Sorry for the small DNA, there has been a small glitch with the transport, anyway, we're all back, so we have the pleasure to welcome Glenn Bank from the University of Innsbruck, who will continue the introduction of related foundations of quantum computing. And after this course, there will be a welcome reception that is going to take place on the terrace where we had lunch, okay? Okay, so thank you very much. So as probably you know, I'm going to speak today about adiabatic quantum computation. So let me start by giving a few references on the topic. So just an overview is going to be this recent review by Albash and Lidar, adiabatic quantum computation. So this is a review of modern physics in 2018. So here you're going to find basically all the references you can about the topic and you're going to find the latest results and the references to the latest results and latest theorems in this topic. But this is not very self-contained, it's not an introduction, it's just a review. So if you want to read something which is self-contained and I'm going to recommend for you the lecture notes by Charles Andrew and it's going to be lecture notes on quantum algorithms. So here you have an introduction to the topic which is self-contained and if you're willing to read it in depth, there are also rigorous proofs about the statement that I mentioned. So till now you have probably seen the gate model, right? For quantum computing. In this model essentially what happens is that the system undergoes a sequence of gates that form a circuit. So I'm going to go pretty fast on this because you've already seen it and the final result is going to be measured and you're going to get output. So in this kind of approach you have what would be a digital quantum computation model because you're applying these digital gates, so these elements. While now I'm going to discuss adiabatic quantum computation and this model is quite different because instead of being digital it's going to be analog and the system is going to be evolved with a certain time dependent Hamiltonian. And we're, yes, sorry, okay, maybe you can still make measurements at the end and you're going to always get an output. So here the dynamics is governed by the Schrodinger equation which is implemented by this time dependent Hamiltonian. And the output again should be the solution of your computational problem. So why would we try to do this kind of approach and why is it called quantum adiabatic quantum computation? So the reason is that the goal in the end is to prepare the system, let's say C out, is going to be of the final time, which is the final Hamiltonian. So the output is going to, we want the output to be more or less the ground state of a final Hamiltonian and we want that the ground state of this final Hamiltonian would be encoding the problem. So the reason why we do this is because in physics we more or less have techniques to prepare ground states of Hamiltonians. And the idea is to apply these techniques in this case to come up with a new computation, with a new algorithm and model for computation. So now the question is how can we prepare the ground state of a certain Hamiltonian given a certain time with the time evolution, with the Schrodinger evolution. And this can be done relying on the adiabatic theorem, which is the backbone of adiabatic quantum computation. So let me state it. So the adiabatic theorem, first of all, let's, before stating it, let's try to discuss what are the ingredients. So we have an Hamiltonian, h of t, which is time dependent. So this Hamiltonian being time dependent is going to have a spectrum, which is also time dependent. So we can solve the time independent Schrodinger equation or the gain value problem for each independent time. So we will then get such a spectrum that's going to be given by, let's say, this, the energies, and the eigenvectors as a function of time. Sorry, again bigger. This is the right size, hopefully. So, okay, so from here, as we said, so the Hamiltonian is going to have eigenstate and eigenvalues, which depend on time and satisfy the following equation. So if I apply the Hamiltonian to an eigenstate, it should just get, be multiplied by the eigenvalue. Okay, so we have this, and if we look at the Hamiltonian at the spectrum of the Hamiltonian as a function of time, and we're going to have energy levels. And we diagonalize the Hamiltonian and look at the spectrum at each time. So would have the first energy level, which is going to do something like this, which will depend on the time would have, let's call it put it on top because this is a function. And so this is an a zero is not an important, because it's small, it's not really important. And then you're going to have other levels for, let's say this is going to be for the state zero of T, this is going to be for the state one of T, and et cetera, et cetera for all the levels of the Hamiltonians. Okay, and we make the hypothesis that these levels do not cross in particular that the ground state, so a zero is always different. Or in this case, since it's a ground state, a zero, a m of T is going to be always greater than a zero of T, meaning that this cannot happen. Okay, so this is not contemplated within the theorem as I will be setting it now. And having this hypothesis, we can now start stating what the theorem says. The theorem says that if we start from an initial state, psi of zero, which is the ground state at time zero, and then we let the system evolve with the Schrodinger equation. In the end, we are going to get that the state of the system at time T, psi of T, is going to be, let's say, approximately proportional to the ground state at time T. Okay, so this is saying that for this condition to hold, we have to have a sufficiently slow evolution. So I'll write it here because it's quite important. So if the Hamiltonian is changing sufficiently slowly, what will happen is that the state would always remain in the instantaneous ground state, the evolved state. And those, I can use this idea to prepare the ground state of a final Hamiltonian starting from the ground state of an initial Hamiltonian. So before describing in detail how we can use this in quantum computing, I want to spend a few seconds, like a few minutes, discussing the proof and the bounds that are related to this theorem. So, okay, I'll just delete this. So this is, to make this statement, to give a quantitative statement, we need to be a bit more precise than what I've said here. So we are going to consider that the Hamiltonian H of T is, let's say, it's going to be equal to H of S with S equal T over the total time. So we can take, if we want to be more precise, let's say we are evolving with H prime of T, which is equal to this function. And now, in this case, we can rewrite the Schrodinger equation as a function using the variable S. And we are going to get that we're going to have a psi of S. And we're going to have that for this psi of S, the derivativeness is going to be equal to L of T psi of S. And of course, the H of S. Okay, so in this case, by doing this change of variables, we get a time here.  So the Hamiltonian, for example, we can take as final point H of S0 initial point going to H of S equal 1. And this, in terms of the time, is going to happen within a time from 0 to capital T. So by sending capital T to infinity, I make this dynamic slower and slower because it takes more time to reach the final Hamiltonian. So I have to be doing this change slower. Okay, so this is the setting. And with this setting, it's possible to start attempting to prove the theorem. So I'm going to give not a rigorous proof of the theorem which you can find in the lecture notes from childs because this is maybe not the right place to prove the whole theorem. But I just want to give some idea on how the theorem works, on how to prove the theorem and what comes out from the theorem. Because other than knowing that if we send T to infinity, the dynamics is going to be adiabatic. So it's going to stay in the ground state. We would like to know how large T has to be for this kind of statement to hold. Okay, so I'm going here. So to make the proof, the first part of the proof is going to be to find an exact adiabatic evolution. So we say that this Hamiltonian, when this condition holds, will be approximately in the ground state. But we want to find an Hamiltonian which we want to define an alternative Hamiltonian, HA, is going to be T of S plus I. So here P is the projector over the instantaneous eigenstate. So if we want to be precise here, we should put S, but I will drop the S where they are like... So I may drop the S where it's implicit, that all these things except T are going to be S dependent. So the first statement is that this is going to implement the exact adiabatic dynamics. So if I evolve with this Hamiltonian, I'm going to have that the Schrodinger equation can be satisfied. So let's say Schrodinger equation for A... Oh, sorry. Okay, so we say that if this... So the main thing here is that what does it mean that this implements an exact adiabatic evolution? It means that if I take A of S, which satisfies the Schrodinger equation with HA, so if I consider this Schrodinger equation, then with initial condition that I'm starting from the ground state, then I'll have that the solution is by A of S equal to a coefficient, the instantaneous eigenstate. So wait, let's put S here because we want to keep everything in terms of S. This is going to be a solution of this equation with some appropriate C0. And this means that the first step is defining the Hamiltonian which does the job exactly, which is implementing an exact adiabatic solution. The next thing that you'd have to do for the proof, so the next thing that you'd have to do for the proof is showing that if I take the evolution operator, let's