Hi and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. Question size, which of the following experiments have equally likely outcomes? Explain. Third part is, a trial is made to answer true-false question. The answer is right or wrong. First of all, let us understand that a given number of events are said to be equally likely if none of them is expected to occur in preference to the others. Or we can say events in an experiment having same probability are said to be equally likely events. This is the key idea to solve the given question. Let us now start with the solution. Now in the experiment, a trial is made to answer a true-false question. The answer is right or wrong. We know there are total two outcomes. In the answer, they are right or wrong. So we can write, total number of possible outcomes is equal to 2. Now two outcomes of the experiment are right or wrong. We know answer can be right or it can be wrong. So we can write, two outcomes are right or wrong. Now we know none of the events right or wrong is more likely to occur. So we can write, none of the events is more likely to occur. From key idea we know a given number of events are said to be equally likely if none of them is expected to occur in preference to the others. Here none of the event is expected to occur in preference to the other. So we can write, each outcome is as likely to occur as the other. The outcomes right or wrong are equally likely. So our required answer is the given experiment have equally likely outcomes. This completes the session. Hope you understood the solution. Take care and have a nice day.


فشرف بالشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يدى بدلى وياله من شراف عظيم الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل واشدوا الله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل واشدوا أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسام إلى يوم الدين أما بعد نحن في نهاية صورة عبسة الله سبحانه وتعالى يقول وجوه يومئذ مصفرة وضاحكة مستبشرة الله سبحانه وتعالى يقول وجوه يومئذ مصفرة will be bright a group of people's faces that day will be bright they are laughing laughing and they are going to be rejoicing at the good news that will be given to them the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah he told us that the people whose faces will be bright in the day of judgement whose faces will glow and the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah in two different narrations he told us who it is the first group of people whose faces glow and their faces are bright are the people of wubu the people who do wubu they do the ablution their faces will glow from the wubu in which they did as the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah he said إن أمتي يدعونا يوم القيامة my people will be called the day of judgement غورا محجلين من أثاري الوبو they will be glowing from the places which they play the places of their bodies where they place the water on so they will be glowing from their hands and their arms and they will be glowing from their faces the places which they put the water on they will be glowing from it also the people whose faces are going to glow are those who are carrying the sunnah of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah who memorized its wording and are also carrying its meaning with them as the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah نضر اللهم رقم نضر اللهم رعن may Allah glow with the face of a person سميع مقالتي he hears my statement what I said he heard it فوعاها and then he holds it the word فوعاها is like a vessel if you pour water in a cup what does the cup do to the water he holds the water فوعاها and then what does he do فوعاها and then he conveys it as he heard it he passes that حديث that he heard and he conveys it as he has heard it and as it has come to him so the people who are carrying the sunnah of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah are going to be from those whose faces are going to glow the day of judgment رداريكة الامام الخطيب البغدادي he authored a book where he called it شرافو أصحاب الحديث the virtue and the honor of the people of حديث and one of the virtues that he mentioned for the people of حديث is what that their faces are going to glow the day of the day of judgment وجوه الامام the opposite are the people whose faces are going to be darkened and blackened are the people who go against the sunnah of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallamah عبدالله النعبس when he came to the ayah يوم التبيض وجوه وتسود وجوه the day when faces are going to glow and brighten and when there's the day of judgment where there's faces that are going to be darkened عبدالله الامام it said that the people whose faces are going to be brightened and glowing are the people who are holding on to the sunnah أهل السنة the people who are made themselves the people of the sunnah have related with the sunnah they live by the sunnah علمن وعملت in terms of knowledge and in terms of implementation their faces are going to glow and we just heard the hadith of the prophet نضر الله مرأاااااااااااااااااا عما قالتي فاوعاها فاأديها ثم أديها كما أسمع that the people of the sunnah's faces are going to glow عبدالله النعبس it said what has what do وجوه and a group of faces are going to be darkened and he said وجوه أهل البدا the faces of the people of innovation those who after the religion became complete and the religion became finished and all that was meant for you was to submit after the verse came down اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم today I have completed your religion for you اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي and I have completed my blessing onto you وراضيت لكم الإسلام الدينة and I have made Islam your religion where they should have followed and submitted and not added anything onto the religion they came and they added onto it ولي ذلك ابن مالي رحمه الله ودري سيد من يبتدع في الإسلام يبدع يراها حسنة زعم أنه محمد الخانف جسالة that anybody who comes and adds into the religion he puts something into the deal that's not from it he has claimed that the prophet has deceived the religion why would that come into place because the prophet ﷺ said in an authentic حديث narrated by الإمام الطبرانيو narrated in his معجم من حديث أبي ذر رضي الله وطعاله that the prophet ﷺ has set us there is no path or there is nothing مَا مِن شَيْئِنُ يُقَرِّبُكُمْ إِلَا الجَنَّةُ وَيُبَاعِدُكُمْ مِنَ الْنَّارِ that there is nothing that will bring you closer to heaven and that will distance you from the hellfire إِلَّا وَقَدْبُيِّنَ لَكُمْ except that it was clarified to you the prophet is saying there is not anything that will take you closer to heaven distance you and make you far from the hellfire except I clarified it to you so when you come centuries decades years after the prophet and then you say this is a good deed and we look we don't find it in the sunnah of the prophet then what are you saying here you're saying one of two either you're saying that the prophet was ignorant he didn't know this good that I have now come across or you're saying that the prophet knew it and he deliberately chose to deceive the ummah by hiding it and not telling the people about it it could only be one of the two then Imam Malik said a powerful statement he said what was not a religion that day when the ayah أكملت لكم دينكم came down what was not a religion that day is not going to turn out randomly to be a religion today what wasn't a religion the day of عرافة when this ayah came down and the prophet read it in يوم عرافة when whatever wasn't a religion that day will not be a religion today meaning it will not be something that will get you closer to who الله and it's not going to be something that's going to distance you from me hellfire so we have to know that if we want our faces to glow and if we want to be people who receive this virtue of being from those who Allah said about them then be a follower be a follower and do not be a innovator but if you look at the set if they used to say it is more beloved and it's more greater that you are a follower in evil you are a follower in good then a leader in evil you with me brothers it's better to be a follower to follow and to submit and to be a slave and let your master tell you what he likes and what he hates and you go alone and you're not going to know what Allah loves and what Allah hates and what pleases him except on the tongue of the messenger may Allah make us from those who's face glow the day of judgment that day faces are going to glow those people are going to rejoice they're going to be laughing they're going to be laughing and they're going to be rejoicing good news has come to them what is the news that has come to them the news that has come to them is that they are from the فريق الجنة they are the people of jannah and I subhanallah remember the day I passed my driver's license I got it the driver I passed he told me I knew I was going to pass the way I was driving but when he told me I became so happy those of you who have passed know but then what came to my mind is the day you get told you passed your test the day of judgment what is the news greater than that it hit me that moment so to be told that today you have passed your test you are now from the inhabitants of jannah you are the people of jannah this news will make you laugh it will make you rejoice yourself you've been saved from something that many are going to be destroyed in it this is the best news you can be given then Allah سبحانه وتعالى he tells us the group the second party of people he says what would you do when you are dead and another other faces you are dead on it on their faces there will be dust their faces means what dust will be on their faces how would there be dust on their faces meaning their facial color has changed the complexion has gone it's a different color now it looks dusty because of the fact that it's not the original complexion their faces now become a different color the shock has taken away from them the color of their skin they are baffled lost of words they've been informed now that they are from the people of the hellfire Allah then says ترحقواها قترة Blackness will cover them then Allah says who are those people those are the disbelievers and they are the wicked ones they are the disbelievers who've disbelieved in Allah they've been disbelieved in this meeting and that they're going to be standing in front of Allah and they're going to be questioned they were also disbelieved in the message that the Prophet ﷺ came with these are the people and the wicked Muslims who also went against Allah سبحانه و تعالى in the way that the Prophet ﷺ sent also they have a portion of this also they have a portion of this سورة التكوير الله سبحانه و تعالى he says بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم إذا الشمس كورت وإذا النجوم كدرت وإذا الجبال سورة وإذا العشار عطلت وإذا الوحوش حشرت وإذا البحار سجرت وإذا النفوس سوجت وإذا النفوس سوجت وإذا المؤود تسويلت بأي دن قتلت وإذا الصحف نشرت وإذا السماء كشطت وإذا الجحيم سعرت وإذا الجنة أزلفت علمت نفس ماء أحضرت فلا أقسم بالخنس الجوار الكنس والليل إذا عسعس والصبح إذا تنفس إنه لقول رسول كريم دي قوة عند العرش مكين مطاع ثم أمين وما صاحب كن بمجنون ولقد راه بالأفق المبين وما هو على الغيب بضنين وما هو بقول شيطان الرجيم فأين تذهبون هو إلا بكر للعاق إن شاء واستقي وما تشاء لا يا شاء الله رب العاق صورة التكوير the overthrowing the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said in a hadith ألمان الترميدي narrated in the sunan then the prophet said من سره أن ينظر إلى يوم القيامة anyone who wants to look at the day of judgment كأنه رأي عين anyone who wants to see the day of judgment is like he's looking at the day of judgment is like he's visualizing the day of judgment is like the day of judgment has been placed in front of him فليقر he should read إلا الشمسو قويرة وإلا السماء فطرت وإلا السماء شقد read those resources if you want to see the day of judgment and the matters related to the day of judgment and the affairs of the day of judgment and the people of the day of judgment and the situations that are going to take place of the day of judgment the prophet said let that person read إلا الشمسو قويرة and let them also read إلا السماء فطرت and let them also read إلا السماء شقد these three sources what they give you is a very powerful insight pertaining to what the day of judgment أبيل كعب رضي الله تعالى عنه أبيل كعب رضي الله تعالى عنه he said regarding this surah أن الآيات ستة الأولى the six first verses this surah the first six verses it talks about and it deals في آخر الزمان before the hour strikes and the day of judgment comes matters pertaining to the sign of the occurrence of the hour the alamat and the signs of the hour the first six verses that we're going to take now in this surah سورة التكوير is pertaining to what it is talking about it's going to deal with في آخر