Okay, I guess we can start hello everyone welcome to this sustainable con session and I'm I'm Chen I'm Chen Wang so the talk is mainly prepared by Fan Jingmeng and Hua Yif from IBM China, but unfortunately they cannot attend this session Due to visa issues So I'm here to help them deliver the session and if you have some questions Feel free to reach out to them directly and by the way, I'm also in Sustainability work, so I'm also interested in sustainable computing and Fan Jing is actually the CTO from IBM China System Lab and She is now leading the full stack sustainability optimization and technical innovation in IBM China and Hua Yif is the senior technical solution architect of full stack sustainable optimization in computing and then so actually the the sustainability is a rapidly particularly growing area of focus for many organizations and The IBM Institute for business value Conducted some survey and asked all the CEOs about Business challenges that kept them up at night and 51% of the named sustainability as their Greatest challenge for the next three years and this number is has been going up 32% since 2021 so in order to make an impact and reach the goals they have set for themselves companies will have to rely on New technologies and transformations so If we look at the data center energy consumption It's around like 200 and 250 terawatts upwards Which is roughly the same as the total electricity usage in Australia So the solution seems pretty obvious But companies just have to find a way using technology to reduce their energy consumption Making your infrastructure more efficient and your data center greener and So how how can we improve the efficiency of your infrastructure? Reducing your energy consumption and have a dark impact on your sustainability goals. So here We will share some lessons and practices. We have conducted in IBM you by using leveraging all types of open source tools so So Okay so Before we start to talking about the technical details and all the solutions we want to answer what is sustainable computing and Actually IBM and CICT which is China Academy of Information and Communication Technology is a sync tank under Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to gather published the sustainable computing blue paper Early this year and then it's mainly led by a funding and then you can see her picture here and in this blue paper IBM and CICT gave the definition of Sustainable computing as a new computing model which takes environmental friendliness as objective and IT software it includes IT software and hardware supporting facilities of business applications as key elements and It wants to achieve a globally green efficient reliable secure as a key marrable aspects for sustainable computing so they In the blue paper, they codify the key concept into a three cube model and then on the front side is our different stacks of the system including technical components within the sustainable computing such as Sustainable business applications the sustainable cloud computing platform and sustainable computing infrastructure on the top side They show the four dimensional measurement system of sustainable computing including you need to achieve the security and the compliance you need to achieve the stability and reliability and you need to have a confident and efficient operations and You want to achieve the greenies and low carbon objectives? So on the right side is really how the organizations are implementing those road map along the maturity of sustainable including four stages like you first you need to do complying with Achieve compliance optimize the The energy efficiency transform and Then the organization can choose to lead the whole industry So the blue paper is available in Chinese from the link shown here, and then they are also working on an English version Yeah It's just going on Okay, so In addition to the concept and the definition of the sustainable computing In the blue paper, they also give some details about the technical architecture of key components You probably want to include in your Sustainable objectives in your organization So we start from the top. We believe that all these sustainable computing should well align with the Strategy and sustainable development goals of your organization then we should have the sustainable business applications to support the strategy and sustainable development goals and it Could include ESG management system line of a business management system including core business systems business operations supply chain carbon emission management green energy transformation and Exceptional and further we should have a sustainable cloud computing technology and platform To deploy those business applications It can include the hyper cloud that the AI platform IOT blockchain and big data platform Besides the full stack security and the compliance and operations and many platforms Should also be considered as part of the sustainable goals so finally it needs a sustainable computing infrastructure to support this platform it includes the Sustainable IT infrastructure environmental infrastructure key Enablement of technologies. So this is the whole stack of the architecture in terms of sustainable computing and About the next aspect is how these Stacks are implementable. So in order to accelerate the implementation of the Sustainable computing. So we gave this four-stage method It gives an organization an option to select the right goal to meet their overall sustainable development goals The four goals are like four steps of complying organized transformation and lead so in complying We want to ensure Organizations meet the mandatory the mandatory compliance requirements for example the POE objective the resource utilization The service level agreement of their business applications and then to optimize It means we can take sustainability as their goal to optimize the organizations operations by improving in internal business operation Efficiency supply chain to reduce the carbon emissions then at the transform stage You want to leverage this opportunity to build new capabilities to transfer organizations business towards their sustainability goals and The organization then can choose to lead the whole industry drive the whole value chain and industry to take the the advantage of Sustainability in the market and lead the competition So it's not necessary to implement them in order But they can decide which stage they want to achieve and to define the strategy road map and actions to achieve it and In order to validate this concept They develop an integrated solutions of full stack sustainability optimization platform It's fully data driven So they collect the real-time streaming data from the full stack from layer zero Where it's the building and assets a two layer for which include all the business applications then they apply observability system a lot of them as from open source To realize those monitoring data transaction tracing data IoT data energy consumption data and etc and then They consume those data to analyze the energy flow to identify the energy consumption hotspots resource utilization where you can do more improvement and optimization and then potential failures and anomalies And even the non-compliant security issues. So finally they apply the automation of those To fulfill this identified optimization opportunities for example to schedule workflow in a certain way to save power to remedy identified issues to maintain equipments with AI and Even augmented reality support to make all the optimization easier So they develop the solution into IBM China System Center for daily operations. You can see the whole overlay of the their System Center and then they have improved the SLA and saved about 15% cost by applying the solutions in their daily stand-up meetings and help them identify any optimization opportunities and it's open for customers with it demo testing POC pilot and co-creation and I think that's the then They prepare a very nice demo So this is the whole platform Stack that includes a lot of open-source software and commercial applications to create this unique and powerful solution that cater to specific need and You can enjoy the benefits of community-driven development cost-saving customizations still ability and comprehensive support because of those open-source tools and So next I think I'm going to play their demo video Could you could you help with the blue screen? Oh, cool. I need to hold it Okay For data center cooling You also have backup air-cooled trailer and the other equipment to ensure efficient cooling operations Inside the data center server, various network cable trees are placed to serve different purpose This house is a network for high-speed connections and the fiber of cables for storage in every networks The layout of the hot-air contaminant system greatly addressed the cooling challenges of high-performance computing equipment This is the backbone of the data center responsible for routing switching and the screwing all network data It plays a vital role in ensuring the seamless connectivity and the safeguarding network security Now we will share our experience and the insights on how to manage and operate the data center using open-source software First let's introduce Dashie our go-to navigator for the daily tool we use Dashie not only helps engineer categorize different tools based on their needs But also allows for monitoring and diversification of corresponding metrics To monitor various type of data center infrastructure and equipment We utilize the SNP exporter to collect operating metrics across different dimensions such as environmental, power and cooling devices These metrics are then aggregated in premises and Zabix In case of problems happens, tools like uptime kuma and chat-offs come into play Centralizing alert notifications through pager-duty By integrating with ITSM platforms and IT Enterprise Asset Minimum Tools like IBM Control Desk Engineers are permanently notified based on severity and alarm rules Allowing for quick issue resolution Real-time operational metrics from IoT devices are also fed into maximum Ominous Age Combined with advanced analytics and machine learning capabilities This enables proactive fault detections and prevent from application and system failures To simplify the deployment of container management, we often rely on tools like POTENOR First-most virtualization environment is our trusted solution for managing 86 sovereign virtualization environments Ansible playbooks automate routine operational tasks such as software installation, service configuration and power volume resolutions TUNAS help us in managing and maintaining the storage devices, volumes and file system within the data center Through various storage protocols like NFS, SMB and iSCSI Data can be easily shared and accessed To handle the vast amount of daily logs generated in the data center We rely on the open-source tools like ELK and Grafana Loki To efficiently investigate error and mourning in the logs Additionally, we use Grafana Temple to trace and record the request chains between different services Enabling comprehensive monitoring and management of cross-system request flows We aggregate different kinds of metrics and logs from IT infrastructure using software like Prometheus and Zebix Based on specific requirements, Grafana allows us to create a customer dashboard to analyze the KPIs and monitor the overall business operations status If we reserve alert from our business applications, we immediately use Instana to diagnose the problem and allocate the root cause Usually, we drill down to diagnose the problem from the entry of the application service In the application of the ability dashboard, we can find