So this week we'll be looking into creating what is known as a what-if analysis using Excel That's actually one of the very powerful things about Excel is that we can take all of this data that we're seeing here and we can Sort of now play what if but on top of that we can also actually give it a visualization as well So now these numbers for example just aren't arbitrarily sitting on the screen But we can actually play with them a little bit more Let's say for example, we're working off this cycle green income statement for a bike company Well, right now we have arbitrarily put in a few numbers like five hundred and seventy units at $2,100 now that's going to give us an that income of just a hundred twenty five thousand dollars total at the end of the year minus expenses What we would normally do is we'd come in here and we would just arbitrarily start to Put in numbers and so you can see for example, if I only sold 400 bikes I'm going to actually be in the hole $45,000 if I go to say 500 500, I do have some money well instead of me just going in and fiddling and fiddling and fiddling until we Create our break even point what we can actually do is we can start to utilize sort of this what if analysis approach on Say for example these numbers, let's say over here. We're going to just create something known as my break even analysis Now this break even analysis this is going to be my way of looking at What happens when I do change say for example all of my numbers I change my unit sold from 570 to 300 or something of that nature It'll let me just kind of take a look at each one of the numbers as they happen So again, we'll start with the basics. We'll start with that before our revenue I want to focus in on this summary section down here Nothing too crazy right now. Now. I'm going to just cheat and use some Format painting to kind of make this stuff look a little better So Now I've done that now. I want to say What are we going to do with different types of numbers? Let me just play around with a few different numbers one of the ways we can do this is we can actually Utilize that auto fill command that we've done in the past say I want to go up by 50 50 unit increments. So starting at 300 dragging down till I get to about 700 So I see I have a few different numbers. All right, excellent. Well Now what I can do is I can actually utilize that what if first? I want to go ahead and highlight everything from D4 to G13 all of my numbers this space right here I don't want to go and calculate this myself, you know too much effort way too many variables going on here What I can do. However is I can go into my data tab Inside my data tab I have this what if analysis and what I want to select is the option data table Now data table basically is going to say where is your input going to be coming from in our case? It's me coming from a column input cell before Now this before this is basically our way of saying this is the number that's going to be changing with These numbers being the changed if you will when I select okay You'll see that I get a number of different numbers appearing now all of a sudden so if I just highlight these guys for a second, I'm gonna take them and just give them a Number well, let me go ahead and just cheat no format painter here There we are So you can see immediately now if I only sell 300 I'm not gonna make a lot of money if I sell for 50. I'm barely breaking even versus 700 I've got my net income of 255 thousand dollars So now I can continue with this same effect I can actually take these numbers if you will and I can actually go one step further What I want to go ahead and do is I want to select Units sold revenue and expenses, and I'll go ahead and select unit sold from up here Reason why is I want to actually kind of create a visualization to this This is nice, but it would really be nice for me if I could see sort of the slope Of how these things are kind of creating from here. I want to go to my insert tab Insert tab allows me to once again insert all these different types of things including charts The one I want to select is actually the scatter plot, which just is like a line chart except well It is a line chart actually It's pretty much finding all those little points. So here's my x. Here's my y make that a point Here's my x. Here's my y make that a point x y. That's also it. That's another y make it a point I want to go ahead and select this scatter plot and for me I'm just going to go ahead and select the which one are you the scatter with straight lines Now what this allows me to do is you can see we already have now these two different Lines appear. We've got our expenses and our revenue being shown across different amounts of units sold and What our revenue slash expenses will be I'm going to just clean this up a little bit get rid of that title For example, and let's move it down here to right below our break even analysis There we are One of the other things I'm going to do is I'm going to do a quick little format to my Axis I've got a little too much going on. I'm never gonna you know, I'm never gonna make no money So let's go ahead and start with 600,000 down here and then for my Units will go ahead and say that will at least at minimum typically sell 300 and 700 will be our