In this presentation, we will expand on the logistics of internal expansion. Get ready to act because it's time to account with advanced financial accounting. We're going to take a look now at the steps of the internal expansion. So note we have the two categories of expansion, the internal expansion and the external expansion. Internal expansion with a company growing. We're imagining the company growing. They can either grow internally making another subsidiary possibly that would be owned by the parent company creating a parent subsidiary relationship internally or have some kind of external expansion where we have two separate entities that are going to be together in some way, shape or form. So here we're talking about the internal expansion. So we have one company that is then thinking about expanding. How are they going to put that expansion together? We're thinking about the setting up then in this case of another legal entity such as a subsidiary. What are the steps for that? Well, first you're going to have a subsidiary be created. So you got the parent company is going to be creating the subsidiary. Then we have assets and liabilities are transferred to the new entity. So we're imagining we have one company that wants to expand possibly have another division or another location that they will be expanding into. They make the subsidiary so they another legal entity created. We typically will think and have another corporation that is owned by the prior corporation parent subsidiary relationship. The assets and liabilities that are going to be controlled or be part of that new segment are going to be transferred from the parent company now to the subsidiary company. And the key point here is that it's going to be transferred at book value. And you might be thinking after looking at the external expansion where you have two separate entities that are coming together. And the need for us to then use the basically the acquisition method treated basically like a sale happening at that point of time. You might say, hey, look, if a new entity is being created, why is it the case that we're going to be putting the book value into that new entity? Whereas if we had two separate entities, we used an acquisition method. And note here that you can think of it as a kind of market type of transaction. If you have two separate entities that are coming together, then you basically kind of have a sale. You can think of it as basically some type of sale or market transaction because you have two separate entities that have basically conflicting interest oftentimes within the merging process. And therefore you have a market type of transaction happening here, although we have a new we have a new entity that's being created. There's not really two sides of a negotiation process happening when it goes on. It's just it's just one management management of one company is now saying I think logistically or for whatever reason, possibly for tax purposes, possibly just in terms of liability purposes or some of the reasons we talked about before. We think that we should have another entity that we should be controlling. They're not negotiating with someone else about basically the price of what that kind of transaction and negotiation will be. So that's that's basically the argument for in this type of situation, the creation of a new entity and not having to re revalue all of the assets at the fair market value. So keep that distinct. So that's going to be a key component. It's useful to keep in your mind the rationale as to, you know, possibly in your own mind just think about why it might be the case in some cases that you would need to be revaluing things when you create a new entity. Such as when you have two entities coming together most of the time using the acquisition method as opposed to when you're expanding internally, even if creating a new entity, then at that point in time, you may be transferring the assets from one entity to the another, but using the book, the book value instead of the instead of revaluating. However, if there are impairment losses, those are going to be recognized and the transferred assets will be at the lower fair value. So in other words, if we're transferring assets, we can imagine like property plants and equipment that we're transferring over. And if we know that that property plants and equipment is actually valued at less than the book value, then we would have to recognize the loss and then transfer that the value over that would be the lower of either the fair value or the book value. And that coincides with like the conservative principle, which is basically the idea that we really don't want to be overstating from a financial standpoint from like a regulatory standpoint that we don't want to be overstating the assets. So typically something like property plants and equipment, for example, was typically going to be putting those on the books at the book value, which is the cost minus the depreciation. However, if there's an impairment, if we know that there's been a permanent reduction, for example, then we may need to go in there and have the impairment loss so that we are more conservative in that we reporting to our reader. The lower the lowering of the assets, we're not overstating the assets. So typically from a regulatory standpoint, just the general rule is that we would we would prefer to have the assets be be not error on the side of understating and overstatement generally with it would be the conservative concept. So if it has then been impaired, just to be in alignment with standard type of accounting principles to be in alignment with a conservative principle, we would typically record the loss for that activity. New company record assets and liabilities at book values at the time of transfer. So they're going to be recorded at book value at the time of transfer. So let's visualize this one more time. You've got the parent company, the parent company wants to expand, they want a separate legal entity, so they create a separate legal entity, and then they're going to take the assets that were in the parent company and liabilities and transfer them into the separate legal entity that transfer now happening at book value because there's no arm length transaction. That's how I would think of it in terms of why it's at book value as opposed to a fair market value. There's no market transaction to one entity that is now becoming basically two entities. There's no negotiation happening at that point in time. However, if there are impairments to be in alignment with standard accounting rules, then typically we would have to write down the assets in accordance with the conservative principle and record that at the lower amounts after having written it down here. So basically it's going to be on the books at the fair market value for the subsidiary.


Okay, thanks a lot. So today I will continue with my program and in particular I will come back to heat equations and I decided also to give you some background on heat equations on many folds in general because this is a very rich object there. So to say analysis geometry and probability theory meet together and probably if you are a probabilist it's the first time you realize that you should learn geometry and analysis, analysis to realize probably it's good to learn also probability theory and I will explain a bit where this comes from. So going back to a very basic setting take a Riemannian manifold and look at the heat equation. So on the right hand side I have the Laplacian induced by the metric here and usually there are two different communities. The people coming from analysis and the people coming from probability theory and usually you can distinguish the two communities if you look here whether there is a factor one half or not, yes a probabilist's right, one half Laplacian analysts ignore the one half as you can see today I'm an analyst and probably also. Sorry, well this is if you take Hodge-DeRam then you have another sign convention but this is a third community I would say. Okay so one would like to understand solutions to such equations and one basic question you can ask, well if you have such a solution what can you say about the gradient of u or if u is positive gradient of log u? How can you understand these things? There is a related question which comes under the name of Harnak inequalities so if you have a solution you would like to compare the solution at the point x at time s to the solution at y maybe at some different time or at the same time, yeah? And actually these two questions are more or less it's more or less the same question because you can look at gradient estimates as infinitesimal versions of Harnak inequalities and Harnak inequalities you get from gradient estimates just by integrating along curves or geodesics so it's basically the same question. Well let's come to the even more fundamental situation where you have a stationary solution which means a function which is harmonic there it's usually good not to insist that u is defined globally on all of your manifold there may be obstructions for that so typically take some domain and try to find a function on u which is harmonic and here I wrote one classical theorem which shows you why you need to learn geometry here. You may say well coming back to this equation okay this is PDE equation of course the operator is defined in geometric terms why should I worry about geometry but you can see it here so this is an estimate for a harmonic function positive harmonic function on some domain giving you estimating grad log u on the left hand side if you look at the right hand side you see this is independent of u so what do you have here? Some universal constant depending only on the dimension of n then you certainly have a term which measures the distance to the boundary because if you think that u is coming from a solution to the Dirichlet problem then the boundary values can be quite arbitrary so you cannot control the gradient u close to the boundary and so you have to take this into account and the right scaling is one over distance to the boundary and here you see you need some other ingredient which gives you a bound of Ricci on this domain from below and that's where geometry comes in when you try to understand such type of equations well as I said this is a classic result some time ago we proved such kind of estimates just using probabilistic methods Brownian motion and we did more or less provided proofs for most of Liou type estimates which are around and usually the method is quite simple and gives you a strong result so for instance of course it's not so interesting re-proving things but we wanted to understand how is the structure of such problems and how you can approach it in probabilistic terms and actually in our proof we get an explicit value for the constant in the classical proof it's just there is some constant and it was a work with Bruce Driver Bruce is very much interested in infinite dimension getting estimates there and if you know a bit the background is a famous book of Dan Struck on analysis on pass space and he writes that Yao asked him whether he can prove something Yao himself cannot prove and so he said well I tried Liou estimate and prove it with probabilistic methods and in this book he has a whole chapter which is entitled by commitment of defeat something like that so he did not manage it and so for some time it was not clear how to do it but well it can be done okay so what I said before if you have an estimate like this here you just integrate it along geodesics then you get for instance Harnock inequality take geodesic ball of radius R then you may look at the maximum of the function on the geodesic ball of half the radius you can compare it to the minimum by some explicit constant which only depends on the dimension lower bound of Ritchie on the ball and the radius maybe you need to measure distance to the boundary well now coming back to the parabolic case I