So, in this lecture, we are going to look at 3 applications involving psychrometric principles. The first one is adiabatic mixing of 2 streams and this probably may be considered as an application that comes in HVAC. The other 2 applications may be classified as other applications of psychrometric principles. In HVAC, we mentioned 4 unit processes namely heating slash cooling and we said humidification slash dehumidification as the 4 unit operations. Of course, mixing of 2 streams may also be considered as a psychrometric application because we can adjust the moisture content or temperature of an airstream by mixing it with another airstream at an appropriate with an appropriate moisture content and temperature. So, that is also possible without adding heat or removing heat from the airstream, without adding or removing water from the airstream, its temperature and humidity may be adjusted by simply mixing it with another stream and that is the application that we are going to consider first. So, here we have an insulated mixing chamber. So, this is the mixing chamber, we have seen this before. So, this is an insulated mixing chamber. So, we have an airstream coming in at state 1, another airstream coming in at state 2 and then exiting airstream. So, both 1 and 2 all the airstreams are actually moist airstreams. Let us say that our idea is to control the temperature and humidity of let us say stream 1 and we want to control it in such a way that we get a desired value for temperature and humidity ratio of the exiting stream that is generally the idea. So, if we do mass balance of dry air across the mixing chamber, we get m dot a1 plus m dot a2 equal to m dot a3. Water balance across the mixing chamber assuming that no condensation takes place. So, the amount of vapor that comes in through 1 plus amount of vapor that comes in through 2 is the amount of vapor that leaves at 3. And if we write this in terms of omega by using the definition of the humidity ratio, we may write this like this and if you rearrange, we may actually finally come up with an expression for omega 3 which is the humidity ratio of the exiting stream. So, if I know omega 1, omega 2 and the mass flow rates, omega 3 may be evaluated. On the other hand, if I desire a certain omega 3 and I want to adjust omega 2 so that I get that omega 3, then we may evaluate omega 2 from this expression. It is possible to do both. It is possible to predict the humidity ratio of the exiting stream or it is possible to come up with a value for the humidity of one of the incoming streams so that the exiting stream has a particular value. Application of SFE to the control volume gives rise to the following equation q dot and w x dot are both 0, q dot 0 because the mixing chamber is insulated. So, we can come up with an expression for h 3 star which is the specific enthalpy on a dry air basis for the exiting stream. Assuming that h 1 star, h 2 star and the mass flow rates are known, this allows us to evaluate h 3 star and hence along with omega 3, the exit temperature and the relative humidity may be evaluated using this. Now, we may rearrange the expression for omega 3 like this.  In the same manner, this may be rearranged as shown here, so this shows that omega 3 minus omega 1 over omega 2 minus omega 3 is equal to h 3 star minus h 1 star over h 2 star minus h 3 star and if we rearrange this like this, then this shows that in a psychrometric chart which has omega on the vertical axis and enthalpy axis like this, so this is h star. This shows that this is the equation for a straight line in this coordinate space, so points 1, 2 and 3 lie on the same straight line in the psychrometric chart for adiabatic mixing of two streams. If there is heat loss, then of course, this will not be true, this is true only for adiabatic mixing of two streams. Let us now go through a worked example. So, in the previous example, consider replacing the heating section with a mixing section to accomplish the same objective. So, if you look at the previous example, so here we had a heating section. So, this was the heating section, so we want to replace the heating section with the mixing section to accomplish the same objective which means that air at 100 percent relative humidity 7.5 degree Celsius enters the mixing section and we want air to leave at 22 degree Celsius and 40 percent relative humidity and also such that omega 2 is equal to omega 3. So, these are the conditions that we had in the heating section, we will impose the same conditions on the mixing section except that it is adiabatic. So, let us see what we have here, so this means that in the mixing section, if you go back to the illustration of the mixing section, this corresponds to inlet 1 corresponds to what we had here, let us see 30 degree Celsius 80 percent, I am sorry inlet 1 corresponds to 7.5 degree Celsius and 100 percent relative humidity and this corresponds to 22 degree Celsius and 40 percent relative humidity. So, what we want to find out is the following, I am going to send in ambient air ambient air at 30 degree Celsius, I do not know the relative humidity, I want to adjust the, I am sorry not ambient air, I want to send in air at 30 degree Celsius, I want to determine the volume flow rate and the relative humidity of this air, so that the exit conditions that I see may be accomplished. So, this means that, so air at 30 degree Celsius and unknown fee and unknown volume flow rate comes out, so that this can be accomplished and remember additional requirement here that imposed was that omega 1 equal to, I am sorry omega, omega 3 equal to omega 1, so no explicit addition or removal of water except whatever comes in through air stream, the moist air stream at 2. So, this is the norm and clature for this problem, so using this norm and clature, so we have m dot a at one point, I am sorry this also this information can also be included here 1.1236, so this is 1.1236 kg per minute. So, 1.1236 kg per minute of dry air at 7.5 degree Celsius comes in relative humidity 100 percent comes in and air at 30 degree Celsius unknown relative humidity, unknown volume flow rate is mixed with this, so that we have a mixture at 22 degree Celsius 40 percent relative humidity that leaves the mixing chamber. Notice that omega, we have explicitly stated, I am sorry we have explicitly constrained omega 1 to be equal to or omega 3 to be equal to omega 1, so that omega 2 is also equal to omega 1. So, if you look at this expression, if you look at this expression for omega 1 to be equal to omega 3, what we would require then is that omega 2 also be equal to omega 3, that is the only way this expression may be satisfied, so we know the humidity ratio at the inlet of the incoming air that is at inlet 2 and we also know the temperature there. So, from the psychrometric chart, we can get phi 2 to be equal to 25 percent. So, basically since we are requiring that omega 1 should be equal to omega 3, after adiabatic mixing the expression for omega 3 then suggests that omega 2 also has to be equal to omega 1, so that is what allows us to fix the omega 2, the unknown value for omega 2. So, temperature is available, omega 2 is available, so from the chart we can get phi 2 to be 25 percent and the specific volume of dry air to be 0.87 and H2 star to be 47. I am going to let you look it up from the psychrometric chart. Now, we apply SFEA to the mixing process as before and we now rearrange this so that we can get m dot A2 from this and all the other quantities in this expression are known. So, we get m dot A2 to be 1.9167 kg per minute and since we normally require values to be in units of meter cube per minute, this may be converted to 1.6676 meter cube per minute of dry air at inlet 2. So, this shows how we can actually replace the heating section with that mixing section to accomplish the same objective subject