If you're new to the channel, I have Goldpony as your new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube and today we're in the brand new 2023 Chevy Malibu courtesy of Apple Chevrolet in York PA for more information on their inventory. Please feel free to check out the link in the description box below. And so today we're in this one because this is still a very, very good looking American sedan and there is one major change for the 2023 model year. So ultimately in this video, we will be testing out and going over everything about this one from acceleration to braking, steering feel, ride quality, sound system, exhaust clip, all that fun stuff. So having said all of that, what do you guys say? Let's just go ahead and jump right into it. And as always, let's start with pricing. And so as you can imagine, there are several different trim levels for the 2023 Malibu. First one being the LS starting at $26,095, RS for $27,095, LT, which is the one we are in today, starting at $29,195 and the two LT for $32,595. But regardless of trim level, the power plant is going to be the same and that is the major change for 2023. The two liter turbocharged engine is gone now for 2023. So all trims are now going to get a 1.5 liter turbocharged four cylinder, putting out 160 horsepower at 5,700 RPM, 184 pound feet of torque coming in at 2,500 RPM. That power is sent to the front wheels with continuously variable transmission, zero to 60 time coming in at approximately 7.8 seconds with MPG numbers coming in at 29 the city 36 on the highway. And so now having got all of that out of the way and we are still sitting at this red light. What do you guys say? Let's go ahead and find us straight away. Let's put the Malibu here to the test and let's see how quickly we can get our new 2023 Malibu here up to speed. All right, so since there's nobody behind us in three, two, one, go. Ah, slip it a little bit. That's still fun though, man. All right, yeah. You're not gonna have any issues emerging on to the highway. Like I said, that's fine. That's a decent amount of power right there. And since it's all being said to the front wheels, there was a little bit of slipping, but that just means there's adequate power. That's all that means guys. So that was fun. I liked that. But anyways, to go along with that acceleration as always, braking is equally important. So as expected, you will find four wheel ventilated disc brakes coming standard on the Malibu for all trim levels. As far as that 60-zero stopping distance goes, it's gonna commit at 127 feet, which is pretty on par for the course as far as braking feel goes. It's on the firmer side of things. So I don't mind the braking feel. It does feel like that 127 feet, but it is on the firmer side of things. So it's not a soft braking feel like you'd traditionally find in SUVs. I like it. It's not that bad.  As far as ride quality goes, it's been okay. It's been okay in my short little test drive here today. I have been able to feel a decent amount of the road. I will say that. So it's not like a luxury sedan or anything like that, obviously, but it's not bad. It's something that wouldn't bother me personally, but I will say you do feel a decent amount of the road. But anyways, touching on steering feel, it's perfect. Honestly, I don't mind it. It's not the heaviest steering feel. It's definitely not a loose steering feel though either. So it's pretty much as you would expect the Malibu to feel like in terms of that, touching on cabin noise, going 30 miles per hour right now, it's not too bad. There is a little bit of road noise, but the wind noise is excellent. Wind noise is definitely held at bay, which I love. And that's probably due in part because there is an acoustic laminated front windshield that does come standard on every single trim level across the board. So I 100% love that. And in terms of visibility, let me adjust my rear view mirror here. I can see perfectly fine out the back. And traditionally in sedans, you're not gonna have any issues with your visibility. So once again, 100% on point, but that pretty much rounds out the performance segment of this review guys. Let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of our brand new 2023 Chevy Malibu. All right, so here she is, you guys, the new 2023 Chevy Malibu finished in Summit White. In case you were curious of our exterior color name, but as always, let's go ahead and start where this one is made. If you take a look at the VIN, first character is the number one, indicating that the Malibu is built and assembled in the US, specifically Kansas City. But anyways, let's go ahead and start up front on this one. Halogen headlights do come standard for the LS, RS and LT trim levels. That of course is what you guys are looking at, but you do get LED daytime running lights with the LT and two LT trim levels only. So I wanted to emphasize that. LED headlights, however, do come on the two LT trim levels. So a little added illumination with that one. Automatic feature coming with all trim levels, meaning when it starts to get dark at night, headlights will turn on automatically for you there. But automatic high beams also coming standard for every single trim level. So if you have your high beams on at night, the senses of vehicle coming in the opposite direction, it's gonna automatically dim them back to low beams. Then when the vehicle is gone, it's gonna automatically bounce it back up to high beams. So definitely a feature you end up absolutely loving. Black front grille with chrome surrounds coming with the RS trim level. However, there is a red line package that we do happen to have today, which will also give you a blacked out front grille.  But black bow tie emblem up front because of that red line addition as well. So overall, like I said at the very beginning of the video, I actually do love the front end of the Malibu. I still think it looks dang good to this day. So that pretty much rounds out the front end. Let's now go ahead and make our way to the side. All right, you guys, and so making our way to the side now of the Malibu chrome windows surrounds will come standard across the board. Got the Malibu lettering found on the front doors. It's gonna be either finished in chrome or black again, since we have that red line addition. We got it finished in black. So speaking of red line addition, take a look at the side mirrors here. You see a red line on the side mirrors, hence the red line addition. But anyways, power adjustable side mirrors will come standard. They will be body colored for the RS LT and 2LT, unless you go with the red line. And then you got gloss black, of course, heated side mirrors then coming with the LT and 2LT trim levels then as well. Then take a look down to the wheel configuration. This is a funny one with the Malibu because literally every single trim level has a different wheel size. So if you ever wander onto a lot, this is a surefire way to tell what trim level you were looking at. But 16 inch aluminum alloys coming with the LS, 18 inch aluminum alloys coming with the RS, 17 inch aluminum alloys coming with the LT, and 19 inch aluminum alloys coming with the 2LT. Having said that, the red line addition does give you gloss black, 19 inch aluminum alloys with the red accents, which look dang good in my opinion. But anyways, it pretty much rounds out the side profile of the Malibu here. So I'll go ahead and make our way to the back. All right, so now since we are around to the back of this one, all the way to the top body colored shark fin antenna, that looks good. Just below that center high mount stop lamp, I like that as well. I love the LED tail lights on this thing. So I will say LED tail lights traditionally only come on the 2LT trim level, but that red line addition package that we have actually gives you LED tail lights as well. Otherwise you're gonna get the halogen bulbs back there. So love the look, added illumination at night so people are less likely to rear-end you, I guess.  I keep saying that, I'm sorry. Just underneath of all of it though, you're gonna get polished hips for the RS. Otherwise, the trend right now is to tuck away those exhaust outlets. So that's unfortunately what we got. I love the exposed exhaust outlets. I wish manufacturers would go back to doing that. But anyways, as always, here is that exhaust clip. Right, so up now since we are around to the back of the Malibu, when it comes to opening that rear trunk, there is a rubberized button on the trunk itself and there is a button on the key fob itself as well that you just press twice. Anyways, once opened up, cargo capacity comes in at 15.7 cubic feet. If that was not enough space, there is a 6040 split, meaning the rear seats do fold down for quite a bit of extra space then if you needed it. To my surprise, there were actually tie-down anchors back there. You don't always find them in sedans. Traditionally, that's an SUV thing, so I like that.  So that's what I'm used to. That's what I like. But then making our way up to the rear legroom that comes in at 38.1 inches for reference, I mean even six feet tall. This is how much space I had back there. Rear ventilation is gonna come on the LT and two LT trim levels then. There is also a rear center armrest with cup holders for those two trim levels to go along with that. And there is a USB charging port for the two LT trim level only. Otherwise, you're gonna get a 12-volt power outlet, which is just as fine in my personal opinion as well for those rear passengers. But then, making our way up to the front seats, cloth seating is gonna come on the LS, RS, and LT trim levels. Leather seating is gonna come on the two LT trim level then. Manually adjustable seats for the LS and RS. Power driver seat for the two LT. Vented front seats then for the LT and two LT trim levels and then ventilated front seats for the two LT trim level. But as far as seat comfort goes, it's been plenty fine actually. I've had no issues whatsoever. We do have power adjustable seats here and our particular LT trim level that we have today. So between the lumbar support and the power adjustable seats and the lumbar support, let me tell you guys, I just played around with it. That is highly adjustable. A lot of times you won't get that adjustable lumbar support in vehicles. So I love that. Well done Chevy for that. But anyways, then taking a look at the steering wheel, just tilt and telescoping. It is leather wrapped for the RS and two LT trim levels.  But I do like the leather wrapped steering wheel. It's definitely very nice. Then making our way to the startup. Let me start by showing you guys the key here. You got your Chevy logo on the one side. When you flip it over lock, unlock that button to pop through your trunk again and the circular button that's gonna be remote start, which actually comes standard on every single trim level across the board. You don't usually get that for all trims, but essentially means you can warm up the mallet boot on super cold days in Pennsylvania like today. So it's nice and toasty by the time you actually get inside of it. But it is all keyless entry with the push button start for all trim levels across the board. So all I'm going to do here is simply put my front of the brake and press that black engine start button located just to the right of the gauges there. And speaking of the gauges, once started up tachometers all the way to your left speedometer is on your right. There is a small digital display front and center to control what is on that digital display. Our steering wheel mounted controls found on the right side of the steering wheel gives you things like how many miles you have left until you hit empty. There's a timer I guess, if you wanted to time how long you've been driving for. There's a digital speedometer, always like seeing that in vehicles. Trip A, Trip B of course, but I like the how many miles you have left until you hit empty. I'm just gonna leave it on that for now, but then making our way to overall interior quality a dual pane panoramic sunroof. It's gonna be optional for the LT and to LT. And so that option is coming with the red line addition that we have today, that's why we have it. So I like that ambient lighting for the two LT trim level only. Garage door openers is gonna be optional for all trim levels if you wanted that. Wireless phone charger coming with the two LT trim level only. But you know what? I actually don't mind the interior quality of this thing because here's why.  