We sometimes, you know, we get caught so much in the work when I see you in this light, you're just shining Man, ain't God good Yes, he is all the time Check it man, hey man, we got a young lady in here today, y'all She don't really need no introduction, man She been on Boss Talk 101 before Her interview, the last time she was on here If you go back and check her out, man you'll see what type of energy she brings and just the dopeness of the loyalty of her the way that she you know, have been dedicated, man, loving the vibe, the Boss Talk movement, man Check it man, Terry Cherry's in the building Terry, man, what's going on? What's up? Girl, you so wild man Say man, I mean, you know ever since we met we ended up, we decided that we were going to hang out and you know, really just you know, be a part of what you do, man and we decided that and there's been a lot of different things, a lot of different things that don't happen over the year, we went to Vegas, we went to Houston Houston? What else we do? We just hung out, we went different places, we've been to different parties you turned it out at that DFW pop-up You remember that? Yeah, I remember that She started her House of Cherry She started her House of Cherry We didn't came so far, y'all listen we got so much big and now, the new generation with the boss talk PRONTAIN Y'all just don't know how much that mean to me and just how much I've been pushing it, you know what I'm saying, because that means a lot, especially for the new generation to come up and for us to get a platform to set our stones, man, we feel to go hard Man, I mean, we already people don't realize how much work is going on on the back side, man, the people that so dedicated and we got so much that we got that people don't notice going on and that's why I know it's something special because we're putting in that work and building this foundation and a lot of people are talking about it and like I said without you it doesn't happen I thank you for everything that you've done your dedication, you motivating me, talking to me sometimes when everything seem to be going crazy I can always talk to Cherry Cherry and everything seem to just go away you know what I mean, the problems seem to you know what I mean so just tell us a little bit about the house of Cherry and what what you're planning with that owner Let me tell you something baby for all the audience that's out there we'd be going city to city, town to town dust to dust and we looking for that raw talent, you know what I'm saying to put on that boss talk prime time I'm talking about the people that got that talent, they sent these small places that ain't got the money for it, they ain't got the light for it we going down, digging deep we axing, we looking around for you, now I want you to know now if you got some talent and you in a small place and you don't feel like that you got that shine, hit us up on boss talk prime time man listen man go to the, look we want to see, I want to come you know we can from city to city with the thing you feel me, we pushing this thing man yeah, you know like I said I've seen the work I know you went down to South by Southwest and I mean definitely how did you like that was that your first time it's a bittersweet thing y'all cause y'all know I was shooting the house chairs we had a good time we were supporting each other making a change, going out doing concerts and stuff that we had built up and it was bittersweet, it's a little I ain't gonna lie, it's a little drama action on there, you want to check out the house chairs cause it can go either way, you know but I wanted to, I really wanted to make it where we can make a change out of it you know what I'm saying, take people and have them to come together and support each other they don't get the support you know what I'm saying from the outside world but we up there growing, or some people who already been on this for a long time they feel like they ain't got the publicity and spot that they need, this is where I'm talking about the top prime time, it's giving us a platform for that, you know what I'm saying especially in our little neighborhoods where we come from everybody got different backgrounds, but right here on boss talk prime time, this new generation this is where it's set baby I want to ask you about something that I seen and I didn't even know it all the time you had been on here I knew that you knew Smoothie, but I didn't know that y'all had a song that y'all had done together and what tripped me out was when I seen it you were holding your own on it man and I just want you to give me a run down on the process of that song and kinda just tell me how it all transpired um I don't laugh but um that was my dog, you know what I'm saying we, shoot we came up together, you know what I'm saying so uh, yeah, you know what I'm saying at that time, me and him was in love with the songs, from our different point of views and perspectives at the time you know what I'm saying and we was trying to make something happen, you know what I'm saying he did a little song called Mixing Emotions for me and I did, you know what $1 for him, you know what I'm saying so yeah, you know what I'm saying it came to be how it is I think we got like, we got I think we got like like 31,000 on that move, it's climbing too you know what I'm saying what was the whole process on just uh, the song some of the, what was your give me a, just a what was your hook, you sung a hook on that, what was it I'm that bitch named Cherry and I come with some beats want some band hands in my hand if you fuckin' with me nigga's trying to get some pussy, I ain't fuckin' for free know my pussy got some pressure but I come with your feet need some gosh in my account for you sending for me got to pay you for you later when you fuckin' with me he know me, he know like damn him around, he know me so yeah, you know what I'm saying I just, I like to say when I seen you on that video man, I was like that's a dope video and I know he brings the pain I love Smoothie, Smoothie is a native from, from Boss Talk 101 I always call him up and chop it up with him man I go down and when we interview him, I always just always uh, be happy to get with him in the 50, how did you feel about him signing in the 1501? man I think that was a great move for him, I been new he already told me beforehand, so I'm so glad that you know what I'm saying you know what I'm saying, he got to this platform, we already knew that he was gonna be who he is today, so you know what I'm saying, but Terry we're about Terry, you know what I'm saying so, you know what I'm saying, I'm still supporting my dog correct, but would y'all ever work together again? hell yeah yeah, when he come to this camp you know what I'm saying, I just like to say after the Austin, y'all support my dog y'all linked up in Austin? yeah we linked up so you made it, you talked with him I went to the 1501 event, I met C.C.O.P, I mean man that's my boy too, you know what, this is the first place C.C.O.P ever interviewed man oh yeah? yeah, this was your second interview he cool, he cool, yeah this is my third I'm talking about when you first came on here, you had interviewed before somewhere else, hadn't you yeah, well he the H.C. but you was nervous about this one yeah but you handled it I handled it man, I do these things so C.C.O.P, you ran into him down there as well oh man, you East Texas, you know I ain't gonna lie, some people have got on here and said that you was the hardest female from East Texas I promise they done got on here and said that you was one of the hardest artists coming out of, because of your versatility yeah you can do so many different things and I think that's dope that they would even recognize you on that level man, I ain't never put myself in no box I always thought whatever I can imagine what I can do and I try to plot it even if I don't know it, if I do know it if I make a mistake, I know what to do better next time but I always have my mind made on what I want and I go get it I don't think about it, I don't come to play if I say okay this is what I'm gonna do then this is what I'm gonna do I put my actions to work I put action towards it, that's how I come true you feel me, but everything when I say prayer is real and what I imagine in my mind, I know it's real that's my testimony to show somebody whatever it's all about the thought process and your words what you speak out, you know what I'm saying spell, spelling put a spell on yourself saying negative things speak positively so I gotta get that money so let me ask you this just when we went to Houston I know you went to Big Pup Studios Big Pup is one of my dogs I love, love, love Big Pup how was that studio and the sound let me tell you something if y'all ain't never made Big Pup let me tell you something, the gentlest gangster I have ever met is he single? he ain't, but I don't give a damn if you do he ain't married let me tell y'all something, I'm single I'm outside the summer, I'm house of chairs you don't see me, you don't see me go on on love days, you know what I'm saying trying to find my love I gotta find my love too come follow me out, you know what I'm saying we trying to get money together but if you broke, don't even come to me just stay at home you know what I'm saying you got something going for you so what do you think about tears here when you think about it you're very vibrant her personality outshines everything man, we love her that's the gold part about it but the thing is, she works hard and she's independent she self-motivates she don't have to have nobody to hold her hand that's the type of person you don't run into many people like that she don't have a hand out, she don't mind going out there she a boss, she put her own money up she listens she does what it takes and many people out here like Terry Cherry and I wanted to commend you for that that was one of the reasons I wanted you to come back on Boss Talk I need y'all to go down like Gumbo because Nessa's song dropped out first and you don't want to miss Nessa's song because it is, I didn't got advantage I know like I became a singer through my little transition and you know what I'm saying I came out of rap at first but this is something that I'm going into this something that I'm getting used to and I know like this new album different, I ain't going to be able to man listen, I'm tell you just like this if you didn't believe in me if you tried to play on my top I'm going to say God bless you but I'm definitely, you going to see me do you understand what I'm saying understand, look it that camera go close to me if you going to see me if you tried to play me, you didn't want to if y'all didn't want to put me or mention me in y'all interviews but I'll be mention you in your interviews if you was playing on my damn phone try to play on my top you going to see me man listen I got to ask you like do you feel like when you look at where the the audience the day where music is the day that song wave that