to the same constraints. So, in that sense mixing may also be considered as an additional unit process in HVAC. So, we can accomplish our end objective by more than 1 means, drying, I am sorry heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification and mixing. The next example that we are going to look at involves drying and this would as I said be classified as other applications of psychrometric principles. So, wet paddy at 25 degree Celsius that contains 1 third moisture by weight. So, which means that if you have 1 kg of wet paddy, 1 third kg is water and the remaining two thirds is the actual dry paddy. So, this has to be dried completely before being stored to prevent rotting that is customarily done. The paddy is usually wet after harvesting and it has to be dried before it can be stored, otherwise it will start rotting. Now, hot air is to be used for this purpose. Ambient air at 25 degree Celsius, one atmosphere 50% relative humidity with the volume flow rate of 250 meter cube per minute is heated to 60 degree Celsius. The hot air is then sent to the drying section that the paddy is dried, determine the power required in the heating section and the maximum mass flow rate of wet paddy that can be dried, assume constant pressure no heat loss. So, we have two sections here. So, this is the heating section and this is the drying section. So, let us label this state 1, this is 2 and the exit state is 3. So, ambient air at 25 degree Celsius 50% relative humidity enters the heating section. So, we can retrieve from the chart omega 1 to be 0.01 kg vapor per kg dry air. Specific volume may also be retrieved from the table as well as H1 star and the mass flow rate at the inlet may be evaluated. So, let us see here. So, 25 degree Celsius and 50% relative humidity that is state 1. So, state 1 is here, choose a different color on this purpose. So, state 1 is here, 25 degree Celsius and 50% relative humidity. Notice that this is the line that corresponds to 50% relative humidity. So, that is state 1. So, we may retrieve omega specific volume and H star. So, this is H1 star, this is omega 1 from the chart. So, the air is heated to 60 degree Celsius and if you look at the schematic here. So, the temperature at the end of this is 60 degree Celsius, but there is no addition or removal of water in the heating section, which means omega 2 equal to omega 1. So, that means state 2 omega 2 is equal to omega 1 and the temperature is 60 degree Celsius. So, temperature 60 degree Celsius omega 2 equal to omega 1. So, this is state 2 and we may look up H2 star from the psychrometric chart. So, mass flow rate of air that is coming in may be evaluated like this. So, for the hot air omega 2 equal to omega 1 because there is no water that is added or removed, temperature is known. So, we can retrieve H2 star. So, the heat that is added in the heating section may be evaluated by applying SFE to the heating section that gives Q dot H to be 167.64 kilowatts. Now, we are asked to evaluate for the given volumetric flow rate of air we are asked to evaluate the maximum mass flow rate of wet paddy that can be dried. So, the maximum if we want the paddy to leave completely dry then the air the maximum and that too maximum mass flow rate of wet paddy this both these then dictate that the air that leaves must be saturated. That is the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can absorb. So, the maximum mass flow rate of wet paddy corresponds to that condition. So, at the exit we say that. So, at the exit we say phi 3 equal to 100 percent. So, the state at the exit of the exit of the drying section will be fully saturated. So, if we do a mass balance of water in the drying section we have m dot w that is picked up from the paddy to be equal to m dot a times omega 3 minus omega 2. So, this is the amount of water that is picked up from the wet paddy omega 3 is not known, but m dot a is known. So, we have one equation now and steady flow energy equation applied to the drying section gives the following. This is the this comes from the water that is picked up from the drying section. So, here we are assuming implicitly that there is no appreciable change in the enthalpy of the paddy. If properties of the paddy are known that can also be accounted for, but for the sake of simplicity here we are assuming that there is no appreciable change in the enthalpy of the dry paddy itself. So, if we substitute the known values h 3 star is not known. So, let me indicate this in in red here. So, h 3 star is not known and omega 3 is also not known, but we have one equation that describes omega 3 which we have already used. Remember m dot w is not known here. So, m dot w is not known omega 3 is also not known. So, we replace m dot w here with the previous equation that we have. So, now we end up with one equation which contains seemingly contains two unknowns. Remember one more information is available and that is phi 3 equal to 100 percent. So, that means that we know that the the outlet state or state 3 lies along the phi equal to 100 percent curve. So, strictly speaking we really do not have two unknowns. So, if I take any point let us say any state along the phi equal to 100 curve, then once I fix state it is h 3 and omega 3 are automatically known. So, once that state is fixed both these quantities are known. So, strictly speaking there is only one unknown which is the temperature of the exiting airstream. So, once I take the temperature of the exiting airstream both h 3 star and omega 3 are known. And so this equation actually has to be solved iteratively. So, what we can do is the best way to go forward is to guess a value for t 3 and locate the state on the psychrometric chart. So, guess a value for t 3 and then locate a state. So, let us say that you know we guess. So, we guess the temperature to be let us say 26, 27 let us say 25 degree Celsius which is physically not correct, but let us say that we choose it to be at 25 degree Celsius then we retrieve h 3 star from here and omega 3. And we plug these values into this equation and see whether the equation is satisfied. If it is not satisfied then we adjust the value of t 3 and keep doing this until this equation is satisfied. So, if you do this after about one or two iterations you should be able to show that t 3 is equal to 27.5 degree Celsius and h 3 star is 86.5. And omega comes out to be 0.0233 that is what is shown in this chart. So, this actually comes after. So, this actually comes after a few iterations. The most important thing is that phi 3 is equal to 100 that is very important, phi 3 equal to 100 percent. So, the mass flow rate of wet paddy may then be evaluated as 3 times m dot w. m dot w here is the water that is absorbed from the wet paddy. And so the and we are given that for in every kg of wet paddy one third is water two thirds remaining two thirds is dry paddy. So, the mass flow rate of wet paddy maximum that can be dried is 3 times the mass flow rate of water that is picked up. So, that comes out to be 11.633 kg per minute. So, you can see I can see that psychrometric principles are useful not only in HVAC predominantly in HVAC, but also in other applications which are very practical and real life sort of applications like the one that we saw just now. The next application that we are going to look at is that of a cooling tower. Now, you may have seen this let us see recall seeing this when we discussed the Rankine cycle. So, in the Rankine cycle I stated that we had looked at all the components in this in this diagram except the except the cooling tower and that is what we are going to look at now. So, basically the cooling tower is used in the condenser to cool the water that comes from the turbine. So, it as you can see it follows its own circuit. So, the cooled water from the condenser enters I am sorry cooled water from the