The number one question on everyone's mind for all the thirsty ladies out there, are you single? I am so excited you guys welcome back to my channel and another two-life series So we have with us delay Williams the author of pants prep You guys oh my if you don't have this book yet You absolutely need to go get it if you're in a PA school if you're trying to get into PA school Go right now to this website It's www.pantsprackpearls.com go right now and get this because this is single-handedly making PAs okay This is like putting PAs out there, and I know I've done quite a few videos Just talking about pants in and of itself and how it's helped me in my studying So this is really exciting being able to talk to you and just get some insight behind it I know everybody wants to Just find out a little bit more about the man behind the book So this is really gonna be a great treat for you guys if you guys have not seen my other two-life series Please go ahead and do so I have a playlist with all of these different two-life series about being minority Owning your own business so you can go check that out on my channel right now. So The number one question on everyone's mind For all the thirsty ladies out there. Are you single? So once the app is done, then I'll have much more time Okay Now that we got that out of the way It's a little like because trust me like everybody wanted to know that Oh wow I was like, well, I mean I saw a picture of you and it looked like you had a wedding ring on so Yeah, some of the girls I was talking to I was like, well, I think he has a wedding ring and they're like, oh man So now you just made people's lives a lot better Tell me a little bit more about you. Tell me about Dwayne Gotcha. So a little fun fact about me is that besides being a PA, I actually do modeling for like streetwear Like high fashion streetwear, so I'm diversifying the things that I get myself into Really born in Panama, so I'm you know, the spanish and Also, you're fluent in Spanish. Yeah, actually spanish is my first language So I'm always thinking my accent's kind of funny because it kind of makes between Spanish English and Caribbean Okay, but uh, you know, so I was raised in New York, so I'm a New Yorker by heart Panama by blood, but still New Yorker, so I love being have always been here Okay, and so that's kind of who I am on the side besides doing the But you were born in Panama. Yeah, I was born that came here when I was about six. Okay. All right So I'm a New Yorker by heart And I heard the little accent coming out so I was like, I don't know if that's like the New York thing Or if it's Caribbean, but that's cool Like a weird hybrid so people I was like, where are you from? They know I'm not from here, but they don't know where exactly Yeah, I wanted to learn another language. Just I still haven't come across doing that yet Do you wear urban streetwear like I'm never like the first time that people always see like the exact opposite of that Okay, okay. I cuz I'm pretty sure everybody just sees white coat. Yeah waves in the hair I think I've seen that picture a couple times waves white coat It's the point where sometimes I like if I'm on the street and I'm like in my regular clothes We will pass me have no idea. That's me. I mean, that's good. That's a benefit That's a benefit. I mean, I would not want to be walking down the street and everybody knows who you are because that I mean I kind of just takes away from your privacy. So in your private life, like, what do you like to do? What do you my biggest thing I do is travel? I love to travel Okay, I love dancing. So I like I'll go out to like clubs and dance. What kind of dancing Spanish hip-hop dancing Or a little bit of everything. Are you so now are you like are you a not necessarily trained? But do you do like dance moves or are you like a club dancer because that's like two different Dancers. Yes, not choreographed. It's all natural That's a club dance She went to LaGuardia school performing arts the family school So actually I trained in vocal but at the time I was going there my girlfriend She's a dancer. So like I would you know, I would cut class be honest I cut class and would like spend some time and hang out with her for a few hours up there And so I was never really for me training dance, but I learned a lot of technique without realize I was learning technique be there So it kind of is like, you know, it's a nice blend between acting dancing and singing So you sing? I used to sing. I mean, I don't know if anybody can say they used to sing Like do you ever lose your vocal talent? Like you can still hold it. Can you still hold a note? I can still hold a note. Church choir. Yes. Okay. I was my director for like many years.  Do you do church hands? I do church hands as well. I do. I want to fish with church more. That's a good thing. Well, that's cool. I mean, these are things that I would have never known just from the Persona that you see on social media and that is that is a hint for some of you guys, okay? Social media isn't all that is cracked up to be so what you see on social media. That's not it So just be aware of that just in general and in your dating life as well Yeah, definitely personal life You can see that social media is pretty much how people want to portray themselves That's kind of the story that they put out there, but it could be very different when you meet them in person.  All right after this and you when you hit him up for a book You've come with your a game. That's right That was Dwayne outside of pans prep pearls you guys But now we're going to get to Dwayne inside behind pans prep pearls Um, so we're gonna just have the questions. He's gonna be here I'm gonna step on out and I'll see you guys at the end of this. Somebody's getting pans prep And not only are you getting pans prep pearls, but you are getting a signed copy of y'all getting this brand new copy Fresh and it's gonna be signed by Dwayne right now And he's gonna put a little something special in it for you. Um, so just be sure to read it Like it's not for everybody That's for somebody special You are not a warrior you are a warrior Okay, this is a gift from Dwayne from one of you guys so be ready for this the The details of the giveaway will be down below. I'll put that in the description box down below So, uh, just don't forget to go like there and see how you can win this Hi, my name is Dwayne a williams author of pans prep pearls and this is my true life Pearl to me is the ultimate study guide. It's more than just appearing for the pants I designed the book so that's helpful for all three years of PA education So for your didactic year is great for studying for exams In the different fields For clinical years also great because um as a preceptor There are certain times that there are things that we would pimp you guys on And for those who don't know what pimping is as preceptors We kind of like hay students and say like what's the most common cause of cupan cutitis And there's certain things you just have to know on rotations And so what I did with the book was I put those things in bold and italicized So that way students can know that these are things that I need to know about the disorder So that they can kind of excel on their rotations and of course ultimately to basically pass the pants So it's more than just a prep for the pants But again kind of like an ultimate study guide for PA school in general Uh, so I kind of was like a tongue twister But the idea was again, I wanted people to know that it was for the pants But I also wanted to make some people know that it was like all the things that you need to know Without the fluff. So these are just like pearls. These are the most important things to know You know, I think sometimes when we're studying a lot of information We kind of don't know what's the things that are most important What are the take home points? And so I try to like basically put those pearls in there So you know that if I don't know anything about the disease I definitely will know these high yield points So that way you can kind of know all the stuff you need for the exam itself So basically I was uh, I would do like basically board prep for different students Kind of like on a private session And my notes were very distinct that I would hand out to the students And then one day I was on the train And I bought like 10 students had these notes And my notes are very characteristics with the bold and italicized Those who use the book know exactly what I'm talking about I kind of highlight certain things in a certain way And but the thing was that they weren't my students And so I said would you guys get this from They said wow this you know these notes are really helping me to do well in this exam And so that's when I realized that I had an idea about Writing a book that could help other people Because not only students that I was working with was helping But it was helping many other people as well The process of writing a book however, you know with me not knowing I was going to write a book I had no idea how to write a book That's like YouTube and Google kind of like the idea of how to be an author And then when I finally wrote the book And I went to different companies to publish it A lot of them were like well it's very different than the traditional book Which is the reason why I wrote the book Because I want it to be very different I study very differently and when books are kind of boring and looking the exact same I kind of get bored with it And so I wanted to go for a different look And a lot of companies didn't want to kind of take that chance With the different type of book And so what I decided to do was just do self-publishing and just do it myself Which ended up being better for me because I had more control over the book I had more control of how I presented my material And to do it my way and it was kind of a great thing to be able to do There were so many times when I started the book process and said look I just Should I do this? I think the first step was kind of again not being an author And kind of want to do something that was very different and was already out there You know I kind of wanted to go with the deciding to kind of make the book Almost like if you put all your notes together In one area that's what the book was going to be like So I didn't want it to be a traditional textbook So I think trying to basically make it more authentic was one challenge alone Teaching medicine making standardize but still making it more More like a user friendly more student friendly was the first challenge And then pretty much the book is kind of like a one-man show Like I wrote all the stuff in the book I kind of edited the book myself I kind of got the photos I kind of basically did Pretty much did everything index all of this stuff I did myself And so that was a big challenge because again it was like Making all the different pieces fit together at the same time was kind of difficult And then even with that I remember when I was trying to like publish it It was just a lot of process with that as well And people were like well, you know, you're not a known author And so you want to have that challenge of no one wanted to buy your book I think I think that a lot of those challenges Were very difficult for me in the beginning But then I just felt like I had something in me that I had to put out there And I said no one buys a book that's fine But at least I've made that effort to put out what I felt in my heart Was different out there and the best book for me You know, sometimes I learn in life that sometimes you're in a process of doing something And you don't really have an idea that you're on that process I mean I've been teaching now for 16 years And so I would teach different courses And I kind of had like my notes that were very specific And not really that I was making a book But I kind of was making a book in that process