the normal service with an alarm We can conduct in-depth transaction call action analysis and analyze the error log to fix the problem We also use the application of the ability dashboard for our website monitoring by analyzing actual browser request times and page loading times It allows detailed insight into the web browsing experience of the users and the deep visibility into application call passes We can easily locate the reason of slow access to understand how to continuously improve efficiency We opened the real-time sustainable development indicators including energy consumption, carbon emission, SLA of all layers of the entire IT operation system We can easily check the energy efficiency data which we also called power utilization effectiveness of the current data center and the data of the last year This is calculated based on the energy consumed by IT equipment and facilities as well as the total energy consumption of the data center The data on the current page is displayed and calculated according to the time frame we selected and the data is constantly refreshed and changed For example, the real-time carbon emission of data and the data changed during this period The pie chart on the right clearly shows the energy consumption ratio occupied by each component of the current data center For example, the blue part is the IT systems The yellow part is the trailer and cooling tower The green part is the indoor cooling system and the red part is the backup cooling and the circulating water pump If we want to learn more about the changes in the energy efficiency of each part We can see more details related to different platforms and business applications at the bottom of the page GISCAN greatly helps data center operation and maintenance people to understand the current status and the reasons for changes in carbon emissions and energy consumption data So as to help us make plans to improve utilization efficiency and reduce unnecessary waste of resources We can also understand real-time energy usage through energy flow analysis to identify possible energy efficiency improvement solutions AI-based data analysis provides us the current hotspot hardware for energy usage and automatically suggests the job scheduler to suspend scheduling tasks to that hardware Spectrum RSI provides a variety of intelligent scheduling strategies to automatically match tiered electricity price For example, during the time of day when electricity prices are high, the throughput of the cluster is reduced and some common or low parity drops are killed During the time when electricity prices are low, the throughput of the cluster is improved, the amount of the drops will be killed for execution In this example, the electricity price is lowest during the time period from 11pm to 7am We set the maximum number of the operable drops in the cluster to 96 and set it to a relatively low number in the time period with higher electricity cost The current time is 1.30am, according to the intelligent scheduling strategy of ILSF, this cluster is running at full load, that is 96 drops are being executed When the time is 1.20pm, the number of drops can be run by the cluster is 48 Now, let's take a look at the graph of the overall operation of the cluster over the past day We can see that, according to the intelligent scheduling strategy, the throughput of the cluster matches the tiered electricity price curve So that the goal of the reducing energy consumption of the cluster will be achieved We also leveraged the resource measurement tool to find the suggestions for energy saving and reliability in performance Terminomics provides optimization suggestions including delete, resize, move, suspend, provision and reconvict with no impact to the business applications This can be applied to different kinds of resource, server storage, virtual machines, application components and databases For example, we can shut down the idle physical server to improve the sustainable indicators Now, let's check back to the sustainable monitoring dashboard The energy efficiency ratio has been improved, and both the energy consumption and carbon emission have also been decreased And we also use NVIDIA to capture and analyze the electricity and emission data to check the performance of our work As you can see, the detailed data on emissions reductions With more detailed data such as PUE, total electricity and IT electricity sync with NVIDIA We can have more insight of our business workload and take more effective actions Sometimes we need experts to assist the data center technicians to resolve the problem remotely Maximum assist helps reduce the time that it is required to diagnose and repair the equipment problem For example, with the support of argument reality and AI powered guidance through a knowledge-based of equipment data The on-site technicians can easily get assistance from the assist mobile app And successfully diagnose the problem and repair the malfunction cooling tower Which is a very critical facility for data center cooling From the demo we can see there are different key components and optimizations that the whole stack platform has And then let's go through those components one by one now First, the monitoring part Real-time monitoring data pipeline assistance for the whole stack And it monitors both IT and non-IT infrastructures And then we actually deployed over 900 sensors to collect the power consumption The environmental metrics like temperature, humidity and air quality Monitor the whole software stack in biometals, virtual machines, containers and at the application levels And we use both commercial and open source software in this data pipeline And then we especially rely on a lot of open source tools such as permissions, the ABECs And others like Instana, PRTG, Omniu and etc So together we make the whole solutions very, that can be flexibly customizable for different objectives and involvement And so for each personal customer then they can actually have their own dashboard to visualize the metrics in their interest For example, data center general managers can have the real-time PUE, yearly average PUE data, total power consumption data, carbon emission, power distributions among equipment types And then the chief sustainability officer can have an overall reporting dashboard of the key metrics of the computing Including the total power consumptions, IT power consumptions and PUE So SREs can have more fine-grained power consumptions by rows or racks or even at the virtual machine levels and container level And analytics can analyze how power flow distributes within the whole system They can build power models for each node and identify the high spot of power consumption for further analysis of potential opportunities of optimization That key works but the forward key doesn't Okay so for business related management like application performance management It's one of the key systems to ensure the availability, reliability of applications And then in our heterogeneous environment we can have one stop observability of the whole environment And we can visualize the mainframe, the Linux one, the x86 and public cloud in the same dashboard And then besides it allows our SREs to drill down into the details of the services with the tracing data to get real-time service interactions So it can also allow us to analyze services, individual costs and even drill down to the code So it can give SREs a very flexible way to diagnose the problems and allocate the root cause of those problems Or potential opportunities for the energy optimization So then application resource management tools such as Turbanomics can help analyze the monitoring data and recommend optimization actions For continuous improvement of application reliability and resource utilization So the analyze results gives you some actionable insights about application failure avoidance, how to avoid failures And how to, whether there are idling or overclimb the resource and then how can you optimize those to reduce your total energy consumption And the users can also check the recommended actions and take just one click execution to automate those actions And so about consolidating workloads to improve the sustainability They achieve 75% power saving and application performance improvement So high density workload consolidation can improve the efficiency of power utilization a lot And as well as guarantee the performance and reliability of the workload And this is one example, so they consolidated workloads from a cluster of x86 servers to Linux 1 server to achieve over 75% energy saving and resource utilization improvement Meanwhile, the application performance and reliability have been improved as well And besides, we can measure the fine green power energy consumptions For example, I was presenting the project helper last year in open source summit as well So it gives you a detailed measurement of how each container on microservice is consuming the energy And then at the same time, you can leverage tools like permissions and Instana to understand the performance So you understand the trade-off between application performance and power consumption And then this year, they also enable the Kepler project on Linux 1 platform And which allows application developers to get the detailed microservice level power consumption And in this way, you can easily find the bottlenecks to improve your power consumption And so then intelligent energy aware and high performance workload scheduling is also useful So they also have the intelligent workload scheduling strategies to aim to schedule the workload based on different objectives For example, you want lower power price or you want the best performance and you want to maximize your resource utilization Such scheduling system or strategies are available both within the cluster and across clusters For the asset management, just as you have seen in the demo, IoT data provides real-time status of those equipment And then AI and AR techniques can help analyze this data to provide the health status and the cycle of life for production assets And then for any detected anomalies, the system can diagnose the problem based on the knowledge graph they constructed across different assets Then the onsite engineer can maintain the equipment with technologies such as AI and AR-based collaboration with remote engineers So environment sustainability metrics, those metrics can also automatically flow into the ESG reporting system So it gives the chief sustainability officer the latest performance like in the fine granularity of 15 minutes about those data all real-time And then they can analyze those data and take actions to achieve their EGS goals immediately So this is a really big teamwork integrating a lot of commercial software and open source tools And this presentation is based on a big team's great work And we appreciate all the contributors to these full stacks of vulnerabilities and their pictures that show here And we welcome more discussions in the open source communities and hopefully our practices can be useful to your own organization as well And thank you. If you have more questions, please reach out to Fanjin and Yehua directly. Those are their emails Thank you Thank you Okay, thank you for staying And yeah, I'm mainly, I myself mainly in the container and Kubernetes platform So it was part of the Kepler project and I presented it last year And then for the full stacks, solutions, Fanjin and Yehua are the main persons to reach out Thank you so much You did very good. Thank you for your presentation. Much appreciated Yeah, that was very impressive to see a 75% reduction You said that they used Linux 1 on the hardware. Is this a specific operating system or is this also an architecture