would like to explain you in probabilistic terms there is an exact formula for the gradient of U because this will be important later on in terms of a Brownian motion and this is my notation you remember x small x is the starting point at time zero and this is the position of Brownian motion at time t and well to remind you how we defined this well we said it should be the stochastic flow to this operator so for instance for functions on M you should have this defining property well I need some construction to explain you the formula and this is the following fix a point on M and then define a linear transformation from the tension space at this point to the tension space by solving an ODE where you have several ingredients here on the right hand side you have something which I call Ritchie parallel and what is this I made a diagram where you can exactly see this is a linear application so take a vector in the tension space let Brownian motion run up to a time t starting at x then you are at this random point x t transport your vector along the path of your Brownian motion then you are sitting in the tension space to this random point so here you apply Ritchie Ritchie at this random position where you are then you get something over here and then you transport it back right this gives you this mapping I call Ritchie parallel okay and with this I solve the equation linear equation which I can solve paths by paths a covariant equation along the Brownian motion and I get this family of QTs you see if Ritchie is zero if the manifold is Ritchie flat Qt will just be the identity otherwise it's some deformation of the parallel transport by Ritchie yeah so that been introduced long time ago by people I think Paul Maliova was one of the first he called it transport or transfer amortisse where people talk about the damped parallel transport nowadays so if you do analysis on paths or loop space this is one of the basic objects you should not worry about well of course here by convention Ritchie I can read as which is defined as a bilinear form but or I can define it as linear mapping from the tension space to the tension space by using the metric converting a differential form back to a tangent vector well coming back to my heat equation we already know how to solve this equation while I'm making assumptions that Brownian motion is not exploding but I could do it much more generally so the solution namely the function U at point X at time T I get as follows I take the point X let my Brownian motion run up to time T substitute this in my initial function and then I average over all paths on the manifold so this is a very concrete and simple way to understand this equation and we already have seen how it works you write down a certain process you check this is a martingale then you take expectations the formula and it's not difficult to show that if you look at the differential of the solution to the heat equation that well this is actually the same as the heat semi-group on one forms applied to DF and you have a representation of this guy which is similar to what we have before look what we are doing now it's a PT on one forms applied to DF you take DF you evaluate this at a random point X T then you transform it back to the starting point of your Brownian motion and then you multiply it by this QT or QT I defined on TXM but these are differential forms so I take the adjoint of the QT I defined so here you see there is Ricci sitting inside this is parallel transport and this is the initial condition well how to check this same thing as above you look at this process here and check this is a martingale then you take expectations for S equals zero you have just the left hand side and for S equals T you have T minus T then gives you DF taking expectation you get this formula so this is a typical representation of the heat flow on one forms right and of course you get from formulas like this immediately estimates namely well if you estimate the right hand side you have to estimate this QT and for this you need exactly lower bounds of Ricci so if you have lower bounds of Ricci you estimate the stamped parallel transport and you get immediately estimates like this well I come back to this later on but looking at such formulas you see on the right hand side you have the differential of F sometimes you would like to have a formula where no derivatives of F are involved so for instance if you heard the talk yesterday of François Laitrapied there was such a kind of formula where you want to look at the gradient of PTF but on the right hand side you don't have the derivatives of F and I show you one type of these formulas so here it is take the solution of the heat equation and look at the differential or the gradient of U in some direction V given as a tangent vector then you have this formula where I have to explain what the different terms are the first thing we already know this is the initial condition Brownian motion starting at X running up to time t which is actually the term we needed to represent U in stochastic terms then we are multiplying it by some stochastic integral and what is this? well here I have some upper limit of my integral I could integrate up to time t because t is the time I'm looking at my solution but I can already stop I can take the minimum of the first time when Brownian motion starting at X will exit some neighborhood of X I take some relatively compact neighborhood about this point and I stop the process as soon as it goes out of this neighborhood so this is nice because usually to make this well defined I need lower bounds of Ricci but on a compact set Ricci is always bounded so I don't need any assumptions to write down my formula well I have to continue what is set this is just a flat Brownian motion in the tangent space and here is my Q I defined in terms of Ricci and L this can be any adapted process of finite energy so finite energy means if you take the derivative then in some sense it should be L2 or for experts it would mean it's a process taking values in the Cameroon-Martin space and this process should have the following properties so it should not be too weird it should not have a martingale part I wrote here absolutely continuous pass it should start at zero at the point V so remember V is the direction I'm differentiating it and it should be zero no later than either I'm at time T or I'm exiting this small neighborhood otherwise I can choose my L as I like right and I can also choose my D here as I like but of course if I take D very small I have to assure that at the time the process is exiting the L must be zero so I must drive it to zero very quickly which gives me here a large L dot so it depends on the time of the problem I'm considering if I have a huge manifold I can just wait up to time T then it goes to zero by itself I can choose L even deterministically and to get such a formula here so everything is explicit we have here Brownian motion we have this process we can choose here we see the influence of Ricci how Ricci comes in and this is just the initial condition of course from here it's very easy to get estimates of the gradient of U in terms of the initial condition F well this is typically called Bismuth type formula and the way how to prove it in particular if there are stopping times that have evolved is well of course it's some integration by parts on the venous base but the point is you should do integration by parts always on the level of martingales if you do this on the level of martingales you can still introduce stopping times you stop the martingales there are still martingales and at the very end you should take expectation which gets you back to the level of PDEs that's the strategy and quite often people do it the wrong way and then they end up taking derivatives of expectation of functions where some stopping times are involved and stopping times usually depend very badly in the sense of taking derivatives because if you disturb things a bit and then you may not exit at a given point you may come back to the domain and so on okay so this here more or less as background about heat equation on Riemannian many foods and remember the program we are interested doing things with respect to moving geometries and I guess it's definitely not a surprise that all I explained so far can be adapted to this situation because all my arguments rely on martingale arguments and this just means I have to adapt the setting to get things now for instance heat equation under geometric flow like under Ricci flow or later on I will come back to the work of Perlman by looking at the conjugate heat equation but this will probably be tomorrow so just to remind you we constructed this object we called Brownian motion on space time and here I do it by fixing some time capital T and let then time run backwards from there which gives me Brownian motion with respect to moving metric but at time R I really have the metric G T minus R that's the right setting to deal with such equations here than as before if you have a solution let time run backwards capital T minus R and here you substitute the process starting at X at time zero and let it run up to time R this will be a martingale taking expectations you get a formula as before expectation F of some process the only thing which is more complicated is this S here because it's no longer homogeneous but take S equals zero you have a formula exactly as before so if you take S equal zero in this equation well there is similar representation for the gradient of U the only thing I have to redefine is this damped parallel transport this QT and I have to add to reach G another term which is given by a time derivative of the metric so if I take a general evolving or a family or one parameter family of metrics I have to introduce this derivative of the metric to get the right damped parallel transport then I can go into the formula and everything works as before but you see here this is interesting because well if we suppose we are following the reach flow this will be zero here so it means that my QT is just the identity that means in my gradient formulas at the end reach will disappear and this is a well-known observation that in some sense many folds evolving under reach flow behave in many respects like reach flat many folds because reach by the dynamic point of view reach is killed by the deformation of the metric the metric is deformed in such a way that it kills exactly reach and then you can see here that this will go away and you get gradient formulas which look like formulas you have on a reach flat on flat spaces and well I come back to this immediately well I would like to say something about how to relate curvature bound to certain type of gradient estimates so again I'm going back to the case of a static Riemannian manifold to show you the idea and looking at this formula for the gradient of U I told you already you get such an estimate for the gradient so look here you take PTF which is my U where F is the initial condition you take gradient of PTF on the right hand side you have PTF of gradient norm so this is the heat flow when you start with gradient of F and if you have a lower bound of reach it was obvious from my formula that you get such an estimate and actually this is equivalent so you can show having a lower bound of reach e curvature is equivalent to such a functional inequality if you do it in L2 you get a similar equation just with L2 and you can write down a lot of equivalent conditions so you can express it also in terms of a loxobolef inequality you can write it in terms of a Poincare inequality these are all conditions equivalent to lower, to characterizing lower bound of reach e and there are still, I could continue probably until tomorrow to write you conditions and this is still a very popular domain of research so if you know a bit the work of Lot, Villani, Theo Sturm and so on they are very much interested in understanding curvature on spaces which are more general