Good morning traders. Welcome to the Traders Lab. I'm your host, Tom B. Thanks for stopping by today to the lab. We have a lot to discuss today, a lot of activity and rotations. I'm not going to spend much time other than to let you know. Thanks for visiting the Trader Lab. This stream is about integrating book map or flow tools with auction market theory laid on top of the chassis of the volume profile. The stream is based on participant behavior, how the market works, why it does what it does and how, at times might get in alignment with it. In addition, the Trader Lab is a community of traders with the goal of creating a business in trading. The trading business is quite different than what most of us think it is. It is not a prediction business, it is very much a gaming business. Gaming meaning a statistically based business. And if you think of gaming, always the comparison is casinos. And a casino only plays games that have a statistical or vetted edge. That means they play the game exactly the same way. They don't make it up. They don't get emotionally attached to the outcome. They just play the games. They play the games exactly the same way. The reason is that they can only extract the dollars from the gamblers by being consistent. The gamblers on the other side are not. And they're constantly tweaking and changing their game and their play in order to gain an edge. The reality is that gamblers do walk out with cash just like traders who have no edge, have winning trades. However, over time it is the consistent process that has a statistical edge just like the casinos operate that extracts the dollars from the gamblers. So if we can accept that we are in a random environment where we don't have control over the other participants, then it's a matter really of only interacting with the participants or the gamblers depending how you determine that and trading with these edges and developing a understanding that the gamblers do win. And like the casinos, when the gamblers walk out with cash, how do they see it? Cost of production and overhead. That is the business of trading. Now you may want it to be something else and I understand completely. However, the business of trading is very much statistics and that's what the Trader Lab is built on. And the Trader Lab is a community of like-minded traders who've come together and you're all welcome to visit Trader Lab, take advantage of the no cost education and a lot of additional education and support. Let's take care of business. General disclosure, all book map limited materials, information and presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice or recommendations. Risk disclosure, trading futures, equities and digital currencies involves substantial risk of losses and not suitable for all investors. Past performance not necessarily addictive of future results. Please remember this is not a trade calling room unless we get into real time and then we'll observe potential behavior and these are never trade recommendations. You have to vet these ideas for yourself. This is the RTH Open. Now you guys know we've had wild volatility in here because of the geopolitical situations. You are aware of that. I'm not going to go into it. Needless to say, the market did the Alcapocco cliff dive in a big way overnight and now we're back inside. We were tested inside of yesterday's range and now we're outside of it again. In the trader lab, we have something called structured trade and the idea of a structured trade is to operate as a template. So you have something to create conditional processes. Remember this structure trades are really ideas that you can reverse engineer. There's not one way to do this. There's not necessarily a right way to do it. But if you want to build out the business of trading, it starts with a template, a template of understanding market mechanics. How does the market work? What is this that we're trying to do? What are the mechanics of it? Why does it even exist? Why does the market go up and down and rotate? Well, if you want to get an equation other than gaming, the other equation in this is shopping. Because the market is shopping or the participants are shopping to try to identify what's too high, what is too low and what's a fair price. And this process takes place in something that I call fractals, not time. The market is not operating on the clock other than certain elements like the open the close, EU close, things of this nature, you know, lunchtime when the volume gets thinner, the book thins out, the market has less resistance to movement because there's less passive orders. And we'll talk about these things. The stream time I have is very limited. So I'm gonna try to just cover as much as I can. And if it doesn't make sense, guys, you're all invited to TraderLab. There's a link in the bottom of YouTube. Also, I look at your questions, but I cannot look at them while I am streaming. So that because they get covered up by my other charts. Currently, we are on the short side as you guys know if you're in TraderLab. And if you're in TraderLab, I in real time, I do narrate the behaviors. But I do not call traits. The whole point of TraderLab is to educate traders. And of course, there's no cost. So let's look at the first idea here. So this is the RTH open. Here's yesterday's close. Can you guys confirm that yesterday's naked volume point of control was around 40 ish here? Is that correct? TraderLab? TraderLab? Can I get a confirmation on this? You have 50? This must be a stale one, I guess. Is that correct guys? This 40 is a stale naked VPock? Is that right? Yeah. Okay, thanks. Thank you. Okay. Sorry, guys. This is my streaming setup here. It's not my trading rig, as we say. Okay, sorry. RTH open. So what do we anticipate here? There's a couple of things. Let's take a look. Yesterday's low potential target. This is retail from yesterday. In other words, what's retail think shopping highest volume from yesterday's RTH. Yesterday's low. We're opening here. So what are the possibilities? Take a yesterday's low or come over here and check high volume. What why is high volume important? Now this is called auction market theory and let's go back to our shopping. High volume is where most of the