that is different? Because it sounds like from the writing it said from x86 to Linux 1 And I'm like, oh, is that risk? Is that something else that I have not understood or? Yeah, thank you for the question. That's very interesting. That's a very good question Yeah, it's the architecture has different and this is a particular IBM developed architecture Oh, okay System architecture. So and I'm not in that team and if you want to know more details about it You can reach out to them directly. Yeah Thank you. Very good I think that was my main question from all this. It was very interesting to see all the open source technology that was being used Subproxmox and TrueNAS and as you mentioned Grafana and some others. So yeah, that was really good I was also very impressed by the Maximo assist. That was very interesting Yeah, that's... I think the maximum is also suffering internally in IBM And then I think the lessons we learned through this is really by leveraging all sort of open source tools That we can achieve something more complete and then we can even provide solutions more customizable And then with a lot of flexibilities and especially for example for the data source, right? So you can integrate all different types of exporters to permissions and all the different tools Give you different capabilities such as to track the energy flows to track the... Actually the request flows of an application using the tracing and instant, et cetera When you were limiting jobs, so you went from 96 to 24 during a high cost period of time That was very much in the application world, right? Not in the hypervisor world at all You'd be nice or interesting to see a way to try and reduce the workload Like I know Kubernetes could probably get tied into that for example, right? I saw Portainer was being used. I'm not sure what type of controls available there But yeah, it'd be really interesting to see that as well You've got a huge swarm based on the demand, but then, oh, it's a period of time where we need to reduce costs So we're going to actually claw that back Yeah, that example is actually we are leveraging the turbinomics And then so turbinomics is specifically identifying what are the idling resources And whether you are significantly overprovisioning resources at different layers Including containers, virtual machines, et cetera So they will give you some recommendations about whether you want to resize the VM, resize the containers So you use smaller amount of resources and you reduce the wasting of resources That's really interesting One last question, was NVizi and Turbinomics, were those preparatory cloud applications Or are they something that you can host on-prem and are they open source? Turbinomics and NVizi are not open source Are they cloud-based or is it something that you still... That's a cloud-based solution, so you can easily use those Cheers Oh boy, these chairs are tight, so I'm just going to reach Thank you so much It's great. I'm also in the CMCF Environmental Sustainability Tag It's great to see your talk today I really like the personas that you showed in the Grafana dashboards I think, yeah, so much of this is around the people and the process And then the technology that follows So I was wondering what data points would you associate with For example, for SREs, what kind of data points in terms of energy consumption Would you find most useful to track and to lead to these optimizations? Yeah, that's a very good question Sure, as I introduced in the presentation range of different people Considering different types of data, like CSO, the Chief Sustainability Officers They are concerned about the whole power consumption of the data center There are some significant changes over the last 24 hours or over the last month And then SREs are more concerned about performance issues Whether the applications have some problems They may still consume a lot of energy And then they really dive into the details about where are the energy consumption bottleneck Or the hotspot, and where are the bottlenecks for the performance So they need to see all the communications or dependencies Between different microservices in a large scale application In this way, data like tracing data, performance data, and microservice level energy consumption data Are pretty useful to them And then for a particular product, our asset managers and engineers They are concerned about particular device and how much it is consuming And then whether it functions well So all those IoT data, the device level energy consumption data are useful to them


Coming up on DTNs, Twitter cracks down on sharing images of other people. FIFA uses machine learning to help call off sides. And the real estate boom in the metaverse is upon us. This is the Daily Tech News for Tuesday, November 30th, 2021 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. From Columbus, Ohio, I'm Rob Dunwood. And I'm Roger Chang. The show is pretty. We were just talking about slang from copacetic to mid. Get that longer conversation on good day Internet available at patreon.com slash DTNs. Speaking of patrons, big things to our top patrons, including Mark Gibson, Reed Fischler and Michelle Serju. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Finland's National Cybersecurity Center is working to combat the spread of text messages with links to malware called Flubot. Several million messages have been sent containing that link. The messages usually tell the recipient to to click the link in order to listen to the voicemail on Android. The link prompts users to install an app with the malware, which will try to collect financial login and password information. On iOS, the link goes to a website with attempts at fraud. I know this is supposed to be our quick section, but let me tell you a little story. A company once called Facebook once wanted to launch a cryptocurrency called Libra and a wallet called Calibra. And it was all spearheaded by the former head of messenger for Facebook named David Marcus. Well, that stablecoin was changed to be called Diem and then spun out of Facebook altogether. The wallet changed its name to Novi. The parent company Facebook changed its name to Metta. And now David Marcus is leaving. Novi just launched in October without support for Diem. And now Marcus says, quote, my entrepreneurial DNA has been nudging me for too many mornings in a row to continue ignoring it. The end. That was a really good story, Tom. A U.S. National Labor Relations Board judge ordered Google to hand over 71 documents related to Project Vivian. Its efforts to counter union organization at the company. Google sought to withhold the documents from court proceedings related to three employees who claim unfair termination. The employees were activists pushing for a union at Google. Google workers formed a union earlier this year as part of the communications workers of America. Fraunhofer Technology announced the successful implantation of a 3D printed prosthetic eye, not a robotic eye. It doesn't have vision. It's a prosthetic. Fraunhofer's cuttlefish eye system scans the patient's eye socket. So you get a custom fit and color calibrates from the existing eye to create a realistic version that looks like that person's eye. The model is then printed by a company called Fit AG. Fraunhofer worked with a company called Occupy. That's P-E-Y-E, as you might expect, which will market the system. Patient Steve Verz said it made him feel more confident, adding, if I can't spot the difference, I know other people won't spot the difference either. A clinical trial among 40 patients will be conducted next to determine how it compares to existing handmade prosthetic eyes. Uber announced it will wind down its food delivery service. Uber eats in Hong Kong, not everywhere, but in Hong Kong by the end of the year due to slower than expected growth. The sleeves deliver and Food Panda is the two main food delivery services in Hong Kong. Uber says the company is more committed than ever to its ride-hailing service in the city. All right, let's talk a little bit about an update to Twitter's privacy information policy. That's the one that prevents sharing personal information without consent. The anti-doxing privacy policy will now prohibit using media depicting private individuals without consent. In other words, photos and videos now part of the anti-doxing rules. Twitter will not proactively screen for this behavior. They will respond to requests from people depicted in the media or that person's authorized representative who say, I didn't give permission, please have this taken down. In those cases, Twitter will remove the media and depending on the situation, they may take further action like downranking the tweet, maybe requiring it to be deleted or even permanently suspending the user. Now, there are exceptions to this policy. If you're considered a public figure, the policy mostly doesn't apply to you unless the media is being done to harass, intimidate or use fear to silence you. An exception may be made if the media is considered to be in the public interest or add value to public discourse. Even if you're not a public figure, you're caught up in a newsworthy event, they may say, no, we're going to let it up. For instance, if the image is being used on TV and in newspapers, that will be an indication they're like, yeah, this is newsworthy. We're not going to remove it. So let's get a few things out of the way right up top. The First Amendment or Free Speech Law does not apply. This is Twitter's private platform. It can make its own rules. We can disagree with them, but there's not a legal aspect of this. Second, yes, this means Twitter is deciding the line. That's fraught with peril, but I don't think you should jump to the conclusion that you're going to need a signed release for every photo or video you post to Twitter from now on. I would expect posting will feel no different for almost all of your images under these rules. It's the edge cases that are going to be the interesting ones. The infrequent, but notable situation where Twitter believes that a piece of media fell under the policy and a large enough group of people disagree, and then there's a public outcry about it. That's where all of these kinds of policies eventually run into controversy. So let's ask a better question. How likely is this new policy to cause a problem? Not could it, but will it? And how much of that kind of problem is acceptable in order to make it easier to stop harassment? I'm before we discuss this, I want to point out this isn't about revenge porn or violence. There are were already rules on Twitter banning those specific cases. This is about the the middle ground cases.  