I would like it to be. The next item of business is members' business debate on motion 14486, in the name of Edward Mountain, on fares hospital tv charges. That debate will be concluded without any questions being put. Will those members who wish to speak in the debate please press the request to speak buttons, and I call on Edward Mountain to open the debate for around seven minutes, please? I'm very pleased we're having this debate at this time and I'd like to thank all members from other parties who supported my motion, particularly David Stewart, Monica Lennon, Neil Findlay, Mike Rumbles and Liam McArthur. I am however disappointed that no SNP politician has signed my motion. I'm not deterred though. I believe that despite their reticence to stand up and be counted, the majority of them will support me in my wish to end unfair hospital TV charges. I really believe that this is a cross-party issue that should unite us all. Since I've raised the issue of TV charges, I've received a huge amount of interest in this issue, not only from across the Highlands but also across Scotland. Let me welcome at this stage those who are following this debate live on the BBC. For those of you that are in hospital and are having to pay to watch this debate, hopefully your Parliament can make a real change on this issue. I've decided to raise this issue having visited a friend in Rhaig Maw. He has spent all his life in the countryside, which makes his time in hospital really difficult. After two months being confined to bed, he is longing to go home. As I chatted to him, I saw the bedside TV unit and tried to console him. At least I said that he had something that he could watch. His response was a laugh and he said that you have to be joking. The costs for using that thing are ridiculous. Those of you in this chamber who have avoided being in hospital for a long period of time are hard to explain the boredom and the routine of eating, sleeping and being treated to create. I remember sitting with my father during the last weeks of his life. He would have welcomed the distraction of the TV. Some five years ago, when I was in Dr Gray's in Elgin, I used to have to wander off the ward that I was in to find a TV to break the monotony of lying in bed. I gave up the amount of times that I received a rebuke from nurses for wandering off the ward to watch a TV that was not there for patients. In the Highlands, where many patients get moved from their communities to Rhaig Mawr, visits from their families become difficult. That creates a feeling of social isolation. Being able to watch local news and general TV helps to remove that, which makes me believe that TV is an important part of hospital life and recovery. Some people might think that it is odd for me to stand here and criticise the provision of a service by a private company. However, let me be clear. I do not believe and I will never believe that we should ever support a private contract where it compromises the service that an individual receives. That is why I am standing here today. I do so because, to put this simply, the cost of bedside televisions in NHS Highlands is extortionate and prohibitive. No one can justify a charge of £9.90 a day, especially when you compare the prices with online provision of films and entertainment. Firms supplying those services charge less per month than is charged in a hospital per day. I do not want to be accused at the end of this debate of mincing my words here. I believe that the hospitals have a captive audience and I believe that charges for bedside TV for short-stay patients is a rip-off and for long-term stay patients is just daylight robbery. That has gone on for way too long. Health boards like NHS Highlands signed an exclusive contract for 15 years. We should not forget that all the revenue that is raised from bedside TV goes to the suppliers and the NHS receives nothing, not a penny. The Scottish Government should make sure that this never ever happens again. With the contract for bedside TV coming up for renewal in NHS Highlands in June 2019, now is the time to secure a better deal for patients. That is why today I am launching a petition for the campaign for fairer hospital TV charges. It reads simply, that we believe that bedside television in hospitals is vital to prevent social exclusion and feelings of isolation of patients. We call on local health boards to secure a fair deal with companies providing bedside television and to provide free wi-fi for patients in hospitals to allow them to access television via streaming services. I urge all MPs to go out and get people to sign up to this today if we really want to extend the extortionate fees that are being charged at the moment. I would also like to take a few moments to welcome the promises of the Cabinet Secretary for Health that she made only last week. She promised to work with NHS Highland to ensure that patient TV is more affordable. She also promised to identify the feasibility of free bedside entertainment to be supplied via wi-fi across NHS Scotland. Those promises are a huge step forward, but they need to be delivered. However, that is not the whole solution. Offering free wi-fi assumes that every patient has access to tablets and laptops to use those services, and to me that is a big assumption. We also need to question how to make more of these devices available to patients who do not own them. The Scottish Government and our local health boards need to think outside the box on how to address this issue. Hospital charges would make dip-turpin blush. They are not only highway robbery but daylight robbery on a captive audience who are often vulnerable due to their illness. The time is now right for change. It is right for patients, it is right for our health board and I believe that it is right for Scotland. We move to the open debate. There are speeches of four minutes, please. I call Gordon MacDonald to be followed by Monica Lennon. I thank Edward Mountain for bringing this debate and giving me the opportunity to speak on the subject of hospital television charges. As someone who spent two 10-day spells in hospital back in 2017, I found that being able to watch television in between the spells of reading helped to offset the boredom that Edward Mountain spoke about and helped me in recovering in the hospital ward. It made me stay more bearable by taking my mind off my medical issues. During my time in hospital, I was admitted to St John's in Livingston and then the Western General in Edinburgh, neither of whom charged for watching television. A freedom of information request to the Lothian health board in 2015 stated that only patients in the PFI-funded royal infirmary in Edinburgh had to pay to watch television, a contract that was signed back in 2001 with patient line now hospedia prior to the hospital opening. They confirmed that no other patients in acute hospitals in the Lothian area were subject to television charges. I agree that the amount charged by this company of up to £9.90 per day to access bedside television is prohibitively expensive. Comparing the cost of the 25 channels provided by them with what is available from a major satellite television provider who charges £22 per month for accessing hundreds of channels highlights just how much patients are being ripped off. The Consumer Association, which carried out a survey back in 2011 where it found that hospital bedside entertainment systems are expensive and confusing for patients, with 61 per cent stating that they were very poor value for money and a third found them confusing to use. Some patients were also unhappy about the quality of the service and the inflexibility of buying credits in order to watch television. Of course, the issue of expensive bedside television provision does not just relate to a number of hospitals in Scotland. Hospedia provides the same service to 160 NHS locations or 75 per cent of acute NHS hospitals across the UK, where over 65,000 patient bedside entertainment units are installed. The UK Government has made no steps to cancel those contracts. Hospedia claims that they are the market-leading provider of bedside communication and multimedia services to hospitals in the UK, with up to 10 million patients a year making use of their services. The company was taken over in 2010 by Los Angeles-based Marlin equity partners. In this instance, the level of involvement by this foreign-owned company and our national health service cannot be blamed in the introduction of PFI contracts in 1992 by John Major's Conservative Government, or they are continued use by the subsequent Labour Government, resulting in PFI contracts costing the UK public purse £110 billion to date and with future payments being made up to the 2040s costing another £199 billion. This situation developed under the last Labour Government, which stipulated that across the UK all hospitals should offer a bedside television and telephone service. The difficulty was that they provided no funding in order to do so, and individual health boards or hospitals had no option but to enter into 15 to 20-year contracts with companies to provide the service funded by patients and their families. Thankfully, a number of those hospedia contracts in Scotland are ending during the course of this year. I welcome the NHS Scotland's investigating the feasibility of free Wi-Fi-enabled bedside entertainment units. It is great news that patients in NHS Lothian will be trialling the new free patient service, including access to video streaming. If successful, I look forward to many more health boards across the UK following Scotland's example. I thank Edward Mountain for bringing forward a debate. Unfortunately, my colleague David Stewart is unwell this week, but he was very keen to speak in the debate today. I hope that Edward Mountain's friend has also made a good recovery. When we think about the pressures on the NHS and the day-to-day needs of the service, hospital televisions is not the thing that brings to most people's minds. However, when I saw that Edward Mountain has secured this debate, I was quite keen to speak because my mum has spent a huge amount of time in hospital recently, in and out. Even this week, she has been in a side room on her own, so having access to a television or your mobile phone or outside the world is really important. What I have learned about hospital televisions this week is that it varies right across the country and indeed within health board areas. Although my own mum, who was a patient in Hermeyer's hospital in NHS Lanarkshire, does not have to pay to use the television, it is absolutely tiny. You have to be about eight foot tall to reach it and there is no remote control.  