transactions take place. So think of it like retail in the store and a tune is a dollar. If tuna goes on sale, 75 cents. And it's $1 here. And then it goes up to $1.50. What will happen is the market will tend to rotate $1.50. I'm not paying that $1 high volume. And then 75 cents that's on sale. But the sellers don't keep it down there. And then the price will come back to retail. This is shopping, right? Well, the market operates the same way. But it does it in real time in all different locations. Because what's going to happen is in let's say this location, they'll be shopping. And if the price is not priced right, the participants or the shoppers are going to leave this location and maybe move to a different one and then do the same thing. This is we see these behaviors as a consolidation. So let's move forward. Okay. So this was retail from yesterday. So maybe I'm just going to say maybe it's on sale here. And we might check this. Or that is too high. I'm giving you the or is because we don't know if that's too high. And now we're going to reject that we may come down first to find too low before we come back. I hope you like all the possibilities. And there's more. He said, really, there's more. Yeah, there's more. This is the ETH high. It has a high probability of getting tested during the RTA session. So we have yesterday's low, high probability, we have ETH high. And we happen to know the ETH low is out is across the continent, someplace else. So the odds of taking the ETH low while possible are not probable. So what is that set up? Yesterday's low, this and this. So let's start. One second, please. By the way, how we do it in YouTube, are you guys following? Okay, let's go. So 830 central RTH open yellow line is called the developing volume point of control. This is the heat map shows us resting liquidity, the passive side in the order book. These are Delta. You can see it over here. And this all starts. So you know, this is showing the volume starting at RTH open, this is showing the same thing, except it will only show what's on the visible on the chart. And this resets also at RTH open. So this volume is what's right here. This Delta is everything that's currently on the screen. So if I pull in the ETH, you'll see there's more Delta, but not more of this. Oh, here we go. Market opens. There's my buyers. That's nice. Watch the Delta. Delta is a representation of aggressor. You guys know it's also in an imperfect pool, because it also includes stops that become market order. So in theory, a buy stop is an aggressor, right? As far as Delta is concerned. So if we're going to look at Delta, we want to think of it as an indication of behavior. What happened here? Buyer here. Seller. If there was buyers here, they got absorbed. This creates your downside rotation. This yellow line is called developing volume point of control it resets at zero. I take time here because this lays out the whole basis of how you might read the market. I don't use indicators so, you know, so if volume is retail, then as this moves down, it's suggesting price and volume are moving together. So let's watch price and volume. What does it say here? Maybe that's too high. The retail price liquidity comes into the book. That has a tendency. Think of it like a hand pushing down to create potentially a downside rotation and you know, liquidities like a banana peel, they pull and so it's not something you can actually base a decision on, in my opinion, but you can base it on the behavior. So what let's talk about what's going on here. Too high. There's the test. This is micro structured. You would learn about this in the trader lab. And I'm not recommending anything. I'm just sharing with you processes that are auction based. Because I have no indicator to tell me, oh, where do I, if I'm going to get short, where do I want to get short here or here? Not down there. And why? Yesterday's low. So let's say so this is a short. Now here's the other part. And I always put this I always talk about this in trader lab. This is the opening swing high. What's here stops. If I get my sellers. And who knows to where this is part of the joy. And I come back across. Now it sets this up. So I already know, based on trader lab processes that I'm going to be getting short to who knows where, because I can't predict, remember random. And then if I get a buyer here, then I know these sellers, this delta is going to be trapped. And they become the fuel to take us up here. So that's what I know starting out. So let's watch. So take a short, get a scale. And this is not recommendations just watch the behavior. So price check, too high. Price check. There's a test. Break. Too high. I need to clear these buyers now. So now so let's watch. I take these guys out. I have my sellers here. These guys, and there's a buy iceberg, they get stuck. We come back. What do we do? We test. Remember, too high. Too high. Too high. So watch the rotations. So too high. Too high. Too high rotation. Too high. These are structured trades in the trade lab. These are all shorts. Too high. Seller. Come back and check. Too high. Don't forget. Too high. Too high. V pock migration. No buyers. Mid V WAP. Short. Short. These are all trader lab. Okay. Where are we going? Who knows? Anybody know? I don't know. Do you know? Maybe let me know if you know. Watch. Now what? Hang it out. Have it a good time thinking. Yeah, feed up on the desk. Huh. But let's look. Let's look. So look at the behavior. Buyers trapped. They're absorbed. How do I know? They didn't go anywhere. Buyers. No bueno. V pock. High volume node. I'm not paying that. Are you sure? Yeah. See you later. Buyers. They try. These guys are trapped. This is order flow. This volume is a cap. Too high. I come down. I see my buyers again. Of course, I'm sitting here going, are these guys going to push the shorts out? Right? This is resistance. There's my seller. Uh-oh. Are they going to get squeezed or are they taking over? What do they do? These buyers and these buyers now. It's a fight. It's always a shootout. Bang. Buyers try again. So let's look at our buyers. Trapped here. Unless, of course, they push the sellers out. Sellers. Buyers here. No bueno. New retail price. I'm not paying that down here. We're