What's up everyone? I just turned on this camera with zero idea about what this video is gonna be about. I just know we need to make a video today. So you can see by the title of the video what the video is about but I don't know what it says. So as the viewer of this video you know more about this video than the creator of the video.  Okay I do want to show where we are.  Yep there we go. Uluwatu is the most southern point in Bali and we're just here for the weekend in this villa. This is real water by the way. It's not fake. So yeah I'm gonna go up to Rasmus now and figure out what this video is gonna be about because we just want to make a video today because I don't need a reason why just because and yeah and then we'll figure it out. So I'm gonna go up there actually I'm gonna manifest my way there because hanging around Bali you meet a lot of people that are like it's like all this spiritual stuff and apparently you can like manifest things.  So oh I just manifested a twin. Are we in the same location? That was comedy. That whole first scene with this was comedy. You nailed that one bro. I haven't seen it yet. So I'm hoping I was trying to manifest someone with a topic idea for this video that we don't yet know what's about. Okay I do have that topic. You thought of something? Wow I forgot you really have a really bad sunburn. No I'm good but do check out the sunburn and the delts. Check out the delts while you're at it. Yeah. Alright so that does it. Stop all this time wasting. Yeah. The other topic is why should we sit down? Should we sit down? Yeah. It's something about why success. Alright scooch. Scooch your gooch. Yeah. For people who don't know what your gooch is look it up. Alright so why is success inevitable for some people? Oh. Truly truly. Truly.  That's kind of the one thing. Literal. Inevitable. Seriously. Yeah. And we found that category because we decide that. Yeah. It's literally a choice. It is a choice. It really is a choice. You know who else made that choice? Who I'm just blown away by? Sue Regge. So whether or not that video is up yet or not we did an interview with Sue Regge. You don't know he's this broke Indian turned Indian Prince and I call him the greatest Kindle publisher of all time. And I truly believe that. And yeah because he built a brand.   Right. But I truly do believe that Sue Regge is the greatest Kindle publisher. After he showed us our business showed us his business. Yeah.  He built it the right way. So he built a brand around his books. It's not it's not so intricate but it's just really smart. I was just going to say he's doing 10k month from five books. And he's an example. He's an example of someone where success is absolutely inevitable. Yeah.   Yeah. Right.  That's what it boils down to not stopping until you get it. And that's how we are with all the things that we want. That's one of those things that you can hear. Plain a plane that PJ life. That's one of the big goals. Inevitable. Yeah. We will be flying around in PJs. And it's a jet. Yes. Private life. Hashtag PJ life. So this video is still going to be on YouTube. In some point of future I want to watch this video from a PJ.  Yeah. In my 20s for sure in my 20s. We're only 23.  Let's just get on to that real quick. Like 15 months ago we were living at home going to community college. Now we're out here in Uluwatu, Bali at a sick villa with like a lot going for us all in 15 months. If you just go back three months, three months, three months ago, we were the fraction of the people we are now. We were in Denmark, right? Building out the course. Oh, man. My arms getting really tired. Should I take over? Yeah, you can take over. Fuck, I just really don't want to drop in the pool. I do not drop in the pool. One more. There was a talk in this video. No, why success is inevitable. Yeah, it's your mindset.  But very few people actually have that. But the way to have that, you can't just, you can't just have it. You can't just, oh, I'm not stopping until I get it. You can't just, yeah, you can manifest anything in your life like I just did. Like if you just, you can manifest it. But I guess I'm saying you can't manifest that. Because that wasn't real. A lot of times I talk down roads without figuring out what my point of where I was going was. Or how the sentence is going to end. Or how the sentence is going to end. And then sometimes I just have to admit defeat. Yeah, like I don't know where I was going with it. And I do that on the daily. Yeah, it's pretty obvious. Especially, yeah, I do it a lot with you.  That doesn't matter.  We're still putting it. We're still putting it up because right now I'll talk about our YouTube channel.  So we're trying different things. Yeah, I don't think you can see my face. Okay. Yeah, I want to try different things because we were getting to a point now where if we just talk about publishing, publishing, publishing. First of all, the reach and the audience is very small, very, very small. So we haven't kept it out by any means, but we're getting to the point where we're working much harder for, you know, for, yeah, for people. Yeah, for exactly what you were saying. And we need to start having a greater reach, not talking about broader topics. And see, OK, go, whatever.  Right. And I don't want to be like a Mecca where I just make the same videos over and over again.  Yeah, that's why I could do it and not feel bad. And he's not sensitive. If you won't get buttered about that. He's not sensitive. He's like a real man. Yeah, so he understands. Yeah. But yeah, man, like cycles, publishing content.  That reminds me, couldn't put on a testimony to have. Boom, that was a great segue. Thank you. You have everything you need just from the free videos on the YouTube channel. Can we move this so it's like not over my face. So, yeah, this was an email.  Is right. Yeah.  So what I'm really saying is like, there's nothing more to say and kind of publishing. And we want to start making other type of videos. And I'm wondering what type of videos can help you guys. Yeah.    The big thing is loving up the YouTube, the reach, the audience, the influence, all of that. And a lot of people are saying like, you got to stop making videos for your current subscribers, which is what we do. I try to make videos to help the people that watch us, but you got to start making videos. So when you talk to Mike Bastille the other day, and he was just giving us some tips, he was saying, make videos for your audience that you five years, five years from now. Who's going to be five years from now? Okay, then videos for them. What does that look like? Yeah. So also just so you know, if there's video topics, they're like, oh, this is not publishing, publishing, publishing. Like, yeah, publishing was just the first thing. Yeah. And it should be that for you guys. Publishing is just a stepping stone to the next much greater business because look, you're not, you're not going to get rich from publishing. No, you're not going to get rich. Is your arm in the tire? I have a good leg. I'm resting on my leg. Like I said, you're not going to get rich from publishing and I know you want to get rich. If you say you're not, come on, bro. But yeah, so what is that next thing? I'll start talking about that next thing. Well, what do you do when you've made your money from publishing? This is going to be another video that we want to make. Yeah, we have a video idea plan that is what to do once you hit 10K. Because that's a big goal. And people have asked us, why do you stop at 10K? Can you, is that the cap of publishing? Not at all. No, not at all. But once you reach 10K, we believe you should move on to greater ventures. Yeah, because you're not going to make 50K from publishing. Come on. You can, you can, but you're not. Surage, but you're not. Can, Surage might. He would be, he's like, if there was a draft of Kindle, let's do a Kindle publishing draft real quick. I first pick. Okay. Okay. I, I'm thinking, I picked Surage. Okay. I picked Surage. Okay. I pick Abdul. Ah, fucker. That's a good one. That's a good pick. Cause I don't have to do anything. Yeah. He'll do it for me. Yeah. Yeah. If no news, yeah, she just like it into that.   