And then once I decided to make the book, it's kind of when I put all of it together But it was pretty much I kind of sacrificed friends, family, relationship Hence why I'm single now Because again, it was a lot of, you know, it was very intense Kind of basically put a 500 page medical book together by yourself And edited and all that stuff like that And so, but I was really passionate about it And so because I was so passionate about it I kind of just put all my time and energy into doing it So, like I said, I had the notes from before Not necessarily in the kind of a book form So once I decided to actually go forth and make the book It took me about two and a half years to kind of fully put it all together In book form and kind of go through the editing process I think that that was the biggest challenge, like I said Just trying to put it all together to make it all cohesive And very easy to use You know, ironically I didn't think it was going to be this big The real idea behind writing the book besides helping students out Was that I actually wanted to do border view courses Because I felt like I was really good at doing border view courses But I didn't really have the credentials And you know, I didn't, you know, I wasn't at the time I wasn't a full-time faculty on any school And I didn't really have anything to say Well, I am an author, you know To basically say that I can do a border view course And so the book was kind of like a means to an end I was trying to write the book to that later on When I did border view courses I can say, look, this is the author of this book So therefore you should come to the border view course And so pretty much I wrote it, like I said I went through self-publishing So I didn't really have a good marketing team It pretty much was just me and my manager But I pretty much used social media and Instagram I created a hashtag which everyone knows now is PPPwarriors So that people who did use the book Could feel like they were part of a community But I definitely didn't think it was going to be Like number one on Amazon I definitely didn't think, as some people call it The Page School Bible It's kind of amazing to me the process that I went through And seeing how the book has grown And helping so many people out in terms of It's usefulness and it's impactfulness in the profession Both not only for students But also for people who are practicing as well But I'm happy about it though It's a great thing So I'm excited about it And there's much more to come Yeah, so Passport Pearls is my personal Baby is my favorite of all of my three books I'm not gonna lie It's kind of like the one that started everything off It was one that was my hardest challenge But in addition to the Passport Pearls I do have a pants and panty question book It's kind of like 600 pant style questions What's good about it is almost like There's a proverb in the Bible that says If you give a man a fish, you feed him for a day If you teach him how to fish, you feed him for a lifetime And so what my question book teaches you Is kind of how to think as a strategist In terms of taking an exam And how to think through a question And know how to pick out what's right in the question When you're down to two choices, you're not really sure So that's my other baby The third one is what's called The Ultimate Medical Pneumonic Comic Book It's kind of a fun way to study It's kind of basically taking mnemonics To kind of help you to remember those much difficult topics Also have an app called FlipMed Which is kind of like when you want to study to go You kind of basically like look at different topics It's doing really well right now And next month, I'm actually very excited About this new project Which is going to be the pants and pants question app It's going to be basically 2000 pant style questions But you can create an exam So let's say you study for cardiology In your first year And you want to just basically study cardiology questions You can pretty much create your exam And it will kind of find your weaknesses And kind of help to improve your strengths as well So that's kind of like my newest baby That I'm very excited about So right now I'm a full-time I'm the director of Daptic Education At the Long Island University program I'm also teach as an adjunct faculty For the Wild Cornell PA program As well as go to different schools I do guest lectures at schools So any school that wants to come Reach out to me I'll definitely come to your school And you know Share with you my pearls And things like that of life But teaching is really my biggest passion now Medicine is my passion It's kind of what got me to this place But I feel like I have a gift In terms of making difficult things simpler And so I've kind of been following that gift of teaching With board of view courses And also with teaching clinical medicine And so my passion really is teaching And showing students that medicine is really not as bad As it seems or as daunting as it seems Once you have a strategy on how to approach medicine So I work with the P's So when you're learning the disease You should first start with the pathophys of the disease You know how does that disease present Based upon that pathophys You know how would you pick up the disease On testing based upon the pathophys And then how do you treat it Which ultimately reverse the pathophys So if you kind of understand that one disease in one line Pretty much everything about that disease Will help to follow You can kind of basically put all that information Into a very small box And therefore be able to easily access that box Whenever you need it So teaching is my biggest passion right now I love teaching I love being around students I love when students get that aha moment Like ah it makes sense That's kind of what makes me feel really good inside And warm and fuzzy so to speak The first thing I would talk about The biggest thing I learned is one is that Don't let anything stand in the way of your dreams Most importantly yourself You know when I decided to write the book I kind of doubted I said you know I'm not an author you know No one knows who I am I'm self publishing the book And I went through the stumbling block of Of doing that as well But I never gave up on myself And I said you know what I really believe in the product that I have And I believe that people will end up Gravitating towards it as well I remember actually when I first put the book out And no one knew the book I remember going to this one school And trying to basically pedal the book So I had my book and I said look No one knows about this book But it's going to become decent in medicine And I remember the director of that program Kind of looked at me and was like What school you go to and I explained And he said you know Does anyone know this book and Basically basically told me They don't want to use the book Because it's kind of like a new book And it's not really tried and tested yet And my goal was I said you know what Next year I'm going to come back to the school And all of this will have it It's going to force this director To kind of like basically buy the book And ironically a year later All of this ended up buying the book The director of that program Ended up coming to me and saying Look actually use it to pass my recertification And to me that was like a big moment for me Because it was the first time that I tried to basically Sell this book and it was pretty much denied And said no you know They didn't want to believe in the book And then the director ended up Not only believe in the book But using it as herself to pass Her recertification exam And so it taught me one is that You have to believe in yourself more than anything else And never let anything or anyone Including yourself stop you from your goal If you believe in yourself and you have a goal Follow the way through Don't stop just because things are going to mess up Things are going to naturally mess up anyway But if you believe in yourself And you're a warrior You're going to always win The second biggest thing I would say is You have to have tough skin No one's going to love everything that you do You know as much as people love Pants but Pearl There are people who hate it or don't really like it And for me it was a big struggle first When you know you get those five stars You're like excited when you get that first one star It's like it's devastating to you Because you're like wow this is my baby And someone hates it But one it teaches you that one That not everyone's going to love it But for those who For every five that hate it There's a hundred who love it And you're helping other people out And so you can't let the haters Sort of quote unquote stop you from Doing what you want to love to do Because that's the most important component of it It's a blessing beyond words for me One because of the fact that Not only am I inspiring PAs But like a lot of my friends I have a few friends of mine Actually one of them is my manager Pamela Bodley Who after she saw me write books She decided to write three books of her own A lot of my friends have decided to become authors Because they saw me go through that process They saw me struggle They also saw how I triumphed at the end of it And so I've not only inspired people to write Medical stuff but also people to kind of Basically go through their own businesses as well One of my little brothers he actually decided To do a candle business because he saw What I went through with my business And so it's been a blessing to be able to Not only reach the people that I don't know But also the people that I'm surrounded by To inspire them to kind of follow their dreams I think many people have dreams And they're kind of so scared of What would happen if it actually comes true Although you want it to come true You're kind of really scared about that And I think that when people see that someone Has done it and gone through that process It gives them that inspiration Also like when students say to me That I've failed the boards a few times And your books or your products have helped me Become have passed That's a blessing because not only Am I now helping that student But I'm helping the patients that the students will see So it can become a lot of times In a sense I can be at home or hanging out And someone will walk up to me and ask me questions About like medicine when I'm not In the mind state speaking about medicine But despite that I've been able to travel across The country doing stuff I've traveled across the world doing stuff Related to the books and stuff like that And so it's been a blessing for me Just meeting people and hearing stories Of how the book has helped them become better students And ultimately better clinicians And also making people realize That they can follow their dreams And that you can have no backing No major publishing company And become the number one in whatever Is that you do as well So it's been a blessing to me It's also made me become a better person Because now I realize that I just can't put out a mediocre product People rely on it And so I have to put out my all and my best So it's been a blessing not only to people But also to me as well It's made me a better person Besides making other people better clinicians And better people I mean one of the reasons that I use the hashtag PPP Warriors to kind of basically Address my followers and people that appreciate the book Is because I believe Warriors are very powerful And so I didn't just want to just say PPP Pearls or whatever It was more Warriors because when I think about What a warrior is A warrior is fighting a battle Every day they're fighting a battle And a warrior gets wounded They get worried They get tired But the warrior always continues to fight Because they know that They're going to always win at the end of the day May lose some battles along the way But you're going to win the war at the end of the day I think that