you created wave was something different I mean when I first heard you I heard wave actually I heard the other one first that the one we went to the video shoot Rubber Band man and then somebody showed me waves and and people every time I show them that song man they go crazy man what is your craziest thing that you just your feedback that you've gotten since you created that song I got a lot of feedback I just feel like because I switched over from Heated to Twined at the time it's just a new transition so I'm picking up a different audience from East Texas part you know what I'm saying but I'm telling you it's going to catch up to it it's going to catch up to it and that's going to take off everything like if I look at my stuff that I did oh you know what I'm saying like I'm going to check out my views and stuff like that I can see that they coming up but I do have a different mindset I definitely don't want to be shooting videos and paying folks 400 or what's up not no slimes for nobody but at the same time I know what I need to do to make me more money you know what I'm saying so I know for a fact if you're an artist out there and you don't know like you shouldn't videos paying them 3, 4, 500 to shoot your video and they still making money out of it uh-uh let them know to give you that file give me my file and put it on your own channel we just making people lots of money because we are so excited of trying to get these videos out of this content but we just really making other people lots more money than what we can make and that's taken from us we got to wake up you know what I'm saying we got to stop being dumb stop being ghetto stop being lazy we need to start researching and figuring the shit out for me because right now you getting plucked in the butt if you know what I'm saying you know what I'm saying no I like it because I think that's something me and Sprarpy wanted to live that was one of our last conversations about him trying to get his platform going for himself because it was it might start off to where your views might not look that promising but if you keep working if you keep being consistent I guarantee you guys not going to let you plant seeds and not be a harvest right so you just have to keep planting those seeds those videos that content and you got to keep letting people know that you're a boss and that's what you're doing and I just I like it man and I know when we went down to Houston how was it working with Renetta Spencer man we made a dope song hopefully you know they put it out soon you know what I'm saying but definitely that was dope I felt like if we was to grow with it you know what I'm saying I know Renetta be busy or whatever like that but I'm definitely you know she definitely busy her and Rick Ross got a new song girl go on and put that out go on and put it out she dope man I talked I talked to Renetta yesterday yeah we talk all the time but you just like I said you cut from a different cloth and I know you're very unique and your uniqueness is what's going to pave the way for you you know what I mean you know what I'm saying do you really do you really think that will you be doing some more upbeat tempo songs man I got a little bit of everything one thing about me is I like to always deepen that into something and I always like to find something that's different from what I did the first time you know what I'm saying so this new album it got I never can do anything without a story without a story I don't want to do a song if it don't have a purpose to it I just tell something you know what I'm saying something different so that's definitely what I'm on right now and then if you notice that everything that I've been doing getting greater like bigger and bigger you know what I'm saying ain't gonna mess with me it's going down man it's going down my gutter cave boys you know what gutter cave when I when you seen that I had the interview call me you love gutter cave I love gutter cave what you see in his video is doing real well on our channel and I don't really think that he have a lot of interviews out there that's what we do we bring people on here and we sit them down shout out to that boy old boy prince man one of the dopest dudes man I love the way that he rock out with boss talk 101 but he won C4S gutter cave is a part of C4S and he had hit us up and we interviewed uh gutter cave and man I mean it did better than all a lot of interviews gutter cave he tell me why a million come out there and help his friend fight cause I was watching and I was like uh uh and yeah he say we're having had a bush I see you talk trash about you uh uh we haven't been that happy baby and you know I like doing this too so you ride and die gutter cave yeah I ride and die gutter cave and she can taste he's from Michigan but he been in Texas a long time I don't cry I've been watching him for a long time I like him better and I can choose okay cause who gonna who gonna whoop me okay cause we gonna send Jonathan come beat your ass skin so who gonna whoop I'm just playing y'all I'm just watching you can tell you be watching that show a lot dude you know you know the uh new episode just dropped today I just feel like on the new episode that I've been watching they like why did Jonathan leave I know he was a little bigger for three but at the same time y'all want to say that when me alone was you know I'm saying beat up everybody else y'all want to say another day you know I'm saying girl you big fan and they okay and then y'all ain't finna play with gutter cause we gonna come back and jump you with him okay stop playing with him so let me before you back in man god dog you so but you dope though I mean your heart goes out to whatever you put it toward and you one of those people you got the right energy man so how do people get a hold to you if they trying to follow you on your instagram y'all hit me up on boss talk prime time you ain't gonna be able to I ain't going to no show I ain't gonna be able to make no song no feature you can't you can't get at me if y'all go to boss talk prime time man I come baby just that's what you got to do don't hit me up hit them up don't hit me up I'm on a different bracket I don't do that to $300 no we didn't did that already stop playing with me I didn't did my part already yesterday's prices is not today's price listen I didn't did my part already started acting like y'all don't see me I'm not doing nothing for free I'm not trying to be funny with nobody but I didn't did so much work I'm over it you know I'm saying well you know already you you were out of doubt with me so whatever they money got to be right money got to be and you know you you got you got kids to feed man what stop playing y'all see me with these celebrities quit playing with me you know what I'm saying you dope as hell man so I mean thank you for coming on boss talk 101 once again we love you man and your energy I always write like I said I just thinking like dang you know like I gotta tear a cherry back on here man because you without you man this thing this the heart don't be before this let me tell y'all the house chairs come now and y'all go like subscribe and follow all the pages go follow the house chair follow the house chair Facebook Instagram you know I'm saying Twitter all of it go follow go follow boss talk practice so y'all can watch it I'm telling Tessa canna we I got a whole new era for Tessa canna cuddling weeds and I got a whole new era for them for us to show what we got what type of talent we got like for real is some real talent in Texas canna like you know I'm saying it's just they had a picks and chooses you know I'm saying and people like certain people they do certain things you know I'm saying where how many times I'm gonna ask you this how many times you say how many how many people that you interviewed from Tessa canna and you asked them how many good artists and they had they picks and chooses two or three or five or who they felt like those the best you feel me how many people that you know did now they know that's Tyler not there but they don't want to say them names they got they picks and chooses but see one thing with me I'm gonna do what I want to do I'm gonna make my own name I don't need nobody else that's one thing I never piggyback off nobody I want to get that straight I never piggyback off nobody else but I would never let nobody play with me either I want to get that straight like I never let nobody do so many things we can do but it's so many haters man like it'd be so many haters it'd be the same people you working with they'd be haters you know I'm saying so I feel like when I'm trying to do I'll push through regardless like you know I'm saying cuz I don't come nobody said like I'm on a different platform where I can take it to another level you know I'm saying now that's where they got me messed up it you're feeling and they they sleep on me but I'm really whoa you know I'm saying so I think it says a lot when you go out and perform when you perform everybody's looking at you and they saying that you the best to do it and and and that says a lot in itself when people are calling you saying when you were being looked at and I'm hearing that you the dopest artists and all type of stuff like that you should be proud of yourself I am and and you can't listen to what other people saying they you know Jay Z said one time in a song he say I'm in the air yeah I don't hear niggas corny raps on me you know like he's saying I'm flying so high up right that I can't understand what's going on down there right so a lot of times if you just if you just focus on your level yeah and in your wavelength then then everything else got to get in line shoot I am so thank you so much man and you can't and like I said you know already how we how we doing it you already know a man so much more to come from Terry Terry is one of them ones man the House of Terry is something special you guys better start tapping in Terry Terry the music is coming y'all heard us announced gumbo so man hey man say man thank you so much yeah it's been another great segment a boss talk what a what what a boss is talk we got