الزمان before the hour strikes the alamat and the signs that occur when ناس يونبورون إليها and the people are going to be looking at these signs they're going to see it وست الأخيرة and the six that are after it are going to be about في يوم القيامة it's going to be talking about the day of judgment itself and the things that are going to be happening the day of the day of judgment الله سبحانه وتعالى he says the first verse الله سبحانه وتعالى he says but when the sun is wrapped up the مفصيرين the people of تفسير they differed and they have their difference of opinion regarding what is meant by التكوير كويرت that's been used in this verse what does it actually mean there are three views there are three views regarding it the first view is إذا الشمسو كويرت means إذا الشمسو when the sun the habit it goes when the sun goes it fully goes there's no longer a sun anymore this view is attributed to عبدالله ابن عباس and it is also attributed to بحاك and it's also attributed to مجاهي ديبلو جبري and also سعيدي بلو جبري they said when the sun goes عبدالله ابن عباس ضحاكي بلو وزاحن مجاهي ديبلو جبري سعيدي بلو جبري these four they said it means the sun would go fully the second view is ذهبا بو أوها the light and the shining of the sun will go the sun will be there but it will no longer be bright anymore it will lose the heat that it produces and the rain that comes out of it this view is attributed to عبدالله ابن عباس ابن دعامة السدوسي عبدالله عباس also said this view those three imams they said it the third one is when the sun is thrown when the sun is thrown when the sun is thrown and it's moved from its position and it's thrown away this view is attributed to عبدالله ابن خثيم and عبدالله ابن خثيم is the name that we probably not come across now عبدالله ابن خثيم is the man who عبدالله ابن مسعود said to him لو رأىك أصحاب رسولي الله اما لو رأىك رسول الله if the message of Allah was to see you he would have been fascinated with you but he would have loved you عبدالله ابن مسعود said to عبدالله ابن مسعود said to عبدالله ابن خثيم that if the prophet of Allah was to see you he would have loved you and whenever عبدالله ابن مسعود would see عبدالله ابن خثيم he would recite the ayah ومشير المخبطين give glad tidings to those who are humble he used to say عبدالله ابن خثيم is from those he would recite that verse and he would read it referring to him he said the third view that I mentioned but each view does not contradict the other they do not contradict it because the sun will go from its place and once it does go there brightness will be gone and if it's been moved from its place then it's been thrown so all of those meanings are in the word إِدَ شَمْسُكُ وِرَتْ so these meanings necessitate one another and they are all in line with what the verse is trying to portray الله they says وَإِذَنْ مُضُومُ كَدَرَتْ when the stars were full they d robots وَإِذَنْ مُضُومُ كت عَدْرَتْ the words in qu'tar they gave 2 meanings the first one they said تَنًا عَثَرَتْ means its cat is in disperses the stars well disperses you know when a woman's necklace is out of and it rips open تصميمه. وعن هذه المنطقة تصميمه عبد الله من عباس ربي الله تعالى عنه هذه المنطقة تصميمه. لكن هذه الآية الأعلى بينها تصميمها بين هذه الآية الآية الآية again there's no contradiction. ومن المولود والمولود يحتاجون على أحد أحد. وإنهم يذهبون بسرعة. لأن الله سبحانه وتعالى في القرآن. فإسورة الإنفطار الله يقول وإذا الكواكب تتكارت when the stars disperse. و الله سبحانه وتعالى also says فإذا النجوم طمست. طمست أي تغيرت the light of it goes. So both of them are present in the Quran. And the language it holds both meanings in Kadarat. Both of those meanings are in the Arabic language. They use it أي تغيرت أو تناثرت. They use the one in Kadarat for it. وإذا النجوم when the stars in Kadarat it falls and disperses. وإذا الجبال and when the mountains are removed. الله سبحانه وتعالى is going to be doing all of this and the creation are going to see it happen. The stars in the sky what's going to happen is going to what? They're going to disperse and stars are going to fall from the sky. The mountain that you see that are pegged on this earth right now are also going to be taken from the earth. And guess what's going to happen? The mountains are going to be crushed. And when the mountains get crushed they lose its weight and heaviness that the mountain had. So the mountain becomes like the cloud. That's what Allah means. وإذا الجبال سورية. The mountain will be flying over the people like clouds. These big mountains that no one can see to push now. And in countries like Saudi Arabia and other countries which have many mountains when they want to build areas or cities and there's a mountain it takes them years to get rid of that mountain or to destroy part of the mountain. It takes them years. That mountain will be taken off the earth and it will be crushed. And once it gets crushed it will become very light and then it will be flying into the sky. That's why Allah said in another ayah سورية الجبال فكانت سرابا. It will be the moving of the mountains. Then Allah سبحانه وتعالى He says وإذا العشار وطلة وإذا العشار وwhen the full term she comes are neglected. The word العشار comes from the word the word العشار. And العشار means the she camel when it is upon its ninth month of pregnancy. And the Arabs when the she camel is nine, sorry, the tenth month, when the she camel is pregnant at its tenth month the Arabs they don't neglect it. Because right now the time is close. They are consistently observing it. They make sure they protect it from any other she camel coming into contact with it or anything being done to it. They take extra care about it. But that day the she camel that's ten months no one will be giving it any consideration. It will be neglected and it will be forgotten. Why would it be forgotten? The reason is because That day the positioning and the reality has made everyone forget what's around them. That she camel that the Arabs will give that importance to will become something neglected. No one will give it consideration. Why? Because the stars have fallen. The mountains that were on the earth that were stuck on the earth are no longer on the earth anymore. People are shocked. Well, in that case the jinns will also come out. And the animals and everything, everyone is shocked. And the jinns will say that day we will go towards the sea to see what's happening. We need to find out what's taking place. The jinns will say that. Allah then says And when the wild beasts are gathered some of the مفصلين they said And when the wild beasts They said that the word It means Some of the مفصلين Like That That the wild beasts will be mixed with the humans and the jinns.  They are shocked what's happening. They will be together They will be mixed with one another. The lions and the animals that we will run away from We are not going to run away from them that day. People will not run away from a lion. And the lion will not even think about eating the people. Because of what? Because of the The day and the situation pertaining to it Is something that has taken the minds of everyone. Animals and humans. That's one call that mentions وإذا الهوشر اختلطت بسانة الصحيح The second view is A view attributed to ابن عباس Which is That It means Death occurs وإذا الهوشر That view is attributed to ابن عباس as I said And the third view is اشيبوتي to قتادة ابن دعامة And it means وإذا الهوشر اي جمعة that the people are brought together عذاد ابن جنير الطبري He strengthened the opinion of قتادة And he added on with The call of ابن عباس. He said these two are strong. ابن جنير الطبري He strengthened the opinion held by ابن عباس and ابن عباس They have a view And the view of قتادة he strengthened that And he dismissed the view of رضي الله تعالى عنه so he dismissed it But all of those views Don't contradict one another He can't take those views That when people are gathered they are what? They're mixed So the word الجمع does not dismiss The meaning of اختلاق And this makes the meaning more powerful When we think about That the wild beasts, the animals Are going to be gathered In front of us And so in front of Allah سبحانه وتعالى And no one is scared of the other And no one is looking at the other Then Allah says And when the sea Is filled With flame The مفاصرين they differ in regards To what is meant by سجرات There are two quotes what is meant by سجرات The first view is It means سجرات means اشعرات وقيدات That view is attributed to Six of the great امه such as اوبيبن كعبن عبدالله بن عباس وشبر وصفيان الثوري وعليبنا بيطالبن راذا عليبنا بيطالب He said to a Jewish man عليبنا بيطالبن He said to a Jew man اين جهنم where is جهنم And the Jew man said في البحري in the sea And then عليبنا بيطالبن And he said ما اراه امه ما اراه I don't see him That إلا صديقا لاكساب تستمي the truth This Jew man I don't see his statement except the truth Why? Because Allah said in the Quran والبحر المسجور وقال تعالى الله also said وإذا البحار سجرات So what do you see that this The ocean is going to be what? It's going to be flame It's going to be flame on it The second قول is That the ocean will overflow It will overflow And it will increase in number And it will overflow That view is attributed to الربيع القثيم الرحمة الله و تعالى He says a mulliat It becomes There's two extra views that are mentioned The third one is فجرات That is Sprouts And that view is attributed to الضحاك He took it from Surat Al-Infitar When Allah says وإذا البحار فجرات The fourth one is When the water goes The ocean has no water anymore This is attributed to And All of those It carries The first one is When something becomes very full You use the word سجر When something is full So the ocean becomes full And then It becomes It becomes dry After the burning After the flames go It's no longer there anymore The water will what? Condensation The water will go fully And it will be dry All of those three meanings are The levels in which the water goes through This is the stage So the water is going to flood It's going to overflow So all of the water is going to become one They're all going to mix together Once it over floods And they all mix together Then it will burn Once it burns The flame will go And there's no longer no water anymore So there's no خلاف Because this in the Arabic language It's called The wording carries those meanings It shares all of those meanings in the language And if you really observe The usage of this It shows you that The إعجاز of the Qur'an And the miracle of the Qur'an Allah just showed one word that carries The مراحل that the water would go through Not having to say so much things Just took one word And first explained that it goes this stage Of this stage All of them is in the meaning of this word This is the miracle and the power in the Qur'an


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE, covering Dell Technologies World 2018. Brought to you by Dell EMC and its ecosystem partners. Welcome back to Vegas, everybody. We're rocking, we are rocking Dave Vellante here with Keith Townsend. This is theCUBE, the leader. Get into it. Come on, let's check the coverage. We in the club, we are in the club. The chads are here, Chad Dunn, Chad Sackage. Chad Dunn is the CEO of Product Management and Marketing at Dell EMC, and Chad Sackage needs no introduction, although, new role with Pivotal. Awesome. It's exciting, man. It's great to be back.  It's always good to be on theCUBE. So tell us about the new role. Let's start there. I know you've talked a lot about it, but you haven't with me, so. Yeah, so, in a nutshell, as I was trying to think, what do I do next in my career? You know, we had built amazing things in the Converged Platform and Solutions Division, VxRail, Massive Success. Those things moving into the parts of Dell EMC for more scale and velocity, which is simple. Like, if you imagine the future of tomorrow, you'd go and say, what percentage of infrastructure is going to be hyper-converged? Answer, a lot. And it's going to need to have a velocity that's very similar to a server, because what percentage of servers are going to be HCI? Answer, a lot. And so it was a very natural kind of time to go and say, how do we optimize this thing? And then that gave me a weird, unique, once-in-a-lifetime moment where I could go and say, what do I want to do? I could, my wife said, I'm telling you a long answer and you probably want the short one. My wife said- You don't know any other kinds. Yeah, this is past deals. Chad, you've been on the road for 13 years. Your children are now 12 and 14. They're going to be here in the nest for like another four years.  