not getting above here. Where's the buyers? Sellers. Now what? Do the buyers come in? Do they get absorbed? Iceberg absorbs here. We come under here. Continuation. Lovely. Have a great time. Now let me show you where it changes. Is everybody tracking? Is this too much minutia or is this useful? Help me with that. How are we doing in YouTube guys? Just want to make sure you're getting something out of this. If it's too micro, let me know. I can get to the broader strokes. So you guys know what I'm trying to do here. I trade with statistics. So this is my target, right? So you know it was either up or down. I know and you're going to go, wow, you could have figured out that without talking to me. But you know what? I know what it might do. I don't know what it will do. I cannot predict anything. I'm not in the prediction business. I'm in the alignment business. But I know what can happen. I don't know what will happen. So once I get a sense of direction, and these are structured trades that you are available to everyone at no cost in the bookmap discord trade lab chat, you take these and then you reverse engineer them. And the thing in trading is you got to accept that you know you don't know it's a write this down. It's a random environment. Most of us come into this business looking for certainty and looking for a red light green light process. And that's where indicators kind of, you know, get become part of the mix. But the trading is not an indicator business. It is really understanding how the market works. Once you can do this without indicators, or at least learn market mechanics, you can then align indicators with it. But now the market's going down. Where does your indicator tell you that something might change? Let's look right here. So selling, selling, selling. I see buying here. Okay. I see a buyer. I see a buyer right here. I see a selling iceberg. It's looking okay to me. I see a rotation. Now what do I have? I have buyers here. No, I don't know. Right? You think I know? I'm clueless. Now I see the rotation. Where was my last sellers up here in this volume? Let me take you to microstructure. You might find this interesting. So all of this is microstructure. In other words, buyer didn't get any love. Seller volume, break low. Watch. This is micro volume. Right there. I'm in a fractal now. Going into the, I wouldn't call it the scalpateria, but I'm with a scalpel. I'm getting down the mic. I can go further down, but let's just keep it here. Buyer fails. So I got my seller. I've got my volume. I got my buyer delta. No bueno. There's my volume. No buyers above. When I, there are buyers and sellers in all of this, by the way, when I mean buyer, I mean a motivated buyer. Seller, this volume now might be underlined right here. Too high. Break low microstructure. The base of the volume is there. Test. No buyer. Break low. Seller. Volume. Not absorbed. Well, it is absorbed, but where's my buyer? Nada. Don't know. Managing the trade. If it's part of your process, break low. Trailing stop. Down we fall. Feeling good, Lewis. Buying iceberg here. That's nice to know. Five sell stops going off. That's not a lot of selling. We know there's stops under here, which is the target. Let's watch. Buyers selling iceberg. Watch. The volume now is here. So I've got a buyer. I've got volume. I get my break high and I get my buyer. And it's like warning Will Robinson moment. Why? There's my volume. Let's go back up here. There's my volume. Too high. Break, break, break south, south, south. What's the opposite behavior? Here's my volume. And what else is this? Let me take you back to the basic concept. Hold on. I just want to isolate this so you could kind of see it. I'm not paying that. Yeah, but it's on sale. Now you got to be kidding me. Retail. Leave the store. I'm out of here. Move to a different area. See how it works? Now we're consolidating. Same process. Here's retails. Is this too low or is it too high? Oh, it's on sale. I'm not paying that. Yeah, but it's a great deal down here. You got to be kidding. Oh, change. Buyer. Is he stuck? Is this guy stuck? Let's check the volume. Let's be sure about this. There's no sure. I mean to say it's shoppers. You know how it is. You go shopping. Where's my volume? Here. Where's my buyer? Here. Buyer above it. Warning. Pull back and test. There's my seller. And here's the, as they say, the coup de gras. High volume absorption. There's the absorption detector. So I get my buyers. They get stuck. I get my seller. We're looking for the continuation. If we don't clear this volume and we see the absorption, these guys potentially are going to get abused long. So for me, short deteriora. They're in the headlights moment. I see absorption. I see here these sellers got nailed. We pull back and check. There's nothing below here. There's the buyers. There's no sellers. The buyers are here. The buyers are here. See you later. Long to where? To there. And there's more. Now before I go on and I appreciate your patience with this, but I want to be sure you can see how an auction works and how structured trades and the ability to use an order flow tool combined. I call this the tip of the spear. Can maybe help you develop an edge and become consistent because let's remember this. The market is not consistent. And what was my target? You're going to find this interesting. So what I do and it's not a recommendation is, you know, I just so it was a short to here, covered it, got long and then I'm going here and where else would I go? There's a couple targets, but let me show them to you. And by the way, if you don't, if you think I don't take stops, please, I take more than most probably. Where's my next target? Here. Why? You're going to say how? Well, it could be anything. You know, this is called mean reversion. This is the nature of this. So we go directional early. Then we run out of, you know, and we failed to get under here, which who knows, right? Remember, you don't know. It's a target, but here's where I see the change. So I reverse, cover my short. I'm coming back to this. The context has gone from directional down, even though it is down, to mean reversion. And that is to take these guys out, write this down. The market goes up to go down. The