Good morning everyone glad to be here I have to like George did say how disappointed I think we all are not to have Randy Boasano here today out of an abundance of caution he is not able to join us but he's not entirely without a presence here on the wall behind me on the founders of start-up Edmonton third third name down in the front in the top row is Randy Boasano he is he has been an extraordinary driving force here in Edmonton for success for a long time and we are incredibly lucky to have him as part of our team leading the way as Minister of Tourism and Associate Minister of Finance he's always there to advocate alongside George for the interests of Alberta but he's also been incredibly busy over the past number of months as Associate Minister of Finance delivering an amazing budget that's having a huge impact on Canadians from coast to coast to coast it's great to be here at start-up Edmonton a division of Innovate Edmonton that does amazing work to promote local innovation thanks for having us Catherine it is a real pleasure to be here and thank you for everything you do for Alberta entrepreneurs in last week's budget we laid out our plan to grow our economy and invest in innovation and economic growth across the country Canada is home to the third largest tech hub in North America and Alberta is home to over 3,000 tech companies these are innovative sectors that have the huge potential to create good high-paying jobs for the future with the right tools we can ensure Canada continues to be a global innovation leader as many of us know Canada has some of the best scientists thinkers entrepreneurs and innovators in the world but in order to bring those great ideas to market and help their businesses grow they need support for research development and mostly commercialization so we're going to help drive innovation and help them succeed and be competitive last week we announced our intention to launch a new one billion dollar Canada innovation and investment agency it'll work with many of the brilliant scientists researchers innovators and inventors across the country to bring commercial success to businesses across different sectors in the mining sector the tourism sector fisheries and the high-tech sector among everything else we know there are some of the smartest the most innovative minds in the world's brilliant academics brilliant researchers here in Canada but getting those ideas into concrete businesses that can hire workers and contribute to our economy is a challenge that we're stepping up to support this agency will also help Canada's innovative startups to scale up like those that innovate Edmonton businesses like 2s water who's the CEO and the sergeant is here today 2s water uses real-time data to monitor water quality from municipalities resource companies farmers food producers and more their technology keeps people safe protects our environment and is ready to scale up those are the kinds of businesses that need that extra support and loans or grants from an agency like this to really allow them to move forward and contribute not just to the Canadian economy but to our well-being in Canada these entreprise come Celsius yet Edmonton and a year old peyote on the enormous amount of potential to croissants on what continue to be there and continue to be there and continue to be there and continue to innovate. Our government also wants to help all the small companies to grow and to create jobs across the economy. Presently, the rate of imposition of small businesses in Canada is the weakest of the G7 but this rate is quickly flattening which can encourage certain companies to attend their potential so we're going to cut taxes so that more growing businesses can take advantage of Canada's already low small business tax rate see Canada has the lowest small business tax rate in the G7 and we want to put that tax rate to work in encouraging more businesses to grow that's why we're making sure that small businesses can benefit from that tax rate longer even as they grow and scale up which means that as they grow they can use this advantage to invest in themselves hire more people and grow even faster. We're also working to build more resilient supply chains so that you can get what you make to markets across Canada and around the world. Our entrepreneurs and innovators who work hard take risks and find solutions to today's problem. Our message is simple. Our government is there to support you. We'll keep working to make sure that every person in Canada with a good idea can turn that idea into a successful business, create jobs and compete and win in the changing global economy.


I wanted to tackle something uncontroversial in this video, so let's talk about religion. I don't think it's too relevantory to tell you how important religion has been, and continues to be, in our world. On an individual and societal level, religion informs decisions, lifestyles, government, war, conduct and more, and basically everything else. Even if you aren't religious, or have a low opinion of organized faith, its effects are undeniable. And yet, it often goes underdeveloped and overlooked in worldbuilding. Sure, it's common to see characters make references to ideas like the pit instead of hell, or divines instead of gods, but it's rare to get much detail beyond that. It's also rare to get characters that are religious unless they're some sort of zealot. Fantasy writers understate how much of a role religions of all sorts have had throughout history. Meanwhile, sci-fi and dystopian writers ignore religion almost entirely. Part of the problem is that when religion plays a role in the story, it usually confirms that one religion is correct. There will be a pantheon of a couple gods who maybe help out the heroes while one or two of them are evil and either support the villains, or are the villains. Even Lord of the Rings does this, sort of. The only people who don't worship the real gods are either dumb, atheist, straw men, or barbaric tribesmen who worship spirits because only barbarians don't follow the good guy religion, duh. While that's not inherently bad, it's not at all how things are in the real world, where things are much less certain and therefore more varied and interesting. So this video will be made with the idea that full confirmation of any religion won't be made in your setting, though a lot of this advice applies whether it's confirmed or not. I'll also try to avoid going into the depths of theology since I'm not qualified to speak on that and once you fall down that hole, you never get out. Making something where it's just like the Catholic Church except they're all evil, so just like the Catholic Church, is boring. Let's find a way to make faith interesting. Part 1. Government. Governments are a complicated thing to say the absolute least. I've done a whole video on them and it doesn't even scratch the surface. In modern liberal democracies, there's usually one or two political parties that make religious doctrine a staple of their platform. They're usually on the right wing, though occasionally you'll find a center or left wing religious political party. If they get into power, then they can enforce religious doctrines, such as mandating prayer, outlawing certain clothing, and restricting the rights of other religious groups. This tends to breed resentment, obviously, and can be a source of conflict in futuristic settings. Even if religious extremists gaining power in government couldn't reasonably lead to outright genocide in the world that you've built, non-deadly persecution can be a great way to start civil unrest, wars, and political strife. Plus, something as extreme as genocide tends to be the end of a long series of escalating actions. It doesn't come out of nowhere. Then there's the whole separation of church and state argument that societies have all gone through to some degree or another. In the real world we have full-on theocratic regimes in Iran and Saudi Arabia, then there are a bunch more governments that are, at least on paper, secular, but religious interests hold a lot of influence over them. Italy is officially secular, but when 75% of your population is Catholic, the Pope has a lot of control over your affairs, that's just how society works. We all have complex, overlapping responsibilities and pressures coming from the various social groups we belong to, career, family, nation, religion, ideology, and more all influence how we act. Sometimes they convince us, sometimes they strongarm us. This second type is great for those who promote religious doctrine and law because it gives plausible deniability. They can couch their actions behind layers of religious freedom and social order and the will of the people. And remember that while for some religion is just an excuse to gain power, others take it 100% seriously and genuinely believe that they're making the world better. Then there's a lot of people in the middle who sort of believe it in order to convince themselves that they're on the right side while still amassing power. But what about in non-democratic societies like most fantasy settings have? Then religion usually should play a much bigger role. Religious organizations like churches and temples wield money and influence over the populace, meaning that they can serve as either rivals or power bases for rulers. There's a big misconception that the Catholic Church was the real power in medieval Europe, that the nobility were just fancily dressed puppets, and the fact of the matter is that they were constantly working both with and against one another. The Pope had command over religious matters, but he didn't have much military power. There are several instances of popes being removed by emperors or kings that didn't like them.  It was a constant push and pull, not a simple case of the church ran everything. Moreover, most of the clergy came from noble families in the first place, so it was really more like one group of nobles who had their own infighting working against another group of nobles who had their own infighting. Isn't politics fun? Not only that, religion has often been something that those in power used to justify their hold on it. Most of the time it's some variation on, I was chosen by God, therefore do what I say. In societies that are democratic or semi-democratic, they'll tell people, vote for me because I'll do what God wants us to, unlike those other guys. You might vote for the, I don't know, God's people rock party, but you won't genuinely think that they're divine. Egyptian pharaohs were believed to literally be gods serving as the link between humanity and those who ruled us. The pharaoh was responsible for maintaining mat, or order, and if he was gone things would fall apart. At least, that's what the priests told everyone. And the average person thought, why shouldn't we believe him? Ever since he's been in charge the reigns have come on time, our crops have grown, and there have been no plagues. And gods are treating us well. The peasants will spend a lot less time wondering why they work out in the fields all day to provide for the lavish lifestyle of their rulers if they think that disobeying their rulers will cause earthquakes and shit.  