As-Salaamu Alaykum and welcome to tonight's live show on Imam Hussein TV. In tonight's live show we'll be looking at hopefully something that's going to reach out to the wider audience in particular women, she, sisters, sources and the programme tonight is looking at the image of women in she tradition. Now I've grown up here in UK all my life and there's been a notion as it were growing up here in the mosques, visiting the imambagas, centres that at times we have token figures such as Fatima al-Zahra As-Salaam, her daughter also, that these are at times token figures. We at times hear about their narrations, the crying as it were, but there at times has been a stereotype that women cannot supersede men in knowledge, spiritually as well. And as a result tonight's programme is going to be looking at these notable figures. Are they, is it really a mirage that women cannot progress if Islam claims to be dynamic, culturally aware of all sources, that it claims not to have racism and prejudice? I mean, when I was growing up here there was a huge degree of conservatism placed, segregation, women on one side, men on the other side, so therefore we'll be looking at the credence given or lack of credence given to women throughout the ages from the holy Atul-Bait to write down to the latter day figures such as Shahidah Bint al-Khuda, sister of Ayatollah Baka of Sada, also been a Shahid, and therefore we'll be looking also at the changes involved. Is there a change for Reformation? Is there a change in terms of Ishtar? What can we do? With me tonight, we also have our regular guest, Dr Sayyid Al-Mu'ala al-Pshawani. Salam alaykum. Welcome to tonight's live show. It's been a pleasure again once again having you. Thank you. Tonight's show, hopefully we'll reach out to the wider audience. I will do appreciate if you can call in. The telephone number for telephone calls is 0203 5150 119. You can also WhatsApp your messages on 07 939 917 163. Once again 07 939 917 163. So I don't want anyone thinking, well, there's two bloke's sitting here talking about something that's in relation to just women. So please do voice your questions, your comments, and hopefully we can provide a fulfilling live discussion and an analysis as it were in terms of what's required, what's taken place over the ages as it were saying that. So perhaps you can perhaps talk about, first of all, as I mentioned briefly, I, and I'm sure many other brothers as well, ancestors as well on the outside, have grown up in the West and I'm sure also in the East as well, witnessing well, you go to a wedding, you go to the mosque, there's women on one side, men on the other side. There's no interaction. People from other communities, non Muslim communities, as it were, say, well, you're a little bit backward. What's going on here? You actually say that you have given women rights first and foremost. Yeah. So we'll probably talk about that. Sure. Sure. And then also we would probably talk about the notable figures mentioned in the Quran, i.e. female figures first and then take it through there, hopefully as a journey in terms of what's required and what's going on. Sure. The title is an interesting title because instead of image of woman and Shi'a tradition, I think it should be images of woman rights and Shi'a tradition. Okay. There are being different phases as to the image of the woman within Shi'a tradition. Are we talking about a lady who is in some Shi'a tradition scenes being born from the fruits of heaven? Or are we talking about, for example, the daughter or the wife of a member of the Ali, for example, Ali or Ahlul Bayt background? Or are we talking, for example, of scholars who have sought to serve the religion who are known women of their time? So you don't really have an image. Rather, you have images which you have to consider. Right. Couple that along with a very important notion that has to be discussed and that is how culture affects the way we perceive our gender responsibilities and sometimes not so much religion or how culture has a major role in the way that that tradition is formulated. Right. Remember for a long time, Shi'aism was seen as being Middle Eastern centric, you know, your many of the greatest scholars are scholars from Iraq, scholars from Iran, scholars from Lebanon. And there is a certain culture, therefore, that's associated with the way the scholar may write or may formulate a discussion concerning women. Okay. I remember Khalid, I will follow in one of his works mentioned something interesting, which has stuck with me for a long time. And that is, there is no doubt that 1% of the way the law maker in that particular society provides us with that law is affected by his upbringing or his background. Yeah. And so therefore, even when it comes to women within Shi'a tradition, I think there needs to be an appreciation that culture has an effect on tradition as well. No text can be studied without the context. And no text emerges in a vacuum. Text certainly is emerging at a certain period in the way the woman is perceived. Yeah. Yeah. Therefore, there are a number of images, which we then begin to pick and choose, which to take and which to reject, right, which suits us, which doesn't or which doesn't, which to place on the pulpits, and which to never mention. We may mention Fatima the Zahra Alayhi Salam to a certain point where she is more metaphysically understood than as an exemplar for modern day society. Because that person who may be given the sermon, that's the Fatima he wants to present. Yeah. Because if he presents a Fatima who is outspoken, a Fatima who may be able to give, let's say a lecture in front of the woman of her time and the man and the man and the man. Then that person, even from the pulpit, who's meant to be sincere with the knowledge that they're disseminating, may also be wary of what they want the community to progress in, rather than what could be established as paradigms in early Shi'a. And that's why what you have in the world today is this battle, a battle between a group that sometimes are labeled unfairly as feminists to look at them negatively, who are saying that look, within the tradition, there is enough evidence for us to reformulate our understanding of the prophetic message. Okay.  Now, then they're fighting a group who are like anyone who's speaking for the reformulation of the rights of women must be part of the Western imperialist foreign policy movement to destroy Islam. I'm sure you've seen that. And therefore bad. And so these two are now fighting each other. Because with these two, what you have is you've got one group of them who are like, listen, we're being sincere. There's Fatima, it's mobahela. She's meeting Christians. It's a political event. So can we not therefore have women in our community in politics and representing the religion of Islam? And then you've got the other side who may turn around to them and say, you people keep speaking out for these things. This is typical of you people who grew up in the West. Ironically, it's not just people who grew up in the West. No, no, not at all. I mean, there are people who East as well. And the East who have seen a lot more oppression in my humble opinion than those in the West when it comes to the rights of education for a female within her tribal system. So yeah, there's a major battle happening now. Right. And remember the image of Islam very much is related to the image of woman. Yeah. What's the stereotypical image of an oppressed Muslim? Muslim woman wearing hijab, wearing a kitchen. It's always children. Exactly. That's the stereotype in a housewife. Correct. Yeah. Now when that's the stereotypical image, therefore, the reanalysis of this image or our understanding of the position of the woman within tradition is fundamental to the way our religions perceive. Yeah, of course. And remember, we don't live in a world where the religions that were the most ancient religions, a number of their followers don't follow them the way they used to. So when they're looking at the way Islam discusses an issue, many are looking with a secular lens, a secular mindset. And therefore, this makes this discussion even more sensitive. Right. But in terms of the if we just start from Allah's book, the Holy Quran, what female figures come to light as it were, you know, that a, women can also take examples from but also be men as well, that, you know, these are highly respected, highly regarded women that are and these messages, these verses, the Holy Quran is reflecting isn't just for women. This is for the world at large. I think there has to be a new paradigm and the understanding of the way we approach the Holy Quran. Firstly, to be just to all creation irrespective of whether it's male or female. Justice is our barometer. Secondly, that Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala creates us both with the ability both with the same essence, same origin. And I think that there's something problematic here for some because within tradition, when you see that Eve, it's created from the rib of Adam or that Eve is the cause of and this can be seen in in even in Abrahamic religions that Eve was the cause of the original sin was the cause of the fall from heaven. When you look in the Quran, God wants justice to be established. One person wants us all to establish justice with one another. Reminds us that he's created us male and female, different races, different tribes in order to get to know one another and that the best amongst us in the eyes of God are the men. No, the best amongst us in the eyes of God are the woman. No, the best amongst us in the eyes of God are the most God conscious and the one who has the most consciousness of their Lord's presence in their life. Don't tell me they're a man or a woman. I created you male and female, different races, different tribes in order that you get to know one another, the best amongst you is the one with the most Taqwa. Once we've established this, then you see certain verses in chapter 33 of the Quran where Allah says the Muslim man, Muslim woman, Muslim man, believing man, believing woman, fasting man, fasting woman, always a reminder. They're both seeking these lofty goals. Then after that, you've got certain women who are discussed. But I don't think discussed even within Shi'ite tradition with the depth that they deserve. Okay. You know, like the Queen of Sheba, for example, God mentioned her. Why don't we mention her more? Yep, during the time of Hazrat Suleiman, half the world is hers. Half the world's Suleiman. She finds her way to the Lord. When she could easily rest on her laurels.  Everyone respects her. The men around her are virtually subservient to her. Like, they won't make a decision without her approving. And, and it's as if God's showing in that one particular story that here's a woman leading men, but remarkably composed.  This is what you know, you'll hear from the from the pulpits a lot. I'm sure you'll agree with me. This is the classic default understanding. It's a precursor. Yeah, as in, and this is I suppose what many of our mothers were raised on. Yeah, you either raised on the fact that you're going to grow to your teenage years.  And that's your role. And emotionally, because you're not stable, that means that we can't really put you in positions of at the helm. I suppose, as you mentioned, say now, women who have knowledge are seen as being dangerous to many communities. I think Sulaiman, alaihi salam, even when he sees the Queen of Sheba, I can't use the word rattled because I can't disrespect the prophet of God like that. But a prophet of God is just like any other person, you know, sending gifts, bribes, what's happening over here, you know, what's she trying to do? Yeah. Who is this person that the hood hood has come late? You know, the hood hood, the Hoopo bird is meant to come to me on time. Yeah, I'm trying to establish a just system over here. But this Hoopo bird is not here. Where are you? And the Hoopo bird, you know, Sulaiman stories, it's really mystical story where the birds and the gin and everyone's yes, you know, speaking in unison and and the Hoopo bird is amazed. By the way, this woman runs her her state.  