PA school Looking at back at my entire life You know this book was the hardest book That I ever wrote of all the three books But looking at life Looking at the books Looking at the products Nothing was as hard as PA school itself was You're learning all of medicine Literally in two years You're away from your friends Your family Dealing with your own personal things It's the hardest thing you'll ever do in your life But when you get on the other side of it It's going to be one of the most rewarding things The thing about it is you have to keep going You know You have those breaks in between Take those breaks kind of recharge your battery Know that you know You were chosen out of a thousand people who applied to that school You got that seat Which means that there's something in you That people saw That they realized that you have what it takes to do it You have to realize that even when you're tired Even when you're wounded Even when you're weary Remember that you're not a warrior That you're a warrior You can actually win this war But you have to fight it Even when you're tired You just have to get up Lick your wounds and continue to fight But know that you have something inside of you That the world is waiting on And when you know that the world is waiting on it You kind of can't allow yourself to let your depression Let your worries kind of hold you back from it Because the world is waiting on you to be great Because you are great Thank you so much I don't know if I'm supposed to call you Mr. Williams Or Wayne Everyone calls me Wayne Thank you Thank you so much for doing this I learned a lot I took away from it Like one of the most kind of just memorable things that you said Was you're not a warrior Because I had to take a minute y'all Because he talks a little fast So I had to take a minute and be like What was that? You're not a warrior Like you're not worried You're a warrior So that was really deep to me I like the wordplay And I mean it's hard You know when you're in PA school You do worry a lot You worry about your grades And how many tests you have coming up And how you're going to pass this How you're going to write this note That kind of thing So just being able to understand That you have to keep pushing through it And be a warrior And fight through it And overcome Like that's inspiring And that's really beneficial to me Especially because I only have a couple weeks left Till I get into clinical Y'all in second year of PA school So I'm really excited about that Thank you so much Again if you guys have not already Like I don't know if you guys caused this video And you went and you bought this book But you should have And if you haven't go right now to www.panspreppros.com Get this book It's really helpful It's really beneficial y'all And also get um You know look at his other products as well And see if there's anything else that you might Benefit from I know a lot of people Benefit from the medical mnemonic books So go ahead and cop that one too If you have the funds to do so Tell them about the app Tell them about the app Oh yes and it's coming out June 2018 you said What is it called? Pansprep app Okay Pansprep app But I do have FlipMed app Out that's currently out right now as well Okay So he has two apps he got Guys the FlipMed So get that June 2018 It's coming out Um go support him He is single handedly No say poor single Hey guys he's helping us pass Go support him Again I really really want to thank you for this And thank you guys so much for watching this If you want to reach out to Dwayne He does have an Instagram What's your Instagram handle So where they could reach you Sure it's pants underscore prep underscore pearls Okay Our original right So go hit him up at pants underscore prep underscore You can send him an email at the website as well Where you can buy the books And um just you know You can ask him a couple questions Not when he's out eating Okay you guys respect his privacy It's not that time Let him eat his stated peace But um other than that uh we had a great time Had an amazing time I'm really excited I'm glad that you guys got to learn a little bit more About Mr. Williams Dwayne And just see what he's about And the whole process about following his dreams To make pants prep pearls And the Dwayne Williams empire come to fruition Again if you haven't already done so Go hit up my other true life series And thank you guys so much for watching Be a warrior Not a worrier you guys um stick to it You guys can make it And I will talk to you guys next time Um you know honestly I was so impressed by You know what God is doing For a few reasons One because I remember when I was in PA school I could barely have time to brush my teeth Much less do anything else Um so the fact that you're able to do All that you're doing while being in PA school I think it's it's amazing that alone Um two is that I think that our profession You know it's only 50 years old Which may seem like a long time But it's really not You know in terms of our profession is growing Leaps and bounds Um and there are certain things that Are what I call gaps In terms of whether it be gaps in education Or gaps in things that are Or things that are in place That are not there right now And I think you're basically creating Uh a niche for yourself For a place that's really needed I'm great in terms of board review stuff And medicine But I was I graduated 16 years ago So that process of going through PA school And trying to apply I don't really know what that's like anymore And I think most people who are Practicing don't really know what that's like So for you to take what your experience is And using that your trials now to become a triumph And also to basically help other people out I honestly think it's inspiring even to me Who's on the other side You know because it takes a lot to do that It takes a lot to basically follow your passion To believe in yourself despite people You know saying to you whether They like what you're doing or not Like what you're doing to kind of continue to do that I think it's it's inspiring I would say that Do what you're doing because The world is also waiting on you for it as well Well thank you Thank you I feel I feel super inspired right now to continue I really appreciate that Like it's cool hearing it from you Because you know like I read your book all of us every day While I'm studying So that's really that's really cool Especially because for me like I know that When even with the book Like when I was writing the book Like I said you know I There was I didn't have a major publishing company I didn't have any of those things in place And I kind of almost had to like Say to myself you know you can do this You know I didn't really have anyone Show me that it's possible I had to believe it So being on the other side now Seeing you doing it And just saying like no you can do this And know that you can do it It's it's you know it's a blessing Well thank you I really appreciate that I really appreciate that And I'm excited to see how much It's going to grow for you and you know I mean I'm excited too But I'm just trying to pass PA's first That's right First things first Let me get the C at the end of my PA's That's right Not a C in the exam but a C in the exam No at the end of my PA's C That's right Yeah dive a little bit more as to More deeper as to That's that's like the surface But what's a little like What's a little bit more Story behind why you wanted to make it Like you saw that But even when you got the idea What was next like It was like how long did it take you to really Turn that thought into like I'm really going to do this I guess give us a little bit more story Sure To behind that Oh just Can you explain the question one more time Just so He looks so his face He looks so sad He was sure about it He was like yeah sure


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports guards have been 23 top museum collection baseball hobby six-box half case break number 31 pick a team stop read off list for names their teams got bill H with the Orioles Brian P. Braves can with the Rangers C Chang D-backs Chris J. Phillies David G. Blue Jays Derek P. Pirates Rays and Nationals Edward P. Astros Dodgers Eric M. Metz Jack S. Reds Jared. Oh Giants John W. White Sox Jonathan G Yankees Mariners Angels Josh W. Guardians Josh would W with the Reds Red Sox Justin S. Rockies A's Kansuki K with the Padres Larry Tigers Cardinals Michael B. With the Cubs Nick B. Brewer Sean P. Royals Timothy M. Marlins and Tony K with the twins so Good luck No, I feel that I feel that I ended up buying GTA twice One for the 360 and then I eventually got it for the one But now I feel that that was that I'm sure that was a marketing plan from them Ha, we got you Yep, they knew what they were doing. Oh, yeah, Matt McLean to 299 for the Reds SSS tricky days. Hell, yeah Dolos Garcia nice one there for the Rangers and and 44 of 75 Alondro Kirk nice one there That's the Like who's not in it then Devin? Rizzo Springer and Fergie Jenkins to 299 for the Cubs Fergie on the on-card not bad. Not too shabby at all say a blue Cedric Mullins to 150 The O's and Boba Shep to 50. I just won there again for the Lugins. He's doing well. Beau Floats Randy Johnson Freeman Yelich and redepters to 299 not bad for the Angels game used Jersey autos Mark with Tennessee volunteers off the board now in Bumper from University and really just Colorado outside of Colorado. Everything is pretty affordable Oregon might still be up to if I'm not mistaken Could be wrong. I might be wrong about that actually Aha, I got you all Jokes Tatis Yelich and that is hobby bias Miguel Cabrera dual 16 to 50 man. What a How far away on the spectrum can you get on that one? Future Hall of Famer Yeah Spencer's boy, dude, he loves hobby bias He said he said and I quote we should have paid hobby bias more Carlos Korea to 99 Yuri and Joe Musgrove nice one there to 99 Nice one there congrats on that one Dan picking up a couple of mixer spots and Travis picking up the A's in dual case tomorrow By his worth Rindon money Yeah, no, you're never gonna with all the nonsense you like to do Yeah, Spencer, you are not escaping. No, you're not escaping hobby bias to 299 Oscar Coloss We got a redemption coming up as well everybody that is gonna be dual on-card autograph Okay, okay of You lawyer men as okay and Frank Thomas Last team taking White Sox Congrats on that That was John W. I believe John W. Congrats, brother. That's sweet For the White Sox very cool. Love those duals first rule I pulled this year so far. So that'll work I don't work place Plays big time right there Who had a better record last year that is a Sean Murphy for the Braves All right, we got that's trout Acuna Jera. That's kind of nasty and you got to own three of the four Braves Brian P angels Jonathan G Mariners Jonathan G and Dodgers is I think Edward has them Yeah, so nobody owns majority Jonathan has two of the four teams So John, then you will have obviously by default two entries in the random instead of one Yes, I have played crazy taxi. That was like the classic like bowling alley game That game was fun Yep, I was like the more tame GTA True true very true Corbin Carroll 150 nice one there Breckman and Katel Martek to 41 to 50 nice one d-backs Kitell The taco fracter winner Yeah, Kitell Marta That's Hapa And we'll smith 14 of 20 For the Dodgers nice one there Dodgers See you Bobby Whitt to 299 Raffy Devers, that's gonna be another do a lot of Ortiz and Casas Three of 15 to dual autos. Let's go man That is going to Joshua W. Why congrats brother? That's nasty three of 15 live and on card Get that into a mad congrats on that very nice Yeah, socks do really always hit in there. So the Braves man Braves are Like untouchable in this Cunha Clayton Kershaw nice 71 to 75 for the Dodgers Dodgers killing it too, man I don't know if those counts case hits or not. I don't know maybe so what's everyone having for lunch and chat? He killed so far anyone having anything good and chat Bobby Whitt to 15 for the Royals Yeah, what are we doing for lunch everybody I kind of what's everybody's like I kind of like see second back question Steve is Mickey Adley and another Bobby Whitt 13 to 15 to Bobby Whitt autos in one box not not bad That'll work from looks like City Connect and then the powder blue That dude just killing it in life. There's Randy Johnson to 150 Duke Snyder Tom Clavin. That's nasty six and 20 on the three-color patch One of the greats right there. Oh, we walk exactly exactly Well said so you know, it's always a pretty decent fallback. What type of cereal though also true That's the question Very dependent gold machado to 299 and alvarez and Matt Chapman to 25 Lou Jays Very game use there's in Canada. Canada day. There's these in that as well I think there's a frame in here. I don't know or maybe not a frame something It's something in there. You will do that one left Frosted many weeks. Yeah, that's not terrible. Volpe to 150 Bob Gibson, let's go Gabby Moreno 25 superstar showpieces Arizona These are nice man. These are really nice. The checklist is very good on this as well on card Take that Yeah, yeah the design super clean show it Yuri and Quad for the Cardinals Wayno, Yachty, Lou Brock and Nolan Aronato to 75 nice one there. There you go Mr. Larry with that one Such a mullins to 299 for the Orioles Miss Gabby right now. I know Christian Yelich and Ozzie Smith the wizard for the Cardinals to 199.  