This has been pretty negative so far, but that isn't the case 100% of the time. If religious doctrine requires things like charity, protection for those less fortunate, respect for minority faiths, or other pleasant things, then having it influence government would be great. A pity that's not more common, IRL. Part 2. War. Religion can be a cause of, or contributor to, war. That much is pretty obvious, I think. When groups of people disagree on how to live, they don't always get along and that can lead to conflict. I'm not exactly breaking new ground with this. And even if they fight for other reasons, religious differences can throw gasoline on to the fire. The biggest religious war in European history is the Thirty Years War, which took place in what is now Germany. The schism in the Catholic Church had opened 100 years earlier and there were, by now, large numbers of Protestants spread throughout, particularly in the northern Holy Roman Empire. When the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, tried to enforce Catholicism across his whole empire, a bunch of the regional Protestant leaders were less than enthused about this and the conflict spiraled out of control from there. While it certainly started as a conflict between Protestants and Catholics, it turned into standard geopolitical fare. The staunchly Catholic France sided with the Protestants to attack their enemies, among other political shenanigans that I simply don't have the time to get into. In many ways, it was a standard war for resources and political power that religion simply kicked off. Over 8 million people died in the conflict, not just from fighting, but from the resulting famine and disease. Beyond religion contributing to conflict, it affects conduct during war as well. The Thirty Years War was so nasty, partially because previously held rules about accepting surrender and attacking non-combatants were broken. Blooting was endemic, destroying farms and lowering the food supply. Then famines and disease would break out as a result. And when someone is attacked in such a way, they tend to retaliate with equal force, perpetuating the cycle. All it takes is one guy breaking the rules for them to all go out the window. So when building a setting, think of what kinds of political and social taboos there are that people could respect or break. Are temples slash churches off limits for attack? Then they'd be great spots for discussing treaties and ceasefires, or staging an ambush when your enemy's guard is down. Are certain types of magic, such as necromancy illegal? Then armies probably won't have any sort of defense against undead. Which makes them easy targets for anyone with an undead army. Should have gotten a cleric with higher wisdom, bro. And if someone breaks these taboos, what happens when they're captured? Excommunication? Execution? A stern talking to? All of this can and should play a role in world building and plot. If you want to include religious conflict in your setting, just remember that it's very rarely JUST about religion. Part 3. Education. During the European Dark Ages, most knowledge was kept by the church. Well, sort of. In the early years after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, and before the collapse really, repositories of knowledge fell apart. Fewer people were being educated. Most of them were too focused on survival to worry about preserving the works of old philosophers. Most old works and education were preserved in Greece, and later the Middle East. The Catholics took a few hundred years to get their act together.  Like I said earlier, the clergy were mostly nobility, specifically younger children of noblemen that wouldn't inherit anything and so got a job with the church. They would have received a basic education before joining the clergy, learning how to read along with some basic theology and history. The more advanced stuff usually came afterwards during their training to be bishops or whatever. They didn't just learn about the Bible, they learned about the history surrounding it, the works of philosophers that commented on religion and logic, and the nature of the universe, how to speak Latin, rhetoric, even astronomy. And since priests were often administrators, they learned how to do that too. Granted, most of this knowledge and education was predicated on the idea that they already knew everything and that questioning established doctrine was heresy, but it was something. And with no one teaching it, a lot would have been lost. Not to mention how technology would have stagnated. Latin was the language of the church, which made it the lingua franca of all Europe and facilitated communication, at least among the ruling class. And when everyone followed the same religion, it fostered a sense of trust. All parties had the same set of rules to follow in trade or political dealings. Outside of Europe, religious institutions also functioned as places of learning since in most cases they were more stable than the government. I know that's a generalization, but work with me here. If there's no mass education, then what education there is will likely be handled by religious institutions. Not a large, united church necessarily, but temples, shrines, and other places where you worship. The English language is strangely limited in this regard. And if education is controlled by religious interests, then the knowledge educated people have will be filtered through that lens. Things that go against doctrine will be frowned upon, ignored, or derided. If there IS some sort of education that isn't religious in nature, it'll probably be government run, which runs into the same problem. In other words, education can be, and often is, propaganda. So if you're making a fantasy setting, then think about what form it takes and how widespread it is. Whatever the case, it probably won't be widespread and the lower classes won't have much access. And if the education system won't teach certain things, I'll use necromancy as an example again, then that'll be less commonly known. If you're making some sort of sci-fi setting, then education will probably not pay a major role in it. The average person has some basic level of education, just like today. Great. In dystopias, which are usually sci-fi but work with me, education should be key to indoctrination, and religion can be a part of that. Imagine kids being told that their country was ordained by the gods every day, don't get any more ideas, Modi. They'd probably believe it.  They make a great scapegoat. Part 4. Society. It's no secret that the ultra-religious often frown on things like homosexuality, but they've had a lot of punching bags over the years. People of other religions, other sects of the same religion, women, atheists, apostates, the list goes on. I've gone on long enough about how religion can lead to oppression, so I won't get into that anymore here. Just spend some time thinking about how day-to-day life is affected for those that deviate from religious doctrine. Do they have to keep their deviance a secret for fear of being murdered in the street? Or are they just treated slightly worse than everyone else? This can be an important question for world-building, story, character, and whatever else you might need to focus on. If you're GMing in RPG, then you can use this as an excuse to throw all sorts of obstacles at your players.  Conversion is an interesting phenomenon too. Despite what many people think, most conversions in history have been peaceful, not forceful. The forceful examples are more famous, is all. When your whole society worships a certain God, and you have difficulty getting employment from people who worship that God, and your leaders all worship that God, and you have to pay a tax that others don't, then converting just makes sense. After all, if your old God was so great, wouldn't everyone be worshiping him instead? Daily life is usually affected too. If you have to pray 7 times a day, then you'll have less time for other things. If you aren't allowed to eat meat, then you need to get your food somewhere else. If your religion forbids charging interests on loans, then either you'll have to live without them, or members of some other religion will have to give out all the loans. Don't worry, I'm sure that won't breed resentment. For that matter, how do people pray? Do they just look into the sky and talk? Face a specific direction? Write something on a piece of paper and burn it?  You can go real weird with this. You don't have to, simply putting any sort of ritual at all adds layers of depth. Unusual doesn't always mean better, but it does help it stand out. And this is the best way to show what religion is like without exposition dumps. Show people simply going through the various rituals and ceremonies involved with the practice of their faith. Prayers, bathing, weddings, criminal trials, simply showing all these inactions will go much further to giving your setting an identity than a million encyclopedia entries. One small point I'd like to make, and I have to keep it small because it's a gigantic topic that I have neither the time nor expertise to talk about in a proper way, is how religious ideals can permeate throughout an entire culture. The culture you grow up in affects your mindset in ways you're probably unaware of. And I know all of you are currently thinking, yeah, that happens with other people, just not me. Which is completely wrong, so stop thinking that. When religions encourage or discourage certain behaviors and thoughts, that permeates throughout the overall culture over generations. For example, Buddhism generally teaches people to get rid of all desires, meaning that if they follow it, they probably won't care much about advancing their own station in life. And over generations, this mindset would become so normal that even non-Buddhists would keep elements of it. Not to say that this is inherently good or bad, or that every member of these cultures act and think like this, just that on a societal level, things often work this way. Now, this is a chicken and egg question here that I, to reiterate, am nowhere near qualified to answer properly. Maybe Buddhism creates societies of people content with their station, maybe they become Buddhists because they're already content. The point is that this mindset affects how individuals, even secular individuals, act and see the world. Conclusion. Religion is a pretty controversial topic, though however you feel about it, its effects on the world are undeniable. For good and ill, religious people and ideals shape the world around them. Religion is an eclectic aspect of world building across all genres, which is a shame both because it's an interesting subject on its own, and because it can make things interesting thematically. And frankly, it's an easy way to add depth to a setting without needing to spend time expositing about the history of kings such and such as war against the Blarconeps. Like all world building, it's easy to overthink this and think that you need a massive pantheon of gods with their own backstories and domains before things will be interesting when all you really need to do is show the effects of their worship on the world. Anyway, thanks for watching and all cops are bastards. Special thanks to all of my patrons whose names you see here, including my $10 up guys, Appo Savilainen, Andrew Dixon, Ashley Watson, Ava Tumor, B Quinn, Brother Santotis, Christopher Quinton, Emily Miller, Joel, Johnny St. Clair, Madison Lewis Bennett, Ronnie, Taylor Briggs, Tobacco Crow, Tom Beanie, Tofer Wheeler, and Ve Victis. Man, that list is getting long. And thank you for watching. I'll see you next time. Bye.