cooling tower enters the condenser it then picks up the heat from the saturated mixture that comes from the low pressure turbine and then leaves at a higher temperature. Notice that this is in a separate circuit and the water from the turbine runs in a separate circuit actually that is at a sub atmospheric pressure as I had mentioned before. So, basically we have water from the cooling tower which enters the condenser at about ambient temperature and when it leaves usually it leaves at temperatures around 50 or 60 degree Celsius. So, now when we look at the cooling tower itself the basic purpose is to take water at 60 degree Celsius and cool it to 30 degree Celsius and then send it back to the condenser. So, that is what we are going to look at now. So, here is water hot water from the condenser as I said typically at 60 degree Celsius or so and the cooled water is then returned back to the condenser. So, this goes back to the condenser as you can see here. Now, the cooling tower that I have shown here is called an induced draft cooling tower because it has a fan at the top and the fan forces the ambient air through the cooling tower like this. So, there are openings on the side of the cooling tower and the ambient air is drawn in to the cooling tower and forced to flow upwards like this by the fan. So, it is called an induced draft cooling tower. So, basically the hot water from the condenser comes down through these types of shower nozzles. So, that the hot water comes down the ambient air flows up. So, as the ambient air flows up because it is cooler than the water that is coming down the water evaporates. The water evaporates and the temperature of the air then increases and then it goes up and the remaining water is cooled down. As the water evaporates it draws enthalpy from the air and it cools down and collects at the bottom as liquid water. Now, some other water that has evaporated is carried out by the air stream. So, we require make up water to make up for the water that leaves as water vapor. And so, what we typically have to do in this is to determine the amount of make up water for a given mass flow rate of water from the condenser and temperature difference that has to be maintained. So, we cannot allow the temperature of the water to become too high because normally the water is drawn from a lake or a river or ocean and thermal pollution is to be avoided. So, normally we cannot allow the water temperature to go beyond 60, 70 degree Celsius also 60 would be I think what the upper limit. So, we want to maintain that. So, given these quantities how do we estimate the amount of air that is required or any other design quantity that we are interested in. So, let us summarize what we have said so far. So, this is an induced draft cooling tower because the fan draws the atmospheric air through the tower. There is not forced push through the cooling tower it is rather pulled through the cooling tower. So, the warm water from the condenser comes downwards in the shower and it meets the upward draft of the atmospheric air which is drawn in through the openings provided along the sides of the cooling tower or circumference of the cooling tower because it is usually circular and cross section. Since the air is at a lower temperature some of the liquid water evaporates and the moisture laden air then goes up. So, the evaporate the water vapor is then carried up by the by the ambient air and it leaves through the tower. So, the rest of the water cools down as a result of evaporative cooling and collected the bottom of the cooling tower. Makeup water as I said is to be added to account for the additional water vapor that leaves through the top. So, basically the cooling tower design from a psychrometric perspective will involve two things. One is mass balance of water, another one is mass balance of dry air. So, let us look at an example. Cooling water enters the condenser of a stream plant at 30 degree Celsius and leaves at 45 degree Celsius with the mass flow rate of 3.75 times 10 raise to 7 kg per hour. You may recall that when we did the examples in the module on Rankin cycle we took the condenser temperature to be 45 degree Celsius. So, I have used the same value in this example also. It is then taken to a cooling tower where it is cooled before it is returned. Ambient air at 25 degree Celsius, 45 percent relative humidity enters the cooling tower and leaves at 31 degree Celsius fully saturated. Makeup water at 25 degree Celsius is also provided. Determine mass flow rates of dry air and make up water. Let us enter some of the information that is given here. So, let me erase some of this. So, it comes from the condenser at a temperature of 45 degree Celsius, leaves at temperature of 30 degree Celsius. Makeup water at 25 degree Celsius is also provided. So, the ambient air, let us go back and just quickly check this. Ambient air at 25 degree Celsius and 45 percent relative humidity. So, 25 degree C, 45 percent relative humidity is also provided. So, the air leaves fully saturated. So, that means, phi is equal to 100 percent here. And the mass flow rate of the water is also given 3.75 times 10 raise to 7 kg per hour. So, 3.75 times 10 raise to 5 kg per hour. And this is also 3.75 times 10 raise to 5 kg per hour. I am sorry, 3.75 correct and correct. So, this is the information that is available. The state points are all marked here. So, notice that for state one, for state one and state two and state five, we need to go to the steam tables and retrieve HF. So, HF has to be retrieved from the steam table for these states. For the remaining states, we will use the psychrometric chart. 25 degree Celsius, 45 percent. So, ambient air 25 degree Celsius, 45 percent relative humidity, we can get H3 star and omega 3. So, here we have retrieved these values from the steam table. Now, mass balance of water across the cooling tower. So, liquid water comes in at 1 and 2, but the mass flow rates are the same. So, these two terms cancel out. We have makeup water coming in at 5, water leaving in the form of, I am sorry, entering in the form of vapor at 3 through the ambient air and water leaving in the form of vapor through the top of the cooling tower. So, if you rearrange, we get m dot w5, which is the mass flow rate of makeup water to be m dot a times omega 4 minus omega 3. 31 degrees, I am sorry, that information, yeah, V equal to 100 percent and 31 degree Celsius. So, that means omega 4 is known, omega 3 is also known. So, omega 4 and omega 3 are both known. So, here we are okay. Now, SFE applied to the cooling tower gives us the following and if you rearrange, then we may write it like this. So, omega 4, omega 3, H5, everything is known except m dot a. So, we may write and we may evaluate m dot a to be 4.21 times 10 raise to 7 kg per hour. So, let us just, let me just show it in a different green color. So, H5 is known, omega 4, omega 3, H1, H2, H3 star, H4 star are all known. We have retrieved these from the tables and listed here. We have retrieved from the tables and listed here. So, m dot a may be evaluated and once this is known, using this equation, we may evaluate the mass flow rate of makeup water and that comes out to be 8.42 times 10 raise to 5 kg per hour. So, this completes our discussion of psychrometry and psychrometric principles as applied to HVAC and a couple of other applications. Again, bear in mind that no new concepts have been introduced, only new terms which are specific to psychrometric applications have been introduced. Terms like humidity ratio, relative humidity, dew point temperature and so on, wet bulb temperature and so on. The fundamental principles or application of first law either for non-flow process or steady flow process and then mass balance, water either liquid or vapor phase and dry air, mass balance of dry air. So, you should keep that in mind.