He builds his entire business. I just want to say, Oh, we want to make videos. Wait, wait, wait, I want to say no, it's my turn. It's my turn. Then I need, I'm next. You know what? People always tell me that I'm bossy. Yeah. So you go. Okay. I want to ask you guys what's kind of some videos. Oh, you have a sunburn. No, that's not right. What kind of videos do you guys want to see?  You have a really nice beard. Thank you, bro. That's not just because video. I, I, the other day I was just laughing because the video, that was a really laugh about your beard is so big. Yeah. I'm like, thank you, bro. But, um, yeah, I want this, I want, uh, really want to ask you guys, what kind of videos do you want to see?  It does not be within online business. Mm-hmm. Yeah. But that is the general, general theme. I want to provide value and I feel like the best way to provide value is by asking you guys, what do you guys want? Yeah. So there are a lot, our channel niche thing is like the whole free lifestyle, everything, but what we care about is, is the money making side of things, the building businesses. So like I want to teach how to make money. Other people want to make videos about mindset, how to like be in control of your life and whatever. But I liked teaching how to make money.  I want to talk about that too. Yeah. I love talking about that as well. Um, look at the lighting is here. Oh, wow. But I was going to say one last thing. Oh, no, he doesn't know this is, this is for the video. Yeah, absolutely. I don't give you massages ever. Okay. But, uh, I want to make our videos more personal. Uh-huh.  And, uh, so what we're really doing here is our YouTube channel is Melchus and twins. It's just about our life. Yeah. Seriously, what if we became daily vloggers? Yeah. Daily vloggers.   Yeah.   Oh, we were killing it on the dance floor. Yeah. We were. Yeah. Do you video that? Yeah. Yeah. Gavin will give us footage. But, um, another thing I wanted to say. So like everything, like I'm really motivated about making money. That's just one of my big goals. Money is not everything. No, I don't think that at all. Uh, money is like, uh, it's not a metaphor, but it's, it's a currency for like power and everything you want in life. Freedom. I think it's currency for freedom. So that's why, uh, I really like working towards that. It's like a tangible thing. You could hold a power basically, but another thing I want is my point. We could make more money than we do if we wanted to, but there's more I care about in my business. And that is influence, having influence and having power in that way, having power over people, but it totally comes down as I'm like some sounds like, Oh, I know, I know. I realized that when I was saying it, but it is what it is. Like what we do is we say how it is. And what it is, is yeah, having influence, being able to actually make a difference and impact the world because I know our message and whatever everything we want is only good. Yeah, I have nothing but good to spread in the world to everyone. Anyone who knows you personally knows exactly that, which is why I think so I try not to sound selfish or self-centered, but like people, only good things can come from people listening to our message. Honestly, I have nothing but love for everyone. And I want nothing but the absolute best for everyone. Yeah, that's absolutely true. Even though people look at us and think, uh, totally differently. Yeah. When they mean it's like, wow, you guys are actually the nicest people on planet Earth. Maybe you can't like catch it through the camera. Maybe we're not coming off as how we really are when you meet us in person. But at the same time, I'm also, I'm also kind of person.  I kind of want to do what I want to do. And if you judge me, whatever. Yeah, no, that's 100% it. Yeah. So I feel like that's, that's how that gets misinterpreted. Yeah, it can be, but that's their problem. Like, because we don't care. At least I'm working towards not caring. It's all a process. Uh, one thing I was going to say was it was a very interesting thing that we learned from Gavin or that he said that I was like, wow, how like, we're just talking about being selfish and money and shit and how like charging, charging low prices for your content, services, time, whatever is actually selfish, charging low prices is selfish. And charging high prices is what is going to benefit the world the best.  If you give money. So it's an insane perspective that I did not have. But when you, when you really break it down and you look at it, like, yeah, they try to reward it. If you give money to a really good person that only wants to use that money to help others, it's just being used in the best way possible. You know, about money. Yeah. And it's not being spent on cars and not to say it's bad.  Like that's another thing we don't realize is like how many people we've actually impacted. Now, if that's strictly been through building audio book businesses and also motivating people. But yeah, that shit's still still trying to wrap my head around it. Like we'll put up some of the things on the screen.  So we want to do more of that. So if you give us money, more good things happen. I think that sounds ridiculous, but kind of I'll see if it's still recording. Give me money. It's still recording. OK, 15 minutes. Wow. All right. OK, see.  I would totally easily keep talking. I hope people like this video. Yeah, I totally easily keep talking, but I want to wrap it up. Also, it's about it's at about 10 percent. I've had the camera that 10 percent got better. I don't want it to three tangents. I've been want I've wanted to go on. But I was like, no, you got to prioritize your tangents. And I should not talk about that. Let's end this video. Magic emoji of the day. Oh, OK, OK. So I don't know what the emoji is, but I want the emoji to be like about I lost it. I know. No, no, no, no, I didn't lose it. I didn't know where I was going. Yeah, yeah, I have to admit defeat. It's just happened again. It happens most of the times every day. So here, put it on me. I want this emoji. Can it can be meaningful, please? Put the emoji over me. It's this one because Bali is like they love to meditate and do yoga. So how about that emoji? Yes, no, but but I'm saying no, no, I know I want a meaningful one. So like they dropped the emoji with like purpose, not just oh, I'm going to take one. OK, OK, OK. Like what's the message of this video? The message of this video. Oh, sure. It's about is what it was supposed to be about. Like why some people will never fail. Rats is the camera's about to die. OK, OK, the plane, the plane, the plane, the plane. It symbolizes doing whatever you want. Yeah, something like that. Yeah, OK, OK, do the hand thing. Do the hand thing.


Wife of the Vice President, Mrs. Delacpo O'Shimbajo, on behalf of the First Lady and herself, had been on regular visits to the wife of the late Army Chief, Mrs. Fatih Atahiru. Mrs. O'Shimbajo was among the early sympathizers to visit the diseased junior officer's wife at the Flagstaff House at Niger Barracks, Abuja. It added that the VP's wife was received by the President of De Poa and wife of the Chief of the Fennstaff, Mrs. Victoria Irabbo, on Friday.