So it's December, the last month of 2017, and usually we make plans for the next year, which is 2018. Yes. And so I thought I would give myself two minutes to talk to you about my plans. OK. What are your plans? So my plan is the template proposal from Apple. Oh, Apple template proposal. The Apple template proposal. So what have they proposed? So we've already got templates, things like moustache and handlebars, that sort of thing. Yeah, also like templating engines. In this case, we're talking about the template tag in HTML. That's already shipped. That is shipped, and it's there to where you can clone and instantiate partial dormitories really, really efficiently. But otherwise, I've never really used it. I just use it as a parser hack. Exactly. And that's kind of what they want to augment. They want to add the capabilities of adding bindings, like we know from moustache. In this particular position in the template, I would like to use this value from a variable. So we already have a template language on the web, because we've got JavaScript's template language. So what's the difference? The difference is that in this case, this would be baked very efficiently into the browser. It would basically do things like we talked about HyperHTML and LitHTML, do these kind of things. Remember which bits are actually mutatable. And then you can just update the instance by giving in a new state object, which like rip out the value that it needs, put them in the right positions, and you have an updated DOM fragment. Oh, so it is very much like HyperHTML, LitHTML on the web. It seems to be very similar from, I don't know how the implementation would look like under the hood, but from the developer's perspective, it is very similar. But in this case, you could just write it in your HTML markup rather than to wire up a imported library and to use the HTML tag string template. Literally. Literally. So are other browsers interested in this? As far as I know, the reactions were fairly good to it. It was discussed at TPAC and the proposals out on GitHub and everything looked fairly promising. There's like some things that have to be figured out, but other than that, it seems like browsers are very much interested. Sounds like a nice high-level thing to augment like web components and stuff. For example, yeah, Shadow DOM, all these little things can make good use of templates and I think it's going to be interesting in 2018. Good timing.  What? Good question. These are methods that are going to go on arrays.


Can you hear, can you get back here, okay, right, hi everyone, hello, welcome, I am Norvin, my top is on basically building your own CSS pre-processor with rework or post-CSS, for information rework and post-CSS JavaScript libraries, so it's relevant, right, so this top has an interactive component, so if you would like to follow along, if you have a laptop, that's a good idea, I've posted the link to these slides on meetup.com, so this brings you to this page, right, it's not slides, it's just a knock-knock, but it works as well, okay, so some coolings keep open, there's this page, there's rework on GitHub, post-CSS on GitHub, and there's the interactive demo component, right, so these, these, these, okay, so yeah, right, and as necessary, like, just Google for rework CSS or post-CSS, because I won't, I will touch on the basics of both of these, but I won't go into full detail, because like, you can, there's lots of articles on rework and post-CSS, and you can just Google as and when, if you're really interested, okay, so who this top is good for, this top is really going to be the most useful to you if you are basically a front-end developer, and you can deal with HTML and CSS and JavaScript, like, your whole working life, well, your whole, all your working hours, not your whole life, but your working hours, right, and you know, maybe you know about SaaS, CSS, less stylus, different ways of letting you write, like, eventually write CSS, but doing so in a more human, sane way, like, not just doing vanilla CSS, because there's a bit of redundancy, and a bit of like, bad stuff you always have to keep on, like, watching yourself for, so you use SaaS, CSS, less stylus, but you think that that's all there is, so today I'm basically telling you that there's other ways, like, you can basically kind of build your own, right, so if you don't know rework or post-CSS, great, you'll learn a lot, it also helps that you think in JavaScript for your, like, if you think about how to solve a programming problem, you think in JavaScript, because the libraries are in JavaScript, I'm sure there's libraries in other languages to do it, but this is a JavaScript talk, so yeah. Okay, right, so the main point of this talk is just to tell you that other options exist, besides SaaS, CSS, stylus, less, you can roll your own, whether or not you should do it, I'm not going to debate that, because some of you will think, like, oh, this is a good idea, some of you are going to think, like, this is terrible idea, why would I not want to just use CSS, like, they've done everything for me already, some of you, maybe a bit more hipster, you want to build your own, then great, this is the talk for you. Okay, so this is the main point, the take-home point, these are just, like, the spotting point, right, so what's rework, what's post-CSS, they are basically plug-in frameworks, so this is rework, plug-in framework for CSS preprocessing in Node.js, this is post-CSS, transforming CSS with JS plugins, right, so rework came first, written by TJ Holloway Sharp, it is currently smaller and simpler to get into, like, could be a good starting stone, post-CSS is bigger, so choose depending on which you prefer, so, right, this is rework, and, like, their methods are just new constructor, a used method, and two-string, really simple, these are some of crap, sorry, hello, hello, hello, okay, right, these are some of the plugins that you would plug into rework, right, so this is just their list, this is post-CSS, slightly more complex, more methods, more documentation to read, maybe a good or bad thing, so just scroll through, this is what it is, you can use these, you can do this, you can do this, these are the plugins, like, a lot more than rework, you may or may not find a plugin for you, or you could write your own, right, so how do they work, this is how it works, but it may be useful to actually, like, let's go from the back, right, what we really want is we want CSS that the browser can pass, right, but we don't necessarily want to write the browser version of CSS ourselves when I write something before that, so in order to get the CSS for browsers, before that, it takes the form of a JavaScript AST abstract syntax tree, basically, like, just an object in JavaScript, a really huge object, which describes your CSS in a way JavaScript understands, and so to get from there, it came from source code, whatever source code you want, I mean, I've cancelled out CSS here because they call it a post processor because by right, you're supposed to put in CSS as input, and then from there, they will pass it, and then they will compile the final CSS, but it doesn't actually strictly have to be CSS at start, it could be whatever language you want, you could write it in natural language if you wanted, like, make box blue, box full width, I don't know, like, you could invent your own thing, so whatever source code you wish. So, yeah, this is what one plugin does, like, one plugin will just basically understand your source code, pass it, do its own transformations, and spit off CSS, and if you just plug in many plugins together from a chain, you basically get your own processor. At this point, we might want to talk about post processor and pre-processor, these are what they kind of call themselves, I frankly do not like this, I mean, I think it's misleading because they are almost implying that you only process at the end for some reason, but you can, it's really up to you whenever you want to process, so I would just prefer to call it a processor, you just write your own processor, the pre or post is just a matter of timing. Right, so, for the plugin chain, plugins can be for things like, for example, syntax that you prefer, or could be things like constructs like loops, conditionals, whatever, you can do automatic fallback placing, polyfills, not really polyfills, sorry, vendor producing, for example, right, you can do optimizations if it's needed, and some plugins are basically just packs of other plugins, like, they basically collect a bunch of useful plugins and you just plug it in and you're done, right, and whatever else, you can do whatever else as long as it's possible in JavaScript. Okay, so it is possible for build frameworks like Grand, Gal, blah blah blah, you can do in vanilla JS, or you can also use as a command line tool. Okay, so that is basically the theory, so now let's actually try and use it. So this is a demo of Post-CSS, so in this case, I'm using Post-CSS and not rework, because simply because I have more experience in rework, by more experience, I mean two weeks more, and like rework is zero, and post is two. Sorry, okay, I'll take you through it, is it too small? Okay, don't worry, I am prepared, so, okay, so what you see here on the screen, or on your laptop, this is just the description, what it is, short intro, now this is where you kind of write your processor, pre-processor, post-processor, whatever you call it. In this case, it