than Riemannian manifolds to define reach e, well you need a differentiable structure but if you have, if you can give equivalent conditions which may be which are more robust and make sense on more general spaces so for instance here if you have corresponding heat flow and you can define the gradient of a function then you can make out the sense of such equations and you have a chance to define reach e bounds at least in situations where there is no obvious notion for reach e there's also lot of conditions in terms of entropy the convexity of entropy if you take papers of Theo Sturm but the point is by such equations you can only characterize bounds for reach e, you cannot really characterize reach e by itself so this is still a bit far off of what we like to do well coming back to the heat equation along some geometric flow I denote the solution well as I said this is not homogeneous anymore so I take the initial condition at time s and I look at the solution at time capital T so I get a two parameter family of semi-groups indexed by s, t and f is the initial condition and what I just said before looking at such gradient estimates I said evolving under reach e flow would correspond to being reach e flat in a static setting so one expects estimates where this exponential factor would be just one and so we can do the following well look at so-called super solutions to the reach e flow which corresponds well if you take the analogy to static manifolds reach e flow would correspond to reach e flat and super solutions would correspond to reach e non-negative and for reach e non-negative if we go back to the gradient estimates the k is zero because zero is a lower bound for reach e so it's not surprising that the gradient of this two parameter semi-group can be estimated by the semi-group of the gradient so here there is no exponential factor because as I said if you go to my formula I explained which tells you how reach e enters into the equation reach e is killed by or it's you have on the well it's not completely true what I'm saying if you go to this dammed parallel transport you see you get some term which is bounded below by zero and this you use for estimating and doing as before we can write down functional inequalities now characterizing super solutions to the reach e flow completely analogous to what we did before characterizing lower bounds of reach e in terms of gradient estimates you see here on the right hand side there is no exponential right but you may ask okay super solutions to the reach e flow this is probably not so interesting can we also characterize solutions to the reach e flow so can we write down estimates which characterize not just super solutions obvious these kind of estimates are equivalent to the greater equal here there are two week but can we find other inequalities which characterize exactly reach e flow and it turns out yes we can do but we have to go from the manifold to the pass space over the manifold remember if looking at the heat equation you take the initial function you evaluate it at x t and then you take the expectation so it means this is on pass space this is just a one point cylindrical function where you have a pass you evaluate it at one point and then you take the expectation okay let me explain the setting I'm going to deal with we go to pass space so pass space now on our space time manifold time as usual is running backwards and I have a pass on m and I carry a long capital T minus t so this gives me a pass in space time and brownian motion based at x capital t I define it gives me a measure on pass space measure induced by this process so x t is the brownian motion with respect to the family g capital T minus t of matrix and the important point is this gives me a measure on the pass space the pass based at at x t so at time 0 x t will be x and this will be capital T well on given such space time curve I take an evaluation at k points between 0 and t so I evaluate the x component here at time sigma 1 sigma 2 and so on sigma k this is what people call a cylindrical or one can define cylindrical functions on pass space which only depend on this or which factorize via this evaluation at k discrete points so a functional on pass space which is defined by looking at the pass x only at this k different times and so evaluating combining this sum u and mk which is nice compact support and so on will be my notion of a cylindrical function on a pass space well then I define type of gradient on a pass space this is basically the same as a Maliova derivative on a pass space written for a cylindrical function so you take derivatives of this u in the different direction parallel transport it take the sum and take this thing here composed with the evaluation at the discrete points which gives me a notion of of parallel gradient for cylindrical functions on a pass space well with this object I can now go forward and can really characterize solutions to the Ricci flow namely I get I need to have gradient estimates but no longer for one point cylindrical functions as I had before such estimates are too weak but I have to go on pass space and I take the gradient of expectation of such a cylindrical function but estimating by the parallel gradient or Maliova derivative of f expectation of this so this here should be also an e like the one here as before the only point is it's no longer on m it's on pass space and what I'm saying this is an equivalent condition to a cheat following Ricci flow and well this is interesting because as I said before people on many faults or spaces more general than many faults have been interested in characterizing Ricci in terms of functional inequalities and it's a longstanding problem in the theory of Ricci flow how to or to come up for instance with a notion of weak solutions to the Ricci flow equation because of course if you look at the program of Parallelman while he lets Ricci flow work and at certain points singularities appear then he investigates the singularities he does some surgery and then he continues with the Ricci flow and until he ends up at infinity and there he sees something interesting but as soon as you have a singularity in your equation it's no longer well defined so one would like to have a notion of weak solutions or something which makes also sense going over singularities or something like that and while here you see at least something which is very promising in this direction because you have a characterization in terms of functional inequalities which you may be able to extend or to make sense of such inequalities also in cases where you have trouble with the original Ricci flow okay if I understand correctly I have to finish now thanks a lot for your attention


Hello, my name is Emily Awuma. I'm an agricultural economist. I work for Ilri. I'm based in Uganda. And in Uganda we do a lot of work on the pig value chain and simply because the pig sector is rapidly becoming an important sector in Uganda. The demand for pork is rising. So we see several opportunities for smallholder pig farmers as well as other value chain actors to benefit to tap into this opportunity. We've carried out pig value chain assessments as part of livestock and fish CJI research program to identify constraints and opportunities in the pig value chain. In Uganda, smallholders are the majority players in the pig value chain. And women play a very important role, especially in the production, not of the value chain. They take care of the pigs. They source for feeds. They source for water for their pigs. They care for the pigs when the pigs are sick and they also clean the pig's thighs. Now, when we come to the marketing nodes of the value chain and even slaughter and processing, we see that women are no longer involved and men seem to be becoming more visible post-production node of the value chain. Now, our interest in this value chain is to find ways in which women can get more involved in the post-production nodes of the value chain and also find out if they are benefiting from the benefits that come from the post-production nodes of the value chain. We are pilot testing and intervention that we call pig business hubs. And these are simply ways of bringing together integrating farmers with other service providers so that they can carry out a pigery as a business. So our interest is to find out whether women are participating in these pig business hubs and if they are benefiting from the benefits that are derived from the pig business hubs. So what we've done is to carry out some study to assess the types of issues or factors that influence participation of both men and women in the pig business hub and to also assess some of the factors that influence if they would derive benefits from the pig business hub intervention that we are pilot testing. So far the results reveal that the hubs associated with feeds are okay. They are open space for both men and women. However, the hubs around markets seem to be rather contentious because men seem to dominate and have a lot of power in terms of use of the benefits from the enterprise. And this is largely because of some of the cultural beliefs, cultural norms that somehow elevate men. They seem to have power and it is known and women even accept it. They say that in order to maintain respect at home, for instance, then they would rather have men make decisions as regards the benefits from the enterprise. So what that means for us, therefore, is that even as we are pilot testing some of these interventions, we need to be gender aware. We need to think about the outcomes in terms of the benefits that these interventions translate for men and women. So for the pig business hub, we are now considering involving other partners who have capacities in implementing interventions that promote mindset change so that men can open more space for women to get some entitlements from the benefits of some of these interventions.


What do we have here? A cover star's opportunity pack. If you're confused, don't worry, I'll explain. EA just dropped a promo that they have never dropped before. They're calling it Cover Athletes, and they're dropping two a week. So what we're getting is players that have been on the cover of Madden meaning we're gonna get some serious historic studs. But the release that just dropped, Marshall Folk Madden 03 and Ray Lewis Madden 05. The Ray Lewis is the new most expensive player and every single cover athlete comes with two versions. There is the regular edition and the collector's editions. Same way that they dropped Madden's. You guys remember Madden 19 who traditionally the cover is Antonio Brown, but there's a collector's edition with Terrell Owens. It does make me think though, are we gonna get an Antonio Brown? The 93 overall is the better version. It's better because it's one overall higher so it basically has plus one in every stat. And on top of that, it has an extra discounted ability. One of the first times we're seeing true zero AP abilities this entire year. I gotta say this is exactly how I love it.  The fact that Ray Lewis is one of the first ever players to get a true discounted ability. This is the pull we're looking for. Ray Lewis 92 speed, 95 hit power. He gets lurk artist for zero AP. This is the best middle linebacker in the game. It's not even close. Marshall Folk, I will say he's obviously great, but there are a lot of good hat back options. Ray Lewis is going for 2.5 mil right now and Marshall Folk is one mil. He's great, but there's a lot of great running backs. There's only two ways to get these players. You can either pull them in a pack, just straight up pull a limited pure chance. And then there's the cover stars opportunity pack. This costs real money, TA we're talking about. It gives you four 85 pluses, two 87 pluses and one 92 overall cover athlete or the 93 overall. So worst case scenario is 92 overall Marshall Folk. Best case scenario, 93 limited Ray Lewis. This is the pack and play squad where I desperately need a lurk artist middle linebacker. Wait, no, that's not true.   