Of course, the nurses are rushed off their feet, so patients do not want to disturb the nursing staff to ask them to turn over the telly. However, I thought that it was really getting a bit much when I phoned her and she said, I am trying to watch Coronation Street and it was taking her two hours to watch it on her phone because the wi-fi was so poor. I think that there is lots of pressures on the NHS, but when we know that people who tend to be in hospital and people who are very sick, our older citizens tend to be there for longer, I was visiting Edinburgh Royal Infirmary recently and I was chatting to senior nurse and staff about delayed discharge and they talked about people who have been in hospital for as long as 12 months, a year longer. For someone in that situation, access to a TV, preferably a free service, is absolutely vital. Gordon MacDonald has set out some of the historical context, which I think is important, but the Government has been in administration for 12 years. This is 2019. We know how important it is for people to be well connected and to welcome the Government's work on the strategy on tackling loneliness and social isolation when people are in hospital until it is an extremely vulnerable time. Having access to TV is not just about watching Coronation Street as important as that is, but people need access to wi-fi to be able to use their phone because, quite often, people are coordinating what is happening in their life and putting arrangements in place for family members perhaps to have caring responsibilities. I hope that we continue to look at those things. I am interested to hear about the pilot scheme and more about it, the pilot in NHS Lothian. Even in Lanarkshire, where I am an MSP, there is that variation. In here in Myers, there is no charge to watch the very small and high-up televisions. Patients in Monklands do get that service from hospedia. It is not as expensive as the charges that Edward Mountain mentioned, but there are people in my region who simply cannot afford even £2-3 a day. I know from her own clinical and professional background that the minister will probably have lots of knowledge on the subject and will, from her expertise in mental health, know the importance of ensuring that people do not feel lonely, isolated and do not feel that they are a burden when they have to ask staff to come and change the channel so that they do not miss Coronation Street. I am interested to hear what the minister has to say. I will look at Edward Mountain's position. I think that there is something here that we can all work together on. I thank Edward Mountain for bringing forward this issue. The last of the open debate contributions is from Miles Briggs. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I would like to start by congratulating my friend and colleague Edward Mountain for securing this debate this afternoon. For all his campaigning across the Highlands and Islands, Edward Mountain is rapidly becoming the voice of the Highlands and Islands NHS in Parliament. I think that that is a positive thing. In addition, I know that patients and clinicians in the Highlands are grateful for his work and his on-going support. Having access, as has already been outlined, to bedside television and telephone services, is something that many of us will have received letters and emails from constituents and their families who have spent any period of time in hospital. Two family friends of mine recently spent time in both Ninewells, Dundee and Forresterhill in Aberdeen. I visited them both, and it was clear to see the difference in the patient experience in those two hospitals. It is clear from today's debate that there is a provision of television in hospital. There is a real postcode lottery across Scotland from Forresterhill in Aberdeen, where patients have access to bedside television to Ninewells where they do not. It is clear, as has already been outlined, how loneliness, boredom and isolation in hospital are impacted by people not having access to those services, especially as more of our hospitals look to move towards single-patient rooms. Long stays in hospitals can be dull for patients, so access to bedside television—probably at bedtime—and wi-fi is important for letting patients keep in touch with loved ones and know what is happening in the outside world. I welcome, as Edward Mountain has already outlined, the constructive comments that the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport has made to date with regard to the situation in NHS Highland and the need to secure a better deal for patients splashing out extortionate fees to watch television at Ragemore hospital in Inverness. I want to use my time to date to highlight the situation in my health board of NHS Lothian. At present, hospital bedside television is provided by Hospedia with a basic bundle costing £17.50 for two days and, amazingly, costing £5 for just two hours. I hope that NHS Lothian will look as well as how, in the future, it can get a better price achieved for patients in Lothian when the contract is next up for negotiation. However, it is also important during this debate that we look to the future and, increasingly, as has been outlined, patients are bringing their iPads into hospital and there is potential for those who do not have this technology to be given it while they are in hospital. Following research by the Scottish Conservatives, we discovered that NHS Lothian was the only health board in Scotland not to provide free Wi-Fi to patients. That is an issue that I have campaigned on since I was elected and have called for Wi-Fi to be made available to patients in NHS Lothian hospitals. The pilot of Wi-Fi at St John's hospital in May 2018 was a real success and was used by 4,635 different devices during that month. NHS Lothian told me that the western general hospital will have Wi-Fi rolled out in August and the royal infirmary of Edinburgh plans to have Wi-Fi by the end of what was last year. I have asked NHS Lothian today for an update on how that has been delivered, but it is an important aspect of how we make sure that Wi-Fi and patients have access to that. I welcome the fact that the health board has acted on that. I am pleased that NHS Lothian has also committed to having this operational Wi-Fi in place when the new royal hospital for children moves to the new site and hopefully opens later this year. I hope that today's debate can look at the opportunities for NHS boards to renegotiate those bedside television contracts when they are next up for renewal to ensure the best possible value for money for patients and families across Scotland. Scottish Conservatives support a review of the provision of television across NHS Scotland's hospital estate, and I hope that this is something that the Scottish Government Minister, when she is responding, will look to undertake with health boards. As has been outlined today, no one wants to be in hospital, but when they are, we have a real opportunity to make sure that that is not full of loneliness and boredom, and having access to television is part of that. I now call Claire Hawke to respond to the debate for around seven minutes, please. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. I would also like to add my thanks to Edward Mountain for bringing this issue to the chamber and for the opportunity to take part in this debate. This enables us to update the chamber on our plans to enhance patient experience across NHS Scotland. As we have heard from the several speakers, NHS Scotland's patient entertainment services currently vary, depending on location and the specialities of the hospital sites. Each NHS board provides free access to televisions and communal telephones across their hospitals, either at ward level or in dayrooms. In addition to that, some NHS boards, including NHS Highland, as we have heard, opted to contract out the provision of entertainment to Hospedia, who provides bedside entertainment to patients on a pay-as-you-go basis in addition to those communal telephones and televisions. The Hospedia contract term is 15 years, during which time Hospedia provides and maintains bedside entertainment systems. Patients are charged to use those facilities and, as Mr Mountain correctly stated, the NHS boards receive no income for providing that service. There is no provision within the contracts for early termination. As such, early termination would have to be via negotiated settlement, which would likely be prohibitively expensive and divert funds from front-line healthcare. Thank you very much for clarifying that, and that is exactly as I understood it. Can you confirm whether the previous Governments, run by the SNP, have tried to look at buying their way out of their contracts, and if so, the results of that? As I have stated already, those contracts are negotiated by the individual NHS boards. While daily equivalent charges can be reduced by purchasing longer-term packages, I agree that those services need to be reviewed. The Scottish Government therefore expects all NHS boards to assess and adopt a patient-centred approach on the expiration of those contracts, consideration of both value for money and, importantly, the patient experience. We recognise that televisions provide respite to many patients whilst in hospital, and we also recognise that technology has moved on since those contracts were introduced, as well as to acknowledge that the importance of technology in enabling patients to remain connected to the outside world. That is particularly important for patients who are admitted into hospitals for lengthy periods of time to help to prevent feelings of isolation and loneliness, and to allow patients who are able to continue their work or studies if they wish to do so. With that in mind, and the prevalence of mobile phones and tablets, a more effective policy may be for NHS boards to allow access to free wi-fi for patients to connect to online services through their devices. NHS Lothian is currently in the process of piloting patient and visitor wi-fi throughout their major acute sites, and that was stimulated by receiving patient feedback that would often highlight the lack of wi-fi and suggested that that would improve their experience whilst in hospital. NHS Lothian's Endowment Fund's Edinburgh and Lothian's Foundation Trust has supported this project and is providing additional funding to enable the board to purchase a large wi-fi package. At St John's Hospital and the Western General Hospital, patients have been able to stream live television, watching on-demand box sets such as BBC iPlayer, ITV Hub, All4 and Mi5, and to sign into any accounts that patients purchased for at home use such as Netflix, BT