say I would say UA and U are... So here the evolution operator UA is the evolution operator induced by this Hamiltonian, by the exact adiabatic Hamiltonian, so it's going to be satisfying the equation HA UA, and the U is going to be the evolution implemented by our original Hamiltonian, and this is going to be satisfying U. So again, both of these are... Sorry, the derivative of course. Again, both of these are functions of S, and as I said, everything except T is basically a function of S. So in this case, these two... I know the differential equation satisfied by these two operators, by these two evolution operators, and the idea is that I want to show from this that UA minus U, this should be small, that goes to infinity. So after defining the evolution, the main point as we said, we have defined the exact adiabatic evolution, and then the idea is to show that the exact adiabatic evolution is actually close to the evolution operator induced by the time-dependent Hamiltonian, the original one, when the process is slow enough, so when T is going to infinity. And finally, again, the third step here, which I will write here. So the third step is going to be to put some conditions. So it's going to be to say how large... So these are the steps that lead to the proof. I have not proved none of them at the moment, but I want to simply start by proving the first one, at least, because it will show... It will give us the state and the phases which are actually implemented by this slow evolution in the limit of T that goes to infinity. So again, let me start by... So as we said, so I'll look at the first step, and we say that this is going to be our H of S. And the idea in this first step is to show that, as we said, that the Schrodinger dynamic, this satisfies the Schrodinger equation. So let's write that explicitly. So if this would satisfy the Schrodinger equation, if we're going to have that the derivative of... Let me just write here that this is the function, the state, and we're going to have that the derivative of the state should be close to the part due to the Hamiltonian. Let's just keep the S out for consistency. This should be equal to zero if we want that the Schrodinger equation is satisfied because I just brought everything on one side in the Schrodinger equation. We can start writing this and see what comes out. The first part is going to be here. Since there are going to be a few derivatives, I'm going to use the notation x dot equals the S of x. And this is going to be the first part. And the second part we have to put in the Hamiltonian. So we're going to use the game value equation. Since a zero is an eigenvector of hs, this is going to be a zero times a zero. And then we're going to have plus this term. So plus and we're going to have a times... Okay. And this still applies to a zero. So let's put here the coefficient because of linearity. The C zero goes out from this application. So, yeah. Okay. So to be consistent, actually if we want to keep the h bar, sorry here, I forgot an h bar. Okay. So here we're going to have a one over h bar and we're going to have an h bar. Okay. So this equation, in this equation actually what we would like to simplify to resolve, like to simplify is this object. So let's write what this object is. E dot P applied to E zero, which is going to be... I just recall one second that P is E zero, E zero. Okay. And this here is going to give zero dot comma... Oh, sorry. All right, this here. And this is going to be E zero dot E zero. Okay. And E zero. Okay. So now we're going to insert this in the equation, but I'm not going to do the computation bit by bit. I'm just going to give you the result for this one. And what you're going to get is that you're going to have... You're going to have that when you insert this inside here, you're going to have that the Schrodinger equation, which should be zero, is going to be actually C dot E zero plus... This is going to be plus. Let me just get you the right sign for the last term. And you're going to have minus I is zero dot. And this is going to multiply E zero. So what happens is that the Schrodinger, all the terms in the equation vanish, except those that multiply directly the single against the E zero. And then we have an equation with just coefficient on a single vector. And this equation... Yeah, sorry. Yeah, of course, there is a C zero missing. And this equation has a solution, which is going to be that the C of T, or of S in this case, is going to be an exponential of a dynamical phase and a geometric phase. Okay, times the C at one. And because of the initial condition C zero at one, this is simply going to be the value of C. And here the phases are given by... Are the integrals of these objects that appear here? And gamma is going to be the integral of zero is zero dot. Okay, so what would happen is that the state would approximately evolve acquiring, let's say, these two different phases. One is simply what you would expect in a usual Hamiltonian, which is in a usual Hamiltonian you would acquire a phase proportional to the energy times the time if the Hamiltonian is time independent. In this case, you have to... The E depends on the time, so you'd have to integrate this. And in the second term, it's due to the... to its geometrical phase, which plays an important role. For example, when you want to consider cycles which return at the initial point. But in this case, what we are mainly interested is in the dynamical phase. And I just want to mention that if you proceed in doing... in... Proceed in proving the theorem, you'd find that the oscillations that are induced by the dynamical phase are what essentially allow you to prove the theorem. Because you're going to have that the eigenstate is... that the state is having... the different... that the state is having phases which are high. And you're going to have that when you compute integrals, these phases are going to appear in the exponential and you're going to have to integrate by parts to obtain a bound for the error. So let me... I'll skip this part because it's quite technical. And I'm just going to give you the result for the bound. So if, finally, attempt to estimate how far it's... your state, how far it's your evolution from the exact adiabatic evolution, you're going to have that... this. You're going to be able to write this equation. This is going to be, let's say, you're going to have an error which is smaller equal than time zone constant. So you're going to have an error which is... Okay, here you have a total time. So you're going to have like the error times the total time. It's... Let's say it's smaller than the norm of the derivative of the Hamiltonian because of the gap squared where the gap squared is... The gap is the... Let's say it's going to be the difference. Let me write it here and all then it's going to be E0 of t. And you're going to have that, as we said, you're going to have these two objects and we are considering this difference between the E0 state and the E1 state. And here you would have to take of this quantity is defined for some value of s and you'll have to take the maximum. So... Actually let me write it explicitly that you have to take the maximum. Okay. So... So this is what the theorem states that the error that we define and it's telling us how close the state of the evolved state is to the exact... the state implemented by the exacter Ibatica Hamiltonian and this error, if I call it epsilon... So if I call the error epsilon, let's say here I'm going to have that the time needed to achieve an error epsilon is going to be 1 over epsilon times a constant times the maximum over s h dot. So this is telling us that as I said, I'm calling epsilon the error. Okay. So this is telling us that if you want to keep a certain fixed error, so we want the final, for example, the final state to be pretty close up to epsilon to the ground state of the final Hamiltonian we are going to have to increase the time because when we reduce epsilon the time is going to increase. But on the other hand it's also it's also telling us that to achieve when we have a fixed epsilon we can achieve a sufficiently good performance if we choose the time large enough. And what is the physical quantities that are defining how large this time has to be. These physical quantities are the derivative of the Hamiltonian and the gap. So let's say if, for example, the derivative for some reason is constant we are going to have that the time is going to be scaling with the inverse of the square of the gap the time to have a certain error epsilon. So this is the adiabatic approximation because it tells this equation tells us this equation tells us how long we need how much time we need to actually achieve a certain precision. And now I want to describe how this is used in briefly describe how this is used in adiabatic quantum computation. So for this I'm going to just finally describe the algorithm and like tomorrow I will show practical examples. But today is just about understanding what the algorithm is and what are the theoretical foundation of the algorithm. So if we start from a certain Hamiltonian let's say H of I an initial Hamiltonian and we want to end in a final Hamiltonian which encodes the solution of a problem. So to do this we would have to restrict it's easier actually to restrict ourselves to some combinatory optimization problem. So we consider the problem of minimizing a certain function let's say H defined on binary to R okay. So we consider this problem mean of H of Z. So this is an optimization problem because we are given a classical function and we want to find the Z that minimize the function. So actually many problems can be written in this kind of form and also quite complicated problems which are NP hard and for example like the satisfiability problems, the problem