I'll go out to work. You be a stay-at-home dad. That was actually like option A. Option B was there's so much cool stuff going on in the ecosystem. Join a startup, do a CEO gig, whatever. And then stay in the family and ton of support from Michael and from Jeff Clark and from Pat Gelsinger and Rob Me. And there was like, do this at Dell EMC, do this at VMware, do this at Pivotal. And what I realized was the Pivotal thing gave me the opportunity to do the startup like thing, discover some new parts of my own career. So move up the stack and do one thing that I've always done, which is be at the intersection of the companies. Because PKS is fundamentally an effort that is 50-50, VMware and Pivotal. Just like VxRail is a 50-50 VMware Dell EMC effort. So it was the obvious choice. And then I had to have that uncomfortable discussion with my wife that said, unfortunately, sweetheart, back on the road, she said, fine, but at least take one month off before you go from one thing to the other. We went to Hawaii, surfed, it was awesome. You bring the kids? Oh yeah, beautiful, it was awesome. But in any case, in the same way that when we started VxRail, we were like, how do we go from a market where we're currently not the leader and quickly accelerate, become number one in a two-year period? And that requires running fast and iterating. The same thing goes with PKS. PCF and PAS is number one for that universe, but we're not currently number one for the enterprise container distribution. So that's okay, I like that. Now I'm determined and stubborn to make sure that PKS is the best enterprise Kubernetes and container platform. And Chat D, you were talking off camera about the interest in VxRail. Sounds like it's off the charts. Absolutely, I mean, ridiculous number of customer meetings that we have here at the show this week. I think it's over 200 customer meetings just on VxRail and VxRack SDDC, the VMware-aligned hyperconverged stack. And more and more on Pivotal PCF and PKS. Yeah, so let's talk about that. You got the guys that are sort of born cloud native and the guys that are trying to transform. They need infrastructure to help them do both. They need partnerships, so lay it out for us. So Keith, you and I have gone on Twitter and talked about this. There's this nature amongst the IT ecosystem where everybody wants the answer to be A or B. Yes, we do. Right, A or B? Yes. Which bucket? This is the show. He sucks, he is awesome.   You remember that? I remember that. It seems like just yesterday. Because it was just yesterday. But what's happened now is everyone's realized that's stupid, that the reality is that VMs, kernel-mode VMs and containers are going to coexist. And in fact, the majority of containers are actually going to be deployed on kernel-mode hypervisor. Netflix's biggest story is optimizations from AWS. They're able to save tons of money by running containers inside of VMs. Yeah, absolutely. You know, I was laughed at a couple of years ago when I said, you know what? Containers and VMs go together like peanut butter and jelly, it does. It does. And so, look, does it change what people want from the kernel-mode virtualization layer? Yeah. So, you know, things like DRS that are really important if all you do is a kernel-mode VM is less important when resource management is done by something like Kubernetes. But that's a refinement.  And now people are getting down to the brass tacks of how do I make this go? They're realizing I'm going to use off-prem and on-prem. I'm going to have kernel-mode VMs and I'm going to have containers. How do I make that work? How do I build a hybrid model that will work for both of those scenarios? And then, frankly, our job as IT practitioners and the vendor ecosystem is to make it as easy as we can. Well, you guys know this better than I do. People want to use existing processes and procedures. They don't want to throw that stuff out. I mean, I remember big data in Hadoop that the killer application was SQL, right? I mean, even in the blockchain world now, everybody's talking about writing in JavaScript, right? You got expertise built up. You also throw that away. No, and look, I think when you look at the people who are trying to deploy containers on-premises, they don't want to worry about the infrastructure, right? They want to look at the new, play with the new cool things. They want to play with Kubernetes. They want to play with containers of service. They don't want to talk about, okay, well, what infrastructure do I need? How do I make those choices? They want something that is very much automated and very much scale out so it can react the same way that their application does. So let's talk about that. Let's talk about VxRail, Kubernetes, PKS. If I'm a cloud native guy, I don't care about infrastructure. But there has to be infrastructure. So where's the meeting of that conversation? Dell Technologies runs best on Dell Technologies. So in, again, I'm going to try to force myself to give short answers. So not natural for me. I'm sorry, fellas. When Pivotal engages with a customer, we go and we say, we give you a platform, PAS, PKS, and the function service, and they say, what should I run it on? And the first answer that comes out of someone's mouth is, it doesn't matter. You can run it on any cloud you want. Which is true on one level. But then if you look at our on-premises projects, the thing that's the biggest holdup is infrastructure that is too rigid, too slow, doesn't work right, is busted, and they're like, damn it, if I want to focus my energies elsewhere, I have to have a base stack that is just easy and done, right? So help break up the long chat answers.  Where does that break? It breaks immediately when someone says, I need to add more total compute or storage or network or memory to my Kubernetes pod. Kubernetes goes, great, I'd like to basically make the cluster bigger because I've got this resource demand. Then it looks down and says, infrastructure, are you there? And if the answer is no, it's like womp, womp, right? So look, what we've managed to do is we've managed with VxRail to go and say we've made an easy button based off of the customer standard, which is the VMware stack. It's not only something they can count on, they can easily add it. So if they want to add raw compute storage or network, it also adds in small increments so you don't have to have a giant block of infrastructure to go in, so you can grow your Kubernetes cluster, you can grow your physical infrastructure. Simple, easy, done. And the biggest part is that Kubernetes makes deploying containers easy. However, PKS makes deploying and versioning Kubernetes easy. VxRail makes deploying and versioning the vSphere stack easy. Easy plus easy plus easy equals easy. So it's like a quasi elastic beanstalk here? Plastic beanstalk, okay. Is that fair or maybe a plastic beanstalk? You can hold its shape. Elastic beanstalk is a pass, right? But the long and short of it is that if you get the abstraction that you need, kernel mode VM or container, the container is in a VM, if the whole stack is prescriptive and easy and works, then you can redeploy time, money, and resources on the things that matter. And that pivotal ready architecture, which is PCF on VxRail is that easy button on-prem. So Chad, the production staff may regret me asking this question. But I have to know this. You're known in the industry for these blog posts talking about face melting technology. What is face melting about PKS and VxRail? Give me some classic Chad. I'll give you face melting. Face melting to someone who's looking at a container platform and you're looking at Kubernetes, is that without them knowing, without them knowing or doing anything, the Bosch part of what PKS does is basically doing updates like four times a day, blowing up the entire environment and recreating it, and no one has touched a damn thing. Step one, the next thing that's face melting is that their ability to update the infrastructure can be done at tens of thousands of sites via API calls. So like I'll give you another fascinating example, Kubernetes is generally thought of as mostly a data center thing. We've had fascinating interest from retail and other use cases where they're like, look, I get it, I want a Kubernetes that I could deploy in a store. And then you go and say, well, do you have a great DevOps practice in the store in Topeka, Kansas? The answer is no. But if I say I can basically drive all of the platform updates, including the infrastructure at thousands of stores around the globe, that's pretty face melting. No one else can do that. Exactly, and look, we see lots of pockets of cloud native popping up in accounts and a lot of times IT doesn't even know where they're at. These are things that are going to go from a line of business, all of a sudden become production, have to become production and IT needs a way to manage that. Rail gives them a way to go in and manage that infrastructure at a scalable way and move it from a line of business into production. I'll give you another face melting. Do you mind? I'm not calling the shots. Is your face okay? Yeah, my face is getting there. I want to see it like melt at me and just melt it. People have asked me, is that a good thing? And yeah, it's a great thing. So we're talking about a particular customer. I don't know if we can name them. Can we name them? I don't think we could, I haven't asked. Okay, so we'll leave them in there. Financial services. Financial services. And basically they use the PCF stack on VxRail and they're currently using it for pre-prod. Exactly, so they're building all the testing applications to test their classic applications that are running on VxBlock. So they've got a production environment that's like big classic VxBlock, also my former baby. And so, and I love all my children equally, right? What they are finding is that the simplicity of the PCF on the VxRail model is so wonderful and fast and great. But when they want to try to do a capacity add on a VxBlock or to do an update like an RCM, it's a lot harder here than it is over here, right? I guarantee at that customer what they're eventually going to discover is this has been awesome. We're going to keep using VxBlock for something else but we're not going to deploy PCF, Paz, and PKS on a VxBlock. Exactly, and this is going to trigger refactoring of all those workloads to say, can I refactor these to be cloud native, right? If I can iterate my testing that quickly, can I iterate my production applications that quickly? And the ROI on that refactoring is blank. Like, no, no, it is like a thousand to one. So again, this is a very hard thing to imagine. Talk about business impact. So I'll give you, I'll give you. Not financial, but. I'll give you one example that I'm so happy that they actually posted this to YouTube because the customer's voice in this is incredible. If you YouTube from zero to 12 million, T-Mobile, okay? So this is not me saying it. You can go and you can see it themselves.  I use T-Mobile, so in any case. They have a single giant Java app that has a thousand functions in it, right? So just imagine one app sitting on a app server, like WebSphere or whatever, and inside that app, there's a thousand API calls, functions and purposes, right? And because it's so big and monolithic, but this is critical. This is the thing that like runs their ordering systems and like subscriber functions. Like it's the heart of the business that any time that they needed to update it to do like a patch would take seven months. If they wanted to scale it, so like the iPhone launch is coming up, we need to get like three times as much capacity to handle all these iPhone orders. In September, it would take them seven months of planning, work, et cetera, et cetera. Everyone goes like, I can visualize that, right? They took one function, just one and pulled it out and they said, we're gonna do a project, we're gonna take this function called get usage, which as you can imagine basically pulls up the subscriber's usage data and we're gonna make it into a small microservice and we're gonna run it on a pass, okay? Within five months, that function was getting used 12 million times a day and they were able to do three CVE updates. So in other words, a critical vulnerability patch comes out, they were able to do it in real time. They have eight platform operators, just eight that are supporting 5,000 developers, sorry, 500 developers, eight, 500. Now, if you look at that and go, what does it mean for them? Well, they reduced the number of outages by almost 90%. The time for an outage went down by 63%. The developers and the DevOps team are now happy because this thing auto-scales itself. Ching-ching. Ching-ching-ching, right? All right, dudes, we gotta go. Chad Squared, thank you so much for coming on, you guys. You okay? I'm good.   I have water.  Really, always great seeing you guys, thanks so much. Thanks, David, it's always gonna be up to you. Thanks very much. All right, keep right there, buddy. We'll be back to wrap right after this short break.