Eric, while you're getting ready, can I answer your question about why the pharmaceutical industry doesn't work on things that kill people? Yeah. Okay. We don't know how. Okay. So that we'd love to, but we don't understand the biology that allows us to do it. So that's why we desperately need to understand that better. I'll expand in a few minutes. All right. So hello from Houston. Thank the organizers for the chance to come. I'm going to begin with the punch line just so we can put it into context. I viewed my tasks and looking at obstacles, and I divided it into three areas. Not in the beginning, but as I started to put things down on a slide. The first were technical and material issues. And I'll be honest with you, I see there are many, many hurdles. So I don't mean to, in any way, minimize the impact of these, but frankly, I see that all of those hurdles we can get over, particularly with the kind of people we've got together in this room, except for maybe me. But they're not walls. They're not going to stop us. It's just going to be a lot of work, and we're going to have to work through many issues. Moving from that, I see there are still our conceptual issues. We've popped up a few times, and there are probably many. One of them is I think we need to have a clear articulation of the goal. Is it to identify targets? And I think we need to be careful and make sure we stay with one or two primary goals. I think too often we try to develop a resource like this that's a one-size-fits-all, we end up maybe not achieving our primary goal because we try to make everybody happy. And so I'd like to see us during the coming days, and I'm sure months ahead, make sure we're very clear about the goal. The other, and Aravinda alluded to this, I'll say more about it later, is organizational issues. I think there are a lot of cultural and organizational issues that are really going to be the most difficult, and they're probably uncomfortable to talk about. And so particularly this group, I think it's important we get them out on the table and we look forward. So what are the technical and material issues? Is there a pointer? No? That's okay. So what I've done is the next couple slides, I've listed just a few of them. In my opinion, there are more hurdles. They're not game stoppers. First are there the available samples? And I think the answer is yes. Thank you, Lisa. So what I've done here, and this is published in an editorial in genetic epidemiology, is I put together a large number of cohort studies, and this is aged down here beginning with basically birth and children going all the way up to octogenarians and centenarians. And there are a lot of samples that are available. And these are very well phenotype samples. So I think as we move forward, we need to look at ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, age, if you notice, not a lot of teenagers in the 20s. And so there are holes in this. There's a lot of kids, and there's a lot of older people where we tend to see early onset disease and chronic disease. But I think once we better articulate the question, we probably ought to ask what do we want this sample set to look like and make sure we fill holes. And I think this even gets better as we think about international collaborations. The UK was brought up and also in China. The other is data sharing, that we tend to think about these large population bases as not wanting to share data. And I think that's not the case. We can complain a lot about dbGaP, but dbGaP along with the GWAS era, I think has really set a wheel in motion, a culture of data sharing. And so as we move forward, there are words in the documents that were circulated like streamlining or creating a new venue. And I think that's fine. Do we need to streamline this? Absolutely, we have to streamline this actually to achieve our goals. But the key that I wanted to get across is the large population data sets or the large population studies, they've crossed the bridge about data sharing. I don't think that should be an issue. The other in Gonzalo, I think brought this up earlier, is the complexity of the data. And this slide, this happens to be the pipeline in the genome center at Baylor and Houston. And there are similar pipelines at the Broad and I know in Ann Arbor also. But I think we have the structure basically to bring BAM files together from diverse resources and basically homogenize and get the map to a central or a common map. And then also to call variance in a common way and then distribute that data back to this it, whatever this is, it's gonna be a commons or dbGaP. Again, I think there are many people working on this very difficult problem. So again, this is not I think a game stopper. The next issue, the next set of issues that are conceptual issues. The first is I still think that we're struggling as a field to think about the impact of rare variants in public health. And people are quite comfortable about rare variants in Mendelian disease. I think people still think that rare variants have these very large effect, that I forgot who said it, that make a foot come out of the top of your head. But indeed these rare variants have effects in the continuous distribution. So you'll see enrichment of rare variants in the tails, that's clear. You'll see clear Mendelian disease causing variants in the tails of the distribution. But you'll also see them throughout the distribution for many reasons. One is variable penetrance. Second is the effect, where did they start in terms of their background environment or their background genotype? So they're not always in the tail of the distribution. So I think many of us need to, I think, think harder about the role of rare variants in health and disease. The other is we need to recognize successes. I think in general, the last, I don't know, five years or so, I think we as a field have not done enough about marketing and trumpeting our successes. We've had very many successes, and this is one that's already been brought up. I think it was Francis, if I recall, brought up that worked with Jonathan Cohen and Helen Hobbs in the Eric study where we've identified basically loss of function mutations in PCSK9 that lower cholesterol. So these are people that have the variant or have a variant. This is the people who do not have the variant. And you see two things. One, you see it lowers LDL cholesterol. And going back to the previous conversation with David, is it also lowers events? So this is basically the percent with coronary artery disease or coronary heart disease. So not only lowers risk factor levels, it lowers events. I think far more importantly, frankly, is the ability to follow these people and look for adverse effects. So we're people that have these variants. We bring them back into the clinic and we do a much better job in phenotyping and look for adverse events and adverse effects. And if you follow the literature, for example, recently on statins and age-related cognitive decline. So unfortunately statins increase the rate of age-related cognitive decline. I can also tell you PCSK9 carriers have advanced rates of age-related cognitive decline, just as an example. Most importantly is organizational issues. Francis isn't here, but I stole this out of a nature perspective. I think there are numerous silos that we're gonna have to begin to dismantle to make this it a reality. The silos exist at the NIH in terms of funding agencies and NICs within the NIH. They exist within each of our institutions. Believe it or not, they exist within very well-functioning consortia. So we're gonna have to remove the silo effects. And I think one of the disadvantages we're going to have and challenges we're going to have, my experience is when money gets tight, those silos get higher and they get thicker walls. And so we're gonna have to figure out creative ways to continuously erode those silos. The next point is we're gonna just a reminder is restating that we're gonna have to have clear goals and expectations. And I use GWAS as an example. It's almost become kind of cool the last couple of years to criticize GWAS. And I think part of that is because it's a moving target, what was it supposed to do? And because it didn't meet somebody's ideal, it didn't explain all of the heritability or it didn't create a drug tomorrow afternoon. There's a lot of press that quote, GWAS didn't work. I read that over and over again and I think that's total nonsense. As a person who spent a lot of their life in complex disease genetics, I can tell you this sort of bubble karyotype that Terry's group has created. It was extremely sparsely populated before GWAS. And so as a result of GWAS, we have a number of loci and in some case a number of genes of which we can actually examine very carefully for rare variants that are contributing to disease. So I think again it's important for us to just articulate the goals and expectations and not deviate from them. I think the other and I'm gonna use something close to home for me just as an example is that the consortia themselves are changing. And I actually think many of you are worried about the culture of data sharing probably more than you need to because the consortia realize we're probably going to need to share data more than we've had. So here's an example from the charge consortium. And then I won't go through the details of this because it's not important for this meeting. It's basically a lot of NHLBI large cohort studies that have done GWAS. They've contributed the data to a central resource where meta-analyses have done. This has been very successful for a very large number of phenotypes. But we realize as we begin to analyze not just exome data but whole genome sequence data that that model is making our scientific endeavor fall short. And so we're moving then from a meta-analysis model really in creating the scientific commons where the samples are sent to a centralized lab. In this case with Richard at Baylor and the sequence is created and it goes into a scientific commons where it's Q-seed. We've had to work through the data use agreements and also all the IRBs. Again, they were hurdles but they were not walls that we could not get over. The only comment that I'll make because it hasn't really been talked about is the analysis model. We've found as we've pushed this forward in the case of whole genome sequence that