and I will discuss some of them tomorrow and also the problem that you already saw can also be written in this kind of way. So if you have a problem which can be recast in finding the minimum of this function finding the minimum of this function can be again recast in the question of finding the ground set of a certain Hamiltonian. So we consider this Hamiltonian which is going to be the sum over all the possible strings of Z and we define the Hamiltonian, we define a diagonal Hamiltonian. So the elements of the diagonal are given exactly by H and the eigenvectors are exactly this and the eigenvectors are exactly a computational basis. So again Z is going to be a string as we said with each of these values can be 0 or 1. So this can be seen as a state defined on a set of n qubits. So we have that this Hamiltonian n lives in the space of n qubits and the ground state of the final Hamiltonian since the Hamiltonian is diagonal and we already know the energies is going to be the state which has the minimal energy. So in this case it's going to be the state which has the minimal H of Z so it's also going to be the state which minimizes it's also going to be the state Z which minimizes our function. So the ground state of this problem is going to be the equal capital T at the end of the evolution is going to be the zeta bar star so that zeta bar star is the minimum of our initial problem and in this case we can use the adiabatic theorem to generate an Hamiltonian that produces the ground state of this problem. And to do this we consider the following Hamiltonian so the interpolating Hamiltonian H of S which is going to be let me give you a simple form but this can be changed so this is going to be S times H final plus 1 minus S times H initial and I recall that S is T over T so in this case I'm giving you this should be a particular case where I've chosen a linear schedule as we'll see this may not be necessarily the best one but at time 0 the Hamiltonian is H i so it's going to be H of S equals 0 is going to be H i and H of S equals 1 is going to be H f okay and if I run if I am able to prepare the system in the initial state which is one of the requirements for the adiabatic theorem so that I must be able to prepare this initial state which is the ground state of the initial Hamiltonian then the adiabatic theorem assures us that this evolving with this Hamiltonian is going to generate the solution we are looking for okay so so this is essentially how things are going to work and for the time I need because we said that this I need a certain amount of time to do this and the time I need is going to be dictated by the derivatives of the data Hamiltonian and its minimal gap so I can get the runtime of the algorithm up with a certain precision so this is a runtime at fixed precision by computing this object so the analysis for when running this kind of algorithm for a certain problem is going to be right on a Hamiltonian which interpolates between an initial one and a final one the final one should solve your problem of interest and the initial one should have a ground state which is sufficiently easy to prepare so we should be able to do this ground state preparation and after the evolution if the time is longer than a running time which is depends inversely with the gap squared of the Hamiltonian along the evolution path the system is going to return the the ground state of the final Hamiltonian which is also the solution of our initial problem so this is just the let's say the theoretical side so let's how the algorithm should work in theory and tomorrow I will discuss examples for the algorithm and I'm going to show how it actually works in practice for some specific problems yeah so it's not so important so in this case the norm is two norm but


Let's go Yes, sir Orin we saved it for last We saved it for last. How about this man? We have ten of ten Chet Holmgren on the RPA for color Yes, that is a monster.  I'm just a little jealous of that one just a little bit Ten of ten


How many touchdowns is Odell Beckham Jr. going to score this season? I'm going to low ball 19 toddies. I don't even know if that's possible. I'd like to see him get at least like six or seven, yeah, probably. I don't know how banged up he still is. I think it's just awesome to have him in the clubhouse and like mentoring some of our younger guys we have there. I'm going to go with the solid 12. 12. That's going to get him to the Pro Bowl. I'm here for him. Bad player. Terry McClaren is better. 10. Oh, that's a lot. You know how many scored with the Browns in his two seasons? Barely played with him. 9. He scored 9. He had Baker throw him to him, right? I'll say probably 8. 7. That's a pretty decent number. 8. I'll give him 12. 100.


God creates the water and we dig wells. The enemy seeks to stop the wells by covering it with dirt. The wells become dry and the dry wells become prisons. From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence and the violent take it by force. The world you live in is dying out of thirst. The church is the well where rivers of living water flow to bring life to people. Breakthrough to finances. Peace to families. Healing to physical bodies and freedom to souls. Join us as we go digging. In Genesis chapter 26 verse 15 it says the following. Now the Philistines had stopped up all the wells that his father's servants had dug in the days of Abraham his father. And they had filled them with... What did they fill them with? What does your translation say? Earth dirt? Some of you are saying dirt. Your neighbor is saying earth. What is my translation? So earth or dirt? So the background of the story is that Isaac goes into the promised land and the Bible says there were wells there that used to be operational. They used to have the water in them. But the Philistines, they went in and they covered these wells with earth or with soil or with dirt. And the Isaac later on goes in and starts redigging old wells. I believe one of the things that God is doing with our church is he's redigging old wells. The wells of revival that were happening even in the United States. God is bringing those back. But not only he's redigging old wells, we're going to be also digging some new wells. Because we're not just about to relive the past. We're about to create new future with the Holy Ghost because somebody say amen. Even in the facility that we are in right now, the church that was here before, there was a great move of God that was happening. There are people in the church now who were a part of the church that was here before. There was mighty miracles and deliverances and healings that were taking place. And I believe that God is using the hungry generation to redig the wells that were dug before. Come on somebody. The wells of healing, the wells of revival, the wells of breakthrough, the wells of deliverance, the wells of the gifts of the Holy Ghost, the wells of the mighty move of God, the wells of worship, the wells of evangelism, the wells of prayer, the wells of fasting. God is redigging all the wells. Somebody say yes. Somebody touch your neighbor and say it's time. Touch your other neighbor and say it's to dig the well. To dig the well. But I want to point out the first thing that we read today is the Philistines stopped the wells by filling them with dirt. Philistines stopped the wells by filling them not with junk, not with garbage, not with broken up things, but we filled them with dirt.  What I mean by a well, I'm talking about your soul. A well is my spirit, it's my soul. In the Bible, any time there was a well that had no water, those wells became prisons. If you remember where they threw Joseph in, it was the well that had no water. If you remember they threw Jeremiah into the well that had no water. I genuinely believe that when a person becomes a believer in Jesus Christ and they no longer host the presence of God, their well that's supposed to be a place of the passion of God becomes a prison of the enemy. Their heart, instead of carrying the glory of Jesus, it becomes a carrier of change, troubles and the problems of life and sometimes even demonic influences. See, God intended your well to be a carrier of water. But if you don't carry water, the enemy has a plan for it to turn it into a prison where he imprisons different things. Even Jesus says in Matthew, he says that my house will be a house of, my well will be a place of water. And then he says, but you have turned it into a den of thieves, meaning it became a prison. It became a hiding place. It became a den for the demons, for the things that steal our passions, steal our desires. God created your heart to be a fireplace. Don't turn it into a trash can. God created your heart to be a place, not only where you live by the memories of yesterday, but by the dreams of tomorrow.  