little capping point So I've got a nice little Look about it now As you can see sort of what we've got is this revenue blue line in this expenses Reddish line where they intersect that's actually known as our break even point and you can see it's somewhere in between 400 and 450 so right a little more than half a little less than halfway What this visual aid allows us to do now is we can actually see not only do we see our different Units sold I don't actually have to change that now all of a sudden all I have to say is let's mess around with my price So right now my break even point is I have to sell just under 450 bikes If I'm selling them at 2100. All right. Well, what if I knock that down? I go to 1800. I See a visual aid notice what happened towards my graph Suddenly my graph changed and I see my break even point suddenly becomes I have to make about 650 just under 650 To break even now if I swap it the other way if I go and say maybe I sell them at $2,400 Suddenly my break even point shrinks and now I only need to sell about 325 of them for 340 ish number So it allows me to now have this visual aid to see where my break even point will be


Hi guys, this is Jason Zak from Nathaniel School of Music. In this music theory lesson, we are going to look at how you can form any scale under the sun with three perspectives or from three schools of thought, if you will. First of all, we are going to pick a key, then we are going to look at a scale. So a key and a scale is very different. You can check out a video in the description where I explore the difference between a key, a scale, a raga as well as a mode. Do check that out. But in this particular video, we are going to just take a key, which is one of the 12 we have in music, the seven whites or the five blacks. We'll also pick a scale, which maybe we don't know. So definitely major and minor will not be there. And then we will apply the principle on pretty much any other scale, which you find new, you're working on, and maybe you're confused with the key or maybe you're confused with the scale. Because a key to form the major scale on a particular key might be tricky for you or to form a random scale on an easy key like C might still be tricky for you. So let's look at three perspectives to form pretty much any scale in life. So I'm going to take the key of C for everyone's benefit, not for mine, because I'm not so much of a C fan. But I've realized that over the years, we have been enemies, me and C. So I'm trying to change that hopefully this one year. After that, we may go back to being enemies. So if I want to look at a mode Dorian, for example, C Dorian, I want to form that, but I want it to result in the same solution, but with respect to different things so that I can see, OK, do I know it from here? Do I know it from here? And then with all those trial and error methods or those different methods, I can arrive at one unified answer and I know my answer is spot on, so to speak. And then over time, you can see what works for you. Also depending on the scenario, you might need all these perspectives depending on the real world scenarios you find yourselves in. So first off, C Dorian with respect to the major scale, C major. All the white keys formed with, you know, two steps, two steps, one step, two steps, two steps, two steps, finally, one step. So the one step will occur between the leading tone and the tonic, D C, and also between the median, that's the third note and the subdominant. That's the fourth. So the four tends to want to lead to the three and the seven tends to want to go to the tonic or the octave of the tonic. If you want to call it that. So C Dorian with respect to major, you need to remember the process. It would be a case of flattening or sharpening certain notes or certain pitches of the scale you already know which you have under the radar, namely C major. So if you are certain of C major, which can be a tricky scale at times, if you ask me, if you get your hold over the scale C Dorian, what it will do, the formula will tell you flat the third and flat the seven, flat the third, flat the seven. So what does flattening mean? Flattening does not mean go to that third note and go and right flat. Neither does sharpening mean that sharpening doesn't mean go to the fourth and right sharp, just as a formality. It's not going to do the trick. You have to flatten things by going down by lowering, going down a chromatic step or what most people call as a semitone in music. Okay, it's a confusing word, but semitone is the shortest measurable distance, at least on a piano, because you have these fixed 12 pitches, which you can't really bend much like violin players and guitar players can. So assuming semitone is the shortest, some of them call it a half step for that and a whole step for a tone. I just tend to say closest chromatic note from here or closest pitch from here tends to vibrate better for me with a more logical brain. Now, if you take the E and when I say flatten the E, what does Dorian formula again? Flat three, flat seven. If you take the E, flat the third, what's going to happen? You're going to move down a step. That is essentially what flattening means, move down a step and if the resultant note, after moving down a chromatic step or a semitone, happens to be a black note and it happens to be E flat, you call it E flat. So that would be the E flat of the Dorian or the three flat as we call it. So what else does Dorian have? The remainder is same as major. However, the seventh degree is not the leading tone, it's the flat seven. Okay, also called as a subtonic. That's your B flat, flat seven. Intervalically, we say minor seventh. So what ended up happening? You took the seven, you moved it, you lowered it down a chromatic step or a semitone. B becomes B flat. In some cases, F could be lowered to get E. So you shouldn't get confused with flattening. In some cases, if you do F, white note, what happens when you flatten the F? F flat is actually another white note, E.  