over how to use the email content designer and where to find the classic so basically once you log into your Dynamics Pro under the action center right here if you go down you'll see email templates once you get into email templates you'll have all of your all of your current email templates you can sort by folders if they're in folders over here if you need to put something in a folder you just go down to that particular email template click on the folder and then you can either put it in a folder or create a new folder all right so if you're wanting to build one from scratch you just go to this add email template area right here you click on it and then it says start by selecting a sample below so here's all of your samples that are in here and also some other ones so there's a mixture of you know the classic and then here's the newer content designer that we have in here for you so this one you could tell was the classic and then this is the new one so it's under video one and then video email template number one is the classic there's maybe labeled a little bit different but you can tell the difference on them so this is the advanced editor if you're wanting to build one from scratch let's just say that you see an email template that some company sends you and you want to build one from scratch you can do it right from there or you don't do the basic editor I like to call it the classic let me go ahead and show you the basic editor that's gonna look the most familiar it's the easiest one so if you click on basic editor the name right here is the name of the template so whenever you are in your template area this is the template name so this is only what you see and then there'll be an email subject line right here okay so let's go ahead and go back to add email template and I'm gonna go back over to the basic editor I just wanted to show you where that was so the name of the template I'll just call this test template and then the subject line is whenever this is what the prospect will see so it could be first time home buyer class this weekend so when they get this email in their inbox this will show up in their in their inbox all right so then what you want to do is you want to be able to insert the header that's in your that's in your email template area so again I'm going to actually just apply this just to save it but I'm gonna go back to show you what I'm talking about so the first thing let me show you how to actually insert the header in there and then I'll kind of go over that so you go to this merge fields right here and you click on it and then you go down to special fields and then you go down to header template and you insert the header template code okay so it always start with percentage percentage and I don't end in percentage percentage and it's the header that it's gonna automatically insert and then if you want to automatically insert their first name you just click on this merge field go to contact fields and insert their first name okay now the reason why you do this is because if you're gonna send a mass email out to let's just say a hundred of your past clients if you put this and then you send it out all in a one one click of an email like you send it out in a mass email then what happens is whatever whatever their first name is it's gonna automatically insert this in so you're gonna send it out the John Mary Joe so then it'll automatically insert insert John in there and then the email that goes to Mary will automatically insert Mary it's gonna automatically put the header in there with these merge codes okay so then the body of the email goes here and then you're gonna end with your footer which is your email signature so again you just go to merge fields go down to special fields and go to footer okay so we're gonna click on apply now apply just keeps you in here so you keep on editing alright so now I want to show you this header and this footer what I'm talking about so if I click save to get out okay then it takes when I click apply it keeps me in there so I keep on editing but it saves it if I click save it's gonna take me back out of there that saying hey I'm done with it okay so you see my most recent ones right here and then there's the test template or I could find it by alphabetical order so if I go down to test template here it is right here so so that's how you find it next remember how I said it had the percentage percentage header percentage percentage if you click on the header it's gonna automatically insert this image right here it says whenever we see percentage percentage header percentage percentage in your email templates will replace it with the content below now it doesn't matter if it's lower case or anything it's fine if it has a capital H it's it'll still it'll still insert it in there footer if I go to footer it says whenever we see percentage percentage footer in your email templates will replace it with the content below so that will go ahead and replace it with this information so again let's go back and instead of scrolling down I'm gonna go to this recent area right here and click on test template so basically what it said is whenever it sees that header merge field it's gonna insert the header and then whenever it sees the footer it's gonna do the footer so let's go ahead and take a look at what this email looks like if we were gonna send it out to someone so if I click on home and let me just go to Charles Adams and then I go to click this drop down up at the top so now I'm in the contact card of the person so I'm gonna click on actions I'm gonna click send email and then right here this is where you find all the email templates in that area that we were just in so if you click on this drop down and then what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna send this test template that I just made now watch what happens when it says percentage percentage header percentage and then the first name and then the footer area it won't have that percentage anymore so we'll click on test template and then it automatically inserted this remember whenever it says percentage percentage header percentage it's gonna automatically put this header in there remember the first name merge field it automatically put Charles in there and then in the footer merge field it automatically inserted my footer in there alright so let's go ahead and go back home excuse me let's go to email templates and now let's go ahead and create let's go ahead and use one of our our let's go ahead and use one of our sample ones okay so you can tell these ones are really wide you tell these are the classic okay now you'll see that these one has a little bit of padding right here so it's a little bit skinnier so you can tell that these are the newer ones and plus they're really really fancy so what I would do is you could use any of these but I would stick with the simple one at the very beginning they have a really cool open house in there where you could just change out photos and stuff like that so let's find there is a simple logo and text this is what I would recommend starting out with until you get used to the the new content designer so if I click a simple logo and text right here it's gonna open up this and it's gonna say name this new email template so I will call it test template number two alright and then you could actually put it into a folder so I'm just gonna put create and start editing I'm not gonna put it into a folder right now so I'm gonna click create and start editing so now it's gonna open up this brand new content designer so this is a little bit more fancier and you have way way more control of what you want to do but it's not as easy as that other one that other one's very very easy okay so right here you could insert a logo your company logo your header whatever you want to do so if I click on this you'll notice over here on the right-hand side it brought up some options so again watch over here and then this area is gonna come up so whatever area you click on it's gonna bring up a menu over here so I click on it and it brings up a menu and so now it's telling me I could adjust the width and you kind of just go in here and play around with it full width on mobile which means that on a mobile it'll just go full width so we'll go to the hundred percent width okay so you however however you're liking on here you can align it left or right or centered up I kind of like it to to the left a little bit but you do however you want then you could change the image because you of course don't want this logo image up here so if I click on change image then I could either upload import or search free photos so if I want to upload something from my computer if I click on upload and let's just say let me go to my Google Drive and let me go into logos and let's just say I want to put in system dynamics up at the top or maybe I'm designed Brian Bailey's here's his LinkedIn header that he has so if I click on it then you'll notice it says upload in progress and then all I gotta do is click on insert and now I'll put the header up there and you can put anything that you want there for the top okay all right so next next there's a divider right here so if I don't want this divider I just click on it and then I click this trash can but I liked a little divider right there if then I click on this area now this is a text module right here so this is where you put the body of the email so let's just say that you want to insert the merge tags on here so it's called merge tags on this one but you click on it and then you can insert the contacts first name last name just like we did on the last one so I'm gonna go ahead and insert the first name right here and then I'm gonna backspace and put a comma right there so it'll say if I send it to Nathan it'll say Nathan and then the body of the email and then down here you could have your social media so if let's just say that I go to Facebook and so I go to my Facebook business page right here and so what I could do is I go up here to the top and then I can copy my Facebook URL right here and then I can copy so I could right click copy the link so this is the link to go to my business Facebook page all right so if I want to go to Facebook I just all I do is if I want to work on a particular area you can tell that it's boxed out right here so this is the social media I click on it and then what I do is I go over here to the right because remember these options came up now almost as soon as I click on this area this options will come up and it says right here where when someone clicks on this Facebook icon where do you want it to redirect them to and I want to paste in my business page okay so up here is where you could save changes so if I click save changes then it's gonna save my header area this okay and then let's just say that I want to add my email signature and at the bottom if I all I'd have to do is I could go up here to rows because you'll notice that this is a row goes left to right this is