And he ended up losing his job over this because of this video that was posted, but he's not a celebrity. Could he go to Twitter and say, hey, take this down? It's, you know, I'm in a bad light. Now, you know, Twitter now has to, well, is that newsworthy? Is he enough of a public person because he's a police officer that we need to lead this up? It just creates a gray area for them that is going to be untenable for a lot of folks. That's a great example, because the moment it's posted, he's not newsworthy. And yes, like he could probably say, hey, I don't give permission, take this down. But at internet time, that thing has become news by the time Twitter gets around to take it down, right? That that is now on CNN, MSNBC, Fox, you know, it's everywhere. And then Twitter might say, well, it is newsworthy now. Sorry, we're not taking it down. Twitter is also notorious for allowing a lot of stuff to stay up that some people are upset about, you know, and I don't know. I don't have to go into like the details of some of that stuff. But I I I don't think that the privacy, the privacy policies, but also policies that that that help people and protect people have been in place on Twitter in any sense that made sense to a lot of people. Sure, Twitter said, here's what we're going to do. Here's how we deal with these sorts of things. Here's how we deal with harassment. We care about this stuff. All great. But I don't think it was really ever something that made made the the most of the people on the platform happy because they're just it was just it was very willy-nilly. Yeah, I think Twitter is going to have to be very, very careful to not pick favorites when they're you know, when they're enforcing, you know, these new rules that they have in place because you're going to get the left saying, why are you taking our stuff down or leaving our stuff up but not taking the right now? You're going to have the right saying, why are you leaving our stuff up? Not taking, you know, the left stuff now. So it's you're going to get that. They've got to be very careful in how they mitigate through this mess that they have now created for themselves. Yeah, so there's 98 percent of the photos that go up on Twitter. Nobody's going to care about, right? There's a section of these that I think the law is aimed at where someone's like, oh, yeah, I'm in the I they took a photo of me out and about and they're using it and making fun of me and I don't like it. Please take it down. And nobody's going to be like, yeah, it's not newsworthy. It's just you don't you don't like your image being out there. That's fine. There's there's those cases. There's the stuff that's not controversial. There's the one where most of us would agree like, yeah, no, I can see you saying like, please don't put that up there. It's that sliver and that's where everybody's going to be shouting louder than the number of images that it refers to. Like that that one should stay up. No, that one should stay down. And to your point, Sarah, for everyone that caused controversy and people were saying, you should be taking that down. There were other people who would have got it just as upset and shouted loud. If you had taken it down and that you're going to you're going to see that you're going to see that happen. My my question is, are we going to see it happen a lot? I don't think we will. But it only has to happen once or twice for everybody to decide that it's a problem. Yeah. All right, let's let's move on to some some antitrust behavior. Rob, what's going on here? Well, if you are one of the people disappointed that MetaBot Giffy to add to its offerings like Facebook and Instagram. Good news, they have to sell it. The UK's competition and market authority ordered Meta to sell Giffy. The first time the regulators attempted to unwind a completed acquisition by a tech company, MetaBot Giffy back a year and a half ago. The CMA found three harms concerns that other platforms might be required to provide more data in order to access gifts. A reduction in competition in the display ad market since Giffy no longer competes with Meta selling ads. And finally, the concern that Meta could deny competitors access to gifts. That's right. Access to gifts is now a legal justification for antitrust law in the UK. Go back until your 1997 GeoCities under construction site self that the CMA said the only remedy to these harms was Meta selling Giffy. Meta has argued that Giffy did not have a viable ad business on its own and that it has promised the same access to Giffy's API. Meta is considering all options and may appeal the decision. Oh, they'll appeal the decision. Oh, they're definitely. I will guarantee you that. And for those worried about the folks at Giffy, you should know that while this investigation has been going on, Meta has not been allowed to transfer Giffy employees into Facebook or anywhere else within Meta. Giffy has has remained as it was when they acquired them kind of in stasis. Meta is paying the bills for Giffy to operate. But otherwise it's kind of waiting to see how this all shakes out. Giffy was a small business and it had not been profitable and which is not unusual for small startups like that. So there's a question of whether Giffy survives this having been pulled into Meta and then having to be shoved back out again. I don't know. I mean, I kind of forgot about the Meta buying Giffy thing from a year and a half ago, but Giffy is something that I use in Slack. It's a it's a plug in that you. Yeah, it's the premier search engine for Giff's, right?  I don't know. I mean, Giffy is pretty ubiquitous. And the idea that Meta can't buy Giffy is, I guess a bummer from Meta, but definitely a bummer for Giffy. Because I can't buy, but bought it and now has to sell it again. Sure. Yeah. I mean, it's not working out. But yeah, I mean, Giffy as at standalone business, like, I don't think that's going to work. This is one where this is the the antitrust thing you want to go after Facebook on. There seems like there's so many other things that they could have targeted. Whereas, you know, here's I like using Giffy. There's no way that I'm paying money to use Giffy. I'm just not. I'll save the 10 or 15 different, you know, Giff's, you know, to my hard driver, to my phone and just paste the same ones over and over again before I would go give a company money to do that. So when I look at it, it's like, you know, they made this purchase not necessarily to make money off of it, just because well, they had so many of their users that were using it. Let's just buy it and make it easier on them to, you know, to improve our user experience. And like if they have to sell this out, I don't know that Giffy's going to be able to stand on his own. They were struggling when Facebook bottom. I don't see why they wouldn't go right back to struggling if they were to push him out of that. But that might be my short sightedness and looking at the viability of the business. But I'm not seeing a standalone Giffy. Just oh, yeah, I've got to have that. You know, it's not like Facebook won't do something else to where you can have gifts in your or or maybe the question is, OK, who's going to buy Giffy now? Right. That that to me is the big question, because because this is this is a seminal moment. Right. This is a moment where a regulatory authority didn't say, well, you're kind of hurting competition. So we're going to play some restrictions on you, Comcast. So you can't raise your rates because you bought NBC. No, no, this is like you shouldn't. You're buying this has harmed the market. And so this is a sea change in how regulators are approaching these big companies. But who do they sell it to? Is it Microsoft? Is it Google? You know, like, who can you sell it to where it also isn't going to? Who can you sell it to? Who wants it? Who can pay for it? Who also won't hurt? Who isn't also owned by Metta? Yeah. Well, or or a huge advertising player like Google, right? Or even Amazon. Yeah. I don't know. I don't know. Send us your who should buy Giffy. Rob's not going to buy it. He's made that very clear. So tell us who it should be. I don't know who it should be. I look at this and like I said earlier, this is the company. This is the part of the company that you're going after for antitrust. It seems like there's just other low hanging fruit that it would have made more sense that they're like, we can we can justify this. And if we get this go and then that helps us build cases for other things. Maybe it's like we're really concerned that company X cannot use gifts properly. Sell this portion of your company. If other companies cannot access Sam Elliott tipping his hat, where is the United Kingdom going to be? Well, send us your your ideas. If you would like to buy Giffy feedback at technewshow.com, well, we'll pass it along to the proper people and let us know. What else you'd like to hear us talk about on the show? One way to let us know is our subreddit. We get great suggestions in there. Submit your stories and vote on them at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. The Wall Street Journal reports on investment companies buying up digital land in virtual platforms that they hope will one day become the metaverse. Sandbox and Decentraland are two examples of simulated worlds where people can do things like virtual shop, attend virtual concerts and the like. Republic Realm is the biggest spender, dropping $4.3 million on land in the platform at Sandbox. That's the largest purchase to date, according to nonfungible.com, who keeps up on these sorts of things. Republic Realm bought the land from Atari and plans to co-develop it with Atari and by develop, they mean create digital places for people's avatars to go. That could be a virtual casino, maybe just a place to hang out with friends. There are malls, skyscrapers, private islands all under development here. You can buy them, you can lease them, you can rent space, just like real estate. Virtual platforms even have zooming rules of what can be placed there, you know, like an HOA. Ownership is tracked through NFTs, though. So that's where it becomes a little bit different. These are also risky investments, not just because the platform might fail, but because the transactions are usually done in cryptocurrencies, like Ethereum, which can be volatile, there are many others. Republic Realm is diversifying its purchases across 19 different virtual worlds in an effort to combat that a little bit. Some of this may sound familiar, though, to folks who participated in Second Life. Remember Second Life founded back in 2007? Second Life founder, Philip Rosdale, has some advice for the builders of the next metaverse. He knows what he's talking about. He emphasized that the need for identity management, moderation, preparing for bad actors, all come into play here. Rosdale told Time.com, quote, we don't have identity systems yet that would enable strong governance. He also noted that barrier to entry, if access requires equipment, like VR headsets, that people might not be able to be willing to wear regularly or have, you know, the options to do so. Yeah, I think that's an interesting one. Adoption is huge for whatever the so-called metaverse ends up being, right? If you're going to jump into Sandbox and start hanging out with your friends at the virtual lounge that you, you know, spent a hundred Ethereum on, you want it to be easy. And as much as people love VR, Sarah, I know you love the Quest. Would you call it easy? Like at a moment's notice, you just grab it and pop it on your head? No, you got to fit it a little. You got to settle in like, okay, I'm going to do my thing now. You definitely have to be like, I'm going to go do this thing now for a while. Yeah, so I think that that is one of the bigger barriers to entry that I don't think we hear people talking about, which is how are you accessing this? Because if it's on your phone or your laptop, more people will do it. But that loses a lot of the attraction that you would get from augmented reality or virtual reality. So we need those devices to come along. So on the on the tech, John, which came out today, this was one of our main topic stories. We talked about a Canadian company, tokens.com. I believe that bought some virtual real estate in Decentraland. I think they spent like 2.4 over 2.4 million dollars for about 6,000 or 6,100 square feet. So, man, it's like, man, real estate prices even that don't actually exist in the real world are just a little pricier than L.A. Yeah, so there's that, but this is a thing. You know, I know someone well who actually built a company to farm in Second Life. It was a company that had six or seven employees at one point. And this is what they did.  So this is.  Right. And the company would make money.  These virtual worlds are coming.  