actually a combination of a central analysis model and a distributed analysis model works quite well. So for those institutions or collaborators that do not have the local infrastructure we can provide centralized analyses and get them results according to a pre-specified plan. And for those institutions that either have a very specific analysis that they want to do that's very specialized we can actually distribute the data back out to them. So this combination of centralized analyses and distributed analyses I think works quite well. The other is not to forget the important cultural truism of making sure we have good young motivated investigators. Many times if the project is too centralized, young people tend to think that it's an imprenetrable barrier. So we need to make sure whatever we create that we invite to make sure we foster young investigators who are going to make the most use of these data and also translate those into publications. And here's just an example from that. Here's whole genome sequence data happens to be CETP. I picked it just as an example with HDL cholesterol and you can actually then use this kind of model. Then this happens to be from a centralized analysis with Eric Framingham and CHS, the analysis using whole genome sequence data. So I think this is an exciting direction that we're all heading and we have documented to ourself that some sort of a commons is necessary. You cannot do these types of analyses using a meta-analysis approach. You need to be able to bring the data together. So just in closing, I'm an optimist and I would leave us with two things. I'd say we've met the enemy and they're us. And I really think we need to work on these cultural issues much more. If we're gonna have the scientific commons or we're gonna have a centralized data set, we're gonna have to work together to lower those barriers. And then I think the other, and HGR is very good at this, is setting very large goals and sticking to those goals and breaking those goals down into a series of small steps. I think we've got the right group here together to make progress. And I'll stop there and entertain questions and comments. Lisa, do you want me to leave this up here? Irvinda? I'm gonna ask a question just more to the science in the future. I mean, you're much more aware of the details, which is, what is the status of cohorts, of getting cohorts and getting new people into cohorts or new kinds of cohorts today? I mean, much of what we're meaning really benefited from are the cohorts that have existed, funded in the, quite in the past. And I'm not saying it obviates any other thing we ought to discuss, because there will be new samples collected, nevertheless. But the cohorts have a very particular kind of place in this kind of new epidemiology, so. Right. Well, I mean, it's not a secret that cohort studies are expensive. And it's, and also that money's tight, so. But on the other hand, I think the leadership has examined the existing portfolio of cohorts and asked where there are shortages. And one of the probably the obvious one that NHLBI and I think NIDDK, and please correct me if I'm wrong in that, have come together and formed a large Hispanic study known as SOL, the study of Latinos. Because that's an example of an area where it was almost an embarrassment. We have the fastest growing sector of our population. I live in a state where we are a minority. They are the majority in that particular case. And not only that is they have a disproportionate burden of disease. And so there are new cohorts being founded in that study of Latinos as one example. And I don't know if there's anybody here from the Children's Institute. There's the National Children's Study, which has limped, I would say. But I'll try to be positive. There's a lot of effort to kind of re-initiate or recharge that under a more simplified model. So it spends less and collects more individuals. The only comment that I will make though before I stop is on the recontact issue, I think it's an important one. Having worked in many, many cohort studies over the years, I would say, and collaborated with geneticists with those cohort studies, 99 times out of 100 it works extremely well. The one time out of 100 it doesn't is some cowboy tries to contact the participant themselves. And it's important to first not to do that and to set up mechanisms so that doesn't happen. That doesn't mean you can't recontact them. We have permission to recontact them, but there's procedures, appropriate procedures to go through to recontact them. So I think whoever said it, we probably should have a separate meeting about recontact, but that doesn't mean we can't recontact. We can. It's just we have to go through the appropriate steps to do it. Yeah, I'm interested in this discussion about cohorts because in Europe, there's a real shift towards just using your health care system as your recruitment system, as your blood tracking system, as your phenotype, as your first line phenotyping, and this obviously requires electronic health care records and coordination across that. And although that's not universal, there are projects obviously, I mean most obviously in Iceland, but also in Finland, in Scotland, and in Denmark, all set up in a very similar way. And this seems like the kind of, this seems like the end point. And so why not go to the end point? Well, if you think we're going to come here and change health care in the US in a day, it's not going to happen. No, sorry, let me get this straight. I guess using HMOs, Mayo Clinic or whatever or the Veterans Association, why not use the Veterans, is that the right term? If you think we're going to have the Veterans Association in a day. So there are a lot of issues in access to these types of data in the US. But again, let's be positive. The US is moving towards a more electronic medical record that has a semi-standard format. I think the difficulty in the US that electronic medical record tends to be for billing purposes, not really for diagnostics purposes. I also think is this discussion moves forward, it's Eric probably can correct me representing NIH. My understanding this ID is not a US yet. This will be a collaborative or national effort. And my hope is that we'll have studies from the US, including some of these cohorts and many others. Studies from the UK, studies from Iceland, Holland, China, etc. So I think we'll have a mixture of formats. Yeah, so Eric, I think your mixed model is extremely attractive. Because instead of having a fight over should it be centralized or should it be distributed, identify which things make the most sense to study centralized and which things make the most sense to be distributed. Certainly the phenotypes being distributed is extremely important because it's going to be very hard to get rich phenotypes centralized. On the other hand, DNA analysis is much more easy to do centralized. So I think that despite the disparities in the healthcare system, to see the cohort groups that have the richest phenotype data coming to this kind of solution is reason for optimism. Yeah, I would agree. I was going to comment that for example, Kaiser of Northern California has had a GWAS study done on 110,000 and is another 100,000 or so waiting to be done. And so I think the idea of using medical records in HMOs is really an important piece of this complex future. Of course, the good aspect of it is that the phenotype thing's already done and it's available in an electronic medical record. The bad side is that the phenotype's already been done and it's in an electronic medical record. So you don't get to ask the questions that are not being necessarily done as part of routine clinical care. I'll make one comment and then I'll turn it over to Debbie. We have an enormous sector of this population that's uninsured. So to think that every American has access to Kaiser is just not the case. So I was just going to bring up to answer you in question is that there is a large scale project in the U.S. called Emerge that actually is looking at genetic association. So there is a mixed model already and I think it's really important to consider this rich model as Bob has brought up with Kaiser. There are many HMOs in the United States that are exploring these issues and doing GWAS and showing it can productively be used to find similar things that can be found in the cohorts. And I think that's true for every level of genetic data, it's just a matter of learning how to use it. And obviously other countries have been more facile using it than we have, but we are looking at it. The other thing HMOs may solve is this gap of age. If you looked at that first slide, the number of individuals studied between around seven years old and 20 years old is very, very small. So things that are occurring in young individuals, we're missing if we were to rely on cohort studies. If I could just make one other comment about culture. And that is that David made the point that many people in pharmaceutical industry don't know biology. But I think that many biologists don't know any computational genomics either. And in fact, this reminds me very much of what the situation was like when molecular biology first started to move out of basic science labs and start to be applied. I remember distinctly a visiting specialist expert came to our lab when I was a postdoc to help us learn how to make packaging extracts for phage and how to make ECHO R1 from bacteria. And I think there's an enormous educational gap in that perhaps one of the things that can come out of this meeting is a very, very strong push to increase the size of that pipeline. I know there is a pipeline, but it's much, much too narrow. Well, I think one of the things everybody would agree, this is going to be an interdisciplinary effort. This isn't going to be solved by either computational biologists, by genomicists, by epidemiologists. It's going to require an interdisciplinary effort. There was one question over here.


Hey everybody, it's Drew from The Chain Smokers. Mental health struggles, big or small, can be hard to put into words, but we have to talk about them. You never know the difference one conversation could make. Be a part of the change. If you're feeling down or in need of support or are looking for tips on how to help someone who is struggling, go to findyourwords.org. Brought to you by Kaiser Permanente.


Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brent and today we're in episode 193 of the wizard 101 death walkthrough last time if you haven't checked it out already We made our way into Turian gorge and today we are defeating some of these guys We possibly may be joined by yes, we are joined by Madison who helped us at the end of last episode So she's cool and go and check that out again if you haven't already So Yeah, we're starting off by defeating some of these devils flowers. I was gonna do it in between Episodes, but I'm that doesn't really matter Number one in the straight after the other one, so I mean I mean, it's only two so it's just one better. Yeah, so Fun fun fun By the way, if you didn't look at the end of the last episode the chrysanthemum is just over there. It's Just there I don't know if you can see it, but I was standing over when I did the intro But yeah, it's over there for those who wanted to know if you're doing that quest Which I am Finish that one now, which is good. Yay. We can go and get some training point for that Gets more training points since we spent quite a few or just three of them on shadow spells there It was just over there just up there Yes, we just need to find the cricket as well I'm not actually too sure where that is Probably okay, yeah, I think I can easily find it shouldn't be too difficult But yeah, we will do day and night Because it's mob fight and it's what we do in mob fights Blade twice in day and night. It seems to work and then we just day and night again to follow up I don't know if she's gonna hit Hopefully who knows I don't know and we'll find out So, yeah Okay, let's see how much this is if we correctly did so I know that for sure as long as I don't block a force I haven't had a issue with them blocking or people blocking so Yeah, it's not quite enough but it's decent It'll do something. That's for sure Mm-hmm. Let us see we'll do that. We will pass and then we'll hit next Yeah Um Okay So, yeah, she's um level 98.  It's great. Oh It's a strike. Nope Yep strike. Yes question mark strike Strike surely a strike. You had a strike. It just looks slightly different.  I didn't know so That's fun Well Either way they did if I fuzzle, which is a very good possibility that I will I also need to refill potions as well I kind of went through them a lot last episode Yeah, it's slightly bad. He's in potions all the time, but it's fine Yeah, we go dear knight. Hello They're dead by 993 3 is so good. They're not quite it, but they're nearly dead They're not dead, but they're like nearly dead. So it's fine. She can still hit which is good She doesn't have to do much, but that's fine Hello Haven't seen this one in a while double blade and How much does that do? 2264 that's pretty decent pretty decent indeed PS is through like all of their resist which is good So, yeah, that's that done yay Let's go talk to them What system issues You'll need permission from the weapons master to reach those stairs. She waits in the training hall Okay Let's click some of that let us hit over to the training hall and We will do things and stuff that are good. I Believe it is just another one of those people So not too much of a worry. I mean it started off good and then it went kind of gooder and then it's bad. So I Mean, what can I say? Are you some new petty warlord who seeks to prove yourself in the shadow queen's army wait? What is this a borrower accompanies you master? Do you wish us them and eat their heads Zoro Zinnia your sister? Zaltana the mirror mask sent us to find you she said as part of the fifth column you would help us Master what lies on these nice work mouse now my covers blown Okay, I'm gonna go and she went in first. That's cool So I'll be back in just a sec once I've defeated these just because we literally just did that Okay, I am back just finished off that one wasn't too difficult And now we're going to continue on I Must lick my wounds and reflect on my life Okay, hello You have quite the way of introducing yourself. Tell me your story briefly and what you are looking for To reach ghost dog. He's at the center of Fort Rockius, of course I'll open the gate so you can reach the next tier meet me at the top of the landing Okay Well, let us do this. I didn't think we were defeating ghost dog today, but apparently We must be So I mean that's fun, I'm not gonna Be annoyed at that one Okay Okay, we can't get that health that's unfortunate, but he can get this one surely we can get some health Oh, gosh, there's more people up here. It's slightly annoying the entire Umbra Legion is buzzing with news about your doings Spellbinder This part of the fort is known as dragonfly landing and it is controlled by quartermaster rackham a merciless Shadow weaver is there such thing as a merciful shadow weaver Silence your tongue mouse just because I stand against the shadow queen doesn't mean I am overly fond of you Find quartermaster rackham near the landing zone He'll tell you how to access the third tier of rakius and ghost dogs den Oh gosh, we've got two people now. Oh my gosh. Oh, oh my gosh. Hello Whoo, um, okay I don't know what to do with myself. We got two people. Hello What do you want to reach ghost dog blast at all? I'll help you if you let me escape unscathed To reach the central keep you need the trine key it is as I'm sure you surmised kept in three parts Whoa, what a surprise the first part of the key is in the striped barracks.  I believe another mob better. What does she give us? I am curious. I Have no clue. No, honestly, no clue. Maybe it's critical something. I don't know who knows Magician, why do you stick your nose in here? We will beat you like a drum Of course Okay, let's get on in Um, we'll find out and now I suppose I'll just quickly find out what they give them then I'll probably skip this battle just because she does accuracy and pierce Oh, that's quite nice That's nice, but yeah, I'll be back in just a sec. Okay. I am back We are just finishing off this now. That was extremely easy I always find that the life mobs are the easiest to defeat just because They don't do much that harms you Yeah, so Yes, that was easy Okay, and let's go and talk to rack him again once more so accuracy and Yes, I don't know if I showed you that I'm pretty sure I did but that's what she gives which is quite cool I Get over here. Oh, hello expected no less The second part of the trying tears in the main barracks hurry and fetch it Okay Let us get over to the main barracks then Not the main like MA I in but the MA any barracks Um, so I'm assuming there might be a lion or something in here probably maybe a question mark. Is she coming? Yes, she is cool Okay We'll see what's in here. In fact, I have no clue Who knows not me that's for sure. I have no idea Exotic meat time for a hunt. Yep. I was right. It's a lion Okay, I'll be back in just a sec once we have defeated him Okay, so I'm back obviously Just defeated him not too bad and We're gonna go and talk to the quartermaster once more as it is named probably. I don't know who knows who cares not me Yes, let's go Hello Around this way who's getting kind of sketchy around here with all of the minions so close Hello, of course you got it. Yeah, I did The last part of the trying tears in the horn barracks must I draw you a map? Yeah, I don't actually know my way around here Okay, let's go over here And we will head on in This way down didn't realize that one She here she is here fantastic. So Let's do this one. This should not be too difficult at all Should probably be just the same Hopefully who knows may not be You're a tiny thing we'll stop you flat and spear you through Okay Is enough is enough? Easy easy enough Yeah, cool, bro Let's do that and we will play Okay Okay blade blade blade blade blade blade blade blade blade blade blade Okay, and then we'll play probably yep, how did I guess? And we will play it again. Yes, we can thank you and then we'll hit and passing head again Simple simple simple That's how you do it here in this sort of place kind of place that we haven't Come by any death people yet. So that's always good. I'm assuming ghost dog will probably be death just because They always are how much accuracy does she do 20 we might fizzle us, but oh well, it's fine We will see Yay, didn't fizzle yay fantastic Actually thought I'd fizzle that one. That was a minus 50 and we have like 23 accuracy with her which is enough to normally not fizzle. I believe definitely Yeah just but like No, not when we've got a minus 50 Yeah We should definitely kill the rank 13 one. Oh, I don't have any blades lucky. He does though. That's unfortunate If I fizzle I would have been furious though, so I'd have lost both of my blades But I didn't so I'm happy and we can just pass and then go straight for a hurt. So that's fun Mine's 50 though. That's a bit annoying Maybe I'll try it I don't want her that sounds like a good idea to get that minus 50 off and It's of course Of course, it's a tempest. What else would it be? What do we got? We'll do this and hopefully he doesn't fizzle on the couch. He didn't he did unfortunate We will kill next then. Oh, well, it's fine. It's fine. It'll be dead next anyway Yeah, just the other time And he may or may not be as well How much off does he have 500? Well, let's do that one. See what happens He's gonna say to her. Okay fair enough Fair enough He's like, yeah, I'm just gonna leave you to do all the work for this sort of stuff. It's fine. Honestly, don't mind me I think I've killed every single time Every single battle that we've done in the last like that isn't a boss. I think I've killed He's more good for bosses, which is understandable Because I mean, I'm not the best with bosses, let's be honest We don't have a thing like that. I think quartermaster Rackham has it.  So we don't need to worry about that really Um, let's put on some heels. We'll do one of you probably. Okay Ready And we will hit on him Yes, cool. Okay, let's go Fantastic, um, this should be quite easy. I'm assuming hoping in fact is probably a better word hoping it'll be quite easy um Always get your Okay, it's about to say always only get heels. It's fine. He cheats.  