a row goes left to right it's just really tall but it's a row and then this is a row and so if I want to add another row I just click on rows up here and then you could add one row with one column you can do one row with two columns and then this is just saying the first column is what is that like a sixth maybe that's yeah so like there's a third two thirds half half two thirds one third so you can select what you want to have so if you want to just put your footer down there I could just click and drag this down and then you got to wait till this little drag it here comes up and then once it shows up there you just release and then there it is right there all right oops my uh alright there we go so now it says no content here drag new from content panel so if I go up here to the content panel and click content I want to add text because I want to be able to put that percentage percentage footer percentage percentage in all I got to do is click and drag it to the area that I want it so I'm gonna drag it here into that blue line if you if you don't see that blue line you got to kind of move it around a little bit and then it'll show up there and then you release says I'm a new textbook ready for your content so if you click on it now you can delete that out of there so just hit the delete and then you put your merge tag in there and then you just say actually you know what it is is percentage percentage footer percentage percentage and now put your footer in there you click save change there you go and that's that's a little bit easier of a well that's a little bit more advanced than the basic if this seems a little too hard for you just stick with the basic so I'm gonna click on save okay so if like I said if that seems a little too complicated for you again stick with the basic editor all right if the next one kind of the intermediate would be just pick one of these and then you go in there and click on whatever area and then switch it out and then there's one you could do from scratch so if I go to advanced editor this one's a lot more so I'll go test template advanced again if you if you if this got a little complicated on that last one you go ahead and probably stop watching for right now and then if after you get the basic down and go to intermediate and then you go to this advanced editor now with this one it's just completely blank but it's super easy to add so what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna put an image right here so it says no content drag new from content panel so this is the content panel and all I'm gonna do is click and drag it until I find this drag it here I'm gonna click on now I'm gonna release and now it just says drop your file here you know your image so if I click on browse it's gonna look familiar you could either upload and put the put the header in there so I'm gonna click on insert so there's my header okay but now there's no rows behind it or down below here so now I let's just say that I want to let's go ahead and put one row in underneath of it so I'm gonna just do one row with one column remember this is two columns but so I'm gonna do one column and then I'm gonna click until it drag it there release and now I'm gonna put another text I'm gonna just put a text module right here so I'm gonna slide it over until it says drag here release and let's just say that check out this video of this beautiful right now if I want to I could highlight it and then right here I could center it up I could make I can make the sentence a lot I could do it like a 24 pixels make a little bit bigger I could change the font many things I could do on here all right so I'm gonna go ahead and click save changes just so I don't lose changes all right so next I want to let's just say I want to add a video I did a video tour of a home okay so I'm gonna go to YouTube Matt because I uploaded my video to my YouTube channel and we're gonna go to easy one two three and do a really good job with their video tours we're out here off of Howam and South Lakeland we have a full right so let's just say that you did a video of a home can see as he goes through the home he's kind of showing off the home and if I go to share and I click on share I could copy this YouTube URL right here all right so let's go ahead and I'm going to add another row which I don't know I didn't okay so I'm gonna go back to row and I'm gonna add a row one column oops notice how I clicked and I just released it but it didn't happen nothing happened it's cuz I gotta wait for that drag it here that line with the blue so I'm gonna drag it here it says no content here drag new from the content panel so if I go up to the content panel and I click on it I want to add a video so here's a video right here all right now I'm gonna release and now I could add a video URL so if I click on it says add a YouTube or Vimeo URL to automatically generate a preview of the image the image will link to the provided URL okay so all I have to do is put the video URL right here so if I go back to YouTube and I click on it and then I copy this URL right here and hit copy remember right here is underneath the video there's a share and that's where I get this link okay I could also go up to up here at the address bar and grab it there too either way all right so now I'm gonna I could either add the video URL here or because I clicked on this area it brought up this little area right here want to click add a video URL it opens this up over here and then all I gotta do is paste it in there and then you go through here you could actually add size and stuff like that if you want to okay so I'm gonna no padding so it almost creates like a border if you kind of tell but I'm just gonna do no order the plate icon icon icon type if you click on you do rounded outline you can do rectangle solid you do anything really so plate icon color I could do dark size I can make it bigger and then I'm gonna hit save changes and then if I go to rows I could add let's go ahead and do let's do these thirds real quick I'm just gonna just to do something different I'm gonna drip drag it here so I created a new row with three columns one two three so this is one column one column one column so row left to right column up and down so row one column row one column row one column row three columns okay so now I'm gonna click on content and now I could put a text module right here I could put a image module right here I could put a button right here so let's just go ahead and put just for demonstration purposes so I put a text module drag it here release I put the address here if I wanted to I put the address here maybe right here I want to put a picture of the front of the house so I might want to go to content and then I want to drag an image just drop your files here so I click browse and I click on import if I wanted to and it gives you a lot of different you go to Facebook Gmail Dropbox whatever you want to do you could also just click on upload and find something in your computer so let's just go to I'm sure I have a house picture here somewhere you go to Adobe here we go and let's just say that this is my house and upload the image and then on this one I am going to click on insert all right and then now that I have the image in there if I click on this it's gonna bring up different different options I could do so I can line left line right there's really no room for it just because it's so big of a picture and it put it in that block content I could change the image again I could even add effects on it if I want to write on the photo I could hit apply effects and more so if I want to I could draw on it I could add text so if I wanted add text and I want to put black text add text and then down here double click here so you just double click and add the address one two three anywhere street and for some reason it changed the color so I'm gonna highlight it click color and there's the black if I want to do that you could play around with it if you want and then click apply and then save and there's all kinds of things that you could do on there so we used to do this on Canva but now we have have this right inside the editor and then let's just say right here I want to add more content so I I click on this content up here and then let's just say I want to add a button so I'm gonna click and drag the button so then there's a little button so now to get this more options to come up I got to click on the button excuse me and now it says right here actions I could link this button to this URL so maybe I want to take it to maybe I want to do let's see here maybe I want to link it to the address or something or a landing page let's try whoops oh by the way there's a little down the bottom left-hand corner there's an undo right here so if you you're like I don't want to do that you click on undo and then it'll actually take things off and then if you're like oh no I wanted to have that button on there you could just hit this arrow to the redo error and it'll put it back so just keep on so that's in the bottom left-hand corner and then you actually have the revisions right here so you could actually quickly jump to you know something that you did on on the revision so alright so maybe you want to send that button to your mortgage person maybe there's an apply now button or something this could be something like we get this thing off of here now okay so to get that off there you just have to click it again alright so now I want to go back to my button and then right here you can change the color of the button so if you click on it the little box you could switch it to red drag us around make it a different colors the text color is the color of the button so it's or the text where it says button so if I want to make that purple then I make it purple I'll stick with white you can align it to the left to the right in the middle you can click inside the button and then just add apply for a mortgage by clicking here and then you can send it to maybe your mortgage brokers apply apply page and then for the last thing if I want to add a row I could again click on row and then come down to the bottom until it says drag here release and then now I want to follow or I want to end it with if I go to my text right here delete that off and hit percentage percentage footer percentage percentage now insert my footer hit save changes let's just say I don't like this white I want I want kind of like a darker color over here on the borders just that way it looks really good on mobile if I want to do that I'll go over here to the top right settings and then see where it says background color so if I click background color all I have to do is I click on this right here and I can put like a light gray on it the content area background which is this right here the columns so if I instead of transparent which is why it's showing the gray in the background if I want to just do white and it'll kind of give it a nice little give it a nice little separation so this is really good for mobile and that's it you could actually design any any email template that you want so if you see one from a company that you really really really like you could basically recreate that same exact that same exact photo one thing I did want to show you to is like right here in the image area I forgot to show this is if you go to change image you could actually search for free photos and we use search for free photos we use unsplash pexels and pixabay so these are we just put luxury home so any keyword that you want to press in there hit enter let's just do house and you could also do something like mortgage or loans so you could actually import this in there also so this is using it from like pexels or unsplash and their royalty free photos that you're allowed to use and then just click on insert like I did before and then there's that image to so that's it you say save changes after you save changes you put done editing content and then you could attach your files right there and then just click on save and then now if I go down to test template advanced editor there it is test template advanced editor and you could tell which ones are the classic because it doesn't have this little icon beside of it if you hover your mouse over this it says edit and content designer so you could very quickly just click on it and then go right to the editing from the content designer thanks for watching this video