This is where people are going to shop. So just like yesterday was Cyber Monday, we all got on, you know, our internet browser of choice and went and looked at stores and purchase stuff. I can see a time when, you know, you just, you've got your headset sitting right there next to your monitor.  And now you're just walking through the space and visiting these stores. I absolutely see that happening. So this is a, it's a real thing. And, you know, I don't know that I want to miss out on it. I'm not ready to go buy virtual real estate at this point. But, you know, this is definitely, in my opinion, going to be a thing. We're going to hear many more stories about big companies that are going out and let's just buy up this land just in case this hits. And we're positioned to where we can resell it later or we can put people, you know, we're the mall, but we're going to put the tenants in the mall and then they're going to pay us. I see those things coming. You can't tell which one's Friendster, which one's MySpace and which one's Facebook at this point, right? But, but the, the mice, the sense I get is, is one of these is, we just don't know which one it is yet. And it might even change names or change hands a few times before that. But one of them will probably arise.  These were already in existence. Sandbox and Decentraland predate Mark Zuckerberg talking about the metaverse, changing the name of Facebook's parent company to be meta. But now everybody thinks this is all because of him. And it's not, but the investment is the investment in these companies wasn't happening before, because it was a little bit of a harder sell. Now suddenly everybody's talking about metaverse because Mark Zuckerberg talked about it. And now everybody is dropping $4.3 million on virtual land in Sandbox. Maybe not everybody's dropping $4.3 million, but everybody's dropping money. There's more investors moving into this because it's got the buzz, right? Absolutely. And the companies that are doing this, you can almost look at them like angel investors. They're just we're going to hedge our bets across all of these platforms because one of them is going to hit. Let's make sure we're there. Well, I mean, I don't know. When I think of something like going to my local pet store versus Amazon, you know, it's like, eh, I probably save more money with Amazon. It's a it's a lot easier for me. You know, there are so many reasons that, you know, that Amazon just being like the largest version of how, you know, a lot of people have decided to buy differently online. But if that was a place, Amazon isn't a place to me. If that was a place where I'm kind of like, OK, I'm going to go to like my fun place and buy things, but also interact with other people. And and there's, you know, there's a lot more VR kind of stuff going on. I know that sort of like a weird description but if that can if if if if that can be pulled off by many companies, then then we really start to change the conversation. Yeah. Yeah. And that that's the idea. That's the idea of how this you need the device that's easy to pop on and get in there. You need everybody. You need the infrastructure built. You need the protections in place, which is what Rosdale is talking about. Thing with Second Life is they had a subscription to join Second Life. So it kept a lot of the bad actors out because it was costly to get in. So there's a there's a lot that has to happen, but I think you're right. It's going to be a real thing now over to me with sports. Technology could do a lot to help referees, umpires and judges in sport, but sport is notoriously resistant to letting tech replace humans and those sorts of things. Keep in mind, instant replay came along in the 1960s and it took about a half century for it to become normal in sports. So it's notable that FIFA, the folks who govern football, a.k.a. soccer worldwide, will test semi automated off sides detection at the FIFA Arab Cup this week. We will definitely not try to explain off sides to you. Suffice to say it's a rule that prevents people from camping down by the goal and enforcing it involves knowing whether multiple people were in front or behind the ball on certain parts of the field when someone kicks the ball, touches the ball or puck and hockey or whatever. So it's complicated. There's a lot of pieces to knowing whether it happened or not. Semi automated off sides is going to use 10 to 12 cameras collecting 29 data points on each player on the pitch 50 times per second. You're talking about 11, well, 22, right, with two teams. It will specifically focus on the moment the ball is played and which body part is closest to the goal when that happens. When the system spots off sides, it'll send an alert to a video assistant referee, a.k.a. the VAR, who is a human being and that human will review it to make the call or not. Now, the VAR was already doing this. They were reviewing video for things like off sides and other things during the matches off sides is one of the most complex ones to review. So it was taking a long time. Sometimes there was controversy about whether it had been missed or not. So having a machine learning system to help do the sifting of like, hey, you you should look at this one. Don't look at all of them. Look at this one and reduce that complexity, possibly leading to more accurate calls is pretty attractive. The system has been tested in England, Spain and Germany before. And if it does improve speed and accuracy of off sides calls, FIFA is thinking it might implement it at the 2022 FIFA World Cup. So I'm a fan, you know, I was an athlete at one point in my life. I want the calls to be right. And, you know, I've heard those arguments about, well, you know, there's there's nuance to the game. You know, it's a judgment call. No, I don't want that. I want the rules to apply the same way every single time. So I know what I'm dealing with. I don't want this umpire to have one strike zone. This umpire to think that this is, you know, that this is off sides. This one wasn't off sides. I want the rules to be the same all the time. If this gets us closer to that, I'm all forward as long as the implementation of it speeds things up and not slows things down. Yeah, it makes it more accurate. Right. I think because, because the argument about referees is that, yo, he's a homer, uh, they're, they're, they're favoring the home team or, or she's against us. She, she just doesn't ever like us. Her calls always go against us having machines doing it. We'll take that out of the equation. Right. I mean, granted, there could be bias in the machine learning algorithm against a particular team, I suppose we've seen that happen in other situations, but, but it definitely reduces it. Right. So, uh, so I think it's generally a good thing. Like you say, as long as it is in fact more accurate, which they're testing it, uh, and doesn't slow things down. I mean, I as, as somebody who, who came along after the 1960s when incident replay was implemented, I have never known another way to, you know, when, when there's a call, people are like, hmm, I don't know about that. And yes, uh, depending on the sport and, and over the years rules have changed a little bit, but the idea that it's like, well, the rough makes a call, but if it's, if it's questionable, let's look, let's look back at it. You know, let, let's roll the tape. And that has always been something that, you know, I've, I've been familiar with, and I, I feel like, like to your point, Rob, the more of that, the better, because it's just the fact, but, um, but it, it does get complicated depending on what sport you're talking about. Yeah. I look at tennis where they have, you know, absolutely implemented stuff to get the line calls. Correct. And it's brilliant. It works. It's quick. You don't have people arguing before it was a judgment call. You would have, you know, tennis players arguing with, you know, the umpire on whether or not something was in or out. Now, what would John McEnroe be with, with a computer telling him about the line calls? He'd have nobody to argue with. Just fist, fist it. Actually, John McEnroe probably would have been like, come on PC. Yeah, you know what? The computer is wrong, clearly wrong. Look, that's ridiculous. He would have. Yeah. But tennis is generally better with the, you know, with the eagle eye, it is getting, it's, it's, it's way better. So I'm for it when it works and speeds things up. It's true.  I just need you to master the system. Just, you know, make your job easier. Yeah, it's, it's the AI. It'll make your job easier. Um, if you have any thoughts on anything that we talked about on this show, anything we might talk about on a future show or anything in between, please do send it our way. Feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. Thank you in advance. We'd also like to, uh, extend a special thanks to Steven Ivy. Steven Ivy is one of our top lifetime supporters for DTNS. Thank you for all the years of support. Steven. Yeah, Steven. You can start your road to being like Steven today at patreon.com slash DTNS. Indeed. Also, thanks to Rob Dunwood for being with us today. Rob, where could people keep up with the rest of your work? Well, thanks for having me and folks can find me, um, at Rob Dunwood on pretty much every platform and check out my new show, The Tech John. It actually airs on Tuesday, so it came out today. And, uh, we actually talked about some of the things we talked today about in, you know, in, in this show. So, uh, you know, go check us out. It's a great tech show from a different perspective. Indeed it is. Well, on this very show, we're live Monday through Friday at 4 30 p.m. Eastern 2130 UTC. Put it on your calendar and find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. We are back tomorrow with Scott Johnson. Talk to you then. Hope you have enjoyed this program.


Secondly, we need to have positional encoding. The problem is that attention models don't preserve the sequence information. They look at all the other words in the input and say which ones are important and they forget which one was the first or the second or the third. Now you could try and take each word and say okay give it a label input one or two or three or four but it turns out to work better to the following slightly arcane encoding that builds up a representation of the where each word is in the sequence using a bunch of signs and cosines. So if we have n tokens in a sequence each of dimension d say 300 like a word of ec we would then say what we're going to do is build up an n by d matrix where for each position each word the zero first second up to the this case the 60th word is encoded by some mixture of the even numbered elements of that 300 dimensional vector being signs of something and the odd ones being cosines of them and these get bigger and bigger as you get bigger through the sequence. What you're doing is having a slow sign and a faster sign and a faster sign and a faster sign and short ones and this turns out to give a nice representation that lets the neural net keep track of where it is and in sort of weird neural net world what they do is take the matrix x which was the original n by d the d dimensional encodings the actual encodings like word of ec of all n words and add in the positional encoding add them up together keeping roughly the same information and then just pop that into your neural net. Details don't matter fact that does matter you need to tell the model the order that the words are in so it can actually take advantage of that and compute how far away it is for example or whether it's the beginning of the sentence or the end of the sentence where words have slightly different meanings based on where they show up.