market goes down to go up. If the first trade is down and these sellers are now on the hook is the term, we don't get this and we know their sell stop is going to be under here, but you know what? Everybody else knows it too. Write this down. Think like a retail trader. Don't act like one. As soon as I see the opposing force, I am out of the short. Now, I risk, of course, that it might just come back to mid and then continue down. And I'm not going to go into how I personally operate. I want you to see the broad stroke because I might be someone who gets out here and puts it right back on again. I mean, that's not what most should do. What most traders ought to be doing is going for the broad stroke because this is what teaches you discipline and an understanding of market mechanics in a fractal that you're comfortable with. I always like to refer to my friend Rod who's in the trader lab. He puts a trade on and he goes to lunch. Or I think he really takes a nap. He just wants us to think he's going to the gym, but his timeframe is different than mine. And this is what's so neat about trader lab is there's not a right way. What is the right way? If you understand how the market works, you're going to find, I call it your groove.  For me, you know, I can be short here, short here, short here, cover here, get long, get short. It doesn't matter. Other traders are just going to put one trade on and use a trailing stop or trade management process. I'm very active. I don't recommend it for anybody. I've been trading going on for, it is 44 years now. So I think I have a little different perspective on this. But so this is a target here. So now watch. So I'm out of the trade. Okay, the long, but what do I have? Let's go back. This and this for targets. So I'm out. What do I do now? You're saying, let's see. Now this is a stop sweep and these sellers got absorbed. So right here, I want to see the behavior. I'm also at a location and I also have this as a target. So I need to get long somewhere, right? So right here, I get VPAC migration. This is the opposite behavior of what this was all about, right? Where are these short, short shorts? So right here, I get this. I get my migration. It pulls back. I take a long here. Watch. Absorption here. I did not get scaled. I got taken out, okay? I took, that was my first stop. Well, that's not quite. Let me, I take other stops, but they're different because I'm in a different time frame. But in the structured trade, this is a stop for me, okay? So what do I know? Let's come back to what I know. So I'm going for this and look what we did. We got it. So for me, and I had absorption here. So this, now, let me just see where it was. Yeah, I got taken out of this and this was target, but I got, I just didn't trade it well. I'm just telling you, I didn't do such a good job at this thing, you know? Because that's the obstacle. And then this is the next target. So I just, I looked at that and, you know what, I make errors, you know? So I got taken out of the trade. Just terrible. Really annoyed. So what do I know? These buyers got absorbed, there it is, at the liquidity, at the target. So I took that stop and I, you know, have some choice words for the guy who's operating the mouse over here. But I know here was too low. So I'm looking now at this location and I'm looking, I'm just looking now for location. This is what I know was too low. So I know, and let me take you into something else. Now there's multi pieces to this and you don't have to be doing, and I don't recommend anybody does what I do at all. If this is a consolidation now, and let's look at it too low, too high, and how does this show up in a profile? Too high, too low, outside edge, down here. Okay? So right now the volume, we've left this distribution behind and this is an outside edge. So the market can come down, I mean it can do anything, right? So I'm looking at this and I'm saying, well I want to get long because I don't think the overnight low is on the horizon. I mean maybe it is, but I want to get long for my overnight stat. This, so this is my target. So I'm looking at this, I'm saying, well that's a decent trade and I got liquids in the book. This, so I have a confluence here. So I'm looking for the long. Let's look. Coming outside, this high volume, remember we rejected it was too low. Let's just see what goes on here. Absorption was here, that high volume, let's come back to it, was here, here, what's the test, and then here. So we're looking at this. So, oh now what? I forgot all about it. He was. I don't want to confuse you guys. I ended up taking a short. I forgot all about it. Now these, there's a couple ways you can play this. If this is too high, then you can sell this. So I took a long, took a stop. I put the short on because this is too high and these buyers could not take it back above. They were absorbed. There's my seller. So I took another short and I'm going back for this. So you know. I figured, here's why. Sell stops, sell stops. Looking to take those these guys out. So I'm still back on this. Why? Because I got that. Now I still have this. So what I'm doing is I'm trading because of what happened here. That sets up the short. So I took a stop, you know, and I didn't trade it well. But once I recognized these guys trapped, that I was looking for a rotation for other trapped buyers, which is here. So there's my selling. There's my check of these trapped buyers, microstructure under the VPOC short, scaled, going to take this, going for this overnight volume point of control. Why? This was retail from yesterday, high volume. I'm not paying that. This is retail from ETH and it's under yesterday's low. So I know there's stops here because they've been defending it, right? Let's put the logic together. And I know if I get under here, I'm going for this. That's all I know. So that's why the short messed up the long. So I get a scale. I'm looking for it to break. And what do I get? I get the buyers right here. Come back up. I see the sellers. Watch. The buyers are here. The buyers are here. The buyers are here. And I'm thinking, well, thinking is suspecting that they're going to get taken out. Pull back to the variable high volume node. Right there. Let's see what