Sounds a bit weird, but flattening, remember, is lowering the note. When you flatten the F sharp, you're going to get yourself a good old F. Flatten the F sharp to give yourself an F. So C Dorian, what were the things which contrasted or differentiated from the major? The flat three and the flat seven. And it's good to remember it this way because if you're used to major and if you're playing on Dorian, you definitely need these two notes to make it sound like a Dorian scale. If you're playing a song and saying it's on Dorian and you never ever use the important representing Dorian notes, well, it's going to sound something like this. It's a bit obscure. You don't know what it is. But if you add those important notes, it starts sounding very Dorian. Also, explore the intervals between the notes, not just linear, you know. You can do, explore the skips. So that's your C Dorian, very useful scale. It has a very brave sound and to explore Dorian further, we have a very, very detailed video using some of my compositions which I've done on Dorian. Do check that out in the description. So we found the Dorian with respect to the major that definitely gets us to acknowledge the uniqueness of the scale. What if we know minor? What if you know C minor? C natural minor. So let's say you happen to know this scale and if you don't know C minor, you know that it's the sixth degree or it is the relative minor of some major. Which major scale is C minor relative of? It's the scale from which you get C as the sixth. So E flats sixth is C minor. So you can actually, in any case, we have different ways to form minor scales also. One with respect to major. You flat the three, you flat the six, you flat the seven. The other ways respect to the parent major scale where we say it has the same key signature. In other words, the same sets of notes. But you'll have to start it from the sixth degree of some major scale. So anyway, minor, if you don't know C minor, remember it could have come from E flat major. So E flat major sixth is C. Now anyway, let's say you know C minor, which I'm sure you do. And you want to form C Dorian. So you tell yourself, okay, C Dorian will be formed by raising. This is where they use the word raising. By raising the sixth degree or the sixth note or the sixth scale note with respect to C minor. So in the C natural minor scale, that's your sixth flat Dorian will raise that. So in this case, raising would mean sharpening. But then A flat when sharpened or when raised, when you go up a step, this is where you might fall into that confusion. Don't go and write A sharp.  It'll be two steps. So up one, when you raise it by one plus one, you're going to get A. So A flat when raised becomes A natural minor Dorian. So we ended up and we ended up with the same set of notes. But from another perspective, so if you're composing a song pretty much on C minor, but when you don't give the opportunity for the sixth to be played, like the pentatonic scale, right? The pentatonic scale doesn't have the sixth. So it's a very unambiguous scale. It can be used for anything. But if you want to commit to an emotion, say that would be natural minor because I played the minor sixth. There's a lot of pain in the natural minor. A little bit of hope if you use some of those major chords. While the Dorian has a lot of hope because of that brave movement between the tonic and the predominant or the fourth chord which is now major, you know. That's minor. So we have a resource on our Riff website which can help you contrast this information a lot more. We leave a few links in the description. So you will have a list of some of my compositions on the natural minor, some of them on the harmonic minor, some of them on the Dorian as we are learning now, a few of them on the melodic minor and some of them on a couple of minors which even I don't know. I call them the hybrid minor which even I don't know what it is officially called. You can help me with that. And we also have something called as the exotic minor.  