Clark Schmidt, you know the drill. You ready to take a look at your top and form your social media post? Yeah, let's do it. All right, first one. Class clown, huh? Yeah, that's me. I was actually, it's funny. I was showing Joe Bellow one of our trainers the other day. He was like, dude, you're actually low-key funny, and he was like compliment me. I was like, dude, you know what? I actually got a class clown award when I was younger, and I showed him a picture and he was dying laughing, so that's funny that you brought that up.  Oh, no. I'm more of like in-the-moment type. You know, I don't know if I can come up with a joke, but I'll try. I don't know. We'll see. We'll see. Maybe we get lucky. Maybe we get lucky. All right, so that's you as a kid, and you've always fished. Yeah, I think, you know, it's good in the off-season to kind of like move around a little bit and be able to be out in nature a little bit. We're in the city so much. It's good to be able to go out there and fish, so that's one of the hobbies I like to do in my downtime, and so yeah, I haven't cut any that big recently, but maybe I have to go back to the spot and try to find something out there. Yeah, and we saw the selfie with your dad, too, so you've gone to a bunch of fishing trips with him. Yep. His side, the whole side of the family's from Colorado, so we'll go out there like fly fish, stuff like that. And obviously, I'm from in the Atlanta suburb area in the off-season, and so there's the Blue Ridge Mountains right there, so we'll go fly fishing up there and spend some time. So it's good to get some father-son time, especially when we're on the road so much. So if you're not fishing, you're out there chilling on the boat, man.   And are you the one who's usually driving the boat? Sometimes, my brother, he loves to do it, so I'll let him rip it and I'll hang out and just listen to music and chill, so I'm not the designated driver. Little brunch action down in Miami? Mm-hmm, yeah, these are, you know, I like good eats. Any city that we go to, I like to find the best food, and I'm always grinding yelp and trying to find out where the best coffee spots are, best food spots. So this is one of the spots we head up. And how much of this is yours? That is a lot of food, so I hope it's not all mine. The steak and eggs are definitely mine, that's a must. And then probably split the waffle maybe. And we've seen you get busy in the kitchen? Yeah, yeah. Little pizza action? Yeah, this is just another one, just hanging out with my family, spending time with them. You know, it's fun to be able to hang out with them in the off season, so we have some nights while I have pizza nights, and we'll have a little competition so we can make the best pizzas, so it's good. Are you a folder? No, I don't film, I just go, I'm just all in. I like to, I want that crispy, I want it not to have any flop, any of that, so I'm trying to, I try to get my game right, but I always end up losing, because I end up burning the pizza, I get distracted or something, so I'm not the winner at all. Alright, so of course, when you're eating all that good food, you're going to burn it off somehow. Yeah, this is actually, I think that's Newport, one of the spots I like to go to in the off season. I like California man, it's good, it's good energy out there, and especially with the nice weather in the off season, it's good to get out there and hang out with the boys. And the pictures too that you take, there's a great picture of you on the bike, and I don't know what it is, do you use filters for all these posts that we see? Some of these don't need filters, but honestly, I got into, I like photography a little bit, I'm trying to dabble with it, I bought a camera this past year, so maybe we'll see some more off season chronicles when I'm traveling and stuff. I'm planning on going to Europe and stuff, so I'll start taking some more photos. Nice, I love it. Oh, here we go. So that was the bike that you're on. Yeah. This was one of your cars. Do you still have this? This was actually my first, that was my first draft car. When I first got drafted, that was my first purchase. They always say don't buy a car, but I ended up doing it anyways. Yeah, so where is it now? I actually, I just sold that. I sold that recently to, you know, I just ended up dumping it and getting a new thing. Now I drive a Tesla now. Wow, that's a lot of fun. Yeah, I love those things man, they're crazy. All right, here you are in your homegrown hoodie. Yeah. Which is on yes, yes, yes. Okay. A little throwback dude, these videos always play so well. Yeah. Especially when you guys pitch like this. Yeah, the angle, the angle is crazy. I think the angle just like makes them look better. Sometimes I don't think it looks like that to my eye. You know, maybe it does to the hitter's eye, hopefully. But yeah, it's, these are cool angles I like seeing behind the catcher. My brother gets pissed every time I throw two seams and I blow him up on his thumb, so he probably got angry when I was on that one right there. Yeah. What do you say for like young pitchers out there who are trying to get better because a lot of people watching this right now, they've seen your career progress as a member of the Yankees. So like what's been the key to your success? I've had like bits of my successes and failures and I think the number one thing is always just keep going and you know, I think there's a lot of growth that can be had in this game. You know, it's a tough game and there's things that you're constantly learning. I think myself I'm always learning and even these older guys like Judge and guys like this, I think there's a constant adjustment process throughout this game. So for me, it's just learning from those failures and be constantly evolving, constantly growing and learning more in this game. And it's gotten you to this point. Did you show so much fire and passion on the field, man? Yeah.  I've always kind of had that, you know, I try to bring that competitive spirit and that kind of fire and a little bit of dog when I'm out there. So sometimes it comes out. You never know when it comes out, but I think this was, I think that was an extra inning game. I'm pretty sure. So yeah, those moments bring it out of you. Yeah, there's another one on your Instagram page too if you got to check it out. You're just pumping your chest and like really grabbing the DIY logo right there too. So anytime you do something like this, it just shows the love that you have for the game. Yeah, I think it's, you know, there's so much work that goes on behind the scenes and preparation and, you know, I'm extremely grateful to like really be doing what I'm doing. Like I know like every day it's just a dream to be able to like to do what I do and to be with this team and in a city in a big market like this.   So for me, I hold that to a high regard. That means, you know, that means I got to go out there and do my job. So when you get the job done and in big moments like that, it's definitely like a rewarding kind of like this is, you know, it's almost like, all right, we let this out. We got it done. And so you got to kind of enjoy it a little bit. Yeah, so it's fun. All right, last post. Now you said there's a lot of pressure. Yeah. When you're hitting the ball off the tee, is there a lot of pressure that goes into these swings? How are you on the golf course? Yeah, I'm pretty, I'm okay. I can hold my own. These are, these are, I probably have feel more pressure there than I do out here, honestly, because I'm so locked in here.  You're trying to, you're trying not to lose to your brother or whoever you're with. You got bragging rights. So there's a lot of pressure out there, but I enjoy it, man. It's good to keep the competitive juices flowing, you know, in the off season. That's one of the things I do, I spend a lot of time doing is playing golf, being able to compete against friends and family and put a little money on the line and have a little fun. So it's good. What would you say is your favorite part about social media when it comes to sharing these posts? Yeah, I think, you know, like even Instagram specifically, I think being able to, and in Twitter also, like I think there's a way that you can interact with fans and people who support you and they get to see a side of you that you might not necessarily get to see on the field. And, you know, you see those moments where you have the spurts where you're showing excitement and stuff like that. So it's good to kind of show, you know, people who you are behind the scenes with your character and stuff like that. And it's also fun to be able to interact with people and you meet so many different people through it. So it's a good, it's good. I like it. Awesome. So for everybody out there who isn't following you, just where can they go and also to what can they expect? Yeah, in season, I'm on Instagram and I'm trying to interact with people. And that's, I think it's just Clark Schmidt is my name. Yeah, just straight up. No numbers or anything like that. So yeah, it's good. I like to, I'm going to start putting being a little bit more interactive on Instagram and stuff like that. But it's always tough when you're locked in in the season. Dude, Clark, thank you so much for having me. I appreciate you. I appreciate you.