You're no longer living by faith. You're no longer walking in the Holy Spirit. You are living by your history, not by your destiny. God wants your heart to be a well where there is a living water flowing. And if you stop that, the enemy has a plan to turn your well into a prison, to turn your life into a spiritual, emotional, mental, financial, and relational prison. But there are people in this room today who are going to tell the devil, no, not today Satan, not with me. You might do it with that person and that person and that person. I ain't becoming a prison to nobody. I already experienced my prison break by the cross of Jesus and I'm not going back to that. I only have one life on this earth and I will live it for Jesus. I will live burning for Jesus. My heart will beat for evangelism. My feet will walk after God. My mouth will declare his praise. My ears will hear his word. My eyes will gaze upon the glory of the Lord. I ain't becoming a prison. I'm a place of passion. Can somebody say amen? Can somebody say I'm a place of passion? I'm a place of fire. I'm a place of living water. That's why I will fast. That's why I will pray. That's why I will give life. I'm not going to become someone's prison. I'm a place of passion. A well without water is a prison. But another thing that I want to point out to you about wells is that in the Bible, wells were places of connection. Most of the men in the Bible found their wives at the wells. If you remember Isaac's wife was found at the well. Isaac didn't do that but his oldest servant of the father went and found the wife by the well. If you remember Moses found his wife at the well. Jacob found his wife at the well. Even Jesus found a woman at the well. Oh somebody. I felt like the Lord has spoken to somebody in this room. So what if we stop being gold diggers and become well diggers? What if man you stop building an empire and start digging a well? I know the Instagram says build an empire, find a queen and live a happy life. That's what Instagram says. What the Word of God says is dig a well and you'll find somebody by that well. See if many of us will chase women less and chase the Lord more, some of you men you will have women chase you. Some of you will find that woman because if you have a well, you will have a woman. My God. I have a feeling that is a single man right there giving a drum. But there are people in this room today that you don't need a woman. Maybe you need a contract. Maybe you're looking for a connection. Maybe you are looking for somebody to open a door for you. I want to encourage you in Matthew chapter 6 verse 33. It says seek first the well of God and everything else you will find right at that well. See and Jesus says before that verse he said that he then seek after these things. But you do it differently. He says I create connections at the well. I create business connections at the well. I create contracts at the well. I open doors at the well. So if you find yourself a right well that has a living water, God says don't be surprised. Not only you'll find water there, you will find some people there that will forever alter your destiny. Don't be chasing promotion. Chase his presence. Promotion will chase you.  And the Bible says goodness and mercy will follow you all the days of your life. That means there's some good things, some things you don't deserve will follow you. See the world follows those things. We as believers we find a well and things follow us. And these signs will follow those who believe. And the signs are not accidents and breakdowns and the back gives out. Those are not the signs. If you find a well, you have signs. Goodness and mercy will follow you. So if you are here today and you are desperate for a relationship.  If you are here today and you are desperate for somebody to give you the job that you went to university for. I want to ask you what if you switch the desperation for God's presence like that.  You will be surprised how many connections you will find at the right well. Can somebody say amen. What the enemy does is that he knows that we can find connections. He knows we can find a real genuine relationship by cultivating a life full of the Holy Spirit. So what he does, I want you to watch this. And Philistines fill the well with dirt. Now dirt in the farm is soil. Dirt in the well is dirt. If you take soil in the backyard for the flowers, it has nutrients. It's beautiful. It's not dirty. It belongs there. It fuels the plants, the flowers. Take the same soil out of the farm and put it on your dresser. Put it on your coffee table and that soil is no longer soil. It's dirt. The same thing applies to sex. Put it into marriage, it's soil. Take it outside of marriage, it's dirty. That's why we feel guilty. The same thing applies to cares of life and business of life. It has its place, but the moment the enemy takes the life and fills your well with life, it's no longer soil. It's a burden. It becomes a stress trigger. It becomes something that gives you sleepless nights. It becomes something that then you need to go and find a numbing mechanism or a medicating mechanism to deal with. And that's why Jesus says that what the enemy will do is he will take the deceitfulness of riches that cares of this life and he will try to plug the well, not with drugs and alcohol and pornography and gambling, not with that, but with soil of life. The enemy plugs the wells of water.  You just, you're just tired. You're just exhausted. Life was so simple when you had nothing going. You hated it. You were envious of everybody who had something going until your life started going. And the mortgage came in. And the phone payment came in. And the internet payment came in. And Netflix raised their price. And then the tires need to be changed. And then the college tuition is due. And then the drama at work. And then the drama with your growth. And now you're not sure if you want one. And now all of this stuff begins to pile up. And the enemy has a trick behind his sleeve, is he will put the soil that's supposed to be in our backyard and he will plug the well. And of course we excuse it and say, you don't understand, Vlad. I have to think about these things. I have to live anxious. I have to live worried. I have to be busy. I can't afford to pray. I can't afford to fast. I can't afford to read the Word. I can't afford to be focused on God. I got to focus on my life. Just remember, the soil that's plugging the well is quenching the water. If you would let your well be unplugged, it will water the soil. The very thing the enemy uses as a distraction from our passion for God is for one reason. So he can keep the soil from being watered. So that our soil doesn't produce fruit. It only produces business. Why? Because we've let that, the earth, the job, the responsibilities for some of us, we're not plugged with soil. We're plugged with junk. We're plugged with liquor. We're plugged with smoking. We're plugged with extramarital affair. We're plugged with pornography. We're plugged with things that we delete the browser history. We're plugged with things we do after 11 o'clock, sneak out of the house. We're plugged with shady stuff. We're plugged with sending news on Snapchat.  But today, you are not here so we can condemn you.  The Holy Spirit wants to unplug your well. If it's dirt, he wants to unplug that and put the dirt back into the farm so that your water waters your dirt. The Holy Ghost can water your business. The Holy Ghost can water your family. The Holy Spirit can water your career. The Holy Spirit can water your ministry. He can water your children. He can water your health. He can water the very thing you are worried about. He has the capacity to water.  So you can live with the favor of God, with the grace of God, and with the anointing of God. Somebody needs to unplug themselves today. Somebody needs to disconnect themselves today. Somebody needs to shake things up today. Somebody needs to tell the devil that time has expired. Smoking has expired. Alcoholism has expired. Adultery has expired. Pornography has expired. Why? Because I gotta be unplugged. I gotta be with flow. Somebody give God some praise right now. If you feel like this is for you, raise your hands right now. Begin to unplug yourself. Come on, raise your hands right now. Just for next 30 seconds. Begin to unplug yourself right now. If there is something else that preoccupies your mind. If there is something else that occupies your spirit. If there is something else that could not let your mind be turned off. Right now is the moment to release the prayer, to release the war cry. Philistines used dirt to plug the wells. The enemy will use life to plug your soul. Some of us, he will use sin to plug our soul. But I wanna encourage you today with point number two. The scripture says in Genesis 26 and verse 18 the following. So when the enemy plugged the well with earth, Isaac dug again the wells of water, which they had dug in the days of Abraham his father. For the Philistines had stopped them up after the death of Abraham. Isaac dug up the wells again. I believe if you have backslidden, if you remember days that you loved God more than you love him today. If you remember days where you pursued Jesus more than you have pursued him today. If you remember time where you were committed to giving more than you are committed today. If you remember time that the sensitivity to the presence of God was so real and it's more than today and you have backslidden. My friend, you backslider. I don't care if you're not smoking, drinking or getting laid.  But the good news is you have a shovel and we can go digging today. God's gonna dig the dirt out. God's gonna restore you today. God's gonna release his word right now and he's gonna start bringing conviction back and restore you. And tomorrow morning I'm gonna see you at prayer. And then Tuesday night we're gonna see you back at life group. And it's not because you're worse than even these wells needed to be redugged again. It's completely fine if you find yourself right now in the place where you lost it. But don't stay like there. Don't stay like there. The Bible says they dug the wells again. How do you dig a well? I'm so glad you asked. In Revelation chapter 2 verse 5 it says this, For I have this one thing against you, says the Lord. Is that you have lost your water. You lost your water, God says. You still have a form of a well. It's just, it's no longer watering your land. In fact, your land has filled up, plugged your well. And God says, I have a problem.  I designed you not just so you can be busy running on the treadmill, sweating like crazy and getting nowhere. I didn't design you. I have no room to move in your life because you plugged my spirit up.  