takes the form of a node module, but like I've said, you can do it without ground, blah blah blah, right? For example, you're doing post-css, it goes require post-css, this is our zooming hack, this is your processor, you instantiate post-css, and you add whatever plugins you want, right? And finally, this output is the synchronous form, there's an async form available as well, up to you, check the documentation, and over here is basically from left to right, you basically get your source css going into your final compound css, now in this case, we've done one processor with no plugins, so what you see here is basically source css, they pass it into the AST, and then they output, and it's exactly the same, right? Like so, you get exact matches, almost like identity function, the AST is kind of concealed, there is this source thing, it's naturally folded, if you want to unfold it and see everything, then you use this fully expanded essential for me, right? Okay, so that's what this demo is, so let's start by putting in the first target, so if you realize, like you realize this is actually wrong css, you may or may not spot it, but color is wrongly spelled, no correction, color is correctly spelled, but css color is wrongly spelled, right? So let's fix it, we are going to use a plugin called spiffing, so this is it, it is basically post css plugin to use British English, right? So yeah, like this is what they let you do, color goes to color, media, media, capitalize, capitalize, even let you do like please for important, right? So yeah, pretty useful, I would say this is like essential for production, so you use it, and here you go, so source css becomes proper css, right? So what you are seeing here is like this is before the plugin, well this AST is before the plugin, and this AST is after the plugin, and you realize that over here color changes into color, gray to gray, if you do like please, so over here like it's a bad value, gray please, it turns into gray and they understand that it's important, right? So that's the hollow world of plugins kind of, okay so let's try another one, so this is one of post css like most signature plugins, auto prefixes, it basically lets you automatically put vendor prefixes, they will kind of, well depending on how you configure it, either they will actually check, can I use the website and use like that database or sometimes they use a local database, right? So the really magic example is just this, am I using it? Okay so this is taken straight from the adults, right? So this is a property that needs vendor prefixing, they take it from this and turn it into this, right? So the idea is that you're just supposed to use this plugin and forget ever about vendor prefixing ever again, so now you don't have to worry about prefixes, right? So that's cool, another example, so you may be thinking like if you've been using sass less, they have variables, you store a value in some property like maybe your brand's color, your startup's brand's color or something, so variables are good, so let's use them, this is a simple variable version, this is kind of the sass style of variables, if you want the future spec style of variables, you can get that too, but I'm showing you the sass style, so right, let's say color is, you know, normally you would do something like this, like some really weird color of yours and like somewhere else you would do 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, so basically duplicate everything, right? Did I do something wrong? Oh yeah, okay, sorry, so you would normally want to abstract this out and you would do as you would expect, you would use a variable, okay, so source, compile, output, your variables are done, good, great, so basically this is like, this is one out of the, I don't know, how many features does sass have, like 10 to 20 or 30, I'm not sure, but so theoretically if you put that 10 to 20 to 30 plugins in your plugin chain, you would kind of get your own sass, except that if you didn't like one particular feature of sass, you could take it out, for example, and then you add in five features of your own, so final example is nesting, you probably already know what this does, basically the fact that you can do something like this, right, so you can't do this in CSS, but now you can, again same as sass, but now it's your own, you can call it your own, right, does it work? Yeah, it does, it does, it does work, okay, so now you know how to kind of apply other people's plugins, that's great, you've learned something, let's try what if you want to write your own plugin, because this talk is all about like, what if I want to build my own esoteric hipster, really weird eccentric feature, right, so there are a few ways to define your own plugin, I'm just using the kind of the simplest way in which we will do .use, and the syntax for this is that you can pass in a proper constructed plugin object, or you can just pass in a simple function for convenience of sake, right, so the syntax for post-css is that they give you a root argument, and a result argument, and you just basically transform this root object, and it's good to go, right, so let's say if I wanted to, let's say I want to replicate the spiffing thing, where color becomes color, so let's try and write that from scratch, right, so let's just set up some, yeah this is it, okay we'll all just leave it here, okay, so in order for us to kind of write our own plugin, we kind of need to know what root is, because we have to modify root, root is basically this AST, right, so the structure of an AST is there, right, like this is, this whole thing is root, right, so we kind of need to modify, like we realize that root kind of has nodes, this is the root node, it has nodes, and in nodes this is a node, this is a node with nodes, so basically root is a node which has nodes which have nodes which have nodes, right, some nodes have things like the type is declaration, the property is color, and the value is this, so in our case if you want to modify, if you want to change color to color, what we should be doing is going through all nodes, sorry, all nodes, and just basically looking for nodes with property of color and then changing it to color, okay, right, so let's try it out, so we will kind of need to do a bit of, because if work, because root can have nodes, can have nodes, can have nodes, can have nodes, so let's make a function, call it whatever, takes in a node, so if your node has nodes, then run, sorry, then for each sub node, we need to run whatever one knows, right, so this will work because first argument it would work, right, so now that's a sub node setup, so for this node itself, like if node dot, what is it, what is it, what is it, prop, yeah, sorry, I think it's if node type is a declaration, right, this thing, because some nodes, a declaration, some nodes are not, so only for declarations, right, now we do the prop test, no, right, so if prop has this word color, in this case we just do a simple replace, we just do node dot prop equals node dot prop, like the only reason I can do this is because I rehearsed us now, so if not I would have, I would spend like five minutes looking up the internet, like what's the string replace method, blah blah blah, okay, so pretty cool, you've made a recursive plugin, so now we just run it, no need for return, you just modify root and it's done, right, so let's see where it works, does it work, it seems to work, okay, so source, color, just for extra care, color, color, color, and cool, it works, so we have built a plugin that basically turns color into color, so really, congrats, so now if you follow along you can basically put an resume, like I have post CSS experience, right, so yeah, like just to sum up everything, yeah, so just kind of go through pros and cons very quickly, right, pros and cons of doing something like this, pro number one, get to build your own workflow, con number one, have to build your own workflow, which is why I said like I'm not going to convince you whether this is a good idea or not, it may not be, especially it might not be a good idea if you are doing it in like, if it's your day job, then you kind of want to write CSS code that everybody can understand rather than just you, or it's not hell for new developers, but if you're a side project and like you kind of just hate CSS in general, despite it being your source of money, then you can write your own CSS dialect if you wish, if you have time, right, so yeah, this is especially useful if you kind of find the idea of like separating, like if you find the idea of HTML and CSS and JavaScript being totally separated, kind of weird, then this might be for you because this kind of brings CSS more to JavaScript, but if you find what I've said, what I've just said, kind of like weird, then like forget it, like don't bother, right, so drawbacks of this is yeah, number one, what about other developers mentioned already, number two, now this means that your own source code, like your syntax is hard, I think, how is your editor going to handle it? Are you going to write your own syntax highlighting functionality for your text editor, like it's just going down one big rabbit hole, right? You could show us how to do that next time. It's about as easy as, that's how syntax highlighters work, they're hard to show it into an ASD and then you just mark things with a different color. Okay, so that's it, hope you had fun. Questions, please? Thanks. Questions?