Okay, so we are talking about the scenario where there has been adultery, there has been an emotional entanglement, and well, the question is, is there a possibility of restoration? Yes, you know, that is what we see in scripture that God is able to restore, God is able to make everything new, but it's going to take a lot of cooperation by the couple. So, when we look at what has happened, we see that there is a person who has been an offender and there has been someone who has offended. Okay, the offended spouse obviously has been wronged and goes through a lot of pain and is unable to trust the spouse anymore. It's difficult. It is a challenge, it is a difficult situation to be in and some people could get very hardened and unforgiving and even choose to not go ahead with working out the marriage. We know it's a scriptural reason, but also we know that God gives the grace for the person who is offended. Okay, there's a question here, just, Elisha, is it possible the woman also falls into emotional adultery? Yes, of course. Like, it is possible for both man and the woman to get emotionally entangled. Yes, very much possible. Yeah, because we are basically human beings and unless there are those very clear-cut boundaries in our own minds, we say, okay, this is what I will do, this is what I will not do. We could be from any kind of background, we could be strong believers, we could be even ministers of God, working for a church, ministry, we read about so many things happening because people at their most vulnerable time made some bad choices. So, yes, it is possible for a woman also to fall into emotional adultery. Any particular question, any particular reason why you asked that question? Is there any reasoning behind that, Elisha? No, really, Pastor. Just that it seemed to me that we were focused on the man only. You kept mentioning the man, that's why I asked in reference to the woman also. Thanks. Yeah, okay, thank you. Like we were saying, the offended person, the one who has experienced this heartbreak, it's going to take a while but it's going to take a lot of effort and sometimes the person may or may not be willing to work at restoration. But the first fact is this, that the person who has been wronged, well, scripture says that there is possibility, there is hope, so that person is willing, well, the Lord gives the grace and the strength to overlook the wrong that has been done. The thing is some of these things could have been over a period of years, maybe there were things that were repeated, all these possibilities, but the fact is that there are testimonies of people who have come out of it and come out stronger than before and the marriages work stronger and better than before. The relationship has worked, so it is possible. Now the offender, the one who has actually committed the adultery, either man or woman, needs to receive the forgiveness. First of all, ask for forgiveness and when forgiveness is extended, receive forgiveness and accept and honor the decision of the spouse who has been offended. Maybe the spouse needs time. Sometimes the person who has actually been the offender wants things to get back to normal immediately. Well, he or she has been found out, it was not as if they confess, sometimes they confess, maybe sometimes it was exposed and it has been found out that this wrong happened and the thing is that once they find out, once they are caught, then they confess, say yes, this is what happened, but once that confession is made, they want things to go back to normal immediately the next day. We need to understand that it does not happen that way, not necessarily, because emotions are involved. People are hurt, trust has been broken down, so it is going to take some time for those things to build up. I am not saying that an encounter with God and in a moment that God can restore, definitely as a person is willing and receiving and it can happen, but at the same time we need to understand that because we are human beings, there are hurts, there are emotions that need to be worked on, trust needs to be built, it is going to take some time, so it cannot be just immediately things happening. Now, the one who was the offender again needs to walk in wisdom, needs to walk like we said, needs to walk in purity and holiness and to repeatedly walk in a way that will build trust, behave in a way that will build trust, like the Lord Jesus says, that you bear fruits worthy of repentance. You have repented, now show, show through your life, show through your actions, decisions, your words, your lifestyle, that you have repented. Now the other spouse is looking for that, the one who has been wronged is looking for that, so they need to build their confidence. All that needs to be done, so the thing is to build, to establish those model boundaries again, to rebuild those model boundaries again. Let me just share that. These are some practical steps to take or practical things to consider. This thing is that even before we go into this, we need to maintain emotional and sexual fulfillment within the marriage. In the sense that you tell yourself, if you're the one who was the offender, you tell that all my emotional fulfillment, all my sexual fulfillment will come from this marriage, will come from this relationship. And you make a hard and fast decision saying that this is how it will be for me. I'm not going to look outside for any of this, I'm not going to search outside, I'm not going to tolerate any such emotional attachments. I'm not making a very surgical amputation, cutting away from all that. I'm going to draw my emotional needs and everything is going to come from the marriage, companionship, friendship, intimacy, physical emotional, everything will come from my spouse. To make a decision, a very determined, strong decision in the Lord, it's like making a covenant again, it's like recommitting what it needs to be done. Then, don't do something that you would not like your spouse to be doing. So even before thinking of sending that text, thinking of, you think about it, would you like your spouse to be doing this? That's one question to ask. If not, don't do it. Be careful about communication. It's very, very important because it starts to understand that communication is a bridge. So be careful. Social media, chatting, texting, emails, phone calls, whatever. Be careful. Guard a mind, thoughts, imagination. Because the moment you feel that, okay, there are some wrong thoughts. I shouldn't be feeling this way about this girl. I shouldn't be feeling this way about this guy. Don't just leave it. The Holy Spirit has quickened and your own conscience, your own renewed mind has put out that red flag, that warning. Hey, you shouldn't be doing this. You shouldn't be saying this. You shouldn't be thinking this about this person. It's not right. Well, obey. Be sensitive and take heed. So the thing is to confess it to God. Because nothing has happened. Nothing has happened yet. But take it to the Lord. And say, okay, God, my thoughts need to be consecrated. I choose not to think on those lines. I choose not to dwell on those things. You know that it's hurtful. It's not useful. It's destructive, harmful. So I'm not going to dwell on that. So if you have had those kind of feelings toward that person. So we are looking at a scenario where, okay, maybe as a married person you're having those kind of feelings towards someone who is not your spouse. So be careful with future interactions. You know, you dealt with it. You've taken those. You spent your time with God and saying, okay, God, you know what, this happened. So I need your forgiveness. I consecrate. So future interactions, be careful. Sometimes it's not even us. Maybe it's the other person who's showing a lot of interest, who wants to spend a lot of time. It's the other person who is drawing us out with their constant texts and constant calls and so on. So draw those lines. So do not open up to that extent. Maybe they're asking some questions which you don't have to answer. You can just cut it off. And so in any sense that this is not okay. That it's not okay. Just go with it. No problem. Especially for people who are in ministry, maybe your pastor, maybe you're leading a fellowship and so on. Definitely you will be interacting with a lot of people and definitely it could be the opposite gender. So when there are these kind of interactions and you feel that, okay, there's a lot of attention. There's a lot of interactions that's happening and it's not really required. So you can just maybe answer to the point if there is a genuine quest, I mean, a genuine query for information and point that person to someone else who can help. So don't open up. It needs to be brutally honest. Okay, so sometimes we give ourselves too much of grace. The thing is to be really, be brutally honest in this area and know that it is possible for you to fall. So be brutally honest. Okay, then don't flirt. Don't play with other people's emotions. Sometimes just leading people on and also denying that you just let them on. So what do we mean by that?  