happens. So buyers, sellers in here, buyers trapped here, can we get above this? So here's what happens. Cover. And this is not in your game. Then it's not your thing. Once we fail this, then I'm looking at, okay, these guys now might be on the hook. And then I'm turning the barge around and I'm coming back for this and for that. So what I ended up doing was getting long. Now I'm not saying you guys should do this. Probably shouldn't be talking about this. Go in there. And I posted this in the trailer. Then you ask, now what? Let's look. Overnight high. That's a statistical target. You can see I'm going for targets, but I'm also getting spun around because I'm trying to get in alignment. I was going for this with a target of that. Nothing wrong with that. So the short, the long, the long here, slapped, the short, scaled, exit, the long, back to here. Now, this is a short watch. And there's a specific name for this behavior, by the way, this rotational train. It's called mean reversion. So let's go, hold on a second here. Hold on. I got all this racket going off here. I got a, I see the markets going down. Oh, what a surprise. One moment.  One moment. And I got to get your chats back. Do you have any questions, by the way? Are you getting some out of this? Because this might be too much.  And I don't recommend it. So let's look here. Now we're going to look at BookMap and we're going to look at auction market. So what is this? ETH high. Statistically, high probability. Target. Exit. You know, okay. So here's my buyer. Let's look at how BookMap helps us now. And now an auction market theory helps us in statistics. Remember, this is gaming theory. This is not indicators. I have no indicators. So what, what am I doing? I'm just reading, you know, the, I'm following the yellow brick road. I think that's one. I always kind of call it that. So market comes up to target. Flat. And now I also know it could go to, you know, it could go wherever it wants to go. I have nothing to do with that. I just trade to statistics because I'm not smart enough to do much else. I just follow and I don't care because there's so many trades that's set up subject to the fractal you operate in. It just doesn't matter. So let's look right here. Look at the buyers. 317 stops. We have a stop sweep and we have absorption. All this is absorption. These buyers are being absorbed by the sell side. So that's important. So right here I'm looking at this and I'm saying right here is a potential short.  So I have the buyers. I see them absorbed. So let's look at this. The liquidity was waiting for these guys. And we point, I pointed that out quite a while ago, right? Who knows, right? We're all, it's all a mystery. Here's a buyer absorption. So what I have here is sellers took on these buyers. I get buyers again and there's another seller in here. It's icebergs, icebergs. Watch. So, and I'm going, when I'm looking at this, I might, you know, it's kind of like I'm in that, maybe, you know, because that's all it is. So what do I get here? Volume, delta, because the buyers are here, micro high volume structure and absorption. So who absorbs? The passive side absorbs the aggressor. Who are the aggressors? Buyers, right? And buy stops are aggressors. See? And then I'm up here and where's my stops? I got nothing going on here. It's like, where's my buyers? Where's my stops?  Got to clear this to go higher. So I'm going to go to micro structure. Buyers here do not clear these guys. Micro high volume. This is a trigger. Let's look at it. There's lack of buying. I get buyers here. Do they continue? No. Micro high volume structure. Test, test, break, sell trigger, trader lab, structured trade. Short. And you say, really? Yeah. And where are we trying to go? Back here. Mean reversion. So this is called mean reversion. It is outside in trading. Now, and I got my target. And again, I don't know. So I get my target. If this is too high and I can see the absorption and I can see the buyers got trapped up here. I get a trader lab trigger at a structured location. This is called structured trading. Bookmap identifies and aligns with the location and the liquidity. You can see all the pieces. Micro high volume, trigger, test. It's a short here or a short here. Stop is here. Subject two. Then you're coming back for this or wherever or here.  Let's watch. So you can see the target. You can see the bounce. Where does it come? You ask. That's too high. Now for me, well it doesn't matter what I do.  Let's look at this. Here I'm seeing the sellers. Right here I see the buyers. The buyers are absorbed by the selling iceberg. What I want to see is this. Right? These guys, these buyers down here get stuffed. What happens? They absorb this seller. This is how I interpret this. So there's a buyer and a seller. Right? If the seller absorbs these guys, we're going to go down. If the buyers absorb this seller and then we move above it, we're going higher. So that for me is a trade management opportunity if it's part of my plan. See. So now what? Remember this. So too high, too low. This is the mean. We bounce off it. And remember we got stops at the low of the day. If I don't come back above this, then what's hoping? Potentially the low of the day. Yesterday's low. So let's look. So right here you can see the buyers take over.  So the sellers in this leg now get squeezed. The market is rotational, you know, and it's a function of time frame. So I get my buyers here. Look where we come back. Let's just see. Can you see it? Where did we come back? And where is it? Out here. Outside edge. I'm not paying that. And we know this was too high. What is this set up? You ask. Now, what do we see? Let's look. Buyers sell iceberg. Now you got the same thing here. Buyers sell iceberg. Same thing. Buyers, sellers, these guys are trapped. Now I'm not suggesting anybody do this. This is a potential short here. I think I I think I took this and I didn't get scaled. And as soon as these guys got stuck and I saw the buyers, I bailed out of it. I'm just telling you. Comes up here. I get the same structure. I'm not recommending anybody trade like this. It's just something I do. I get this. I see another iceberg. Same behavior. Buyers are here. There's my seller. Here's my volume. No buyers. There's my seller. Let's watch. Let's just see what it does. So this is where my buyers are. So I'm trying to remember what. What I do and this is something that you might at some point deal with. Now I'm trading in a very tight fractals. It's not necessary.  