So, yesterday, we didn't do a lot of ghost hunting. I mean, the BTs in Death Stranding weren't showing up yesterday, but we have taken on a mission specifically now that requires us to go through BT territory. And I'm not ashamed to say that those guys kind of really freaked me out. So, let me just do some housekeeping, make sure the stream is running well. I've already accepted the mission. So, we just gotta head towards that part of town and pick up a toolbox. Easy peasy, shouldn't be any problems except when it does become a problem. Now, personally, I was enjoying just running around picking up stuff, but at a certain point, oh, my battery's running low too. My battery for the, well, already I can switch to my support skeleton. Parang the support skeleton used to drain less power? I mean, I just don't want to have to worry about battery when I'm going up against the BTs too. Definitely that cargo can wait about this cargo. Yep, that cargo can wait too. Oop, oh, there's a memory chip. I like being completionist about things, so probably gonna go get that later. Oop, how hard can it be? Ay, come on, man, already. Literally, we just nice and quiet. No, we do have a ladder. Where's my ladder? What's up, Moniker? I know the, oh, I know the feeling. Parang, everything, Parang, you just want to, oop. Ay, Potec, ay, Potec, okay, relax. Am I gonna be confrontational up front and then just start whacking these guys? Fine, let's try to. I'm actually not very good at the stealth in this game. Ah, okay, time for some whacking. Are you following me? So, to be honest, the BTs really freak me out and then when they do their whole stranding beach thing, that's also alarming.  And I like how they position themselves like right when you think you're in the clear, suddenly they're at the foot of a bridge or something. Oh, but we seem to be so far so good. Got a lot of metal here, ha? And basically it's like, you came all this way, you might as well get something for your troubles. But can I make it back? I wanted to put the... Do I still have a ladder? May ladder pa ba ako? Damn, the one time I only bring one ladder. Oh oh, I don't have a ladder. I wanted to put a climbing anchor dun sa... dun sa... other portion. But, alright, got it. Okay, I'm gonna repair. Repair, yeah. Can I make it back up? Where, where, what? Where, where? I don't know, I don't think we can make it back up that ladder. We'll find out. Nice and slow. Okay, there were like a couple on the right. Too far, too far? Wack him already. There's one. Moving, too. Oh, trying to be cute. Got a lot more where that came from, buddy.  I don't know, I don't know if I can make it up the ladder.  Okay, okay. Good job, ladder. Alright, discretion. It's a better part of valor, but the... dismantle, yep, dismantle ladder. Okay, okay. Stand down, stand down. Just want that memory chip. I mean, no need to go nuts, but I think we can spare the memory chip. But yun nga, the BTs always make it a habit of... ah, si, bastard. We need the grenade. Blast him, blast him. There we go, more grenades. May sapa? Come on, man. I can never scan enough because I'm always paranoid. Ah, there's one there. Meron pa. I think this is the most number of BTs I've taken out. All for one piece. Malayo pa ba? Alright, let's...  Let's call it a day.  Man, I literally just got that. Okay, let's go back home. Alright. Good run. Just gotta make it back to... and now I'm like, oh, let's pick up everything we see on the road. Stop, iCruz. Ah, I know, I thought it was another... what's it called again? Kojima? Kojima game. It's actually on my steam list for a long time na. I just haven't gotten around to getting it. I'm always hoping Epic Games will... Epic Games will... do a freebie on it. Oh, da medyamuro na na siya sa steam eh. Usually, pag may steam sale medyamuro na siya. Whoop. How big is this cargo? Like, very big. Should we optimize the cargo we have? Auto-arranged car, yeah. And like, we can get rid of that actually. Pick it up. No, can't pick up. Too much? Okay, we'll come back for you. Don't you worry. I hear you, Alan. Sashay isan tayo sa animation. Pag sobrang bigat na yung... sobrang bigat tanudalam mo. Parang... Ramdam na ramdam mo na yung character mo na... pagod na pagod na. But we're about to make it... back to the guy. And not bad. Like, sila have our boots, battery not so bad. All right. Should be in the clear. All right. We didn't... and we didn't trigger a BT, beaching, massacre, scary stuff. Ah, kaya ba na 2060? I think so.  Might need to dial down some settings, but... should be... kaya naman dapat. All right. Give you back your stuff. I actually had a motorcycle, already in the last... in the last segment, pero... parang stage 2 to, so no motorcycle... at the moment. It wasn't so bad actually.  Scared the heck out of me. Really freaky.  You got his old tools and suddenly he's kumbaya. Oh, but now he's on board. All right. That's what... that's ultimately what we wanted from you. I was talking about it yesterday in the previous stream na... a lot of reviewers, a lot of gamers kind of got turned off na yung main gameplay nito. It's basically just running around, being a grab delivery guy, but I'm enjoying the open world slash delivering stuff. Oh, bola gun. Anin. What's the plan? Parang shotgun? What's this? Wires with strands spun from your blood and it might even work on BTs. Hmm. Go ahead. Give it a whirl. All right. New order available. Please access delivery. Let's get that... let's get that thing for the engineer. Yeah, heck, a lot of trouble. I should get home. I mean, I should get home and rest up, but let's see if we can do a couple more runs. Yeah, we gotta go to the engineer anyway. Oh, let's take both of them. Okay. Yeah, we'll hit the engineer and then we'll go to Lake Not City. Sounds good. Sup, Mark Lester? Here we are again with... with Death Stranding Grab Simulator. Okay, I think I gotta switch to the power skeleton again. And I was talking with another YouTube member. And he was telling me na basically the power skeleton is good for carrying cargo but then everything else, the... Yeah, because you can't carry those in your legs anymore. Yes, sir. Is that the engineer? That's the engineer. Where was the other behind us? Okay. Yeah. There's like an XL load here. Yeah, see, with the previous... there, there. The previous support skeleton parang you can carry less weight but you can put stuff around your legs. Ha! I had to notice this new graphic though. Parang it looks funny. The power skeleton.  It looks a bit odd. I need the stamina... the energy thingy. There you go. What's up, new master? Yes, this is the director Scott. So I got the base game free from Epic Games and then I paid like 280 ata yun for the... I come, I can't pick this thing up. Can I only pick up one XL? Why can't I pick you up? I already have one XL. The metal. Okay. Is there a... Is there a... what's this? Generator? Post box? Bridge? I have metal which I want to put at the auto paver but then I'll have to come back. Fine, fine. Place marker. Place marker please. Oh. So then I'll come back to you. Okay, then I'll come back to you. Right, okay. Justin, I was like, yeah, yeah, I enjoy the... running around. Where is the... where's my custom marker? Yeah, A. Yeah, where is it? Ah, there, there, okay. I was like, yeah, yeah, I enjoy the running around it and now I got to do some serious running around. Okay, I'm going to deliver the metal to the auto paver just so we can get some roads in this benighted. Saap, John Ruben Otsha. I'll just talk about you. Your advice that the power skeleton can carry more weight but then basically everything else it's better the the initial support skeleton. Although I have shifted to the power skeleton now but I don't really need it. It's more like I can't carry two XL loads at the same time. So... I gotta... I gotta... I have to deposit the first XL load that I'm carrying. Oh, it's so far. Oh, crikey. So I got a bunch of metal. Oh, oh, oh. Easy there. Okay, okay, slow down. Yeah, and the power skeleton seems to go through battery a lot quicker. Oh, there's another auto paver here. Why don't I just do that auto paver? There you go.  Ohp, ohp, ohp, ohp, ohp, except that there's that. But fortunately somebody put a bridge Is that another paver? What's that? Generator. Can you step too? Thank you, somebody. Oh, I don't know. Roll. Okay. Take it easy, Sam. Get on the ladder. Footwear almost ruined. Oh. Okay, let's deposit some metal in here. Man, it's already been revealed. Oh, is this the road that That's the That's the road we're looking at. Okay. Where is it? Man, okay. This is a long way. Deposit some metal. Okay, but that's the Okay. Where are my marker? Okay. Legit, man. Legit. Okay. I thought I could make it to the generator. Okay, okay. Slowly, slowly, slowly. No rush, no rush. Boop, boop, boop. Build this road. Materials required to upgrade. Basically, it can take everything. And we need to give 315 chiral crystals. Okay. Give mo na, give. And 315 Can you type it? Can you, can you Ah, there. Oh. Here, I was like doing it mentally, but okay, fine. Yeah, then that should finish it. Akulang panong ceramic? Tama ba? Akulang panong metals and Akulang panong ceramics. All right. First, let's No, I'm not really a big fan of using controllers for PC games. Also, kasi to be honest, I am very bad at controllers in general. Like, I haven't gotten used to I haven't gotten used to Okay, now I gotta go back to B. Okay. This is the game. Oh, may ceramics. Okay. Yeah, to be honest, I'm bad at new controllers. I mean, like Siguro the last controller I was comfortable with was like the N64. Just Medyo matagal na. Let's switch to the support skeleton. It really does seem to seems to use battery a lot less. And we don't need the added weight potential of the power skeleton at this point. I don't have a bike yet for this stage. According to Mark Lester, it's like at the end, some distribution center. So we're not we're not there yet. Level three, nothing but barren wasteland and timefall to boot. I'll be collecting these resin things. Well, let's get the main target first. We'll see what we can know. Nasanay lang. Spend too much time playing N64. And parang it was comfortable. Like the grip, you know, the way it would kind of you could grip it. I mean, it made allowances for that kind of grip. Okay. 250 meters out. Running out of battery. Like yesterday, like yesterday, I need to end the stream in like five minutes because it has to go down under Feb 3. Just so the sponsor knows na timefall. So that's the sponsor knows so that tomorrow I can I mean for Feb 3, I can so this is Feb 2 stream and then I can do another thing for Feb 3. Because if I go over um then they'll think it's Feb 3. It is the whole thing. Oh, whoa. Okay. Let's home in on the running out of stamina too. Time for another energy drink.  All right. All right. Almost there. All right. There's that big guy. Uh, whoa. Okay. Oh, do we need, ano? Whoa, whoa. Have a drink, buddy. It's like running out of gas there. Okay. All right. Thanks so much for joining the stream, guys.  Yeah, I know about the generators, but parang I'm cheap. I don't want to waste a PCC, but I mean, I do carry one as backup for situations like that. Um, yeah. All right. Thanks so much for watching. See you tomorrow.