Good morning everybody. Let us get started. I want to spend may be 15 minutes or so reviewing the various test questions you have written and after that we will get back to the rest of the plotting and the array related stuff we have left off. I said we will just discuss the first few, the questions, various questions asked in the test. We will start with the latest test. The first question asked for that you are given two lists, produce one list which contains the elements, elements in both the lists, removing any duplicates and arranged in ascending order. Now, many people have I think treated this as a fairly difficult question and taken too much time. I do not know why. I will show you how one should go about doing this is to work a little on the interpreter, get your bits and pieces working, then have an editor in which you type the code. At least for future reference please do not use the application we have given as the IDE or as your editor. That is a very poor use of your time and that app. I have one where my Python interpreter is running. I need to have two lists. So, let me another list. Now, I know the answer has to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7. So, now the important things when you try with some test data is to first have the answer ready. So, I know the answer has to be this. So, I am supposed to have a list which contains both the elements. So, produce a list which contains both the elements and that would be, how do I remove duplicates? We discussed this yesterday. A set will remove duplicates. But I want a list. So, convert it back to a list. It is sorted, but that is not a guarantee we have because we put it into this set and got back. So, to be just absolutely certain you do this. So, the answer asked for just this. You wrote a function with this one line of code in it. You would have got the answer and you would have got here if you had interactively experimented. Now, before we pronounce this as the final answer, we need to check some special cases. What happens if A is empty? Since the only place we should have trouble is A plus B, let us check. Let us say C equal to empty. Then what is A plus C? No errors and produces the right answer. So, if one of them is empty, we would not have a difficulty. What happens if both are empty? That is still the empty set. What about gives the null set or the empty set again? So, our solution would not fail in these special cases. So, we are through. So, we can say our solution works. This is the simplest way one should go about developing a piece of code. Start with one concrete example. Try out few lines of code interactively. Try to move where you want to move once you have got it settled. So, go back and say def combined A comma B return sorted of list of set A plus B. Let us look at the other problem. The other problem was given two strings of the form H H colon mm colon ss. This is this took a little more bookkeeping work. Again, we are told that the second one would be later. So, the answer required is the total elapsed time between the two time stamps in seconds. The advantage of typing in the interpreter and checking one line or says, you will know you can interactively do something like this. It is we are getting what we want. Now, we have to find the total time in seconds of the two and then subtract that is all. Now, this is wrong because s 1 m 1 are strings, but this is the advantage of doing it in the interface. Oh no, you got a huge string. So, turn around because of the previous s 1 it is still wrong. So, you have to do a split once again and then do this. We got what we wanted. So, we now look at what we have done and say you know what all I need is. We could have done this in i python also. I chose to do the direct python interpreter but i python would have been better. Why? Because you could have saved the history. So, let me go there and redo this problem and see how one uses the interpreter to once again making a mistake is not the end of the world because we have not done the split yet. S 2 is not defined, but still in the interpreter the code is available at the top arrow key. So, I got it look at the lines of code I did and you almost all the lines will be simpler to edit those away. We can start from 4 to 10. Percentage save, percentage have options by name. So, I do not remember I can check it up. Percentage save.py-10. We do not need this. We need to add a def line. We use T 1, T 2. We will have less retyping to do. All the lines go in. The lines we used to print are not required. This line was written prematurely. It gave an error. So, this is the code. Now you can see this here. We have once again little bit of experimentation on the editor rather than on the interpreter or i python or the regular python would have given you lot more time to solve the problem and whatever work you did in solving, interactively exploring what all to use you could have cut and paste and produced your final answer. Let us look at some of the earlier questions. Do you have any specific question you want to discuss first? Because I have my favorites. All right. Let us since no one seems to have any preference, I will move to my favorite problem which is the collate sequence. Now, good idea to remember is in any problem sometimes the condition given does not necessarily translate to the simplest condition in our head. Many people in my experience who encounter the collate sequence or the 4 to 1 sequence make a mistake of thinking the sequence ends when the number 1 is encountered. That is wrong. That is a wrong way of thinking about it. The sequence ends when number 4 is encountered because 1 if you say it ends when 1 is encountered, if somebody gives the input itself as 1 you will stop immediately which is not correct. 1 should give to 1 4 2 1. Similarly, 2 should give way to 2 1 4 2 1. So, the correct way to say is it ends at 4, but prints 2 1 1 after ending. If you are able to think about it like this, if you arrive at it and this arriving at it has nothing to do with python or any other language, it is simply the ability to formulate the problem then you will now the problem was for collage with a starting number. Now, we can define three cases. If it is the number is 4, we know what should we return? Yes or no? If n is 4, what do we return? No difficulties. Now, that you have taken care of the end condition, nano, but I do not know. Let me change the editor because people are finding it difficult I think to see the, I only lose a few lines. You have e max? I do not think you will get the font size in g edit. Now, we have an end condition for our collage. So, now we can say if n is odd what do you want to do? Any way n will appear. It is not a bad idea to write the condition here again even though we know that is what is going to be satisfied to improve the readability and to make it easy to understand. It is not a bad idea to rewrite the condition though strictly speaking it is not required. If the function drops to that outside the second if, it is neither 4 nor odd. We know that much. So, there is no need for that third if, but improving readability is never a bad idea. So, we can do this. Once again if you are able to think in small chunks and then reduce to a previously solved problem, you will be able to write this code lot more easily than you start thinking in terms of if n n equal to n by 2. In other words at least for some people thinking in terms of recursion and thinking in terms of small cases and reducing to those cases helps. Some people say recursion is difficult, but many people find it easy. So, we will take one more example of this type of thinking before we move on to the next problem. All the theory is fine, but does it work? So, we might as well run that first. I have to have something to test it. It only has a collage function. So, in order to test it, I need to give it input. So, made a typing error collage is a function. So, it should be called with n by 2. I typed the wrong brackets. We did not ask the final to be printed. We just called collatian. We should have it printed. Reasonable seems to work. Then the last problem we will discuss now. Let us look at the vowel problem. Now, we know the answer for this is supposed to be E O. So, what do we do? This is in my opinion a straightforward enough problem. The only question is to decide whether you want to do it in a way where you check whether something is a vowel and copy or you want to check whether something is not a vowel and not copy. In other words, remove both are possible. But it is simpler to just copy if it is a vowel. So, we are told that we need only lower case. So, this helps. After that, we start with a empty list or we will start with a empty string. Not a problem. Both work well. We know a far loop can be used to step through a string. That is all. In fact, it is not even required to convert it before. We could have easily written dot lower converting it here. That way the function need not affect the given parameter at all. So, you want to bake it into a function and test it out. You may want to do that. So, for the code one last time, then we will once again think in terms of python's idioms of far loops and in. Do not necessarily think in terms of the other languages you know. Do not use an index to look into each character in a string. That is a very bad way of using a far loop in python. If you find yourself using an index variable in a far loop or using something like for i in range n, 90 percent of the time you are writing c code. You happen to be writing in python, but it is not python code. 90 percent of the time a far loop using the range of an object, the length of an object as a range means you are writing c code. You are not writing python code. We started yesterday by discussing arrays. We talked about operations on arrays. We said there are some special methods like zeros and so on, but we said operations on arrays. We made a comment on the fact that everything happens on all the elements of the array. So, then we said we will discuss accessing and changing elements. That we did. We talked about how indexing works very much like this. We talked about how to access columns. We talked about the a comma b notation for row a column b and we made an observation that column can be used to indicate all and that gives us a very simple way to access a particular column or a row. Then we stopped there saying we will discuss slicing particularly using an image processing as a mechanism. Let us do that. Having made sure we are in the right directory where the data is, we are saying do a command called im read. This loads, im read reads an image and loads it as an array. How do we know? Not because I say so, but you can look at what is the type of I? It is an array. What is its shape? 