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to a new Zor education. I would like to continue talking about theory of probabilities in a little bit more formal way. This lecture is part of the whole course of advanced mathematics for teenagers, primarily high school students, which is presented on Unizor.com. And I do suggest you to first read the notes to this lecture, because every lecture actually has notes. Before you listen to this particular lecture, it will help you to get into this formality or a little bit more formal approach to theory of probabilities a little better. So anyway, I spent some time during the previous lectures explaining what actually probability is about. We have introduced a few concepts like random experiment, event, elementary event, probability. But we didn't really approach it from more rigorous standpoint. Well, the rigorous approach to theory of probabilities was initiated by mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov, who actually built the foundation as solid mathematical foundation based on a set theory, theory of measure, and certain theorems related to measuring of infinite sets. We will concentrate only on final sets and final results of any random experiment. So if we are talking about random experiments of let's say rolling a dice, we are talking about finite number of outcomes. So in this course, I'm talking only about certain finite number of elementary events or events in general, or random experiments with certain number of outcomes. Everything will be finite. It's much easier. However, the concepts are exactly the same as in real foundation of the theory of probabilities based on infinite sets. Alright, so our purpose right now is to translate the probabilistic language which we were using before into more mathematical language related to set theory and measure theory etc. Alright, so this lecture is dedicated only to random experiments with symmetrical outcomes. So all outcomes and there are only finite number, let's say n different outcomes from random experiments. And these elementary events, as we call them, all they have equal chances to occur. So in this particular case, since they all had equal chances to occur, it means that as the number of experiments tends to infinity, the frequency of occurrence of one particular outcome, elementary event out of n different, is supposed to tend to one nth. Because that's what actually means that all our elementary events, all our outcomes have equal chances to occur. Equal chances means as the number of experiments goes to infinity, and there are n different outcomes which are completely symmetrical, it means that the frequency of each one of them is tending to one over n. Now, frequency is obviously the number of cases when this particular elementary event occurs divided by the total number of experiments. Alright, what does it mean? It means actually that we can associate the number one over n with any particular event, an elementary event out of whatever the possible outcomes are, and we can call it the probability. So this is a general explanation of the probability. Now let's talk about how can we translate it into a little bit more mathematical language. Well, first of all, I should consider elementary events. Now, elementary events are those events which cannot be subdivided any further, and in this particular case we're talking about elementary events which are completely symmetrical. Examples, rolling the dice, so one particular number on the top, being one or two or three or four of our six, are elementary events. They're all symmetrical, they all have exactly the same chance to occur, and that's why we associate with each of these six different elementary events the probability of one six is rolling the dice, right? Now, flipping the coin, we have two results, tails or heads, and again they have equal chances, which means that we can associate one half as the probability of each elementary event. Now, from these elementary events we can build some other events like, for instance, what's the probability of having an even number on the top of the dice? Even means two or four or six, so it's basically a combination of certain elementary event, and that's what we call an event. So, any kind of event can be decomposed into a certain number of elementary events which are completely unrelated to each other. So, the event, even number on the top, is equivalent of two or four or six on the top, so it's basically a combination of these three different elementary events. What does it remind you? Well, I think it immediately reminds the set theory and the ability to combine certain subsets to get bigger subsets. So, if you consider a set of points, for instance, and the point can be actually our model of the elementary event, then if you would like to combine certain elementary events into a bigger event, it's like combining a certain number of elements of a set, points in this particular case, into a combination, into a bigger subsets. So, that's the key to whatever abstraction we are going to make. So, what we have actually talked about, we talked about all the probabilistic terms, and now I'm going to translate it into terms which are a little bit more mathematical, all right? So, here is what I'm proposing to do. Now, we have a random experiment and the results, the elementary, the smallest results, the outcomes of these random experiments, that's what we call elementary events. Now, I will consider a set of elements as a model of a random experiment with certain number of elementary events as outcomes. So, the set of elements is basically a set of elementary events which can occur as a result of random experiment. Okay. So, now we are talking about random experiments with finite number of elementary events. So, that's why we have to consider a set of, not just of elements, a set of finite number n elements, all right? So, the mathematical equivalent of the random experiments with n outcomes is my set of n elements. Okay. Now, we are talking that we can combine certain elementary elements into elementary events into an event, like from the different elementary events which are the outcomes of the rolling the dice, we can combine three of them, two, four, and six, and said, okay, this constitutes an event of having an even number on top, right? So, what I can talk about equivalency in the set theory is any subset is an event. So, my elements are elementary events and the subset which is a combination of elements, obviously. Any subset can be an event. Well, there are many different subsets. Actually, there was a very interesting problem of how many subsets does a set of n elements have. So, that actually was discussed before. But anyway, so, we have some kind of an equivalency, equivalency between random experiments with n outcomes with a set of n elements. Any event which is a combination of elementary events is basically a subset of this set. Now, let's talk about the probability. Well, we have actually assigned the probability of 1 over n for every elementary event in the random experiments of n different symmetrical outcomes. So, what I can say here is I can say that the measure of each element is 1 over n. So, what does it mean? I've just associated a measure. Now, what is some kind of an analogous consideration of this? Well, it's actually very simple. For instance, you have a field, let's say, and you divide it into squares. And each square has a certain area, right? Let's say it has one square meter, right? So, these are my elements, which basically are equivalent of elementary events. And any combination, let's say this one, three elements, it constitutes an event. And if the measure of one particular element is known, then the combination of these three elements can be calculated as a sum of them, right? So, in this case, it's three square meters. So, what I'm saying is that the measure of a subset, that the measure of a subset is a sum of measures of its elements. So, we are combining certain elements which constitute our subset and their total measure, which is a sum of measures of each element, is a measure of our event. So, this measure is a probability. So, the probability is equivalent to this measure, as we say. We can measure the angles, we can measure areas, we can measure lengths, we can measure lots of different things. So, we can measure elements. How can we measure elements? Well, I'll just assign the measure, which is the numerical value of one end to every element. And I can assign the measure of any subset as a sum of the measures of all elementary events. Now, this analog with area is very, very useful in the theory of probabilities. You can always just keep it in your mind that this is a picture of the probability. Probability is a measure. All right. So, we've got the measure of every element and that's the equivalent of the probability of the elementary event. You've got the probability of any subset, which is an equivalent of the probability of any event, which is the combination of elementary events. What else? Okay. What's the probability of having no events at all? Well, that means that... What does it mean that nothing happens? Well, it's an empty subset in our set theory. In our new terminology, if we want to know what's the probability of nothing happens, well, the probability is the sum of all the measures of the elements which constitute an empty subset. Well, how many elements are an empty subset? Zero. Right? So, out of n elements which are constituting our set, zero elements combined together constitute the empty set. And obviously, since the number is zero, the measure of the empty set is zero. So, the probability of occurring nothing is zero. Now, what's the probability of occurring something? We don't really care what occurs. So, some event occurs. So, either the dice falls on one or two or three or four or five or six. So, anything goes, basically. Well, what is this? That's the probability of an entire set. So, all the elements should be combined together. The measure of each one is one over n, and there are n elements. So, we have the probability of the entire full set of the entire... I think it's called full subset, actually, is equal to one. So, the probability of nothing happens is zero. Probability that something happens is one. So, these are two extremes. Everything else is in between zero and one. So, if my subset contains m elements in it, then the probability associated with this subset, its measure, is equal to m over n. All right. So, we know how to measure the probability of every event. We just add the probabilities of elements which constitute that particular subset. So, event is a subset. It contains elements. So, we add them up together. All right. That's covered. And what's also interesting is, let's go back to this example of having an even number on top of the dice, two, four or six. Well, what's very important in this case is to understand that you have the probability you have the probability of each event, right? So, the probability of two is one, six. Probability of four is one, six. Probability of six is one, six. And the probability of two or four or six equals two, three, six, which is one over two, one half. You see, the probability is not just a measure, it's additive measure. So, the measure is additive if you have