Good afternoon, or good morning, depending on where you are located. I'd like to welcome you to our CCC OER webinar on faculty and librarians selecting high quality OER. My name is Regina Gong. I'm a librarian and OER project manager here at Lansing Community College in Michigan. You are used to Una, Una Daily moderating our CCC OER webinar. For today, I will be your moderator while Una is with us joining us in this webinar. We're going to give her a break. So welcome again. We have three of my colleagues here in Michigan as our presenters and you will be hearing from them in a little bit. And it's really nice to see a lot of folks introducing themselves in the chat window. So if you haven't introduced yourselves, please feel free to introduce yourselves. I am just going to advance to the next slide. Okay. So I just want to briefly go over our agenda for today. We'll have introductions later. And then I'll do overview of what we do here at CCC OER. And then I will also briefly discuss about our statewide OER project here in Michigan through the Michigan colleges online. And then we'll jump right into the presentation with Tina Allrich and Elizabeth Sonnebin from Northwestern Michigan College. And then with Dr. Sharon Hughes from LCC. So let's go ahead and meet our presenters. Sharon, would you like to start and introduce yourself? Hi, my name is Sharon Hughes. I'm a professor of psychology at Lansing Community College and starting my 19th year there. Thanks. Thanks, Sharon. This is Sharon's first time to present for a CCC OER webinar. Elizabeth, would you like to introduce yourself? Sure. I'm Elizabeth Sonnebin. I'm adjunct faculty at Northwestern Michigan College, teaching, marketing, advertising and professional communications. Thank you, Elizabeth. And last but not the least, Tina. Hi, I'm Tina Allrich and I'm the library director at Northwestern Michigan College. And I'm especially excited today to be here because these webinars with CCC OER and Una Daily is totally what got us started on OER. So it's really cool to be here presenting. Thank you, Una. Thank you, Tina. Sorry. Una, we really miss you here. So for the CCC OER mission, our mission is actually we are dedicated to promoting the adoption and development of OER to enhance teaching and learning. Most of you attend our webinar and really get a lot out of it. You see in our new logo here that CCC OER is actually celebrating its 10th anniversary this year. And we'll talk more about that later in the webinar. So we have members in 25 U.S. states, including British Columbia. We also have eight statewide consortiums. And as you know, even if you are not a member of CCC OER, all our webinars are open to all and we welcome you. So talking about CCC OER members here in Michigan, we have three community colleges that are institutional members of CCC OER. And we have one associate member, which is the Michigan Colleges Online. And I just want to briefly highlight that here in Michigan, we have an OER initiative that involves all 28 community colleges in the state. And it is called the MCO OER initiative. Our goal is to improve student success, lower costs for students, and increase inter-institutional faculty collaboration. We actually have a steering committee that is represented by all the 28 community colleges in Michigan. We meet every six to eight weeks and we have lots of activities that support our initiative goals. In fact, we just finished a very successful MCO OER summit last Friday where we had Dr. Robin DeRosa as one of our keynote speaker. And what we do here for community colleges in Michigan is that we have a repository which is hosted by OER Commons. And you can see the link up in the top. MCO is actually a hub within OER Commons. We also have grants for faculty to adopt and accelerate OER adoption in their colleges. Like I mentioned, we provide training and professional development to faculty librarians, instructional designers, and basically we are a statewide community of practice. So we have, as of fall, 14 colleges who are reporting because they have their own initiative, OER initiative in their colleges. And we just 14 colleges reporting, we have realized savings of over $3.1 million. So really this is, you know, very good for the state of Michigan in terms of OER adoption. So now let's go right into the presentation from Northwestern Michigan College. Tina and Elizabeth. I'm going to share how librarians can help and we're also going to, Elizabeth is going to share with you about how she set up her OER class. So go ahead, Elizabeth. If it will love me, I will. Let's see. Okay, so Northwestern Michigan College is a community college. We are in Traverse City, Michigan, and we serve a large about 3200 FTE. We help faculty find and choose OER and using OER courses. What's this got to do with you who, oh, sorry, is audio cutting out. How are we doing? Can we hear, can you hear me? Okay. So the why, why is OER part of the Liberation? Well, we're committed to access for one thing. Librarians are all about getting information to people who need it. And that's always what we've done. We know how to share. And we're familiar with the publishing industry, and we under copyright and we know it's pitfalls. Okay, well, there we go. We have, whoops, whoops. We had experience in. Is it too long? I'm sorry, I can't. Elizabeth, just leave that slide there. That'll be fine. I'll finish up the other slide. We have experience working with the content of college coursework. So some subject specialists even have second master's degrees. We both work closely. We work closely with faculty and students. We know how to find things and we know how to make sure other people can find things too. So what can librarians do to help faculty? Well, we can help identify the existing OER textbooks. We can search the repositories for you. Like, actual vetting of supplementary materials. We can use our advanced search skills and experience to find exactly what you need. So for example, you might say to your librarian, I need a short video on how cells divide.  We can also give you options for access and curation. Do you want to use the LMS? Do you want to use a LibGuy to present your material to your students? Where can you archive it? Can you make sure that the things that you're using are stable and will be available in the future? We can advise on issues to copyright and fair use on the use of Creative Commons licenses. And we can also help articulate the principles, the guiding principles of the OER movement. So what can librarians, what can't we do? Well, not be completely knowledgeable in your subject area. Librarians, the saying goes that a librarian's knowledge is a mile wide and an inch deep. So we're not going to know everything about your subject area. We can make the final call on the quality of a resource. You're going to have to do that. We can't choose your textbook for you. We cannot choose your pedagogical approach. And we would never interfere with your academic freedom. Okay, so the NMC librarians have helped many faculty adopt OER. And each faculty member is different. Each class is different. So I'm just going to give you a few examples of that. We had an abnormal psychology professor who wanted to use OER. And so he had an idea that he wanted his students to have a choice of using text materials that they could read, video materials and audio materials. So can you advance this? There we go. Okay, so we made him a live guide and I assigned two librarians to find these materials for him. We used a lot of NOBA. We used a fear number of government documents. And we used some of the library subscription films on demand to make this live guide. The World Cultures class, the instructor was using Gardner's Art, Art of Western, I don't know which one, there are several of them, but it cost over $100. And he wasn't really using it all that much. So it was fairly easy to go out and find OER for this. Next slide. We ended up using a lot of the boundless art history. And so I could save a PDF of a particular chapter and put it in these boxes on his live guide. We used a World History book from University of Georgia. And we supplemented with some Smithsonian materials and other freely available materials. This is an instructor who required a fair amount of help on this. So I did a lot of the work on this one. This class actually hasn't taken place yet, but this is an example of instructors who aren't going to need a lot of help probably. I'm using two instructors who are going to be teaching technical writing next semester. And so all I did was I did an exhaustive search of the OER repositories and found all of the technical writing OER textbooks. And I put them in a little box on the live guide. There they are. And so these instructors will take a look at these, maybe cut and paste a little bit. Let's skip this one, Elizabeth, in the next. Okay. Okay. And US History, this instructor got a grant from MCO, the one that Regina mentioned. And she is taking the OpenStacks history book and adding materials so that there's more Native American materials in it. And that one has been challenging. I'm going to be looking at different platforms for that. This one was an introduction to college reading and writing. So it's a developmental English class. It was using a $120 textbook that just kept putting out new editions and going up and up. And the instructors were not comfortable with this. We took the different subjects that they taught. And we found like either chapters from an OER textbook or other things. I put them into a spreadsheet, which is on the next slide. And all of these examples are just screenshots, but the links to the actual examples are going to be in the slides. You can go back and look at them if you want to. So we created a spreadsheet with the topics covered in the class. And then I checked the licenses on the materials and made sure that they would have to, which ones they would have to just link to, which ones had CC licenses, which ones that if they really wanted to use them, they would need to ask permission. And lastly, principles of advertising. And this sigs nicely into Elizabeth's portion of the presentation. Okay. So sometimes when I click it goes to the next slide and sometimes it doesn't so bear with me. But I teach principles of advertising, as Tina said. And this is a live guide. She helped me work on and create that gives my students different resources for the class for an assignment and examples of advertising as well. So I chose to use OER for several reasons. First one being I have a college student too. So I know what that book bill is like at the beginning of a semester. The semester went for my niece. It wasn't too bad. But last semester it was like $400. The other thing I really felt about using OER was I'm in an industry where you can learn a lot just by doing research yourself. And I felt like using OER resources would teach the students how to learn. My field also changes rapidly. So I, and it's just going forward without me. Sorry about that. It's going backwards. Try this again. So an advertising textbook especially is pretty much out of date the minute of prints. With social media and all of the technology coming into play and all the digital stuff coming into the world. You can't keep a marketing or an advertising check textbook up to date. Once it's printed. And then I also like my online classes to be fully online. So that they can be taken anywhere from anywhere that a student can connect from. I've actually had students in the Coast Guard and they've taken the class from the ship. So they've not even been on land when they were taking the class. So that definitely is an advantage of using materials that I'll say need as an internet support. I managed to switch through a pilot program with a librarian support Tina support and educational media technology support as well. I research free textbooks and resources. Tina showed me a lot of I knew some but Tina showed me a lot that I had never seen before that were great resources for assignments and articles and videos and all of that stuff. I also use the school's access to trade publications because you know everything's changing so fast in this industry that trade publications are one of the best ways to stay up to date. I added in a lot of video resources on some that's free on the web. Some stuff from PBS and they're learning media section and videos from our library. And then I also found sites where instructors share lessons. That was a big help to that's something I started when I first started teaching and it's always been