You got dual cup holders to the right of the shifter, but then you got this nice smooth gloss gray kind of surrounding all of it. So a lot of manufacturers in this particular case at this price point would use like a matte gray or a matte black, but they finished it in a nice gloss finish. So it's gonna be easier to clean and it's gonna be scratch resistant because of that. So I do like that. Got a little pocket for maybe a cell phone just behind there within the center armrest. Actually a decent amount of storage, a ton of storage within that center armrest, especially for a sedan. So well done Chevy for that as well. You know, another thing I like, it's kind of like the seating finish is brought onto the doors as well as just above the passenger side glove box. And I like how they brought this cloth finish just around all the climate controls as well. That's a really nice touch that Chevy didn't have to do. Having said that, there is some hard plastic on the doors like around the lock and unlock button, the door handle, things like that. But other than that, actually I think Chevy did a pretty darn good job with the interior quality if I say so myself, but they make your way to the infotainment screen, eight inch colored touchscreen display coming standard for all trim levels, Bluetooth and audio streaming, but here's the kicker, get ready. Wireless Android Auto Apple CarPlay now for every single trim level. So many sedans are still not doing that. So again, Chevy, you're crushing it with that. I love that factory navigation system for the two LT trim level only. And of course you can check out your radio information up there. And so when it comes to the sound systems, six speakers is gonna come on the LS, RS and LT trim levels. However, for the two LT, there is a nine speaker Bose sound system that will come standard. That is not the one we have today. We do have the six speaker. So having said that, let's go ahead and turn on the radio, see what we got playing this morning and let's test out the clarity of this one. I don't need no press up so I'm gonna forget everything. That might be what like the best six speaker sound system I've ever heard. That's actually not bad, you guys. Like decent amount of bass there. Reminds me of Nissan bass. They usually do good with their bass as well. But yeah, this is a really good sound system for it being only six speakers. So again, good job Chevy, but last thing I wanted to mention to you guys on that infotainment screen at least when you do put the Malibu in reverse you will find a rear view camera coming standard across the board. Letting you know what is behind you, which is always is going to lead us into safety. And so front side side curtain airbags do come standard driver and passenger knee airbags as well. In the back you're gonna have latch, AKA lower anchors and tethers for children for the rear car seats, rear child door locks, tire pressure monitoring system, but also coming standard, automatic emergency braking, a following distance indicator, forward collision alert, lane keep assist and lane departure warning then as well. One more thing though with safety I wanted to mention there's a driver confidence package. It goes for $545. That gives you rear parking sensors. So it's gonna beep at you when you get too close to something, rear cross traffic alert and lane change alert with side blind zone alert then as well. So overall when it comes to my final thoughts here still a very good looking car in my personal opinion. I love the design to it at least and actually a decently serene cabin as well. Maybe do in part because of the acoustic laminated front windshield but it actually did pretty good with the lack of wind noise in this thing for the price point. So I like that as well. So I was there for a proof and goes I would have loved to have seen a full digital gauge cluster. I would also have loved to have seen LED headlights coming standard. Heck you get standard LED headlights on Corollas these days. It should be standard on a mid-sized sedan like the Malibu as well. And last thing, I think multicolor ambient lighting would like dang good in this thing as well. So anyways, shall we do with that what you will but anyways that is about it for this one you guys. Thank you so much for watching. Feel free to follow me on social media if you want to see what's coming next on the channel before it gets to YouTube. Be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're in a new car reviews because that is what we do here on this channel. After all, you guys knew that. Anyways, do appreciate you guys watching more than you know. I will see you guys all in the next video. Stay gold.


What's up everybody? JC here for Jasper's case breaks.com. We just sold out Jasper's threes company football mixer This is three boxes of select three boxes of contenders and three boxes of one football And this is a random team break guys. So first we do the break We'll randomize the customer names everybody. It's a random team they NFL summer no veteran common ship for Contenders but all cards from select will ship and of course all cards from Panini one since there's only one card per box You get three boxes of select football three boxes of one three boxes of contenders So here you go guys. Here's a dice roller. Here's a customer name So from Gale all the way down to Adam got those spots straight up and then from Jeremy prestige 15 all the way down a scott Prestige 16 got those in a little filler break And there's a teams. Let's roll it. You got ourselves a four and a five nine times one two three four five six seven eight Christopher down a Chad nine times one two three four five six seven eight and Ninth and final time Vegas Raiders down to the Denver Broncos Boys on the background Christopher with the Vegas Raiders Sean with the Bucks Corey with the Steelers Natalie with the Falcons Robert floors with the Giants Adam with the Titans DJ with the Panthers Chaiam with the Lions Karen with the bangles Jeremy with the San Francisco 49ers James with the Seahawks Rosario with the Texans Jonathan Arnaldi with the Patriots Corey with the Vikings Christopher with the Colts Corey with my Eagles Jeremy with the Miami Dolphins Patrick with the Bears Jason Griffin with the Cowboys Steve with the Jaguars Brian with the Jets Robert Florian the Chiefs Christopher with the Bills Scott with the Packers Aaron with the Cleveland Browns Paul with the Arizona Cardinals Daniel with the Ravens Gordon with the Saints Greg with the Chargers Gale with the Rams Salvador with the football team and Chad with the Denver Broncos So if anybody wants to trade, I'll give you guys a quick minute. If not, we're closing it and what's up Colton My hocks are dirty, man. So what what what did the Hawks do? Did they do like a trade or something? Or you're just saying you love your hops right now I'm sure we want to see I don't think we have some available for tonight. Maybe tomorrow I'm local. It's right next to the break. So if you go to the website, you see the NT football filler right here It's right here next to it the break Says sells out the break. We're giving away eight spots. Everybody pays 51 bucks You get a little team and a little pack filler and then of course We'll randomize the 32 customer names top eight get a tea I'll get a spot in the break So it's right there 15 left once we saw this out we can break open NT. Oh You're talking about you're talking about the Atlanta Hawks Colander. They're talking about the Seattle Seahawks You trip me out. Yeah, I would I mean, I'm sure we will always looking for more flawless But it's just finding at the right price. So, you know, we can repost it And I have to up charts too much Can someone chat saying that no a customer just asked about Flawless we did not have any No problem. It's all good man. Go Hawks I might my wife really wanted to trade young and them to go to the Eastern Congress finals But no, no problem. We could talk football or basketball here. Don't matter Yeah, man. Have a great night If you're actually heading out. Oh, definitely man a lot. I'm pretty sure Especially with flawless being like only X amount of cards per reef case I mean, I'm sure most people can actually track if they really wanted to what has been pulled and what hasn't But, you know, then again, there's still always some nice stuff No matter what has been pulled if one of ones have been pulled and stuff like that There's still the variations and you know other serial number of cards I can definitely still make you back to money If you're trying to get some herbies and stuff to us some boroughs All right guys All right guys, so I'm gonna go with contenders football first Logo car job. It's on the website, buddy. I don't know if you heard me You it's right next to the NT break if you actually got a spot on the NT break All you got to do is go to the website and it's right there I just dropped the link on the website, buddy So if you already bought into NT go back to Jasky's case breaks It's right next to the NT break. It has the mosaic pack filler as the photo And it tells you in the title. We're giving away eight spots in the NT break You don't want the bronze you want to redo? We'll get you some good brown tits It's like we do a redo and everybody gets the exact same teams again. I doubt that happens but Techniques you can good luck Brady winning ticket and Brian Edwards for the Raiders championship ticket 48 out of 49 What is the Raiders? Christopher does So we'll go left right for this randomizer as well And that'll be for any other ones we get as well and for the Dolphins Rugby ticket another one right here top or bottom And we have 400 points that we're gonna have to randomize there at the end of the break Kyle Duggar Patre's gonna Jonathan Quez Watkins for my ankles According a printing plate scary Terry McLaurin little one-of-one. Okay I'll take that I'll put that over there. Let me actually get some toddlers. All right, so Let's go on to the next box guys. So again, it's a three box Select three box contenders three boxes of the one for a total of a nine box mixer right here guys so No, I have I have no idea Honestly, I mean don't laugh at me. What I have no idea what that is Sounds very familiar though. That's I'm just blanking right now. Oh, so it's like a comedy I wonder what we're having a Vicki Valancourt Jason another Raider Henry rugs Okay, so it's like a old-school show Variation Donovan people's Jones. I actually like this guy. I think he's a good receiver For the Browns crazy that he actually is a sticker. Okay, so that's probably why I don't know it 90s, baby, man. Oh No, can't show that can't show that 600 points being given out now Also, too, I believe Penini on their website is also dropping some cosmic packs on their rewards website Jacob Phillips another one for the Browns. Oh So they haven't tried to reboot it because it's such a great show that no one's even tried to Desmond Patton No for the Raiders to 149 15 to 149 Henry rugs VP padding my homes All right next box Let me see If I do I might not the names the name sounds familiar, but let me see I'll let you know right now. Oh, he passed away already. That's a dude from He came out and um Wasn't he He looks so familiar. I know I've seen him in something Wow, he was the voice of Clifford the big red dog. It's awesome. I've seen him before though Let me see the other one What was the other name? Yeah, I know she looks like too. Yeah, not really familiar with both of them, but I've seen the guy before John Yeah, one actor. I really liked a lot when I was a kid a comedian was a Chris Farley. I really really love Chris Farley Lot gone too soon, too, you know Tyler Huntley Shaquille quarterman out of 149 What a smoky Did you not did you nice? Well, then there you go guys. We'll break that NT after this Well, we'll do the filler first and then