Yeah, and for some of the definitive for some of the really nice patches They put city connections. We pulled a big snow that had like pink on it and green There's some there's some in here with city like Haas is a lot of his or city connect wit We saw a city connect. Yeah, Gabby Moreno that will Smith might have been city connect J rod to 25 Tony Gwen, that's awesome. Congrats Padres. Love me some Tony Quinn There's Sarah mr. Padre Wanda That is a Nolan Gorman and Nice one here to 25 Johnny Bench Grats on that one Reds. I work Reds. Always do fairly well on this as well Either Nicholas picking up two spots in the moment or no select mixer and Michael B with Colorado in Florida State Thank You Michael. Let's go down to seven to go on that Michael. Thank you sir Nicholas also. Thank you, sir lost Ret baby Yoshida and Alejandro Kirk 36 of 50 Jersey Auto for the DJs All right quick recap here everybody start with your jerseys Thank you, sir. Oh, we have to do that random too. Uh, hold on. Let me do the random first Again the four-way random I get that set up. Hello, Jayce Jayce Got Steve here today Steve for views Braves Alright doing the Random for the quad relic Dodgers mookie bats angels Mike Trout J rod with the Mariners and Acuña with the bravos Gonna go a total of ten times on this one one Two three four five six seven eight nine and ten go to the angels scratch angels Stevie page views Angels click recap now Quad for the Cardinals that is Clayton Kershaw Alejandro Kirk Matt Chapman Joe Musgrove Duel of Miggy and Javi Boba Shet John Carlos Stanton Tony Gwynn to 20 will Smith and to 20 Tom Glavin patch And autos we had the redemption of dual auto Eloy and Frank Thomas Fergie Jenkins, that's Johnny Bench Gavin Moreno Bobby Witt Joe Musgrove redepners Ozzie Smith That is Alejandro Kirk a Catelle Marta Bobby Witt Jr. To 15 and then the duel of big poppy and Tristan Goss is live three of 15 Do for the break everybody. Thanks again for the filp up next is number 32


Hi, this is Jessica Hegman with the Ohio University Libraries. In this video, I'm going to show you how to set up Google Scholar so that when you do a search, it will also show you links to those articles as they're available through the Ohio University Libraries. When you get to Google Scholar, click on the Settings link on the upper right hand side of the page and then go to the Library Links section on the left side. Here, you need to enter Ohio University and click Finds Library. The first option should be Ohio University Libraries, Find It at Ohio University. So check the box and then click Save to save your settings. So now I'm going to do a search for a topic like public speaking. I should see the Find It link for articles. So let's look at this one, Cardio, Fascular, and Neuro-Ending Adjustment to Public Speaking. I see the Find It link here. And so it's gone down to search to see if we have a subscription through the libraries and we do. The full text is available via EBSCO Host Smart Links, so I click on that link and it takes me into an EBSCO database where we have the full text of this article. Here is a link for PDF full text. If you have any questions about finding the full text of the article or finding any other information, remember that you can always go back to the Ohio Libraries homepage and use the Ask Us pop-up to chat with the librarian or you can click on the Need Help link for other ways to get in touch with us. I hope this video was helpful. If you have any questions about Google Scholar or finding any other information, be sure to let us know.


Our last speaker is Simon Phipps. Thank you very much. Well, thank you for staying to the end of the afternoon. I appreciate that.  And the talk is called Don't Send an Engineer to Do a Lawyer's Job. This was inspired by a thread on the Apache legal mailing list in 2015. And in this thread, somebody came onto the mailing list with a request on behalf of their company. And to my eyes, at least, this thread embodied every single thing that an experienced lawyer who was coming into free and open source communities for the first time should absolutely not do. And so I've read through it, and I've riffed on that theme and put together for you a set of lessons, really, that are drawn from my experiences of watching repeated encounters with communities by legal staff and by the engineers who are supported by that legal stuff. It's not intended as a criticism of the company, and so I've not named the company that's involved. There is one person in the room who already knows who that company is, which is Fontana down here, because he made a critical comment during the conversation. So I've warned him that he's in the presentation, and he's sworn to secrecy over who the company actually is. I've got to give disclaimers, so other approaches are possible. May include nuts. I'm not a lawyer and could plausibly play one on television. There is another problem with this presentation, which is I couldn't come up conceivably with any pretty pictures to put up, so there are instead gratuitous cat pictures during the presentation. I'd introduce here this is Poppy, our cat, and this is Ophelia, and they'll pop up during the presentation just to make it less boring. So the background to the talk, in this thread on Apache Legal, a representative of a very well-known company that was already active in the Apache community showed up and asked for some variations to some of Apache's standard terms. Now, if you're at all involved in the Apache Software Foundation, you'll know that showing up and asking for variations to terms is not a great way to make yourself popular. So this company had sent one of their Apache member staff, somebody with an Apache.org email address, to make sure that they had as much stature as possible in the conversation. It turned out once we dug into it that the changes they wanted to make related to patent rights. And the writer of the thread is apparently a member of the open source team at the company and appears, strongly appears, to be following directions from legal counsel. But the legal counsel involved never shows up on the thread. And we never find out who that person is. It's also likely that this is not an example of their previous behavior or of their later behavior. But one of the messages in the thread indicates a new general counsel had recently been appointed at the company. And it looks extremely likely that this whole move was at the direction of that new general counsel who had just come in from an extremely notoriously toxic corporation that should also remain unnamed and clearly had limited experience of dealing with communities of any kind, least of all open source communities. So that's the background for you. In the initial email, the engineer brought in a legal agreement for Apache to consider changing their software grant agreement. They wanted to put a new project into the Apache incubator. And evidently, they downloaded the standard SGA and the legal counsel had read through it and said, these terms aren't quite right. Please, could you go get Apache to change them for us? And they had drafted a completely new version of the SGA and attached to the email, the initial email in the thread, there was this new SGA. And we'll say more about that in a moment. So I would like to suggest to you that any community that has got legal documents has got those legal documents to create a set of freedoms and to create an environment of certainty for the people who are contributing to the project. And those legal agreements create that certainty. And they are usually a consensus activity.  And that's the reason you will get rejected.  It's because they've already done this and you weren't there and now you're coming in and trying to open the old issue again. And so they will typically push you away if you try and do that. If you do find a bug in an agreement, well, that's great. But raise it sometime when it's not urgent. Raise it when people are going to be happier about talking about it. OK, click. Oh, this is exciting. I mean, let's have Ophelia back again. So the next thing they did was they attached the document. And the document didn't have a red line. So there was no information saying what they had changed in the document. There was also no narrative about the changes explaining what changes had been made. And there was also no justification for the changes. Now, as you know, open source communities are really not excited about being given very large dumps of fater-complete work and being asked to merge them in with the source code. And the same applies to legal documents. That environment of consensus and certainty should not be modified by a completely new version that appears from the ether. And consequently, I would say that combining a large dump of change and a lack of rationale is probably the very best recipe to make yourself unpopular in a community. And unfortunately, this person did both. Just as a side note, this whole phrase, here's a special agreement we need you to sign, which normally goes along with an NDA or something, is another really great way to get yourself out of favor in a community. Now, to explain why that is, an open source community is a multilateral environment. There are many parties involved, and they have multilaterally reached agreements. And that multilateral state is actually what creates the freedom. And as soon as you enter into that multilateral environment and start creating one-to-one bilateral relationships, you undermine the whole community's freedom. And you do that for two reasons. First of all, you create contexts where some people are not permitted to participate. And secondly, you create an instrument of power for the party creating the agreement because they can threaten to modify it or to withdraw it at any time as a sanction for behavior that isn't required. So any kind of agreement that is bilateral being imposed within a community which is multilateral is automatically going to be considered bad, whether it's an NDA, whether it is some kind of a software licensing grant, whether it is a patent license. Anything bilateral is going to be rejected. And it's a really bad idea to bring it into the community. The engineer who came in also indicated that, really, this wasn't his thing. And he came in with lots of cut and paste sections that had clearly come from an internal email. And one imagines that he received an email