I thought that was the animation right there. I don't desperately need a lurk artist, but I would love Ray Lewis. Style 88, Sheena Sharp, which is a huge addition to pack and play squad. I don't know what this animation looks like. So I don't know what to look for yet. That's not it, right? 86 Justin Jefferson, an aka player, 86 Vernon Davis.  Stop doing that. Oh, or no, I don't have Polkros. Okay. Oh my God, the best for last, huh? Oh my God, the best for last, huh? Here we go, boys. We're hoping for Ray Lewis. Come on, baby.  AKA? Did I read that wrong? Wait, did I read that wrong? Are you not guaranteed a cover star? Wait, was it a 92 overall player or a 93 limited? Wait, what? Although honestly, it's a pretty sick pull for pack and play. I have the 89 marino in. I definitely take the 92. No, I'm here to pull a cover star.  I'm hopping on a different account to read that again. I could have sworn that said it guarantees one. Oh my God. It's 485 plus 287 plus and 192 overall elite player. Wait a minute. So you can't even pull the 92 in packs? Are the 92s exclusively in sets? Guys, I'm gonna be honest. I thought for sure I had all the info coming to this video. I don't know what goddamn thing. Also a huge shout out to PrizePix for sponsoring. PrizePix's daily fantasy made easy. Simply pick two or more players and decide if they will score more or less than their stat projection. You can win up to 25 times your money and it's available in 30 plus states. And the best part is that all first time users that deposit and use promo code MMG will receive 100% instant deposit match up to $100. Download today and don't forget to use our promo code MMG for that special bonus. Enjoy the rest of the video. So you can't get the cover athletes in sets. You have to pull them. The 92 overall player could be a cover athlete but it also doesn't have to be. Oh my God. I'm trying to get on this account. This is double or nothing. I gotta get this account to 6.4 mil anyway. Sound like the most minor cope. Brevin Jordan. Oh, Big Harvest, right? That's the Big Harvest animation.  What? I didn't even know that was in packs. I don't know anything.  PS2 in the pack. Oh, this will be the one, right? We got the sauce now. Big Aka player. Wait, unless that was my 92 overall. No, dude. If that was my 92 overall, I'm gonna cry. A big, a 90 overall most feared.  Another big Aka, this one is B. Oh my God, it comes down to this. Did I already get my 92 or is it gonna come down to this? Show me the new animation. You know how badly I wanna see it. Fuck, that was my 92. Can I make a confession as to why I believed all of this? I'm just gonna confess, I'm coming clean, okay? So this is my Wheel of Mud account and I opened that bundle and I instantly pulled limited Ray Lewis. And in my head, I was like, oh my gosh, I gotta record a video. You're guaranteed a cover athlete.    Oh, if it's any consolation, I did pull this. It even tells you their source pack opening acquired 1127, that's today. Oh my God. I'm not letting you guys go empty handed. I'm gonna pick up Ray Lewis and Marshall Falk anyway. My last ditch effort here is I'm gonna open this Blitz redux bundle and any one of these 87 pluses could be a cover athlete. I really want you guys to see this animation. So it's not gonna be there. That's a low 87, mean Joe Green. Why don't you guys see it so bad? We get a redux player as well. I think I literally already, my brain doesn't work, dude. I've been making too many videos.  Shaq Barrett, Shaq Barrett again.  I'll kiss you on the lips. That's actually the exact position we needed on pack and play too. Okay, so just to be clear, we did make some massive upgrades to pack and play squad already.  So damn the man. This is our new quarterback now though. Hot route master AKA is so weird. Couldn't I just put it on him? Yeah, why would I do that? Hot route master and probably just gunslinger. He's eating up a lot of AP like this though. Gunslinger, hot route master, and I'll give him blitz radar. So now I only have two AP that I can use on offense and I wanna go pick up Marshall Folt.  Let's have an awesome video. So I can get a two AP evasive or a one AP jukebox. Honestly, jukebox is overrated, bro. I understand why this card is the price that he is because you don't even need to put a single ability on him. All of this stuff is just unnecessary. He does have backfield master collectors edition. This makes no sense. It starts on, but it's eight plays on once activated. Oh, so it starts on four eight plays. Hot routes improve route running and catching from the backfield. That's not that bad. Yak him up. Increased chance of break the first post catch tackle is kind of nasty. I'm gonna use Yak him up. This may be the first time in Madden history, in my Madden history that I've ever used Yak him up.  That might be the most I've ever spent on a single player this year. I think it's gonna be worth it though. You can see why Ray Lewis is double in price though. Cause not only is he insane, zero. And if you don't want to user him, you can run two AP mid zone KO.  Could run Acrobat two, could run deep in the zone KO inside stuff.  Avalanche film study. So Avalanche starts on, but film study does not start on. At least it doesn't say it. So I think Avalanche will be on for eight plays. Whereas film study, you have to manually activate. I'm going Avalanche. How do you not go Avalanche? You get one downhill hit stick and you get the ball. That's messed up. The good news is Marshall Fulk has cost me zero AP. So I can go zero AP on him, five on Merino, and then the two for Lynchpin on Kelsey. We got zero AP for Avalanche and Lurk Artists on him. One AP for Lurk Artists there. Another two for Acrobat. There's also a cover athletes chemistry, which I now have four of, which adds awareness, acceleration, play record and jump to all my cover athletes. So somebody with their mommy's credit card is going to have all the cover athletes. And at tier 20, they're going to have plus one speed and plus one excel in all of them. Oh my God. Ray Lewis, the cornerstone of the defense and Marshall Fulk, the new cornerstone of the offense. And we added Dan Merino because he was in that opportunities back. They're such beautiful card art too. Like those look so sick. Oh gentlemen, shall we catch it up? That's a full new top three, the entire top three revamped. And you know he's pissed.  So Marshall Fulk starts the game. Ooh, okay. So he has eight reps of this. I kind of just want to throw it to him, right? Cause he has an increased chance to break the first tackle post-cash. So it's basically freight train after you catch the ball. So here's the thing. So I still want to run the ball to him. But if I run the ball to him, it doesn't give him any, not that it matters. I mean, that was a great run. Although my fullback totally missed his block. Hey, nice block right there. Let's get a juke. Ooh, Ronnie Lott's having none of it. Nice play. There he is. There he is. Third and two. We are pounding the rock right now. Fulk is tired. So Danta Foreman's in. We have depth at the position. Fulk's ability is back activated. He knows exactly where I'm going. It doesn't seem to matter. He smelled them from a mile away and he still couldn't make a play on it. He's Marshall Fulk. Same thing here. So he's going to float to it. Now I'd be pretty much free to throw this ball to OBJ. Oh no, just kidding. He does not float to it. And I should break this, right? Oh my God, that's so hoppy. I mean, you're not guaranteed to break it, but dude, come on. Look at that animation. Second to one, he knows how I'm running it, but he's in dime. I don't think he can stop this. Yeah, darn it. I'm going to go play action here. I think he'll bite. I could probably go Metcalf. Yep. There is something so satisfying about actually utilizing play action. Like not just clicking the play because it's good, but because your opponent is genuinely biting on the run. Go Fulk. Hey. I'm going to try and get Marshall Fulk across the middle of this. Oh, he's home. He's home. What a catch.  He's insane. I take it back, man. At the start of this video, I was saying that there's a lot of good app bags, but I don't know. He might be my favorite right now. This is a really, it's really early to say that I'm going to run this. Maybe not. Oh, nice cut. Jeez, man.  Hey, don't forget, we're in the playoffs, baby. I'm going to start in even six one. This kind of gives Ray Lewis the entire middle of the field by himself. So Avalanche is already activated. If I lay one downhill hit stick, I get the ball back. That's like actually messed up. I can't get to that left side. Nice ball. Oh my God. You're not handing it off. Oh my God. I thought he just handed it off of the middle. No way you got that.  Why would you throw that? There was so much heat. Dude, Matthew Judon could smell him. And he threw that. That's bold. And he's wide open. Dan the man delivers a big joke out of the tube. Give me a block. Dan Marino is nice, man. That's a great throw. So he gets ball at half. So he's going to want to score with no time left here. Throws half. I love Ivan Pace, by the way. This guy's insane. Marino's eight for nine, two touchdowns. They, if they want three down Lyman Marshall, you say, sure bud. They don't believe in the- Oh, I don't. Matt, get vertical.  To be honest with you guys, sometimes I sit down to make these videos and I'm thinking in my head, I got to get Marshall Falk. You know, I got a ball out with him. I got a ball out with Ray Lewis. It doesn't usually go this well. This is like picture perfect. Five wide. Okay. Well, we can guess pass here. We'll put Big Cat in a flat. Oh, he throws over the middle of the Kyle pits. He'll get eight yards.  Er, no huddle.  Five minutes is way better.  Oh, way to take off. Absolutely boxed. Tyree Wilson.  Third and 16. He wants to go. That's risky. Swat, swat, swat. Fourth and 16. He's in a really tough spot here. I think I sand wheel blitz. Just don't give him enough time to throw anything that far down field. This is a massacre. Ah! Down to the six. If he sticks it out, I respect it. I'm going wild cat Marshall Falk. Take me home, baby. Take me home. Second goal. Over commit, over commit. Oh my God, he did. There's a gap. Wild cat. Football, football, I love football. Marshall Falk, wild cat touchdowns. Pee hee. Oh no. I find that bold. Big hit. Huge hit. Does he go half back? Deal. Kyle Pitts, hello. Nice play. Got to go to Barry. Yep, yep, yep. Sorry, Barry. I love you, Barry. I love you, but I had to do that to you. I'm in cover three. There's going to be a seam somewhere. Nice. Okay, we know it's a pass. It's fourth and four. Go find the corner route, Matt. Yes. Suck. Not on the Ray Lewis video. I audibly said on the corner route, I have lurk artist on. I still got boss. Oh, that hurts. Okay, that's fine. He's got to go over the middle, isn't he? Yikes. Jair Alexander, master class. Paul, don't lie. As they say, I just wish it went through Ray Lewis. That's all. No. No. I wanted to play it out. Next pack and play you sees on Thursday and I recorded it before this. So everything's going to look a little out of whack, but most importantly, after that, I think it's a Super Bowl. No, it's still the playoffs. Yeah, it's weird. There's no such thing as a buy. So even if you go five and all the game will tell you you have a buy, it's not true. So that truly was my wild card slash divisional. And this next game is truly my NFC championship. And after that would be the Super Bowl. So probably next Tuesday you'll see the NFC championship. No joke. These are the best cards I've used all year. I know I say that like every video, gotta sensationalize it, right? But yeah, boys, 90 overall. Ray Lewis, I love you.  That hit stick avalanche was too funny to end it.  I love you guys. Thanks for watching. It's always absolute heater and I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace.


