it would lead me. It may well end in imprisonment or death but for the first time I had the feeling that I was living the right way. So here the attraction of life underground and of what I'm calling terrorist time for in this case the middle class female subject can usefully be understood alongside theoretical approaches to queer time. That Shilla was in a lesbian relationship at this point having made the decision to distance herself from men in the context of her growing feminist critique of patriarchal relationships and structures makes this reading all the more apposite. As Halba Stammer asserts what has made queerness compelling has to do with the way it has the potential to open up new life narratives and alternative relations to time and space. Queer time they continue is also about the potentiality of a life unscripted by the conventions of family, inheritance and child rearing. Shilla does not know where this alternative queer queering path will lead her but it has potential not least because it allows her to reject heteronormativity and reproductive futurity. But Shilla's path may result in prison or death here is irrelevant to her. Longevity as the most desirable future in Halba Stammer's words is rejected. Instead Shilla chooses existential meaningfulness and a sense of living authentically whatever that might mean and here we see the huge influence of existentialist philosophy on new left actors, political actors in the West German context. Consciously or otherwise she picks up the narrative technique of Russian anarchist Vera Fickner in her memoirs of a revolutionist first published in 1927. As Dominique Rousal has argued of that text joining an illegal organization is presented as a radical break from the old traditional life of marriage, family and other intergenerational ties. This points towards a longer history and a potentially developing paradigm of the revolutionary woman who here queers heteronormative temporality in choosing to join the armed struggle. In the first chapter of Feet's text devoted to her childhood and adolescence she emphasizes the oppressive nature of the working class gendered life scripts that lay before her. Directly after a lengthy account of a local farmer, Feddison's attempted rape of her and this is something that happened routinely she tells us in passing, Feet recalls how she resumed her paper and delivering newspapers to a nearby farm. Sweating and with a red face she says I entered the large kitchen with its enormous stove and its equally enormous ladles dishes and sauce pans. The thought that in a few years I was to stand here or elsewhere scouring, lifting, stirring and washing these monsters horrified me. I stood there unhappily with a dark future ahead of me in the context of a horrendous present. The horrifying prospect of a life of domestic labour for young Feet is experiences of dark future here revealing substantial class differences in the two women's experiences and imaginable futures. A trope in Feet's text that underscores the misery and violence of particularly working class but also queer women's lives is that of life as prison and I think that the fact that Feet routes whilst in prison first is an example of prison literature is also no doubt substantially influencing the choice of this metaphor although it's one that Schiller mobilises on occasion as well. After recounting the incident of attempted rape, Feet reflects, I thought of Fedeson and those like him, of the woman of work tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, every day. I yearned to be away from here but I didn't know where nor what I was yearning for. I didn't know anything else. My existence was a prison. I was jailed and I began to square scramble walls for an exit. The Feet obviously longs to be away from her horrifying present which experiences as a form of imprisonment that stretches out ahead of her. Yet again she's unable to imagine what an alternative future might look like and that this failure of imagination is associated with her rape here may be no coincidence. As feminist trauma theorists have discussed, sexual violence can profoundly affect women's lived experience of time and of what possible futures might be available to them. In her powerful philosophical reflection on her experience of a violent sexual assault and its aftermath, Susan J Bryson refers to her sense of a foreshortened future as one of several PTSD symptoms. Meanwhile feminist trauma psychiatrist Bonnie Burstow has commented that survivors of rape tend to become frozen in time. With Beauvoir who writes in the context of late 1940s France, the idea of having a foreshortened future on account of rape or otherwise or of having difficulty in imagining one's future can be extended to women more broadly though in her case likely white middle class women and to what we might call normative femininity. So according to Beauvoir normative feminine socialization leads to women becoming violently cut off from both past and future as a result of three key life events, girlhood, heterosexual initiation and marriage which in the words of Megan Burke annex a woman into the universe of men to the world that is for men such that she comes to exist as their plaything and crucially which severs the girl's claim to freedom. These heteronormative life events lead to women becoming confined to what Burke has termed the passive present. To become a woman in the misogynist style that is to assume a feminine existence says Burke is to take up a particular relation to time through relentless imposition and existential burden. It is to assume or embody a passive present a temporal mode of waiting such that a woman's redundant experience of the present becomes her she is the present. Taking Beauvoir's ideas as a starting point Burke has theorized the temporality of feminine existence in latently or manifestly violent patriarchal society as the passive present. In