we'll break the NT my home's winning ticket CD lamb championship ticket 27 out of 49 Dallas Cowboys Jason Griffin with that one very nice Nice way to end the third box and a Derrick Brown rookie ticket stub Nice box Carolina Panthers DJ that one rookie ticket Kadirah Hodge So third rookie ticket for the Browns Aaron a little Jalen Alrighty don't look contenders now. We'll move on to select I'll select I believe is a much more expensive product than Panini one. I think it's just Any one's just one card, you know kind of want to save those for last So let's move on with select now good luck. All right, Michael Pippman, Jr And we got KJ Hamler for the Denver Broncos That is number to 149 Denver went to Chad Joshua Kelly KJ Hamler field level Jeff Ocuda a little tri-color To 199 and to 99 Margasin For the Jets Jets Jets Brian with that one Joe Burrow a little Justin Jefferson silver We got a green and it's a nice you talk gross mottos. That is a rookie Green out of five two out of five for the Carolina Panthers. There you go Very nice to Kind of go wrong without a five Patrick Queen and Travis Kelsey Colt Matt Cam Newton selections Cam Newton silver base John Taylor CD Lam and we have a tie-dye Jeff Ocuda very nice Tie-dye for the Detroit Lions champ 17 out of 25 and then right behind that we got a little Justin Herbert That is a silver club level Greg with the Chargers to a toggle by Loa and Jake from to 49 Little relic here for the bills Josiah DeGarra CD Lam Denzel men's for the Jets got a couple of base rookies here as well John L. Way Rugsy Clyde Edwards a lair to 149 Little red color match. That's pretty nice and Chase Claypool for the Pittsburgh Steelers Steelers is going to Corey Chase Russell Wilson silver Jerry Rice field level silver and Jeff Ocuda club I next box DJ more to 49 Jordan loves silver. Yeah, AJ Brown Little orange to 49 Lamar Jackson club level silver Toa, Josh Allen, Tommy, Tommy Stephens, Kyler Murray Devon asiasi Patriots and Roger Craig to 149 It's a nice autograph there for the 49s. It's gonna Jeremy Jeff Ocuda 8 out of 99 and Dwayne Haskins CD Lam field level silver very nice color match Jacob Eason field level white to 35 Joe Burrell Premier level silver Karen steel with the Cincinnati Bengals. We got a rookie XRC Denzel Mims Dobbins and a burrow There was a you like Manny Kyler Murray AJ Dylan drew lock to 149 And we got a redemption. All right, let's check out this redemption. We'll look at the XRC as well rookie signature memorabilia tie-dye prison very nice to be at a 25 card number 12 Clyde Edwards a layer That's gonna go to the chiefs and Robert Flores another XRC Wow XRC gold prism redemption. This is gonna be out of 10. Holy snikes 416 Wow tied in number one That's Kyle Pitts, right? Damn gold prisms. That's gonna be out of 10 Yeah Atlanta Falcons that is gold prism redemptions tie-down number one That's gonna go to the down of Falcons and Natalie Very nice hit right there. All right, one more box guys and then Move on to Panini one and that's the last three boxes right there the mixer So yes guys, it does look like we did sell out the NT break. So again NT football will be coming up next Yeah, I mean Falcons in in 2020 football is probably not the best But that is the beauty of the select right you get the XRC. So you get the new year 2021 of the rookie redemptions and as you can see I'm sure people are definitely gonna want the Atlanta Falcons in 2020 So when someone thought man, I got the Atlanta Falcons And three company football mixer Well, now, you know It was great to get the Falcons. Those XRCs actually sell pretty well The fact is that you're gonna get it's gonna be a gold out of 10 I had to smokey. I had to get a fresh cut man. It's been like over a month.  It's like I feel somewhat handsome, you know, not too ugly All right next one guys Tom Brady Swiftie Gandhi golden to 99 Jalen rager to 199 for my eagles Cory with that one. We have a a Jedrick wills tonight and I for the Browns and Joe, Montana Christian McCaffrey to 75 Jerry Rice. So all the silvers are backwards in this box at the moment Randy Moss Jacob Eason that's a tie-dye I'm sorry not tie-dye tricolor and Bradley Chubb This one has a little ink on the back part from stacking the autographs together Brown, I'm sorry Broncos. I should say I'm Browns John and Taylor Yeah, all the all the silvers are backwards Michael Pippin Jr. Josh Allen phenomenon Travion digs Henry rugs 62 out of 175 Rogue silver Joe burrow silver playful and Chase young 46 out of 75 Nice purple right there By that Rosie Larry and chase young around me quickly top of these as well guys So we could do a little recap at the end All right guys. Good luck everybody last three boxes of the mixer. Just one hit Deandre Swift 25 out of 149 one two three four color patch and autograph Lion's going to try out also guys. I think we have more than enough to run one of these back too. So I mean, I'm sure you'll see these Threes company football mixer again soon.  What is going on here? Another four color patch for the lion 66 out of 125. We just had a Deandre Swift You got another one there for the lines. That was not a magic trick I was open up to in the same case too. I would have been a crazy lines break Can't go through for three. Can we? No, okay, no lines Five out of ten though for the ratas Henry rugs Penini won in cased autographs Raiders had a great break Christopher.  That was a break Sweet for the lines, but I know for everybody else. I would have loved to extend another hit there in Penini one, but there you go and Like I said, look quick little recap select how a lot of nice his Bradley Chubb autograph. There's some relics Chase Claypole. We got some silvers and some colors right here Nice little Clyde was a layer silver Jordan love AJ Brown color Jeff Ocuda Jacob Easton nice little color match right there Raiders had a good break chase you on Jayne the Ragger, this was a very nice one here gold prison redemptions tie the number one you there Roger Craig Herbie silver Jeff Ocuda tie-dye Lions that have a good break to Mutual gross Matos two out of five a couple hits here championship ticket CD lamb And rugs again and brilliant Brian Edwards So guys, I'm gonna do top bottom randomizer to see who gets all the top bottoms for contenders And then we had two extra hits Someone at number one's gonna get 600 points. I'm at number two's gonna get 400 points for that randomizer there So good luck I know I feel you man. I actually just do teams and team at number one gets One and two get the points 600 number one 400 number two Rollets snake eyes just two times one Two The top wins All right, guys now, let's go two times down here one Two Jaguars and then the Rams so Jaguars Are gonna get 600 points and Los Angeles Rams gonna get 400 So appreciate you guys. This was the Jaspie's thrift company football mixer on Jaspie's case breaks calm


We talked about users, a clerk in the railway reservation system or an application programmer. There is another kind of user, special kind of user. He is called DBA or database administrator. You would have seen some advertisements for IT jobs as DBA experience of 5 years. Somebody who has managed databases as a database administrator. What does a DBA do? First coordinates all activities of the database system. Has a good understanding of the enterprise's information, resources and need and can perform the following duties. A, he can define schema and modify schema. Why that is important? Suppose there are 50 users. Suppose there is a reservation clerk. Suddenly decides that I should have this additional attribute or decides that I don't need this address attribute. With things work. Database schema definition is an extraordinarily important task and only one person is authorized to do that. That person is called DBA. It's like root in any multi-user operating system. Root has special powers. Storage structure and access method definition. What are the best physical storage such that when used in conjunction with the query optimizer, I'll get the best performance. Backup and recovery. So if a disk crashes, true, the SQL engine is able to recover. But somebody has to execute that recovery portion of the executed. And there is a certain method and discipline in doing that. User authorization. New user comes saying I want to be able to access the database. Then the DBA will say okay, what are your access levels? You can access this, this and this but not this, this and that. You can perform read but you can't perform insert. You can perform insert but you can't change. So no update. That's it. And then he does performance monitoring and tuning. When you execute the database, there is a lot of volatility of data. All data goes out. New data comes in. Data values change. Suddenly you find the indices which were created for a certain set of data are still not performing. You need to create new indices. You need to restructure indices. Whatever, all these jobs to get best performance and tune the database parameters is handled by DBA. Clearly DBA is a specialized functionality. If you look at an application program, typically the application programs will perform in the context of information system as opposed to numerical computational programs. They'll perform any one of these three tasks. First, there is a user interaction. So take a reservation clerk. There is an interaction with the user.  This will be a train model. So user has given some information which has to be collected. Then the application logic has to be executed. So whether the seat is there, what, what, what. And finally you have to access and update the database. These are the three components. Similarly, any application, you can have these. For example, the user interaction may consist of displaying a menu. So choices to the users.  You will get choices. You want to book a car. You want to book an aeroplane ticket. You want to book this. You want to book a hotel. You want to book whatever. These are the choices. You choose one choice. After making such choices, you will keep getting menus and finally you will have to somewhere give your data. What is your name? What's your data birth? From where to where you want to fly? This is input data. The user is given from the terminal. So you collect the data input through specially designed data entry forms and you have to perform data validation. So these tasks are required to be done and are considered part of user interaction. Finally, you collect query parameters if there is an SQL query. Select all names which begin with p. So you want to get fata, parquet, whatever. All the names. Now there is some query. The parameter of the query p will be given by the end user. We will see how to write such queries but this parameter has to be collected and sent back where the query has to be executed. From wherever back you send it, ultimately when the results come, these results are needed to be displayed or printed. This is also part of user interaction. And any special interaction like I am moving the mouse. Notice that when I move the mouse, this cursor is moving. If I type a character, the character appears here. I don't know how many of you are aware that in old Unix systems, when you type a character, that character is not displayed immediately although it appears displayed. That character actually travels back to the Unix server. The Unix server has a program which says character type K. Then it determines where this K should be displayed. Fifth row, 35th column. It will give that command and then my terminal will display it on fifth row and 25th column. Because your server and your front end machine is sitting just next to each other, you think that you are typing and something is up here. But if your server is 10,000 miles away and connected through a reset link, you can type, go smoke a cigarette, come back and then the character will appear. These precisely are the considerations which lead to a multi-tier architecture of the applicant. On the other hand, if you are sitting on a PC, when you type, actually what you type is not even a character K. What you type is a funny combination of row number and column number on the keyboard. That goes to the