This guy just wants to be cuddled by mommy. Newbies, welcome to my channel. Today, we are going to play with some toys. With the birds. Leo, are you excited? I got them all toys, they don't know about it. It's a surprise. Are you excited? Yeah. Who said this? Or do you just want the box they come in? What about you? Yeah, you just want the box, Jersey? Let's go. You think you'd be willing to come out of your box and play with some toys? But yeah, ignore that wall situation, Vinny ate it. It's kind of like a little gremlin in the box. Your tent? Guys, this is Cody's tent. His toys are in his tent. I don't know if you guys can see, but he hangs out in there. He is. He is my little baby. Rocky, you excited for some toys? Yeah, you don't like the camera? Okay, I hid the toys in here. They don't seem interested now, but maybe when they see this big bag of interesting stuff, they'll be like, what is it? Did you guys hear that? It's exciting stuff. Anybody want to take notice? Okay, you're still busy eating, that's fine. Vinny, what about you? He literally just went back in the box. I guess I'll have to play with all these fancy toys myself. My brother? Yeah, you can come play with my toys, George. So I can find here. Sounds interesting, though, doesn't it? Yeah. Somebody's coming out of the box to see what's going on. That's a good kid. Kids see Cody. Very interested in what's going on. Look, you're very finally interested. Okay, so those are for Rocky. They're like stainless steel toys. I got them at Ross. You mean they're stainless steel things that you made into toys? Yeah, they're stuff for the kitchen. I guess Rocky's a baker now. Well, I'm certainly not a baker, so when I see stuff like this, it's for the birds. Either for scooping up their food or for that. Yeah, that's for Rocky. Did I give it to him like this or did I open it? Because, I mean, this is a tough thing to open. Yeah, you're actually probably good. Look at him. He's already, already. Like, where is it? Let's see if you can open this. Rocky, do you mind opening your toy? We can't do it. He's like, huh? I have to open my own toy. Wait, jingle those bells. Do you hear the bell? This is for Jersey. Yeah, that's your favorite. So, yeah. Uh-oh, better get the tag off before she knows how much it is. Leo, you wanna get that? What are you doing? What are you doing? Rocky didn't open his toy. Maybe we need to. I'll open it. That pacifier is for Cody. He loves pacifiers. So the Wall Street Journal's my toy. Vinny, do you wanna play with a toy like this? Vinny? For Vinny, he's gonna love it. Believe it or not. Look at this. Vinny, look what I got you. You want us to put it in your house? We'll put it in your house and then you can play with it, all right? Uh-oh, he's gonna get it already. We need to put it in there for him. I know what Leo wants to play. Yeah, you like that? Vinny, look. Look what we put in there for you. You wanna go see it? Wanna play with the soccer ball? Got it in there. I just saw it. It's all the other ones, both of them. Are you placing all the toys, yeah? For Jersey? Yeah. Who loves pacifiers? Why, for like, actual measuring? Yeah, for the kitchen. Oh, I didn't know my kitchen needed that. Actually, you don't need to give him all of them. Oh, he says they're all his. They have to be hung, cause you can't, they could drop. Could separate them and make them on different toys. Vinny, have you ever thought of playing ball? Look, I saw a cockatoo just like he used to play ball. No, come here, let's play here. You have a ball accessible? Can you give me a ball before, like, he runs off? I have no balls. Ah, come here, I wanna show you the balls. All right, ready, Vinny? Put the ball down. Ah! Vinny's not interested in balls. This guy just wants to be cuddled by mommy. That's all you want? Oh my God, Cody loves toys. Look at him. Look at him, he needs all the stuff. What about you, Rocky? He's gonna break this in seconds. That's a cute trying all the toys. Things like these, where she has to put things together. It's kinda like nuts and bolts. But also, Jersey gets very interested when you take something like this and give her something like that. Because she always wants to be able to put two things together. So, with your birds that are extremely intelligent, it's always a good idea to find ways to combine things. Same thing as if I gave her a piece of cotton cloth, she would stick this through and out. Same with this, that's something that Jersey really likes to do. So, when you're thinking of toys, consider that. What kind of nonsense is going on back there? And also, think outside of the box, like how we gave Rocky some stainless steel toys that we still have to put together. If your birds like something, there's no harm in getting multiple toys. Yes, Rocky. But also, I got these. Which Rocky may really like. Do you like that? Do you like it? Again. Yeah. Do you still want them? You wanna see if he might want little Legos? Guys, you ready for this? Uh-oh. Somebody's already excited. He doesn't want the Lego, he wants the box. He doesn't care about the Lego. Look at him. You want this? No. Do you want this, Jersey? We're gonna play Legos. Look taller than you, George. What are you talking about? He likes it. He's gonna throw them all down. Hey, you know what? You should try. Uh-oh. It's happening. We lost our box. He found the tower. Uh-oh. No heater. Okay guys, Jersey was getting a little bit anxious. And so, this is actually the first time we decided to try this. It's by Christine's Chop Shop. She sent me this, a thank you for the hurricane video. Let's go see if she's still eating it. She's still eating it, okay. That's really good. It's called Birdie's calming brittle. So I hope it calms her down. She's in one of her little anxious modes. For those of you new to the channel, Jersey has some anxiety, which is why she plucks. And it's very similar to us humans that bite our nails and stuff. It's very hard to stop, even if they're in good homes or even if their lives have changed for the better. Just one of those things. What do you think, Rocky? Vinnie wasn't interested in anything till you brought this up. Wow, putting new things in the box. What are you up to? Side note, my cat is dying to be an outside cat, I think. This is what she does all day. Oh, don't forget to check out the next video in this playlist. I love you guys so, so much.


Hey everyone, quick announcement before we dive into this video. If you didn't know, Guide Point Security is kicking off an event tomorrow, September 22nd, that's going to be a super beginner-friendly capture-the-flag competition. It's all about introductory challenges aimed to get people introduced to the field. So it's for absolute newcomers or CISOs that just haven't spent time on the keyboard yet and it's going to be a ton of fun. The game is hosted and put on by Guide Point Security and powered by Storm CTF. The folks that bring capture-the-flag games to a lot of different cybersecurity conferences and offer custom training. So if you play and you really like what you see, you can definitely start the conversation and just ask them, hey, can you bring an event like this to me or to my company or to whatever you specifically are doing? You can have them build a CTF specific and tailored to you and your audience. This game specifically is going to be running every month for six months and a week at a time and it's totally free. So if you want something new, if you want something fresh, something really beginner-friendly and a lot of great foundation fundamentals to get started in the scene and if you want to jump in, you can register now online with the link in the description below. I'm really excited for it. I know Storm CTF and the guys over there are incredible and always do a great job putting on a game. So please do head over there. I'm really excited for tomorrow and I'll see you on the scoreboard. Hello, everyone. Welcome back to the YouTube video. My name is John Hammond and we are still looking at some challenges from the Down Under CTF or the capture-the-flag event that went on this past weekend. So let's hop on over to my screen and I want to showcase some of the simple web category challenges. This first one is called Legos or Legos. I don't know how to pronounce that. It says, I love pasta. I won't tell you what my special secret sauce is though and we have a link to go to this page here. So if I open that up in a new tab, I can go access it there and it says, this is my second favorite pasta sauce. This is my second favorite pasta sauce. I've safely hidden away my favorite sauce. So immediately my knee-jerk reaction on a CTF challenge is to look at the source code, especially in a web challenge, a web category. I want to look at the HTML or really what that website and that web page is made of. So as reflex, I'll hit control U on my keyboard to activate that hot key so I could view source. So like look at the HTML code. When I do that on this challenge, I get this little pop-up that says, hey, that's not allowed. Okay. That's frustrating. I thought let's try another method. If I could right-click in view source. No, that's not letting me do it either. Okay. Great. What do I do here? Can I like curl the page and like look at it? Manually. I'll fire up a terminal here and I'll just kind of curl this thing. There we go. Okay. Looks like we have the code that I could see. This is my second favorite pasta sauce. I've safely hidden my favorite sauce and there's sauce.jpeg. I guess we could download that if we really wanted to. Oh, and there's some JavaScript here. Document on key down. And these are probably the key combinations to ask me that I would press to go ahead and view the source. That's annoying. There's also a disable mouse right-click.js. Looks like it's loading that and that's probably something that I could access. I wonder actually if I, so if I hit a F12 on my keyboard to open up the developer tools, right? I can get into the inspector tab and you might have noticed that I accidentally just had the flag visible there. Script here. I can see that there's this same code that would disable what I was looking at previously. I have in the div section here, everything that I just saw via curl. I'll submit on this so you can see a little bit more. I also don't have the stuff expanded in the head tag. So let's look at that. And my favorite pasta sauce, the style. Okay, that's the CSS that we saw previously. And there's that script source for disable my mouse right-click. I could go check that out. Can I go to that? Can I click in that and go see it? I guess maybe I can go to like the debugger. Oh yeah. So in the debugger, you can look at the JavaScript code that's being ran on a particular page here. So that shall ductf in the page here has the index for what we've already seen. I'll try and make that a little bit bigger again so you can see it. And it also has that disable mouse right-click. And this probably sticks out as like a sore thumb here though. Document add listener context menu. It'll prevent that from executing and notify you. Hey, that's not allowed. So you can't right-click and get that context menu to view source. There we go. The source reveals my favorite secret sauce and there is the flag. This is kind of neat. I realized, sure, it's kind of a cheesy challenge, cheeky thing where you just are tripping over being able to view the source. And once you actually view the source, the flag is right there. Maybe that's a cool note thing just to make for your learning is, hey, this is how you can and literally can be done. Two disable right-clicking, two disable that control you. Maybe there's