Saying, okay, it's just harmless. Don't do that. Don't do that. So that is again, if you do that, you're actually compromising on that boundary. Staying away from pornography and other sexually explicit material again opens us up. So in whatever form it is, whether it's print, whether it's videos, whether it's in whatever form, whether it comes in social media, just clean up that act. Don't open the door for any of it and establish boundaries. Now, if you're a single person, if the person is single, yes, certain things might seem like, okay, then how do I meet the other person? And if I don't open myself up emotionally, well, when you know that, okay, this is not the kind of person that you should be interacting with. Initially, we looked at how compatibility and all those other factors to consider spiritually, emotionally, also other things like finances and all those things, all those factors to consider. And when you're considering someone to really get that okay from God. And if you're not very sure, shaking with other people, other godly people, others who are in your life, we looked at all that in the initial two chapters. Now, these model boundaries for a single person, you can establish it strong. So that once you are married, then there's no compromise. Even as a single person, when things are firm and established and then you will not depart from it once you are married. So these are some things for us, for some of us in ministry, okay, stay away from maybe counseling people of the opposite gender. You're saying, okay, but there's a real need and I feel that I have the expertise and the calling, well, it's great. But do it with another person. Maybe do it with your spouse. Maybe you can counsel with another person and not alone. Because when you're counseling, people are sharing their emotions and the innermost needs and hurts and so on. And then it is quite possible that if these are repeated interactions, then you could find yourself being drawn, feeling pity, feeling sad, getting emotionally attached, wanting to emotionally be there. And as the encourager has the shoulder to cry on, etc. So don't do that. Don't get into that kind of situation. Avoid that kind of a situation. The best thing to do is, okay, we cannot avoid that first call or first interaction because maybe you're a pastor, people are saying, okay, I need help. So, well, suggest someone else. Maybe of the same gender or suggest someone else for that person so that they can be helped. And you don't have to be there in that situation. Okay. Also, it is good to avoid discussing personal problems, emotional topics, etc.  If it's an emotional topic, always include your spouse there. If it's someone with the opposite gender, it can be actually resolved in a healthy manner. And it's a safeguard where you're actually helping that person and you are not hurt. You're not putting yourself in a compromising situation. Maybe our intentions are sincere. We really want to help that person, but we need to do it in the right way. Maybe with a company of others, with a spouse. And we can really help the person in the right way and be a protective guard for that person as well, not to be drawn to oneself or to you emotionally. Okay. And if there has been past relationships, it has to be severe, it has to be cut and it has to be done intentionally. It cannot go back, cannot revive communication, don't revive those things, those things are better left untouched. And so be intentional about cutting away those relationships and whatever else. God will speak and maybe particularly for us as an individual, maybe there are certain things, certain blind spots, which we don't see. And maybe God speaks and says, okay, this is something that you need to do. Others are not doing it, but the Lord is specifically saying, son, daughter, this is your weak spot, so you better, in this season, you better guard yourself, you better strengthen yourself in this season. So you do it. So these are some things, this is a very important aspect of married life and a continuing aspect of married life where we have healthy boundaries. And it's not weird boundaries, it's not to make ourselves become very legalistic and say, I'm going to put blinders on, I'm going to put shades and it's not that. It's just that it's a very healthy way of doing life and having healthy relationships. Any questions on this aspect of moral boundaries and marriage? Before we move on to the next topic. Any questions? Or anything that you may want to add, any challenges or any scenarios? Also, I just wanted to say that while establishing these boundaries, these are not very comfortable at times. Maybe someone is saying, I just need to talk to you alone, I need to share these things. It's not very comfortable establishing these boundaries, but then once these are established and you maintain it over a period of time, then people also understand. I'm just talking to some of us in ministry and if you're going to be in future considering ministry and these are some things to consider. Okay, so if there are no questions. Can I add something? Yeah, sure Isaac, please go ahead. Thank you very much Pastor for the discourse. I agree with you on the topic of these moral boundaries, especially for those who are married, it's absolutely right. But in the case of single people and during the such period, okay, do they have to make this moral boundary rigid or can they be a bit flexible when single people are in this stage of searching like we were saying before, that when we are single and preparing for marriage, we have to look out, we don't sit down between our friends who have to look out. So what is the scenario? How could the safeguard be or the boundary be for single people? Yeah, so when it comes to single people, of course, we are saying that a person is reached a stage where they are considering marriage and they are maybe searching, seeking out, looking for a godly life partner. Of course, they will have to interact, they will have to talk, they will have to find out more about that person and also share more about oneself with that person. But this is before they make that decision, before they make the decision, before they make the choice, we looked at Chapter 3, I think you can go back to it and look at that. So before we make the choice, we looked at compatibility, spiritual compatibility, emotional compatibility, physical compatibility, compatibility with regards to life's calling. Now these are important things to consider during that search and maybe you are being a good friend, maybe just talking about common things and getting to know about that person and you are not really emotionally involved and then this person comes across as a nice person, a nice guy, a good girl and you are talking about the person who loves the Lord and then you begin to find out interactions in conversations, you are finding out that this is what the person's calling is, this is what their values are and this is what they walk in with God is and then you tried out these compatibility, is there physical compatibility? Are you physically attracted to that person or not? It's just again not the only factor but then one of the factors, then what is their call? What are they called to do? We saw that if their call is something else, totally different from your call what you sense to be God's call for you, then there's not going to be agreement. A simple example is okay, maybe they are called to the city and you are called to some rural areas and you find that there's absolutely completely different. These are things to consider even before emotionally opening up and sharing about one's life. So that's the thing. So for the single person, yes, you are seeking, you are searching, you are interacting and all that in a healthy way but once you find that okay, this is going somewhere, then you open up more and talk about those things. So there's a lot more emotional thing happening. Once you've established, yes, this is a person to consider and maybe even made the choice saying, yeah, or made a decision mutually saying that yes, I think this is something that God has called us for and we feel right about it