PC. PC determines, oh, this means character P and it keeps track of where your current cursor is on the display for which it has an internal data structure and then it sends the command back to the display. Keyboard and display are not connected to each other. Both are connected to the back end process. You don't realize this when you are using a PC. Essentially then, all user interaction in any information system, whether it is displaying menus, whether it is collecting parameters from the user, whether it is collecting data from the user or whether after processing of the query, update, insert, whatever, the results that you get are to be displayed or to be printed or any interaction such as mouse etc. are to be handled. All of these activities come under user interaction. And you will need spatial programming for determining this user interaction. Fortunately, many of these programs are built in as part of either the database management system or some other supporting software. But if you want any specialized thing, for example, database management system has no clue that if I move my mouse, this cursor should move like this. This has to be handled by something else. So it is very clear what user interaction is. It is also very obvious that user interaction is an important part of information system. First lesson that we learn. Why DBMS is extremely important in managing our data in a secure, efficient way? That alone is not sufficient to build an information system because user interface or user interaction is outside the database. Then you have application logic. It actually does the processing of data. Please note that this is not access to data. That is the job of database management system. But actually doing some computations. For example, computation of monthly payroll, calculating student CPI. You will send an SQL query to access the data. That is data access path, access update, read data, put data. That is data base management integral. But if you want to calculate the CPI, you have to write mathematical formula. Today you can do that in SQL itself. You might require some other programming language. Whether you use some other programming language or whether you use SQL itself, there is a portion of logic which we call the application logic. Where will this application logic be executed on some computer? If there is only one computer, the same computer handles user interaction. The same computer handles a program or runs a program which is doing this application logic. Additionally, there is accessing and updating database which we have just seen. Through DDL, DML, whatever, whatever, some data is accessed. All these three when put together constitute an application. I think that is common sense. Any information system processing application will require to access and update data. Will require to execute some computational logic which is called the application logic. And will be required to interact with the end user. So therefore it will require user interaction. Consequently, when we say we have built an information system, we imply not only definition of database, not only writing SQL queries for querying the database or update or insert. We also mean we write in some programming language the application logic of computation of CPR, whatever. And we also write additionally a user interface provision which will be interacting with the user to collecting information, showing information. All of these together constitute the application software or the information system software. Three components, user interaction, application logic, computations and data interaction. Now we come to the notion of application architecture. Traditionally, in the conventional third generation programming language system, a single program would do all these tasks. Even if there are multiple programs, they would typically all execute on the same computer. In fact, the standard model is the one which you are most familiar with. You have a PC and you have a monitor keyboard. It's all connected together. Your database is also on the PC on the disk. You might have actually a database on the PC. Your user interaction has to be performed by some logic inside the same computer. And your application calculation or application logic also has to perform the same. This is called a single tier application where all the three component programming pieces execute on a single computer. That's the standard way. There's nothing new. This is the standard application architecture that you are all familiar. Even when you execute a 4-turn program, the same 4-turn program has logic to say display this value or collect input from the user. Then you will perform some computations. You will go to a database. Means you will open a file, read some data, write some data. So database access is also being done by the same program. Computation of inverse of a matrix is also done by another function or program inside the same machine. And finally, the results are displayed by some statements in the 4-turn program. So you have a single monolithic program as one way of application architecture. But when we have computer networks, it is possible to have large systems or servers connected to a number of smaller systems which are called clients. The clients provide user access and the database is kept on the server. So consequently you have a Unix machine which is connected to 20 clients. And these 20 clients are connected to the computer on a network. These are not terminals. A terminal is driven directly from the back-end machine. A client is an independent machine, a PC. Now if you have 10 PCs connected to a server, does it make sense to execute interaction with all 10 users, computational application logic execution for all 10 users who are doing these programs plus the database access all on the back-end server? If you are, then you are using actually the client machines as Dumbo terminals. You suddenly have the facility of saying, oh my God, I got 10 intelligent machines which are working as clients. They have their own computational power. They have all the 3GL, 4GL capability. And I have a common server where the data is maintained. It makes sense to put the database on the back-end server because everybody will require to access the common data. But it makes a lot of sense to put the user interaction directly to run on that PC. So a PC itself could be provided with a program which displays a screen, menu choices. You select the menu. Then you choose what program to execute. And then you take a form. That form is also displayed by a program which is executing on local PC. Fill up the data in that form. Now the data is filled up by the user interaction. You send this data to back-end. This architecture is called client-server architecture because each of these two client and server are capable of executing some component of application here or there. This is called 2TR architecture. 2TR architecture means databases are on server machines which are managed by the database back-end. And user interaction portion and the application logic runs on client machine. Application logic is a very funny fellow. You can run the application logic on a client machine. You can also run the application logic on a back-end. So application logic can be anyway. Traditionally however, in a 2TR architecture the common database is at the back-end and individual programs which are being executed by 10, 15, 20, 30, 100 users run on their client machines. This is the traditional client-server architecture where the user interaction and application logic happens on the front-end machine. This presupposes that the front-end machines are full-fledged computers having their own operating system, having all the software components required to execute both the user interaction and the application. But you will agree that 2TR architecture will permit reduced load on the server. If you did everything on the server and server could support, say, 10 users from a performance point of view, the moment you build a 2TR application, you can possibly support 50 users. Only the back-end database activity is done on that and all the front-end things are exploited. A 3TR architecture goes further and says, why can't I run application logic at some other place than the client? It is quite possible that out of 10, 25 users, most of them are actually executing the same application. Consider real-life reservations. All users are actually doing the same thing, you know, compare whether the seat available or not, etc., etc. You get the data from the database. Everybody is going to do something similar. So why not combine that application logic and run it on a separate server? Any time a user data comes, it goes to the application logic. There are re-entrant programs, so there are 10, 25, 30 programs which could all be executing application logic on the application server. Consequently, you further separate out the database access, the application logic and the front-end. When you do that, you call it a 3TR architecture and the layer that you so create is called the application server layer. And it could be a physically separate server. Now, when you build a new application, ideally you would like to do this, so that you can maximize the application logic execution capability of a server for as many users as you have. Reduce the load on front-end, reduce the load on back-end. And if necessary, you can put multiple application server instances. Application server is a software. You can put multiple instances on a single server which is separate from database. Consequently, you can do a whole lot of load balancing. This architecture is called a 3TR architecture. When I say that either on a separate machine or on the same machine as database server, what would it mean? After all, if I have separated the logic, why would I put it on the same database server? Firstly, I may not want to put in a different hardware. Then why separate out the layer? The purpose is as follows. When I construct a modern information system, I should ideally develop that modern information system in a modular way, which clearly has user interaction, application logic, application logic, and database. Once I have done it like that, if I have a single server, I can put database server and application logic both there. But tomorrow, if somebody gives me two different servers for optimizing the performance, I do not know how to rewrite the whole thing. It's not a composite model. I can just take out the application logic or application program and run them on this server. Consequently, even if I put both of these on the same machine, then logically there will be different models. The application logic will access the database as if it is accessing a database on some other server. It will actually have IP address. There is that and everything. If you take this logic anywhere else, it will still go to the same fellow to get there. The back end, therefore, is split. So this is called three-tier architecture. And you get a multi-tier architecture because now a server could intern access another server somewhere. So you could have another three-tier application there, three-tier application there, servers talking to each other, all kinds of crazy things. But very neatly, logically, moduled and partitioned. This, generally, you call a distributed multi-tier architecture. So what we have seen in this session is major components of a DBMS, typical architecture of a DBMS itself. Like a DDL interpreter, a DML query optimizer, or storage manager, transaction manager and the physical storage handling. We also saw the components of application software for information system, user interaction, application logic, back end database. And we saw different architectures in which the application software could be organized in a modern networked environment. This completes the way in which we are going to see applications deployed or applications designed. This is the software technology of building modern information systems. We will now look at the components of building an application in a different perspective. Before that, of course, we will continue to study the database management system.