300 by 300. So, that is the size of the image. It is a 300 pixel by 300 pixel. So, we can now, if this represents the 300 pixel by 300 pixel image, if I want any portion of that image, I simply have to choose the corresponding elements of the array. What do you mean by that? Slicing, we talked about works just like with list. We make that point. So, if you want half one-fourth of this, then think about that and we say half the x coordinates and the half the y coordinates is what I require. So, I colon 150 will take all the elements up to the x values 0, 1, 2, 1, 49 which is the half of it. Similarly, the y values that is, now this, these pixels represent one-fourth of the image. How do we know? We can use an im show which will take an array and interpret it as an image. There you go. But, is this the picture? How do we know? Yes, let us do an im show of the whole image first, so that we know what you are talking about. This is the complete image squares dot p and g. So, we know the plotting tool nicely gives us the numbers to show us that. So, we know that x 150 will stop here. 0 to 150, please note, the way numbering is done. 0 to 150 would be this. So, now we can see where this is coming from. Now, if you want to see both, we are better off doing a figure command, so that this is the complete picture. This is the top corner. This was arrived by looking at treating it as an array. The next example given is 75 to 25. We should take a look and try to decide. 75 is here. So, 75 to 225, it will produce the inner four squares. So, this is the top corner. Looks good. Let us try it. 75, 25. Oops, I forgot to change the figure. So, but it introduced what we wanted. Figure 2 is producing the inner square as we saw. So, this is what the slides show. We are giving a very simple example again. Compress the image to a fourth. Let me do something else, so that it goes back to. Figure 2 has the full picture. In figure 1, I want to… This is the full picture. This is 75 to 125. Very good. Now, let us work through the next command and see what will happen. What does this command colon colon to? What does that say? Take every alternate element. In the case of an image, we are saying every alternate pixel in the x direction and every alternate pixel in the y direction, which essentially means every fourth pixel in a square of 2 by 2 is going to be taken. So, the total image size will be reduced to one fourth. Now, it looks like the same picture. This is the original and this is what has changed. You notice carefully what has changed is the numbers on the axis, which tells you the image has effectively been shrunk both in physical size and the size of the file would have come down. Now, this picture, this image has a very simple pattern. Somebody makes a comment on what exactly is, why do we need IM show? Why cannot we just print? What is I? If you just print I, you will just see a whole host of zeros and ones. I python is a little intelligent. So, it would not print every single element. So, essentially, we are treating the image as an array of pixels with the value there, the color there, everything defined by the values in the array in that position. So, you cannot print I or print this two and expect to see anything meaningful. What instead you have to do is, do an IM show. IM show treats it as interprets as an image and then shows the corresponding image. The array is a representation of the image. So, please remember the array did not is converted. Let us go back to the slides and see. Squares dot PNG is a regular picture. So, where is it available? It is available in the test files. This is the PNG file as it is stored in the OS and this is what we are trying to read and we read it into a variable. There is a question which has been asked. The picture is in gray. Why is the output in color? We will explain that in a few minutes. But please note what we are doing is to read that pictures, constituent elements, the element into an array and this array is a representation of that image, but the array is not the image. So, for it to be displayed as an image, something which displays an image has to be there to take a one minute extra on that. For example, each byte in a file is simply 8 bits. So, it is simply a number between 0 and 255. But you do not know whether it represents the numbers 97 or it represents a letter which is the corresponding ASCII value. Now, how do we know that? We do not know that. Only by looking at the number, there is nothing which tells us whether it is supposed to be an integer or a character or even more confusingly, it would not be either. It could simply be something else because it is in the middle of one 4 byte sequence or 8 byte sequence representing a floating point number. So, simply asking what does 97 represent without giving any context is not correct. But assuming there is no other context, still you cannot answer the question because it could still be a 97 could still be a number or a character. In the same way, an array of 1s and 0s can be just that an array. But please interpret it as an image, then I can interpret it as the 1s represent a black dot, the 0s represent a white dot or the other way around and then say this is my picture and this is the size of the picture is the size of my array, whatever is the value there represents the value of the color in that pixel position. So, the shape of the array represents the size of the image in pixels and whatever is there in each element represents in some coded form the value of the pixel. In other words, what is the color in that pixel? Now, that is an interpretation, that interpretation is provided by I am read and I am show. But if you say I am show of an arbitrary array, it is not going to work because it may or may not be in the correct format. We will move on. If arrays are this one of the simplest way to implement matrices in Python, what do you mean by implementing matrices? We want to be able to use all the matrix operations we have as you can see on this list. You want to transpose a matrix or take its determinant or compute the Eigen values of a matrix or the inverse of a matrix all of that without writing any of the code you have seen in numerical analysis courses. You just want to use it, then there is a built in method available already. You simply have to declare an array of the correct shape and load the data what is expected in the matrix. We will take half a minute to look at this and understand that all these methods are defined on arrays. Some of them may or may not have a direct for example, I do not recall the sum of all the elements ever being usefully discussed in a matrix class. I do not know, I have not done much of computation of this type. Now, let us see how to use these and we will talk about one of the earlier problems we have seen in order to provide the motivation for it. So, we have loaded the data, this is L, this is T. We know how to calculate square of it or we could have as shown here, we could have simply set T star T because we know matrix operations are done element wise. Now, if I plot L versus T square as you probably remember, the first B O will plot in using dots in blue color or will plot a line in red. Let us see how it looks, that is the blue dots, that is the red line, that is a terrible graph. Now, this is not the line we want to draw when given experimental data of this form, this is not a line. So, normally when we want to plot a trend showing, if you want to show the overall trend rather than the individual, we would like to look at what is the best fitting line that passes through given these points, what is the best fitting line. So, that is what is the very definition of a least square fit. Technically speaking, the least square line would be that line which when drawn, the square of the error between the line and the point for all the points is minimum. That is you draw a line y equal to m x plus c and you will get a line and not all the points will lie on the line, it is obvious looking at this, but you can see a broad linear shape for the way the dots are distributed. Then out of many possible lines, you can imagine from somewhere between this to here to here, you can start anywhere and somewhere between here to here, you can end anywhere and join any point on this area to this area, any of those lines could be thought of as potential candidates. One of them has this very nice property that the error between the actual point on the line, the square of the error is the least. So, that is why it is called the least square fit and doing a least square fit is one of the standard things we do. The slide explains that in detail, we are trying to fit a least square fit between t square and l. So, t square equal to m into l plus c, but now note that t and l or t square and l in this case are matrices. So, we are trying to do a matrix equation as the slide explains. We need to find best values of m and c for this. In other words, think of this is a matrix equation and we have two unknowns m and c to solve. So, in Python, you almost always type something and there you are. We first create a new array. You remember the ones like and zeros like we discussed yesterday. So, we will get one pair of brackets was missing. Now, what does that give us? Let us go back to the problem description and see. This l 1 to l n is all the various l data we have read into that l and it is supposed to have another one in this. That is the way to matrix representation of this equation. So, we need to first find a build a new array of that type. So, you look at type of a, a dot shape. This 2 rows by 90, but we want 90 by 2. So, transpose it. Now, you have a and t s q. So, the problem we are trying to solve is result has a lot of stuff in it. Result 0 contains something you want. So, that is the m and c value. The other elements of result give you some estimate about what is the possible error in the values and so on. You can read up the manual entry for l s t s q. That is l s t s q question mark to understand more about this. Sorry, the error is due to the fact I typed a full stop rather than a comma. Now, we have got this. So, now what we want to do is we want to print a line using this m and c values y equal to m x plus c, but we know what the x values are x values are the l s. So, we have to instead of t, t square we are going to have something called t s q, which is generated through a fit. We will clear the plotting area, then say do this, which is all the blue points. Now, instead of connecting every one of these lines, every one of these dots, sorry, instead let me plot l against t s q fit, but this time use a line. So, the data points will be the experimental data points and the line would be the least square line for those points giving us something like this. I am not sure probably the size is too small. Let me increase the line width. So, that probably is more visible. So, as you can see not all the points. In fact, very few points seem to actually lie on that line, but rest assured that is the best fitting line in the sense of the least squares. Now, please note even if you do not understand the theory behind least squares and all that you are required to produce a least square fit. All you need to do is just convert it into the right format and then type that one line l s t s q. You will notice that using python to solve these problems is extremely simple.