Well, I have salvation. I have the Holy Spirit. But God says, see, I didn't give you the spirit. So you will just hide him. I gave him so you can release him. And he's not being released into your business. He's not being released into your relationship because he's so plugged over there with the soil, with the compromise and with the sin. You are limiting my spirit by only keeping him to yourself. And he's not being released into your life. And God says, today I want to unplug you. And how do you unplug yourself? Four R's. R number one, remember the good old days. That's what God says. Remember from where you've fallen. Meaning remember how things used to be. Remember when God was your everything. Remember when you had nothing. Remember the day when you were young. Maybe you were a teenager and you grew up in a broken family. And you just encountered God. And nothing else mattered except Jesus. God says, remember that day.   Remember that day.  Repent. Meaning how do you get back to those days? It's very simple.   You didn't ignore your family? You didn't ignore your business?  You didn't ignore them?  They had your back. And the weird part about it is that God seemed to bless what was behind you more than when you turned your face toward it. And God says, repent means this.  You mean turn my back on school? Turn your back on your family? You already did that a long time ago.   Your back is toward the ministry. Your face is toward the glory of Jesus. Your back is toward your financial goals.  I will water that that you turn your back to.  Moses has asked, Lord, I want to see your face. I felt this week the Lord say to me, Vlad, I want to see your face.  It's buried in good things called ministry. It's buried in good things like writing a book, the next travel gig, the next thing, the healing testimonies, all of this stuff. He said, your face is glued to everything. But he said, remember the day where you had nothing to look at except my face. Your back was toward everything else and it seems like blessings started to find you when you were not looking for them.  The Lord says to some of you here today, I want to see your face. I see your body here, but I want to see your face.  And my friend, remember, whatever you give your face to, you don't have the power to water it. God can water what you turn your back to in your attempt to give your face to the Lord. Repentance means I turn my face back to the Lord, which means my back will go to everything else. And again, I don't mean that you come to your parents and say, Mom, I'm giving you my back. I'm done with you guys. I'm not saying you come to your spouse and say, hey, just want to let you know you're no longer important to me.    Oh, he's been hating you, by the way. No, no, no, no, no, no, no. That is not what the Lord says. The Lord says that we turn our face toward him and we put everything else a second. And most of those things in our life, I find it, will do much better being second than being first. You know what the Lord says after that? He says, remember, repent. And then he says, repeat. Do the same works you did before. Some of you say, man, I lost my passion. But if you remember, you used to fast. Do the first things you did before. But if you remember, you didn't come to church 10 minutes late. You used to come 10 minutes early. Do the first things you did before. If you remember the first time when you got paid, you right away took 10% and you treated it as sacred before God. It was your trust in God. It didn't do it because you had to. You felt the sacred thing of honoring God. Today you tip, not tithe. Do the first works. If you remember, you looked at something and you felt guilty. And now you don't. God says, do the first things you did before. Repeat. It's a very simple formula. If you repeat what you did before, the Lord says the fire will come back. The flame will come back. The water will flow again. My favor will flow again. Can somebody say amen? I remember. I repent. I repeat. And then there's going to be a reward. What is going to be the reward? Jesus says whoever he who overcomes, he said these things will happen. I genuinely believe the favor begins to follow when his face is sought. I am not saying you're going to get rich, but you will be blessed. And it will add no sorrow with it. The favor will follow. Favor is this. It's when you get things you don't work for, you don't deserve, and your education don't qualify you for. Favor, it's when you get things that seems to be a little bit unfair. Favor is when God begins to get involved and God begins to water the world. Other people are trying to cultivate. With you, you have a partner on your side.  He actually makes you a better husband when you focus on being a better follower. He makes you a better father when you focus on being a better disciple of Jesus. He actually makes you a better preacher when you don't focus on preaching but you focus on praying.  His favor begins to follow. Somebody say favor. That's your neighbor, and it's ain't fair. Favor. The scripture says that's exactly what started to happen. The water came out, the wells were watered and I'm going to bring this message to an end. And if we can read one more verse and this verse will be verse 22. And he moved from there and dug another well and they did not quarrel over it. And he called his name by the good name that I will not pronounce. Because he said, For now the Lord has made room for us and we shall be fruitful in the land. I want you to see this. Is that Isaac goes in and he digs a well that his father used to have. He redigs that well.  They begin to drink. The livestock begins to drink. The farmland is... The father and the mother who are always getting on your case to get your grades up. The moment you start going to church and now they're against you. Why do you betray your religion and you went to that church? You turn your back on Catholicism. You're like, Mom, we were never Catholics. We only professed Catholicism. We never possessed that faith. We all live like heathens. And now that I'm actually possessing my faith everybody is against me.  Because some people's security is based on you not getting ahead. Some people's confidence is based on you failing. And the moment you start succeeding their insecurity surfaces and they will reject you. Therese is hated Jesus. Not because he did miracles but because he made them insecure. Even Pilate saw that betraying Jesus was because of envy. Jesus stood up. Jesus had crowds. Jesus's words were obeyed by the wind and the demons. And people followed that. And Pharisees were jealous of that. And they were fighting him. And the only way to stop people fighting you is to stop growing. Which is a high price to pay to satisfy unsatisfiable critics. What do you do when in your pursuit of the well you create a controversy? What do you do if Philistines stop filling your well? But now they filled your life with drama.  You think you're better than us.  I'm just trying to be better than me. Is that a crime? They will think it is. It's like a football game. Nobody's tackling you until you get the ball. And the only way they'll stop tackling is if you lose the ball. I'll rather have the ball and have the world attack and have the other team on my side the team Jesus the team the angels of God the team of the spirit of God and score a touchdown with my life that tried to reduce my life to prove my ex wrong prove my parents wrong prove the people who hate me wrong prove my abusers wrong I'm not living to prove anything to no one I'm living to please only one person whose name is Jesus Christ I'm living my life to finish the race score a touchdown and make sure he is pleased can somebody say amen.


Hey everyone, Drew with Geoalarm and I am back to talk to you about the Geoalarm application for the phone and also how to bypass zones that have been maybe put in trouble or left open or whatever the case may be. But this video is going to teach you how to go ahead and bypass those zones. So what we're going to go ahead and do first here is we're going to have to go ahead and trigger the zone to make sure that it is appearing as a faulted zone. So I already have a zone programmed in, I'll go ahead and I'll fault it, meaning I'll open it or I'll take the magnet away from the actual device itself. Okay, we now have our fault done there. So this thing is going to be in a not ready to arm status here once we update this. So if you look at sensors, you look down there in the bottom and you see that front door has been left open. If you go ahead and highlight that and check it. It automatically will bypass the zone. At that point you're going to get a notification if you have your push text and email notifications triggered. It'll automatically send that so it says zone bypass. And then at this point you can go ahead and arm and disarm the system. See there's another text message. So at this point you can arm and disarm the system. I'm going to go ahead and arm it just to show you that it is actually active right now.  Alright at this point it is arming so the zone being bypassed allowed us to arm the system. If the zone doesn't get bypassed then you're going to be unable to arm the system. So make sure to have your zones all squared up and if you do need to bypass just use the app down at the very bottom, super easy to do. I'm going to go ahead and disarm it here. Once you disarm that also will clear the bypassing.  But this is how you bypass sensors and prepare your system to be armed when maybe you have some sensor troubles or something along those lines. This is Drew with GRM once again. If you have any questions or comments please leave them down below. Other than that take care and have a great day. Please like and subscribe to our page for helpful programming and installation videos, product reviews, and more. Visit www.geoarm.com or call<PHONE_NUMBER> geoarm, the worldwide leader in DIY security.