I'm not suggesting anybody do what I do. I think it's very hard for developing traders to do that. I know it is. So right here I see the selling and remember where my structure is. It's this over here. So just look at it. So right here buyers get trapped. Buyers are over here. Trapped. Trapped. Seller. So this sets up a short. Very two-sided trade. And where am I going again? Overnight volume point of control. I'm sorry yesterday's low and this was the target. Remember that was the target. Out. So that's just a sequence. I don't know if I should keep going with this. Maybe I can get into. And by the way V epoch migration. What is this setup? A short off of here. I'm just going to give you the broad stroke. Now and then potentially lower. Once you come back under here it sets up potentially lower. What did it do? Where are we? I don't even know where we are. So this. So if you for example if you take this. These are short. So short. Short. Buyers got stopped here. There's the absorption. There's the liquidity. Sets up a short. They are trapped. There's the test. There's absorption here. Subject to how you trade. You could right here and you see the buyers. You could be out of it. Comes back here. You see the buyers. It could be another short. What's your time frame? Not recommending it. I'm just sharing. Where are we? So you could be operating like from here back to here. Sell it again. To here. Hold it or exit here. You know whatever you decide. And you could be looking at where the trapped participants are and manage your trades from the trap. So if this is the trap. These guys are under the bus. These buyers. You see these buyers. They go. Then we have this. So your stop could be above here. Or when you get the absorption and the rotation you could exit it. Then you're looking at this and this and this. These guys. They bought and they are getting no love. These guys sold. They got absorbed. That's not where I want to sell. I get my buyers. They these guys are still stuck. I test. If I can't get above them. It's another short. If it's in your plan. And you're you know. And this is another statistic. Forgot all about it. The overnight mid. And there's statistics involved here that have high probability. And you have to vet them and pass performance not indicative. Notice what we have right here. Sellers. Stop sweep. Absorption. This is a reason to consider being out of the trade. Subject to how you manage the trade. And it's not a recommendation. Why. We could come under here. Of course too. So let's think about this. This is a target. So the way I operate. And it's not a recommendation as if I get short here. I can be. Rollin. Or I can just be trailing above the structures. Where am I going here. And then the trade would be over right here. I'd be out of this trade. It's not a recommendation. The market could go to zero. Right. This. Right here. Is a reason for me to be. Shall we say observant or flat. And in this trade for me. I'm just talking about one way to operate. Not the right way. It's all individual. I'm flat. I'm the short. Now we're current. Hope you're getting something out of this. How we doing in YouTube. By the way guys in YouTube if you find this interesting. And I don't suggest you. This is the. What I am showing you here is fractal trading. And the thing about it is. The short at the overnight high. You could just be hanging in there. If your time frame. Is higher. So you would be short from here and you would be going to there. Or in between for scaling and risk management down to here. Or yesterday's low. To there. To there. I don't think I've got much more in here. I don't know if we're going here. That would be an amazing thing. Statistically it's not high probability. This is sitting in the book. And this is a important level volume wise. This is possible. Not a recommendation. For me. I'd be out of the short. Because it doesn't matter. I'm not here to try to get the high and the low. I'm just here to trade. So if I come under here. Then these buyers are really having a problem. So how do you deal with this. Well I go to targets okay. Not a recommendation. But what else do I know. Let's talk about what I know. Which is not a lot but it's something. I know. I had no buyers here. I know these guys got stuff. I know this buyer here problem. I know this is was absorbed. I see my buyers here. I know the last place my buyers were active that they failed was here. So I have this. And don't forget my target. So I got my buyers. Last buyers are here. Let's see. They got stuffed. So I'm either out or I'm managing my trade here. I see the volume here. Let's look at the volume. It's there. See if you don't see something familiar. And what happens now. The buyers try again. They are on the hook here. Right here. So the sellers are still in control. What do I know. There was passive buying here. I need to get under here. If I can't. Now these guys. If they we don't get going. They are absorbed. So this is like your moment of truth on this. On the behavior. So right here. Was absorption. Here's how I think of this. Again. Not a recommendation. If this was absorbed. Do these buyers who are passive buyers. They're passive. Do they still like it at this price. Or do the sellers.  