more learning in the creation of this challenge than there is in solving it. Totally fine by me. I think this is still kind of a good thing to showcase. So there's that flag. You can go ahead and submit that and get your points. Obviously, now that we, like even just viewing what we saw, we could read this file. Like if we were to go back to our web browser and literally access it in the URL bar, it's JavaScript. So you could just navigate to that and it's accessible client side. So there it is. And you just access that. You could curl that down if you wanted to, but that's all it really takes. No catch up, just sauce, raw sauce, numbers. Thanks guys. That was good. That was fun. That was a nice little cute one. I realized that's not enough to make a video on. So let's dive into the second challenge, web badman. This has significantly less solves than the others, though it is marked easy. And it says, we launched a game and now it is no longer launched. Can you figure out what had happened? Plaques help. We have another link here and eventually they released a hint because so many players were struggling with this thing. And I know I for one was struggling with this. Epic website one. Game status broke AF. Dude, same here. I know that feeling. Hi everyone. We just want to let you know that this website is still under development and we're trying our absolute best. You're, that's not true. You're lying to me to get it up and running, but we are running into issues and we aren't sure what's going on. Me right now. And there's this, the meme video. I'm going to turn my volume down. I'm going to play this. It puts on like this, like this bouncy, neat and cool song. And then it gets into the dude just screaming. I appreciate that. I'm grateful for that experience. Click to start blocking ads. Maybe you can't hear it, but it makes me laugh, you know? Great. Oh, and by the way, my music tastes Alex in Tokyo Rose, fantastic synth wave, new retro wave stuff and pendulum. They just released new track and I'm really excited that they're back. So that's, those are my recommended videos apparently. Anyway, here's a button, beat boop copyright 2020. I give you the source on this page. If I hit control you, I can zoom in on the source here. So you can see it, regular HTML boilerplate stuff, regular title and the style sheet is being pulled from CDN or cloud delivery network service thing. And that's a third party external resource. So that's probably not pertinent to the CTF and we don't have to care about it. There's the page body. We have an HTML comment here. You can kind of see that by that green text. It says AHRF, so an anchor tag or a link to HTTPS Epic Game Play, do you CTF? Play our new game here. Cool, okay, let's check that out. I just want to go through the rest of the source code, but nothing else really sticks out. This is all the stuff that we already read on the webpage. There's nothing new, no JavaScript, no other peculiar HTML comments. So we've got this to work with, HTTPS Epic Game Play, do you CTF? Play our new game here. Okay, I'll put up a new tab, spit that in. And we're having trouble finding that site. We can't connect the server at epicgame.play.du CTF. Does that exist? Can I like curl that page? Could not resolve host Epic Game Play, do you CTF? Does it need to be like HTTP? Are they fooling me? Does it need to be like on the specific port, the same one that we're on? No, no, no. What about vvvv, get some verbose output in there. I don't want the port in there because they mentioned literally the anchor tag and the link showcases that. And that just can't find it, it doesn't know what it is. I was stuck on this for a long time. I'll be completely honest. We were literally looking at this probably for three or four hours and we were just like, okay, what the crap, I can't solve this. I literally, you know, like I do, I would go in the Discord and I would just scroll through the chat. I'd search control F and just look for people mentioning this challenge to see if there's any like hints or anything, any oscent you can pull out from the admins of the game. And there was nothing, I didn't know what to do with this. We tried cheesy stuff. Like we would edit our et cetera host file, sudo nano et cetera host. And like maybe it would have to map to the original chow because when you go to this page, it's chow.ductf. And we could just, okay, look up that if we wanted to. We take that domain name and then if I were to like NS look up or do a dig on chow.ductf, there we have that IP address. We could try and go to that. I thought maybe that was a thing. There we go. You go in our web browser that we've set that, we could try and load that page. Now it'll start to load something, but it'll just hang. Like I'll try and curl it one more time. That just takes forever. There's just nothing there that just didn't work. And that wasn't, that wasn't what it was. I thought like, okay, what the heck? Is it just play.ductf? Is that a thing? Because that's a thing that has its own page. If I NS look up that, would that work? We'll try marking that in my et cetera host file, putting that IP address. And this is all a rabbit hole. I'm just showcasing the steps where I was stumbling and failing and not getting this to work either. When I set it to play.ductf, I was like, oh, it just brought me back to the CTF site and they're like, oh, that's useless. But I mean, it makes sense. The original thing was play.ductf. So that was wrong and that didn't work either. What the heck? I was freaking out. I didn't know what to do. I figured like, all right, let's just table it. Let's do it later. Let's solve other challenges. So I removed that from my host file and et cetera. Eventually they released a hint because so many, so few people were solving this. So you could check out the hint here and it said, boss, we're firing you. The game doesn't even load. Web badman. It was just a simple misconfiguration. I clicked the wrong button and I was still scratching my head like, what does that mean? What button do you press in deploying a web server? Like Apache Engine X is like what PHP? And I didn't know. They kept emphasizing this B, this badman. And I was like, is it something with the button? The button doesn't go anywhere. It doesn't do anything. You view the source and there's no form attached to that button. It doesn't do anything. I was tweaking out. Eventually I had a really weird thought and I correlated this in my head for a little bit. I eventually was like, there is no epic game.play.ctf. If I were to try and look up that epic game.play.ducttf, it couldn't find anything. And when you do that, when you're doing an NS lookup or you're doing a dig, okay, I guess I copied the button for some reason, you're looking at a DNS A record, right? Or the address, the IP address that this domain name will refer to. And I was like, that's funky. If there's just nothing that exists there, but that's clearly denoted in the source code as the domain that we're working with. And they keep referencing a B. They say they clicked the wrong button. They pressed the wrong button. Was it a, did they enter like a B record instead of an A record? And I was like, that's not a thing. That's not a thing. So you could dig this to do another DNS query, search for an A record, but there's nothing there, A record by default. So I thought like, oh, let's use dig.tact.t to specify a different type of record. And I'll look for a B record. That's not a thing. There's no such thing as a DNS B record. So it just returned it an A record again. And I thought like, okay, what the heck? There's gotta be something. Let me just do like a tact T any. So I slapped that in and I get a response. Epic game has an H info record. And I thought that was weird because I don't normally see that. And it's RFC 8482. What is that? Why is that there? I Googled that, looked around, tried to do some information. And I looked at this RFC or request for comments. Is that the right acronym? Defining a standard, right? The information, the document that specifies this thing is going to exist in technology. This RFC 8482 says, we will provide minimum size responses to DNS queries that have a Q type equals any. So domain name system, what we just did with dig that tact T any command, the operator of an authoritative DNS server might choose not to respond to such queries for such reasons of local policy, motivated by security performance or other reasons. And that tells me that, okay, when I request a dig tact T any or when I request any record to return as much as that DNS server could tell me, it explicitly told me it wasn't going to give me any information. I thought that's weird. I don't normally see that. I don't think that's a normal thing. So it sounded like, is it trying to purposefully hide something from me? So I thought like, all right, whatever, I'll just be like microscopic. I'll just zoom in on one specific thing that I want to look at. Give me a text record, give me a TXT record. Gosh, darn it. I saw that and I was like, I swore right out loud. I was like, F dang it. That's it, there's your flag. That right there. Wait, I'm confused. What are record types in DNS? It was just a simple text record challenge. And it was kind of nested and bundled behind a bunch of other stuff. I was like, oh, there's going to be a web challenge where I'm looking at this web page, but there's nothing on this web page. It's just a static page with an empty link. And I'm like, is this supposed to be what it is? So that threw me for a loop for a while. And that's all it took. But that was my rationale after banging my head against the wall for a long time after kind of trying hard on that. I was just like the B, some reason made me think of A and I thought that was an A record. So I went back to DNS and I tried all those things, but that's cool. And that's a learning point for me because this RFC 8482, I didn't realize you could just specify like, look, I don't want to respond to any queries for just any resource record from a DNS server. I thought that was kind of neat because I don't think I've seen that before. Like, look, I'm not going to tell you anything. Don't give me a tell me anything request. You have to specifically tell me what you want. And then when you're being that granular, when you're being that precise and explicit, then it'll give you what you're looking for. Maybe we got to write something. Maybe we got to write a tool just to be able to look for stuff. I thought earlier when I was struggling with this, like I should just run like sublister to find brute force different domain names. I mean, I don't know. But this RFC is kind of cool to note. The challenge was kind of neat. And I liked that. That was good. It was a struggle, but a simple solution in the end. Very, very cool. Alrighty, thanks so much for watching everybody. This was a blast. I hope you don't mind me talking for so much. I don't mean to make these long videos for such simple challenges, but I like to showcase my thought process and talk about really what I went through. Thanks for watching everybody. If you liked this video, please do press that like button. Maybe leave a comment. I'd love that. Maybe subscribe. I'm super duper grateful. If you like capture the flag and you enjoyed this CTF, please do register for B-Sides Boston CTF or B-Sides Boss.CTF.Games. You can go register that website right now. I'm hosting the capture the flag competition on September 26th, I think this coming Saturday. So I hope you guys play. I hope you guys enjoy. I'd love to see you there. Thanks so much for watching everybody. I love you. I'll see you in the next video.