Sports and SkyGo, and they can be watched on personal devices. In addition to media streaming, the provision of wi-fi has supported connectivity with the outside world and reduced isolation, which, as we have heard in various contributions around the chamber this afternoon, is a concern for patients while they are in hospital. For example, patients and visitors are now able to communicate using messenger services, emails and social media without worrying about limits and charges associated with personal data packages. They are able to access news websites to keep up to date with current affairs and to continue the running of their daily lives such as paying bills, working remotely, online shopping and so on. I acknowledge that other NHS boards may not have the same level of endowment funding but I stress again that all NHS boards should balance patient-centred options with value for money. I am very grateful. I have a practical point because when I made the comment about my mum not grabbing a chair to turn over the TV, it was a genuine concern that some people might overstretch themselves or stand on a chair and I have been told that over the years all the remote controls in here might have disappeared. I know that you have a local interest too. Is there something that we could do to ask NHS Lancashire to look at that in particular? I know that you get universal remote controls, but it is a very simple thing that could make a difference and prevent people from injuring themselves. Clare Haughey. I thank Monica Lennon for that intervention. I agree that NHS Lancashire should look at that, particularly if that is a health and safety issue. We certainly do not want staff or patients or relatives to be falling well in hospital. Unfortunately, over Christmas and new year, I myself spent a considerable amount of time visiting my father-in-hospital, so I appreciate how important it is to have access to TVs and to have entertainment that is there. At that point in time, he was free, and he was able to access his television through touching it rather than through remote control. The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport announced last week that she expects NHS Helen to be actively considering free WiFi services or other suitable alternatives to the current hospedia contract. We recognise that Highlands and Islands are subject to inconsistencies in terms of internet provision, and it is therefore important to ensure that any option selected in terms of future patient entertainment has the appropriate infrastructure in place to support it. That does not mean that the Scottish Government would be supportive of NHS Highland taking out a further 15-year contract with hospedia under the current terms, and it is expected that the continuation of any such contract should be an interim solution on the basis of maintaining services. We are in agreement with Mr Mountain's request for all NHS boards to review bedside television contracts when they are up for renewal, and we would go further than that and stress that it is our expectation that boards do not simply renegotiate existing contracts but consider all available options, putting the patients at the centre of any decision made. In conclusion, the Scottish Government is in agreement with Mr Mountain that any charges for bedside televisions in hospitals must be proportionate and affordable, and in addition to striving to reduce or eliminate patient charges, we urge boards to explore options for putting in place services that will provide more than just television and that will keep patients connected to their friends and families and to their lives. That concludes the debate, and this meeting is suspended until half past 2.


egins, that's the goal. Yes, and that's worked into the agreement and the scope of the project. All right, well, I'm really happy that we're finally moving this along. So I would like to make a motion to approve this item tonight. I'll second. I think Tristi and Shocker has a comment. I just have one comment. Thank you for clarifying the timeframe. Is it possible that as we get updates on the assortment change orders that you can include pictures that went over well last time, first star light. So if we can just show that with the improvements. Thank you so much for all your hard work in completing this. Okay, we have a first and a second. All those in favor? Aye. Anyone opposed? Abstaining motion carries seven. All, thank you. Okay, now moving on to our report and discussion items. This is item 10.1, the 2122 program update by PVUSD, Career and Technical Education. So before we continue, I do wanna make a motion to extend the meeting till the same midnight, just in case. Sounds good. Second. First and second, all those in favor? Aye. Anyone opposed? Aye. Motion carries six, one. Can I say one thing though, before you start your presentation? Some people might have not been in the room when we made, when we approved our agenda tonight and we had pulled item 9.14 by staff recommendations. So anyway, so I just wanted to say that in case people were wondering why we didn't go over that agenda item. Good evening, board president Disurpa, vice president Orozco, board trustees, Dr. Rodriguez and the PVUSD community. Tonight I will be presenting an update on the PVUSD CTE program. This is gonna work. You're gonna do it. I'm doing it, sorry. Oh, point it this way and look this way. Okay. I can do that. Thanks, sorry, that's true.  Oops, there it is. So tonight, in preparing this presentation, we circled around three themes that I wanted to share with you. Inspiration, aspiration and sustainability in our program from in 21, 22. The people of CTE. In a moment, one moment, I just first wanna say the fingerprints of PVUSD are all over the CTE program. There isn't a department, a person, a student, a teacher, administration, across the board, the whole organization has been incredibly supportive of growing CTE. And tonight, I'm super excited to share with you just a very short video that we put together to show you some of what's going on in our classrooms right now. My CTE class has helped me see the world from a whole different perspective and see things more in depth. My CTE class gives me a chance to work on real life hands-on projects. I gain the ability to learn new things quickly and be comfortable with taking risks. This class has taught me creative problem solving and to think for myself. It has taught me not to be afraid to fail and to learn from my mistakes. This class has helped me develop a strong voice and take pride in things I create. I'm learning to look at the world as it could be, not as it is on the surface. Thank you, thank you. So the first part of the presentation is around inspiration, whoops. This is sort of CTE by the numbers. More than 4,700 students enrolled, 49 teachers, 72 courses, 26 pathways, 70% and it's actually 72 because I recalculated it last night. 70% of high school students are in a CTE pathway in our high schools. Our pathways represent 14 of the 15 California industry sectors in high schools and middle schools. 14 of our courses are articulated with Cabrillo College which is up 75% in the last two years. We are 100% A through G in this school year which is up 30% so there is not a CTE class offered by PVUSD that can't go on a UC or CSU application with a grade of C or better course. We have six courses that are dual-enrolled with Cabrillo College and that's growing and because of systems that we're building we're able to track our students that are completing pathways now and a completing student is a student who's taken two courses that are sequential in the same pathway. So we'll start to see those numbers improving over time as we have new systems built in our student information system. Vertical alignment K-12 has been a focus in this last year with a particular lens around coming up through elementary and middle school to high school. This is a, I'm not gonna go through every single item here but just hitting a couple of those high points around that vertical articulation includes middle grade CTE Adoptus Junior will be expanding to an exploring biotech class for eighth grade and video production. Those are both pathways Adoptus High. So students will get a sense of that before they choose their classes as they go into high school. Elementary, middle and high school vertical articulation is in place coming up this fall at Hall District, Pajaro Middle and Watsonville High with the Latino Youth Cinema Project and the exploring the sustainable AG pathway and at Starlight, Cesar Chavez and PV High, the Latino Youth Cinema Project. And then that dovetails in working closely with Sue Galte on the kind of coming together, the merging of the Latino Youth Cinema Project with the CTE program as students come up through the high school program. We're still focusing on the high quality elements of CTE which are national standards and there's a survey going on right now where I'm visiting elementary schools meeting with principals to learn about what's happening on their campuses so that I can see the really awesome things that are going on because that is the beginning of the passion's interests and talents of our students and as they are nurtured and grow through the younger grades as we prepare to receive them into middle and high school and then on to life. Getting that information right now, we're gonna be able to create an eco-map showing all of the connection, whoops, sorry, gonna talk with my hands, all of the connection points and also the opportunities that we may be able to reveal through that work. Our signature pathways are growing in their features. We have biotech at Aptas High, PV High Programming, Graphic Design at Renaissance and Sustainable Ag at Watsonville. Three of those four are considered integrated pathways where the students are taking a core subject in combination with the CTE course. For example, at Aptas High, the biotechnology pathway starts with the technology of biology, so freshman bio through the lens of biotech. Graphic Design is an integrated arts class and Sustainable Ag also has a three course pathway where the first class is agricultural biology so it's biology through that lens and then it's chemistry through that lens as they go through their subject areas. This is a cute little photograph of some students that were seeing something happening in their freshman biotech bio class, student working in programming at PV High, teacher Jason Solis at Renaissance with one of his students, super proud of the work they're doing and then Erin Laris and her students in the Sustainable Ag pathway at Watsonville High. The next part of my presentation is aspiration and I wanted