with little bars around it saying, you can make this bit public. And so he cuts and pastes and sticks it in the message and sends it off to Apache. And while it's inevitable that there will be people in your company who you need to bring to consensus before you can act with a community, it's really a bad idea to send into the community to negotiate a powerless proxy. And that applies to code contributions as well as it applies to engagements over administration or over legal agreements. If your company has been thinking of having an open source department that will have all the people who face the open source community and what they will do is submit code on behalf of the real developers who live in secret in a back room, that's not going to work. And you know that's not going to work. Well, it doesn't work for legal agreements either. You really have got to send in an empowered expert to go make the negotiations. And so there's quite a few people in this room who are that sort of empowered expert, people like Fontana down here comes into public discussions and represents his employer and does it in a very thoughtful and integrated way in the community. Well, that's how you do it. You send a lawyer. You don't send an engineer unless that engineer happens to be Roy Fielding, in which case there's no problem. OK, cat picture. So the correspondence begins to get frustrated by being told, well, you don't know what you're doing, do you? And begins to suggest that maybe what should happen is they should get their people to talk to our people. And so he actually asks at one point to have their attorney speak to your attorney. Now, there are actually legal advisors at Apache who are helping the board with legal decisions. But it's not normal for you to ask to speak to them as the first activity. You should probably come into the community and talk to the legal discuss mailing list. And have your open conversation, because you're trying to affect this multilateral environment. And immediately trying to go into a bilateral negotiation is a sign of distrust and a sign of disrespect. If a patchy says to you, our lawyer would like to talk to you about this, that's fair enough. But for you to show up and ask for a one-on-one with a patchy's lawyer is, again, not going to make you any friends. So that kind of persisted for a little while in the conversation. And then the writer began to get more frustrated and tried to encourage a patchy to create a special process. This is an urgent code contribution. It's got to be made really fast. We need to fix this solution. Here, let's resolve it this way. Now, a patchy has got well-worn processes for making decisions. If you go into the Apache legal mailing list, you'll find there are a number of people there who will say to you that there's no rush, that they've got to make decisions slowly. And it's not a matter of the process being slow and broken. It's slow by design. It's working when it's slow. It's broken when it's fast. And so it was a big error, I think, to do this. And as indeed one of the correspondence on the mailing list said is that their new way was simply a way of avoiding the people with the most experience who were going to spot the defects. And that was probably actually what the company wanted, was to avoid the people who really knew what was going on. So now they begin to play the wounded card. We're just trying to make a contribution. Why are you making this so hard for us? We're just trying to make a contribution. And this was the point of which one community member, who to remain nameless, was pointed out that a substantial change that had been made in the unread line document was to remove a patent grant to future patents filed by the company on the code they were contributing. And it seemed likely that this company had decided they wanted to remain free to file patents on ideas that were embodied in the code and then potentially pursue the Apache community for them later. And that did lead to a momentous point where this person who pointed this point out was said to be an extremely clever person by Jim Jagielski, who was the president of Apache at the time. Something that I believe you have a gold badge or something. I don't know that has that on. So they were trying to hide things. And it's not always easy to hide things from communities. So they try their last ditch attempt. But unfortunately, the president of Apache said no and said that the changes may be framed as making a clarification to the SGA. But actually, those clarifications are of primary benefit to your company. Now, I think to everybody, all of us who have been reading the mailing list, this was exactly what was going to happen from the very first post. I don't think anyone was in any doubt that the request was going to be declined. But then the next thing that happened after that was, well, it turned out they were very comfortable with the SGA after all.   That will make sure the next time you make a request for a change, no one gives you the slightest time of day. So to summarize for you, what did they do wrong? Well, first of all, they sent a non-expert, unempowered proxy. Secondly, they tried to act bilaterally in an environment which is inherently multilateral. Thirdly, they tried to circumvent the well-worn accepted consensus, the consensus which creates the freedom that the community enjoys for developing software. Fourthly, they condescended to the community. At one point, they said that no one here is an expert, let's get our lawyers together. And I think it was actually Roy Fielding that popped up around that point and said, you know, I have a good idea what's going on here. They tried to change the license, and if there is ever one thing to tell your counsel, it is you can't do that.  This is not that world. That license is not a bilateral peace treaty between two warring companies. This is a multilateral statement of rights by a collaborative community, and you never change it. It's possibly hard to change most license agreements that have been in use for any length of time. They sickly tried to dump an unexplained set of changes, and seventh and worst, they tried to conceal their true self-interest. And I think that those are probably the seven lessons that you should give to your counsel to explain how to deal with an open source community. So what should they have done? Well, they should have found an empowered and qualified person who was not acting as a proxy, but was acting in their main job. They should have understood Apache's process and followed that process and been told by Apache when the process needed changing rather than suggesting the process needed changing for them. They should have made the changes. If they thought the SGA was wrong, they should have made the changes before they had a problem rather than tried to make changes in response to their perceived problem. They should have made sure they did all of their talking in community spaces so that everybody can participate from the community. Community spaces don't need to be public. Apache has private mailing lists that are members only when things shouldn't be made public to the general public. But Apache generally is not happy about you trying to have one-on-one conversations with people to circumvent the community. And don't try and go lawyer to lawyer with open source communities until the community invites you to do it. You'll know if you get it right, because at the end of the process, your lawyer will be told either that they're the cleverest person in the room or they'll be told that they should apply for membership of the community or they will generally be consulted over future activities. They'll be treated as a community member. And the truth is that lawyers are the members that we need in our communities. We've got plenty of developers and we've got plenty of users, but actually it's really good to adopt a lawyer too so that you can get that expert opinion without having to pay for it. And so that is everything that I was going to say to you. And a gratuitous cat thanks you for your time. And I would be very happy to entertain questions or to receive your permissions for future work. So I'm not a lawyer, but your talk was very focused on the process and the mistakes they made. But from my understanding, and here I want you to correct me, they also tried to change something that was like a core part of Apache because they understand it, Apache license compared to the short licenses like BSD or MIT, basically Apache has patent retaliation. So basically if someone sues over a patent they have on a software that is Apache, they lose the right to use the software or something like this. And they basically try to remove this. So please correct me if I'm wrong if I have a poor understanding of this whole thing. That isn't actually what they tried to remove. So when you donate software to the Apache Software Foundation, they ask you to sign a contributor agreement. And that contributor agreement doesn't actually transfer the copyright to Apache, but it does give Apache all of the rights that are implicated in the Apache license. One of those things includes an unlimited license to the patents. And the reason that they ask for that unlimited license to the patents is to inoculate the Apache Software Foundation and its members and its software users from any possible patent action in the future. What this company was trying to do was to remove that compulsion to provide a patent license to the Apache Software Foundation, presumably because they quite fancied the idea of filing some patents later and attacking the members. Now it is true to say that the Apache license itself also has a patent retaliation clause in it. It's beyond the scope of discussing this afternoon, but that wasn't what they were trying to circumvent here. They were trying to circumvent something actually more fundamental. They were trying to avoid giving any rights whatsoever to future patents. Why were they trying to join Apache if they wanted that particular sort of change? Why not just pick a different license or go elsewhere? Did they just fail to understand or was there something more subtle to it? I think that is a fine question. So the company involved is heavily involved in other projects at Apache. And this was another project that they were adding to their portfolio. And I have a very strong suspicion the situation arose because a new general counsel had come in and they hadn't had a general counsel before that. And they had been working on the advice of external counsel, I believe. And I think the general counsel came in and said, you know, this ship you're running here is terrible. It's going to sink. You've got to start paying attention. And this was the first case after the GC had come in. I think it was probably a consequence of that. The company involved was a consistent contributor to Apache and it continues to be a consistent contributor. And as you saw at the end of the process, they worked out that they weren't going to get away with it this time anyway. It was probably something of a learning experience for the general counsel. I just want to make a comment that my heart goes out to the poor engineer because what I suspect actually had been happening was the general counsel was, let me go tell them I'm going to go on the list and do it. And the engineer was like, no, wait a minute. No. Knowing that he could at least make some attempt at the conversation. So you may have more information from the experience to know that or not. No, I was just reading them. Everything I've said is all derived from making unwarranted assumptions about these matters, these messages on the mailing list. I did actually write to the people involved on the mailing list and asked them if they wanted to explain what was really going on. And they didn't reply to my emails for some reason. Any other questions? Awesome. Thank you, Simon. Thank you.