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Colgate dental cream to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and help stop tooth decay and Palm olive shave creams for a smoother more comfortable way to shave bring you our miss brooks starring Eve Arden comedy episode of our miss Brooks under the direction of Al Lewis Well in the daily life of our miss Brooks who teaches English at Madison High School Teaching itself only takes up a portion of her time This leaves a number of free hours each day to pursue an outside interest But it doesn't leave quite enough free hours Especially since my outside interest refuses to stand still long enough for me to drop a net over him In fact lately I've even considered taking up another outside activity besides mr. Boynton Like the one my landlady began recently Mrs. Davis was quite reticent about her hobby until last Wednesday morning at breakfast when she gave me a broad hint Notice anything different about the table this morning, Connie.  Oh, of course the big bowl of apples in the center.  It's a hat Who designed it William tell No, I did you probably don't know this but years ago. I used to design hats like mad.  Never would have suspected you seem so normal in some other respects Well, I haven't had the yen in years But last week my brother Victor sent me some samples of the material his firm makes and you know my brother Victor, don't you? I've heard you speak of him quite often. He's a peculiar man Victor rather a slow-moving type of fellow But once he gets interested in something he follows right through the last couple of years He's been up to his ears in plastics. No wonder he's slow-moving But what has plastic got to do with your designing hats again, that's what they're made of I Bet you never even noticed that this is really two hats in one two in one Yes, we're in this way it looks like a bowl of apples, but when you turn it around like this, it's a sparrow Well what a novel idea if you're out with the man you like you tempt him with an apple And if your date is a drip he gets the bird I've got four of them all made up so far they should be easy to sell with mother's day coming this Sunday Well, I don't know Mrs. Davis. They're a bit unusual for popular consumption. I'm afraid Not if they're presented right Connie and that's where you come in I want you to help me sell them at school me If you sell all four of them are the debt deduct half of the back rent you owe me And it shouldn't be difficult to sell them. It isn't as if they were hard to move not if the wind is right Of course if I could reduce my debt to you that now that must be Walter Denton He's driving me down to school. Come on in Walter try to sell him one for his mother Connie I'll get into the kitchen and rustle up some goodies for Walter's inner man better get some for his outer man, too Early for me to twinkle Walter, but sit down you're gonna have a bit of breakfast with us, aren't you? Well, I might be persuaded to partake of a wee morsel if he coaxed me And if I don't coax you you couldn't be that cruel All right, then what'll it be French toast eggs griddle cake fine Walter's here vacuum the kitchen and bring in the bag He's the little giant that can eat it I don't know what's happening at home But my mother just doesn't seem to be making the breakfast she used to well, maybe she's just worn out Well, she does cook an awful lot of meals for us Of course, she does Walter and while we're on the subject how much thought have you given to her mother's day gift? Oh quite a bit and I've come up with something that should show her how grateful I am for all she's done for me I'm gonna get her a present that'll make her forget the many menial and arduous tasks She performs in my behalf. What's the present a bottle of sweet air for the kitchen The idea miss Brooks it smells I mean it smells very pleasant, of course, I'd like to get her something else too But on my allowance unless my dad chips in I couldn't afford much Walter I have a suggestion for a gift that your dad will be happy to chip in for just look at the center of this table Holy cow is it alive? Certainly not it happens to be a woman's hat a woman's hat joking nothing I'm wearing it to school this morning say that and make a wonderful Decoration for our dining room table at home a mother always likes to have something gay and colorful in the center of the table That's what I say it would make a wonderful decoration for your dining room table at home Wait up a minute miss Brooks. Who's that? It's me Tex Barton. Howdy, ma'am. Howdy, Tex You seem in a hurry ma'am why when I flagged you you was a barrel in across this campus like a doggy that just smelled a brandy knife Well, it's not that bad Although I do have to see mr. Conkin before class. Well, I Glory be to Sam Houston and hallelujah to Dave Dallas. What's up? Yes, Brooks. Have you any idea of the activity that's going on up there in the upper regions of your anatomy? What?  This is just a new style of hat a hat Well, you could have fooled me by the way mother's day is just around the corner Have you decided on the gift for your mother yet? I've been thinking a lot about that miss Brooks But it's kind of tough to figure out what it please mom. Maybe I can help you I doubt it ma'am for Christmas, Pa, and I got her some brand new riding boots and stirrups For her birthday. We got her first chaps in a steps and And for Easter we decked her out in a spanking new box of saddle soap So you see she's got just about everything a normal woman needs A normal woman who's competing in a rodeo you mean Look Tex a hat like the one I'm wearing would make a lovely gift, and it's only $10 It sure is flashy miss Brooks and Pa and I could afford that much But there's a couple of things that have to be done to it first for instance. Well, do you think you could make two holes in it? holes? Yeah, uh-huh So as her ears could come through So her ears could come through. Tex, your mother must have a very low forehead Well, I wouldn't give it to my mother miss Brooks. I'd just be getting it for my mother to give to Lucy. Lucy? She's our horse She sure will look beautiful in it. I'm sure she will Tex. You can pick up the hat of Mrs. Davis's today Today? When would be a good time ma'am? The same time you leave the $10 But daddy please be reasonable there isn't time for me to pick out your mother's day gift I didn't ask you into my office to argue Harriet I should think you'd want to see your mother receive a nice present I do daddy, and I'm getting her one with most of my allowance But your gift to her is something else again. She always expects something outstanding Obviously my dear she married me didn't she? Yes, but about other things. She's pretty particular Mind-selecting something for you, but you always insist that I find a bargain. There's nothing wrong with being frugal Harriet. It's a bit Come in Morning, Mr. Conklin. Hello Harriet. Hi, Miss Brooks. Hello, Miss Good grief something has alighted on your hair Don't stand there Harriet. Get a net. Maybe we can trap it for our nature study group It happens to be a hat mr. Conklin. It's very exciting miss Brooks Now if you'll excuse me daddy very well, but I'll talk to you later miss important. Bye miss Brooks Mr. Conklin knowing how fond of brevity you are. I'll come right to the point of my visit Some day his mother's day. How would you like to buy a hat like this for mrs. Conklin for mrs. Conklin? Yes, don't you think she deserves something like this? Well, she has been a source of great irritation on occasion No, no, I'm not interested miss Brooks if I can sell one of these hats It will help get me out of debt mr. Conklin besides. It's a real bargain. I'm sorry. I'm definitely not in Did you say a bargain miss Brooks? Yes, sir much cheaper than you can get it on the open market. Where did you get it? Let's just say I have access mr. Conklin These hats aren't hot Hottest thing in town Stolen no sir. They're not stolen Although you could call them a steal at ten dollars each ten dollars For a few apples and a small sparrow It's evident mr.  Conklin when it comes to this hat I give you my unqualified guarantee. You do absolutely believe me. She won't be caught dead in it Brush your teeth with cold Go get double cream and clean your breath water toothpaste I'll clean your teeth Colgate toothpaste in your breath water toothpaste while clean your teeth Colgate dental cream clean your breath while it cleans your teeth and the Colgate way Stops tooth decay best yes The Colgate way is the most thoroughly proved and accepted home method of oral hygiene known today Over two years research showed brushing teeth right after eating with Colgate dental cream Help stop more decay for more people than ever before reported in dentifers history The Colgate way stop tooth decay best no other dentifers a morniated or not Offers such conclusive proof and you should know that Colgate's while not mentioned by name Was the only toothpaste used in the research on tooth decay recently reported in Reader's Digest So always follow the Colgate way to clean your breath while you clean your teeth and stop tooth decay best Brush your teeth with Colgate Go get double cream it cleans your breath water toothpaste And the Colgate way stops tooth decay best Well by the time I was to meet mr. Boynton at lunch I had sold three of the four hats Mrs. Davis had made up one to Walter Denton for his mother to be used as a Table centerpiece One to Tex Barton for his horse to be used as an eye shade and One to mr. Conklin for his wife to be used of all things as a hat I Had the sample hat on when mr. Boynton came over to our table. Hello, miss Brooks. Sorry. I'm late I couldn't get here any sooner. That's all right, mr. Boynton put down your tray Thank you notice anything different about me today different Let's see Well for heaven's sake I apologize for being late You ought to go to such length to chide me about it to chide you yes after all this is a public eating place You shouldn't balance your dessert on your head Mr. Boynton this happens to be a hat I'm sorry miss Brooks. I'm afraid I dropped my cutlery.  