So I use Dorian a lot and I tend to like that minor third resolving to the major sixth. But I resolve to the major sixth via the flat seven. So it also helps greatly once you form the scales somehow, figure out where your half steps and your whole steps are or figure out where it's just one chromatic between and two chromatics. So in the Dorian, where is the half step? Between the two and the three flat, correct? And also between the seven flat, B flat and it's sixth normal which is A. So for all you know, that movement is very common. Similarly, so these two, these half step movements, these two half steps are there in Dorian which makes it very, very important as a composer. You'll be using those a lot melodically. Anyway, I digress. I have to come back to how you can form the Dorian using one more method and that is using the concept of modes where if you think about it, if you've learnt a bit of classical music theory, you've already learnt a bit of modes right there. You've figured the key signature, the circle of fifths, what does that tell us? Every major scale has a relative minor. You can flip that around and say every minor scale has a relative major if you feel minor should get all the glory, so to speak. So if a minor scale is formed as the sixth degree from every major scale, then it begs to ask the question what about the other degrees, what about the second degree, third degree, fourth degree, fifth degree, seventh degree. So in a major scale context, the Dorian will always be the second degree from any major root. So if you look at C Dorian, you ask yourself a simple question, which major scale has C as the second note or the second degree? It's a bit tricky because if I ask you what is the second from C, you'll probably say D, but which note's second note or which roots or which tonic second note, major second, is C. The answer to that is B flat major, isn't it? But if you play B flat major with B flat rooted, it has the C, it doesn't sound C Dorian, right? Because of the B flat in the bass, but if I do C in the bass, even if I play B flat major, you've moved into another dimension, you've moved into the world of Dorian. So you might as well acknowledge that and develop your music alongside the unique notes, giving respect to the root of course, the important notes as well as the unique notes, stable, unstable, you've changed your mood. But it's important to know that you can find the Dorian just like you find minor. So if I were to say C Dorian is the second degree of the B flat major. Now if I tell myself I want to now do some other Dorian, let's say D Dorian. D Dorian would be the second degree of what? C D, correct? C major's second note is D. So if you play C major starting on D, of course you have to work on the sound aspect, but just the notes tell us that the Dorian is the second degree from C major. The Phrygian is the third degree from C major. Lydian is the fourth degree from C major. It has a very bright sound because of the sharp form. G Mixer Lydian is the fifth degree. That's your Aeolian and that's your natural minor. We call the natural minor sometimes Aeolian because in modally that's the name they give it. And lastly the Locrian. Very tense, that's your seventh degree. So from that aspect the Dorian would be the second degree. Now even if you have a scale which you might not know, let's say a scale like the Phrygian dominant or some such thing which could be you can always equate this to some scale that you might know and it would be the mode of that particular scale. The Phrygian dominant would end up being the fifth degree or the fifth mode of the fifth degree of the F harmonic minor scale. So the F harmonic minor scale, it's fifth degree would end up being the C Phrygian dominant scale. And similarly a scale which I love to use the Mixer Lydian flat 6 scale. So the C Mixer flat 6. Just like the word Mixer Lydian tends to mean it's the fifth mode of what? F melodic minor. So if you know your parent scales and if you enhance your vocabulary or library of your parent scales move from major to the harmonic minor and then the melodic minor. These three parents will give you a ton of other scales. You'll have so many to deal with. It may actually end up being too much at the moment sometimes as composers. So you can even stick with the major modes which are seven. You get seven for the price of learning one scale. And to explore this concept further check out some of my theory and composing videos on how to use modes. Very important chapter in music as you go forward from just your traditional major and minor scales. Right guys? So we've thus looked at three perspectives from which you can form pretty much any scale in music. The three perspectives are A with respect to major B with respect to minor and C with respect to a modal family where the tonics second in the case of Dorian it would be the second from a major with respect to the major scale you flatten the three and the seven with respect to any major scale you'll get Dorian and with respect to minor you raise the sixth and similarly they say harmonic minor you raise the seventh. I think they should say you raise the seventh with respect to the natural minor. They have space to write all that but that's the truth isn't it? Harmonic minor you have a flat three you have a flat six and you have a normal major seventh then why do these people say raise the seventh? I guess it's because of the natural minor. So anyway hope you found the lesson useful I hope it clarified a few things or a few doubts that you might have had and do let us know your thoughts in the comments don't forget to hit the like button the share button the subscribe button any of those buttons you find there which might help our channel grow right guys thanks a ton the notes are waiting for you on our Patreon page do consider heading over there as well and looking at the different tires you have different options to learn music from me as well you can do private classes you can do workshops and a bunch more cheers and catch you in the next one