When you look at the lungs, you probably don't think acid-based balance immediately, but they play a very important role. The simplest way to look at this, I think we overthink this, the simplest way to look at this is carbon dioxide becomes an acid called carbonic acids. Let's go ahead and look at the actual homeostasis chart here. But that is basically the simplest way to look at it. Carbon dioxide can react with water to form carbonic acid and usually they're in equilibrium. So the more carbon dioxide you have, the more carbonic acid you will have. It's a weak acid, but it's still an acid. So when you think carbon dioxide, think acid. So if we have to get rid of acids, we should get rid of carbon dioxide. If we have to hold on to acids, we should hold on to carbon dioxide, and we'll come right back to that in just a moment. So your body primarily controls your respiratory rate. So the respiratory rate centers are in the ponds of the brainstem, the rhythmity centers are in the medullavel and gata, but there are chemo receptors that are in your aorta and your crotted arteries, and they're basically pH sensors in a sense, but they're primarily monitoring carbon dioxide levels. Your brain is much more interested in carbon dioxide levels than oxygen levels. We have enough oxygen. We have extra oxygen. That's why we can go to higher altitudes. We have to make sure we keep the right amount of carbon dioxide. If we get rid of too much or too little, we're in trouble. Okay, so let's go ahead and look at these here. Let's look at the most common. We'll cover the acid-base disturbances in a separate video, but respiratory acid doses would be the most common. So let's go down the left-hand side. The pH drops too low. In this case, it would be below 7.35. You don't have an acid-dose condition. The receptors in the ponds, like I just mentioned, and the aorta and the crotted arteries, they're going to be stimulated, and they're going to increase your respiratory rate.  We're going to increase respiratory rate to get rid of carbonic acid. So as you start to breathe faster, your blood CO2 is going to go down because you're exhaling more of it, which means your blood carbonic acid is going to go down, and then your pH will climb, and you should be fine, unless it's too big of something to deal with. So if you double your respiratory rate for a minute, you can bring the pH up by 0.2 points. That's pretty good. So if you're exercising, you're going to be generating more carbon dioxide and generating more lactic acid if you're exercising really intensely, which is why you need to breathe faster when you exercise. The increased breathing from exercise is primarily about getting, it's at least as much more about getting rid of carbon dioxide than it is getting in more oxygen. So what kind of things could lead to too much carbon dioxide in your blood, which is hypercapnia, it's called, anything that's going to impact respiratory function. So I think pneumonia, COPD, emphysema, congestive heart failure, all of those things that are going to impair lung function so that your body might not do as good of a job of getting rid of carbon dioxide. Anything that causes hypoventilation, and it causes you to breathe too slowly to do the same thing. So drugs, central nervous system disorders, like I'm thinking about morphine, richwits, alcohol, all these things can cause you to breathe too slowly.  Now let's go to the other side. What would happen if your pH were to climb too high? Now this is generally not going to be as common, hopefully understand why. I like to remember that your body is always teetering on the edge of acidosis because every second of every day your metabolism makes acids. So you'll see whether it's metabolic or respiratory disturbances. We are much more likely to become acidotic, have our pH climb too low than to rise too high. But if your pH of your blood goes above 7.45, you'll now have alkalosis. Same receptors are going to be triggered, but the opposite's going to happen. This person needs to breathe more slowly. If your pH is too high, you're getting rid of or you don't have enough acid. So if you slow down your respiratory rate, you will have more carbon dioxide in your blood, which means you'll have more carbonic acid and that should hopefully bring your pH back down to normal. So what can lead to too little carbon dioxide? It's called hypocapnia and the key here is hyperventilation. Anything that causes you to breathe too quickly. This is why, so the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis is hyperventilating. So maybe you probably all know this. If someone's hyperventilating, what do you do? You know, get them comfortable, get them sitting down or laying down or something so that if they do pass out, they, they don't hit their heads and if they pass out, it's probably not a terrible idea because their breathing will hopefully stabilize and they'll be fine, but you have them breathe into a bag. Everyone's heard that, but why?   All right, so that's how your body uses your lungs, your respiratory system to help maintain pH. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Tule, et ma käedam, et siiras on. Ma ka nii hea oli hoono ja mihte koaps, kui on siiras. Tarti jõhtsigi? Kus ei siipi. Ka kiui tommos, see katse, ka ki jatsum, on see kiiva ja ja piuhitamaa koin. Tansi kiis nusune, oogimaal. Pamuissaheime ko TJ300 aasilesetı. Jah, ma on nusume. Kas-nusume ko tinu, sinud arme, riidades. Siis osa, harvestid nostam made, on nusumek koeknutass, abstract mov trudomo magabit. Hogemauga ei siigasud. Egi hogema ootab. Egi eks ei ootsud tavah. Egi kihuigud. Takka ampu muutium siis ei oots ka või. Hogemauga sinna mele. Juk siigis või ta muutsik, nii jukvana. Ma kuutis, kui olminigi ea. Jukvana ei kihuigit saigitana. Uus ka piu sa. Egi heja oot. Jukvana ta taapu jukvana. Nukvana ragi või ta muut. Tuk 12 pofalo. To make the TP for jukvana. Niis o saapan. Egi kiitu, et ma ne nukvana. Juk see, mis teha toski on kiitoutam. Ma aga he kept order and peace. Kui tipui ohminagi ea, feidkeeper kiie ea, he see olega ma oot. A caller. Egi oos ka titi samanakampam. Egi tipu iti olega olega caller. We still see that. Sandances. Sa ma ootamde koldam stickman naudeis. Ma ei ole enhan. Egi ka kihuigin aga togi, te oga nogema oot. Ma ootis, kui on miin nogema teigi. Vista ole ootama. Kaitu iti kiiteegi. Apehtavus, kui ka kihuigate piihta, minna naa piu apehtav. Jog oma on miin jugema oot. Egi ikki sii ootsid tii samana. Ikki ikki sii ootsid sii kange. Ja tiitab sii kange. Tän sammis raskitama ootsid kange feather. Juk siia tiitakse ootsid sii samana anka jääs. Skuog minna peal on ikse. Muusimito ala noge äski kui sa. Apua vassagi kuhigina näihtak. Kui mõhrine tegid kui on pole mõttis ja imi nogema, ei kii nana hea ta ootsid. Ma ei kii kohe meine ikkut taa nogema, ei kii kohe apahata, mune aavei kii kohe apahata, ei kii kohe apahata, ei kii kohe apahata, ei kii kohe apahata, nii hii oguge, Since Indians were going to be bribed by the white people. Iukusmine kiis, ikuski ita, kõige iga kumma. Ma k enough tamine, teidid seremonies kui on läheb sur, sest on ta kõige kliida, ta kui on täitsi, kui ei see. On t knewa, jau on täitsi, kui on täitsi. Iuku kõige ikuski ita, kui ei tuku aukusti tohumuni aah. kui või tagas, kõm kui ita ota? Tegu auki hea oga. Konkordana. Kagi või semaatisa, nii hea oga. That's the Konkorda at-pribe, the native people. Magi kui sta outi hea, kista no oota. Konkorda, hea came, it came from different country and then our only ego was to go take care of. They knew that. Hea seegi skid tagi, kui kui ma oga. They were coming. Põk ota asu ita, ta ma mani inseki. Juk sii seegiid, kui tõid ma noge ma oga. And they prepared for it. Ja kuhtsi ka aga, mis teid tagusid ka jää soge ma oga. He was highly regarded, on oge ma oga. Taas kui sema ka itõitsa ki teeg, mis teik sii oad suuni ki. There was interconnections inter families ka jääs. Ja kuhtsi, our relationships were so humble. They were humble. They were respected. We don't know that anymore. We don't know how we're related to our cousins anymore. He has to teach his clan, ja gua noge ma oga, tos teachings on hea. Ja kuhse, kui mis tehti hea, kui mis teksud minna, noge ma oga, hea had to teach. He had to see his people were taken care of. He had to do that. That's why oge ma oga. That's why he was called oge ma. He has to look at everybody equal. No family had more. No family had less. That's the role of that oge ma. That was then, back then. But now it's so changed. Now we have people, our own people living in the street, which always hurts me when I see our own people living in the streets being really poor. Oni igan jõu valudas kõis suid siiputsik. Mis tehti hea, minu asin, kis pengi tahtad jõu niigan jõu koke, tõn toht aladsikid tie ja peeluje tõpiiks koad tõvutsik ja kuumata piik skotamik ta roolav ta ogema tõpiiks koad tõvutsik, oni igan jõu. Kosa on pula esku nabilke, ka on igan istahgi. Õhtopurangita kõiks, kiita koogu nii hohohe, ühes sõu nameinanta kõiks, kiita koogu. Õrgema on agi siira, kahki jõu nai sinua agi, kõis kõnna vaapumad. Mõi kiita sõktamaaks, see põl 10, or 1,000-familist, sõad nad haata sufer, mõi nõi on nõi, mõi on toga lõpid. Mõi, et see ei ole kõik või. Õrgema on jõu, sõad nad haata sõmõi. Õrgema on sõmõi. Õrgema on sõmõi, sõmõi on sõmõi. Õrgema on sõmõi, sõmõi on sõmõi. Mõi, kui ma saab rõhime