two different subsets. So, this is your set. It has elements, okay? Now, this is one subset and this is another subset. Now, you have measure of this thing and you have measure of this thing. Now, let's consider a subset which contains this and this element. So, all elements. It's basically the result of a logical or, all right? So, the probability of a point being an element of this or element of that base basically is equal to some of these probabilities because the measure of the combined area is basically a sum of these two areas. As long as they don't intersect, obviously, because if they intersect, then you count twice something. But if they don't, if these two events are completely independent, then their measure is always a sum of measures and that's why their probability is measure of these two probabilities. So, that's kind of an explanation of what actually this equivalent equivalency to measure theory is about. So, what's important is to understand that to have this parallel between theory of probabilities and more mathematically expressed set theory and measure theory is to understand that we need to have certain elements of this analogy. We should have a set of elements. Each one of them is an elementary event. We have to have measure and we really have to have this measure as additive measure. It should be additive. And we can always say that the measure of the entire set should be equals to one and that gives us the baseline. So, everything else, the subset of this set would be smaller than one down to an empty subset which has a measure of zero. So, that's basically my explanation of how to provide more mathematical background to theory of probability. And that actually allows to use the purely mathematical apparatus to theory of probabilities. Before this foundation, this mathematical foundation was developed for theory of probabilities, we could not really calculate lots of different very, very sophisticated things in the theory of probabilities. It lacked that mathematical apparatus. Well, since the foundation was basically established, since we can say that the set theory and measure theory are basically the foundations, the theory of probabilities, we can have full scale of mathematics to deal with theory of probabilities and its problems. Now, let me repeat that in this course, I'm talking only about finite sets of elements as being equivalent to certain random experiments with finite number of occurrences. Now, in most of the cases, all these occurrences are equal chance. So, the probability of every element, which is one of the elements in that set, which is an analogy of the random experiment, would be equal to one over n, where n is the number of elements or number of outcomes from these random experiments. We will deal only with these finite distributions of probabilities. Well, that's basically it for what I wanted to say. Okay, so finally, the sample space, which is a random experiment with all the outcomes, basically, is equivalent to mathematical set. The elementary event is element of this set. Any event is a subset and probability is additive measure. Editive in the sense that if you have two subsets, which do not have any intersection, then the measure of two of them is equal to the sum of measures of each one. With a condition that the entire set has a measure of one, basically. So, the probability of anything happen is one, basically. That's what it is. All right, so that's it for today. This is the lecture about certain mathematical foundations in case our experiment produces n-symmetrical outcomes. I will spend some time to talk about asymmetry if certain elements are not exactly the same as others. But the analogy is very much working quite well in this case as well. That would be probably the next lecture. So, that's it for today. I do suggest you to read again the notes. You know, when you're reading something which is written, it's completely different kind of sensing the material than you're listening. So, it will complement each other. It's basically the same material just maybe presented in a written form. I also encourage you to sign to register basically on theunisor.com because it allows you to take exams, for instance, and basically to make the whole educational process a process rather than just occasional reference points for this particular lecture, that particular lecture. I do suggest you to take an entire course as basically self-study or homeschooling or whatever else. That's it. Thank you very much, and good luck.


Boom What's up money geeks mr. V here welcome to another video guys so in this video We are going to talk about ticket symbol CC IV Lucy model as a matter of fact CC IV is the ticket symbol of church here capital that is merging with Lucy to take them public So that's what I want us to talk about today There have been some development and I want to bring that to you guys But before we get started we talk about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and Build wealth. So that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button any notification belt So you don't miss out on your content.  I've told you guys about it I think the company has the potential to really compete with any other EV manufacturer out there notably Tesla again that is the elephant in the room so far Tesla has set a standard and every EV is looking to at least it does match that also past that So and I think Lucid has that potential But again, there's some some things that I've actually seen that I think is really pointing to that direction so most recently the CEO of Lucid was actually on CNBC and Had a great conversation with Jim Kramer And so two things that I got out of that the first one was that Lucid is the next Tesla to me I think this is a slap in the face for Lucid because I don't see Lucid competing with Tesla What I see Lucid is like Toyota in Lexus that's made from by the same company one brand is just average the other one is luxury So Lucid is positioning himself as the luxury brand of Tesla So that's why I when I hear Kramer saying the next Tesla to me that doesn't sit well again Then the other thing that came up and in the conversation was the fact that Kramer asked the CEO about Apple car as you can see here and he says I welcome the competition which to me that's both But as a CEO, I hope that he's not gonna go out and say oh no that's bad for us because You know investors are gonna panic and start selling if he said something like that To me, I did kind of like seeing that again Kramer is on board with Lucid motives and things that that's the direction I think he's so you know full of it because one of the time that he interviewed I think the CEO of Arriver he said the same thing that a rival was the baby Tesla and now he says You know Lucid is the next Tesla, so I'm not really sure where he stands without but I think he is really Getting on board now with Evie as compared to in the past where he wasn't even you know taking Tesla series I mean I'll give him a pass on that so those are some of the things and then if we go back here most recently It's also the CEO of Lucid actually took the Lucid out for a test drive without any Camouflage Usually when they test drive the cars a camouflage the car So it looks like something else but this time around he actually took it out the car itself Drove it and actually stopped and talked to people on the street So one thing that I just stood out to me is the fact that after the test drive He gave a review of the car give some positive things that he saw about the car most Especially was the suspension. He gave the team, you know some shout out of how good the suspension held when he drove And then also pointed out some flaws, which to me that's a sign of a good leadership You're not just pushing just the good But he's really telling the haters there's some flaws here that we need to fix and we're gonna update our software to try The address is before we start production in the fall So I really like seeing that so we if we look here more news Cramer says Lucid models could be the next Tesla which I do agree in some shape or form But also disagree. This is not the next Tesla. This is beyond Tesla This is a luxury brand that I see again, not as my personal take so you can disagree with me I won't have any issues with that. So It's on that note. I'm still bullish on Lucid I and I continue to buy the dip as I see it because when this thing when the market stabilizes and this thing starts to squeeze Boy Anticipate that this is gonna run to the moon and when they go through the process and complete the merger This stock is easy over a hundred dollar stock because I've seen other companies that don't even have what Lucid has right now As far as showing their prototype driving your prototype on the street and showing it like hey This is a working car and then building their factories and also getting ready for production The companies are getting valued as some ridiculous amount Just to see these guys in that position. I'm super excited So I'm gonna keep biting the deep just buying the deep as I see it So if we look at trashy capital right now, the stock is sitting somewhere at about $28 and and 72 cents They kind of saw yesterday made a move. I think they made a move up to a blessing of five day here So they got to about $32 and 95 cents again to me each of these pullbacks here is an opportunity For for us to jump into the stock and continue to load up and build a solid position So that that's my that's my my my game plan here Again, I'm bullish on this stock. I think this is as far as EVs in the United States Lucid is on top of it and they are gonna really really excel And they have also some sort of investors from Saudi Arabia And you know what that does that oil money you cannot mess with it And so this is again something that's gonna push the stock to higher grounds if you can see here again They're talking about their factory being completed They have all these studios that are opening across the country to showcase the vehicles and have people really sit in them And get a feel of the of the vehicle so The company is not doing a lot of spending a lot of money on marketing because I think what they want to do is Let the product do the marketing for them. And so when you start seeing Celebrities and all these people are driving this vehicle across town Wherever you leave you're gonna see more and more people excited and want to get on board with the company So that is my take again guys. I'm bullish on this. I'm adding more Hopefully I can get to at least 5,000 shares before the market starts to really go back up That would make my day. Let me know the comment section what you're thinking Do you did you invest in the stock? Are you buying more or what's your game plan again? Let me know in the comment section if you're new to the channel We took about how to end money how to save money how to invest and build wealth That's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and your notification bell So you don't miss out on new content guys And also if you're looking to get sort of investing Webo has the promotion where if you sign up and deposit a hundred dollars You get some free stocks links in the description below and as always guys do your due diligence Don't be a greedy savage and stay motivated