Hey Chloe How are you today? You good?  Okay, remember you have to go slowly Five second bubbles in the water kick with your little legs and do a tiger with your hands when you want to take a break Okay, we are going slowly and easy One two three tiger bubbles slowly one two three Take your time Chloe. All right Are you all right? Yes Okay, remember to take your time. We are going back together Yes, we are going back over there on the wall together. Okay, take your time and slowly One two three Do your hands tiger to breathe. Good All right, remember to breathe and bubbles Hmm Well done, Chloe high five High five Yes, everybody is watching you. Hey, hey Chloe high five. We are going back. Look this time you can go underwater. Okay So show me how you do All right, show me come Chloe All right, let's go. Come here. Bubbles bubbles There you We are going back together. Hi, show me Did you take your time Chloe? Did you move your legs? Did you blow your bubbles five seconds? But that's perfect High five


Hey guys, shea bear here. Let's check out this free bike monkey got yesterday Okay Yesterday if you watched the video I posted yesterday where I vlog and monkey rode in with this bicycle And it had a free sign on it. So she stopped and picked it up It is a hyper it's the spin fit 700 C It's a fitness bike. They also They call these the hybrids because you can it's like a mountain bike. You can take it off-road or you know on the street It does have the Shimano Gear train in it. There's Shimano there The Shimano and You've got The Shimano shifter so the drivetrain is all Shimano, which is good stuff now. They started making these bikes In 1990, okay now From what I what I got from the The serial number there's a serial number right underneath here right underneath there from what I get the serial number It's a 2017. It's in very good shape now I See these they're new online. You can get them anywhere between a hundred and eighty six dollars Or up to two hundred and seven so one eighty six to two hundred and seven so I don't know what they're going for used I did see a used one It wasn't Identical to this it was all black. I did say used one. They wanted a hundred and a half for But let's check it out. Okay, so Front brakes seem to work good That brakes work good. I didn't notice this tire Has a little wear on it if you guys can see anything or not and the sun Does have a little wear on it compared to the front so it has been ridden so it's like Not quite a year and a half old so it's a little over a year old from what I'm getting on the From the serial number so it's pretty decent needs cleaned up discussing grease and dirt on it from the chain someone's over oiled the chain But it is a 21 speed So it's got 21 gears on it Now I'm going to take it up the driveway here. Let's see how it rides Okay, guys seems like all the gears work good The brakes are excellent This I like this you can You just flip that over like that and adjust your seat up and down Hard to do one-handed here. So you got to do to adjust the seat And it's got the red reflector the white reflector so Seems to be a pretty good bicycle. I'll have to clean it up and And see what they're going for used and This kind of shape if it wasn't for that back tire it would be excellent shape But I still say it's pretty damn good condition. So Yeah, that's a That's pretty good bike right there And that little ride about killed me Looks like there's a little kink in that right there. All right Yeah seems to be all right She did good monkey did good. It's still got all the stickers on it. There's a 22 22 Guessing those are inspection stickers still got the warning stickers wearing helmet when you ride so Those haven't been peeled off. It's been well taken care of them betting. It's never sat outside in the rain I mean the seats in excellent condition overall the bikes in damn good shape. So Monkey did good. So I'm just going to clean it up and I'll find out what they're going for used in Put it on the auction block. All right So guys Still got that thing. I'd like to do something with it, but I'm probably going to end up selling it Okay, guys, so there you go. There's another one for you freebie free stuff. I'll also put this under the playlist of flea market finds maybe Maybe I'll start maybe I'll start a playlist. It's free stuff So that's the third bike we've gotten free in a couple weeks. So that's pretty cool All right guys, thanks for watching Shea Bear the myth man a legend. I'm gone for now Don't forget to check out monkey 1000 channel. I'll see you guys soon. Bye. Bye now


Hello, everyone. My name is Carlos. I am the founder and CEO of Product School and today I'm here with Vivek Raghunathan, co-founder of Neva and former vice president of Google. I'm so glad to have you here. Welcome. I'm super excited to be here, Carlos, and looking forward to the conversation. Yes, me too. I mean, it's not every day that we have someone who's been at Google for 12 years as a VP in your latest tenure there before you started your current company. So we're going to cover everything in a second, but take me back to those days where you were trying to break into tech and what was your story? Right. So my first interaction with the computer was actually back in 91. My mom was a teacher at the time and she got us a 80286 if you guys remember what that was.  I knew I was going to be doing this all my life, right? So spent about 10 years in academia, four years at an undergraduate college in India, six years at the University of Illinois, and then joined Google. I put everything in a car, went to Google in 2007. It was much smaller than it is today. I think it was like maybe 10,000 people. Today it's like maybe a couple hundred thousand people. And so started off just as an individual contributor just like many of you likely are and ended up as the VP of Engineering who had brought oversight over all of ads on YouTube. My first four years, I think mostly what I learned was how you use data at scale to derive hypotheses on what can work, what cannot work. Once you have that hypothesis actually tested, drive customer value. And if you do that at a place like Google with the scale it did, you make a ton of money for Google, you make users really happy. My next four years was the funnest. I spent four years ideating a product called Google Now, which many of you like to use on your phones. It's part of what Google calls the assistant today. And we ideated this from the ground up. I worked with a really fun set of people, a partner, who's at Robin Hood Now, a large school taking who runs a big part of Google's assistant effort. Fun because there was no product. We were starting to crash and building something that he has like a few hundred million reactives. And just that act was very different. My last four years were more of an enterprise business. I spent time on YouTube ads. It's like a 15 to 20 billion dollar business. I drove all of the monetization for that. It goes with growth machine, but the thing people don't realize is how that business has pivoted from being a purely brand and TV advertiser focused business to being a lot more performance marketers business, things that focus on app installs and stuff like that. And that pivot happened when I was there. So really fun. I think breaking in big advice to anyone joining would be work on the hardest problems you can find. It takes as much time to work on them as it takes to work on the simpler ones and the impact if you will be successful is a lot, lot higher. You're very humble and make it sound like it's no big deal, but obviously it was amazing your career before you decided to start your own company. I want to talk for a second about your latest role at Google because getting to be in a VP is not just based on the amount of years you've been working for the company. So what was kind of that take me to that moment where you go from being an individual being a great individual contributor to then taking the leap and becoming a great manager? Right. So I think I'm going to say started around end 2014 early 2015. I got thrown in the deep end of the pool. We bought YouTube. Google bought YouTube back in 2006, I think. And Google had been running YouTube's ad business mostly on top of the double click stack, which many of you know is the display ad stack that powers most of Google's businesses. And I got thrown in the deep end of the pool as told to build a first class built for YouTube ad system from the ground up. That could truly use the power of what users did at YouTube to make the ads look more relevant. Of course, I like to remember my reaction when I was thrown in the deep end. I said, hey, I'd like to do this with a 6% team and I'd like to be the one actually in the weeds of the project on a day-to-day basis. And my boss at the time is my co-founder now. He ran all of ads at Google. He also ran all of infrastructure at Google. And I think he just smiled to himself. I didn't think he said it. He said, I support you in whatever way you want to be successful. Three months later, it was a 50% team. Two years later, it was a 200% team. Three years later, it was a 400% team. And really it was, we were doing very disruptive things on top of what was already a very big business. If there's one kind of learning from there is businesses that get big or products that get big, the biggest risk you have is yourself. You suffer from the curse of incriminate tourism, right? You don't do big enough things.  I think that the effects of that are being seen in how YouTube is doing in the market today. It's 40%, 50% growth. And I see a pattern here. You talked about building from zero to one within Google, which obviously comes with very high expectations of what it takes for that new product to then be deployed to market and be successful compared to maybe older startups that are constantly experimenting, launching a feature. And as long as there is some sort of traction, they just go live. So what are some of those parameters that you need to follow at Google in order to define that experiment success and send it to market? I think going back to my time at Google, it's not actually very different from many of you who would be in a startup. I think the big difference is you have distribution. So if you get some kind of fit, you don't have to wait for distribution. You can throw distribution as the problem. That is a little bit of a double-edged sword. You can also throw distribution at products that don't have fit and still be somewhat successful at becoming like Google. If anything, I think in the roles I was at Google and the roles were very different, right? The ad business on YouTube is much more of an enterprise-focused business. The Google Now business is a lot more of a consumer-focused business. For enterprise-focused business, I would say ultimately, your sales teams will sell what they can sell. So if you're building products that they are not able to take to market, if you go to market function is not able to commercialize your efforts, you're kind of dead in the water. So the most important thing that I spent lots of my time when I was at YouTube was just deeply understanding what the customer needs were, deeply working with my cross-functional partners in the go-to-market teams and understanding what we could bring to market that would actually help them grow the business. And trading off this what I'll call fierce urgency of now, you