Um, when the when he is on health the corrupted zebra will cheat cast It's not a corrupted zebra. I don't know why they thought it was. We cheat cast sacrifice killing itself to heal quartermaster Rackham So the corrupted rhino will essentially kill itself which is easy um Whenever um, the rhino takes his damage that will she cast regenerate and on the enemy damage Will not trigger on rackham damage over time Such as fires dragging more triggerless cheat So you can't get round it casting regenerate essentially is what it's trying to say. This is going to do a lot This is going to be like three thousand Two and a half. Okay. I was going to say two thousand, but that would have been wrong basically Um, haha That does a lot. Jeez storm owl is not to be messed with But hopefully we can kill reasonably quickly. I mean I've already got two feints on them We can heal which is good Um, as long as he blades up enough he should be able to hit with um, whatever he does to hit with Um We're not going to hear what he's going to hit. We're just going to go for it. We're going to blade stacking her We've got extra damage We don't need too many blades really we've got two feints. I'm happy everything's good. We should be fine 23,000 health which is quite a lot now. I say it but that's fine Um, they're just spamming random hits at the moment.  Should have I healed maybe should have I say pack sacrifice. Maybe who knows? um I am just going to focus on the boss with avenging fossil. Hopefully fingers crossed Should be good. Hopefully fingers crossed And if we go too long health, I will just lulu Which I have just in case in case of situations like these It's like the emergency like break glass emergency Break glass an emergency. It's like one of those like draw lulu an emergency um But we shouldn't need it. We shouldn't need it Oh, we got one of those which is good. We're gonna just cut that. We are going to blade Um, yeah, I mean we've even got the sheds or it's like great. It's great We can lulu any time we need basically if we need health, which at the moment we don't so that's fine um And what's this this is a cheeky we won all this okay That's fine Dun dun Um, fantastic look at that the cards are aligning today Um One two three blades. I mean I could pass and hit next Which I'm gonna do I mean I should kill three blades And Hopefully we'll see if we'll see what happens. I mean if he doesn't um If he doesn't attack then I won't but We'll see what he does Is he gonna do anything nope Well, I'll just do that and see what he does. He's passing. I could have not hurt but it's fine It's fine. This should kill this should be we should be fine. We should be good Death. Hopey. Yep, pretty much one two three one two lots and lots of Pierce if he hadn't resist anyway that nearly killed it will kill him the other time um Also the minion will now kill itself. So that's fine um They should at least well, he's dead No, he's not quite dead nearly dead Didn't do as much as I was hoping because I didn't have enough blades. Well just as well. I did that now even feeble Um, so that's always good Apparently he's oh here goes regenerate. Okay. I'm like is his chest not working or something who knows But no there's the regenerate. That's what I was waiting for hello Um, it would have done more damage if I had more um blades, but I don't really care at this point um Look at this teamwork. We are such a team teamwork means the drink Honestly, look at this. They're both dead here. Fantastic Amazing that is that dumb Look at that. I'm impressed with us. We are so good. Bye Okay, yay shadow blight take the last time of the blaster trying key Take the trying key and let's hurry to the great doors Okay, I need what's next Not too much. Okay. I need to get more potions. So do that in between episodes because I don't think we'll be going for too much longer But there's also health around here, which is good because I desperately need health. Where are we even going? We're going over this way Oh gosh, hello these guys go so quick um be careful Be careful get it because it bees. Oh gosh. I got pulled. Okay. See this is what I'm talking about um I'm gonna quickly flee And come back. I'll be back in half a sec. Okay. I am back. I just refilled my potions. I mean might as well since I um Had that happened to me unfortunately The trying key slides into place perfectly and unlocks the great doors Okay, let us hit on in Fantastic Hello Oh my gosh. Look at this This is quite a place What's in here? Who knows? What are we doing? Who knows? I can't believe we've made it this far. What can I? This is the center of fort rachius the black beating heart of shadow Ghost dog must be close. He will have your dying star stone nearby However, I have never been summoned here before so we will have to explore its mysteries together Start here Okay, let us Hit on in here. Let's see what we can see See what we can find See who we can defeat Oh, we have to be by ourselves. I think that's Fragments of old campaigns Nothing of interest. How much damage has the umbra legion done? Where are all these worlds? I think there will probably be something from every single world we've visited I think the first one was probably from celestus a faria avalon anus ticker. I know I definitely saw as ticker um Not sure how many others we saw The next chamber looks more promising What was that? Yeah, what was that probably a prisoner? We have caught many of your people over the years It sounded like a borrower being put to the question Regardless if it's an interrogation room ghost dog likely isn't there shall we skip it? A prisoner we must investigate this way Okay, if you say so, um, I don't think there's gonna be anybody in there, but that's fine. Um Anybody of use in there probably just another mob, but wouldn't be surprised Question Leafshelves is again back away. Oh jays I order you Oh, hello. Yeah, she went in quick Um, so yeah, I'll be back once I've defeated these guys. Okay. I am back We are killing now, which is good Good good good So that is them all down down Um, so um, okay, let us free the mouse Thank you for freeing me. I do not think I could last much longer my stars.  Are you here to sabotage the shadow weapons? The what? At first they questioned me about the last wood, but of late they were desperate to know about a wizard I gather that you Of course, we must investigate this. I overheard them discussing these new incredibly deadly weapons there crafting Okay, interesting interesting interesting Let us hit on down here. Um, where are we going? Hello?  Sure the yellow jacket black shields will now strike sundown and find out which room is the test chamber for these shadow weapons I will guard magalia while she recovers her strength Okay, I'll be back in just a bit. Actually, you know what we're going to end off the episode here Thank you for watching and to live like and subscribe and if you've already subscribed press the bell To know exactly when I post another video and remember craft outside the box


Well, we've seen what Aristotle has to say about substance. This is his work in answering these two problems of metaphysics. The first part of the, or the two parts of the problem of metaphysics. The first part is answering the question, what does it mean to exist or what exists? Second part is answering, why does it exist? His answer to the first part is substance, and substance as you should know by now is a composite of form and matter. His answer to the second part of the problem of metaphysics is the four causes. The formal, the material, the efficient, and the final. So we're going to talk about Aristotle's four causes here, I guess we better define them. Now keep in mind Aristotle is not using cause the way that we use the word cause, right? We mean something like what brought it into existence or some action or something like this. That's not what Aristotle is doing. He means cause, the way he means cause is probably what means something like explanation. So this is the four explanations. So he's got formal, material, efficient, and final. The formal cause is the form of the substance, right? And we talked about this before, but that's the genus and the species of the substance. Easy enough. The material cause is the matter. Is the matter for the substance. And that's pretty much everything in the categories, right? Quantity, quality, relation, time, place, posture, possession, action, passion. You put that together, you got the material cause for the substance. The efficient cause is by what the thing exists, what brought the thing into existence. Now this might, this probably means more than you think, right? We might think of a particular object and that's fine, but that's probably not the end of the efficient cause and we have to pretty much consider everything that brings it into existence. So this camera that I'm using is Canon, right? It's one of the efficient causes, it's company Canon that brought into existence. We could also talk about the individual people on the line that manufactured the camera, put the pieces together, whoever made the lenses, who made the circuit boards, the memory chip that's in there, right? All of this would go into the efficient cause. So we could also talk about the conditions for its use, right? There's a particular group of people that would use this camera. There are lots of people who wouldn't, who would use maybe something that's more advanced, so DSLR camera. This is just a camcorder, right? This is not a very special camera. And there are plenty of people who wouldn't use the camera at all, right? So the demand for the camera and this particular type of camera is also part of the efficient cause. And finally the final cause is the purpose for the substance, right? For what it exists. So the efficient cause is by what it exists, the final