particular she emphasizes how what she terms the spectres of violence that is the embodied threat and fear of sexual violence leads girls and women to experience the world as unsafe to live a heightened vulnerability to worry to be apprehensive and ultimately live in fear and this she argues keeps them bound to the present. She also draws attention somewhat appropriately to what she terms the carceral logic at the heart of the temporality of feminine existence. The application of the metaphor of life of prison to all women's lives later in the text evokes this passive present narrating her first prison break she comments women's seldom break out they're used to suffering waiting and hoping sometimes they attempt to stretch strength their role perhaps managing to explode it if they have the strength sometimes they break out of their life as prison escaping it with difficulty but this prison made of steel keys and concrete this absolute power overpowers women with a hope for sense of finality which allows for no further thoughts about the coming the feet emphasizes here the passivity and confinement to the present of women's lives she also highlights the sense of inescapable finality the stubbornness of this position rather than any movement forward which allows for no thoughts of an imaginable future so feet may be discussing all women in general here one woman the designation woman seems not to apply to is feet herself and know how she uses the pronoun they rather than we feet by this point has managed to break out both literally from jail and metaphorically through dramatically even violently exploding her gendered life script in becoming a member of a militant organization when it comes to the representation of joining or in feet's case being recruited to a terrorist organization it's striking how in the text written by male post terrorist authors the precise moment of going underground functions as a sort of narrative non-event suggesting that taking this step was a self-evident organic development for the white working class male subject or at least suggesting the desire to portray it that way by contrast in shillers of beats texts joining the wrath and movement second of june respectively is accorded a great deal of narrative emphasis indicating that this process was a significant development for them and perhaps also indicating that they along with their editors are anticipating an appetite on the part of their readership for exciting sensational detail with regard to the process of a woman going underground now shillers account of allowing core wrath members on week and mine half and pay a spider etc to stay in her heidelberg flat sees her vomiting a bodily response that she explains with reference to her gendered and class upbringing and a dramatic rupture with that upbringing she says I was in the process of breaking the essential norms and values that I've been brought up with it been drilled into me that criminality and violence in and of themselves are evil that you don't support law breakers you hand them over to the police the chapter encountering the wrath ends with the memorable image of shiller together with ex-girlfriend gabby burning away purging even her old identity as she joyfully and fearlessly imagines a new path in the armed struggle fear I had none at all she says rather I felt an unknown strength gabby and I burnt away all my photos keepsakes and letters in the loo gabby was sad but I wasn't I knew where my path was now leading me from existential and ultimately directionless searching articulated primarily in negative terms shiller now narrates a sense of direction a positive path forward and an albeit as yet unknown open future for herself as she cuts herself off from her past and her past self meanwhile in feats account of being recruited into movement second of june when two male members of that group visit her in her flat and raise this possibility with her feet slows down the narration fleshing out the scene with detail and using the present tense for emphasis what's noteworthy particularly given the degree to which she was already involved in militant activism by this point is her surprise at being asked to join the group she recalls her response to the question of whether she'd ever considered working more closely with movement second of june as follows now I have them legal work activism and situational militancy completely occupied me until now I support the armed struggle of course and don't question its legitimacy or necessity in any way but my word me myself as part of the armed struggle I'd not yet hate this conclusion myself but feet seems to have reached this point in her militant politics without imagining a future in which she might join an armed group arguably attests to the lack of discursive space for women to imagine themselves as radical and armed political actors at that time interpreted through the lens of both war and burq the passage can be read as further indication of feats confinement to the passive present certainly feats surprise at being invited to join movement second of june contrasts with how delvo and mire represent themselves as making the decision themselves to go underground and then waiting impatiently for their opportunity it contrasts to with how certain male authoritarian anti-authoritarian activists were experiencing the future as open to them in the late 60s as piltzweger details in her study 68 is Hans Joachim Hermeister and Peter Schneider saw the revolution of sorry had no trouble imagining their post-revolution futures in the most concrete of ways she says in the late 60s they saw the revolution approaching and were therefore already discussing which of them would take a what political office in the future in their fantasy distribution of government offices the position of culture minister was highly attractive to the protesters interesting too in feats account of her