TfNN, headline news update. Good morning, everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien, coming to you live from TfNN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida, 10 a.m. Eastern time on Friday, 30 minutes into the trading day, and we got markets starting off on the positive side. GDP number this morning, 2.1% on an annualized basis. With that in mind, we have the S&Ps up 13 points, trading at 3,019. Dow Jones up 37, trading at 83, 14. We have the Nasdaq right now up 75 points, quite a number. Google putting quite a number in there, up more than 10% right now after their earnings last night. Notes and bonds, we got slightly mixed as in the 10-year, negative two ticks, 127.06, you have the 30-year positive three ticks, 154.13, dollar index up 138 ticks at 97.690. We have oil right now up eight pennies at 5609 and gold up $6 at 14.2080. Let's start it off, we'll jump over the future markets. We'll start it off with the Dow. Little bit of volatility this morning as we're currently sitting at 27,159. We've been about 20 points higher coming into the opening bell. Excuse me, Nasdaq 100, we pop higher on the open. Nasdaq trading at 8,024. We'll pull up a chart of Google in a moment. You have that hitting that for sure. S&Ps as well, 3,019, just off the highs we made within the last five minutes. Crude oil selling off a bit from about 9 a.m. until 10. We're now trading at 5,620. You have been up there at about 5,652. And the gold contract, little bit of volatility on that GDP number as well as you have gold spiking to 14,14, back up to 14,24, now in the middle 14,20,66 for the price of gold. Speaking of the GDP number, GDP is slowing to 2.1% the second quarter by beating expectations. The big story there, consumer expenditures, big part of the growth there with 4.3%, well, business investment slumping 5.5% how that plays into the Fed's decision. We will see. Amazon earnings last night, little bit weaker than they had expected. As let's pull down the numbers here, we'll get that number, there we go. Earnings per share, a miss of 522. Revenue they beat. And let's just jump over though. We'll start it off with Amazon down about 2%, quite a number for Google this morning as they now up 11.68%. Intel had earnings as well, up about nine tenths pairing some of those gains. McDonald's, big numbers as well. Stay tuned folks, come back at 10 o'clock with Tom live programming all day. Have a great Friday.


Erica and I I'm chewing gum. Let me do take care of that Sorry about that so I Just wanted to give you guys an update on These big old geodes. I'm a client wanted the lines put in What's up Kim? So I added a few lines more glitter glass and I also built up the outside rim You have one was that Kim So I built up the outside edge with a modeling paste and It will not stay white.  Oh and jelly My back hurts a little bit And so I did The matching one today as well Hi Diane Never mind that overflow the spillover Well, I'll be cleaned up My everything hurts. That's okay But it's a gorgeous project and how are you doing? Yes, it is massive undertaking However, it will be worth it. I'll be adding more gold on the built-up rim and Something oh, yeah gold on the rim probably glitter glass on the rim and just fading down and I'm gonna use a spray adhesive to get glitter glass on like these under bits that I couldn't really reach With a resin because as you guys know resin just flows with gravity, so I Couldn't really apply too much glitter glass because it would just all run off. So what's up Tim? Hey Patricia misty thinks LRB Always gold rims Jeffrey always always what's up TG? So, yeah, I just wanted to give you guys a quick update on how This piece is shaping up. I completely love them Let it do vamp. I think my back may fall off Way it somehow I Don't even know how I would possibly weigh it Either one of them because there's two. This is the twin Sneeze I thought it'll sneak up on me. I think Where is it going to live so that hook Not hook They're going to live there Client does love it. She did request after I had Sorry about my stuples after I'd done a certain amount she requested Like my hot glue burn Don't ask. Anyways, she did request that The edge be built up like a piece that I had done a while back so I had to do that this morning and Then heat gun dry it cuz I'm on a time crunch That's probably the main reason for my back pain today, but That's okay. Oh Definitely needs more glitter glass If you guys don't know that sparkle right here That's glitter glass and it needs more more more more.  