And so you got this lady who the Quran wants to make sure is mentioned. Whether it's in Sola 27, whether it's in Sola 34, the Quran is stressing that she has to be mentioned. Given her due respect as you given her due respect and sat and I think that sometimes in our communities, the first place people go to Mary, mother of Christ. Yeah. But if you're looking for somebody who is actually running the show with such class, you know, there's a natch about her like a queen and one of the best ways in which I believe that she shows her class. When she sees her throne next to Sulaiman and they ask us that you're thrown and she's like, it looks like it's my fault. Yeah, it's this really clark because they never admit. Yeah. There's a sense of a almost female decorum. Yeah. But when you're looking within she a tradition, I don't think there's much about this lady. You know, you may have the Tafasir which talk about the story that's there, but building a paradigm from the queen of Sheba Belqis. Yes. So you've got that there. Then generally within the Quran, you've got snippets of references. Sure. You know, to to certain women in their positions, we mentioned Mary, Asya, the wife of Pharaoh. But I just feel that with Asya Hajj and so on, you've got this spiritual element which I think many have come to the idea that yes, you know what spiritually our mothers are so devoted to Allah, they hold Majalis and so on. But with the Queen of Sheba, you've got this thing where it's like, hold on that paradigm that you always build that God views woman as you must have babies, you're emotional, you can't lead men. No, actually, I'm gonna I'm gonna tell you the story of when her and Sulaiman interacted. Yeah. Yeah. So if you're looking there, I think something can be built there which really hasn't been built. Right. I mean, you gave a brilliant example there. Perhaps, perhaps just an opinion here. She was perhaps the early, you know, day sort of equivalent, maybe not equivalent, but very similar to Bibi Khadija Sulaiman as a businesswoman outgoing, you know, and looking to expand as you know, not in a in a bad way or anything or in a feminist way. So perhaps, as you mentioned, you know, we should be talking about these notable figures and and really strive to take what examples we can take. I think what you see was say the Khadija and with, for example, another wife of the Prophet, such as Aisha, you've got two women who take the helm amongst the men of their time. Right. One emerges with unbelievable success where, you know, they're calling her the pure one, you know, the Princess of Quraish, very highly revered. And you've got another one who many are absolutely baffled until today by her behavior at the Battle of the Camel. Yeah. But no one can reach a conclusion because of how Aisha behaved at the Battle of the Camel.  Look at Aisha at the Battle of the Camel. She leads thousands of men to kill each other.  But that's for another discussion. But what you have here is I find it quite unbelievable that there are certain academic scholars out there who are like, look at Aisha, look at her leadership qualities. I'm not going to go that far and say because a lady led men in a battle, that means that this is the proof for why ladies have to be given leadership positions because that was an absolute calamity. What happened there? You know, but we'll say the Khadija, alaihi salam. No, that's that's that's beautiful. Yes. Naturally, there's a class difference. You can't discuss both in the same in the same way. But we'll say the Khadija, alaihi salam. What you have is that you've got this, you know, real calmness, knowing how to talk to which man who to employ to talk to. Yes. So now we will be looking at probably the next question or next part of the discussion in terms of narrations. But just before we do, I think we have a caller, salamu alaykum. Salamu alaykum. The caller is disconnected. So just reverting back to this brilliant discussion today. Do you think so that there is a lack of narrators, first and foremost, and a lack of narrations, and also leading up from that lack of credence given to women? I think certainly within she a tradition, especially if you're looking at books on the narrators, you'd be hard pressed to find handful, maybe. Yeah, you'll be hard pressed to even find biographies about them. Okay, let's say there's some names of female narrators, but a biography is very hard to come by. Now, there may be different reasons that can be postulated why we don't have that many female narrators. One opinion may be that these female narrators, there was a more of a focus from them on, for example, legal and Quranic discussion. Whereas when you're looking at the idea of how many hadith they narrated, there wasn't so much of a discussion in terms of them being hadith narrators. There were discussions of theirs on law, for example, discussions on tafsir. But it's not like, for example, like how maybe with other schools in Islam, where there's such a focus on a hadith orientated worldview that you're going to have much more of a of a social milieu at the time where being a hadith narrators is a huge thing. Okay, what you have within the Shia community in that early period is that possibly a lot of these women were more discussing legal and Quranic issues amongst their contemporaries. Then you have a second opinion, which may be that hiding their names was vital for their survival. Okay. If you come out with their names publicly, you know, there was a period where the Shia could not come out with the names of some of their men publicly. But just on that point, do you not also think, and correct me if I'm wrong, in terms of hadith, I think there are numerous traditions from the aimah, alaykum as-salam, and the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, that say, and this is this, by the way, as a stereotype goes through all the schools of thought, I think, okay, that the best place for a lady is to be hidden and hidden from a man and be at home and so on and so forth. Do you think that has been taken advantage of as well? Just that, just traditions like that? Yeah, I think there's definitely and therefore, therefore, that, well, you're not gonna hear from me. Yeah. Oh, I think certain cultures, you know, not even abused or destroyed it.  Yeah. And whether they lived in the US or they lived in London or they lived in parts of Iraq, for example, the parts of Pakistan and India, they would use certain traditions about women where they would blatantly say that, you know what, this is the hadith. And therefore, you cannot go to study, because no man should ever see you. And therefore, a woman's potential isn't being fulfilled to a degree. Yeah, or therefore, the woman is seen as being the cause of all the sexual deviancy. That the man is not to blame.  And therefore, what better thing to do than make sure that these women actually get married early. And you know, rear the children, upbringing, and then they've done their holy struggle, right? If you want to call it that. And as I said, there are other traditions as well, which that particular man, and let's not generalize as well. There are also fathers out there who looked at some of the great Shi'i women. Now we may say that we are many names in terms of the biographies. Yes, but we can't deny that if you take Fatima al-Zahra al-Islam out of the paradigm, considering we see her as infallible and so on, people may say, well, we can't relate to that. Okay, you can't say the Zaynab al-Salam in terms of the importance of gaining knowledge, the importance of dissemination of knowledge. You look at, for example, Filzah, the servant of Fatima al-Zahra who for the last 20 years of her life only used to speak Quran. Every verse she used to recite was the Quran. Then you look, for example, let's go a bit later. Let's not name necessarily only those who are related to Ahl al-Kasaa or Ashab al-Kasaa. Let's go a bit later. Hamidah, the wife of Imam al-Sadaq al-Salam. Imam al-Sadaq gives immense praise for his wife, Hamidah. She's not from the Ahl al-Bayt, not Benny Hashim. No, no. But she's the wife of an Imam, but he is so honored to tell the people that if you want to gain knowledge, go to my wife, Hamidah, for example. Sure. Say that we have another call. As-salamu alaykum. Alaykum as-salam, alaykum as-salam, sister. Yes, question please. We're not allowed to mix in mosques. And what his opinion is about that? Integration of men and women in mosques. Yeah, this is culture. And this really may come from the worldview of the resident alim of the mosque. Okay. If the people in that mosque are observing hijab, then there should be no harm in holding programs, lectures, seminars where the men and the women are in the same hall. Okay. Now, discretion of the scholar of the mosque may be that he says that we should seek to prevent any situation where there may be, for example, flirtatious behavior. Let's be frank. Stopping along those lines. There might be flirtatious behavior, too much mixing or interaction. But in this day and age, you want to get close to someone from the mosque, you go to Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter. I tell you, in my day when we were growing up in London, if you managed to speak to someone on MSN, you found it as an amazing success. You know, MSN messenger. That's right. Yeah. I think in your day, you guys were just before MSN messenger, but we used to find it amazing that we could go on MSN and we've got, or I should say maybe others have got a girl's email address or something. And now you're able to get it. But the moulin of that mosque may see that. But once again, there's this always this fear that's there that, you know what, because the woman are in the hall with the men, that means they're going to be the cause of the sexual deviancy that occurs. If we're observing hijab, us men, yes, like we always stress to the woman to observe. Sure. Yeah. And we know that when it first begun the verses, for example, tell the believing men to lower from their gaze. Then after that, it would say. So this is more culture than it is religion. You go to the grand scholars, you sit with them.  He'll have men and women sitting in the same room without a partition answering their questions. Right. Yeah. Right. Thank you for that. So then we had as we were continuing, we're saying that Hamidah wife of Imam al-Sadaq al-Islam. Yeah. Okay, going back to the al-Bait ladies. You've got the lady who we're honoring in these nights and many honor and because some may have the opinion that it's in these nights that she was she had passed away and and that is maybe Fatima. And here you've got a lady who is known for her name, narrator of Hadith al-Manzala Ali is to me like Aaron was to Moses, except that there is no prophet after me or narrator of the sermon of Ghadir, narrator of so many of the merits of Ahl al-Bait. Okay. These are all examines of people who are close or in and around the Ahl al-Bait circle. Okay. Then you've got ladies who I still think were able to build real lessons from who were ladies of great respect who can still be mentioned and you can write literature and biographies on them. In my opinion, Somaya, mother of Hamar bin Yasin, the first martyr in Islam. Sure. Asmaa bin Tawmais. Then you've got, for example, even Yazid's wife who speaks out against Yazid and what they had done to Imam Al-Hussein, then you've got, for example, people like the daughter of Roshayd Al-Hajari. Right. You know, so you've got people who are not necessarily from the Ahl al-Bait family, but they are good people. Not just good. They left a legacy behind. Roshayd Al-Hajari's daughter at the time when the Umayyads were rampaging and destroying people's lives stood up against them. Somaya stood up against the Quraish. Yeah. So, we've got that there. Question then is that on this area in particular of knowledge. Knowledge. You know, we tell a lot of the women that yeah, you should do these circles where you do Qur'an Tafsir, for example, and in the Qur'an Tafsir class, gather together and hold your Majalis and so on. Yeah. I don't think that is the highest level that they can reach. And I think if you're looking at Shia history, there are certain ladies in Shia history past and present. Okay. I'm talking post-occultation who are phenomenal in their knowledge. If you're looking at, for example, Fatima Sittil Mashaikh, the daughter of Shahid Al-Awwal. Okay. Shahid Al-Awwal, many in Qom and Najaf will study the work in Umal Damashqiya, the Damaskan Glitterine. His daughter and his wife for that matter, I think she was called Umali. These were phenomenal scholars. These weren't just the daughter of a scholar or the wife of a scholar. No. These were people who were immersed in the study of religion and the sciences of religion. You got also, for example, Sheikh Al-Baha'i's wife. You've got a lady, if I remember rightly and I hope I don't get her name wrong, Hamidah, if I'm not mistaken. Right. And even her daughter as well. She had written a tafsir of the istibsar of Sheikh Al-Fawzi. No one mentions this. These are colossal figures.  