recruitment is how she reflects on the example of her flat raid flatmate even and comrade Verena Becker she says Verena barely involves herself in the discussion and i realized that she's known for a long time what she wants suddenly behind the mischievous face of a girl i discover a resolute young woman now it's possible that as with reference to herself it's simply not been thinkable for feats that becker might have joined an armed group even though there are plenty of examples of women revolutionaries operating in west germany at this time feat narrates the process of becker joining the armed struggle here as a sort of gendered coming of age providing an interesting variant on the prussian construction of the military as Birn-Schule den-Azul so school of the nation where conscription according to historian Utolf Levert was imagined as part of a young man's coming of age echo in shiller who clearly juxtaposed her decision to join the wrath with a more conventional life course that was scripted for her feat constructs what could be seen as a queer query temporality for the revolutionary woman here but the passage could equally be read as the woman revolutionary entering christaven linear patriarchal time and therefore is not very queer at all while constructions such as this contribute further to what's emerging as a paradigm of the revolutionary woman it's notable that feat applies this coming of age narrative to her friend rather than to herself perhaps suggesting an inability or at least a reluctance to fully identify with such paradigm so as i've been demonstrating part of what made joining a terrorist organization attractive for feats and shiller at least as they retrospectively construct it in their autobiographies of course is that it allowed them to escape their passive normative life course their passive present the carceral logic at the heart of the temporality of feminine existence it allowed them to imagine an open possibly queer queer in future to imagine themselves as temporal subjects with a dynamic experience of time while life underground certainly lived up to expectations for feats it clearly did not for shiller now she's the only one of my five posterity authors to emphasize the monotonous dragging and repetitive temporality of life underground which is represented as a sort of christaven women's time and it contrasts very strikingly with the excitement and urgency of lived time underground as represented in particular in feats and maya's texts life underground for shiller for the most part then entailed returning to this passive present and she only really is able to escape it when she leaves the raft whilst in jail and becomes integrated among regular prisoners by contrast for feats operating underground as part of the um um struggle came with existential meaningfulness a sense of connection to past present and future and with a sense of freedom as least that she at least as she narrates it as part of a lengthy reflection on life underground around 1973 she recalls and it's a long quote um she recalls i enjoyed my new life in the underground i had a proud strong feeling of complete devotion to something that the best of humanity had been devoted their power and lives to centuries to the liberation of humanity to a society without classes this girl was like a hazy distant sun yet it was a powerful magnetic future the revolution was not yet really conceivable but the revolution you struggle for this girl was now possible i was out there i was simply new something distinctive never in my life as i'm more certain or fearless as during this time underground the space that emitted a new way of being outside of the ugly world never was i more free never was i more bound to my own sense of responsibility as in this condition of complete separation from state authority and from social requirements with its notion with its emphasis on notions of authenticity freedom and responsibility the passage again demonstrates the influence of existentialist philosophy read through a gendered lens reference to something new to something distinctive but also feats use of the term abalom which makes literally the cutting of the bill of accord gesture towards the time space of the underground as facilitating a form of rebirth for the woman revolutionary freedom as opposed to life as prison in ways that recall Schiller's dramatic purging of identity when taking the decision to go underground. Chamber Byron may have written of the rebirth of the male guerrilla fighter in socialism and the new man but it is only in the women's texts that joining the armed struggle is formulated in such drastic terms as a form of rebirth or is becoming a new kind of woman and later on in in a feats text and with reference to quite tongue in cheek comments made by male comrades from that group with regards to the supposed dominance of women and supposed dominance of working class comrades in movements second of june feet alludes to how joining the armed struggle and how doing terrorism enabled a woman to in a sense become a new kind of woman and she talks about for instance the film and unfolding of our autonomy as women the encompassing development of abilities that men were not accustomed to in women. So as I said at the start of this presentation what I've been discussing is just one strand of a bigger chapter whose broader argument is that the attraction of joining a terrorist organization and doing terrorism was bound up with the experience of time, the experience of temporality and just to give you an example of other stuff that I'm covering in that chapter which glad that people in the Q&A and another argument I'm making is that joining the armed struggle was among other things a way to ward off the temple crisis that came with the collapse of the 68er movement and that came with the shattering realization that revolution is no longer around the corner. Thank you very much.