cause is for what does it exist? So the purpose of the reason for its existence. So to record a video, right? That's part of the purpose of this, of this camera. These four causes were taken together, Aristotle says, explains why the substance exists, right? Why the substance exists. So I thought that for this we practiced using these four categories on a couple of substances that we have out there. Well, aren't I lucky? I was able to find a substance that lets me take a break. Okay, so we want Aristotle wants to explain the existence of this thing and he has four kinds of explanations, right? The four causes, formal, material, efficient, and final. Let's start with the formal cause. So what is the formal cause for this? Now immediately you might say bench, okay, right? That's its name. And as such it would be part of the categories, right? That tenth, he says substance is the tenth category that means when you use the name of the thing to describe the thing, well then it's a predicate and then one of the categories. So bench is its name, but that's one of the categories, not the form. What's the form? Well the form is going to be the genus and the species, right? Now remember what the genus is. It's the kind to which a thing belongs, right? The kind to which a thing belongs, okay, well that's all well and good. But to what kind does this belong, right? First of all it's not a natural thing, right? It's outside, but it's not a natural thing. This is created by people, right? It's a kind of artifact created by people. Okay, but what kind of artifact, right? That's really broad to say that it's an artifact. Well let's narrow it down a little bit, right? When we're talking about the genus we want to kind of get like just one level of abstraction, right? So it's not, right, it's not a vehicle, it's not a building, it's not artwork, right? This is a piece of furniture, right? This is a piece of furniture, okay. Well we got the genus, it's a piece of furniture. What's the species thing? What makes this different from other kinds of furniture? Now remember all the different kinds of furniture that they had, we went through this a little bit already. So we have benches, we've got chairs, we've got couches, we've got desks, we've got tables, we've got bookshelves. Well how's this different from say a table?  Okay, well what are the kinds of furniture do you sit on? You sit on couches and stools and chairs, right? So what makes this different from stools and chairs? Well for starters this is for more than one person to sit on, right? More than one person to sit on, okay.  Well what's another kind of piece of furniture for a person to sit on? Well that's a couch, right? A couch. And both couches and benches are meant for people to sit on. Well what's gonna be the difference between a bench and a couch? Well a couch typically has padding like a lot of it. It's supposed to be very soft when you sit on it. If it doesn't have that kind of padding, well then more than likely you got a bench, right? And so that's what we have here is, and also this is supposed to be used outside, all right? So we have the genus and the species. This is a piece of furniture for more than one person to sit on. There's a piece of furniture with a back for more than one person to sit on outside that does not have padding. Bingo, there's your form, right? We got our form for bench for this thing here, okay. Well then let's go on to the material cause. What's gonna be the material cause? Well we got quantity, right? So it's about what, five and a half feet long. It's about, the seat is about two feet off the ground. The back goes up about three feet off the ground, right? It's got four legs. The seat is what, a foot and a quarter, maybe like 16 inches wide. The back is about 20 inches tall. It's got two arm rests. We can have the number of these little rung things here, right? That's all quantity, quality. It's green, it's smooth, it's rigid, right? These are qualities. Time, right? We could talk about today's date, which is, what is today's date? Oh my gosh, there's blank, I think it's the 12th. I think it's, October 12th. There's something like that. Is daytime, it's in the afternoon, right? That's the time. We could talk about the time when this was installed, the number of years ago, how long it's gonna last. It's probably gonna last a good 40 years. Let's hope it's gonna last a good 40 years, right? This is all part of the time. Place, it is on a walkway. It is in the park, and the name of the park escapes me. It's outside. This is also all involved with place. Relation, right? It's sitting within a little enclave here. It's sitting outside, it is beneath me. We've got time, we've got place, we've got relation. It's off to the side of the walkway, right? That's part of the relation. What else do we have? Possession, it has some bolts, which are holding it to the walkway. It has rigidity, it can support a lot of weight. It's a posture, right? The legs are on the furthest length sides, right? That's part of the posture. The back is slightly obtuse, I think that's the word obtuse, right? Compared to the seat, right? We can talk more about posture there. Passion, right? I am sitting upon it. The sun is shining on it, right? Action, right? How's it acting? Well, it is sitting on top of the walkway. It is supporting me, right? That's passion. All of this is material cause, as well as what this is probably, I'm gonna guess aluminum, right? Some kind of, it's definitely metal, I'm gonna guess aluminum, and this slightly gray-green paint, right? That's also part of the material cause. All of that, right? All of that is the material cause for this thing. So already, you might think that the answer to the question, you know, why does this thing exist? It might be kind of short and simple. For Aristotle, it's already complicated, and we've already seen it with the form of the material cause, just for this thing here. Okay, efficient cause. Whatever company produced this bench is the efficient cause, that's part of it. Whatever workers were involved and welding the pieces together, shaping the metal, right? Whoever, whatever company produced the metal itself, this is all part of the efficient cause. The city of San Antonio, which purchased, or this might be Selma, the city of Selma who purchased this bench, right? Ordered its construction and use out here, right? That's also part of the efficient cause. You know, even me, in a sense, I'm part of the efficient cause because people like me are gonna wanna sit on this, and this is the reason why Selma, the city of Selma decided to purchase these. All right, so the final cause for what it exists, okay? So obviously, I mean, one thing we could point to already is to be sat upon, right? Yes, that's definitely part of it to be sat upon. And when we're talking about its actuality potentiality, right, we're gonna be referred to this final cause. Okay, so sitting upon this is part of its final cause. Now, but that's not all, right? Now it might be worthwhile to also talk about actuality potentiality of this form. Remember the difference between these two. Actuality is the extent to which a thing has fulfilled its final cause. Potentiality is the extent to which it has yet to fulfill its final cause, all right? So you might be tempted to say that since I'm sitting on it, it's fulfilled its final cause, it's fully actualized, well, we'll know, right? This was not built just for me to sit upon it. This wasn't built for somebody to sit upon for one day or one month or one year, right? This is a sturdy piece of furniture, outdoor furniture is bolted to this walkway. It's supposed to stay here a long time, right? A long, long time. Like I said, probably about 40 years is my guess as to how long this is supposed to last. Well, let's assume that's true, right? Well, then this is gonna be its final cause to be used outdoors for people to sit upon in the public park for about 40 years, for about 40 years time, okay? Well, in terms of actuality, this is just getting started, right? This has been out here, I think, maybe a year or two, tops, right? Still looks really, this is like no rust on it right now. It's in really good shape, right? Hardly, hardly been used. In terms of actuality, just getting started, maybe a year. In terms of potentiality, it's got probably another 38, 39 years left, right? This has got a lot of potentiality, a long way to go in terms of fulfilling its final cause. So we got formal, efficient, that's our formal material efficient final cause, and we understand actuality and potentiality in terms of the final cause. There are always two sides of the coin, right? Actuality is the extent to which it has fulfilled. Potentiality is the extent to which it has yet to fulfill the final cause. All right, well that's gonna explain, according to Aristotle, that's gonna explain this thing's existence, and we're even giving, given kind of a sense of its age or, you know, its fulfillment of that final cause in terms of actuality and potentiality.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. The Appalachian Wireless Arena and Pikeville City Tourism will be holding their Moonshine Music and Makers Festival on September 8th, 9th and 10th. We've got vendors, we've got local crafters. Of course there might be a little touch of shine in there too. The festival will host a variety of local crafters and musicians and leans heavily on the Appalachian Heritage associated with crafting, live music and of course Moonshine. The event is also free to attend but festival goers are heavily encouraged to purchase something from their favorite local craftsman.  Like I say, vendors will be everywhere just like any other festival. You want a funnel cake?  You want lemonade?   You want that t-shirt? You want that t-shirt? The festival will be accepting vendors until September 1st. To fill out an application you can go to visit pikeville.com. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelsey Dean.