really super helpful. I'm using a lip guide so this offers me a way to offer the resources a textbook textbook would traditionally offer. I'm linking the things like you know the Super Bowl ads from every year and different print ads and award winning ads that have been out there and resources for researching for the assignments. I also use some professional resources from professional organizations so as a member of like the American Advertising Federation and American Marketing Association. They have classroom resources for instructors that are free to use if you're a member and they're a great resource. One of the pros of using OER for me is that I can use this online textbook to provide basic concepts while I can pull from non-traditional resources. So I use things like Google's AdWords class that's free online for anybody who wants to learn how to use Google AdWords rather than giving them a lesson in digital advertising that's going to change the minute I write it by using their materials. I'm keeping the students up to date and they come out of the class knowing what's the latest and the greatest in that field. Obviously a pro is saving a money when I was looking I was going to have to replace a textbook regardless. So you know I looked at the prices of the textbooks and thought man I really don't want to do that to students there's not going to be used version and that's going to be a lot of money to show out. I'd also kind of forced me out of the box I had to come up with lesson plans that were different. My marketing class which is still a traditional text is very much case study discussion case study discussion. This I was able to do some stuff to adapt to different learning styles to sort of offer that same thing that the psychology professor does where you can do a read you or listen. I try to do that every week. I'm going to try to pull in some fun stuff so I'll link them to you know John Oliver's rant on native advertising, but I'll also link them to the PBS discussion round table on native ads. And you know they're two very different approaches to it, but they give students two different views. As far as cons I really don't have a lot of cons to using it. I think most of them can be easily overcome especially when you reach out to you know librarians and media technology and people that have done it before. You usually can find a solution. You do have to keep your resources and links up to date because I'm going to feel that changes a lot and because I'm linking students to samples of like Super Bowl ads and stuff like that. I have to update that pretty much every semester and then have to double check it usually a week or two before the assignment. Some students are more comfortable with the textbook. For those students I've offered them ways to either buy it or get it printed so that they have a paper version in front of them. And then free textbooks often lack assignments in case studies that's one of the reasons my marketing class hasn't converted yet is because in order to convert the class we've got to rewrite all of the assignments. There's a great book, but it doesn't have great assignments. So as far as what I would do differently my homework assignments are still really writing heavy and I kind of feel like in a class with the creative topic that I could expand on that more so I'm working on that. I'd write more content myself the book I found is pretty good. But it doesn't address some of the newer concepts and, you know, changes that the industry has had in the last few years. And I'd also use more industry articles and I do, you know, just try to keep them constantly reading up to date information on the topic. Okay. And Tina, if you have any questions for the two of our speakers, you may just type it in the chat box and we'll try to address them later on in the presentation. So Sharon. Yes. Yeah. Okay. Okay, I am just approving it. Okay. Hopefully you can advance now. I'm not letting me. So I'm a psychology professor at Lansing Community College, which is located in downtown Lansing founded in 1957. It's the third largest community college in Michigan. And we serve students in both credit and non credit courses. We offer more than 230 associate degree and certificate programs. We have a college encompassing a service area of six counties and have about 26,000 students a year, although it's down a little bit this fall. The college, LCC was the first college to offer online degree programs, and we now have more than 250 courses online and 26 associate degrees and certificates that can be earned through online study. Psychology program is one of the largest programs on campus. We have a variety of courses 12 courses in a variety of formats face to face online hybrid. All the times 810 to 1010 or 8am to 10pm Monday through Saturday in all, all our locations we have 12345 locations we also offer sections at three area high schools for advanced high school students. Psychology 200 is psychology 200 is the largest course on campus of the largest course we offer its most popular one of the most popular courses on campus. And we routinely over enroll over 2000 students a year. And this semester we have 35 sections of intro 1028 students enrolled. What we've done in the past is we have about 23 different faculty who teach intro to psych, and we had, we had five different textbooks that faculty could choose from. But we were running into problems with having a choice having that different choice. Some difficulties when sections got switched faculty wouldn't be able to use their own textbook they had to use the textbook that was assigned to that section and that was becoming very problematic. And also the textbook that one of the textbook that we were using was going to a new edition, it was going to cost close to 600 or close to $200. The bookstore wasn't able to order the older editions we have in the past tried to keep costs down for students by using older editions but the bookstore wasn't able to do that anymore. So, for all these reasons we decided it was time for a change. And since we were up since we were changing anyway and going to a common textbook. We decided to switch to an OER. I'm not able to advance the slide. There we go. So we decided to switch to an OER. And it just so happened. Do you want me to advance? Okay. Yep. I don't know what's I can't control it anymore. So at that time, we were decided to go with a common textbook Regina brought me a copy of the open stacks textbook and thought that it might be a good choice. So, it was our first introduction kind of to an OER. So, we found actually a few resources out there. Open stacks being one a couple of other traditional textbooks. The NOBA project. So there's actually quite a few out there somewhere more collections of articles more modular or resources for faculty can pick and choose the material. And that's, that's good we like to be able to pick and choose but given the fact that we have 27 different faculty. Many are adjuncts. A lot of them were teaching for their first time. We really didn't want to put the burden of developing their own materials on to faculty are already underpaid and overwork. So we thought a traditional type textbook would work best for us. So we found several that fit that criteria. Could you advance the slide please. And what we did next was as a, as a group, the psychology program developed a rubric which looked at when we thought of all the things that we wanted our textbook to have did it meet our learning outcomes. Is it available in a variety of formats, ancillary materials, student support, formative assessments. Does it have the classic studies all that stuff. So we developed the rubric. And then we asked for volunteers psychology volunteers and each volunteer was given two or three chapter or topic areas their area of expertise and each volunteer reviewed the same chapter or topic areas for all five OERs that we were reviewing. And we had two reviewers for each chapter or topic area. I tallied up the results and we had a meeting to discuss it and the consensus was to go with the open stacks textbook. Students can get a traditional hard copy if they want your Amazon for 3650 I think we also here on campus printed it out and put it in three ring binders for students to purchase for $24 and some of them did take advantage of that. So some of the things some of the challenges that we had we're changing changing in general, a lot of work to rework classroom materials assignments exams. So that was that is challenging in general. Some faculty actually weren't enthusiastic. Maybe due to inertia they've been using the same textbook for 20 years concerns about the quality. Some actually were concerned that students might not think the quality of a free textbook is very good so they might not value it very much. Another thing which was difficult about the switch was hard copies for faculty are every single faculty member wanted a hard copy they didn't want to read it online. So usually the publisher gives us hard copies of their textbook but open stacks wasn't able to do that. But fortunately our associate dean stepped in and agreed to purchase hard copies for all faculty so that that was very helpful. At the end of the semester we evaluated both students perceptions and faculty perceptions and faculty's perceptions of impact on their teaching pretty neutral to positive. The most positive thing was it allowed them to better accommodate diverse student needs because as I said the textbook was one of the textbooks was over $200. Faculty were not as enthusiastic about the quality of the OER the quality of the textbooks although students were more than happy with the quality of the textbook so that was us perhaps. And the ancillary materials also didn't seem to be as positive and as the the ones we purchase students, however, they were very enthusiastic about the use of OER's. Before I get there, the one of the challenges that of using an OER that faculty were most concerned with was finding high quality resources up to date resources having the time to look for them. And the time and the compensation to evaluate them was kind of the consensus there and this is where librarians and Regina in particular on our campus is playing a pivotal role. She's great about finding resources, curating them, letting us know what's out there, pushing faculty to think outside the box and adopt OER's, look for OER's and adopt OER's. And our college as a whole, our college administration has also very much committed to this and I think Regina is going to talk about that a little bit later about what the president's doing to help faculty adopt OER's. So in terms of students, six students perceptions, like we, like I said, while faculty were concerned about the quality, students thought it was the same or even better. Only 4% thought that it was worse than textbooks in their other classes. So students were very happy with it. 84% said they'd be likely or very likely to enroll in a course that used an OER, probably because 75% reported spending no money for the class materials. And again, others printed it off for as little as $24. So there is that hard copy available for those students. We also had open ended questions on our evaluation and students, students really like it. They really like the use of OER's. Everybody has access at levels of playing field. I've always been bitter about buying a textbook where I read two or three pages. And $150 for one textbook for one class is a lot of students just can't afford it. A lot of them just don't buy the textbook. So free textbooks are really helping as well. So overall, the total textbook savings for our students in since fall 2015 to fall 2017 is over a million dollars. As of fall 2017 this fall we have 74 faculty using OER's in 27 courses representing 150 sections. So we've got a lot of faculty are on board. And what's happening on our college at the college level is the president has designated $500,000 to help faculty give them those resources, give them the time to research and adopt OER. So this is a wonderful thing that the president's done. So it's going to give faculty some time some money to go out and look for good resources with the help of Regina and hopefully find some OER's that are appropriate for their courses. We are working in psychology towards a Z degree where students can get an associate's degree in psychology without having to purchase a textbook. So far we're starting with the courses, our psychology courses and the five that are required for the degree. And right now four out of five are now using OER's. The fifth one abnormal psychology we're still looking to find one for that. So hopefully within the next few years in psychology students will be able to get a psychology degree. Yeah, and thank you Sharon. And in addition to that, for our broad ahead, I was fortunate to be chosen as one of the open education research fellows for 2017-2018. And part of the work that we're going to do is to assess the efficacy of OER adoption using the COOP framework, which is cost outcome usage and perception. And based from the preliminary data that I have, I see that the grades of our students who are taking OER in their courses are the same or better. As you know, if you compare them with the class that uses a traditional textbook prior to the move. So it really is very gratifying to see that it is affecting student success. And of course, one of the things that we want to do too is to make it easy for our students to discover these classes when they do register. So perhaps we'll be having that OER designation in our student registration system. We're working with our IT folks to be able to do that. Okay, so I see there's really a good discussion with, you know, providing OER in a live guide environment versus an alumnus. I see a lot of discussions in the chat box, keep it going. So just to, you know, give you a heads up of our upcoming conferences where CCCOER will be there. Open Ed 2017 is coming up. It will be at Anaheim October 11 to 13. I'll be there and I hope to see a lot of you there. It's, you know, it's the ultimate open ed gathering of all open education practitioners. So I hope someday, you know, you can come if not in this year's conference. And also because CCCOER is part of the Open Education Consortium, we have the OER Global 2018. I believe that would be in April. Proposals are still being accepted and it will be due October 23.  