Hi, this unit discusses the basic concepts of phonology, the subdivision of phonology into segmental and suprasegmental phonology and practical aspects of phonology such as the phonemic transcription of English. The content with its question set in the How to Proceed section as default guidance discusses the relationship between phonetics and phonology and we will investigate the principles governing segmental as well as suprasegmental phonology. Furthermore, we will look at a practical aspect of phonological studies namely the use of phonetic transcription systems. Don't forget to document your learning progress by ticking off each activity you have mastered. The mastery test involves an input task where you have to identify the number of phonemes, vowels or consonants within a word.  The suggestions for in-class activities confront you with data from several languages and want you to define the phonemes within the data. Difficult but with the main content in mind manageable. So make use of all these options to get an idea of the basics of phonology.


Matt on a straight drop, gonna loop it for Gage and the end zone flags down. Russell caught it though, falling to the ground for the Atlanta touchdown. Here's Matt, the snap, looks, throws, caught Gage. He'll hit the pylon, touchdown Atlanta. And gonna take the deep shot, looking for OZ. And Zacchaeus makes the catch at the 10. Jones looking for help, he's gonna be sacked and coming on the blitz with Darren Hall.


A very good evening everyone. Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankara IS Academy for 23rd March 2021. The list of the articles today are given here along with their page numbers for your reference. Now let's get into the discussion. Getting it right on the LAC Disengagement. As we know, after months of disputes along the LAC in February 2021, India and China have agreed for a peaceful disengagement. So let us discuss this editorial which speaks about LAC, that is line of actual control and the recent disengagement. Here is the syllabus for your reference. First, to begin with, let us understand what the line of actual control is. See, the LAC is the demarcation that separates India control territory from the Chinese control territory. India considers the LAC to be three, four, eight, eight kilometers long, while the Chinese consider it to be only 2000 kilometers wrong. Have a look at the map to understand Indian perception of the statewide length of the border. So this will be the western sector, that is Aksai Chin, then comes the middle sector along the Himachal border. And here in Arnachal Pradesh and Sikkim is the eastern sector. And MacMohan line is this. This is Johnson line. The least contested is the middle sector. The LAC is not fully demarcated and the process of clarifying and confirming the line of actual control is in progress. Also note that the Indo-Tibetan border police force is the border guarding force that the Indochina border. Coming to Aksai Chin. Aksai Chin, some sources say that no Chinese map showed Aksai Chin as its territory before 1920s. Though 1950s, India captured Aksai Chin and consolidated its position through the 1962 Indochina war. Have a look at the map to understand Aksai Chin and LAC in the western sector. See, the line of control is completely different from LAC. Pure the Pangongso lake, it is a saltwater lake and has no major aquatic life except crustaceans. Now let us see about the recent Pangongso dispute. The LAC mostly passes on the land but Pangongso is unique because it passes also through water. The point in the water at which the Indian claim ends and the Chinese claim begins is a subject of dispute. Most of the clashes between the two armies occurs in the disputed portion of the lake. That's what we often came across as finger. Fingers are the extension of the lake which resembles fingers. Some sources say that the 45 kilometer long western portion of the lake is under Indian control while the rest is under China's control. With this, let us discuss the editorial given by the former head of the Indian negotiating team for boundary related confidence building measures. When the Pangongso disengagement happened, so many speculations were raised such as the creation of buffer zone on Indian territory, the surrender of Indian territory, etc. Of course they are all unverified. The present government was also criticized for inadequate budgetary allocation for defense in the face of the two front war, that is with Pakistan and China. But the author refuses this allegation. The author says there has been an 18.7 percentage jump over the previous financial year for the capital procurement, especially the defense for the financial year 2021-2022, which is the highest in 15 years. According to author to facilitate procurement, the Centre has enhanced the delegated financial powers up to 200 crore in senior ranks below the rank of vice chief. Apart from these, procedures have improved and oversight has gotten better and frugal and complete utilization of funds are all noteworthy developments. Hence, the author says that accusing India that it is not according proper priority to its national security is very unfair. India is giving utmost priorities for indigenization, that is local manufacturing of defense equipment and all, and also defense exports. Apart from this, the government is completing the building of long overdue roads, bridges and other infrastructures on mission mode. This investment in infrastructure in the border area has improved the mobility and capacity for a rapid induction of forces. So, looking to the map for an example, the DSDBO, Darbakh Shyok Daulatbeg Aldi road has facilitated seamless access all the way up to the sub-sector north, and this is the Karakoram Pass here. This provides the much needed all-weather access to the Karakoram Pass and the Siachen Glacier. Let us not forget that Siachen is the world's highest battleground, altitude-wise. Another example is the Atal-Rohtak tunnel inaugurated recently in 2020. It provides for a short connecting route to the middle and the western sector of the Indochina border on the Indian side. Author in this article gives a positive appraisal of the government policies on defence. So, according to the author, the present government has also implemented many of the defence reforms recommended by the Nareesh Chandra Committee. Some examples are the creation of Department of Military Affairs, the appointment of Chief of Defence staff, upcoming theatre commands and many others. So, what is this Nareesh Chandra Committee? It is a task force headed by Nareesh Chandra and it was appointed in 2011. It mainly proposed the reforms required for improving the national security system. Over the decade back, Kargil Review Committee that was appointed after the Kargil War had also made many recommendations regarding the defence reforms. Some of the important recommendations of the committee are a permanent chairman for the Chiefs of Staff Committee and next is deputation of Army, Navy and Air Force officers to the Ministry of Defence and etc. It has also made several recommendations regarding defence procurement, defence preparedness and connected issues. However, most of the details of such suggestions have not been revealed to the public yet. So, coming back to the article, the author also refuses the allegation of creating a buffer zone with India. This is because technically India has not accepted the unilateral definition of China's so-called LAC. Also, a buffer zone on the other side of LOC is still a buffer zone on Indian side. This is because India considers the entire excise chain as an integral part of Indian territory. Buffer zone creation, so it is not very significant in the author's view. Another positive development is the recently concluded 10th round of India-China Carps Commander level meeting. During the meeting, both the sides have positively appraised a smooth completion of disengagement of frontline troops in the Pangongso lake. This is a significant step that provided a good basis for resolving the remaining issues along the LAC. While concluding, we shall commend the Indian negotiators for ensuring a peaceful and a successful disengagement at Pangongso. We shall also maintain a high vigil in the disputed area to avoid any untoward incident in the coming days. So, this brings us to the end of this article. This editorial article discusses about the governance of Delhi, that is, the national capital territory of Delhi. It is not new that government of Delhi, NCT, is ground scuffle between the Chief Minister of Delhi, CM, and the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi. What are they fighting about? They are fighting over the administration and the jurisdictional power of Delhi. This is where a new bill passed by the Union government regarding NCT holds significance. This bill is the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Amendment Bill 2021, abbreviated as GNCTD Bill 2021. According to this news article, yesterday, the bill has been passed by the Lok Sabha also. Rajasabha had already passed the legislation. So, only the President's Ascent is pending, after which the bill will become an Act, all then procedurally. But the bill has attracted widespread criticism, as it provides exceptional powers to the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi. So, in this discussion, we will see the history of Delhi administration, its importance, and also about the bill. Syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. New Delhi is the capital of India, as you know, but Delhi emerged as a capital of India at the end of 12th century itself, with the Muslim conquest of the Northern India. Except for some intervals, Delhi has been the capital of the succeeding empires and dynasties also, which led the legend that he who holds the key to Delhi holds India. So, Delhi has seen the rise and fall of many empires. Under British, however, Calcutta was the imperial capital. During this period, Delhi remained a part of Punjab, till it was made a capital of British India in 1911-1912. British shifted their centre of all governing activities from Calcutta to Delhi, after that. And through a proclamation, Delhi was made and came to be known as Chief Commissioner's Province, headed by a Commissioner. Even the Government of India Act 1919 and Government of India Act of 1935 retained Delhi as the centrally administered territory. Then in 1947, after independence, New Delhi was officially declared as the capital of Republic of India. But remember that even after independence, a kind of autonomy was always conferred on the capital, but it largely remained a Chief Commissioner's regime. Because after the constitution of India came into force, Delhi became a Part C state. You may wonder what is a Part C state? See, the constitution obtained a fourfold classification of the states of Indian Union, namely, Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D states. And in this, Part C states consisted of the erstwhile Chief Commissioner's Province of British India and also some of the princely states. Part C states were centrally administered and Delhi was one among them. Then in 1951, the Government of Part C State Act was enacted, which provided for a legislative assembly in Delhi. It also provided for a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Chief Commissioner in the exercise of his or her functions. This is in relation to matters in respect of which state assembly was given powers to make laws. But when the constitution, Seventh Amendment Act 1956 was passed to implement the provisions of the State Reorganization Act 1956, it did away with the Part A, Part B, Part C classification. After this, only two categories remained, namely the states and the Union Territories. At this time, a Delhi became Union Territory to be administered by an administrator appointed by the President. Further, legislative assembly of Delhi and the Council of Ministers were also abolished. Here again, Delhi became a centrally administered territory. That was in 1956. After this, limited representative government of Delhi was provided by the Delhi Administration Act 1966, about 10 years