Take them out. Right here. The buyers here. May show up here. And if they do. This. These guys are trapped. These guys are trapped. These guys are trapped. This delta. Is trapped. So right here. Is very important. Because we can either. Continue down. I know you're going to go. Wow. I really needed to. Be in the stream to hear this. But this is telling you. That right here. Is this fight. Between the buyers and the sellers. And the passive side. Go back here. Think about this. Absorbed here. Stop sweep. And absorption. Absorption. Is this absorption. Now it either breaks lower. Squeezes out these guys. So let's see. That's how I read the market. I don't know what it'll do. So let's not try to let's try to try to predict anything. What I know is what I see. And I'm interpreting it. And I know that if I come above this volume here. That the sellers. Are going to get squeezed potentially. If I don't then we're going to continue lower. That's all I know. And the dividing line is the volume. So let's watch it. Questions while we're waiting for this thing to resolve. How we doing. YouTube. Is this useful for you. By the way remember if you're in YouTube there's a link in the bottom. If you scroll down and that is your door to the bookmap discord trader lab. And there's no cost for you to be part of the trader lab community. It is a community of traders looking to build the business create careers in the business of trading. And this is not a plug and play. Spends three months and now I'll have a trading business. You got to get realistic about this. And be willing to go to university. And put the time. So let's watch what's going on here. This seller was absorbed. That's buying. So we have the following. This seller potentially was absorbed. This seller got absorbed. Actually let's see. Selling iceberg. Buying icebergs. So this is your fight. This is kind of like your no man's land you know. They're getting absorbed. Let's see. The way this absorption works is if the sellers overwhelm the buyer we continue. Five let's see what we got here. If these guys absorb these sellers and they can't get below it then we're going to squeeze those sellers out. We don't know what's going to happen. You know that's part of the joy. Because it's always random. Remember how the casinos operate. They don't know. They don't know how we're going to know. Write that down. The outcome of anything in this is random. This was a key area you see. Now I can't tell you what's going to happen. It's not my job. I do know this is important. This is important. See we had our buyers trying in here. More absorption down here. I can't pick the low. See I am no good. So I don't do it. Why? I don't know anybody who can. Unless they get lucky and luck's okay. But you can't take luck to the bank on a consistent basis. I'm watching the behavior here. Remember this is also an area because we got this is a strike. Look at that. So they got absorbed. Running out of sellers. Here's my buyer. Now we have to see because we have our sellers above here. All my stuff is off the screen here again. One second guys. Buyers are you know they're trying. Now the thing is if we see buyers it might only be a rotation. It's not like oh the low of anything. That's all you I know. When I look at this I can see buyers. I can see sellers. I can anticipate behavior. If I have alignment with something like this then I anticipate behavior at it. Like this. So I anticipate right here that we might this might be it. And it's not. Now we come back here. Here's those buyers I was talking about. Where do we come back? We're not getting above this volume. That's resistance now. These buyers caught so far. So this is rotational traded. So this is support. This is resistance. Buyers stuck here. Sellers stuck down here and the buyers came in here. So we got to see what happens here. So if it's going to go higher the buyers have to kind of get on the horse. If not they are trapped here and then we can break and maybe here. So you can actually look at the delta sellers. The buyers trapped sellers. This is your buyer trapped. Sellers down here. You can get below here. You go there. If you can't get this out then you can get your buyers and then we can squeeze. So you're I'm always thinking of it from both sides. I trade from both sides because I got to think in multi dimensions. I cannot be limited to just going oh it's going down. It's going down. I want to see what the participants say. The market is made up of participants. Not what I think. What do they matter what I think. Means nothing. Who matters here. They do. Because these are the shoppers. And if this becomes too low even in a short term basis we can rotate. Now what was too high. Here. Where's my stops. Up here. So and where's my buyer stuck. Here. If I can't get above here then I go down. If I can and these guys are stuck. If I get below here south. If I can't get below here and I get above here. Then all these guys can have a problem. At least on a short term basis. So this is like a sandbox. And what do we see here. Buyers trapped. Microstructure against the buyers. Break low. Come back and check. You see I'm just showing you microstructure. What else do I know. Absorption. Absorption. Fire. And what else do I know. Buy stops. Buy stops. Buy stops. Buy stops. That's what I know. What else. I don't know. So I don't know. I do know what creates this. I do know possibilities and I know if I don't get under here at this time then the squeeze. That's what I know. Will it do it. I don't know. Will it only come up here. I don't know. See. So what do you do with this. Well this is an outside edge. Right now it looks like it's too high. Where did my buyers fail. Up here. Right here. So what I know is possibly that if I stay under here I can go down. But I would tell you what I would be doing here. I'd be out of it here. And I would just be watching. Or scalping. And that's not what you should be doing. It's what I would do. Because I read it very well. So I can execute. And if you're in this kind of thing. You cannot. It's just not a place for someone. The better the trades I do in TraderLab that I share are really much more larger range oriented. Because that's what we need is developing traders is bigger ranges. Because we can't execute well. You know. Everything is slow motion when you're developing. Because it's not unconscious. Competence. First of all we all start out incompetent. Trust me on that. Then over time we attempt to develop conscious competence. That's where you'll go well if it does. You know you're thinking it. Then it's like driving your car. Remember. Let me see. I put it in park. I put the brake on. What do I do here? You know. To start this thing. Just my mirror. Then you get in the car. You're not even thinking about that. That's unconscious competence. Too high. Buyers. What happened to these guys? Stuck. What do we got here? Micro structure short. And I'm not suggesting anybody do this. I'm just sharing a structure. So you could see it. It's all the same. And this is called fractals. So this move here. Just to give you a sense of this. This. This is only a couple of points. Well it's fine. You can scale. You know. I'll give you my scales around two and a half points. That's all. Because my stops are under two points or around two points. And I'm not saying you should do that. I can have my stops that type because I don't wait for my stop to get hit. I can read. If I'm short here. And I see behavior change. I'll get out of the trade. And then I'll just put it back out again. Like when I see this. Foam. Test.  