näkkelem võimalist, juks niis kriste. Me ainalt käiba oma sõmõimaks ja võimen oma sõmõimaks kuhu sõmõimaks ka või sees olnud, kui soomi ka on kõik, kui rõhime ka ei läheb. See lihtsalt jõu, Kui minu kultuse, minu kõik mängu-päiv. See oli Ugemao, see oli Ugemao, et see juba ma seeid, see oli Ugemao, ja minu kõik. Kui minu kõik, see oli Ugemao, seeid me stahil kõik, või põgne startu, seeid minu kõik, olen põhvõlmelt. Olen see põhvõlmelt. Tõtele oli kõik põhvõlmelt, et kõik põhvõlmelt. Tõtele oli kõik põhvõlmelt. Tõtele oli kõik põhvõlmelt, et kõik põhvõlmelt. Jõgmahkaanu tsi, inikanistahki, and the hereditary people are being suppressed till the way, way down. Jõgmahkaanu tsi, inikanistahki, the hereditary people will have to get up. Jõgmahkaanu tsi, I kept these things all these years. I grew up with this system. I grew up with knowing about the indigenous laws, the laws of the women. I grew up with them. I knew them, but I've been silent all these years. Hõgõgõne enõhe, te pamaatuna isbi ka kivias tatske. Hõgõta, utte epe hõgih ta olnud japan. My great grandfather, hõgõta huista ka kihajat, siisil ei hamki siihas on musom nanan. Our great grandfather, he was the signatory to the treaties. Hõgõta, these stories have been handed down to my generation, and I've been handing it down to my children's generations. Hõgõne enõhe, before they were signed into the treaty, they had ceremonies, and the woman had a big important role in there, along with the Úgõmau. It wasn't done like one night. There was a gathering, some mixed me, and they had ceremonies, four nights. Hõgõt tõgõne, and the treaties, ka kõiki kõiki kõsta tõgõta. A free ride on a train. I remember taking free rides on a train. I remember taking free rides on a bus to Prince Albert. I remember those things. All we had was a treaty ticket. It was about this long. That treaty ticket was about this long, and it's about the color of my skin. It wasn't white. It was about this white. Hõgõt tõiki mõi kõuja, ahmana. We were given those treaty tickets. Hõgõne enõhe, pui tõmane kõi pihtuja. We went through the exhibition. We didn't have to pay. We were given free meals, just the soars, treaty tickets. Õksan makaja asi kõi pihtu. Uugemalana. Kui jäugemal. Ma ei siis see niimahais. Ta ei ole kas collar. Nii kui ju kiiieks, ka suid on uugemal. Meidada paamaad, kui ei ole mu üks ka kiiti, siis see ka misnune, ka aga pihti taluhtid, sige töise minna. Meidada skele ei ole mu hema. Hegega siin, Isku ei ohegu, hoogisid tausku ei koegu tagali tihta piti saanisku, uskata hoodi itastad, siis sa ka pigna ei tundu napioon.  I cannot talk to you too. You came here on behalf of a woman, kai tati sa. Heegu sa, vahe nua, noogimau, tohtahööni ideen, skuivõll. Asamine kohtakana messengersid, tohtid niiti. Heegu seeki taatsu, mõsõmna, no mõtaipehkio. No, komi aga nii hootauja. No mõsõm, opa, piöin, kiita, hootauja, kui on enda taipehkio. Heegu ta heegu asamine, piin nii tehtu jook, heegu tega agi pig. Käägi ju ujes taats, kui on enda paamaa toona. Jogu on nii sku, kui on teiseki hea. Jogu ma ennumundu, et seeks kiiti, olin anna, liiki, ikki seeks kiitamaa, et seeks kui on kiiku. Kijasud on isu kiitamaa, enda paamaa toona hooh. Noh ta oi ma nii kiitui. Mõi nii sugati, ta ei siinu, ikka seeki piönum te paamaa toona. Piönum kas kapahdiu. Just like smoke, it's up here. Someday, he's gonna come down it. That's what my dad said, our 3Ds will be strong again. Maga pui skog, the woman have to get up. That's what he said. He used to set my children in a circle, talkin' about those 3Ds. Heu ma nii kiitui. There's gonna be a big court case in the future about our 3Ds. They're gonna be the strongest. When that happens, we pick up by our grandma when now, we'll have school at our grandma when he eat with my Noh ta oi. Ma saame, mis kui saab kõik, okki või. Kui saab, ma saanahakid, kõm ma 3D. Mõi kui saab, ma saanahakid, ma ei ekspeeg peeg, 3Dsigning on kaisi kanta. Kijatame, mis kui saab peeg, otsi või. Kijatame, mis kui saab peeg, nahu jooks, tegi üinogi sii, kasvab mõngin, te neid, reserve. Mõi katsa iskuma, me liht off the land. Me en ma jas been liht off the land for many years. I don't remember going on welfare too much. I don't remember that. We lived off the land. Iki me kui aksime to our hands to work with, our hands to pick with. Ja või kooks tegi üinog, if we get on the inside the reserve, that farmer instructor live inside the reserve. He brought with him medicine. He brought with him tools for the men to work with, to be farmers. And they did so well. I have a picture of my dad, my brother, my musulm, oga ma aaks peegni musulm. I have a picture of them. They were dressing. And we used to play around there, ünne dressing masinama. Hikutamine, hikipistukotad. Ova, kooks tegi üinog. Rasensisikata, muudse paktin koja to get out from the reserve. We had to have a permit to get out from the reserve. He brought rasens. There'll be pork, there'll be tea, sugar, salt, beans, hikutamigipit, tatman. Once a month we used to get those. Before then, before that happened, I remembered these food stamps that my dad and my mom, I was wondering why they used to take one food stamp to get tea, auna tea. When they used to go sell their beaver belts ünne kiiuea. And those were gone, the food stamps were gone, and then the rasens, they call it rasens, those are the ones that started coming in, because we weren't allowed to go out from the reserve. So the men, hukimau on musulm kiihtu. We listened to hukimau. Go, go in silence, go hunting. See, on the musulm, on the musulm, on the musulm, on the musulm, on the musulm, on the musulm, on the musulm, on the musulm. We were never hungry. We were rich. Tõnoti kii miuaja. Our cukums, our mums, they used to dry meat, meat, meat, the out in a bush. Higui, kui neine teed, kui skapaikii kui, kui amma, gardens, rasens. A lot of things start to change from there. A lot. When I look back 50 years ago, I see a lot of things change. It's a big transition. I grew up horses. We used to use saddle, hitching up the horses, the wagon or a sleigh. Uta umani kippi kahki ohi ahum. My grandparents were from Sodo, next reserve here. And my sister married into this reserve. We used to come and visit here. We used to play on those hills over there. Just sooja seki sii, kata ma, kui ma ainu muuta. Mis teame, mis teigi kui bi mountaineatamaan, ka pitta ko pei ahoota. I had a flashback. I had my parents with me. I felt like I was a child again coming into this reserve. Ma aga kui neine hanegitua, mis tegi kui kimi, kata kui ko permit, minama muigo haga tats, taja jah, toga titti jah, from the reserve. We don't have to have that permit anymore. Even when we were trying to cut the trees, we had to have the permit. But later on, when my brother was a chief, kagiugumaud, my brother, things start to happen. Kintu tamau, taske putsegen. A little sawmill, he asked for a little sawmill. He got it. And that's when these lumber houses start to begin in our reserve. Because my brother, kagiugumaud, he wanted something good for his people. He was a farmer, but of gardens. And yet, that farmer instructor had my mum that one day she woke up early in the morning, she heard a noise, heard the dog barking, she got up. And here was that farmer instructor digging out from her garden. That farmer instructor was stealing. He did that to our other neighbors there, stealing from their gardens. We didn't say nothing because he lived in the reserve and he wanted to know everything what goes on. His name was Mr. Jones. That's the only name we knew. Mr. Jones. He used to drive a a little army jeep. He used to go and steal around. And Ogumaud, he knew that was happening. He went and talked to him. And then there was one interpreter. He was a matey person. He got that matey person, went to Duck Lake because the Indian Agency was in Duck Lake. He went over there on wagon and he went and told on that farmer instructor what he was doing to the gardens. And he was released shortly after that. He was released from our reserve. And from there we had another farmer instructor, but he was a kind man. He was really a kind man. He saw the people, how to build bridges. And that's what they did. They worked together with that farmer instructor. He knew the farmer. He knew the farmer. He knew the farmer. He knew, he knew the farmer and he and one of the other did it. He walked to Duck Lake and gave me the性 of mistake. He did it.b Land0 Eetime mechanism and said the farmer told the museum took vahel goad. Panchanile There he said, slowly the elected system is going to buy off our treaties. Ei kihtuid, nii musu. Asu ittamukin kihtuid. Ma kallis, mõne antoogid tootse kaati ju. Mõne antoogid tootname. Jõgu nii huhtsiu, jõgu huhtsiu huoma nii stams tega ma anton ittamaan. Jõgu nii huhtsiu huoma nii stams tega ma anton ittamaan. Kirsi, ta aitamukin kui nu mõni al. Jõgu siihuhu nii avas saks namu aganak. Põitik paamaatsia on across Canada head's travel and I tell it to the university students. You have to get hold of your own indigenous laws, we have them. You have to approach your elders, ganauid, taudtei situehtun. Lõhkud ei ole seda tõhud teed. Tõhud ei ole teed. Ja see on, et meil ei ole tõhud. Tõhud ei ole seda. Tõhud. Nõm oma. Kui me olega kõik, eest te mõte, kui me olega. Kui see oma, see me olega. See oli midvaj, kui me olega. See oli see, et mõtlid, kui mängu meie kõik õtil, ja see on taid, et see on see, et teha või, mängu meie kõik õtil, et meie kõik õtil, et meie kõik õtil, et meie kõik õtil, instead of hospital, hiugume enamahim stagihti. That's one of the most important things. Nukume igitu itmana. When a child is born, when it makes the first cry, iguta, they bring a story, they bring a message, igunean hane, that's one of the roles of the midwife. They understood that child's cry, that very first cry. So they know what's going to happen in that child's life, because that child brought a message for them. So the children, when they're born, they wear bonnet. It's a second layer of skin that covers their eyes up to here. Those are very gifted people. Ma ei kogumis totale meida. Those are the ones igitu itenukume. Musta hea. Hiuib peaks koata huomis itki kui. Menu in stuhtahki, stuhtamaunimii koostik igitu itenukume. Naa pisse, mingin peev on ikse. Haati, oahassak, et ta mikuti ka jäätsiga, seeki huopata huomis itki kui. Kui nii anahane, igungangit, they are very gifted igitu itenukume. Mis ikki kui igi, ikka ma oot. Saanui siinookis maatsimutsu, pahungis teia, treedis uhi, taas kui teia, ngeitoon maatsium, uminuma ja berries ka panna, takitüksii saane, igumina ja ka maatsimutsu. Nõmusu oma omaan aaja, kagi aati musta ola, seehame iga on nõmusu. Mis tängi peaks koata ikma nii oana nõmusu, nukume ei naua, huuties hiungigi juhtaa, seehatsiga ja umuutia, kammete pahass ka, igu ei omaa aga aati su mutmaan on nõmusu, aati et aati musta, igipi nene jahtsigi, igatsi musta, ka põmpe tse kuma. Ta humagi igu ikka ehtagoog, ta usapsi musta, ante lõpsuga, offaloog, igu teigi ka peaks, igma nii, igu