What's up everybody Jason here for jazby's case base calm We just sold out twenty twenty three peony absolute football hobby two box break random teams number four guys and again 32 spots Everybody gets a random team in the NFL and looking for some more kabooms or explosives guys They're not at least one and one two are the same ones in every case. So we're looking for one or the other guys Dice roll here got ourselves a full six and a six twelve times one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve David down to a a run two three four five six seven eight nine ten Cardinals down to the bangles So David you have the Cardinals Michael with the Raiders a year. I'm sorry Aaron Transcited you got Falcons generally the Saints Terry last followed the Dolphins Chris with the Vikings Joe with the Packers Ethan with the Titans Bill Ravens Mark with the bills Mark Russo with the Giants Karen You have the commanders Harry with the Seahawks and Chargers canard. You have the Jets Robert Grazio the Broncos Michael with my Eagles Mark Russo with the Lions a year on with the Cowboys Simon with the Jaguars Brian with the Bucks Joe Joe you got the Texans Jeremy with the Bears DMAG with the Patriots Oliver the Chiefs a Trendsetter got the Carolina Panthers Steve with the 49ers Jeremy with the Rams Steelers Anthony with the Browns and then a around you have the Colts in the bangles Yeah, it's funny was we were just talking about that earlier, man And like I was saying I was like it just seems like such a dub for the Chargers, right because you know They just haven't had success the last few years although having pretty talented roster You know the coaching staff was horrible. I feel like and now they got probably one of the most sought-out coaches Come back to the NFL But yeah, I mean I think it should work out just fine, right? But like I was telling people I just feel like a lot of people are just saying it's a sure thing and Everything's gonna be just fine. He's gonna turn it all around which It's not a not a sure thing, right a lot of things that happen But it should be fun though seeing him pair up here in LA Now he gets to live in beautiful Los Angeles not to say and our brain beautiful out there But a lot of different weather he's gonna have to you're not gonna have to worry about a lot of different things over there No more like he does here now. You just worry about earthquakes and bad drivers when it rains other than that beautiful but Should be we'll see so you're telling me that Scott Boris is just gonna get paid right now I'm gonna close the trade window Some teams just might not think those guys are worthy of him, man So now it's up to their agent to potentially negotiate a different style contract You're saying that Michigan has warmer weather Mike like now I'm sure Michigan temp. I'm sure the Michigan conditions are not the same as Los Angeles Year round Well, I guess we're gonna use this box. I already opened that one. I was supposed to go left or right Maybe it was meant to be left If it goes left, we're gonna use this side. If not, we'll see which side we use for this one Unfortunately already is that one there four One two three four and then we'll see top or bottom Three one two There we go. These ones will be for the next one There you go. Still split them. It's all right. Maybe this one's gonna have the kaboom in here That's meant to be Oops, I don't actually don't remember which way to start What's it this? I don't know. I guess we'll play it out Karnar Mint you to 75 for the golds A. A. Ron What's up chair, and I'll get you a little h-hand kaboom, right? Yeah, we actually hit a glass redemption earlier in this case. Uh, when we first started I think I think we hit a Panthers one But sometimes there's been like two or three people have been saying throughout cases Sean Clifford green bagel and a joe and then Whoa, how about a little spectrum signatures mark barbell? 24 to 25 giants What a mark Russo Also to my I wasn't saying trying to get used to more weather. It's that I'm pretty sure he's happy He doesn't have to deal with the weather Being super cold Anymore living in LA is what I'm saying not getting used to it, but Basically coming back and living here And enjoying it. All right, we got a not rock out or is a knockout rock out Tori Holt rams We got Andy Dalton And we got nick Bolton heroes to 99 and we got Jartavius Martin and then steve Oliva, oh, sorry Avila Steve Avila while sanders Groundhogs Ricky Williams to 109 and christian Kirk and then we got four to bears nice brashan Johnson to 399 the bears Bear's going to Jeremy a really really thin pack. So either we have a redemption or we have Something here Stargazing for the Patriots. That's juju some of Schuster and scary cherry McLaren Patriots DMAC Teen Tandems Daniel Jones and Saquon Barkley to 199 We got a Will Lovis We got something gold behind Will Lovis George Pickens out of 10 Again, that is definitely a banana autograph A nice one there for the Steelers, Jeremy Shorthill with that one Ethan with the Will Lovis there Michael Wilson to 99 War Room Did you close that because if not it still drains my battery.  That's sick Wow, Robert Smith Singer for the Cure and Dante Cole Pepper Dual autograph historic dual autographs number to 25 for the Minnesota Vikings What a Chris G Rishi Rice Nice patches there. How about Aiden Hutchinson to 49? Redemption there And we got Jackson Smith and Jigba rookie premiere material autographs car number 205 Jalen Carter from my Eagles Gonna Michael out. There you go All right. Well, like I said before guys, we did pull a nice, uh I think it was a kaboom in the first like two breaks or something like that But every case I've seen so far has had at least Two either one kaboom one explosive two kabooms two explosives. So Either we have an explosive potentially hiding here or Another kaboom potentially. I'm not too sure though. I mean, it's not guaranteed but for the most cases I've seen It's been that route So I did repost it guys if you guys want to try to run it back and I can take advantage of 15% off I'll put some cool autographs in this one though guys some nice names I'd be winning rookie of the year soon Got that dual autograph Will levis out of 10 pickings There you go guys So appreciate it. Check it out more on jaspyscasebreaks.com


Right so let me start with a brief reminder of what I mean I wouldn't remind everything with that well done yesterday but there is one thing that you need and so the setup is as follows. I have some key, in most cases it will be perfect to fill the first characteristic but and some key something that can be just commutative measuring that you measuring you have some a so last time it was community but in fact it doesn't even have to be that say associative unital what k algebra of course if we're over a field it's automatically flat and now I define this environment actually I didn't introduce a name for this let me do it now so I consider algebraic k theory of power series in one form of variable t of coefficients in a I completed so this is actually the inverse limit of k theories of truncating guys and then I notice that it splits as k theory of a plus something else which is of interest for me so let me call this something else with k theory it's not standard name but I mean I need something right so why not this double a k of a and then there was this observation this is what really curtain assessed for the lecture so if k is p local this guy carries those endomorphisms silent n which are almost idempotent if you if k is p local and n is a divisible and n is prime to p then you can invert n and then you get an honest idempotent and then the whole thing splits into a product of copies was smaller guy called so this is kind of big with k theory and this is typical with k theory this is just the kernel of all of all those other and this what is our interest to me this is what I want to study so I said that uh in situation one case perfect field and ace community can smooth this gives you the there are weak forms and particularly it has a differential so uh whereas the differential differential comes from a circle action this was the end of last so how does this uh go let me explain this now so I mean there are various ways to do it uh the one I prefer actually involves a little bit of category theory but I think this is in the end the most conceptual clear one so this is what I'm going to present uh partially it already appeared in talk by Tina on Monday in the form of a so-called cyclic object but let me be slightly more precise about once a reminder because most people heard about it but still uh so uh just a simple thing take some n and let me denote by n brackets and long the nose there's uh it's a category but it's a very small category so I take uh a wheel we were with n vertices and this is a wheel we were and this is the path category of this we were so there are n objects and morphisms are just you know paths it's of course I mean there is a orientation and the only way the only invariant for path is actually its length you just go around the quiver for as long as you want so basically alternatively you can think that objects are just residues mod n and then maps from a to a prime are just integers such that a plus l so l is this length it's least zero and l is a map from a to a prime such that a plus l is a prime model of n of course for every guy we have an endomorphism which which is a path which goes around the the loop around the wheel exactly once so there is the stole a from a a response to f so it's a path which goes around the loop exactly now there I mean it's a it's a category but of course category means something huge and this one is very small but still the same kind of there are objects morphisms so okay now if you have two guys like this and you have some funk from m you observe the following you take some a object you have this uh endomorphism to a and then you so a function sends a map to a map right so this will be some endomorphism some endomorphism of f of a so it has to be some power of and that guy actually generates the story generates the endomorphism monoid so this guy raised to some power which is a non-negative integer i don't know by degree of f and in these observations that this degree does not depend on a so it's the same for all these does not depend it's an another one it can be zero for example if we just send everything to a single object and all the maps to the identity then this will be zero and I wanted to be actually non-zero and for now I wanted to be exactly one so definition there's a small category denoted by lambda it's the category so objects are just you know numbered by non-negative integers we denote a tradition like this can and brackets so there's some discrepancy in literature where they start numbering from zero or from one and there are valid reasons for both unfortunately so i'm going to start with one so this is just the number of vertices in the keyword and then uh those are the objects and then maps morphisms are just you know functors from some n some n prime of degree one this is a very very well known gadget it was invented by lmcon like almost 40 years ago and it has different definitions but for me this one is now if you look at the category you can look at uh it's nerve it's an official set you can take its classifying space and then this classifying space which I denote like this is actually so it's not uh it's simply connected but not contractible it's a cp infinity or equivalent to the classifying space of the circle where circle is the group consider the group the usual group structure or it won't be you want the same thing right and uh this means the following so if you have so if you have some function from lambda to some category e which is locally constant in the sense that it inverts all maps so every map and lambda goes to something in the target category and then since the thing is simply connected locally constant means constant however they can do something slightly uh more refined you can now take as our target the category of spaces in whatever sense you want so it can be there are everything which models homotopy types it could be biological spaces or completion