Today, we're going to discuss aircraft principle axes, and we're going to use a simple paper airplane to help orient ourselves. If you'd like to follow along, construct a paper airplane, and you'll probably also want a pencil to serve as an axis. The first axis we would like to discuss is the one extending from the front of the plane, running from the back of the plane, forward to the front of the plane. This axis has a particular name. You can help remember it by thinking that it runs along the longest part of the plane, and this is known as the longitudinal axis. The second principle axis runs out the side of the plane, out the right side of the plane, as you're looking at it from the top. This axis you might be able to remember if you can recall from American football the lateral pass, which goes sideways. It runs out the side of the plane, and it is called the lateral axis. You might also recall latitude and longitude. So if you remember longitudinal, you can also remember the lateral from the latitude and longitude. The third axis runs up and down, extending either from above or down below the plane. Obviously, they're running up and down. We use the word for up and down, which is vertical. So this axis is going to be known as the vertical axis. If you recall, many of our systems, our perpendicular systems in three dimensions, are oriented using the right hand rule. In order to know whether or not we want to go up or down with the vertical axis, let's go ahead and use our right hand and apply the right hand rule. The first axis we talked about is the longitudinal axis. So I'll begin by running my right hand along the longitudinal axis. I'm running my right hand axis with the lateral axis. And with this case, it's extending away from us. So if I bend my fingers toward the screen, that's the wrong direction. I need to turn around, bend my fingers in the direction of the lateral axis. Now that I've done that, if I extend my thumb, my thumb is now pointing in a direction that creates a right-handed system. So if I want a right-handed system with longitude first, lateral second, I'm going to be going down. And that is indeed the system that we are going to use for our aircraft principal axes. Once again, this downward axis is known as the vertical axis. Each of these axes serve a purpose when I'm attempting to describe the orientation of my airplane. The first axis, the longitudinal axis, if I take that axis, I wrap my right hand around the axis. And I think about the spin or the twist of that axis. So if I take my right hand and I bend my fingers, some of you might recall lefty, loosey, righty, tidy. If I tighten my fingers around my thumb, as I do that, if I turn the plane in that direction, you'll notice the plane will rotate in a clockwise direction. That is considered a positive spin. Well, there's a name for that positive spin that's turned around that axis. That is known as the roll. This is a positive roll and unwrapping my fingers would be a negative roll. Positive, negative. We will use the same convention for the lateral axis. If I turn my plane, so the lateral axis is horizontal, and then use my right hand, twist it around the axis, pointing my thumb in the direction, the positive direction of the axis. If I twist my fingers, you'll notice the nose of the plane will tend to go up, and if I release my fingers, the nose will go down. Positive, negative. This axis is called the pitch axis. Positive pitch, negative pitch. Similarly, if we consider our vertical axis, we can use the same convention. Now I'm going to look down at the top of the plane, extending the vertical axis out of the bottom of the plane, grab it with my right hand, and as I do so, as I twist my fingers around, the nose of the plane will turn clockwise, and as I unwrap them, counterclockwise. Positive, clockwise. Negative, counterclockwise. Positive, negative. This is known as the yaw axis, and if you're from the south, yaw better remember this one. Those three principal axes taken together help us to orient our airplane. Again, if we rotate around the longitudinal axis, this is our roll axis, if we rotate around the lateral axis, also known as our pitch axis, and if we rotate around the vertical axis, that's called our yaw, and we call that the yaw axis. You should practice a little bit with your airplane. Hold it in between your fingers, do something along this, and then practice the wave that's associated with each axis. You can do a little roll. You can wave with your pitch, and you can twist side to side with your yaw. Roll, pitch, yaw.


Let's look at the conflict with the PRC. How do you envisage Tyvan's future in the face of the PRC's military threat to bring home this so-called breakaway province? So I think the PRC at the moment is working on digital also But more as a kind of surveillance statism with social credit and all things like that So it doesn't make sense to say that we're competing on the same track when it's actually on opposite directions And on opposite directions the breakaway is kind of automatic. You don't have to do anything about it. It's breaking away Breakaway province is not a term that you would use Right, or how would you describe it when they say breakaway province the government here? The Taiwan as a Republic of Citizens Abolished the term province starting last year and so in Taiwan there is no head of province anymore There's no head of Fujian province There's no head of Taiwan province. So we understand and respect that the PRC has a Taiwan province It just doesn't describe any of us The PRC, how would you describe the PRC's objective in militarily threatening Taiwan etc. What's the end game? What's the end game? You'll probably have to ask a PRC official or our foreign minister for that And I think what PRC in the internet landscape is doing that I'm more qualified to answer Is essentially setting up a new norm for cyberspace where the cyberspace is no longer a space for free expressions But rather is subject to that what they call sovereignty of the jurisdiction below the cyberspace layer to have complete control using gray firewalls and stuff and For a long time this kind of intranet like governance is something that only the PRC does But I think at a moment PRC is trying to establish it as a kind of alternative norm to the EU or the Pacific Noury But it could also be that Taiwan is the living example of Chinese being fit for democracy What? There's Taiwan, there's the PRC and it's the Taiwan is the living example In the face of the PRC Taiwan is the perfect example that homo-sabians is fit for digital democracy