Um your main role is okay but also show them that if they are going out to seek knowledge, they can reach the highest levels of knowledge with the blessings of God.  Includes. And I guarantee you that maybe 80% have never read a chapter of the istibsar of Tawzi. I guarantee you. Take it from me. We'll come to that in a moment. Say it now. There's a question on via WhatsApp. Mariam from Chicago. I love watching your shows. I have a question for the Sayed. It's a very good question actually. Yeah.  But women are not allowed comma. Can women give Majlis lectures in front of men? Of course they can. Again, cultural, I'm presuming.  I want to gain knowledge. You want to gain knowledge. Yeah. Our culture has given that stereotype that it's found upon. Yes. Now, people will say, well, Zaynab was forced to give that sermon in front of Yazid. Um Kulthum wasn't. She stood up and gave one. Sakina Bint al-Hussein wasn't. She stood up and gave one. Yes. Fatima Al-Zar upon the confiscation of FedEx stood up with a group of ladies to go and insist on speaking. Now, okay, someone might say, well, there's a barrier around her and she created a barrier. Yeah. But she created a legacy. You don't need to remain silent. And number two, your knowledge can be destroying those men who are around you. If I now hear that there is a lecture to be given by the woman, my woman in my community, and it's very interesting, you know, when you come to our mosques, you'll notice that if a woman does go up to speak, let's say a fundraising event. Right. You know, these fundraising events, very difficult to speak already. I don't care which speaker you are. Why? Because they always tend to have this habit of putting food on people's table the moment you're speaking. So, you've already got knives and forks and you're trying to concentrate, which no one ever appreciates. And more interesting than all of that is when you've got, when you've got a woman speaking up there and you've got men literally on the front table with their back to the woman. So, instead of turning their chair around, I'm sure you see this in weddings. Very good point. In weddings, you'll have a Moulana who'll go up to speak. There's Moulanas on the table in front. They don't turn around. No. They're facing the audience. But Akhlaq and Shiazim will live for another day. That needs major re-addressing in terms of little bits of Akhlaq because I think we're mastering law and theology, but we've forgotten Akhlaq. Yeah. And a lot of those who mastered law and theology in some cases never were known for Akhlaq. Now, when you're coming here to this lady, this lady is giving a speech. You'll still have the Moulana sitting on his table. Is it that difficult for you, Moulana, to turn around? Can I turn around? Can I actually turn around? I don't think I can turn around because my mic is attached. But it's so difficult for that Moulana to, at that moment, just simply turn their chair and look at that lady. Why? Why, Moulana? For what reason can you not turn around and have a look at that lady? What reason? That's a human being number one. That's a person who's worked there socks off to gain knowledge. Traveled far and wide to gain knowledge. Maybe in some cases we'll give you something to learn. And I always say, when you go to approach any lecture, 70 percent is your attitude, 30 percent is your intellect. If you go with a good attitude to a lecture, you'll learn something. And these people will keep their back facing that person. And I find it disgraceful. And that's the arrogance that then permeates into their sons and sons and sons. There are some mosques that have worked hard. Okay. In recognition of these examples we gave, Sheikh Al-Baha'i's wife, Hamidah, who wrote the Tafseer of the Astab Sahr, you know, Shahid Al-Awwal's wife and daughter. I'll give you another example. If I'm not mistaken, Muhammad Taqil Majlis, you know Muhammad Taqil Majlis and Muhammad Baqir of the Majlis. So Muhammad Baqir of the Majlis always associated with Bihar al-Ahwaad. Muhammad Taqil Majlis's daughter, I think her name was Amina, married Al-Mazandarani. Okay. Famous scholar. Yep. She would in some cases answer questions on his behalf. SubhanAllah. You know, Azandarani is huge. Her dad, Muhammad Taqil, so there are some mosques I have to give credit to. They will always make an effort to say that men or women we can gain knowledge from both. They'll invite both. But there are others until today. I don't know who's going to change that mind. Yeah. So now wonderful insights. Viewers will be just going for a short break. See you very soon, inshallah. Tonight's live show on Imam Al-Sain TV, where we're looking at the image or the images of women in Shi'i tradition. Say now, as-salamu alaykum. Alaykum as-salam. Fascinating insight into tonight's show, I think. I just want to fast forward a little bit because there's a lot of content. Hopefully, inshallah, we can discuss and share with our viewers and hopefully sisters. The point of Ijtahal or Mala-ja, as it were, reaching a level whereby you can actually dissect and provide levels of jurisprudence because obviously it's totally, totally, the Mala-ja system is totally male orientated. Not to say that there aren't ladies who possess that knowledge. But do you think this a change or reformation involved? What are the countering arguments? What if we claim to be dynamic? What's required now? Because this is a quite a... I think it's culture. Again, culture. That stops a woman in Shi'i tradition from being a Marja Taqleid. Right. But there's no law, as it were, from the Ayyama Mas'al-meen to say that... Let's, for example, look at someone, you know, if you look at someone like Ayatollah al-Kho'i, may Allah bless his soul, grand jurist, you know, phenomenal personality. Sheikh Ahmad Mehdi Shamsuddin was one of his shudhans from Lebanon. I think he died in 2001. Another great scholar. Okay, okay. And they have an interesting discussion on this area. Just a bit, just to poise, I don't mean to be rude. We have another caller and then we'll come back to meet Elisa now. Salaamu alaykum. Salaamu alaykum. Very honored to see Mr. Ammar Makshwani. I learned so much from him. Salaamu alaykum. I think it's a bit too... And you know... Sorry, Sayyidna. Just in terms of Ayatollah al-Kho'i student. Yeah, Ayatollah al-Kho'i. He passed away in 2001 you mentioned, yeah. And his shuna, Sheikh Ahmad Mehdi Shamsuddin, renowned Lebanese scholar of... Some repute. Some repute and someone who had studied in Najaf for a great deal of his life and there's a great back and forth on this area.  I just want the prescription, the remedy and what have you. Absolutely. If I go to a lawyer, if the best lawyer in the western world is a female, I don't really care if she's finished law school and she can win any case, that's my main concern. And so what you have is... The question is then posed that if you're studying Islamic law, a man's going to study Islamic law in Qom, and a woman's going to study Islamic law in Qom, both have to start off with the muqaddamat, with the first stage, then Soto, then Bahad Kharij. And then at the Bahad Kharij level, they may have written certain books on tefsir, for example, or they may have given certain hijazes. Why is it that that alim who has written on Osul on tefsir, given hijazes, can still make it to announcing his marja'iya whereas that same contemporary of his. Let's look for example, someone like Nusrat Ameen, renowned female mujtahida. No one ever says she was a marja, say mujtahida. Okay. She reached the level of ijtihad. She doesn't have to do taqleed of anyone. Why couldn't we do taqleed of her? She has reached the level of ijtihad. Is it just because of her gender? And this lady, her daughter, her niece, all of it's a family of scholars, and they made sure that they built an organization where ladies were able to study, and she has 15 volume tefsir of the Quran, and she is a contemporary of some of the most famous jurists in Qom. Okay. Who, I think she was born in, if I'm not mistaken, 1886 and died in 1983. Right. All right. So you can imagine the names of some of the scholars in that period. Yeah. They made it to being known as marja taqleed, whereas with her, even though she's given hijazes, handed out hijazes to scholars, no. Why not? Some of the grand scholars said that there are certain traditions from the Ahlul Bayt that indicate that you should only go to men when you're dealing with legal issues. Right. So if there's a tradition, for example, from Imam al-Sadaq, where he says, go to the rajal of our community when there's a problem between you. So they said, look, he says, go to the rajal, go to men. It seems like what the Imam is really saying is go to our Shi'a when there's a problem between you. Don't go to non-Shi'a when resolving dispute. Or some, for example, may cite a hadith like don't put your affairs in the hands of a woman. Any nation that does that is going to be ruined. Right. Context possibly about Kisra's daughter of Persia ruining the nation, not about Queen of Sheba or other women who done well with their nations. Some might look at books like Nehj al-Balaghah. And if they see a sermon, women are deficient in faith, deficient in intellect, you've seen that naqasat al-akul, famous sermon in Nehj al-Balaghah, women are deficient, women are deficient, women are deficient.  