to show you this constellation of partners. CTE is a community of connections. Our community partners are what makes the program come alive. So you can see in brown, we have our established partners and the blue are emerging partners. So, long time partner, Digital Nest, the Lagocci Project, very established city of Watsonville with Summer in the City and other things that we're working on. The MBAP, the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership provides us with insight into the local labor market which is very important for our program. Project Bike Tech in the entrepreneurship pathway at PV High, Latino youth of course and then exciting emerging opportunities and having great conversations with the Watsonville Community Hospital around getting our students back in the hospital visiting on a regular basis from both PV High and Watsonville and our patient care pathways. We've been talking with Joby Aviation and UCSC CIDR which is their drone initiative around an engineering pathway around drone technology and that Monterey Bay Dart is also drone related consortium. The California Homebuilding Foundation was, we mentioned that a few meetings ago. We're partnering with them. They're going to be supporting our construction pathways at Optos and Watsonville with great resources, scholarships and help for our teachers and then an emerging partnership with Lemelson-MIT around invention education, project-based learning. Very interesting, exciting new developments that are going to show up in the CTE program. Just to show you recently, we got notification, we received our CTEG grant for the 21-22 school year. They were very delayed. It was, this is a grant that starts in July of last year but it's happening now and just a quick synopsis so you can see we applied for 1.1 million. We received an award of 933,000 and it's going to fund tiny home projects at both high schools. It's the startup money for the tiny homes and the training for the teachers. It's establishing an engineering pathway at new school and also engineering at our other schools to connect to CUBRIO's engineering programs and their two plus two is CSUMB and UCSC. So engineering is growing in our district, middle grade CTE of course. I'll talk a minute about the CTE works project and just some other, you know, this funding supports a whole array of things that goes across the whole program. Sustainability, funding now and in the future. Just wanted to share with you just a snapshot of the now and the future funding. We have our CTE grant which I just shared with you. We have a former one that we're still expending, the new one that's just arrived. Strong workforce we'll be applying for in the fall. The actions of our existing strong workforce grants are still occurring. We just received our Perkins allocation for this year and it was up $21,000 from the year prior due to some of the data that we're able to report showing completers and some other aspects. That was a favorable increase. We have a CTE teach program. That's a teacher induction support for new teachers in CTE middle school implementation. As I mentioned Hall District, Pajaro Middle there's funding that is coming from that. Our PVUSD LCAP goal two action steps in progress. And then the future more CTEG, additional rounds of strong workforce, Perkins and then LCAP. Our systems and structures are built with sustainability in mind. And our LCAP goal two really deeply reflects PVUSD's ongoing commitment to the CTE program. We're having an industry advisor recruitment meeting tomorrow evening to build our advisory, our official advisory which I'll bring a list of advisors for the board to consider to the next meeting. We're recruiting out of that event. And then we're doing two projects with Salesforce and you may be familiar with Salesforce, industry global leader in contact management systems that we are using to build out a grant management system because with between CTE and some of the other grants that are CTE related, we're managing about 60 grants and it's a lot of moving parts. And so one platform to be able to manage, report, make sure we're spending the money the way we said we would doing it with Fidelity. That's going to come online July one. And then our CTE works platform is a Salesforce platform built for students to be able to connect to the community to apply for internships, have opportunities to have work-based learning. So this is just a quick peek at the grant management dashboard that we're working with. I'll bring it back so you can see it for reals then once it's launched after the summer. This is the landing place for the community to be able to see what's going on in our CTE program and for partners to be able to be intrigued and want to know more and to onboard with us. This is what a student will see when they log in. They'll have their Naviance which you're familiar with is our college and career platform. Students will have taken assessments in Naviance, strong interest inventory, Myers-Briggs, some of the things that help people navigate what careers for me. That student is going to get pushed out, tagged opportunities from partners that are posting things because of that assessment data. This is what a partner will see when they log in. And then in summary, 4,700 students, 26 pathways, 100% A through G, lots to be excited about, and that truly this program is honoring our students' passions, interests, and talents. And that is my report. Any, and I'm delighted to take questions. Do we have any speakers? No. Any questions from the board? Jen, home. Just a quick comment. I know it's my oldest graduated from high school six years ago, and it's a key, the CTE courses that he took then were some of his favorite. And my youngest will start high school next year and I'm so looking forward to the opportunities that he'll have just with how I've seen CTE grow since I've been a board member has just been amazing. So thank you. It's an honor to work on this, it's really, it's good work, so yeah. Can you show us your comments? Yes. So it's so exciting and I know that we've done a lot in the last few years with your leadership and it just makes me want more. So I have two questions for you. One is a possible marine biology pathway and the second one would be an aerospace pathway. Aerospace employs over 2.4 million people and it's one of the higher paid sectors in the United States so it would be neat to kind of have some ideas moving forward in some directions we can expand and tap into the existing programs. Absolutely and we recently explored an aerospace grant. That's how we got to be in partnership with Joby, Monterey, Bay Dart, UCSC and that work is continuing. So we're laying the groundwork for that and building the relationships for it and thank you for that endorsement of that because I think it's a really exciting area. Also in talking with the Watsonville Municipal Airport kind of planning the bug about drone takeoff and landing, Vertiport, I learned a new term because Marina has that but Watsonville doesn't so it'd be very exciting to be able to offer courses around that and have that be right in our community as well. So yeah, yeah. Anyone else have a question on this side of the table? Hi, okay, do you, Maria? Okay. So I think maybe this was on one of the first slides but can you remind us just so the community can hear how much, what's your overall budget for CTE? Well there's an underlying significant LCAP investment and that's a really good question. I'm building a budget right now. One of the things that is this year's project is to do a four year plan for CTE with detail in the first 18 months and then the vision kind of heading out four years. I'm building a budget along with that that I'm calling turn the lights on which is what does it take to wake the program up every year because CTE programs are expensive and so that's why sustainability is something that I'm really trying to think about in terms of what are the systems and structures that aren't gonna just be money that we spend every year because it's the easy way. We're doing some hard work to build things for efficiency in the future. So can I get back to you with that? You can, absolutely. Mostly I was also just wondering because I'm super interested in the platforms with Salesforce. I think that's such a good idea because your funders they want sometimes quarterly reports, bi-annual reports, monitoring reports. I mean, so all of those things you can't miss a single one or you are in danger of losing the funding. So I love that I cannot believe you have 60 grants. That's really what I wanted to know is like about how much are you working within grants? Yeah, and the finance department's incredible. We're working on this, building out this grant management platform together with the support of the district because there are so many, like each one is somewhat unique. So it's not like they all report the same way. No, and all different times and all they want all different, yeah. Exactly, so it's a way to automate a portion of that. Well, you can tickle it too so you can know when something is due. So I think I love that idea. Yeah, yeah, I can't wait to show it to you. Does Salesforce comp you any of that work? They have an educational arm of their corporation and they discount to education like 75%. So the licensing is very affordable, considering the value of the tool. The development is basically a one-time expense to have it customized to our needs so that it really works for us. So that's an expense that we pay for, we get it the way we want it, and then ongoingly a little bit of consulting maintenance and licensing each year. So that's part of the turn the lights on. That's great, and then my other question was do any of your pathways aligned to anything happening with the adult school? Are you guys articulating anything with Nancy's group? We did talk about auto that potentially this was before COVID, just before COVID that we talked about connecting potentially with Hartnell because they have a very active, successful automotive program. I think they're aligned with Toyota and talking about having access to that space for another level of class because it's extremely popular and students love it and they take level one and two and then that's it. So if we could go beyond that and then dovetail with adult school and use that shop, then that's one thing that we have, yeah, that we've talked about that we need to wake that back up because we can now. Okay, thank you. Thank you. I do have a question. Maria has a question for you. So we know how a virtual academy. Yeah. And so are those students getting the benefit of something like this? Virtual Academy, what their