tegumaan teig, priepelda food, igu esku muugumis teigi, et toski on minu skuog, igipi muoate igigi, ta on suumis, igati, iga nii birtspark basket sõnne, igutu ei, ei use to dry, saskatun veris igutu ei. Ma ei oma tõegi igestat, sõgma nõmusi, saskatun veris, ei use to dry them, jook cherries, ei use to pound them, on a rock, teid make them like hamburger patties, teid use to dry them, and then teid put them in a birtspark baskets, ka kui ei võtas, ei katil võk on enne, kaki oli või peaks normaal on ja gaskihtaan, ka kui ei võtas, siitaan, igutu iga ma anand nii suuna, igiestatsk, peme hega on minu igu teigiestatsk, ma, peme hega on ma ka ei siigati, on meru oma, on meru, on teid family, on teid animal, on teid use to use for gris, iga ma, teid use to put it on teid meat, on teid berries, nõnna togeks iski kui ei, tõts how they prepare gis kuokias, on meru oma, and sometimes they put berries in there, we never had candies when we were growing up, berries and nanne, igit sokoonan ma nan, to omni, to sii ohtsigi, we used to have this sap from a tree in the spring, that sap would come out, and us children would, you know, we'd all be sucking from that tree, that's what, that was our candy, because it was so sweet. Lots of things that I can, I can talk about, mis it ki kui annik, see see, if the students, if they want to learn, maybe one week, maybe two weeks, about the middle of, or the end of July, or the first week in August, the best time to learn about the way we used to live a long time ago. Then you can prepare your own joke cherries, you can prepare your own jaskatones, in the middle of the winter you can eat those. That's how we preserve, that's how we used to preserve berries, dry meat, mousse hides, deer hides, I did all those things, I make moogasins, I make lots of things, I know how to make those things, because I grew up with them. Magikumina, edukeisnuma, kaisikati, I encourage my children, my grandchildren, to get into it, but never forget that you're an indigenous person, and always put that first. And just because you have an education, humble yourself, agitak, itak and ausmusik, because that's one thing we were taught, is to humble ourselves. No matter how much money you have, in Indian country, agitik, no musumi aga, okumau, it's not going to open the doors for you in heavens. That's what he said, that true okumau, it's nice to enjoy me as nihuanus. To have that enjoyment outside the reserve, you got to have that money. Magikumina, to have that enjoyment like myself, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old, I'm old now. I can enjoy a lot of things over there. In the morning when I get up, sometimes I forget to light up sweet grass, I'll go outside and I'll listen to the birds. It's just like they're talking to me, just like I can understand them. And sometimes I, sometimes I, I think I can understand the wind. Those are the things that okumau taught us, because a lot of us grow up that way. And when I stand there outside, I'm thankful.  See, he did me now, okumau. Kui aga meeguja, kui amee nõudnam, he can take a life, no matter how much you love that, your parent, your sister, he'll take it. Juk see kiitud ja kuuh see kiitud.  Ta nüüsi püüse pitu sepaik, aspinovtsir, kihtser seda maagi või nõumakama, sengati, issku ohce. Issku ohce, ohce, kuhmur, mis teiragi imatspüü to sepaik, me nii huu nõu mis piikagi imatspüü, kui ma put legures okki hea, ohmanna. Bi oopahtin. Hiu esbi oma tiks, nõu ma aagi või. When we're starting to go to school, I think that's where a lot of the things start to change. The boys don't respect the girls. And they could start growing up that way, because they see the teacher hit us. The teacher used to hit the girls. And I think that's when the boys does not respect the girls anymore. The way my kuhkum used to tell me is that God created the hands for us. The men are supposed to use those hands to provide for their families, not to hit the woman with them. God didn't give you those hands to hit woman with the kid to a man nohum. How in man nohum aukse kid to hea. When we started school, a lot of things changed. Who used to have a strap or a roller, that man used to hit us with those things. And the boys see this. And I think that's when the role, the boys think they're the rulers. Before then, the woman used to come first. As they grew up like that. I seen these, my schoolmates. I seen them hitting the woman. Many of them, they have a woman. And I think back to that teacher that used to give us liggins with the strap. And I think that's when they, especially after in 1960, 61, 62, somewhere there, when our native people were allowed to go into the, to go sit in a bar and drink alcohol. I seen a lot of changes after that. I seen the woman being dragged around by the hair, by men. And then I think that's when it started to change for the woman. A lot of the woman. That's when men do not respect the woman. Now today I look around and I see the young ladies, they don't respect themselves anymore. I think we should go back to respect ourselves as women because we have important role to do yet in the future. You can go to the church, you can go to the church, you can go to the church. Very few, very few women are respected nowadays. Very few. Tas on aaja, keep these instructing, the treaty promise for education. Jogun enhemana nohtaviga kiiti, in 1952 ka keogikuumu kueski kiibis peiguma. The promise, nii tis tunile juhu teikis namas ügmisid, auassak. Jogu ees pihikuhanta. There was a Catholic school, there was an Anglican schoolanta in our reserve. Huksti kõinubis ning ei aana nii heoid. Kihtu Jogun, ikka auhegast agi punpeik. The right to education. Tas kusoukid tukmas, kui mui uistid te pihta kammu. Ma agi kuhu topu, kui tatu, tamiad tabi miigu ja kammata, free education, the queen, queen Victoria hau. Ja kui anegi pees ota maad, nii heoad, ka keegi, sku piisimultab muohti, sku ma toha tuhpeki, sku nii piitab muohti, Jogunin ka keegi taja, agi kihtu ita. Jukes nii ma aga nii ügis tabu agi kihtamaan, mui aujalt agi, piikunahki kui henne. Sku kianu, apu itu viitab piikunahmasuja, tabiikunahmaga auhegast puu. Uinana tohu, kui ma aga, kui ma aga, kui ma agan. Nau, me oleme treibal kaunselt, me oleme afn, me oleme afsajen.  Ma ei seeit, me oleme kapis, nii seeitu, peab nii häigad seks, ma ei seeit, ta塞i olen väga teid. Kui teid, Meidave otsed kõiglade edgele, meidave otsed kõiglade edgele, aga ei ole muudul, kui on sees päris, kui on sellega või. Meidave otsed kõiglade, kui on kõiglade kaudel, üle universitele otsed kui on edgele. Kui on maidane, kui on taad, kui on taad. Puhu igu iguneen haanhaltamaest, ka kui siit tohtame, jõudsel ajto on hirgad on onnist tehti, et juba on kõige õrvade õrvade õrvade õrvade õrvade õrvade. Puhu iguneen, et ta kui aeghandud onnist tohtame. Meine ta saagi rihtainout, sõmmaki nii hiaun. Muiga, mis ona sõgime muuni aon. Miks siit kiihtu, et siia meina kiihti eeg. Ma aga õhtopulaama muuniaal piiks kuunuma. Tans tuhta mehminna, tans ei töimaga. Suidiid, et ta pigi, nii kiitiid ma äna ja loog ma oon. Taas paa 1952-nuhtaoilutiga kiitsa oot, läheb õteluse õtas. Meie teidas, ma yee, taas 3-uhta. Et võitaks, Begoj, seega. Meie eva suidi suid, keelikust-rausti, ja jõadame öelika pole, enta palju. Antropati, mei ma. Teidas kralli õhtas, taas õtas õtas õtas õtas. Meie jaelikus õtas seal ka Walbij, Medisnendus oli kui pärjavad. Läga oli ju. Kui ei tule myös, et kui ei tule oma. Kui on klinikultud pärjavad, ikka ei ole kui. Tõt certi nagu tulks embedded väga. Bid ei ole oma ilge, kui ei ole oma. Ilge on kui kõikidid, kuidas ei tule paale. Tänika mega ooo istama, kui võin on tois peige. Tänika on kõis, kui timiin. Ta toahona on on. Kui ka tsam igokis sihtaja? Tänk saaja, kui nohti itaok, jokon kokki, sit sihti nohma tuugam kats, nohma atsike. Tänk saaja, nohti itaoka, maata nihta, on muuta nii uhtsiniiga, kui ma on leadership. Ta on nii ka liista, ta on samma ja nii on sinig, ta ta skahtahki. Ja uoma nii tihtama, nii uoma kitua ainama. You learn the European system. But don't forget you're always an indigenous person. You're always that first. Kui ma oon amaga, seega teeg. Look around. Siimantogime igua, miskisuga. God gave us. Listen. You look around.  You become a doctor, or you want to be in leadership. Use these, and use these, and use this one. Jogama, that will take you far away. Far away. Minna taks, nohma. The underprivileged children. Kui ma oona, hüksanigi, tatooski. He took the orphans as his children. Kui ma oona. Kisb nüüsti, tatooski, true leadership. You know? Our people would be well educated in many ways. If that leadership works in that form. Jegu siia ka huitamog mana. When you finish education, when you finish your university, when you finish your goal, what do you want to be? What do you want to become? Kindness, humbleness. Jogama, but do not forget. Ukuti kutakak. That are not privileged enough to be where you are. You kind of have to bring them up, bring them up. Talk to them. Young people should be able to start talking to each other now. Along with the elders. Hüksamani, his boxi mututaman. Huma. Hega skitama suigi. Taas kootsu omak. When you go fasting, you're taking one more step. That's a baby step into your culture. You take one more step. One more step. That's how it goes me, me, me, European education. And some children are very gifted. Some children are born with that intelligence.  Those kind of things, shouldn't it? Should go back to it while you're learning the European system too. Go back to your fasting so you can understand the true meaning. Of what you want the school for. Maga. Taas kootsu omak, that are not privileged in that form. Try and always include them there. It's not going to be easy. Maga as you go. Please, I want to talk. I want to say you deserve to learn your culture if you are done with your school. Learn your culture. Learn that intelligence that people had long time ago. Even as a woman. When I became, the first time when I became a woman, when I began having my moons, my gocom took me in a bus. She kept me there for eight days until I was clean. When we got back to my parents' house, there was a wooden lodge there and that's where she set me. She told me, you sit over there. She sat by the door.  She used to have a little bundle here. That's where she used to put her pipe. I didn't know my grandmother had a little hunting knife about this big, this long. And she sat me there. She said, what I want to say to you is going to really hurt you. But if you're going to be mad at me, she said, she looked in there. She took out her knife and she staked it there.  Because I do not want to live with your anger. That's what she told me. And she started telling me a lot about being a woman. My breasts were made to feed my children. I have that natural gift from the greater. I have the natural gift of a womb where my children are going to be. They're going to be living in water for nine months. That's what she told me. She told me everything there. I started to cry.  Gokom.