We can always come back. You mentioned the pitching with how good Jay Hap has been. It was almost a little surprising to see him struggle a little bit tonight. Yeah.     Is there a sense that in this series that if you keep getting cracks at their bullpen that that's going to bode well for you? Yeah. I mean, they got good pitching. They got good starters.    And, you know, we feel confident, honestly, whoever's on the mound. He's just let it go outside. You guys end up with one run. You think that's where the game's lost? No, not at all.  But, you know, we didn't get the job done. It happens. But, you know what? We're going to have an opportunity with it.


Hey guys, welcome back to my channel. So today I've got some great cleaning motivation for you. I have been recently experimenting with making bread, sourdough bread. And so it's just honestly a project and kind of like an art to learn. So a lot of other things have been put by the wayside and my house just needed to be cleaned and obviously cleaning up my mixer and things like that from my baking. If you're new here, my name is Adeline.  I put up three videos a week and I do a lot of DIYs and recipes and just whatever I'm up to is what I like to post. I've also started doing giveaways of some of my favorite cleaning products and last month I gave away my mop and Genevieve, I believe I'm saying her name right, was our winner. So she's going to be receiving the mop in the mail and then I've got something coming up in the next video or two. So stay tuned for that giveaway. So even though I haven't been totally successful in baking my sourdough bread, it's still so rewarding to learn something new and especially with all of this time that we've had at home in the last few weeks and almost two months. It's been really great to learn new things and it's kind of given me a step back a little bit from social media, just getting into more deeper home-making things like making bread. What have you guys been up to? Is there something new that you've learned while you've been home or something new that you've taught yourself? Let me know in the comment. So you all know that I use a lot of Norwex products to clean and this blue cloth I talked about at the last time, it is a scrubber cloth and it works so well to scrub out your pots and pans and of course you don't have to keep repurchasing scrubbies and you can wash it so it's way more sanitary and it has so many uses just for scrubbing things up. This day I was listening to a audio book on Audible, it's called Five Habits of a Woman That Doesn't Quit. I've actually listened to this book a couple times and it's so good. So if you need a good recommendation of a motivating book, I highly, highly recommend this one. The dish trainer or colander, whatever you wanna use it for that is in my sink is from Ikea. I get this question so often so when I remember to answer it, it is from Ikea and I think it's like $4 but it's the handiest little kitchen tool. So if you guys saw, I was moving a bag of frozen chicken round that was thawing out, that is for the dinner idea that I'm gonna give you guys a little later in this video. I love quick and simple dinners and especially something that's kind of like a crowd pleaser so stay tuned for that and I'll let you know what I made this day. This is the mop that I gave away and I actually gave away the larger size. This is the smaller size and I love it because with Norwex, you're removing 99% of bacteria from surfaces including your floors when you're using their mop and as always, I leave a link in the description box for a video where I explain how that works and how it removes the bacteria and does a great job cleaning. So the reason this video is not posted on one of my normal days is because we have actually been having some interesting last few days. So you all know that I've talked about before that we have considered buying this house and we currently rent it right now but we really would like to buy it. So we actually had a meeting with our landlords discussing future plans of that and discussing some home projects that they would also like done to the house and if you are new around here, my husband is a contractor and I grew up with a dad as a contractor so I know how to do a lot of stuff myself. I know how to lay flooring and just those sorts of things and we're very DIY people. So you're gonna see in the next little while probably some different projects coming up that are kind of some bigger scale things maybe and just some stuff that's out of the usual things I do I guess but some exciting things. So stay tuned because there's gonna be more news on all of that and just some big changes I think coming into our lives. I had to hit pause on the massive laundry pile because I need to start getting some dinner around. We're gonna be making some super super simple chicken fajitas for dinner and this is something that I like to keep around actually Walmart sells these in this bag of a bag they are even more we've used out of it. They're just simple corn tortillas and we use them we do taco Tuesday and then of course for fajitas we can use them for the same thing. So I'm gonna cut up the onions and peppers get them sauteing. Obviously my chicken has been sewing out so we'll get that going and then I always like to toast these in a little bit of olive oil in the pan before we eat them. To wash up my produce I'm actually using my Norwex veggie cloth and you can use this for vegetables and fruit and it really just does a great job. I like that I don't have to run a sink full of water to soak my fruit or veggies every time. Obviously with berries it's a little bit different but when it comes to these types of vegetables that cloth is so awesome and a few years ago I did a garden and whenever I did that obviously your things are a lot dirtier whenever they come out of the garden so it's a super handy thing to have around especially when you have a garden. Okay, while my peppers and onions were frying up which I do have them on kind of a low heat I find that when the high heat is going on with these they just get burnt before they're actually soft and tender so I am going to finish frying them up and then I sliced up some chicken into like actual chicken strips. This is personally how I like to do fajitas. I like to fry the individual strips. I like them to have a little bit of brown on the outside. They just taste so good that way so I'm gonna put some olive oil across this and then I'm gonna mix in salt and pepper and cumin, chili powder and garlic powder and just kind of coat them really well before I pull this out and then I'll put the chicken in here and fry it all up together. I started to try to make my dinners a little bit more presentable and really pretty so I was using these trays. I also use these whenever I make tacos just to put all of our toppings in and it makes it kind of fun to eat that way. This was the next day. I did not film the finishing of the laundry pile but I thought, you know what, it's real life. We don't get everything filmed all the time so this is my youngest daughter's room and if you missed it, I will link below the video where I did this wall and I also did some things in the other room that my daughter's sleeping so you guys can definitely check that out. It was a really fun one to do and it's full of DIYs and a lot of great ideas if you want some inexpensive ways to do some decorating. So I went ahead and picked up toys. They do this on a daily basis but whenever I'm going through to clean in vacuum I generally just pick it up myself so that I can quickly zip through and get it all done fast. Then I also did this faux shiplap in that video as well. As you can see on the wall here, that is not real shiplap. It's definitely faux and in our last house I did it in so many rooms and it's a really easy process. It's a little tedious to make sure the lines are straight but it's pretty simple and definitely very, very cheap to do. I moved on to my daughter's bathroom and used my toilet bombs. I always try to remember to link the video that I made those in below and also if you check out my whale Instagram page I share with you my sprays and how I make those and don't forget to use the hashtag inspired by Addy if you were inspired today to get up and do something on your to-do list or if you try out any of my DIYs. Do hear I'd love it if you subscribed. Thanks so much for watching today. I hope that this motivated you. Don't forget to give this video a like. Leave a comment below. Let me know who you are if you're new around here or if you watch often. Let me know what you're up to and I will see you guys in my next video.