You'll see a lot of those events listed. And of course, stay in touch through our community email. The link is here. You know, sign up. I think as of now we have about 600 people in our CCCOER listserv. It really is very helpful, especially if you are just starting with your OER project in your colleges. And our next webinar will be on October 25. That will be coinciding with the celebration of Open Access Week. We will have a series called Open in order to share and how open access repository support institutional OER adoption. And if you want to contact any of us, our email is here and you can also follow us via Twitter. If you have any questions, you can ask them now. Okay, let me just take a look at. Okay, Serge is asking, has anyone else experienced a delay in gaining access to the CCCOER listserv? Regina, this is Una. I'll take that one. Okay. This is Una. I do have one of my executive board managers that listserv. And so if you've experienced a delay, you can contact us directly. However, what really helps us to get people on the list quickly is if you apply with your college email address. So if you apply with a Gmail address and with, we don't really know who you are and because this is a community of practice reserved for educators, we really want to make sure that this is about education and it doesn't become a sales channel. So if you can apply with your college email address and your complete name, we can add you very quickly. Otherwise, we need to send out an email to you and find out a little bit more about you. So that might be why you're experiencing a delay. Thanks for asking that. Yeah, we have a question here from Cynthia about librarians creating OERs and how do we define curation in relation to OER. I'll answer that first, Cynthia. When we say curating OER, it's mostly the discovery. So finding what OERs are being used across other community colleges. And that's where the CCCOER lists serve would really come in handy because the lists serve really gives a lot of information regarding adoptions by other colleges. And yeah, basically just, you know, finding all the different resources that a faculty might be able to use for the courses. And Tina has something to add to. Tina? I think I might be the one who talked about curating. What I have found is that sometimes you will find like a video or, well, let me just use the case of the One Lib Guide that I made for the World Cultures class. I wanted to take one chapter of a OER textbook. And I just wanted that one chapter. The teacher didn't want students to think they had to read 80 pages. They just wanted that one chapter. And so I was able to take that out. And so I could put it in Google Docs where both the instructor and I could get to it. I could put it in the Lib Guide. And so sometimes I save things like I will save a download of video that's downloadable and save it and keep it in either on the, you know, the school's share drive or in Google Docs or someplace where I know it's going to stay. And it's not going to, you know, change or disappear or the link break or something like that. It's not a huge problem, but until it arises and then it's a huge problem. So that's what I meant by curating. And I think a mod here, Tina is asking about how did you find finding funding to get started. Okay, we got, we had an internal grant of $5,000 from our foundation and it was called an innovation grant. And that's what we used. We offered 10 faculty members $5,000 we had to adapt one of their courses to OER. And that was great. It was very successful. It kickstarted things and we got going. But it that was all that's all there was. And I haven't been able to find funding anywhere else. So that's that could be a start. If you could find like a innovation grant or a foundation grant or something like that doesn't take much $5,000. Yeah, for our case here here at LCC we didn't start. When we started with our OER initiative we didn't have any funding. So we relied on our faculty's desire to save their students money. So it was only actually this semester when, you know, we have already saved more than a million dollars since fall 2015. And we've been gaining a lot of publicity statewide that our administration decided to really empty it up and scale it by providing half a million dollars for faculty incentives. And awards towards adopting and creating OER. So it can be done even without or with little funding. So Karen has a question about predatory publishing and how this relates to OER. Okay, so is there anyone who wants to answer that? It or publishing it more is with the open access journals. OER really in my, you know, in the experience that I have working with OER since OER have open licenses. It allows everyone to use it whether it's for commercial purposes for whatever purpose that they wanted to be used, which is really good because of the open licenses inherent to OER. So anyone else have a question? Claudia, yes, actually there is. I just forgot the title, but if you go to SUNY OER, they have an OER there specifically for information literacy and research. So, yeah, it's there. I just have to take a look at the, yes, Alexis, thank you. Yeah, I remember that because I've, you know, I've read it and I've downloaded it. So thank you, Alexis. Oh, and Virginia Tech also has one. And Maude also has a question. Okay, how did you promote the idea of OER to faculty? Okay, I can speak for what I did here at LCC. Really, you have to frame it towards what is the problem you're really trying to solve.  How much did you pay for a textbook? And our students were not buying textbooks and they are spending a lot of money, you know, for textbooks. And so we really framed it in a way that would help our students be successful, providing them with access to learning materials from day one of the class. And a lot of our faculty really buy into that access and social justice issue. And of course it helped too that we flew in a lot of speakers. David Wiley, Nicole Allen, Nicole Finkbinder, Una came to LCC and a lot of our faculty really became inspired. And Regina is very persuasive too. Yeah, I was told that they can't refuse me so. And once in the psychology program once faculty are very committed to students and once we started with with intro and we got the entire 35 courses using intro using the textbook using the OER. It kind of caught on and people thought, well, you know, this can be done and this is a good thing. So it's expanded psychology is part of the social science program and so it's kind of expanded into other social science, sociology, humanities courses, history, so it's, it's spreading, and it's a good, a good spread. I'd like to add something here. I think that that there are lots of ways to promote this to faculty. We've certainly used our professional development day. We, if I find if there's announced that there's a new OER textbook for a particular course I will email the faculty members in that field and let them know that. But you, we can't assume that faculty love the textbooks that they have. They don't, they don't love them. In fact, I don't think faculty. You know, they, they, they want to do a lot of different things. They're very creative people. And so this is, you can, you can certainly promote it as freedom of academic freedom to Mark DeLong is really wanting me to tell you this, this semester we, we got lunch bags, brown paper bags and put some pen, a pen, a button, some sticky notes that had our OER logo on it, and an apple and then we went and got some really good cookies from a local bakery. And we delivered these little lunch bags to all of the teachers who are teaching with open textbooks this semester, and either delivered them to the offices or we put them in their mailboxes. And they had a big sticker on it said, thank you for saving NMC, it's $167,000 this semester. That, that's a lot of lunches that they could buy instead of buying a textbook. So things like that, they work, they're fun. I also want to give the ed tech people in your, in your school, they're your natural allies, they're the people who, who know about online learning and who know how to make technology do the things they wanted to do. So they, if you're, if you're trying to put together an OER team. Don't forget those ed tech people they're crucial to this operation. Okay Karen asks what resistance have you encountered to using OER any. Most of the, most of the pushback that I hear is the time involved. Because while OERs are free, it's really not free for faculty to adopt it, you know, it's, it's essentially a course redesign, combining, especially if you're combining multiple OERs together. That, that was the, the biggest complaint that I get from our faculty that they want to be compensated for the time that they put in creating a course using OER. And then that's what we've done, you know, with the grant or the faculty award that we are now making available for our faculty to get paid. So, yeah, it's, it really is the time element.  So, yeah, I mean, Elizabeth and Sharon, maybe you can speak to, to this too, being a faculty. Actually, Elizabeth had to leave because she's doing this from her, from her day job. She, she had a three o'clock meeting, but it's, that's a perfect example. And, but there are always faculty creative and hardworking faculty who are willing to do it, even if they're not being compensated. That was, that was the biggest pushback in the psychology program is it's going to, it's going to be a lot of work to change textbooks. But OpenStacks did have some ancillary materials, a test bank, instructor resources, PowerPoint slides. So that, that was helpful. And the money helped too. And actually, our college, several people have taken sabbaticals. And on their sabbaticals, they've developed OER, they've written textbooks, written their own textbook, written their own materials, or pulled together OER materials that were already out there. So we've also gotten time to do it. Yeah. Yeah, thank you. Thank you, Sharon. Yes, a number of our full-time faculty also got, you know, took a sabbatical just to write an OER. So we are, so we have three already. I know we are written by faculty and there's two more coming as a result of a sabbatical this semester. So we're, we're almost at the top of the hour and really, really enjoy doing this webinar with you. If you have any more questions to Tina or myself, just feel free to send us an email. We'd like to thank Elizabeth and Sharon for doing it, doing it with us too. And I hope you get as much as, you know, as much information as you were expecting from this webinar. Thank you again. Thank you. Yeah, and see if you're attending Open Ed in two weeks. I'll see you there.


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