to this class of dynamics of a structure. In this class, we would be learning how to analyze structures and systems subject to dynamic loads. So, we will start the course by simplifying systems to a single degree of representation or a multi-degree of freedom representation. And for both type of representation, we will see how to analyze those systems subject to different type of loadings which we might encounter in real life. And some of those loadings could be initial condition or it could be harmonic or periodic motion or it can also include the arbitrary pulse type motions or triangular loading and those are simply representation of different type of loads that they are subjected to. And then we will also look at that how to analyze single and multi-degree of freedom system subject to non-uniform or non-purity loading which could include earthquake or seismic loading or wind type loading. And we will learn about numerical methods that can be employed to find out solutions or the response of system subject to dynamic loads in cases where the analytical solutions might not be available. Then we will look it into the simplifying continuous structural members so that they can be analyzed a single degree of freedom system and we will see the concept of shape function and shape vector. Then we will get into multi-degree of freedom system and learn about what do we mean by mode shapes and modal frequencies. And then we will see how to analyze multi-degree of freedom system subject to different type of loadings using modal superposition methods and how to extend that through different analysis methods as well. And towards the end of this course we are going to look at some real life examples of dynamics of structures which are utilized to analyze or design specific type of seismic protective systems. So, by end of this course you would have adequate knowledge to interpret the behavior of structure subject to dynamic loads as well as you will possess the required skills to find out the response of the structures subject to dynamic loads. All right, thank you.


section 37 important events connected with the general's life and work this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Tom Hirsch 1827 January 17th Catherine Mumford afterwards Mrs. Booth born at Ashbourne Derbyshire April 10th William Booth born at Nottingham 1844 conversion of Catherine Mumford and William Booth 1852 April 10th William Booth entered the Methodist ministry 1855 June 16th marriage of William Booth and Catherine Mumford 1856 March 8th birth of William Bremwell now general Booth 1859 Mrs. Booth's first pamphlet Female Ministry published 1861 commenced to travel as revivalist 1865 July 5th commenced mission work in east of London first headquarters opened in Whitechapel Road 1868 Christian mission commenced work in Scotland 1870 publication of how to reach the masses by the Reverend W Booth 1875 publication of the first volume of music 1878 first deed poll signed legally constituting the Christian mission Christmas the name of the Christian mission altered to the Salvation Army and Reverend William Booth assumed the title of general first core flag presented by Mrs. Booth practical Christianity by Mrs. Booth published 1879 December 29th publication of the first number of the war cry formation of the first Salvation Army band at Consette 1880 headquarters removed to Queen Victoria Street opening of the work in the United States and Australia opening of first training college publication of first orders and regulations godliness by Mrs. Booth published 1881 work extended to France first number of the little soldier issued 1882 opening of the Congress Hall and international training college at Clapton marriage of W. Bramwell Booth and Captain Florence Soap work extended to Switzerland Canada Sweden and India publication of life and death by Mrs. Booth first prison gate home opened in London 1883 work extended to South Africa and New Zealand 1884 the training of children by the general published first ban journal issued first rescue home opened 1885 all the world first published criminal law amendment act passed trial and a quiddle of W. Bramwell Booth 1886 death of the Army's first French martyr the general paid his first visit to France the United States and Canada first international Congress held in London work extended to Germany musical salvationist published self-denial