sets it really doesn't matter then if you you know i'll denote by co of lambda the homotopy category of functions like this so you take functions and you invert point wise uh weak equivalences you need some technology for that but that's standard and then if x is locally constant in the sense that uh this means that any map goes to something which is not directly an isomorphism but a weak equivalence a weak equivalence is a weak equivalence for all f so you have a full subcategory here spanned by these guides i denote this by lc that's for locally constant then this uh locally constant then is equivalent to the category of spaces uh with s1 action we'll see the biological spaces for to be precise and then so you take s1 space equip the continuous s1 action and you take the homotopy category so Tina mentioned this and so this is a precise one of the ways you can make the precise statement that cyclic objects correspond to things within the circle action here is a fine point which i want to mention explicitly so this thing here can actually mean two different things and in my experience to topologists it usually means one thing and two people from all algebraic representation means the other so you consider spaces with s1 action you consider the homotopy category but the question is what kind of homotopies do you allow do you insist that homotopies are also a covariant or do you or do you just invert all maps which are homotopy equivalents without regards to s1 so the latter is actually a much smaller category in the form because if you also allow homotopies which are s1 aquarium or only those homotopies then for example the space of fixed points with respect to some subgroup becomes a homotopy invariant node so this kind of refined homotopy category contains a lot of information whereas the latter thing is actually very very stupid well i mean it's a much smaller category for example the classifying space of a point would be something contractual in s1 action would be just homotopy equivalent to the point in the latter category but not in the form so this here the small one so small one so invert homotopy is not necessarily s1 and then so this s1 action but if your target is not just a space but something linear like a spectrum for example or you can also consider a homological version where your target is a complex of a chain complex or some ring then so if x goes from one to the spectra then you can actually split this s1 action into two parts so this one has homology in degree zero and in degree one so you can split this and then you get a natural map from b from value of x let's say object one it doesn't matter which object i take here because the thing is locally constant so they all do the same there is a map from this guy to its loop spectra homologically this would be a shift in degree and this is known as con sigan maybe right differential and this how the deram differential in deram width complex and also say the deram differential in the usual deram complex in the context of the corp of course there appears so this is the typical source the differential on this okay so what i want to do i want to consider my width k theory and endow it with the structure of a locally constant cyclical now how do i do this again i mean there are various ways to do it but i'm going to use a category theory again so one advantage of defining this category lambda in the way i did is the following so if i take any small category dmitry we have a question if you are taking the joint of the s1 action isn't there some disjoint base points it depends on what you mean by space but you probably want get pointed spaces but then i want disjoint base point which is s1 fixed and another question the question was about the differential on the previous slides should i show it yeah would be helpful yes so it was an action on a spectrum and then the smash product then is adjoined to the free loop space isn't it yes the point is that if it's a spectrum so we have the summation map you can split the free loop space into the product of x and the base loop space so free loop space splits into x times omega x so i have a map from x to lx just this action and then i take the component which lands in the moment and that's my differential okay thanks all right right so now it takes a small category and then i can define its psychic nerve this will be cyclic set the factor from lambda to sets just in a very naive very direct way so it sends some n you know just to the set of functions from n lambda to this completely parallel to the usual definition of a nerve or a small category except instead of kind of the category delta which parameterizes ordinals i consider this lambda which parameterizes kind of it's now a loop category or a quiver which is a wheel and not just a string but essentially the same construction obviously functorial respect with maps in lambda just from the wake of traffic lambda and so it says cyclic set uh i won't actually convert it to a category so there is something which is called growth and deconstruction you don't really need to know if you don't already you don't really need to know the full extent of it but what i want to do i want to consider the following category again so consider something which you'll denote lambda i it's some category which comes equipped with a function to lambda and its object appears of an object in lambda and some function so this projection here is forgetful functor which just forgets the second day forgets there's a functor and the fiber so if you have an object here then the fiber of this functor over some n it's just this discrete thing just the set of those i can do it for any functor to sets right if you do it for simple set this is usually called the category of simplices and it can cause the same day tomorrow less so you can recover again your functor from sets from given a category like this a projection which satisfies some conditions now but the reason i want to do it this way is the following assume now that what you have is not a category but what they call a two category so uh now take two categories they see i don't really need to know the precise definition you need to know it's something which has objects but then for any two objects you have not a set of maps from c to c but a set of morphology but a category and then there are compositions there are identity domorphisms and you can sometimes ask it to be strict so the compositions are strictly associated also there are some kind of constraints there and there is actually a way to package the whole thing rather a more convenient way using this growth and deconstruction i mean it's many places in literature for example i just recently had an opportunity to write up a survey of this so it's posted on archive pretty standard the precise details are not that important you can i mean somewhat technical but you can make it work but now what i want to do i want to consider the cyclic mirror for these two categories and and i want to do it right away in a way in the second way using this growth and deconstruction so then we have and this will now be again just a category it moves to the projection to plan so object appears again and gamma gamma is a function from n to c so this has to be made sense of but again this is a standard thing so objects go to objects morphisms in n go to morphisms in c but then whether it's a composable pair there is also some map which some isomorphism between the gamma of composition and composition of gums so these are objects and morphisms are the following so you have some let me do another board some morphisms you have some n gamma you have some prime gamma prime and the morphisms of is a pair f so y f is just a map and then y so i have this gamma which is a function from n to c i have gamma prime i can compose gamma prime with with f and then this phi is a map from gamma to f composed with gamma prime composed with f no the other way around i mean it's a similar two category of simplex is except there instead of this phi there was just a condition because there the things was just a set there were no maps between but now it's a two category so now there are maps so there is an extra structure there is this extra phi and this such a map technological thing so we should have another morphism is called Cartesian if this phi is actually inverted it doesn't have to be but if it is so again we have projection from lambda c to lambda which just forgets gamma and for example the phi bar over one would be the following so it's a category of pairs c which is an object into category and then f which is an endomorphism of the object c and then of course since c from c to c is a category now there are maps between those f's and this what makes this into a category okay and now a general definition trace theory c with values in some category e is a function of lambda c to e that inverts all Cartesian maps now this terminology is mine but the notions of I mean it surely was discovered sometimes in the 70 by the Australian school and then also Tina mentioned that there was a work by Kate Ponto about well several years ago five years maybe and she said about various trace structures in anthropology so she had a name I think her name was shadow if I remember correctly it's pretty close notion so the notion by itself is not that it's not unique and it's kind of axiomatizes some structures which is in nature so why do I call the trace theory so let's see what this is actually practice what what kind of data this guy consists of explicitly so first of all we have this function we can restrict it to the fiber or what so that's fun here which means that for any c and f I have some object okay but now turns out that the next next piece of data which this gadget provides so now we can consider the fiber over two this is a wilk we were with two vertices so consider and the fibers is what so there is an object here an object here and then a map f f right and so I have to associate something to this also but then since my e inverts Cartesian maps the scan they actually identified with e related to c with coefficients in the composition but on the other hand I can equally well identify it with e at c prime and the composition taken in the other direction the other order and so what what I end up with is actually this isomorphism between the two things which is an extra piece of data and this is some kind of trace sort of quotes isomorphism trace just because it satisfies the basic true property of traces which is that trace of a b is the same of trace trace of b a right and so this is the reason for terminology and one can show that this actually I mean this has to satisfy some pretty compatibility condition and then this this is one the one corresponds since actually I have some kind of function problem the c1 plus these actor trace isomorphisms which satisfy some kind of high compatibility condition but the reason I bothered with the more invariant categorical definition is of course that I want to do also a homotopy version and for that it's not good to say that it's up to some higher things because you have to specify all those characters so it's actually better to use this category lambda c and then definition is that x so a homotopy trace theory is a it's a function from lambda c to spaces now but I only want to consider it after wik equivalence after point wise wik equivalence it sits inside this homotopy category of punctures and it should be locally constant along all the Cartesian maps so all Cartesian maps in lambda c go to wik equivalence constant along Cartesian maps that's the definition let me denote by some denote lambda c the full subcategor spent by homotopy trace theory now if you want you can think about this as some kind of infinity category whatever but actually for me it's not needed it's enough to consider the kind of very naive homotopy category where I just invert point wise wik equivalence and leave it at that without any higher structures so I would not leave it and now so an observation is that so it's not now easy to describe this thing by explicit there's no more reason because there is an infinite number of them but at least so if I have such a thing then for any c and f I get