always want to sell what you had yesterday because you can sell it versus like inventory inventing the future and having the right mix between those two things. Yeah, and I can imagine that patience is important because some of the things that you are trying to do are for the long term. However, we've seen a lot of, Google has been famous for shutting down products that were kind of successful. At least they had some millions of users, but maybe it wasn't a good fit for the long-term strategy. Yeah, I think, and to me, this is why I said the ad side of the business and the consumer side of the business are very different in my mind. I think the ad side of the business that editing or that pruning down or that natural fine-tuning of what happens is happening because your successful products are getting more customers, they're getting more revenue, they're getting more resources thrown at them and that loop or that flywheel can even, the consumer side to your point is much harder, because you can get to 100 million. Yeah, I can imagine that shutting down something that is working is harder, I mean, that's less obvious than something that is not working. Right, and you see this in the number of messaging products that Google has had over the years where you keep it reading on something and like may not always work, right, it's never guaranteed to work. I think Google now in many ways, I think was lucky to be bundled as part of Android in the early days, so it was able to get lots of users and that flywheel was able to kick in. I know also Google has been famous for just basically introducing product management when it wasn't really that cool. You guys created one of the first, if not the first, APM program and obviously a lot of famous product managers there. So when you were there as a VP, what was your relationship? What was that secret sauce between working between engineers, designers and product managers? Yeah, I'll say a few things. I think some of these will also talk to things like, myths and misconceptions people have sometimes, right, but I'll also give you like my perspective on how I went about doing that. I think single most important thing, we thought of ourselves as a joint team. We did not think of ourselves as functional organizations that had goals of their own that were working with each other in some kind of, you know, there's no such thing as the product that writes the PRD and the engineer writes the design doc and the engineer design doc implements the, any time I had heard the conversation in my teams about, oh, you know, the strategy is not the right one. I just shut that conversation down on day one. I told them we're going to think of ourselves as one combined team or, you know, get everyone in the room. And the same thing helped for my product peers and my design peers. They very much thought of execution of the strategy as part of their mandate and as something they did together. And if they hit any roadblocks, we worked on it together.  One is this notion of like very tight boundaries between the various functions. I think things are a lot more fluid. If anything, I think the APM program makes it even more fluid, right? The second thing, I think that I saw very much was sometimes, you know, as engineers and PMs and designers, we have this should be very data driven, which is kind of the, or should we talk to users a lot and the market a lot, or should we go with our gut, right? And each function brings some aspect of that to the table. And in my mind, great product building is adaptive, right? If you have very little data, no clear picture of who your user is, you don't have a clear picture of their need, you need to start with your gut and build a shitty MVP and talk to users and get their feedback, right? If you have a clear visualization of the product need, if you walk into a meeting with your potential user and they tell you, here's a demo of this thing you're going to build for me that I already built, like you have your user, right? You just go and execute, that's all you have to do, right?  You can, you feel the right shade of like lilac that you should have like the link as just to share the experimentation side, almost they being adaptive to what strengths you have in the teams you have is kind of super important. And not all teams at Google were built like that. There were big teams with lots of design support and there are tiny teams with one product manager and 50 engineers and like, yeah, your style has to change depending on which team you're in. So now, at the beginning of 2019, you and your co-founder who's also an executive at Google decide to start a company from scratch. Why? It's a, I'll give you my story and you know, if you have Shridhar on here, you can ask him his story. My story is fairly simple, right? Like I told you, I did three things at Google. I worked on search, I worked on Google Now and then at Nats for YouTube. And when I built Google Now, I, and when I worked on ads in YouTube, I had this like knowing feeling, like a little nagging feeling in the back of my head that I was missing something, right? We would have conversations about should we trade off privacy or should we trade off or should we be more personal, right? Like if I could know that your package was on the way, should I tell you on your phone that your package is on the way and you should go pick it up at your doorstep or should I knock that involves me having to parse your email? Should I do that, right? Where is the line between privacy and personalization? And when I was at YouTube, we spent lots of conversations about, you know, how much, you know, advertisers love reach and frequency. And we would have these conversations around, you know, how many times is seeing the same ad like, okay, like users don't like it. That's what your customer wants. What is the balance between what your users want and what your customers want?  He was at Greylock, which is the venture firm. And he's a venture partner there. And he's figuring out what to do next. And he's pulling on this thread. And the thread he was pulling on was you can't reimagine search the product without reimagining the business model that underpin search, right? And the key insight he had was let's build a new search engine. We'll reimagine search, but it will start with the premise that the customer is the user. There's no other customer of the product. It's a subscription product. It'll be ad free on day one. It'll be private on day one. But from the freedom we get from that underlying business model, we can rethink the product itself, right? I thought it was the coolest insight I've heard in my life. When I heard the insight, I was like, yeah, you know, I need to do this, right? And so it was, you know, a good friend of mine once told me you cannot, you should leave to start something if you cannot not start it. You know, that like height we took up the Stanford ish was that was that insight for me. So it was pretty clear, like, you know, told my wife, told my kids, told my boss, like arranged for things that I could leave for, you know, in a month and a half. And we go far into the company in early February. Hey, good as to you, my, my admiration goes to you and your co-founder. I think it's fascinating that, you know, I can totally see the PR headlight, like two Google executives leave the company to reinvent online search. I think it's incredible. But at the same time, it's very risky for many reasons.  So I can imagine, obviously, there's some unfair advantages based on your experience working at Google and also in general, at building products. But still, building now from literally from scratch, not having those hundreds of engineers at your disposal. How did you have to shift your own, your own work style, like to really make sure that you are being efficient with this new environment? I think it's a great question, Carlos. I get asked this question a lot. And I'll kind of break the answer up into two or three pieces. So you'll get a feel for the various pieces, right? What is one of the inputs, right? What would you do differently now versus, you know, 20 years ago, or if you're in a big company, right? In a big company, you can take the support system in terms of the infrastructure for granted. You can't really do that outside. But what's changed is, you know, you can build on the shoulders of giants, right? Cloud services are incredibly cheap, like data processing frameworks are everywhere, Spark kind of works. You can rely on amazing data analytics platforms, whether it's Snowflake or Redshift or Mold or Amplitude or any of these things. They can get your stack running and piece it together by renting out the pieces that you care for much faster than you would if you were in a bigger company, right? So I'd say that's like one big thing. Second big input is need to be very careful to understand. And, you know, we all do this when we build product.  One way of saying this is, you know, you're trying to acquire loyal subscribers. Where are you going to get loyalty and delight and reward from your customers? And where are you investing in something? Because if you didn't do it, they would leave like it's a churn preventer versus like, you know, it's what sales would call an objection handler, right? And being very crisp and clear about you can't differentiate everywhere, that like products that try to differentiate everywhere, differentiate nowhere. So what are those one or two things that could be very different? And then everywhere else, you're just trying to make sure the experience is good enough so you can get off the ground and like rely on the bet that you're one or two things are. So actually that's the second big thing, like is figuring out what those differentiated bets are for Niva, that's a very deeply personal experience. You can put your personal content in and we'll search over it, but the experience gets a lot better. You can choose which providers you like, which providers you hate. The second big thing Niva does is we are very publisher centric. We try to blend, blur the lines between searching and browsing. We bring in answers from great content on the web into the search experience, right? So I'd say that second big thing is figuring out what those differentiators are that are both great value to users, solve a real user problem, but don't kind of are not easy to replicate by a bigger incumbent, if you will. Third big thing, how do you hide out and build out for a problem as big as this? I like to structure my team as pods. They're roughly autonomous five group units that can run with missions by themselves and they're loosely coupled. They know what their goals are. They're aligned with everybody else's goals, but they're roughly autonomous to do whatever they want. And that lets us really run all these goals in a fairly focused fashion without needing everybody to talk to each other to make sure everything is just perfect. I'm excited to check out Niva. So what is the status of the product today? Oh, perfect. We came out of stealth mid-June of 2019. We are in alpha right now. You can go to the website on www.niva.com and sign up and try the product. We're going to be coming out of our alpha pretty soon and doing a much bigger push in the next six to eight weeks. So stay posted, but if you can't wait for that, like www.niva.com, sign up. You should start becoming a Niva customer using us as the end of this call. So that