If you have grass and you just leave it alone and you don't do anything with it, it's going to diminish. You have got to manage grass. Public perspective on it says, no livestock. No livestock. Can't do it. The best thing you can do is put livestock on grass. You have the foot action. You have the grazing. You have the interaction with the wildlife. It's just a partnership.


edition of design lecture series. Today, we have a renowned fund designer, fund engineer, and a very creative person, Mr. Muthu Nandamiran. As we go towards the first anniversary of Typography Society of India, we have a lot of interesting talks lined up over the next few months. First of all, on behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to extend a warm welcome to Mr. Muthu Nandamiran. I'll just give a short introduction about him. He is a legendary fund designer and fund engineering expert in Indian languages. And all those who are using Apple devices will realize that all the Indian language fonts and Indochinese fonts you see in Apple OS, all of them are designed and executed by Mr. Muthu Nandamiran. It is a very proud moment for us to have him as a speaker today. He was keynote speaker in Typography Day also earlier. He has over three decades of experience in typography. He started out by drawing large banners and posters with Tamil and Latin inscriptions while at school in the 70s. His initial works in the digital space were bitmap fonts and lower resolution fonts for printers. Later, his type design for all the Indic and Indochinese scripts are now bundled into operating systems like Mac OS, Windows, iOS, and Android. The popular Tamil type called Inai Mati continues to render Tamil text beautifully. All this iPhone, Cypher, Apple Watches, HTC Android devices, the same typeface is used on standard type for Tamil text by the ministries of education in Singapore and Malaysia also. Besides typography, Mr. Muthu Nandamiran has innovated and built fast and efficient input methods for all languages he works on various platforms. Over to you, Mr. Muthu Nandamiran for your talk. Thank you for joining us. First of all, I'd like to thank the Topography Society of India for giving me this opportunity to present about some of the work that I've done and particularly one special project that I'm working on right now. So, we've got a lot to cover, so let's get started right away. Now, I'd like to introduce myself and say a few things about what I did when this whole thing about my love for typography started. When I started getting interested in typeface design, I didn't know the term typeface design. The word font didn't appear in my vocabulary at the time, but I was very interested in what happened in printing presses because my dad was a writer and I used to follow him to all these presses where his publications were printed, his invitation cards were printed, his brochures or posters were printed. And I was very intrigued by the way they assembled letters and got his blocks together to get some text printed on hundreds of thousands of pages. So, that got me excited looking at each of those slots, each of those metal pieces and how letters were carved under them and how they inscribed beautiful letter forms of print. My dad was a Temmel writer, so a lot of the presses that I visited had typefaces that were designed for Temmel scripts. But the frustration sat in in the year 1983 when we started doing events for school children and we wanted to publish books and magazines in three different scripts. And we had an issue. When you want to do something in Temmel, it cost a lot more than what used to cost the cost of a page in English or Malay. Malay uses the Latin script by the way and it was a lot cheaper, a lot easier. But in Temmel you cannot edit once they have composed the page. You cannot make changes. There are no typefaces. You can't have a bold text when you want it. So we had all these issues. That made me angry and I wanted to do something about this. So when I graduated in 1985, there was this MS-DOS computer. That was the first computer. It was 1985. I don't know if all of you were born by then, but you know, that was the state-of-the-art machine that I had. How do I make these machines speak Temmel? Will this have an answer to this question, to these frustrations that we had? So I started to get an engineer by qualification. I graduated with a degree in electronics engineering. So I looked at some of the devices, some of the parts of the computer and started looking at where these characters are generated. These characters that appear on the screen, where they're generated, can I reverse engineer that and make them display Temmel text instead of English or alongside English. So I found that particular chip that's called the character generator chip and I started looking at how characters are stored into them. And that's how they are stored. They are like big maps of all the Latin text that we know of. Now, how do I get my text to display on the screen that only can display 80 characters, wide and 25 lines? And it has a limited number of space. A limited amount of space for you to put a character inside. And how do I get the keyboard to send Temmel keys when you're pressing the English text? So I started writing programs. I started designing text and a bit of what I did was this. This is the character generator, how the alphabet capital A is stored. I want to skip all that because I know we are designers, we're not engineers, but you give the idea of how the text is stored on the device. And you know, if I gray out all the zeros, you can see the ones appearing and that's how A is stored. And I copy the idea and store Temmel letters like that's how A is stored. And you see that, you know, that's the vertical line space, the vertical character space you have that's just one zero, one line of zero, so you can't fill out the entire eight zeroes that you have. So you have to like squeeze your Temmel in there. And that's your baseline, that's your extender, that's your descender. That's the limit you have to work with. You cannot set your own extender or descender. So with that, I got the screen done. And how do I get the printer done? Using the same technique, I wrote assembler routines, programming every pin as you know, how it should hit the paper when the print head moves from left to right. This was dogmatics printers. This was before laser printers were popular. So again, that's how I designed the letters. And this is the first publication that was done with dogmatics printers. A publisher who was a friend of my father's wanted to be a Temmel publisher to publish a book that was printed with the system that I designed at the time. Then came laser printers like mid-80s. And then again, using the same technique, I designed PCL bitmap fonts. Scalable, TrueType, or Adobe's Postcode fonts were not yet popular. And this is the time. And then I've heard of Daily's, Monthly's, Weekly's, Periodicals and all that started using my system because they were now able to make Temmel pages a lot easier. They can edit, they can change stacks, they can put different typefaces and all that stuff. Now this was done at the time when there was no internet, there was no Google, and there were no mobile phones. I don't know if you can imagine such a time, even I can't, because although I did come from that time, I can't imagine there was a time when there was no internet, no Google. I couldn't Google to find out how this programming language worked, how this PCL specification worked. No, I couldn't find. I can do that now, even for technologies that emerged at that time, but I couldn't find then. So, what were my tools? 1985, what were the tools that I used to make this? Well, that's my first tool. That's the second one. If some of you have used MS-DOS computers, that's a text editor. And that's the assembler language, which was used to write programs for the Intel architecture, Intel CPU. So that's square paper, text editor, and assembler language. Those were my tools. Then came Microsoft Windows, which had graphics, user interface, you can use a mouse to move things around, and this was the most sophisticated tool for me at that time because it could register a pixel. Every time I click on the screen, that pixel is registered, and then I would go and write programs to the pixels and I could run them to fonts. But that was all the fun stuff. Anyway, 25 years later, because there's a lot more stories to tell you when there's no time, so 25 years later I had these typefaces for all of the Indian languages, Indo-Chinese languages, Sri Lankan languages included in IOS and macOS. So that gives you a chronology of things that I did from 2010. Anyway, today, I'm going to talk about this new typeface, which is like the style of today's talk. I'm calling it unnamed. Unnamed Tamil means mother. That's because this is a derivative of another typeface that I did much earlier called Amma, which is also another name for mother. So because it's a derivative of both of these, I dedicated to my mom, my late mom. The metaphor is, how would you like a typeface, you know, for a letter that is writing to your mother? So it's like your handwriting. Not too formal, but it's pleasant for your eyes. I'll give you a little bit of insights and briefly describe what this typeface looks like and then talk about some internals. What is this good for? It's ideal for informal texts, secondary voice, if you want to say something while you're saying something formal. For call-outs, posters, banners, presentations like what I'm doing now. And it could be a single template for multiple scripts. If you're doing a presentation in English, Tamil, and Hindi or Marathi, this could be a typeface that you can use it for because then you have something that harmonizes across all the languages. It could be an ideal typeface for a notepad because it resembles a handwritten typeface. Now the primary goal of this is to be a multi-script typeface. So I wanted to make sure that Devanagari which covers Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, and a lot of those Latin languages they all harmonize together. So if you have Indians living in abroad, in France for example and they are preparing a poster that has something in French and something in Hindi and something in Tamil, they can have a typeface that harmonizes across all of their messages. Now in Devanagari I've also included Vedic signs for those who are interested are people using it today? I don't know but we wanted to make it complete so we included that. We included Tamil fractions. I'm sure nobody is doing that today but we wanted to make sure that this font has it. So if somebody wants to look at how Tamil fractions look like, this font will be able to render that for them. And our goal is to cover all the major Indian scripts not that we don't, I'm not interested in the minor ones, we'll get them to that get to them later. All of the Southeast Asian scripts including Myanmar, Laos, Kenya, Balinese even had some points. That's the goal. Now let me go through some unique features of each script and then talk about some couple of issues that I can share with some internals, some take-home messages that you can also use in your designs. Now that's Devanagari and you can see the start and the end of the Cheroreka which is the headline has got a block. Now that's some magic in there when you break this word into two you'll see that block added I'll show that demo to you later. You'll see the vertical strokes they're all identical. In fact these vertical strokes are the same strokes that will appear in Tamil if you're using Glyphs app those are like component glyphs that you can actually paste them across when you design. The same strokes appear in like capital L or small case L or I in Latin and they're all based on the T sign that you see where the armatra meets the Cheroreka that's the same junction you will see even in Tamil armatra because they look the same. Now this is the magic that I'll show you. These are two separate words and each of them you can't actually do this because when you design these two letters you will see the blocks you know knocking on each other but we did some magic on that. Now these things will work across AAT which is Apple's advanced typography technology as well as OpenType Well Apple also supports OpenType very beautifully so you can actually do this entirely in OpenType but there are some issues which we can talk about in a question later. Now the blocks that I talked to you about so this is like one word and every letter is connected now if I split the letter you see that the blocks are getting inserted with them and the end of the first letter and the beginning of the second letter when I merge them the blocks they appear okay so that's some magic that I can explain to you how we do that later on in Tamil you see the same strokes that you see in Devanaguri especially the terminals the first letter you can see that it's written the entire letter is written without a pen lift likewise the spaces between the matras and the base letters are all taken into account so they harmonize very well with the design that we did for Devanaguri as well now we also included the old style letters these are no longer in use but you need them to say that they are no longer in use at least to say they are no longer and some people are loving this they are trying to bring their usage back I use those even when I write today they have gone disappeared like decades ago but people are