some kind of space but what's more now I can restrict my intention to the situation when this f is not just some random f but actually the identity in them and then this technical problem with zoom okay so if if this f is the identity thing then what I have is actually so there's this projection and I have a whole section of this projection which sends one to c and the identity that actually extends to all the other two three and so on and let me actually denote this by sigma c n goes to so it's just n and then the the function sends everything to so this is a quiver I need to specify objects and I need to specify uh arrows so all the objects would be c and all the arrows would be just the identity right so there's the section and then what I can do I can consider now I can pull back my trace theory x with respect to this section and this will be a locally constant function from lambda to space so this will be this uh locally constant uh cyclic cyclic space and this means that if I have a trace theory then its value at c identity for any c is actually is a comes with the circle action so carry it is a locally constant cyclic object in particular if now I consider not just functions to spaces but functions to spectra then I get this differential automatically so trace theory produces me lots of things with this circle action and so now let me give so this was an abstract general theory but let me give you an example which is of interest to me I mean this is kind of the intended application of the formalism so example I take a two category of algebras and bimorphs so let me denote it by more where this stands for marita so objects associative unit of flat at algebras then morphisms from a to b are sort of a b by modules or formally a opposite modules m flat on winds on one side flat you can compose this so this is a well defined two category so you can consider trace theory then example number two is a much smaller object so one of the basic examples of a two category is a two category of just a single object so when you have a single object you only have the category of its endomorphisms but it comes equipped with a monoidal structure because you can compose them so a two category of a single object has the same thing as a monoidal and so I can consider kind of the part of this marita category which where the only algebra considers k itself so let me denote this by b k mod b here stands for classifying space if you want so there is a single object point can you say why flatness is necessary you can get no it's actually not necessary I mean for the definition it's not necessary but there is a theory which is coming up where this would be important the formula formally you can consider the category I mean this will be a larger two category and you can do that but there is a theorem coming up that's all right so morphisms now of course I mean one two categories a part of another one as I said we just restrict one single algebra which is k itself so there is an obvious kind of reduction function you take a trace theory on the large guy and you restrict it to just the small way by the way when you have the classifying two category of a monoidal category then the trace theory on that guy I called I mean I have paper on this way I called it a trace function and then so the trace function monoidal category is exactly this it's a function plus isomorphism between f of a tensor b and f of b tensor a so this is an extra structure maybe terminology is excessive but it's in the literature so better mention so you can restrict a trace theory to this trace function and then there is a very useful general statement which says that it's actually almost an equivalent so you can recover trace theory from the corresponding trace function theorem there is a left adjoint adjoint not just a left adjoint but a fully faithful adjoint fully faithful I called expansion function while some x trace theories on the bing guy and you can characterize its essential image I don't want to give you the definition but it's some version of homotopy invariant invariance so which basically holds in practice so all trace theories you would want to consider in real life would be in the image so the image so the essential image can be described so this is a bit of a miracle and as you see I slowly sort of I was mostly interested in the originally in commutative algebras but now expanded to my generality non-commutative algebras now I allowed bimodules and there is a reason for that the reason is that you get have this kind of great theorem which roughly speaking tells you that if you generally sufficiently far you allow algebras and bimodules then you can get rid of algebras so if you know the trace theory for just key but with coefficients in an arbitrary vector space then you recover your trace theory for all algebras and all bimodules and then what you're interested in is of course some algebra plus the identity and all plus the diagonal bimodules but it pays to generalize the story because then it reduces to just key okay so this is a general theorem and of course even if you construct a trace theory for some other methods it's very useful to compare between two different points so if you have some map and you want to show that it's an isomorphism it's enough to do it on the trace function level just for key because once it's a fully faithful embedding so once an isomorphism there it's an isomorphism everywhere I don't have to really prove it the machine gives it to you okay and now the punchline the punchline is of course is that my width k theory can be promoted to Hamilton-Petrer's theory in fact it's almost obvious so let me show how this is done so width k theory so it used to be defined just for a single algebra now I need an algebra a and then a bimodule the model over a opposite what I do and it's flat on one one side so what I do I consider the tensor algebra of m over a just the usual tensor algebra I can't truncate it at any m so I take the two sided ideal generated by m to the power n plus one and higher and I take the portion where I define completed k theory of tensor algebra as before simply just as a well a multibillion right respect to m the truncating guys and then I observe as before that there is an augmentation map to a which is split and so I define the definition right so it's a statement that is completed with another algebra splits into k theory of a plus something else which I want to call width k theory of a with coefficients in m and then it also carries those endomorphism defined exactly as before because you know this is k theory so now I'm thinking about modules not so the formal power series is of course the tensor algebra of the diagonal bimodule but for any bimodule I can consider models of this algebra and then by the same twisting which I had last time and which I had an opportunity to recall in the beginning this lecture fortunately because of the question by Willie it works again in exactly the same way and defines those endomorphisms again square to e n squares to n e n and if now my k is p local then the whole thing you can show that this is p local you can take the kernel so you get p typical and lemma is that all these guys are naturally homogenous theories so let me do the big one but the small one is homotopy race theory this two category of algebras and I call it lemma not a proposition I mean it's kind of important for the business but it's also very very simple if you almost know this so how do we do this so we know what we want when I have an algebra and the bimodule so we know how the wheel is about race theory on this fiber lambda c1 so how to define it on lambda cn right so here we have so what's an object here it's again a cure so you have some algebras here 0 a1 and so on a n and you have some bimodules 0 0 1 if you want m 1 2 and so on what you do you take just but now I have some flexibility right I mean I didn't say that my a is k or anything it can be anything so I just take a which is just the direct sum of those a i's it's an algebra and m which is the direct sum of those m you know i plus one it's a bimodule respect to this bimodule structure which is obvious here if you if you write it in block form it will have zeros everywhere except for the permutation cycle so it particularly will have nothing on the diagonals but you'll have something when you off diagonal by one and then so what you can do you can consider you can consider with k theory of a and m and then it's very easy to prove that this actually canonical isomorphic to with k theory of say a zero with coefficients in the product so you have a cycle you can take the product that m 0 1 times a1 and 1 2 times so on until then and the reason is basically quillings devisage so k theory is invariant of a category in this case the category is the category of so let me go back the category here is the category of modules over this algebra but this the same is basically the presentations of the quillers so what's the model here or every vertex you have some p which is a module over a so pi which is a model over a i and then m's act and then you can consider the subcategory of modules such that its value at zero is zero and this category would have a final filtration with such a certain grid coefficients are just modules over a i which means that its k theory would be just the k theory the sum of k theories of a i where i is different from z all the m's would disappear because you know when you have a matrix algebra when you have an algebra which is written in a matrix form and everything is upper triangular it's only their terms on the diagonal that matter it's a basic property of k theory which says that it has this kind of additivity property when you have an extension of two categories then k theory only depends on the categories and not on the extension date so you can forget the extension date and then of course so there is a subcategory where the term at zero is just zero and the portion by that is exactly modules of free algebra over i mean a zero and then this module which is the composition so the point is that modules over tensor algebra is a category which is very simple it has a homological dimension one and so in this case you can analyze it completely you can split it into two parts and you see that the difference between k groups are just k groups of the terms which you remove and when i go to wit k theory which i remind you is something where again i already took the constant term out then the result is that the two things are completely obvious so i could write this down probably but to take too much space with the simplified technology so let me just say that this follows by David Sachs and this this only works because the tensor algebras are so simple it's homological dimension and for me this is the main reason which kind of to say that the whole theory wants to be non-commutative because if you stay in the commutative world then you can also consider free commutative variables but those would be more difficult i mean algebra of polynomials and n variables has homological dimension n but if you look at non-commuting polynomials in any variables could be infinite number of them it's still homological dimension so it looks like this work so the upshot is that my wit k theory more or less directly without any effort Mitya before erasing the white boards there is a question was the lambda c n plus square bracket n plus one instead of square bracket m yes because i start from zero right yes sorry it wasn't plus one it's all this this this numbering thing yeah sorry about it okay so the upshot w and also the same is true for the typical right a w k a m so it's a it's a homogenous theory and so its study reduces so in order to study it for all a and m you only need to consider w of k m for arbitrary m w k right and now there is a miracle coming up specific for the case for now up to now k could be anything but now let me specify well i mean it should be p local if you want to take your position but now let me reduce the case where k is a perfect field so if k perfect characteristic p and there is a theorem and this i should attribute this is definitely due to large and this is actually fantastic so wit k theory i