program has some CTE that's built into it. The curriculum or the provider that the Virtual Academy has built on has some CTE. At this point, in terms of students being able to take CTE courses from the Virtual Academy, it has come up a little bit. That's certainly something that we could look at and figure out how to do that. The classes are very requested right now. And so, you know, that's, I think that's, it's certainly something to do. I think so. Noodle through. Yeah. Yeah, because I think the goal is to have all the students be able to access this, right? Yeah. Can I add something to that? There are Virtual Academy students who are enrolled in CTE courses at some of the other high schools. And so it does exist right now where they are still enrolled in the other high schools in the CTE courses. Okay. Thank you for that. I guess one more, just a comment. Is this nice to see the expansion of partners? At least when I came to the board and hardly anyone really wanted to work with us because they didn't really see our students being successful or they didn't, or they had the idea that our students couldn't succeed. And so for us to be able to get to this point where we're seeking out partners and they're responding, I think it's amazing. I think it's a testament of the work that we as entire district have done, you know, from our teachers to cabinet members, to board members. You know, so, and this is really exciting to see and I think is gonna be very sought out, I think, by surrounding districts. I think that's my hope and that should be the goal. So thank you so much to you and your team for the amazing work. Thank you, we appreciate it, thanks. Can we make a request, President D'Souza? I think it would be nice to have a CTE tour, Dr. Rodriguez, and see some of the CTE pathways in the works during the school day. Thank you. That'd be fun, okay. Okay, thank you for the great report. Thanks. Keep up the good work. Next, we have item 10.2, board training on program governance and family engagement with our migrant and seasonal head start 2022. This will be delivered by Angelica Renteria. And Irene Herrera, who's the parenting moment coordinator for migrant and seasonal head start. Good evening, President CERPA Board of Trustees and Dr. Rodriguez. My name is Angelica, as you know. Director of Migrant and Seasonal Head Start. We appreciate the opportunity to go over the governance training once again. This year, we're planning on spending less time on governance and more time on family engagement. As there are no new members to the board this year, so we're taking this opportunity. I believe you all went through this training before, especially President CERPA for many, many years. Good evening, President CERPA and members of the board. My name is Irene Herrera-No. I'm the Parent Involvement Supervisor with Migrant and Seasonal Head Start. And I'm happy to be here to share a little bit about how we work with parents as partners. So training outcomes. This is an opportunity to remind us of the composition of the governance structure between Migrant and Seasonal Head Start and PVUSD. It is also an opportunity to remind us of the internal systems we have created for a successful and smooth collaboration between governance groups and management. That includes the policy committee, the board of trustees, and district administrators. In addition, we would like to take the opportunity to share with you some of the family engagement opportunities within PVUSD-Migrant Head Start that make the program a success. A little bit on the composition of the governance structure. Head Start requires that boards and policy committees work together with district administrators on program design, planning, monitoring, and oversight. How do we do this at PVUSD? A few years ago, we created a procedure that has been successfully implemented, I can say. And according to this procedure, one or two members of the board act as liaisons for the policy committee. It is a privilege to have Trustee Shaker as a liaison for Migrant and Seasonal Head Start. She attends our policy committee meetings regularly and gets appraised of what's going on with the program in detail. She also keeps us informed of community events and activities suitable for our families. It is also a pleasure to have Trustee Daniel Das Jr. as a liaison for the program. So how do we do this together? How do we work together? It is my job as a director to establish a working structure for effective communication with the governing groups. It is also my responsibility as the director to maintain ongoing communication with the funding source and be appraised of changes in requirements, policies, and procedures. Within that structure, I ensure that we meet deadlines for input, for review, for revision, approval, and submission of each one of the elements of the refunding application. As an example, to simplify processes, I developed the calendar on the right. This calendar serves as a guide to ensure all steps and timelines are followed. The goal is to ensure we submit all components of the refunding application in time to secure funding for the following program year. If you look at the screen, there are two calendars. The one on the left represents the timelines established by the funding source, Central California Migrant Head Start, Stanislaus County Office of Education, which is the same agency. That calendar helps us develop our calendar on the right. In addition, we take into consideration meeting days for both the Board of Trustees and the policy committee. And I work with the Varenderia on that every year. If you look at the calendar in detail on the next slide, highlighted in blue, two task force meetings are scheduled every year. For the purpose of providing input opportunities to the governing groups. These task force, these meetings or these two dates are carefully scheduled into different times of the year. The first one before the program starts and the second one in September. To gather input just before the annual refunding application is submitted for review and approval. We just had the first task force meeting a couple of days ago, weeks ago, and we had a rich conversation about family childcare home services in the program. You'll notice on that calendar that different items come to you for review and approval in different times of the year. Those items go along with our planning calendar and include budgets, program monitoring results, training and technical assistance plan, goals and objectives. As you can see on the calendar, our cycle begins on March 1 and ends at the end of February. We follow the same cycle every single year. It's a little hard for the district because we have a different funding year and Colleen suffers a lot with us because we have accounting differences, but we work together really well on that. Also on the board packet, I included a copy of the program governance reference book that gives you more detail about governance. So this is governance in a nutshell. And this is what I have for you tonight. So I can give you an opportunity to listen to Irene and learn more about family engagement. And before I move to family engagement, I would like to know if you have any questions on this structure. Before you move on to engagement, is that what you said? Family engagement. I think we're going to save questions. For the end? Yes, if that's okay. If everybody could write down their question. Family engagement is an essential component of Head Start. Tonight, we would like to discuss the Head Start approach to family engagement and some examples of what this looks like in our program, especially as it relates to school readiness. As you can see on the slide, there are four approaches that we take and I'm going to briefly review each one of them, but please look at the center image. I will start there. The district's focus of serving the whole child, the whole family and the whole community is what Head Start is all about. It's supporting children and families in a comprehensive way. And we do this by providing early learning and development services, dental and health screening, healthy meals and services to support family well-being. The focus has been, this focus has been the foundation of Head Start since the very beginning. That was 57 years ago. So number one, communication and relationship building. Our first and most important approach to effective family engagement is building trusting relationships with families. In order to build those trusting relationships, we emphasize the role of the parent as the first and most important teacher and we recognize that each family has strengths for supporting their children. In addition to this, each family's culture and language is honored. As an example of this, we currently have a trilingual staff member on board. She speaks English, Spanish and Mixteco Bajo to support our indigenous population. You see, in Myron and Seasonal Head Start, each and every staff member has a role to play in supporting family engagement. I'm going to move on to the second focus area. As participants of the Myron and Seasonal Head Start program, families receive individualized services. Each participant is paired up with a family services advocate. And this person conducts a home visit to get to know the family and to complete a family needs and strengths assessment. And any immediate needs that are identified are prioritized and they're addressed either through internal or external referrals. Family advocates also collaborate with the families to help them identify any interests, needs or aspirations that they might have in order to support them to create family goals. In the education component, teachers and family childcare home providers meet with the families to get to know the children and to learn about their individual needs. So that they can support them in their transition to the program. They also plan individualized activities for the children based on screening and assessment results. And this includes children with disabilities. Through the experience of participating in individualized services, our parents become learners. Our third approach is to offer ongoing learning opportunities for parents. The program offers many of those learning opportunities such as participating in special topic workshops where they can learn about car seat safety or they can learn other things that can help them support their family. They can also become involved in one of 10 parent committees. The parent committees are a key approach to supporting ongoing learning for families. First, in these parent committees, there's a space where parents can develop leadership skills. Parent leaders are elected for each