He's, you know, really looks down at women. Nehj al-Balaghah is not Imam Ali's book. You know, Nehj al-Balaghah is the work of Sharif al-Razi. May Allah bless his soul. Right. The two great brothers, we had the scholar, Sharif al-Razi and Sharif al-Murta. So, Shamsuddin has an interesting, I think, back and forth in looking at the fact that when you've got Nusrat Amin, who's passed away, may Allah bless her soul, or you've got someone like Zohra Safati and you've got others in Iran and Qom, ladies who have achieved brilliant levels, and yet we're adamant that, well, socially speaking, she is a woman. So, yes, she's reached the level of which they had, but she should stop there because after that, when you want to come and visit her, and they start bringing up all different reasons, you know, maybe emotional, maybe this or that, this person's work there sucks off to study the greatest manuals of theology and law. Yes, yes. What's wrong if I want to follow her and emulate her? And I think you are seeing a shift that there are a couple of scholars in Qom who have begun to give arguments as to why, for example, a woman should be allowed to announce herself as a merger. Okay, okay. We have two or three questions now. I'll come back to that point, because I just wanted to come to go to that point about the traditions in terms of the validity of who we should follow, i.e., as you mentioned, according to some, it should be through men only. But we'll come back to that. Let me just read out a couple of questions. I'm Mariam Jabal from Norway. The women of Ahlulbaid showed great leadership on how they can be successful business women, outspoken lecturers, excellent housewives and mothers. We have great number of examples from the women of Ahlulbaid on how all of these things can be achieved, all at the same time, but in this day and age, I don't feel we are much respected as women in the community, because we always have to sit at the back of the mosque. That's one point. Men always get the big nice venue. We sit segregated in the mosque, but yet in real life we work in a mixed environment, going back to the point you mentioned. From a mixed environment with women from different cultures. How can we change that and start to give leadership roles to the women in mosques, please? That's the first point. And the other one is, Asalaamu Alaikum, what should be the role of a mother after her son gets married? That's quite key, actually. It sounds very basic. So, what should be the role of a mother after a son gets married? But also, the first question in terms of leadership in terms of... Well, I say to Maryam firstly, you're lucky you can sit at the back of the mosque. There are some ladies who for years were thrown in a basement where they were lucky the whole building didn't fall on them. You know, and that's sadly, what I would say is at the beginning that okay, lack of space and so on, and there are some women who actually enjoy being on the ladies side, away from the gents, because they believe maybe if they want to be, for example, taking their hijab off and sit comfortably with their kids and so on, but I think you'll find a lot of them will say, I want to be sitting face to face with the speaker, so that I'm able to actually interact. Right. And there's a big difference when you have eye contact with a speaker who's making a point rather than on a television screen. But I must admit that there are a lot of mosques now who are gradually recognizing the need for seminars where men and women are the same or the need for, definitely on the first level, a chairwoman and a chairman. Okay, good point. Yes. And inshallah in the future going towards a presidency of a mosque or leadership of a mosque, of a woman and a man. And I think there are a lot of ladies in our communities who deserve a lot of respect for representing the Ahl al-Bait and their followers wonderfully in the world of social work, in the world of economic and political work. So hopefully the Western demographic can set a real example for us there. Yeah. Okay. Questions are coming thick and fast. So the next one was what should be the role of a mother after a son gets married? Then I'll read out another one subsequent to that. Salam. My name is Fatima Shakargi from Croydon. Question. Salam. I went to the Islamic event with a speaker asked women not to recite salwat louder than men because of the rules of hijab. Is this religion or culture? So the first one was the role of a mother after a son gets married. Maybe it's too generic, I'm not sure. The role of a mother after the son gets married is always to be a backbone for that couple. Not just a son. Well, of course not just her son. Not to be a burden on the son where he has to emotionally balance his love for his mom, for his wife. But rather to be someone who's a backbone for them. And many mothers you'll find emotionally try their hardest to welcome the daughter in law as their own daughter. And those who aren't, may Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala open their hearts to be softer. Right. The next question was about ladies reciting du'lud salwat loud or allowed as it were. So the speakers that don't do it? So louder than men because of the rules of his job? So that's what the speaker mentioned. Is this religion or culture? If that's what really happened then people are pedantic. Okay. I'm absolutely fine. Why you just get on with your content if you've got content just get on with it and let's have a lecture. Okay, we have another two questions. Salaamu alaikum brothers. Hoping and praying you are both well. Got a question and hope. Respected Seyed Amar can shed light on this topic. When I go to Pakistan to visit families and I speak to my cousins and they mentioned that they have big dreams of doing well in life such as becoming a doctor, engineer, etc. I mean in a good career. But they are stopped by parents according to them if their daughters are too well educated. Now this is definitely this prominent in the Indo-Pac community. Perhaps not just Indo-Pac. Oh, okay. Okay. Not just Indo-Pac. It happens in Iraqi community as well. Arab community generally. Yep. Yeah. So I suppose he's posed the question. I believe this is all culture. How can this culture be broken? That families will allow their daughters who are bright in education and passionate about working to be allowed to succeed from Ali Kazmi in London. Pakistan has got some of the most educated woman I've ever come across. And has had a woman of the helm which certain first world countries still haven't. Yeah. But at the same time like any country there are certain areas where culture overtakes religion. Mm-hmm. Where people are too extreme in the way they view things. Mm-hmm. Problem is if the Maulana from the mimbara saying to the ladies, don't do salawat loud, how do I expect the ones under the mimbara to be God's gifts on earth for how to look after their daughters in their future? Yeah. Your daughter, she's going to get educated, seeking knowledge is of course obligatory on every male and female. And we should have more confidence in our daughters as being great role models in the way the daughters of Ahl al-Dait were for them. Okay, two questions and then hopefully we can go back to where we were discussing because I think they're coming in quite fast now. As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. My name is Aspart Abdullah Adem from Ghana. Yeah. West Africa. I think our problem we have in Africa towards our women in Shi'ism is the education especially the Shi'ism teaching. I mean holds up for women. Now I don't think he's explained himself that well. What I think he means is- Or she. Or she is, you know, our women in Shi'ism in education, what can we do to promote it? Possibly. So I'm, you know, I'm just really trying to put parts of the question together as it were. It may be- I don't know if they'll enjoy when they go to study in Najaf or Qom. Right. And what about holds up in Africa? Like if we stick to Najaf and Qom. I don't know if someone who's gone there to study Islam is really going to enjoy that environment. Takes a certain type of person to enjoy. Tolerance. Tolerance. Culture. Is there? Tolerance and- In terms of conditions. Not to be, you know- Yeah, I don't even look at the environment or the number of beds in the room. I'm not too focused on that stuff. No, in terms of facilities for example.  Right. I don't know. I don't know how many of these things need to be reassessed. I don't know if it's a particular type of character. Okay. Who can fit into that.  Right. Like any religious seminary. Okay, so- I think in Ghana, for example, if they're able to- if they're able to have there's many great scholars we know from Ghana, you know, our good friend, Sheikh Noor, Sheikh Jalil and others. And if they can have some of those need the Hausa in Ghana. Right. The Sha'a to all my, you know, friends in Ghana, I received so many well-wishers from Ghana. I'm doing it. And hopefully one day we'll go Insha'Allah. To Ghana. But yeah, if you can start off your own seminary there, there's no harm going to the Middle East to study. But I think if you know your culture, you know the context of your own legal system and comparison to Islamic law. Yes. Maybe more fruitful discussions. Okay. The last question, just for the moment, we'll take Insha'Allah some more. Salam Ranim Raza, the name. Can you elaborate on working women in hospital, like a female doctor, had to touch na'amahram for examination or diagnosis or dressing of a wound, for example. Also asking questions to na'amahram people and involving in conversation for the benefit of the patient. So I suppose what this person's asking is, is it Jihad? Yeah, well, Islam always says priority is to save one's life. So if you're in a moment where you're saving the life of the human being, there is no harm. Otherwise, then in that situation, as a female doctor, you may want to reconsider who you're allowed to interact with. Right. In terms of, especially if it's going to come to touching and so on. But in terms of, you know, helping people's lives, saving people's lives, operating on people's lives, there's no issues there. I think even if you're going to go to the very conservative level, you know, you're wearing gloves. Yeah. They don't always have to interact with the patient in terms of physical interaction. Sure. Way, you know, and if you do, there may be machines and the way there are ways to reconsider these issues. Inshallah, we'll have a separate program for all the biomedical doctors. Okay. Inshallah. And I'm sure it goes without saying, you know, it's common sense that you're near. You're near is to treat someone and not to, you know, do something else. Mind you, with doctors, many have various insane ears and sometimes some forget their oaths. Yeah. Okay. Just going back to the point that you mentioned about 10 minutes ago, I suppose, was there that when Arlen, perhaps shed light on that Jewish students should be taken or law should be taken from men. Yes. If we can probably just go back to that. Now, I just wanted to, just in terms of the research I was sort of conducting today, we mentioned, you mentioned actually, Bibi Hamidah al-Mosafah, the wife of Imam Jaffer, Sadaq al-Islam. In fact, I came across a quite interesting point today, which probably counters one of the points about that it should only go to men, in that it was actually her who actually introduced Bibi Najma to Imam Mu'tah al-Ghadeem al-Islam, a pious wife. Yeah. Well, that, that I think would be a mum helping out her son getting married and certainly knowing who best was for her son. Right. But I do think that when you're looking at someone like Hamidah al-Barbari, the wife of Imam Sadaq, there's a phenomenal lady. Right.  Many times you hear people say Fatima al-Zahra is great because she's the daughter of the prophet and she's the wife of Imam Ali. Fatima is Fatima. She's great. Yeah, that Fedek Sermon is not enough for you to see the spectacular ilm of Fatima. Quran, Hadith, theology, everything, spirituality in one sermon. Yes. I think likewise, but, you know, people, when they look at Fatima al-Zahra because it's always Fatima, metaphysical, born from an apple, from Jannah, from Mi'raj. Okay. So they can't relate to her. So then let's go to those who we can relate to. I said when you're looking at Shahid al-Awwal's wife, his daughter, Muhammad Taqil Majesty's daughter, Sheikh al-Baha'i's wife, Nusrat Ameen, Zahra Safat, others, these are phenomenal scholars who have studied more Quran and law than anyone out there. I'm not sure. Maybe we have to reconsider some of our arrogance in the way that we look at the other gents where we're like, Islam's a religion of rights to women. Islam's a religion of rights to women. Islam's a... But sometimes we're the first to say, but you guys, you know you're emotional, you're just meant to bring babies and you just stick there. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Now, just, let's move on to after specifically the period of the 11 holy imams, naturally, you have in my Wali al-Asr, my Mahdi al-Aslam in your Rehba at the moment, what has happened from that period to probably 11, 11, 50 years back to now, we've talked about the system which is unique to show you the school of thought in terms of the mojah system and that there's a need to follow a mojah, i.e. wajib, as it were. But what has happened to the women? Is it just literally collapsed until we fast forwarded up to, for example, only people that I've known and I'm as jahil as I am, you know, just people, for example, like Shahid bin Tal Huda. Yeah. What's happened in between that gap? Sure. Well, if we're going to be frank, Muhammad, we have to admit that God in his worldview mentions lots of men in the Quran. Right. Now, he's decided that all his prophets are men. And that's always the argument back that, look, God had 124,000 messages, they were all men. Yes. And yes, you can always mention Mary and Fatima, but, you know, when you come into the greatest woman, they're four. They're Mary, Fatima, Khadija and Asya and after that. And maybe that was the mindset of society, rather than how God necessarily wanted to set a particular barometer. That the mindset of society was that the woman isn't meant to be at the helm. I think when you're looking in the period of the Ghaybah, gradually you're seeing that even these names that I mentioned because there's someone more known than them in the public sphere. They don't get the plaudits. Okay. The world that we live in today, it don't take you a long time to get to Ghadib al-Ghorabah in Mashhad. You could Skype Mashhad. Maybe now you're going to see more of that. Female scholarship come to the fore. So now we have a call online. As-salamu alaykum. Hello. Hello. As-salamu alaykum. Alaykum As-salam. Alaykum As-salam. Yes. You're cool. How are you today? Alhamdulillah. My question, I have a two-part question actually. My first question is I'm from Edmonton and recently in Maldana here read that the Byzantines Rida was never snatched from her after Shabar Ash-Shul which was never happened. And my second question is my wife is a housewife and is there any recommendation spoke which you could learn Islam at home rather than going outside because she doesn't really have the time but she takes in everything. Okay. So I think the first question was about the snatching away of the Yeah. The snatching away of the veil of say the Zaynah. Yeah. The face veil was snatched away. Yeah. Not the full. No, no. Not the veil on the face veil. And the second part was And I could back it up with so much evidence but I don't want to go into it now. Sure. Because just in case someone says while you said that I can back it up with about five hours of evidence. Yeah. And I think the second part of the question from the brother from Edmondson Canada I think it was from always from just inquired about perhaps what sort of education his wife can be given as it were being a housewife as well you know being away from Hauzah which is a good point actually you know because we're living in those days and times where let's be honest we're either lazy or you know we're just giving that notion that we've got to do this we've got to do that and therefore you've got for example people like you're in Edmondson and if I'm not mistaken you would have come across the name of if not maybe you can look online Sheikh Hassanin Qasem Ali and Sheikh Hassanin who resides currently in Toronto has online courses. Right. For people to study every subject you can imagine fantastic service that he's offering right and if you want I could give the details if they send a message to the what's that Imam Qasem TV team we can send the details but Sheikh Hassanin Qasem Ali in Toronto for the general Canadian areas doing excellent online courses for anyone who wants to come to do that okay so the WhatsApp number once again is 0793 917163 so now we have two quick questions and then we'll go to this point which is quite important actually to actually to reanalyze as it were the effect or jurisprudence versus the principles of jurisprudence so if we just keep that in mind for the moment hopefully if you can possibly just answer very quick questions Asalaamu Alaikum most Shia women do not wear scarf in Europe why what do you think about that that's the first thing um alia rusmi ninks ruslan I'm not sure where she is from salam I work as a carer looking after older geriatric geriatric people sometimes I have to bathe and dress older men who are residents what is the law on this I do wear gloves so I think you've already touched an yeah that's we have our show coming up in terms of the interaction physically on these medical issues so we'll come to that too sure so those two questions yes in terms of the first one people not wearing hijab you know I think there's a lot of shia women out there muslim women who wear and don't wear they're on their personal journey and Allah will judge us exactly insha'Allah insha'Allah so now going back to the point about an analysis or reanalyzing feqh or jewish students versus the principles of jewish students in relation to women yeah what how does that you know what should be noted it's interesting you mentioned you know usul al feqh versus feqh and the principles of jewish women versus jewish prudence and ultimately feqh is our you know human understanding of what could be God's law that means there's gonna be a human element to the way we see the world there's gonna be a cultural element to the way we see things okay there's gonna be hadiths we don't use them to guide people we use them to sometimes back up our own world okay and that's the problem which i feel has to be reassessed right if i grew up in a house where the girls wore hijab like this i'm gonna look for those traditions that back up the way dad said our wives or our daughters should wear hijab okay even though what hijab is socially physically is open to discussion what was happening in medin at the time who was being affected by the hijab what were the ladies wearing what was the climate these are all things that have to be introduced into the usul al feq discussions text and context what is absolute what's relative where is their scope for reform on certain issues or not yeah even a lot more of a Quranic worldview where we bring in more verses of the holy Quran and the way that we're looking at these issues and also reevaluating the traditions that we're taking and which context where they said was their scope for change or reevaluation of them right and insha'Allah in future discussion insha'Allah and insha'Allah i think we've just got a few minutes so i'm just gonna quickly rush a few questions to you now this is i think quite important and i don't think the questions come through so hopefully insha'Allah you should shed some light on this i personally think what should she women do who should they look up to who can they go to these days um you know where can they get personal guidance from and that doesn't mean the obvious such as marriage divorce but in terms of practical living you know i think what we're seeing do they need clubs do they need their own centers do they need sort of you know interactive offices how can they develop themselves if you're looking at London as an example um there is a generation of shia women i would say the two you know mid 20s to mid 40s who i think are yearning for a central base for them and their family to meet on a regular basis and remember the best days of the Ahlul Bayt and the saddest days of the Ahlul Bayt so many centers but i think you've got it's really no man's land generation neither wholly focused on the Arabic not necessarily only on the English having to always protect the interests of their mums wherever they go but also wanting to have a community for their generation and their thought process their interests and i think this is a critical period now where they have to step up i think the men have to also be involved in all of this that's not about having seven eight mosques or others having about or having a place where that whole generation that mainly were born in the 80s are able to congregate with their young kids and the way i think the Khawja community has done so well for example firm rigid structure absolutely i like initiatives like Camp UK okay i like initiatives like Hassan Rajab Ali's camps that he does in the summer right where he's welcoming brothers sisters parents everyone to come and really interact with one another you know i i like these initiatives because ladies are learning from the ladies and gents gents are learning from the ladies and gents you know what i mean so there's a real interaction that generation but that's only for a couple of weeks that's right yeah we need that going throughout the whole year that cohesion and those excuses that you know what it's not really there you know it's a shame that for example imam al-askar is Shahada's on Friday and you'll have you know certain ladies bought up in London in their late 20s in their late 30s who may not go to any centre with their sons or daughters to learn about imam al-askar who's the father of the man they reveal the most yeah absolutely but inshallah we'll work towards rebuilding that okay so in terms of the i mean i can say really what i'm looking to sort of probably sort of pose right at the end is the stop and starts that've taken place we've spoken about cultural differences but do you also think certainly from well during the time of that holy adobe in imam al-askar to possibly you know these last 800 years the munafiqeen bani abbas says bani umayyah have played a detrimental impact in hiding narrations narrators female narrators do you mean men and women men and women yeah yeah yeah i think on the first level that has that has really i think on the first level from the time of imam al-sadaq until the time of imam al-askari there were some really really sad periods for the talibid or the alid line especially the females in some cases in the period of mutawakil having to share one piece of cloth between 10 ladies so even if you wanted to go out there and gain more knowledge or disseminate that knowledge you were already facing very difficult times and then if there were any great ladies of that period a lot of these narrators will not mention them or they mention them a line or two maximum about them but i think many applies to the men i think the women in that period of the ahl al-bayt some of the shi'ab al-bayt there was a great amount of taqiyyah okay and i find it interesting when people i remember someone was telling me that people were saying you shi'ab taqiyyah taqiyyah hey buddy did you ever think why we do taqiyyah it's because of the viciousness of animals like yourselves killing anyone who opposed you that we had to conceal our faith otherwise if islam was in a healthy position after the prophet muhammad passed away a group wouldn't have to conceal their faith islam the religion of peace how interesting yeah yeah well insha'Allah we'll discuss insha'Allah we've got just i think two or three minutes so just a note of thanks as it were from one brother imran Shah he's really enjoying and he wants to give his slums to you wa alaykum as-salam we said that you know how can we bring up our kids especially daughters according to sadafatim as-salam wa alaykum as-salam and respected ladies of Ahlulbayt so that's one thing who wants to say that you are an inspiration thank you and so that's one part and finally possibly talking about any role models in this current period say now that you can possibly mention the mums the mums are but also so perhaps female scholars well like i mentioned earlier you mentioned nusrat i mean yeah nusrat i mean zohra safati for example and now what i think there's a number out there who are really working within the field of of islamic seminaries of academia many go unnoticed they're doing great work they will continue to do great work but maybe we need to give more of a chance for them to come to the limelight but there are so many we can name and it doesn't have to be someone with a great amount of knowledge right the mothers of the generation that is generation x and the one before it who were migrants, refugees whatever who came here the way they brought up their sons and daughters a lot of them deserve a lot of respect and they all should be proud because it's a great generation okay viewers we've finished now with our time is up from Dr. Syed Ahmad Naqshfani and myself salamu alaykum and inshallah we will see you again next week


The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host, and its imbalance is associated with several neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and myosthenia gravis. That microbiota transplantation in animals suggests that these diseases could be transmitted between humans and animals. Further research is needed to understand how the gut microbiota affects neurological diseases and develop new treatments based on gut microbiota. This article was authored by Lan Xiang Liu, Hai Yang Wang, Xu He Chen, and others.