later, through establishing Metropolitan Council. But Metropolitan Council was a deliberative organ with absolutely no legislative powers and it had only an advisory role in the governance of Delhi. Therefore, there was a continuous demand for a full fledged state assembly with Council of Ministers to aid and advise the administrator. Here also, Centre had more powers. To resolve the issue, a committee was set up. Balakrishnan committee was set up in the year 1987. It was set up to undertake the various issues connected with the administration of Delhi and to recommend measures for streamlining the administrative setup. The committee recommended that Delhi should continue to be a Union Territory, but there must be a legislative assembly. It also recommended that appropriate constitutional measures should be taken to confer special status to the national capital among the Union Territories to ensure stability. This is because it was felt in the national interest that there was also a need for keeping the national capital under the control of Union Government. So, in accordance with committee's recommendations, parliament passed the Constitution 69th Amendment Act 1991, which inserted two new articles, Article 239AA and 239AB. This amendment accorded a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi by designating it as the NCET of Delhi that is the National Capital Region. This amendment accorded a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi and by providing a legislative assembly. Further, to supplement the constitutional provisions, another comprehensive legislation was passed by parliament called the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act 1991. This act introduced a kind of diarchy, that is, two power centers was provided, that is, under this a legislative assembly and council of ministers was provided to aid and advise the lieutenant governor. Here the elected government was given wide powers with the exception of law and order. The law and order remained with the central government, but the demand for full statehood to Delhi even continues today. But this could not materialize because due to the fact that if statehood was given, the administration of national capital would be divided into rigid compartments. That is, there will be a constitutional division of sovereign, legislative and executive powers between the Union and the state of Delhi. That is one. Next is also because of the fear that conflicts would arise in the crucial matters. If the two governments, that is, the government of Delhi and the center, were run by different political parties, already the same is happening in the present scenario, where the central government and the Delhi government is administered by different political parties. The scenario is so worse that author calls it a mortal combat. This enacted the jurisdictional fight between the chief minister and the lieutenant governor of Delhi, where the chief minister accused the lieutenant governor of taking decisions of an elected government and delaying work. For this, the center, which appoints the lieutenant governor, responded that for any centrally administered territory, especially Delhi, which is the capital, responsibility is on the Union government. So the matter was taken to the court and it was finally resolved in 2018 judgment by the Supreme Court. In its judgments, Supreme Court held that the aid and advice given by the council of ministers as per article 239AA4 is binding on the lieutenant governor unless the lieutenant governor decides to act in his discretion. Most importantly, the government need not obtain LG's concurrence in every issue of day-to-day governance. But looks like the judgment has ruffled the Union's feathers. So this piece of legislation enacted by the aggrieved center is in such a way to ensure the superiority of LG of Delhi. Consequently, that will also ensure its control over the capital. This step is the introduction of GNCTD bill 2021. We have discussed this bill and the issues in detail on 20th March, Hindu news analysis. We request the viewers to view the analysis for better understanding. Simply, just know that the bill ensures without the permission of the lieutenant governor, the elected government in Delhi can do absolutely nothing. This makes the elected government of Delhi just a surviving organ, a vestige. And Delhi will become an unrepresentative administration because the elected representatives will have very less powers than that of the lieutenant governor who is an unelected nominee and appointee of the central government. This is clearly against the interpretation of the Supreme Court regarding article 239AA. The bill indirectly means that council of ministers and the CM of Delhi will be acting on the aid and advice of the lieutenant governor. But the constitution mandates the other way around. It directly lays that down. That explains the title of the article that is why author feels that instead of dog wagging its tail, the tail is wagging the dog. So that brings us to the end of this discussion. In this article, the author discusses the responsibility of India towards fleeing population of Myanmar in response to human rights violations committed by the military janta in Myanmar. So this is the syllabus for your reference. As we have seen in the last few weeks, Myanmar has been descending into a brutal military dictatorship. Peaceful protesters are being detained and killed on a daily basis, as the report says. Communities across Myanmar are being threatened and terrorized by the brutal acts, and police and security personnel who are refusing the orders to attack the protesters are seeking refuge in India. The cruel fact is that this is not the first time that this is happening. With the escalating violence, the people of Myanmar have been pleading with the international community to support them in the hour of need. They are also growing calls from the international community to consider these brutal acts as possible crimes against humanity. In this context, the author says it is moral and legal responsibility of India, a friendly labor of Myanmar to stand up for rule of law, democracy and the human rights in the Myanmar. See, many in India are supportive of those in Myanmar calling for democracy, but the author feels that Indian government has been deliberately unclear in its stand. So let's take an example. India made a strong statement supporting the people of Myanmar in the UN Security Council and also in UN Human Rights Council, which is a welcome step. So we'll get back to the UNSC and UNHRC a little later in the discussion. So as you can see, on one hand, Indian government is making steps supporting the Myanmar people, but on the other hand, it is also detaining and preparing to deport Rohingya refugees to Myanmar. So who are these Rohingyas? The Rohingyas are refugees who have fled years of atrocities and genocidal campaign by the Myanmar. They are considered stateless and they used to reside in Rakhine state of Myanmar. In addition to the deportation, the Ministry of Home Affairs has also issued an order to border states to check the illegal influx from Myanmar to India. According to the Indian government, those fleeing into India are considered to be as infiltrators, illegal migrants, etc. The Indian side calls them infiltrators and illegal migrants because India has not signed the UN Refugee Convention and that is the Indian stand. See the UN Refugee Convention is a united nation multilateral treaty that defines who is a refugee. So it sets out the rights of the individual who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grants asylum. It also grants certain rights to people fleeing persecution because of race, religion, nationality, affiliation to a particular social group or political opinion. The author feels that these acts of the Indian government are deliberately ambiguous. It is an erroneous position in the international law as the author says that is it is illegal in the international context too. So let's see how. See according to the customary international law, no state can send individuals back to a situation of danger which is clearly the case The author says that these fleeing individuals would fall within the legal definition of refugees as they have a well-founded fear of persecution. It is to be noted that this law applies to those countries which have signed the convention as well as those that have not. We should note that India has not signed the convention so irrespective of signing or not of the convention, it is legally binding upon India to shelter these refugees. Besides this, India should also allow the IIMM to access these refugees. So what is this IIMM? IIMM stands for independent investigative mechanism for Myanmar. So quickly taking into what is IIMM? IIMM is a UN-established body that is mandated to investigate and build case files for international crime committed in Myanmar since 2011. IIMM recently issued a public call to the refugees to reach out and provide information regarding the illegal orders and policies of Myanmar. These statements are a necessary component of building cases against those higher up in the chain of command of Myanmar. In addition to that, India should also allow the UN High Commissioner for Refugees in India to access Rohingyas detained in Delhi. So why? This will help the international legal proceedings ongoing in relation to Rohingyas. So what is the international proceeding regarding this? See in international court of justice, a case has been brought by Gambia, Canada, Netherlands and Maldives against Myanmar as it had violated the Genocide Convention. Simultaneously, the prosecutor of the international criminal court is also investigating international crimes against the Rohingya. These international legal proceedings are indications of the seriousness and the gravity of the crimes committed against the Rohingya. So the author suggests that India should support these investigations in any way possible. India turns its back on the people of Myanmar. It would be an unjust breach of international law. That is, besides taking a morally inferior position. So coming to the discussion on UNSC and that is United Nations Security Council and United Nations Human Rights Council that was mentioned in this article before. The United Nations Security Council is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations. It has five members which are China, USA, UK, France and Russia. It is the only UN body with authority to issues binding resolutions to the member states. It has been criticized for its undemocratic nature. Coming to the Human Rights Council, it is an intergovernmental body within the United Nations system responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world. So UNHRC as it is called was reconstituted from its predecessor organization the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. UNHRC is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and it has 47 members and these 47 members are elected every year and the seats are filled based on the allocation to regions across the world to ensure geographical representations. Say for example, African states are allocated 13 seats and Western Europe is allocated about 7. So that's how each elected members serve for a term of three years and the countries are not allowed more than two consecutive terms. So that brings us to the end of the discussion on this topic. This article is about the significance of the visit of US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin. This visit was significant because it was the first visit from a senior ranking official of the midden administration. A visit this early in the new US President's tenure indicates the important place India holds with respect to the US. A visit of this caliber shows that US treats India at par with Japan and South Korea. Let us not miss that Japan and South Korea are a very important allies of the US. So this visit is also after the first ever Quad Leaders Summit. So we had discussed Quad before in our previous sessions. So it confirms that the US is focused on greater manner time cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. After