committee and they take on specific roles. Second, families receive program updates and announcements directly from program staff and from teaching staff. Third, parent committees provide the space where educational presentations can be delivered on a variety of topics. First, families and staff collaborate in a selection process. And this is a lengthy process that takes into account our program's goals and objectives. And this couldn't be achieved if we didn't have collaborations in the community. Over the years, the program has developed partnerships and it's with various agencies but to name a few, Salud para la Gente has been a strong collaborator, the city of Watsonville, community bridges and most recently the Bahrain Valley Health Trust. So the last approach here is empowering families to advocate for their own needs. Besides empowering families in the parent committees, we have a parent leadership group. This is the policy committee. And this is a group of 15 parents and they have a say in how the program is run. Their role is to ensure that the program meets the needs of all families. For example, the policy committee gives input, reviews and approves each element of the refunding application that Angelica just reviewed for you. This includes the days, months and hours of operation. In addition, the policy committee parents have the opportunity to serve in the policy council and this is a regional parent leadership group. At times, this group is invited to represent the Grand T agency, Central California. I think our mic is, yeah, we lost the mic. One second. We want the people who are watching on TV to be able to hear what you say. So just one second. Sorry about that. So as I was saying, parents have the opportunity to participate in the regional parent leadership group, the policy council. And at times they're able to go to national conferences and policy forums in Washington DC where they have the opportunity to advocate directly to senators and representatives. And if you look at the slide here, this is a picture of our former policy committee president. He's being interviewed there and he participated in a video for the council for a strong America and he was advocating for more quality early childhood programs, especially in rural areas. Move to the next slide. So here, these are different ways in which families can become engaged to support their families, their child's ongoing learning and development. But today we want to focus on our parenting curriculum and our off season instructional program. So number three and number seven there. So Ready Rosie is a research-based education tool that helps families support their own learning as well as their child's learning. And we began using this curriculum four years ago. And here's how it works. Families receive a weekly playlist and in that playlist there's three to four videos. And they receive them either by text message or by email. Each video contains real families. As you can see there, they're modeling games and communication conversations in different areas. And the areas are listed there, language and literacy, math, social, emotional learning, health and wellbeing. So families watch those videos. They do the activities with their child and then they share their experiences, their comments with us through the Ready Rosie platform and staff can respond to those comments. And it's really great to see those comments come in because that gives us an opportunity to encourage them or at times they have difficulties with all those activities and we're able to give them strategies on how to simplify those activities or at times even how to make them a little bit more challenging for them. So the last thing I wanna say is that in 2021 we were able to have 502 families connected and participating in our parenting curriculum and that represents 89% of our families. And so we're happy with Ready Rosie and every year we're really looking at how we can improve our implementation and so we're working on that at this time. Thank you. My name is Yisong Estar, started a new project last winter. That project originated from the need to continue supporting the ongoing learning of children while the program was closed. As you know, we opened the main season May through October. We don't have funding to continue. But we basically meet the needs of the families working in the fields. In a discussion with the early learning team and in an effort to standardize assessment timelines, data analysis and in one team to be more intentional on opportunities for children's learning and school readiness, we created the off season instructional program. For this project, we invited all four girls, 146 of them and their families in November to continue with us through March when the program was closed. Through this project, we offered informational sessions and monthly checking meetings for parents so they could learn about the purpose of the project and how to support their children by utilizing available resources included in the monthly educational packets, the applications and programs on the iPads and how to engage at home without the direct support of the teacher. We had out of the 146 we invited, we had 138 children participating. 95% of them received an iPad. Those iPads have specific applications uploaded including ready Rosie, training curriculum, footsteps to brilliance, our literacy program, bilingual songs and videos that support English language development, alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness and math concepts. Thanks to the technology department for the support. As you can see on the chart, 101 families attended one or more monthly educational checking meetings from December to March. We distributed 430 educational learning home packets to families to support children's learning at home and we have a sample of the packet with us if you wanna see it. In addition, we collected 138 family activity calendars. Those calendars include simple 15 minute activities for each day. Those activities are carefully selected to support school readiness goals. And for each activity, the family is complete with their children. We get credit. We collect in kind donations. In 2021, we collected $451,000 from these calendars. This is just an example on how easily families can get engaged in activities with their children and spend quality time together. And at the same time, they help us meet our non-federal check requirement. Some of the successes this slide speaks for itself. We have on the left, Senora Elvira Luna Rodriguez picking up her monthly educational learning packet in the winter. In the middle, we have our top student reader in the TK category, Ruby Vega Ortiz for Footsteps to Brilliance. She read 30,675 words. And then to the right, we have our top Rady Rosy participant, a parent. Senora Senaida Jimenez. She was also recognized for being the top Rady Rosy participant in 2021. These pictures alone represent the high quality early education programs PVUSD offers to children and families. And throughout the years and experience, we have learned that if we equip families to advocate for themselves and to support their children and that education, we're building a better future together. Thank you for your support. What a great presentation. Do we have any speakers to this one? We have no speakers. Okay, and any comments or questions from our board? I just want to make a comment, if I may. You may comment and thank you for being a liaison to this program. It's a great program. It's wonderful, yeah. Thank you. It's a great program. I just wanted, or in helicast, sorry. If you can tell us how many current family homes we have serving our children. In 2021, we contracted with 51 family child care homes. That's in addition to the child development contracts. Serving 437 children during the regular season and then 70 children in the winter session. Okay. And how many homes are we still short? So we've lost providers. We've lost providers through the winter to other programs that are contract with the providers year round. And we lost about 57 slots. We continue our recruitment activities. We were just speaking to La Bamba yesterday about helping us with recruitment. And then we had a wonderful discussion last week about different strategies on recruitment. We're gonna go to the farmers markets and Alicia just gave me the access to sign up to do different activities in the community. So we can continue recruitment. We also have a child development advisory credentialing program in-house to support providers that meet the requirements so they can contract with us. And I believe we have about eight participants in that child development advisory credential program. And how many children are we looking at coming into the season? Because we'll be starting in May. So you know about how many children we have registered? We are funded for 752 children. And we serve about 80% of the children in the regular season and the rest of the children in the winter session. Depending on how many slots we get between now and May in family charter homes that will depend how many children stay for the winter program. And with the site at Freedom being remodeled how is that going to impact the program? The remodeling of the Freedom site is going to impact the program with a loss of 40 slots, 40 preschool slots. But we're looking at additional family charter homes slots so we can get additional spaces for those children in the meantime. Thank you very much for a great report. Thank you. I have a comment and a couple of questions. Interesting, Roscoe. Thank you. You know, you said something really important on Kedica. And I totally agree with you. It's not just about providing our parents with resources and tools. It's really about empowering the entire family to have a care on their behalf. And so I think you've done phenomenal work in that regard. I know when I serve in the committee years back I was able to get a glimpse of that with the parents sitting at the table. So their leadership and just how spoken they were and how informed they were and advocating for their needs was really neat to see. So you didn't mention internal and external resources. How does the follow through look for that? So after you identify a need, you provide an external referral to a family. Is there a follow through after that? Yes. So we have family services advocates. We have 11 of them. And those families support the families, make a connection with the families to see what their needs are. So the first thing we do during registration is we do a survey. And then from the survey we start collecting information about how we can support them. In including in included in that survey we do a language survey. So we know exactly how many families with different languages we have in the program. We've been collecting data on the indigenous population since 2003. And in 2003 we had 3% of the families from indigenous population. Right now we have 45%. So that's why we decided to create that position to open that position to support the families. So when we started connecting with the family, we started learning about their needs. Then we do follow other steps to be able to support them in their needs. And we have collaborations with the different community agencies. We have a collaboration with Bajaro Valley Prevention Services. And when we identify a child with behavioral needs, we do the referral. We, of course, we do internal curriculum practices and strategies before we do the referral. But as we get to know the child, we learn about specific needs.  