And so without much I do, I'd like to welcome Leon to then make the next recap. Thank you. Thank you so much, Victor, and thank you, Mark. It's a difficult act to follow there. But I'd really like to, firstly, thank everyone who's remained online. We've still got some exciting, an exciting session to close. And I'd just like to spend a few minutes recapping over the last few days. So we've spent the best part of three days on a journey through the One Health landscape in Kenya. And during that time, we've so far welcomed over 1,300 unique online participants into our event, which is really exciting. And we hope that everyone's found this a great opportunity to get to know more about One Health in general and within the Kenyan context specifically. So we embarked upon this journey to both showcase what was going on in the country and also to understand how we could improve our practice. And I think we can be quite confident that we have succeeded on those two objectives. We really are a bit more clear, not that the journey has ended, but we're more clear on our destination and what are the next milestones that we have to have to hit. So in day one, we got a flavor of the many and varied One Health activities going on, specifically in research, and we were able to identify through those some best practice. This was really strongly drawn out as the ability to work in multi-disciplinary teams to draw in new disciplines who have previously been maybe underrepresented in the One Health space and ensuring community engagement throughout the research process. We were reminded of the importance of undertaking world-leading cutting-edge research. And this, you know, I think it's good to reflect. We were very privileged to be joined for a keynote by the Royal Society Africa Prize winner, Professor George Waringway. He has built on his veterinary background in the field of vaccinology and uses the One Health, One Medicine approach to work on multi-species vaccines for RVF. The high degree of scientific rigor and endeavor that he brings to this is a really clear indication of the need for us to maintain our disciplinary depth. We're not talking about producing One Health generalists here. We're talking about producing specialists who are able to reach out and cross boundaries and talk to each other. That was a theme that was echoed again and again. And so we saw from our audience participation on mentee, people see the defining feature of One Health as being collaborative, being transdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, integrative. This came up in our speakers from our audience and was reflected in many sessions. So our panel yesterday on education really sort of spoke to this clearly. So they gave some examples of different programs which are teaching people to be able to work in this multidisciplinary way. Our colleague Margaret Karembu from ISA talked about the need for us to learn each other's language, to have a One Health glossary to allow us to collaborate better. And it came up very clearly that the so-called soft skills of communication are actually a One Health core competency. So talking of core competencies, it was really fabulous to hear from our gender specialist yesterday. And I think everyone will agree that Professor Helen Amaguni was really inspirational in the way she talked us through the need to acknowledge, address and transform the inequities we see around us. And her keynote was followed up by two really clear examples of how gender was brought practically into One Health research using a food safety and an RVF example. So I think we can take from this some really great ideas about how we incorporate that going forward. So from the opening remarks of Illry DG Director General Jimmy Smith onwards, another reoccurring theme was the lack of appropriate resource to One Health. This is a real, a very real challenge and Mark Nuninghi has just alluded to it as well. And we hope that we'll come back to that in our policy session later this afternoon. But it speaks also to the comment that was made by Professor Dele yesterday. He remarked that we need to find new ways of rewarding collaborative work. So we understand how to reward sort of maybe the faster pace of work that happens when you're working in one discipline. But acknowledging that building collaborations, building networks of trusting individuals takes longer, we need our funding cycle to acknowledge that length of process. And it was nice to see yesterday again the African proverb, proper go fast, go alone if you want to go far, go together. And that's a guiding principle and we need to make sure that our funders acknowledge that. The importance of this communication and collaboration was reflected again today in our presentation. So we had presentations that talk to the need to communicate with communities. So that was brought up in the control of Brucellosis and rabies. And we've also seen today a great example of One Health in practice at the county level with our veterinary and our public health colleagues working together on a foodborne disease outbreak. We're really happy. Again, I'm going to allude to Mark Neningi to have him here today to give us that overview of the of the policy landscape here. And he also brought in some really exciting messages about bringing in new disciplines into the Zoonotic Disease Unit and the County One Health units in Kenya. And it was great to look at the Ugandan example of how many disciplines have really been brought in there for the One Health platform. We also, I also noted, Mark, that you spoke to the importance of needing those subject matter experts to be guiding. Again, reflecting that need for us to retain the depth in what we do whilst we build our bridges. And our audience have told us consistently that they are on a One Health journey with us and they want to become better One Health practitioners. I think we've seen consistently through the comments, the conversations in the chat, a lot of passion, a lot of persistence and a desire to do better. So I really hope that the last few days have given everybody the energy and the inspiration to take these messages forward into their work. And I certainly will be hoping to do better in in One Health from now on.


We're gathered here today to talk about the future of tourism and digital transformation. We've pulled together some of the young innovators in this space that are doing things like working with crypto or digital currency, working in virtual reality and augmented reality, thinking about new tourism distribution platforms online and we're really excited to begin this conversation and talk about the future of tourism and digital transformation. My research focuses more on virtual reality. If you think about virtual reality as an advancement from video, for example, I'm trying to empirically measure how much more effective it is. Well, I feel that AR is a really interesting thing that's going on in the tourism and issue space right now because it adds on to what is available physically and adds on something else extra for the consumer to experience. So that's what makes it special for me. All the advancements that are happening now that I can see, you can turn into opportunities whether you think about Airbnb experiences and them as more competition or them as actually enabling tourism to grow and create better experiences and better destinations. Masterism is affecting a lot of environments and a lot of culture, a lot of social structures and everything. So I think the introduction of VR and AR technology can really give people the experience they want without damaging the environment or having an effect on people's way of life. Trouble by Bit is a digital currency payment processor. We enable any business to take payments in cryptocurrency, but we focus on the travel sector. So anyone now from anywhere in the world can make payments to anyone through our payment platform.


So, like last week's drone zone, I'm here, I am on mic, but I'll keep quiet most of the time just to not interrupt the drones too much, but if you have any questions or comments I will be reading the chat, so yeah, you guys don't need to keep quiet, if that makes sense. And maybe a little bit of context might be useful before we get started because I had questions last time. So this is improvised, I've set up kind of an environment on the two electron boxes so that I kind of know where stuff is and I've got some sort of starting points. But other than these two little patterns that I have pre-prepared, there's nothing else kind of going. The dig attack is playing back some field recordings that I made today. Actually I took my little zoom recorder out and tried to just record the environment a little bit because I thought that would be a nice vibe for this performance. And what I realised in doing that is just how hard it is to find quiet, even in a fairly small town, like where I live. There's constantly road noise and everyone was mowing their lawn and there were helicopters a lot of the time for some reason. I really wanted to record nature, so I went on a walk in my lunch break and nature was drowned out by stuff, human stuff, mechanical stuff. So I thought, well, okay, we'll use that stuff, that's still an interesting sound. So that's going to settle on the dig attacks, I've got stuff set up to loop and I'll just be sort of playing the mixer a bit. But yeah, I'll see what we can end these sounds this evening. The fun thing about improvising drones like this is that I'm usually quite meticulous about how I set things up and the jams that appear on the channel tend to be like third or fourth take. The performance is improvised, but the environment is very sort of predefined and the planning is in place, whereas these hopefully regular Thursday jams are a little more freeform. And although there are some places that maybe I would have avoided with a little more planning, I definitely end up going to places that I just wouldn't do otherwise. So yeah, good fun. Thank you for hanging out in the chat. I was keeping an eye on the chat, but you folks were happily chatting between yourselves and providing advice to one another. So if I'd leave you to it, it makes me very happy to see that that's going on in my chat. So thank you for being ace in the chat. Reverb up really, really high. And also the delay. Reverb go forever. The standard drone endings. And also make the delay overhead sounds like reverb, which is amazing. The pigeon was definitely the main pigeon. The tuned pigeon is my spirit animal.