Oh, I know the house is probably one of the most gorgeous things I've ever seen I wish I could show you the whole the whole home, but I Wouldn't feel comfortable showing someone's house off Without their permission, you know, so Maybe I'll I'll get permission tomorrow and I'll show you guys more of the house I think Shane loved the crystals as well. So, yeah, that's where we are with My mammoth geodes. Hey Sue. I know Tudor actually just sent me a text about going to get a pedicure And I think I'm gonna go treat myself Because I really usually don't however, I think it's warranted So because the piece is pitched and has valleys All of my lines are running which the the client was advised So if maybe I'll come in What's up Laura Taylor? How do you go? How are you in? so if client wants some Some tidier lines. I'll I'll poska them or paint pen the gold but I really don't want to busy the piece because I feel like The gold almost busies it, but I remind myself that Where the gold is I'm gonna be painting that whole texture gold so Won't look quite so busy Yeah, I'm gonna go with Tudor to get a petty Cuz my everything hurts I've been hunched over These bad boys since Monday Totally worth it though. It's Fantastic fantastic gig to add to my portfolio That being said If you guys get a gig that may not make sense because it's resin and there's a not level Don't give up on it. Try to find a way to make it work. I mean obviously don't promise outside of what's possible but Inform the client of what is and isn't possible and work with their vision To make something that will Make everybody happy exactly where there's a will there's a way and where there's a glare glass Anything can be achieved Also, it's super convenient to work with burls to make geodes because They already kind of Lend themselves to the shape and the texture of the wood just helps Give your glass and crystals The different angles to make a really stunning sparkle Also video doesn't do it justice I wish I could invite all of you over to see it in person It's just not possible Glitter glass makes dreams come true. That's the next shirt Anyways But I'm into the stone coat one Shane. I'm not really sure I know that it's still up at stone coat I just don't know Where up there? What's up JJ? so they were inspired by the The white and gold geodes series specifically the one that just resin purchased a while back So that's what I'm trying to recreate for them. They started as black On the top and then black on the sides and gold on the interior But the client and I agreed that the black and black and black was a little bit too abrasive So look at all that glitter glass just on that tarp Maybe they'll let me Sweep those up after they lift the piece onto the wall Man says I sound very rundown. I probably am I'm trying to do all of the things before We leave this weekend for a break so I'm really pushing myself to get everything done All orders out all emails answered all the fire sale done, which haven't even started Take the terms with me. I just I don't even because I'm cutting the scope close I don't even know if I'll be here After everything's finalized and they can hang it. I hope but who knows It's worth it though Pamela wants me to remind everyone to hit the like and I agree Please do Would Make a nice table and make a stunning table, but it's not it's a wall piece Going right there and right there Shane I'm holding yours till Jeff gets your Something Skateboard done We should be soon. That's his next project after we get back And anyways We're going on a cruise for my mom's 70th birthday. We're excited. Thank you, Misty So I Got a jet, but I just wanted to give you guys an update on these. I'll update you guys again Tomorrow, where are you gonna sign it dude? I don't even know Maybe just there on that center puddle So we're kind of obvious, but Also hidden I don't know I'll check it out. Sue. I'm so sorry Have they figured out a way to lift and hang them? They had four people To bring them down. I don't know how many people it's gonna take and the fact that it's on the stairwell Not gonna make things any easier. Thank you Shane. I will let her know Thank you Desiree Yes Cruises are back here for the time being Yeah, Laura, I'll get a video of them hung In their place So that everyone can see what the results are of this week of work Thank you, Melissa. I promise I'll get right to I haven't even opened emails this week. Oh Thank you, Anna. That's a sweet of you It's to undermining the shop so he's leaving town Thursday to I think Tuesday So I'm gonna ask Kim to come in and do orders So that Parsels are still going out while I'm out of town. Oh, Michelle. Thank you so much for that We'll still try to go live even from our vacation because you guys are fam Make a little plaque that says he made this I may do that. Oh, thanks you guys Sure. Well Megan Yeah, it's super busy, but worth it, you know But we the beautiful right now. He's having a play date with His best friend Maddie But Clara will be watching him while we're on vacation Thank you swamper All right, you guys I got a jet and meet Tudor, but I will see you guys tomorrow and give you an update on How these pieces are going I would go live with them, but my Service is kind of spotty out here and Working with large quantities of resin when you're solo you have to really watch your time even if you're using art coat so I Just figured I'd give you guys a post art update and answer questions that way She is a great Pyrenees lab mix All right, you guys be kind of one another you never know if someone's going through we love you guys so so much tune in tomorrow for the next update on this geode installment and We'll see you tomorrow. Bye