week established first orders and regulations for field officers published and first orders and regulations for staff officers published 1887 thousand British cores established first slum settlement established work extended to Holland Denmark and Zulu land first Crystal Palace anniversary demonstration auxiliary league founded general paid his first visit to Denmark Sweden and Norway popular Christianity by Mrs. Booth published 1888 first food depot opened at Limehouse work extended to Norway Argentine Finland and Belgium June 21st Mrs. Booth gave her last public address 1889 the petition for the Sunday closing of public houses with 436,500 signatures presented to the House of Commons by the general publication of the Deliverer general visited Belgium Denmark Sweden and France 1890 25th anniversary of the Army celebrated at the Crystal Palace October 4th Mrs. Booth's death October 13th funeral service at Olympia 36,000 present October 14th funeral at Abney Park publication of in darkest England by the general 1891 work extended to Italy and Uruguay general first visited South Africa Australia New Zealand and India 1000 pounds subscribed for darkest England scheme general signed darkest England trust deed opening of industrial and land colony at Hadley Essex publication of social Gazette 1892 general visited Denmark Germany and Switzerland publication of life of Catherine Booth 1892 work extended to West Indies 1893 general visited Denmark Sweden Belgium Holland and Norway 1894 international Congress in connection with the generals Jubilee held in London general visited America and South European countries work extended to Java 1895 general visited South Africa Australia and various European countries work extended to Japan and British Guiana naval and military League established 1896 general visited Germany Sweden Switzerland and Denmark preached to 12,000 in Kings Gardens Copenhagen first Salvation Army exhibition Agricultural Hall London work extended to Malta 1897 general inspected work in European countries 1898 general visited United States Canada and European countries orders and regulations for social officers published 1899 second Salvation Army exhibition Agricultural Hall visited Australia New Zealand Salon and European countries officers sent to the front to work amongst both sides in the South African War 1900 general visited European countries 1901 general visited European countries opening of first inebriates home at Hadley 1902 general visited United States Canada and European countries publication of religion for every day by the general 1903 general visited America Canada and European countries received by President Roosevelt 1904 June 24th the general received by his majesty King Edward the 7th at Buckingham Palace June 25th International Congress opened by the general in London July 23rd general received by Her Majesty Queen Alexandra at Buckingham Palace August commenced his motor campaign work extended to Panama general visited various European countries 1905 general visited Palestine Australia and various European countries first emigration ship sails from Liverpool for Canada with 1000 immigrants the general created honorary DCL Oxford general received Freedom Cities of London and Nottingham 1906 establishment of anti-suicide Bureau general conducted lengthy campaigns continental countries 1907 general visited Japan America Canada etc. general received by Kings of Denmark and Norway and Queen of Sweden and Emperor of Japan 1908 work extended to Korea general visited South Africa 1909 general visited Russia Finland and other European countries general received by Kings of Norway and Sweden general received by Prince and Princess of Wales now King and Queen of England general received by Queen Alexandra and the Dowager Empress of Russia 80th birthday celebration at Albert Hall London met with accident involving loss of sight in one eye 1910 general visited various European countries 1911 general visited Italy and other European countries general conducted International Social Council in London attended by officers from all over the world 1912 general visited North European Staff Council in Norway May 23rd operation on remaining I followed by complete loss of sight August 20th the general laid down his sword end of section 37 recording by Tom Hirsch end of the authoritative life of general William Booth by George Scott Railton