not forgotten I think it's the same issue for Malayalam because people are going back to traditional Malayalam typography orthography although the modern one the reformed one has become an official one but people are going back to the reform technology allows that so we included that as well but matching Latin we have contextual forms we have legatures all the good stuff that we have seen on Latin now for Latin we had the I had the privilege of working with my good friend her colleague who are Malaysians as well they have been long-time and interesting that we had to meet in an overseas to realize they were Malaysians they are very generous and they work with me in finishing the Latin and extending that design to all the extended Latin languages that use that extended Latin script like German, French, Vietnamese all that now this is some of the work that we had used in our discussions we looked at how we wanted to unify the way the terminals end in each script the connecting points to make sure that there are not too much smudging and also to reduce the congestion especially when in the numbers like 6, 8, 9 similar things exist in terminals which I'll show you shortly now the finished product gives you a very harmonious look across all the three scripts and we want to realize the same thing across the other script that we were planning to add on to this family that's another example of Latin they have not been in terminals appearing in one screen they have some design insights first let me talk about Latin this is the original design, you can see that it's slightly broader than the new one when you compare to the Tamil one and I had the privilege of showing this to the late Hara Unger who was also my teacher at the wedding when I did my unrest and he told me that if I stick to this design the Latin sometimes can overwhelm the Tamil it's got less stroke density and it can occur bigger when you put both the scripts together I condensed it a little bit I think it appears and you was right it's a lot more harmonious now you don't see any script dominating over the other so you reduce that script dominance which is very important when you design a harmony now some of what I was telling you about earlier the joints we wanted to make sure were natural when you normally write it you don't actually see a disjointed point there but we wanted to show a little bit of a pen lift over there so you see like the second last letter the knee you see that the E mantra actually starts slightly above the headline likewise the last letter so it shows a little bit of touching but not so much joining now for definitely blocks we had some we explored I had a lot went back to my old days of writing assembler code you know so I was trying how do I make these things work so one idea I thought of was to have different length of headlines and then match them programmatically based on the length of the word but that was too much work and it's arbitrary we don't know how long a word is going to be and how many of those we need to design it's not like the E mantra that we designed for really limited number of places so we abandoned that idea we ended up doing this I'm giving you different clips in different colors so you can see there are a lot of little components that join together to give you that blob effect we can discuss this if you want we have questions I can talk about this later on conjuncts we had a lot of discussion about this and Pooja Saxena some of you may be aware she and I had some very interesting exchanges on this and the decision was do we make the parts of the conjunct touch or join I know the new trend is to have them joined have them developed fully as a as a glyph instead of using half forms that are like half touching which was done those days before all this open type stuff came about but I wanted to show off my blogs you know because that's like the highlight of this whole typeface so okay yeah I understand and I agree that you know we must have completely drawn glyphs for all these conjuncts but having them touch instead of join gives it a little bit of difference that little imperfection is I consider a unique feature of this typeface so we reach to compromise okay we don't disjoin them but we join them but we touch them but we not necessarily join them so as a design decision then when will it be ready well if you have the macOS Big Sur you can download it now it's available some of the updates have not gone in there but it's usable all the three scripts are there not yet they're extended let in but you can download it now so with that thank you and I look forward to questions thank you very much thank you very much for your wonderful talk we are all looking forward to hearing about this multi script typeface it is a very interesting concept which is very much in need of today graphic designers only are very excited to hear about multi script thank you very much for your wonderful talk we are all looking forward to hearing about I will just before I go further I would like to take one moment to make a small announcement to all the viewers of typography society today I'm extremely happy to give you information about the next speaker of typography society Dr. Fianna Ross will be talking to us on research based practice and designing type for south asian scripts this will be on the 27 months Saturday at 5pm okay now I will start reading from the questions one is Muthu sir the first one is that when we discuss a multi script font like you have mentioned you are designed now how do you manage the inherent anatomy of three different cultures because we are talking about English Devnagari Marathi Tamil tomorrow you might be having another multi script font which might be of Aurya also of Malayalam also Kannada also so how do you look at the visual characteristics of four different cultures and then make them look harmonious in your design that's an excellent very good design very good question it is actually a challenge especially when you want to design or when you want to include a script that reflects the cultural or the linguistic or topographical heritage of that particular writing system and we all know that even though the languages are in the Indian sub-continent they all have different historical backgrounds the tools that were used to write those scripts actually differ and that actually influenced the shape of the letters in a big way what more if you want to include alphabets from the other side of the planet or down south when you go down to well the Indian the Brahmik derived scripts may have some things in common so you can somehow reach a compromise but you know what we want to do include Urdu at some point which is written in completely a different direction than in scripture so we have to somehow find a compromise and that's extremely challenging but equally interesting one example I would show you is Tamil has a traditional italicized appearance if you look at the old palm leaf manuscripts the writing or the written form those manuscripts had some italicization or slant not the angle slightly different not the regular slant angle that you see on computer you don't see that in Devanagari for example but in this case we have come to a compromise we can't have Devanagari italicized and then Devanagari upright and Tamil italicized and call them that they see a harmony in them we can't do that so we introduce a slight harmony in Devanagari here as well we reduce the italicization of the slant angle of Tamil so it doesn't look too foreign to Tamil and it doesn't look too foreign to Devanagari as well so this is one of the ways we found balance when we combine scripts from different cultures Latin I just I was mentioning earlier during my talk the Latin in is slightly condensed it's not a regular Latin it's like a condensed Latin in a regular type of that's because it has to make way for the harmony to coexist so these are the kind of tweaking we have to realize that and we're very extremely excited to look for these challenges when we start incorporating other scripts into the family as well and you know when we talk about the conscience which you have shown in your slide that you were thinking about joining them and some of them you know you think you have a decision to make whether the conscience joined or touched but this kind of design challenges occur in all the scripts when you're talking about multis is it possible to make that kind of a decision consistent throughout or again it depends on the structure of each language I think the priority is to realize the harmony we as I mentioned the primary intent is for the design to be harmonious across multiple scripts so we have to probably look at it from that angle and what kind of changes or what kind of design decisions we have to make to ensure that that harmony exists when we add the new script to the family for example the next ones that I'm working on is Malayalabin and Guru Mukhi maybe because they have less complexity in the systems but Guru Mukhi has a very clear presentation so that decision doesn't really come in between and Malayalam has very clear presentations of course we go into traditional orthography then you have a lot of those conjunct forms in separate individual clips but even then the design decision is not that difficult to make I see a challenge when we do Bengali for example one of my favorite scripts and it's got different hands the way Bengali I'm so very happy Fiona is going to be the next speaker she's like the authority when it comes to designing Bengali scripts and she was my teacher at heading so and she was she will show the different hands in writing Bengali so how do you incorporate that script into the family without losing the essence of the script it's going to be a challenge I'm actually quite looking forward to that that is because it is a real tough thing for a designer to look at because the grid structure itself is different in Guru Mukhi and Malayalam and Bengali and to make it harmonious in a multi script font and you know traditionally Malayalam and Tamil was written with a stylus Guru Mukhi and Dev Nagari were not they were using tools for that think about getting that original flavor of that culture of Dev Nagari, Guru Mukhi and Bengali and Malayalam and Tamil it is one of the real toughest challenges for us that's true Malayalam is the excited harmonious in all of them correct, I think there are two parts to it one is of course the design and you know I will have to engage local speakers as well I'm very familiar with Malayalam Guru Mukhi I'm quite familiar because there's a huge culture I've got lots of Punjabi friends myself in Malaysia there's a community here so both the scripts I'm very familiar so it's not good I have some ideas already so it's not going to be very difficult to achieve them but for the others like Aurya for example it's I know the script I know the the workings I've done that is Aurya font before but how will a native Aurya speaker look at something like an Anne influence design in an Aurya correct so I will have to engage and I'm actually greatly looking forward to that opportunity which is why in front of jumping and doing all the scripts at one time I'm doing it one at a time to study that I think the outcome of the entire project is going to be extremely satisfying because I know we will have materials that we can pass on to budding researchers and design students who would like to study and look at and probably take it even further we have to start somewhere I'm hoping that this will be a start I'll just read out some of the questions has it gone to Kannada glyphs somebody has asked somebody has asked well I mentioned all of the scripts are in the pipeline they are in my list I'm just doing Malayalam and Guru Mukhi as the next scripts because I'm very familiar with them probably Kannada and Telugu will be done together they have some similarities so some design decisions can be applied across both the scripts so yeah certainly definitely we'll get there there is something from Kimya Gandhi she's saying this is Muthu another one from Sreyesh Mram Sreyes very subtle Muni Anandakrishnan saying truly commendable and unique initiative Muthu great lecture Muthu inspiring to watch that's Professor Anandakrishnan the former vice chancellor of Anna University Suihil thanks Muthu for the great and inspiring presentation there is another question from Sreyesh Mram what inspired you to do this project in the first place and could you please explain to why we need such a phone great I was hoping for a question like that what inspired me to do this was you know I write a lot of articles not a lot but I do write articles in Tamil and every time I want to mention something in a different tone for example you know I want to put a quote I want to quote a verse from that you know put in one of my father's poems he's a poet you know so what I want to do that I want to say that in a different voice right so in English what we do is you can paste and if it's time to do in Roman we just click on the italics button it gives us a completely different typeface it's not just slanting an upright Roman you know it's a different typeface but you know I couldn't do that and italics you know just taking an Indian typeface any language for that matter and just applying italics to it I was thought it was too cheap an approach you know just because there was a button there word processor I just used that so I was actually exploring this design of okay what I want what if I want a