Thank you for that. So it's really important too that it's very much data-driven, right? So any move that you make, it's because you have collected that data through an initial assessment and throughout your observations. So thank you for that, because I think that's fundamental. That's how you identify the needs of each family and are able to provide those resources that address that specific need. So thank you for this presentation. It was excellent. I enjoyed it. And I think I walked away with even a better picture of the tremendous amount of work that you and your team do. Thank you. Any other comments or questions from the board? Good job and nice presentation. This is your first time presenting here. You did great. You did great. Thank you very much. Thank you. Keep up the good work. Okay, now we have, we're almost to the end of our meeting, everybody. Next we have a consent agenda and I would like to just call out some donations on behalf of our district and for the Emeril Lagasse kitchen. We have three new donations, if I can find them, to report out on and with great, great gratitude to the S. Martinelli and Company for their $1,500 donation to A&I Transport Incorporated for their $11,000 donation and to Ms. Giselle Ariano for a $500 donation. Every dollar counts and we so appreciate you supporting the efforts of our district to complete our special kitchen and garden. So thank you, that's a total of $13,000. So we are on item 11.1, I'm sorry, 11. It's a consent agenda. I'm looking for a motion to approve. Take a motion to approve. I'll second. All those in favor? Aye. Any opposed? Motion carries unanimously. Thank you. Now we are gonna move to item 14.1, action and report on closed session. Sure, thank you. So under item 2.1, the board approved a full expulsion for the remainder of the school year and the 22, 23 fall semester for student number 21, 22013 with a 601 vote. Under that same item, the board approved the district administration recommendation for a full expulsion for the remainder of the school year and the 22, 23 fall semester for student number 21, 22012. Under that same item, the board approved the district recommendation for a full expulsion for a full year, full calendar year, starting the first day of suspension for student number 21, 22014. And lastly under that same item, the board approved the district recommendation, the district administration recommendation for a full expulsion for a full calendar year, starting the first day of suspension for student number 21, 22015. Under item 2.2, I move to approve the certificated personnel report as presented by the district administration on March 23rd, 2022 with 33 and 39 additional action items. I'll second. All those in favor? Aye. Anyone opposed or abstaining? Motion carries. Thank you very much. Okay. So under item, I'm sorry. Under item 2.3, I move to approve the classified personnel report as presented by the district administration on March 23rd, 2022 with 19 and six additional action items. I'll second. All those in favor? Aye. Anyone opposed or abstaining? Motion carries unanimously. And that's all I have for a closed session. Okay, thank you. Now we're on item 15.1. This is upcoming board meetings. On April 20th, we have a very special board meeting. It will be virtual and it will be to recognize student achievement. Students of the year. Oh sorry, students of the year. So I'm guessing a link will be posted and we'll all be able to participate. And then we'll be back here in the board meeting, our next general board meeting will be on April 27th. And have a great and fun, healthy spring break everybody and thank you for coming tonight.


Let's take a look at how to evaluate some anti-derivatives. Remembering the power rule for integration, we're going to have to take each variable quantity, add one to the exponent, and then divide by that new exponent. And we're going to work one term at a time. We can bring the five out in front for the first term. Now we're doing the anti-derivative of x to the fourth. So we need to add one to the exponent, and then we divide by that new exponent. Now we move to the second term. We'll keep the eight as the coefficient. We have x to the fourth as we add one to the exponent, and then we divide by that new exponent. The nine remains as our coefficient in the third term. Add one to the exponent, divide by the new exponent. Now in the fourth term, remember, of course, the exponent is assumed to be one. We keep the two as the coefficient, and we multiply that by x squared over two. The last term is assumed to be x to the zero power. So as you add one to the exponent, it becomes x to the first. You could also think of it considering the fact that derivatives and anti-derivatives are inverses of each other. If you were to take the derivative of 7x, you get 7. So you could think of it as, what do I have to take the derivative of to get 7 as my answer? So that's really where 7x comes from. You can think of it as two different ways. Then of course, we need plus c, because as you saw in the introductory activity, there could have been a constant term on this original function that when you took the derivative of it, it became zero, and zeroed out. So you need your plus c, your constant of integration, to account for the fact that there could have been a constant term affixed with this function. Now we just simplify. We end up with x to the fifth minus 2x to the fourth plus 3x cubed minus x squared plus 7x plus c. One of the most wonderful things about anti-derivatives and what most people really like about them, you have a way to check your answer. Now that we've arrived at this as our anti-derivative, take the derivative of this. You should get your integrand back again. If you don't, you made a mistake. That's something that we never had with derivatives, a way to check our answer. Here we do. So please do take advantage of that. Let's try another one. Now as we go through these, if you think you're getting pretty good at them, please feel free to pause this video, try it on your own, then restart it to see how you did. This is a problem in which we're going to have to algebraically manipulate it. We're going to have to rewrite the square root of x as x to the one-half and distribute it across the quantity x plus 1 over x. So if we distribute, we get x to the three-halves plus x to the negative one-half because remember 1 over x would be x to the negative one, dx. Remember, we're going to add one to our exponent, then divide by that new exponent. Some people find it helpful as they're just starting this out to actually write that out. You get very good at working with fractions in your head. If we add one to the exponent of three-halves, we get five-halves. Then we have to divide by five-halves. But if you're dividing by five-halves, remember that's the same as multiplying by the reciprocal two-fifths. So we have two-fifths x to the five-halves plus adding one onto the exponent of negative one-half, we get a positive a half, but then we're dividing by it, so we're multiplying by two. And then, of course, you need your constant of integration. Again, take your derivative of this. You'll notice you get this integrand of x to the three-halves plus x to the negative one-half back again. Yet another one we'll have to simplify using our laws of exponents. If we have t squared over t to the four-thirds, subtracting the exponents, we get five t to the two-thirds, and then we have seven t to the negative four-thirds. We're going to add one to our exponents. So the five, this five here, that's going to remain as our coefficient. If we add one, the three-thirds, onto two-thirds, we get five-thirds, then we have to divide by it, so we're multiplying by three-fifths. Now our seven remains as our constant, doing the same with our exponents. We have t to the negative one-third, but then we're dividing by negative one-third, so that's multiplying by a negative three plus c for our constant of integration. Simplifying this, we have three t to the five-thirds, minus twenty-one t to the negative one-third plus c. Again, feel free to check your answer. I highly suggest that by taking the derivative of your answer and making sure you got your integrand. In our next example, we're doing the anti-derivative of two over x. Now this is one for which, remember, that would be two x to the negative one, the power rule does not work. This is the first of the special rules we looked at. The two will remain as our coefficient. Anti-derivative of one over x, remember, is natural log absolute value of x. Yes, it has to be absolute value. Again, we will talk about y in a later lesson. Plus c. Again, you can check your answer. Derivative of natural log of x is one over x, so you do get two over x back again when you check your answer. Now another way to write this, if you think of your laws of logarithms, remember that two could pop back up to become the exponent of x. So another way you could write this would be the natural log of x squared plus c. When you square that value, that is the absolute value. Of course, it's always going to be positive anyway. So that's why you can lose the absolute value bar. So this would be another way you could express your answer. And finally, our last example. We're doing anti-derivative of 8 to the x. This was another one of the special rules for you to memorize. It's going to be 8 to the x divided by natural log of 8 plus c. Let's go ahead and check this one to make sure it's right. So if we took the derivative of this, remember one over natural log of 8 remains because it's a numerical quantity. Now we're just doing derivative of 8 to the x, which would be 8 to the x, natural log of 8. The derivative of that constant, of course, would just be 0. Notice how your natural logs cancel and all you're left with is your 8 to the x.