India, the US Secretary of Defense had an unannounced stop in Kabul, Afghanistan. As you can see, this visit is significant because all three important areas that is bilateral ties, the Indo-Pacific and Afghanistan came up for discussion during these talks. On bilateral front, the two sides agreed to boost their defense relationship through the use of four foundational agreements like LEMOVA, Comcast and BECCA. They also agreed to increase cooperation in areas of information sharing and logistics and artificial intelligence space and build more linkages with the US command. When it comes to Indo-Pacific strategy, India affirms its resolve to maintain a free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific region with the US. On the Afghanistan front, the discussions were just consultative and did not yield a major result. See, in Afghanistan, US is considering a big policy shift. It is undertaking a major review of its true pull-out schedule and peace plan. The US government also have been in talks with the Taliban for a conditional ceasefire. India wants to be a part of these talks. It also wants the US to prioritize the present Afghan government over the Taliban. Why? Afghan government is an elected one, whereas Taliban has the dubious distinction of having terror links. So, India has gained a seat in the negotiation table in Afghan Taliban talks through US, which is a noteworthy development. The US-bidder administration also made it clear that it is committed to cuts and sanctions against all countries procuring high-value military hardware. So, remember Katsa from our previous discussion on 21st. This is of concern for India as we are also planning to procure S-400 missile systems from Russia, which is a high-value purchase, a military purchase. The defense secretary conveyed that the determination on India would come only after India takes delivery of the S-400 missile systems. In addition to the above challenges, the issue of human rights violation also popped up. The US defense secretary's sensitivity to India's concern was exhibited when India's challenge from China was discussed without making any direct reference to Beijing or about the LAC dispute. Let us take a moment to understand what is that sensitivity that we just spoke about. If there is going to be a direct reference to China, China will get agitated. Air of distress might settle in, especially when the disengagement is on process. Also see, India considers China's challenge as a bilateral issue. This means India wants restraint from the US when it comes to the discussion of India-China ties. This was respected by the defense secretary. From bilateral relations to China, plenty of important issues were discussed during this visit. This visit will form the foundation of future India-US talks. For further information regarding this topic, I advise the aspirants to refer the Hindu News Analysis by Shankara AS Academy, the video posted on 21st March 2021. Now look at this news article. It talks about government's draft district export plan, which aims to transform every district into an export hub. So let us first know what is the need for it. Know that foreign trade constraints about 45% of India's GDP and most of the exports promotion efforts are driven by the center with minimal role played by the grassroot levels, say the districts and the states. Government is aiming to harvest the potential for exports and so it is aiming for a double-digit export growth from 500 districts in the next 3-5 years. And for this, the government has prepared a draft district-wise export promotion plan for 451 districts which are identified to have the export potential. So in this slide, let us discuss about the recent export trend of India and the draft district export action plan. So this is the syllabus for your reference. Remember, goods and services that are produced in one country and sold to buyers in another country is called as exports. Generally, exports play a very important role in the modern economics because they offer people and firms many more markets for their goods. That is, market is not only within the political boundary, world is the market for exports. And this is the reason why governments encourage exports and imports for the benefit of the trading parties. As per the recent statistics, India's overall exports include both goods and services and it was estimated to be around 396.60 billion USD for the period from April to January 2020-2021. And it marked a negative growth of 10.60% when compared to the estimates of the same period last year. So this is because of the COVID-19 where the people consumed very less across the world. So in this regard, to revive our export sector, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry has taken states to prepare an annual export ranking index of districts to rank each district on its export competitiveness with the help of Director General of Foreign Trade. Quickly, what is Director General of Foreign Trade? That is DGFT. Director General of Foreign Trade is an organization attached with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and is headed by Director General of Foreign Trade. It acts as a national facilitator of the foreign trade. It can place and lift restrictions on trade as well. So it is a very powerful body. So coming back to the article, export ranking index is a district specific approach. Here, the states will identify the potential export sectors specific to the state and district. In doing so, the export bottlenecks like transport, availability of cheap raw materials, etc. will come up to the notice of the state. Note that the initiative has its roots in 2019 Independence Day speech by the PM where our PM insisted that every district has to be an export hub and for the value added goods from every district should reach the global markets. With this information, it has now seen about the draft district export action plan. See, the Commerce Ministry through the DGFT is engaging with the states and union territories to prepare and implement a unique DEP for each district in every state and union territory. To implement this plan, an institutional structure is also proposed. So at the State and District Export Promotion Council is to be set up. At the district level, it will be headed by the Chief District Development Officer along with other district level officers as the members. And these committees are available in districts of all the states except one state which is West Bengal. Please pay attention here except West Bengal. At preliminary level, every district's current export profile and future export potential will be assessed and in the meetings held under the chairmanship of Chief District Development Officer. So and all key officers and lead bank manager, promotion councils, quality and technical standard bodies and government of India departments will be a part of this in the initial period. Also, the regional authorities of DGFT and the concerned state agencies are expected to work with the state governments and the district level officers in promoting every district as a district hub for export. So this plan will cover the support required by the local industry to boost their manufacture and therefore their exports. The informative material on various incentives provided by the center and the respective states is also covered under this plan and also a strategy to enhance the logistics that is transport and infrastructure at the district level is also covered. So to conclude, as per the news article, a draft district-wise export promotion plan has been prepared for about 451 districts in the country after identifying the products and services with export potential in about 725 districts across the country. Also, the DGFT is developing a portal in its website where the states can upload their information related to the products with export potential with every district. It is right to say that this is a pan India plan with a local character. Now let's move on to the practice question discussions. The first question, which of the following statements regarding CATSA that is countering America's adversaries through sanctions act is our or correct? First statement, CATSA is a US federal law enacted in 2015. So this statement is incorrect because CATSA is a US federal law that was enacted in 2017 and not 2015. It imposes sanctions against countries that engage in significant transactions with Russia's defense and intelligence sector. The second statement, CATSA is used to impose sanctions against countries that engage in significant transactions with Russia's defense and intelligence sector. Statement two is correct. CATSA was mainly enacted to minimize Russian influence on the countries. North Korea's Iran were subject to CATSA earlier. So the answer will be B2 only. Next question, consider the following statements about the Director General of Foreign Trade. It is responsible for formulating and implementing the foreign trade policy with the main objective of promoting India's exports. So statement one is correct. So that is a chief objective of DGFT. Statement two, it is an attached office of the Ministry of External Affairs. This statement is wrong because the Director General of Foreign Trade Organization is an attached office under Ministry of Commerce and Industry and it is headed by the Director General of Foreign Trade. Third statement, it is headquartered in Mumbai. It is headquartered in Delhi and not in Mumbai. So statement two and three are wrong and only the first statement is correct. So the correct option is A. Third question, which of the following statement is correct with reference to Lieutenant Governor of National Capital Territory of Delhi? Statement one, Chief Minister of Delhi is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor. Statement A is incorrect. As per article 239AA clause five, the Chief Minister will be appointed by the President and not by the Governor. So statement one is wrong. Statement two, Lieutenant Governor has no discretionary powers but to act on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister. Statement B is also incorrect. As according to article 239AA clause four, Lieutenant Governor can act on his discretion. Third statement, Lieutenant Governor may dissolve the Legislative Assembly of Delhi in case of failure of Constitutional Machinery. Statement C is also incorrect because according to article 239AB, President can only dissolve the Legislative Assembly of Delhi either after a report is received from LG or otherwise. So the correct answer is option D. And here are some practice main questions. You can write the answers and post it in the comments section. So that brings us to the end of today's news analysis. If you like the video kindly like share and subscribe to our channel. Good day.


news in detail. Foreign Affairs Minister Joseph Malanji has confirmed owning a power 430 helicopter allegedly bought from South Africa. Mr. Malanji says the helicopter was bought using generally acquired wealth and not at the exorbitant 8 million US dollars price as is being purported on social media. The Kuachar-PF member of parliament refused to state the actual cost of the rotorcraft saying it is not a government but a private property. Mr.  In an interview with Heart of M news Mr. Malanji said it is not a crime to own a helicopter and has wondered why people are in the habit of accusing every politician of encouraging in dubious activities. The Bell 430 is an American twin-engine light medium helicopter billed by Bell Air. It is a stressed and more powerful development of the Bell 230 which in tan was based on the earlier Bell triple two. It's not a crime to own a helicopter. I wonder why in 84 you have a profession anyone who is a politician is in this bigger thing. That helicopter is acquired from legitimate social income and not the amount which they are putting in social media to please themselves. That's my helicopter yes and even when I came into politics I came in as a businessman. You don't have to raise me by the private part of parliament. That is also a politician. Wow if to the one who is probably the one who is posting is very ignorant about the aircraft.