is an interesting rollout process, like this in the startup land where we are used to company shipping, let's say within months. And you mentioned that you've been in alpha for two years now coming out of beta. So what was that logic behind taking longer just to build before you test with market? Right. So I think a couple things, right? First, search as you know, it is a much broader surface problem. The thing I find most fascinating about search is just the diversity of human needs, like 10 to 20% of all searches that every search agency, even the biggest ones, are completely unique. They've never been seen before. It speaks to the diversity of human needs, but it also speaks to the bar you have for making a search experience great, right? People trust their lives with a search product. Like people type in health conditions that a loved one might have to see what the prognosis is. People type in summer camps for their kids to see what their kids could do. People will prep for an interview or for a job, like using their search engines. The bar for a search engine being great, super high. At the same time, we've been iterating with our users for much longer than this. The second kind of thinking we've had a lot more, it is really important for us and our users to be able to use Niva for all their search needs. Not kind of one time a day, not kind of like, but you know, as their exclusive search experience for long periods of time. And so lots of our alpha has been just iterating with the number of users we have. It's in the high thousands and work with them on making sure that we're meeting all their needs to the place where we feel fairly comfortable. And now we can, so I would say some of the labels there, alpha and beta, are almost monikers, right? Our alpha is as close to a fully flashed out product as your one. I mean, online search is something we'll do every day, multiple times a day. And I agree with you, there's a big opportunity to reinvent and be more efficient around it. What would you say are some of those big level opportunities for the future of online search? Right, it's a great question. I think one thing we all learn as people who care about product and users is you need to be in love with the problem and the mission statement, not necessarily your tactics, right? I've been super passionate about search and discovery. I think it's a utility that we don't fully grow the value of it in our lives, right? Let's take a utility like internet connectivity. I was in undergrad in 1998, we had a shared 64 kilobits per second line. It's let that sink in 64 kilobits per second. I have a gigabit per second line right now while I'm talking to Carlos, right? Things got 1600x better in a 20-year time frame. I think search and discovery is like that, we just search with our most intimate needs, right? To me, the vision for search is it's something that has three aspects to it, is deeply personal, right? I'd like it to be my search experience, something I'm in control of. I should be able to tell it what sources I trust. I should be able to tell it I care for these forums more. I care for this official content more. I like indie sites. I don't like big box sites. I don't like aggregators. If you're a programmer, you should tell it I care for Python 3 and not Python 2 or I care for TensorFlow and not PyTorch. If you're a designer, you should be able to tell it I care for Figma, not for Sketch. All those things should just get better, right? So that's one. I'd like it to have memory and context. These are overloaded words, but no one wakes up and says, I have 40 searches I want to do in my life. You don't do that, right? You have tasks you want to do. Maybe you have to do this interview or you have a planet trip or you use various tools to solve these tasks, right? So just help me solve these tasks and use all my context. Let me give you some examples. At the easy end, I may say typical size of an employee pool. Do I mean an employee stock option pool or do I mean a swimming pool that I'm going to have in my office for my employees, right? If you knew about me, it likely means the former. It likely means the email from my lawyers about what should the size of the stock option pool be, but why is it that search engines can't do that? That's at the easy end, right? This is not very hard. At the middle end, search for me so I don't have to search, right? Make sure I don't forget things. Make sure I don't... I'm super sloppy. Make sure I don't forget the email I forgot to reply to. Make sure I... When I come into a meeting, I'm as prepared as my sales friends would be to have these briefing books on all the people in the meeting and here's what you need to know and here's what they care for. That should be just something I don't kind of access to, right? Take advantage of all the context you have to... That's kind of still like somewhat easy. There's something impossibly hard, right? I'm trying to sign up my older kid for a summer camp for the summer. She's nine years old. She likes sports. She likes arts and crafts. Me and my wife are tiger parents, so we want to make sure her summer also has some like intellectual activities, right? We want to travel in the last two weeks. I just gave you a tax description. I told you what we want, right? The search engine should be able to use all this context and iteratively problem solve this with me. Instead, here's what we're doing. We have a Google Doc to write down all of the information about these camps. We have a spreadsheet to check out her schedule. We have lots of searches. We have lots of browsing. We have emails to friends to figure out what they're doing. Just solve this for me. Make this one amazing experience. This is impossibly hard. I don't think anybody can do this right now, but that's what excites me, right? And finally, I want an experience we can trust. More so than ever before, I don't trust the content I read online. I want an experience where you get the best content from sources you trust, where the friction to consuming information from a source you trust drops to zero, where great content from publishers is amplified. Neva will actually share at least 20% of all our revenue with publishers who we partner with. We just announced a partnership with Kora and Medium. We have more publishers coming up. I don't want to worry about whether this review I'm reading is false or this site was recommending me a product is getting paid to push it. I don't want any other stuff. I just want content I can trust from sources I love. Those three things put me in control of experience, memory and context and experience I can trust. I think if we solve these three, if someone solves these three, they'll make search 1600x better than it is. That's the opportunity in my mind. My last question to you is there are a lot of product folks on the audience who are also implementing search as part of their products. It is not maybe a public search but it's a search as part of their own e-commerce site or any other type of product. How do you think that a search engine like Google, Neva and others can be integrated to do some of those micro searches? Right. The first thing I tell you is pick me, talk to me because it's a problem I care for. I want to understand your needs. The second thing I'll say is try and build your product as a SaaS app. Try and use things like OAuth and SAML and have an API on the get go. I think where we're going to end up in the future is we're going to have the ability to cover together what I'll call search tech with your own repo and be able to use things like semantic search and lots of advances in NLP to power great search experiences. To do that, build your system from the ground up so you can integrate into all of this tech pretty easily. To do that, I'd say most important things, don't try to cover together something completely by yourself. Try to use open source if you can get going with it and you can switch over to something better over time. Try and build it in a way where you have OAuth and SAML and APIs from the get go. I think to do those two things, you should be fine. That's awesome. I think we're moving into a world where now as a product manager, it's not about just reinventing the wheel and trying to build every single component. It's more about understanding how to fit third-party components into your core product and just add value in a differentiated way instead of just trying to build yet another search engine. I could not agree more, Carlos. I think knowing which parts to build and which parts to buy are probably the most important choice you have to make right now. It's been a pleasure to chat and learn from you. Is there anything else you would like to add? No. It's been an amazing experience being over at your show. Thank you so much for having me over. If you want to try the product, just go to www.neva.com and give us feedback on what's working and more importantly, what's not because as product people, the most important thing you want to do is make our products better. Thank you so much for your time. Bye, Vivek. Bye, Carlos.


The national speaker of the Niger-Delta Comrades Assembly in Delta State, right Honourable LeBari Young, has called on the Nigerian Judicial Council, NJSC, to relocate all election tribunal appeal hearings in Delta State through the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, in the interest of peace among Deltons, that the group has observed with keen attention the brewing political tension in the state following election tribunal verdicts passed in the state. The political pundits are jubilating, some are sad and angry, in view of the verdicts that the state tribunal, or at the state tribunal, LeBari Young made this statement while speaking with our Asaba Correspondent, Abu Majeru Friday, in Asaba, the state capital. Young noted that they believed, as a group, that the justices must be protected at all costs and that the sanctity of the judiciary must be held at all levels. What they will not want as a group in the state is a grief-pessing, high jacking the peace and tranquility currently being enjoyed in Delta State, as there seem to be growing tension in the camp of those who lost to their opponents as various tribunals. It is on this note that the 90th Delta Command Assembly is calling on the Nigerian Judicial Commission, NJC, to relocate all election tribunal appeal hearings in Delta State to the federal capital territory, Abuja. The political tension is not only in Delta State, but can be sensed in some states across the country. We believe, as a group, that our justices must be protected at all costs and sanctity of the judiciary must be upheld at all times. However, Honorable Young further called on politicians who have lost other tribunals to prepare for the next round of elections rather than inflaming passions as a group looked forward to the kind and swift response of NJC's leadership in order to avert unnecessary agitations that may degenerate to breakdown of law and order in the state. We also know that the best way to do this is through protection of our esteemed wigs of the judiciary. Furthermore, we call on politicians who have lost as the tribunals to prepare for next round of elections rather than inflaming passions. We look forward to a kind and swift response of the NJC's leadership in order to avert unnecessary agitations that may degenerate to breakdown of law and order in the state.