Well, may I remind you mr. Boynton that mother's day will soon be with us. Well, so will my mother Yes, she's coming down this afternoon to stay through the weekend Unfortunately dad has to stay home on business, but mom and I are gonna have a high old time Have you made all of your plans for celebrating the holiday mr. Boynton? Yes, indeed Oh, it's it's gonna be one mad world for the both of us. I've got a four-day itinerary all mapped out Oh, what are you going to do? Well on Thursday? I thought I'd show mom the new wing of our public library Friday we'll do the Museum of Natural History and and Saturday we'll have a go at the botanical gardens Well, there's not going to be any let up in the evenings either if we're not playing chess or checkers I'll whip out the old dominoes said By the way, can you think of anything that might add to the merriment miss Brooks? Yes, but I think the morgue is closed on weekend And that is I do have a suggestion that might be quite a surprise for your mother. Oh, what is it? Why don't you get her a nice hat? You said yourself that she used to like unique hats. I'm sorry miss Brooks. I'm not interested. Oh, that's too bad Mr. Boynton, it's a real bargain. I'd like to get her something of course, but this is just out of Did you say a bargain? Never misses Where did you get the hat miss Brooks? The truth is I'm disposing of them for mrs. Davis. They're only $10 a piece $10 a piece. Get your jaw out of the potatoes and I'll make it I guess we could arrive at some sort of a deal miss Brooks, but there's one thing of which I must be certain What's that? Well that my mother doesn't see any other woman wearing a hat like it Moms are fanatic on individualized apparel. I'll sell her the very one. I'm modeling today. Mr. Boynton Bring her over to my place about 8 30 tonight and we'll surprise her with it All right, but you're sure now that she'll be the only woman to have this particular hat While she's in town your mother will be the only woman seen wearing this particular hat Good I'm gonna get myself some dessert now miss Brooks. Would you like me to bring something back for you? Yes, I would mr. Boynton. I'd like a coke the five cents size will do Very well That's all I want right now, mr. Boynton Okay Here I'll just be a minute miss Brooks Take your time sporty Somebody's got to teach him that money isn't everything especially my money Oh Hello, miss Brooks. I thought I'd find you here. May I speak with you for a moment? Oh, of course mr. Conklin Thank you. Thank you now about that hat. I agreed to buy for my wife I want it to be a complete surprise. She mustn't see it until Sunday. I'll say she mustn't I mean it It wouldn't be a surprise if she did now there's one important factor We overlooked in our discussion this morning miss Brooks. I neglected to give you my wife's measurement Well, I'll take them right now. How far apart are your wife's ears?  Well, I don't know but I'll find out this afternoon and check with you at home this evening What would be a good time after midnight? Any time sir any time at all now you must have many more important things to do and I'll be happy to excuse you sir If you really have to dash away, I know how those things are I don't know what to do. I don't know what to do. I don't know what to do. I don't know what to do I don't know what these crazy things are. I've had things to do myself. I'm expecting someone I don't quite comprehend this conversational Saint Vitus dance you're enirement But if you're always this nervous during mealtime, it's one do you haven't gotten Elsa? Oh, I had an Elsa, Mr Con scrunch. And I had a nice big one Two years after I began teaching school you did. How did you get rid of it? I just couldn't afford to keep it I don't know what you're so jittery about Connie. Everything's gone swimmingly so far. Walter Denton picked up the hat for his mother during lunch period. I know Mrs. Davis. But Kate Spartan came over right after school to get the specially prepared one you phoned me about. Mike, goodness but his mother must have long ears. You won't see his mother's mane. I mean, those aren't the ones I'm jittery about. It's Mr. Conklin and Mr. Boynton. I promised them both that they were buying a completely original creation. Well, they are that, Connie. The fact that they're identical shouldn't bother you. After all, Mrs. Boynton will be leaving town right after Mother's Day. Yes, but Mr. Boynton's bringing her here tonight to pick it up and Mr. Conklin will want his wife's hat as soon as he gives me her measurement. But if he runs into Mrs. Boynton anywhere before Sunday... Now, now, calm down, dear, calm down. When do you expect the Boynton? Now! Now? Well, I'll go make some tea and you let them in. Mrs. Boynton's hat is right on the hall table, Connie. Thanks. Well, here we are, Miss Brutes. You remember my mother. I'll never forget her. Hello, Mrs. Boynton. Come in for a second. How are you, Connie? It's been ages since I've seen you. Oh, Mom couldn't wait to see your surprise, Miss Brutes. Oh, then I'll get it for her right away. Meanwhile, just help yourself to some fruit on this hall table. That is, as soon as the sparrow gets through helping himself. That is, here's your new hat. How do you like it? Well, it's certainly different. Oh, I knew you'd love it. Well, now that you've seen it, I don't want to keep you and Mr. Boynton another minute. You must have lots to talk over, so don't stand on ceremonies. Just have a ride along and I'll see you later in the week. Bye. Well, really, no great rush, Miss Brutes. As a matter of fact, Phillip suggested that we might spend the evening with you. Oops. I told Mom you'd jump at the idea. I thought we'd play a few games of checkers, Connie. I'll never forget how exciting it was the last time we played. There was one crowning after another. You ain't seen nothing yet. But I'm afraid I can't ask you to stay for checkers, Mrs. Boynton. Mrs. Davis has a splitting headache. But Miss Brooks, how could a game of checkers disturb Mrs. Davis? Please, Mr. Boynton, if you were lying down with a headache, how would you like to hear someone constantly jumping in the next room? Well, you'll just excuse me. That's the doorbell, isn't it? Maybe Miss Brooks has another engagement, Phillip. Perhaps we'd better be leaving. I wouldn't think of letting you budge from this house. Mr.  Here, take it with you, dear. There's a wonderful mirror near the piano. Well, if you're sure. Never been sure. Go along, Mr. Boynton. Very well. It's right this way, Mother. Walter, what are you doing here? It's 12 hours until breakfast. Back, Miss Brooks. Aren't you going to ask me in? Not if I can help it. Well, I'll only be a minute. It's important. All right, but please hurry. What's the trouble, Walter? Well, I showed my dad this hat you sold us for a centerpiece, Miss Brooks. And he didn't like it? Well, he's crazy about it. But he wants a slight change made. He says if you'll wire it up so he can use it as a lamp, he'll give you an extra $3. If he'll make it $5, I'll put it in a motor and he can drive it to work. Please, Walter, would you... Get into the dining room immediately. Take the hat with you quick. Yeah, but, Mr... I'll explain later. Get going. Okay, but I wish I knew what was happening here. Good evening, Miss Brooks. Well, I've got my wife's head measurements on this sheet of paper. Thanks, Mr. Conflin. Good night. Just a moment, there are a few things I have to tell you. Yes, sir. Come in. I got these measurements from the milliner with whom my wife does quite a large business. Oh, pardon me, but... Mom would like a drink of water. Oh, hello, Mr. Conflin. Oh, hello, Walter. I'll get it myself if you'll just tell me... Oh, I didn't know someone was with you, Connie. Oh, there isn't. It's just Mr. Conflin. This is Mrs. Boynton, Mr. Conflin. How do you do, Miss? What is she doing with my wife's hat on her head? Your wife's hat, Mr. Conflin? Philip, you didn't buy me the same hat Mr. Conflin bought for his wife, did you? Oh, I didn't intend to, Mother. Miss Brooks, what seems to have happened? Shouldn't happen to a sparrow. Look, folks, there's been a slight mix-up, but I'm sure it'll come out all right by Mother's Day. After all, there are only two of you wearing the hat, and you won't be seen together any place. Well, that's true enough. You do have a point there. There's no error in that dining room, Miss Brooks. I... I didn't know you had company. Oh, this is Walter Denton, one of our pupil's mother. Walter, this is my mother. Glad to know you, Walter. Same here, Mrs. Boynton. I... say, what are you doing with my mother's centerpiece on your head? Your mother's centerpiece? Your mother's centerpiece, Denton? Oh, hello, Mr. Conklin. Yeah, my dad and I are going to have a change into a lamp before we give it to her, though. See, we'll put the wire right through here, and then we'll... So, Miss Brooks, my wife and Mrs. Boynton are the only two people with these original creations. I'd give a lot to know just who else is wearing these assembly-line specials. Is that? It sounded like a horse. That's just what it is, our milkman's horse. You see, the milkman is sick, so the horse is making the rounds alone. Oh, cream today, Lucy. She's very clever. He must be, to ring the doorbell by herself. Miss Brooks opened the door. Yes, sir. Howdy, Miss Brooks. Lucy and I were just a lopin' by, and thought I'd show you how nice she looks in her new bonny. But, Tex, you shouldn't have brought her right up to the front door like this. What is going on here? Why is this beast sticking her head? Oh, God! They got the same hat she sold me for Lucy, Miss Brooks? Yes, Tex, but it... If I'd have known that, I'd have never bought it. Lucy's a fanatic on individualized apparel, I know. Miss Brooks, just what do you propose to do about these hats? I'm going to take them out to our backyard and put them up in a tree. A tree? Yes, these hats are strictly for the bird. Now, the case of the close scrape featuring Arthur Griffin male carrier. Here's what Mr. Griffin told us. Listen, here's exactly what happened. Shaving was just one close scrape after another for me, and then I discovered palm olive lather shave cream and a new different way to shave. Palm olive's oceans of rich thick lather ended my worries about scrapes, burns, and nicks. Why, even in cold or hard water, that palm olive lather way is super smooth, super comfortable. Take Arthur Griffin's advice, men. The new palm olive lather way gets beards really soft, and it provides a protective film that actually floats your razor's cutting edge. You get a clean, close shave every time without worry about scraping or nicking, even in cold or hard water. Arthur Griffin and 1,200 other men tested palm olive lather cream following package directions, and three out of four reported smoother, more comfortable shaves, the palm olive shave cream way. No matter how they shave before, better get palm olive lather shave cream. Remember, even in cold or hard water, the palm olive lather way means smoother, more comfortable shaves. Now, once again, here is Eve Arden. What would you do to protect your family and yourself in case of a sudden atom bomb attack? It may never happen, but it could. Remember, you can survive an atom bomb attack if you know what to do. Get a copy of the official air raid instructions from your local civil defense organization, or write to superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., and closing five cents in coin or stance. Learn the instructions by heart, and see that everyone in your family does too. Be smart, be prepared.  Our Miss Brooks, starring Eve Arden, is produced by Larry Burns, written by Al Lewis and Arthur Aldsburg with the music of Wilbur Hatch. For this, with Marvellous Vell V-E-L, you can save 90% of dish washing work. A quick soak in Vell's suds gets dishes and glassware shiny clean, even if a bit of food should cling. A touch with a dishcloth gets rid of it fast. Yes, Vells activated suds, lift off and carry away food and grease. So all dishes need is a quick rinse and they dry sparkling without washing or wiping. All pots and pans need is a soaking with Vell's suds. Then you can wash them shiny clean without hard scouring. What's more, Vell is a miracle of mildness. So get new Vell. Save 90% of dish washing work. Our Miss Brooks came to you transcribed.