mean his terminology is different but it's a statement of k m is zero unless so you only get anything in a single degree and everything else is just here i mean the way he proves it's really high tech so he basically uses this uh dandas macarthia theorem which is a version of good william theorem which shows how k theory changes when you're doing intensible deformations in terms of tc and then he he does the computation with a tensor algebra and i mean it's a non-trivial highly retrieval computation and then everything just cancels out if we were to know a direct proof of this the whole theory was simplified mostly but i don't know directly i mean it looks deceptively simple essentially you're computing a completed k theory of tensor algebra but tensor algebra has a more homological dimension one so you expect there to be something very simple but i don't know any argument which would go like that without the honest computation and then in degree zero it's of course highly non-trivial and so to finish today let me just roughly speak and tell you what you get what's the shape of things you get on degree zero i mean not zero but one i mean there's a shift by one that's k one degree one so essentially what i get is a function from vector spaces to a billion groups so in fact we have a billion groups so we get let me denote it just simply by w some kind of you know polynomial function of two vectors that's a function from k vector to a billion groups it actually comes with the with the filtration so it's actually complete it's an inverse limit of a certain natural tower and the terms of the tower you cannot really describe them directly i think the definition is the easiest way to describe them of course it's just k one so it's not that difficult it's basically just a realization of of the groups of matrices i think actually there is a recent reference by nick allows and maybe crowds i'm not sure where this is worked out in writing so it's an archive preprint from this year i also have a paper on this which is not finished but the point is that it's an iterated extension so there's w n of m w and plus one of m and the kernel is the cyclic power so it's m for the power n co-invited with respect to sigma where the sigma is just the order n cycle fermentation there's a quotient by z mod n z that's a factor from vector spaces to a billion groups which is built out by some kind of twisted you know cyclic power of course if if if it were split this would just be zero horses homology of the tensor algebra and this thing is a twisted version of that so it has a filtration such that it should associate great quotient with that and if you want the p-typical guys then they correspond to powers of powers of p instead of all n's so there is right correct correct so thank you Yuri there's nick allows crowds but another paper by nick allows crowds and other people so crowds on nick allows right so for p-typical guys it's the same but you would only get powers of n would be a power of p so there's also some natural filtration so the rate of cyclic power and so this is something which is very very concrete and down so when i said in my first lecture that i'm not going to prove comparison between wittke theory and coaxial witt and there are witt but i will show you that wittke theory is computable this is basically what i meant so by general machine of trace series it reduces to the computation for just k and in that case it's a very very concrete functor there is nothing even hypothetical about it anymore it's a functor from vector spaces to a billion lips which you can analyze by hand construct direct and so on so forth okay i think that's enough for today and on my last lecture on monday i think i will discuss a little bit the cyclotomic structure which this thing has which we saw in tina's lectures on tuesday but which in my lectures hasn't yet come up so it will come up on monday okay thank you very much okay thank you very much indeed and let's thank the speaker for an interesting talk any questions at all or comments we received a question from uh uh remy at the end of the proof of the lemma how has was the trace ultimately defined okay so i need to define the point is that it's uh inconvenient to define the trace i directly define trace theory which is a value of so it's a functor on this lambda c and the trace comes out when you when you do this comparison so basically if you want the trace you take a and b you take a plus b and then m plus n which is the off diagonal by module you compute with k theory of that and you see that it has comparison with two guys with k theory of a of coefficients in the product so let me maybe write this let me do the computation i mean not do the computation but write write the statement you have a b m and m you do this and there is a direct comparison map which is just you know it's a functor between categories from this to this of a of coefficients in m tensor b m just because the category of modules over this tensor algebra which is in the first uh line uh contains is a full subcategory the category of models of the tensor algebra of m times n over a and then this map is on and then we do the same at b and that traces composition of this guy and then verse to the other so that that's roughly how it goes okay thank you another question uh in the definition of the category lambda capital what happens to the story if you allow maps of any degree and not just of degree one what happens will appear on one cyclotonic structure happens it's a very good question but it's exactly what i am going to discuss in my third lecture okay it's a very good question we deserve the one hour answer any other questions or comments if not let's thank Dmitry again and next lecture will be by Tina Gerhardt at half past three Paris time thank you


So I'm Roman Gojayev. I'm coming from Azerbaijan. And this is my friend Ayita. She's coming from India. We both are Generation Connect Visionaries Board of ITU, which is a youth board for digital inclusion. And by the way, Ayita came here after 25 hours long flight. And I wonder why you are here. What brings you here, Ayita? Well, that was definitely a really long journey to get here. And so did you travel a lot. But we are here today to bring to the center stage the voices of the youth, share their experiences, perspectives, and ideas, and accelerating SDGs. You know what? There was a research that happened where young people were involved, where they highlighted the importance and potential of emerging technology, such as AI, IoT, GIS, AR, and VR, to accelerate SDGs and express some of their concerns. Well, that sounds amazing, isn't it? I wonder if there are any solutions that young people want to bring for these concerns. Oh, yeah, they highlighted several, several applications. They illustrated how technology, for example, or for instance, IoT can be used in environment monitoring to monitor and track the environmental parameters to improve the quality of air and water. Similarly, the use of AR and VR for achieving healthcare and quality education. I know right. Another Norseware technology I've heard from young people is remote sensing technology. So these tools have provided significant impact for critical aspects such as soil water or monitoring of land use. And young people say that there is potential significant of these tools for the farmers in agriculture, especially. But there is also emphasized that the potential of these applications still remain untapped. Well, there are definitely a lot of applications out there and a lot of innovative ideas. But Roman, why are these untapped? So my answer will be governmental willingness and use participation, because use young individuals expect decision makers to involve them for them to be part of the decision-making processes. And they're also expecting the stakeholders across private, public, and social sphere to empower them being digital change makers in their communities, because they are the ones facing these challenges in their communities rights. And they are actually also saying that there should be investment made in localizing digital solutions, making it accessible in their local languages. That's a great point. Having worked with and conducted research myself in IoT and various other emerging technologies and in the technology and policy and standard space, I can see that establishing forward-looking regulatory mechanisms and frameworks that encompass data protection, data privacy laws, and technology-specific regulation is important. For example, in AI. You see exactly like immediate action taken by the decision makers could be focused on equitable access also for the qualification and also gender-digital divide. Hold on. What does it mean gender-digital divide? Okay, so that is different. So there is basically a digital divide that impacts women especially when it comes to the geography, once come to the economic issues. And there's also a large proportion of youth, especially young girls, who doesn't have any access to internet or any kind of technologies. So this results in absence of equality of opportunities for education and of course, financial dependence. Well, as a youth and a young woman myself, I can totally relate to this and I understand. So raising awareness and understanding of SDGs within the societies is really important. It's important to prioritize SDGs at a national level to integrate them into our policies and frameworks across sectors. And we should assemble you to take it forward. Yeah, thank you for sharing it. Right, what we should now, I see at least 500 people here in the room. Do you see me? You should. And I want you to clap if you agree with us. I want to hear from you. More, more, more. Thank you. Thank you, see you. Thank you very much.


As you know, Sabre Guardian 16 is the first major post-war exercise that demonstrates how critical to the United States and NATO, the southern flank and the Black Sea region is to our shared defense. By the complexity of the current security environment in the South and Eastern Plains and in the safety of Black Sea, we need to know that we can counter that our soldiers in tight operation with our allies and partners can send a firm deterrence message by showing a strong collective and national defense capability.


Coming to you from RGIS Studios, I am Anitia Antoine and this is your MdNews Brief. St. Lucia's Prime Minister and Chairman of the Caribbean Community, Hon. Alan Chastney, has been lauded for the proactive stance of the Government of St. Lucia as Tropical Storm Dorian threatened. The Chief Executive Officer and Director-General of the Caribbean Hotel and Tourism Association, Frank Comito, in a statement commended regional governments and the tourism industry for their level of preparedness and their timely informing of residents and visitors of the potential threats posed by the Tropical Storm. He applauded Prime Minister Hon. Alan Chastney as well as Barbados' Prime Minister, Hon. Mia Motley for their common-sense approach, effective communications, emergency management and their continuing investment in infrastructure and upgrades to the hotel properties. The CHTA's CEO noted that airports which were closed as required when sustained winds reached 40 knots have reopened at full capacity. As Dorian moves across the region, Comito encouraged other countries and territories to remain vigilant. Carifesta 14 is being hailed a success. The curtains came down on the Caribbean Arts Festival in Trinidad and Tobago on Sunday, August 25. St. Lucia at Sandcraft at Carifesta 14 generated interest and sale opportunities. The St. Lucia artists at Carifesta are hoping that there will be greater interest and more demand for authentic solution creativity. The Department of Health and Wellness wishes to inform the public that the urgent care unit at the Denry Hospital will be closed during the period Monday, August 26 to Thursday, September 5, 2019 to undergo mold treatment. Therefore, all persons with emergencies are kindly asked to visit the St. Jude Hospital and Victoria Hospital for management of cases. Primary care services at Denry Hospital will continue as routine. This has been your media news brief. Thank you for watching.