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I Write to you as my true friend who has given me wise counsel in the past Who knows of my faults and weaknesses and who also knows my strength Respecting the latter. I advise you that during the past year. I have totally abstained from drink in any form and Because of that and hard study. I now have a first mates ticket It was in that birth that in Boston. I signed on the Barkantine Herbert Fuller From where I now write you to give you a report of this fatal voyage As a matter of truth I myself might be dead when you read this if it ever reaches you I Signed on the master of the vessel being Charles. I Nash and the company of the following men each important to this account Henry J. Slyce seaman. Hi, sir. You kept him sign this line slice You'll have the port watch. Hi, sir Charlie Brown seaman. Hey, sir This line brown port watch. Hey, sir, Jonathan Spencer steward. Yes, sir Right here Spencer. Glad to have your board again. Yes, sir. Thank you, sir Thomas Bram first officer. Yes captain this line First trip mr. Bram. Good luck. Thank you, sir August Blomberg second officer. Hi, sir. This line mr. Blomberg. Hi, sir There are two other names important to this account Lester H. Monks who came aboard as a passenger in the interest of his health as the nature of our voyage was to be tropical the other name is Laura Nash wife of captain Nash If I had known that this woman was going to sail with us, I never would have signed on But when I saw her and learned that she was I Didn't sign off although I could have I Stayed on because she was compelling with a bold look and Because a man is always a hunter That same day still in Harbor when first I saw her I went to the steward to learn more Yes, sir, mr. Your name is bram, isn't it? Yes, my name is bram. Can I get a cup of tea? Yes, sir? It's hot Man mr. Bram or did you come from another ship? I came from another ship What ship was it the Antilles she came in yesterday. We go out tomorrow You don't like it sure side mr. Bram. Nope. I find it too much trouble You've sailed this ship before two trips What is this woman that goes with us? She's the captain's wife, sir. I know that Is she a good wife Spencer? I don't know what you mean, sir. Oh, she's younger than he is Why does a young woman marry with a man like that and go sailing off on a ship with him and 11 other men? I don't know mr. Bram No lady would do that. Would she I don't know many ladies mr. Bram You won't find out asking me you better ask her Maybe I will Hello, Blomberg more deca go ready to look for I'll see to it. You want tea mr. Blomberg? Ah tea time Spencer you've sailed this ship before what do you know about this woman that goes with us nothing What kind woman she is the way she looks at a man? When I left the steward the second mate was asking the same questions I asked I Mentioned this to remind you that I was not alone with my thoughts The same ones were in the minds of the others Perhaps all of them This then my good friend was the state and nature of the ship when we made to open sea The first day passed in shaking her down But then evening was upon us and the woman ate supper in the cabin at the offices table Which also included the passenger mr. Monks These meals there were only six of them may be exaggerated in my memory, but I think not It seems now that nothing was discussed except that I abstained from the wine that was served It was difficult because I didn't want to give is my reason for refusal a fact that you know sir That I am a slave to drink unless I abstain entirely Your glass Laura. Yes. Thank you Mr. Monks. Yes, please Mr. Brian no, sir, I don't want any hmm Mr. Blomberg Are up are you a religious man, mr. Bram? No, sir, not overly so wonder that's why you wouldn't have a glass of wine with us No, I don't care for wine what you drink then rum like the pirates. I don't drink at all I didn't think that a seafaring man lived that didn't drink mr. Bram seafaring men are much like any man Mr. Monks some of them drink some of them don't wine with a meal and a good whiskey or Brandy at the end of a watch Nothing can take their place Is there a reason you don't drink mr. Bram? Yes, I Don't like to have you ever drunk No, I never have I don't believe that I've heard that some men don't drink because they expose their true selves when they do Do you have a true self that you are hiding? I'm sorry to disappoint you madam You are seeing my true self a man who doesn't drink there must be reason and I'll find out that's enough Laura. You're too forward Eat your supper as I stated my memory of that first supper may now be exaggerated, but I think not There was more drinking after the meal, but I left as it was my watch I know that the second mate stayed with the woman though even after captain Nash had retired to his cot in a chart room Now this sleeping arrangement must be explained because it's important The captain with a cot in the chart room for it in the main house The woman in the first cabin starboard the passenger in the second Across the companion way I in the first cabin port mr. Blomberg in the second I Heard the woman come to her quarters after I'd been relieved and I think that night I Started dreaming about her and her taunting smile And with her I Dreamed of being drunk The next day passed the same in the next night There's little enough of interest on a ship and anything unusual is left upon On this ship. It was my sobriety The first sign of trouble came upon us during the third evening and I swear upon our friendship Sir that it was not of my doing. I was only walking out past the main house Mr. Blam Yes, I'm in my quarters. I'm still on watch mr. Blomberg. What do you want? I think of you too much today Now I don't like you what you think is your business not mine and that I don't like you It's a man's privilege to like or dislike. You don't care There'd be nothing for me to do about it if I did There is something.  No let go of me I give you a chance to make me wrong. I give you a chance to act like man I ask you now come in my quarters drink with me like friends. I don't want a drink He's insult not to drink one man asked you leave off me Take it as an insult if you like I say I have my reasons and my rights to do as I choose Now mind your own affairs. There'll be no trouble. Don't try to run me What is the meaning of this there were some words say what word he is woman words about Laura No, see I've seen the way both of your moaning about her. There's an end to that right now You'll both eat in your own quarters in the stay on stay away from her your officers on the ship Go to your quarters, mr. Bram. I see there'll be a report on this mr. Blomberg. You'll relieve the watch Mr. Bram What happened? There was some trouble about what nothing man trouble. I heard what my husband said Were you fighting over me? No? Why should you fight over me? You've hardly looked at me.  This is Nash. I Think that makes more difference to you than it does to me Why are you so good? You couldn't choose a word father from the truth and I think I'd better go inside wait. Why did you fight? Because he was teasing you about not drinking wasn't it? He told me he was going to yes That was why are you playing the game with me too?  Don't you know that's a challenge to a woman like me? Wouldn't you even Drink with me Yes Yes, perhaps with you is that a promise No, Mrs. Nash. I promise nothing anymore. I've been ordered to my quarters. I'd better go Mr. Cooper sir, I feel as though I should apologize even to you who know me so well, but I will not Because I must shamelessly recount all details There were no more words except ship words between mr. Blomberg and myself We ate in our quarters and for the three days following the quarrel on deck Captain Nash vigilantly allowed his wife no freedom on the ship. I Hope you'll understand that however wrong Her words to me lived in my mind and they grew So when I was relieved of watch on the fourth night following I was very pleased to find her waiting inside the open door to her quarters Mr. Bram Yes, I've been waiting for you. Won't you come in? Where's captain dash in the chart? Sleep I knew he wouldn't watch me forever. What do you want? Just to talk to someone who's young Won't you sit down? Thank you There's no harm. I want you to know that All right Laura There's no harm Whether I'm married or not I'm a woman. Am I not? Yes. Yes, you are and I deserve to have the company that I like I Brought a bottle of wine. I see that you have I stole it when he wasn't looking you took a chance. I thought it would be nice Shall I open it? Yes, if you like here you are. Thank you You haven't been very nice to me Have you I've hardly been able to be anything to you then shall we drink to? How nice you can be all right. Oh, I drank my friend the bottle of wine And when I left her I went into Mr. Blomberg's quarters and stole what he had and took it to my own The warmth that I remembered in my middle body The courage I assumed The eyes that weren't really mine seeing things The false happiness the excitement the great proud feeling of self-satisfaction the elation the slipping away from reality and the wonder the pleasure of numbness the peace and The luxury of knowing that when you went to bed You'd sleep And what is that what? What's the matter? What's the matter there's murder Why what's that you said you've got to come up on the deck? The captain and his wife mr.  