and then you open up more emotionally. Yeah, I hope that helps, Isaac. It's okay pastor, that's very correct. Even for a single person, boundaries cannot be rigid but they have to get safe guards. They should not be going like playing pranks because that is not Christ-like. I agree with you, thank you very much. Right, thank you. Any other thoughts? Any other questions? Maybe you're in a different culture, you're in a different social setting. You have anything to share? What do you think? Would this be applicable? Is it practically possible? Okay, okay. So if there are no thoughts, then we'll just move forward. We're going to look at the whole responsibility and aspect of parenting. This is also something for a person to understand from the word of God and look at some of these practical things that okay, because what happens is okay, people get married, then have children and it is understood that you need to know what to do. Or you kind of stumble your way through about parenting and what to do, what not to do. And a lot of things are cultural. There's a lot of free advice coming, unsolicited advice coming from all quarters, relatives and especially in a place like India. There's a lot from the families, a lot of things coming. This is especially about taking care of the child. This is what the child should eat. Within six months, this is what they should do. You give water, then all kinds of things. You can't give water. You should give water. You can't give, when it comes to solid food, you can't give this, you can't give that. All kinds of advice coming, some healthy, some unhealthy. So it's good for us to understand what is the role of the father and the mother is when it comes to parenting. When it comes to this awesome, at the same time, wonderful privilege of parenting a child. So it's good for us to understand that. So that's why we are looking into it. Parenting, nurturing children, how do we do that in order for God to have anything to say to that? So let me just share the screen. So let's look at, first thing to do is for us to, well, not to look at parenting as a burden. Not to look at children as something that's inconvenience. Sometimes, I don't think anyone would actually do that. Any parent would do that. But I'm saying there is the possibility. When someone could look at marriage as something inconvenient, my freedom is gone. I can't do the things that I used to do. I can't, you know, because of the wrong understanding of marriage, wrong understanding of the roles in marriage. It is possible for someone to have a wrong understanding of parenting as well and look at children as something inconvenient, babies as, you know, they're crying through the night and, you know, why did we ever have, you know, all that, those kind of thoughts. So the first thing is to know that we are called, okay, in God's plan and purpose. The original intent is this. When you look at Malachi 2 verse 15, didn't God make you one body and spirit with her? He's talking about marriage. What was his purpose in this? It was that you should have children and truly God's people. So make sure none of you breaks his promise to his life. And he's actually talking about divorce and being unfaithful and so on. But in that, we see this, you know, we see this instruction. What is the God's purpose? What is God's intent in all this? That you should, why did God make you one body and spirit, you know, in marriage so that you would have, this is the purpose that you would have God be offspring. You would have children. So we need to really embrace this, meaning we need to get used to the idea, hey, this is God's call for me, right? As much as, you know, we are asking him, oh God, what is the call in ministry? What do you want me to do? Where do you want me to be, et cetera?  Hey, this is God's call. So what do we do with the call? We acknowledge and we embrace it, make it part of our life, right? So that's the first thing, embrace it. Embrace the call of God. And secondly, understand that we as parents, we represent God to our children, right? We represent God to our children. We represent the Father, the Heavenly Father. So, meaning the mother also represents God, right? We represent the Heavenly Father. Efficiency verse 14 and 15, for this reason I fall on my knees before the Father from whom every family in heaven and on earth receives its true name. The Good News Bible says, let me just read from the New King James, Ephesians 3. I bow my, sorry, 3, 14 and 15. For this reason I bow my knees to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ from whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named. Okay, so the family is named or called. So it receives its true name. Psalm 127 verse 3, behold the verse, that portion that we read this morning. The whole children are a heritage from the Lord. The fruit of the womb is a reward. Okay, so we represent, understand that, yes, they are inherit, I've received this inheritance. So from the Lord, meaning that, you know, when you look at what inheritance is, inheritance is something that I receive. And well, if you actually look at a worldly or earthly inheritance, it's something that was, that belonged to someone and I received it because of relationship. Right, because of relationship, because it was just vested upon me. So here it says that the children are a heritage, Psalm 127 verse 3, a heritage, which means that you actually, it's an inheritance that you receive from the Lord. They are an inheritance from the Lord. So children belong to God. God is entrusting us with this inheritance. And it's awesome when you think of it that way. Wow, I need to take care, I need to take care of this inheritance that I've received from the Lord. When it comes to children, like same way, the Heavenly Father relates to us. And he, he displays his agape. He extends his agape, unconditional love towards us. So same way, we as earthly parents, you know, that we would extend this agape. Right, I'm sorry, Ephesians 3, 17. I pray that Christ would make his home in your hearts through faith. I pray that you would have your roots and foundations in love. That Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith and that you being rooted and grounded in love. That love is God kind of love. That you be rooted and grounded in love. For what? Right, so that we can express the same kind of love in all our earthly relationships, right? And more so when it comes to children. So children experience, children should actually experience this agape love and God has placed them and given them, given us an inheritance. So we can actually show this unconditional love towards them as well. Right, we are also a child's role model. You know, we are actually the heroes. They may not say it. Initially they may say it. And they say, you know, that we are actually the heroes and they look up to us. Well, they look up to us. They adore us.  They think, you know, like, I think it was, I forget which author, one of the English poets, I think, who says, you know, this is what happens. But at one stage, well, children think the world of me, I'm just trying to see where I've written it down somewhere. I'll probably share that later. So they think the world of me and the world of us, they are the heroes, take advantage of that. Because they will come a phrase when they think, okay, maybe dad, maybe mom doesn't know everything. And there comes a stage where they're saying, like, I know everything. And they don't know anything. It's a season that they go through and then they come back and they realize, okay, there is wisdom. There is actually some kind of, you know, sense in what my parents are saying. So they'll come back to that. So we are our children's role model. You know, problem 17.6 says, old people are distinguished by grandchildren. Children take pride in their parents. So actually, when they look at us, we are their heroes. We are their teachers. They reflect, mirror our speech. They mirror our behavior. They literally walk in our footsteps. I'm sure you've seen a little one, trying to wear maybe the mother's footwear. Maybe it's a flip flop, a slipper or a shoe, or they're trying to walk. They're trying to literally walk in your footsteps, walk in your shoes. And maybe you've done that as a child, trying to wear those shoes of your mother, father or your guardian. So to make the most of it. We are their role model. And also as parents, not only are we, you know, providing love, unconditional love and care and nurture, but also we need to provide training.  