I'm in a big urnbill. New Jersey Roots. We did not tell these writers what to write it out. So the themes and connections that are made are sort of directly reflecting on their voices in your community. This is our way of saying this is what the artists in your community are thinking about responding to right now, and we're reflecting it back to you. Tonight's proceeds will benefit the New Brunswick Theatre Festival's educational program. So thank you for being here with us, and thank you for buying in. I'd like Jen Ring to talk about what that is. So basically the New Brunswick Theatre Festival for the last couple of years has sent teaching artists into New Brunswick High School to offer students the opportunity to work with professional artists. See what we do, see all of the different fields that there are avenues to explore in the theatre. So not just acting, design, stage management, playwriting, we've done Shakespeare workshops this year. We're looking at expanding our program and offering more sort of a wider array of subject matter. It's really exciting, and we have one of our alumni here tonight, Sean Moore, who's interning with us. I don't know where he is. We create opportunities for these students to do theatre. Yeah, and I will say that we do this festival all over the country. We're doing this festival in cities this year. And sometimes it proceeds earned or, like, is poking for the community. And in this case, the money will actually be going directly to the teaching artists. So thank you for supporting them. They need it. Yeah. And without further ado, a second annual New Jersey Women's Day. Woo! You can't say what you want to say in half that time. You have no idea how to edit. You don't. Cut to the chase, people. Cut to the chase. Yup. Oh, Jesus. Don't just stop whining. I can't feed an entire African village. Oh, I just saw it. You can't be bald? No. Watch every day there. Every day.  Rush is yours, baby. But if you ain't here now, but we're gonna do good by you. Take care of Maggie and the kid and everything. Even though she ain't really talking to us right now.  I love you, bro. Time of year. Damn right. And what you need to me, what you want? How much? It's a hot thing. It was a while ago. So what?  You said that wouldn't be a problem. It won't. It won't. You're going to say something that is going on for me that we have yet to meet. And there's comfort in that? I guess whatever you're supposed to be waiting for. Do you want my number? Yes. The diner and good breakfast. Yeah. My father's famous from Lawrence. That's some of it. We have farm in some R-A-Z-I-E-R. F-R-A-S-E-Rs. Cindy, so are you. I thought you knew.  I have some paperwork from my office. Well, you see, technically it's not your house. You're just renting it. I'll explain everything. I'm calling the police. You're sick. Talk to your grandma first. I'll be back. I'm sorry. It was really nice to see you again. It's actually going to end in about ten seconds. I forgot to carry the six. No problem. Thanks for having me. Thanks for sticking out for so long. I'm avoiding my shift. Are you mad at me about something? I was getting your things and carrying your- This isn't opinion, but it's not just any old opinion. Let's teach you a bit. Report to the office.  It's an opinion that you can prove using facts. Iris Richards. Iris Richards. Report to Mr. Manning's office. It's an opinion that you can prove using statistics. If you don't have that- Iris Richards. Teaching staff can better support you on your journey to feel better about yourself. That's not me. You feel badly about yourself, don't you? Well, yeah, because Brian Daniels is supposed to be calling each trailer trash every day for the last three years. And I know anyone who's willing to escape from sports team. What does that mean? Look, if I don't see it, I can't do anything about it. We can't allow punching in this school. It wasn't an insane aside. You've had water every now and then? I just had my office hours here. It's just a plant. I need to get home. A metaphor. If you know what I mean. She's a vegetarian. We went back to my place and had sex. If you know what I mean. Rachel and I actually danged for a little- I was going out with her because I wanted to make you hate her. And I knew she was the one for you. It was just difficult for me because I am. When I did that. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. She looks exactly like my sister. At least that's- I'm garnering online influence for the cause. Wait, wait, wait. Will you have enough money for a self-plan and not sign materials? I tweet every ten minutes. It doesn't give people attention. How did you find out about my protest? A friend forwarded it to me on Facebook. My outreach reached you. Yeah, but you don't have sign. I will. Do you think? It's got to start somewhere. Realize that they're meant to be together. And then he just left me. For one minute. I really need your support right now. Can you translate this to me? Debbie? Maybe I'll be in a good relationship by then. I'll be single. I see. He's enjoying me looking forward. I love you, babe. Love you too, P. I'm sorry we couldn't make things work out. Me too. This is one other thing. Yeah? It's nothing really. It was.   No, I thought about it a couple of times. Oh well, live and learn, right? I should go now. Yeah, take care of yourself. Goodbye. Goodbye.  That just made me hungry. You should tell them. Looks like you got something. You're doing it with yourself now. Learning these inspirational stories? Yeah, you should be writing. No! Also, my computer has been in the hospital, so... They have these things called pens. I forgot about our anniversary. She's going to be so surprised. Oh yeah, yeah, just make sure you get her reaction. Got it? Yeah, good. Make sure you get it. What am I going to say? What can I say happened? It's empty here. It was the best. It was the best for us, and I trusted you to bid on it. It's a complaint where you can breathe where the sun rises without dread filling your stomach. I trusted you. That's where the future begins. You'll see. Like that sun? Stars in movies where she steps on raw meat with her bare feet when she's selling the fetishes. That's the more stuffing. I suffer from dementia. Can't remember any of your names. I remember by a train, and someone takes a picture of it and puts it on a website. I haven't been sleeping well lately.  What's the music? You gotta give it time. Why here? I'm listening, Kate. And he said what to that? Dumbass.   Problem, who should you be focusing on? Who is a BMI of 28? And a family history of type 2 diabetes?   Could have found some place for him to get his bacon while you've got some nice fresh fruit and low-fat cottage cheese. Yes? Now John, I've helped more law enforcement officials manage their week. Dr. Price, stay there. And all I'm asking you for is commitment about lunch. I can have a word, slightly misspelled, sped out in a foreign language. I'm sorry. In the same place, we're keeping no. I hope you don't take this personally, but I never want to see either of you say all that. What I did. Deep breaths now. Here we are. Stuff like that. Maybe a neighborhood. Lightly. Closer, Queenie. Let all mirrors show you through. It is wider. Much better to breathe with, my dear. New York youth. Please, my Queen. Mirror knows what is coming. Deeply, my Queen. Look past your ready into the future. What she is. Your turn. I don't get a chance at this. And very soon, I'll have a location. Doctor, can't you just shoot me? But I don't have insurance. I see. The bullet, of course. I don't have enough money for a baby. I told him he should have thought of that when we were in bed. What I told her. Jess will be fine at college. I still cold every day. Sometime put some downstream machine. At 25 years, they threw us a winning anniversary. They tried to bring them the counseling years ago, and they refused. They're just wondering if they'll come. Well, they've really done it this time.