Richard Whitmark in mate bram tonight's production in radio's outstanding theater of thrills suspense Say Harlow, where do you expect the auto light team to finish? I don't expect it to finish at all Hap that auto light electrical systems job is never done It works when you start your car and every second your engine runs as well as when you blow the horn turn on your lights Electric windshield wiper radio or heater that auto light electrical team must have some real fans Harlow You bet it does have the many leading makes of our finest cars trucks and tractors that use auto light electrical systems as original equipment And in that great team every unit and component part is related by Auto light engineering design and manufacturing skill to give the finest performance money can buy who manages this team Harlow Your car dealer or authorized auto light service station You can quickly learn the location of your nearest authorized auto light service station in the classified section of your telephone Directory under automobile Electrical service treat your car to a periodic check-up soon it pays and remember from bumper to tail light You're always right with auto light And now auto light brings back to our Hollywood soundstage mr. Richard Whitmark in Elliott Lewis's production of mate bram a true story well-calculated to keep you in suspense It was eight bells midnight when I went into the woman's quarters some time later when I left I Didn't want a drink, but what could I do? Explain myself by telling her about the last time the fights the broken windows the jail and The other times I should have but considering the situation. I doubt any man would I Remember leaving going to mr. Blomberg's quarters then to my own But there after another while My memory stops I have lost an hour my good friend or perhaps two Until mr.  There's a murderer on board He killed them all with an axe Mr. Bram What is the matter? What are you doing with that gun? None of us is safe. There's a murderer on board. What are you doing water first? Yeah Reakin mr. Bram. Yes. Yes, I have You'll have to sober up You're in command. I'm all right. I'm all right. Where are they? Mrs. Nash is in her cabin. I'll show you There What do you know of this nothing nothing at all? How did you learn something? Woke me up. It was like a scream But I didn't know with all the sounds of the ship when was that I can't be sure I went to sleep again Then I woke up again. What woke you that time? I don't know what I began to worry About the sound I'd heard scream I got up and went to tell the captain about it. He was dead I was sure the sound meant something and I came to Mrs. Nash's cabin Then I saw mr. Blomberg's door open and found him the same way There's a maniac on board come with me. We'll look at the others We looked in the quarters of the others and found no weapon and I'll state now that when I looked in my locker for my gun I also looked for blood stains on the clothes in there and on the clothes I was wearing as I'd slept fully dressed and I found none Then pursuing the actions of mr. Mug's and me we awoke the steward and went on deck wait There's the axe. That's the one that's the one that did it get rid of it, mr. Brown throw it overboard the fiend might use it on us next. No mr. Bram we can't do that sir throw it overboard. That's the weapon. We've got to keep it by law We've got all right. All right. We'll keep it aboard It's slice at the wheel. We'll see what he knows What is it? What's that X has been murder aboard slice. How long have you been at the wheel to where I was sir Who is it brown and can't we'll share your watch? Don't they yes, sir. Where are they for it sir?  Blomberg have you seen anybody on deck slice while you've been at the wheel only you mr. Bram I didn't see nobody else I Didn't remember It's a frightful thing to have a man say you were out on deck and not remember I tried to carry on without a rousing suspicion and this is what I learned That I had come out and asked for mr. Blomberg and upon being told that he was tending the forso with two deckhands I'd gone back inside and that then mr. Blomberg had come after gone inside too and That he'd never come out again Couldn't help feeling guilty, but on the other hand I couldn't help heating my instinct to protect myself for example at my earliest opportunity when I was not seen I took that axe and I threw it overboard But that was wrong. I acted in excitement and fear and I'm sorry now that I did When dawn came I ordered the ship to come about and set her back toward Boston Soon after this was done the steward came to me The crew wants me to talk to you sir. Yes, what about they all say they'll be afraid to go to sleep tonight For fear of being murdered in their bunks. All right All right, I'll have them all sleep on deck where a watch can be kept over them And if you will Spencer you can tell them all to come on deck in an hour for the funeral services funeral services, sir Yes, we can't put those people over the side sir by law. We've got to take them back Yes, yes, of course Spencer, but it's not good to have them on the ship I mean to put them in the longboat and tow at a stern now bring them out and With captain Nash bring his Bible. It's open on the table next to his cot. It is sir. I Don't know why I thought I knew where the captain's Bible was. I wasn't sure that I did know But I was afraid to ask Ben say So once more on impulse and in fear I acted that night I went after the man at the wheel and ordered him below to get my glass telling him I'd seen a light in the distance When he was gone lashing the wheel I turned with a knife to the line towing the longboat to cut the body's adrift and to finally destroy the evidence Don't do that mr. Bram leave off spence. It's not good to have dead people following along behind leave off What's this for for killing those people out there? No, it was you mr.  Slice mr. Blomberg told him That's no proof. You know where his Bible was sir, and that's nothing either you relieved slice at the wheel And after that the axe was missing mr. Brown saw you throw it overboard I didn't kill them then why were you cutting the longboat free mr. Bram all still mr. Bram Confess and ease yourself mr. Bram. I won't confess Nobody saw me kill them because I didn't I didn't come along mr.  We've got to do it They put me in irons locked in my own quarters, and here I have stayed There have been no more murders in the three days past Which does not stand in favor of another killer being aboard and my being innocent What I have written my good friend is the whole truth And I beg of you to be my legal counsel when my case comes to trial as I'm sure it will In my own mind, I am not convinced that I'm guilty For one reason that however violent I've been I have never killed before never Killed if I could only remember If I could just remember why can't I? Why can't I? Why as the passenger aboard the fuller I was called along with the crew to testify in both of mr. Bram's trials and Each time I stayed to hear him pronounced guilty By two separate courts of law of a crime He steadfastly swore that he did not remember committing so Spence a true story presented by auto light tonight star mr. Richard Widmark and Here he is once again our star Richard Widmark. It's always good to have you aboard dick Thank you, Harlow I sort of feel like one of the family since this is my fourth appearance on suspense this season Well, you are a member of the family dick the auto light family which includes 98,000 auto light distributors and dealers in the United States Nearly 30,000 men and women in 28 great auto light plants from coast to coast and the 18,000 people who have invested a portion of their savings in auto light It's a big family Harlow, and I'm proud to be included now We're all proud to be members of the auto light family dick because auto light serves the greatest names in the industry And every auto light product is backed by constant research and precision built with the highest standards of quality and performance So remember from bumper to tail light. You're always right with auto light Next week the dramatic recreation of a race five brave men made with death a True story based on the writings of one of those men Our star will be mr. Herbert Marshall The story is called the diary of captain Scott presented next week on Suspense Suspense is produced and directed by Elliot Lewis with music composed by Lucian Marwick and Conducted by Ludd Bluskin Mate Bram was written for suspense by Gildow Featured in the cast were Joan Banks Joseph Kearns, Ben Wright, Lou Merrill, Steve Roberts, Roy Glenn and Robert North Richard Widmark appeared through the courtesy of 20th century font producers of the Technicolor musical with a song in my heart Starring Susan Hayward and remember next week on suspense mr. Herbert Marshall in The diary of captain Scott This is the CBS radio network


60% to 80% of adults in Western countries experience low back pain, which has a significant impact on society. A review of literature suggests that a general exercise program combining muscular strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness is beneficial for rehabilitation of nonspecific chronic low back pain, as it increases core muscular strength, improves flexibility, and promotes healing and reduces stiffness. This article was authored by Rebecca Gordon and Saul Bloxham.