Train them so that they can, and position them so that they can, they can be, they have the best shot at life, succeeding in life. They're the best start maybe. And so we are called to train, probes 20 to six, teach a child how we should live, or teach children how they should live and they will remember it all their lives. I'm sure as parents we recognize or even remember some of those things, parents, our parents taught us, as adults we recognize. Well, at least something, you know, one thing sticks out maybe, this was a lesson that I learned from my parent. Maybe if you didn't have parents, maybe from a guardian or from a person who was older, who took care of you. This is the lesson that I learned. So we are supposed to provide that training. As parents. So it can be in the area of values or principles. So we can teach values, we can teach principles. This is how, these are some things that use your esteem in life. Meaning honesty, maybe punctuality, integrity and so on. Values, principles, respecting others, honoring others, being kind to others, being truthful to oneself. These are things that we would again train them in, values and principles. Also, disciplines. Disciplines like, yeah, certain things to do with characters, certain things to do with maybe punctuality, timeliness and doing things that you may not always enjoy doing, but then it needs to be done. So some disciplines that will really help us, help them and also life skills. Life skills regarding maybe the usage of certain things. This is how you use a computer. This is how you check things online or age appropriately, of course. This is how you handle finances. Some of those things, all these things really will be invaluable. Life skills, simple things like maybe riding a bike or how do you buy certain things. This is what you do. We train them intentionally. Also to help discover the call. So we see that this is a journey. It's something that is progressive in nature. So just understand that they are watching. They are hearing your words, listening to your words, watching your life. The thing is that since we are examples, role models, if there's a disconnect between what we say and what we do, they are very, very quickly picked up. And we find that it's a challenge to enforce that thing in their lives because it's a disconnect in our own lives. They might do it because you have the authority and you're saying this is how it is. But then really internally, that conviction is not there because there's a disconnect. So we need to be careful. The other thing is to understand our children. Now, from 127, the verse that we read, talks about how children are arrows. Arrows need to be sharpened. Arrows need to be aimed at. Arrows need to be released in the direction that they need to go. So arrows need to be sharpened in the sense that they need to be prepared. They need to be aimed at a target. We need to position and prepare them and give them a vision, a goal maybe, and also understand, try to understand what is it that they are moved by, what is it that they are inspired by. We see that our children are very unique. Each child is unique. In the same family, different and unique. That's how God creates. They might have a lot of similarities, but they also have some very distinct, unique characteristics. So understand what those strengths are. Understand what those likes are. Appreciate it. Many times, we want, maybe what we missed out, we want to force. I missed out on piano lessons. I never learned piano. My child is going to learn piano, whether he or she likes it or not. We kind of force them into a mold, press them into something that they're not maybe created for. So we need to understand, be sensitive and understand, what is it? Sometimes we know that, okay, they are holding back from really stepping in because of maybe fear, maybe because of some insecurity. Again, it takes a bit to understand them. Is it because of fear that they're holding back? Is it because of something else? Is it because they don't have the ability to make that distinction? I remember when our daughter was growing up, she was extremely shy, extremely shy. In fact, she would not say hello to anyone, and we were, of course, in church. So every Saturday, there'll be this Tue Kling session.  Maybe slightly older, but you just wish somebody says hello. Please say hello, you know. But then Sunday morning comes, and there is a pastor, she was looking at our daughter and saying hello, Ruthie. She turns her face. Even after those repeated lessons, she was extremely shy. Then we knew that she had these talents, all these some abilities, one of which was, of course, to sing and so on. We tried to encourage her, where don't you do this, where don't you take part? No chance. Then suddenly, I think, I don't know how this happened, but she signed up for a singing competition. She just signed up. Or I don't know, maybe the teacher forced, and I remember we were all there, and she was literally shaking, shivering, and after singing, she came back and told us she was shaking, my legs were all shaking. But then she did well, and then we always encouraged her, saying, okay, it doesn't matter, just do your best. Just do your best. So she won something, and then she realized that, hey, I can do this. Maybe I should. And even then, she would not go for classes. Any instrument, she was always very shy. No, I don't want to go for classes. So we had to wait. And see, we knew that there was a ability, but then there was this personality which was preventing her from making full use of that ability. We just had to wait, be patient, be encouraging. Till it came to a place where she said, yeah, maybe I can do that. And then it really helped. So we need to understand. The other thing is to also grow up with our children when it comes to how we are involved with them. We also grow up, we also change. When we say grow up, we also change in our involvement with them. We also change. And a simple table here, when it comes to child, zero to five years, the numbers are years. So childhood, zero to five years, we are going to be nurturing, we are going to be caring, doing things for them most of the time. If it's zero to five, yeah. So if it's zero to two, it's going to be a lot of things. We are helping them in every way, but it's two to five, then we are, yes, we are guiding them, helping them. What about age six to 12? Well, there's a lot more instructions. We are being a little more authoritative by giving instructions. Try this, do that, try this, try that, and also disciplining. If you don't do this, there will be consequences. There's nothing wrong. That is the age to discipline, to establish certain standards and so on. So we do that. Then when it's the teenage years or pre-teens till 18 years old, it's more of, we're still disciplining, we're still establishing standards, but we are more like a teammate. We are with them. We are participating, encouraging, empowering, equipping. It's a very participative, supportive, encouraging role. There will be establishing of standards also because adolescent years, they are not quite adults yet. So when it comes to adults, young adults 18 to 21, then our role as parents again, it changes, we are more like coaches. We are influencing them. We are working alongside. We are discussing, sharing ideas, taking suggestions, enabling them to come to certain decisions. So you see, and beyond, if you're 21 plus, we are more of advising, conversing again, respecting their opinion, respecting their decision and so on. So you see that we also change in our parenting, in our level of engaging. We are always involved with them. But the way we are involved as our children grow changes. And as parents, if we don't understand this, there's going to be a lot of conflict. There's going to be a lot of struggle. Okay, so we'll stop here. We're going to look at some more in the next class in our next session next Tuesday. Also, I think that next Tuesday would be just taking the date, would be 22nd. So what we will do is this, the final few chapters we will look at in our next class. But till parenting, we will have as part of our quiz, quiz number two. So till what we have covered today and e-learning students, the same would go for you, what you watch in this video. Till what we have covered here today. As part of parenting, till here, we'll have it for our second quiz. So and then the next class we will continue and we will finish the other chapters that we need to do. Okay, so that's something that I just wanted to share. Okay, thank you. So we'll take a break and we'll meet again. God bless. Thank you, Pasco. Right Isaac, God bless.


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