casual style that I can use for emphasis for example so that's what inspired me to do this and like my all other designs in the last 10 years whatever new design that I took I would like to see how it can be applied across all scripts some of them yeah I can you can realize how many in some but some you can't but this one I wanted to because I did not see that many designs that were done for emphasis in Indian languages so there's also an area of research in there which I'm you know hoping to explore and enjoy there is some more Nana wants to say that it is a well designed font with harmony and another question is how to become a member of TSI from Facebook that is to me there are two ways to do it one is in Facebook you can find facebook.com slash groups there is a group called typography India in that you can send a request to join and we will approve the request another is about we have so many whatsapp groups whenever a group gets full with 256 members we start a new world so we have so many groups of that so if you send your mobile number in your email id I will email id Sampark.tsi at gmail.com we will add you to the list whichever whatsapp group has that membership mainly mainly we discuss things through those whatsapp groups and our facebook and all the announcements about all the things are done through this and you can read our blog also typographyindia.blogspot.com and I would like to request something more about the other fonts which are done for activity and all that that if you can share some of the experiences with that okay there are two family of fonts that I did for all the other scripts one is a Sangam family which is actually meant for the original intent was web browsing and user interfaces so the Sangam family you would not see that much variations of color or features they are just to make sure that the script works as it should and they are all like low contrast designs which is what they use for user interfaces like the San Francisco or the Notosans series of fonts that were used for the android devices so that's the goal that was the Sangam thing that I did that in the year 2007 2008 where there weren't enough specifications available on how the scripts work and there wasn't enough sample fonts available the correct shaping of this tags so I did that in Apple Advanced Typography AAT and not OpenType but later on I added the OpenType features to that the other one is MN series whatever the script name followed by MN so you have Tamil MN, Devon Agri MN it goes like that that's meant for documents so those will have contrast like your Times New Roman or Georgia or something like that again the goal was not harmony but to make sure that each font meets the requirements of that script and that they properly render the text correctly when you compose on that these are the two family of scripts that I did for multiple languages the rest of my work were previous work that was done in Tamil let me look at the other questions how do the traditional calligraphers react to this kind of because when we look at a font designer so we do a lot of adaptations of traditional font we need to balance the technological requirements, communication requirements also so I just wanted to know for example in Tamil the kind of improvisations you did in this particular font how do the traditional calligraphers and the artists and designers there how do they react to such a good very good question the more I am in one of those whatsapp groups I was probably in the early whatsapp groups and probably not full already and I see a lot of very interesting shares of beautiful calligraphic works done by many calligraphers in India the more I see the more I realize that they are actually two different fields of study I don't know because calligraphy it encompasses the entire message that you want to write and it's usually very short so it could be a phrase or a small poem that you want to calligraph so everything is connected and then you even have a swash that goes from the bottom line to the top line and all that that adds beauty to the presentation so you have to see the entire content in a holistic approach that's my opinion whereas in calligraphy you look at small pieces and make sure that they fit into one another harmoniously when you use them in text so that's definitely going to be a lot of compromises and particularly Indian languages you're going to realize a lot of what you call contextual forms particularly when you're doing cursive style high faces you may have end up having multiple variants of the or the e-matra for example depending on what letter sits before or what letter sits after so there's a lot of research some technical work that's involved in getting a typeface to work with each letter that is adjacent to it that's where the difference is so I don't think the role of the calligrapher is oscillated by typography it never will be because the approach correct no I think some of them understand the situation that warrants such compromises in fact I'm a typographer I'm a typeface designer so every calligraphy presentation that I see the first part that comes to my mind is this typeface will it be possible for you to realize the typeface I can do these things and I'm also a font engineer so even more exciting when it comes to seeing contextual forms so that's my view a calligrapher looks at the entire content and think of how to present them in a single sitting but as a typographer look at smaller pieces and I think they understand each other's requirements and when you do a multi script font like this you have already laid down certain roles because you have done Devanagari there is Latin Devanagari and Tamil now when you add more languages to this for maybe 2 years you will add 4 of them so you have already drawn certain playground markings in when you did this sure if you look at when you do Gurumukhi now it is a restriction also because you have already written down roles of the game so you manage that I don't want to pre conceive a decision yet if you look at the choices that I made 3 different scripts from 3 different regions so you have Tamil which more South India Devanagari which is Northern Indian calligraphic tradition Tamil is South Indian farm leaf stylus tradition and Latin which is from the western tradition so there are 3 different groups already so I think that's one of that was probably the biggest challenge now when we add Gurumukhi for example doesn't differ too much from Devanagari I mean of course it's not the same as Devanagari but you know it has some similarities it has the headline so that's one there already so we look for similarities when you want to design for harmony we look for similarities when you want to bring out the characteristics of the we look for specifics what's good for example if you look at Bengali for example the triangle is the specific triangle so you want to highlight that you want to bring that up you want to promote that to give that from far you can look at it hey that must be Bengali the grid sense is so different exactly the font grid sense varies drastically so when you look at multi-script and when you look at harmony then you look for similarities and the joiner is the scaling of the joiner is that philosophy or the SOP also might have changed from every script which you have done because it also can't be okay I think we can we can use the same there are possibilities there are possible areas where we can reuse the technique in specific scripts the script that I'm most concerned about not there yet but the one that I'm most concerned about is Oriya I think that it's a northern Indian script that has some south Indian resemblance so it's very unique in the way it's written so I haven't figured out what kind of treatment we need to make to make those letter forms synchronize or harmonize with what we already have in our name that's going to be a challenge how do you manage the excite issue the excite changes drastically when you go to look at any Indian language font and when you compare it to Latin there is a lot of difference in the excite for example if you take Delugu there are a lot of characters which come on top of one another or below and then a mantra will come so the excite proportionately reduces and might not be the same with Tamil it will be very different in Bengali also so the excite is a drastic variation in excite when you look at the Indian scripts so how do you manage when you do a multi script font because you need to look at the excite correct I try not to use the excite as a benchmark or as a marker and when you talk about harmony you also talk about avoiding script dominance for example in Annay the Cherarika actually is above the excite it doesn't sit on or below the excite it's above the excite so if you use a ruler and measure the Devanagari may look taller than Latin or Tamil but if you put the Devanagari on the excite for example then the most important part of the glyph gets condensed the excite steals the show then you will see that Devanagari looks very condensed when you compare to and then the other scripts may dominate so you need to move that up a little bit but we are not going to see that many lines of text that will have characters or letters from different scripts intermixed into the same line that's not going to happen but you have words that are inter placed between a sentence the goal is to see that the script is not drowned or it's not overwhelming the other script that is next to it so what I do is instead of using the excite as the measure I take the overall middle portion of the salient part of the glyph I give you an example there's this old Tamil newspaper in Malaysia called Tamil Nates 6 years old so when I started doing typography I was very interested in some of the display faces they were wooden type wood types and I looked at one of them and then I tried to copy that design I mean I didn't look at that I tried to copy the design and make it into a text type face it didn't work that's because all of the marks that went on top drastically reduced to just bring out the most important part of the glyph visible prominently visible so when you read a headline from far you can read the text without losing its meaning right so it didn't work for text type face when you read in close up so like that when you look at different styles of type faces look at the most important part of that glyph what actually gives meaning to that glyph which is the part that makes ker look like ker not the headline it's not the x-height but it's the stem and the two kerf that goes next to each other so I try to highlight that and make that appear in the middle so the Cherarika can go above the x-height or the baseline that's okay but as long as when they are in the same line they appear harmoniously so that's the rule of this the game of this particular type there is one question do you start solo and then get a team together or there is a team since the beginning for this project a lot of this is done at a hobby fest I think like all designers all creators musicians people who create art you know a lot of the dreams start in their head solo the sparks get triggered when you are walking in the park or while eating some food or watching a movie and then you start catching doing some group studies as much as I like to work on all this individually because I like to touch and feel them I'm actually passionate about designing that business for any language there is a practical limit that you can't do beyond and then I work with people who are very interested and that can be challenging because you need like-minded people because it's your baby and you want people to really take it with care so that much of passion must be in that to realize it together so Sveli and Sinjin who are my good friends in Malaysia they've been very helpful in providing feedback because they wanted to make sure that the concept of my design is not lost when they extended my Latin design to include the extended Latin character so we had constant exchanges in doing that the short answer is no I don't have a team to start with in my head and then I look for people who can give life to that idea and then we build it together I'll just share screen for the concluding slides and I'll come back in a minute because many people are asking about the email ID and how to become on behalf of the organizing team myself Farondi, Giridhar Dr. D. Uday, Kumar and Chirag Gandhar we would like to thank Muktu for accepting our invitation we want to specially thank the Haskig team and all the group members and this is the blog ID and the website ID and the email ID so whoever wants to join and can write to us and the details about the Facebook group everything is in the blog and we have a youtube channel also where all the previous lectures can be seen sumbark.tsi at gmail.com is the email ID so with that I will conclude and thank you thank you very much for joining us


In the EEG-based motor imagery classification task, the device and subject problems can lead to a shift in the time-related data distribution, which can negatively impact the classification accuracy. This paper proposes a multi-subdomain adaptation network, MSDAN, which addresses this issue by simultaneously minimizing the adaptation and classification losses in multiple subdomains. The proposed method was tested on the BCI Competition 3 IVA dataset and demonstrated improved performance over existing methods. This article was authored by each N, Rui Yang, Ming Jia Huang, and others.