Hello it's Missy! Thank you for watching! Today I wanted to share a braided updo. I ended up doing a ponytail first and then turning it into an updo. So let me know in the comment section which version you like better, the ponytail or the updo. If you're new to my channel and you haven't subscribed yet, make sure to click that subscribe button, click that bell as well, then you'll never miss any future videos. And let's get started! I'm going to begin these styles by creating the two french braids first. Since they're both on one side of my head, I'm going to part my hair in a deep side part on the right side so I have a lot of hair to work with. With the hair divided out, I'm going to split this front section into two smaller sections so I have two for each braid that I'll be creating. I'm going to clip off the forward section and create the second back braid first. I'm going to pick up a small section next to the part line to begin my braid and I'm dividing this section into three smaller pieces. So I'm crossing the side strands over the middle strand to begin the french braid. And I'm going to be incorporating new sections into the braid. Each time I cross a side strand over the middle strand, I'm going to pick up a new section of hair from my head, following along the braid and cross it over the middle strand as well, incorporating it into the braid. So I'm crossing one side over the middle, picking up a new section of hair and crossing it over into the middle strand as well. Then I'm crossing the other side over the middle, picking up a new section of hair and crossing it over the middle strand bringing it into the braid. I'm going to create the french braid along this side of my head and as I'm bringing in new sections of hair, I want to make sure I'm only picking up pieces from this small section of hair that I've divided out and designated for this particular braid. Since I'm creating two french braids on this same side of my head, I want to make sure I have enough hair for both braids. Once the braid reaches my ear, I'm going to stop incorporating hair into the braid and continue braiding the section down to the ends. This will help ensure the braid lays smoothly against my head at this point. You can continually lay the braid against your head if you're unsure where to stop adding in new sections of hair. You'll want to see how it lays and just pay attention to any bumps that are formed once it's laid against the head in the direction of the back of the head since this is where it'll be pinned in place. Once the braid reaches the ends, I'm going to slip some pins over the bottom so it doesn't unravel and then go back over the braid and kind of loosen the backside to soften this style a little bit. Then I can move on to the next braid. So for the second braid, I'm going to create this with the remaining front section of hair that I had previously divided out. I'm going to pick up a small piece near the part and divide it into three smaller sections again. Since I'm braiding this hair into a french braid, I'm going to be crossing the side strands over the middle strand while also bringing new sections of hair into the braid from along this section. I'm going to continue the french braid down this side of my head bringing in new pieces as I go until the braid reaches my left ear. So I'm crossing one side over the middle picking up a new section of hair and crossing it over into the middle strand as well. Then I'm crossing the other side over the middle picking up a new section of hair and crossing it over the middle strand bringing it into the braid. I'm going to create the french braid along this side of my head and as I'm bringing in new sections of hair, I want to make sure I'm only picking up pieces from this small section of hair that I've divided out and designated for this particular braid. Once the braid reaches my ear, I'm going to stop incorporating hair into the braid and continue braiding the section down to the ends. So I'm still crossing the side strands over the middle strand and just working my way down to the bottom. Then I can slip some bobby pins over the end of the braid to ensure it doesn't unravel while I work on the rest of the hairstyle. So now I'm going to combine the remaining hair together into a low ponytail leaving out the braids. I'm going to start by brushing all of the hair together and once all of the hair going into the ponytail is smoothed down, I'm going to take my hairband and tie the hair off creating a ponytail. You can make this as high or as low as you'd like. I knew mine would be a little lower so I created the braids to line up with the ponytail and once it's all tied off I'm going to take both of my braids and bring them around to the back of my head and then wrap them over the ponytail. Now I'm going to take my topsy tail tool. I got this from Amazon and I'm going to slide it through the hairband and then wrap the ends of the braid through the loop at the top. Then when I pull the tail down through the ponytail it'll pull the end of the braid underneath the hairband so it'll hold it in place without needing to pin it or use another elastic. This didn't quite cover the hairband so now I'm going to divide off a small section from the ponytail and use this to hide the hairband as well. So following the same steps as before I'm going to slide the topsy tail tool down through the hairband and then wrap the piece of hair around the hairband. Then I'm going to bring the ends through the loop at the top of the tool and then pull the tool down through the hairband pulling the end of the wrapped piece as well and this will hold it in place keeping it wrapped around the hairband. Now I can go back over the hairstyle and kind of detail it. I'm going to pinch and pull on the hair at my crown to add a little bit of dimension and volume. Then I'm going to use a little bit of hairspray to smooth down any loose hairs and finish the style. Now to transition this ponytail into an updo I'm going to share a really easy trick to help secure the bun in place so it stays all day. I'm going to take my ponytail and divide off a section of hair. So with the first section of the ponytail I'm going to tie an elastic band about three to four inches down from the top of the ponytail. I'm going to create a gap in the hair right above the elastic and then flip the ends through the gap to create a topsy tail. Now I'm going to loop the topsy tail up towards my head so the elastic is right above the top of the ponytail and then using some bobby pins I'm going to pin the hair in place to begin forming the bun. Now I'm going to separate off another section from the ponytail. I'm going to tie another elastic band about three to four inches down the section of hair. Then I'm going to create a gap in the hair above the elastic. Flip the ends through the gap so the two side sections are twisted and I'm going to bring the elastic band up to the top of the ponytail again next to the previously pinned section and I'm going to use some bobby pins to pin it in place. I ended up dividing my ponytail into three sections to create the bun. So if you want to follow suit this will help give you an idea of how thick to make each section since you'll want them to be about the same size. Now I'm going to take these shorter ends that are sticking out from the two pinned sections and I'm going to combine them together and repeat the same process as before. So I'm wrapping a clear elastic band over the hair a few inches down. I'm going to create a gap above the elastic and flip the ends through the gap so the two sections are twisted. I'm going to take this new section and wrap this underneath the bun towards the left side. Then I'm going to tuck the elastic band under and pin the sections against my head on the left side of the bun using bobby pins. Now I'm going to take the remaining section of hair that's left down from the ponytail and repeat the same steps. So I'm tying an elastic band over the section of hair creating a gap above the elastic and then flipping the ends through the gap so the two side sections are twisted. I'm going to take this section and bring it up towards the top of the bun. So I went ahead and pinned that section in place at the top of the bun and then I'm going to take care of the ends so I'm wrapping another elastic over the section creating a gap above the section again and then flipping the ends around so the two side sections are twisted creating another topsy tail. I'm going to fold this section down towards the top of the bun. This will fill in any gaps at the top and I'm going to pin it in place with some more bobby pins. Once that's pinned I'm going to take any ends that are left sticking out. I had a few at the very bottom of the bun and I just went ahead and tucked them underneath the bun and then pinned them in place with bobby pins. I love the way this bun turned out so be sure to let me know what you think about this down below in the comments. Thank you so much for watching I hope you enjoyed today's video make sure to comment down below which version you liked better the ponytail or the updo. I don't know which one I like better I really like both a whole lot so make sure to click that thumbs up if you enjoyed this type of hairstyle click the thumbs down if you didn't either way it helps me out be sure to subscribe and click that notification bell as always and I will see you next time.


This is stock number 10337. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Jeep Wrangler headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2014 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon. This vehicle has the 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor and from this HD video you will be able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around inside and out. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the vehicle with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle before seeing it in person. Black clear coat is the color. If you want to check out more pictures of this Jeep you can go in the upper right hand part of the screen is a link right to this vehicle on our website so click that check out more photos there. It has works, painted alloy rims and it has BF Goodrich all terrain 35x12.5 R18 LT tires with I'd say probably about 70 to 80% of the tread left. It does have Fox shocks with a reservoir there. Frame and underbody is very clean on this Jeep. Didn't see any dents or dings in the hood. It has factory fog lights, a metal front bumper, a smitty built XRC winch. I think it's a 8500 if I'm not mistaken. Passengers side fenders in excellent shape as well. Passengers side rim really nice condition there and as you go down this side of the Jeep you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the vehicle, hear the vehicle and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. Didn't see any dents or dings on those doors. This back rim is in excellent shape as well and the frame and underbody is in pretty nice condition. Does have these rock slide hover step bars and I'll show you those in just a second. The act is rock rails as well as step bars. Has a receiver hitch on the XRC smitty built metal rear bumper. Matching spare tire and that's a brand new or matching rim and tire. That's brand new tire on there with a heavy-duty tire carrier. That opens up like so. Does a Borla exhaust sounds really good. We have all weather formats back here and a factory subwoofer. Very nice and clean. That shuts easily and so does this rear tire carrier. A lot of times those tire carriers are really a pain in the butt to get closed but that one closes really nice. Pass in the side quarter is in really nice shape. That hard top is in nice condition too and for full disclosure this back rim is just as nice as all the rest. That one's darn near perfect and down the rest of this side very clean, very reflective paint. Nice condition. Comes with heated power mirrors and there's that rock slide power step bars. Inside the Rubicon package this one has custom cat skin black and brown leather interior. Has the brown stitching the kind of floral design in the seat there. Factory all-weather floor mats. Has a sway bar disconnect and axle lock right there which is what really makes this thing a Rubicon and as you hop inside here you can see that this one has 36,788 miles. Comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left cruise controls on the right and on the back of the steering wheel are audio controls. Comes with the 430N radio which gives you factory navigation, AM, FM and Serious XM radio capabilities and it does have a hard drive that you can store up to 28 gigabits of music or pictures on. Power windows, climate control, heated seat buttons, mirror controls, downhill assist control and stability control. 4x4 shifter on the floor, the five-speed automatic transmission, all-weather format on that side and that passenger seat is just as clean and nice as the drivers. The front hardtop pieces are a nice shape on the inside and it does come with an auto dimming mirror. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips, no tears back here, it does have the latch child safety system and we do have the all-weather floor mats back here as well. Let's take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. Hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor and Jimbe's very clean runs very smooth. This Jeep has been fully safety to and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. The Jeep has been gone through mechanically 100%. It's a really nice lift on it, really good tires on it, really clean inside and out and to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 450, new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You know what we got to go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more Wrangler videos like this one on your right. If you haven't been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2014 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon Edition. Thanks again.