That's a short. It fits. But you gotta operate with the range. You see. Where am I looking to go. Maybe. Here. So. Now I'm not saying anybody should do it. I'm just saying is. Take this idea. And extrapolate it. To a 10 15 20 point rotation. It is the same. And I post these in trader lab. Not. And I don't call trades. Because it's like me talking about this here probably doesn't do you any good. But. If you can learn to read this. Then when it's in alignment. With a location. Then you know. Something about it. And now you can look at it. And go OK. I'm underneath the overnight mid. And these buyers are failing. So far. And this could change in any moment. Right last time up here. With the volume. Where I had my seller. Against this. Where I had my seller. Was too high. Too high. I get. Right here. These guys get trapped. It's a short. If it's in your plan. And what am I leaning against. Here. Here. And these guys. The buyers. Who are stuck. Right. So. That's a short. If it's in your plan. You would be scaled. Then you'd be watching for the counter rotation. Who hit the push the eject button. And you'd be managing your trade. Now why did I say it might go up and take the stops out. Because that's what I was reading. Until I got to a location. And I'd be looking left. To see what. Happened. Here. Trapped. Trapped. Trapped. Test. Trapped. Short. Stop. Scale. Helmet. I hope you got something out of that. And guys. I really want to stress. I'm not suggesting anybody trade like this. I'm really showing you. How you can use order flow. And how you can interpret it. And then align it. With auction mechanics. In the words. Auction market theory. What are these guys saying. Let's look at language. Remember I'm not using an indicator. How do I do this. I read it. Ever tried learning a foreign language or to play a musical instrument. Do you know what it takes to do that. That's what this is. I speak market. I'm not waiting for some line to cross over. Where's it going to cross over. Is it going to be telling me to get long here. Should I be getting long here. Do I have divergence. Really. You know what I'm saying. Let me put my moving average over this. Chop chop chop chop. Well. What about this. Does my moving average finally after it whipsaws me in here. Finally get me short. Here. I want to be short. Here. I want to be risk neutral. Here. And then I'm managing my trade. And if the trade. Right here I get absorption. And my buyers are in here. And it comes back. I'll just take out the runner. And then I'll just be sitting here now have scalp. Two and a half points. Not much. But you know what. It allows me to get the bigger swing when it presents. So this trade they got absorbed. These sellers are stuck. There's my buyers. And they're taking over. So the trade would be over. That's as complex as this is. It's only a few points. But it pays over time. If you have an edge in not saying see the only way you can do anything in this business is to know kind of your groove. What is the rotation that you're going to trade. Unfortunately for me I trade high volume. Not because I want to. I really don't. But the market dictates what I do. So if I take this you know short. And I get risk neutral. And I get my buyers. I can punch out of the trade. Or if I'm in comatose. My stop stays here. And I get taken out. And I maybe scratch the trade. I mean I don't. But I'm saying is you know. That's the worst that would happen. Or full stop. You know. And for me. I manage my trades very aggressively. So I would not be sitting in this. Soon as I see the opposite force come in. And these guys are now stuck. I'm out. Hope you're getting something out of this. And and again this might not be useful for you guys. I am not advocating that you do this. At all. I'm advocating that. TraderLab encompasses all of these processes. So what I'm all I'm doing here guys. Is I'm sharing how to read book map. To understand structure. To understand that this is a shopping experience. And what does this tell us. Too low. Do I know where the lower day is. Nope. So that's why I don't worry about it. Not my job. What do I trade to. Statistics. And I can sell this. You know. I have no problem trading this. No problem. I also can trade this. I have no problem with that. It just doesn't matter. Now in the trader lab though. Odds are. You would not be doing this. Subject to your trade plan and trader lab. You would have been on all these shorts. And then right here. You would be done. Or let me give you the or. Or you have a trade management process. And you just be trailing. Behind high volume. So. High volume. High volume. You're behind here. You're behind here. Drop. You'd be out here. If you're in trader lab subject to how you manage your trade. I. You know. There's many different ways to do this. Me. I'm done here. Right. See what I mean. Then. The short. To here. Done here. Possible long. Remember what I was talking about the stops that we're sitting here. Here. Here. And here. Right. This is that trade. So. If you understand auction market theory but more. Market mechanics. And write this down. If you haven't heard of this. The market goes up to go down. And the market goes down to go up. Why. It rotates because. There's shorts in here. And there's buy stops above these swings. So if I got long here. And I can tell you in my style of trading. And I remember I was going for this. As soon as I see the change. Then I'm thinking. Okay. Where's the stops. Because that's fuel. It's above these swings. So my trade is into these stops. So the long. Would be going. Into this. And it's not necessarily part of trader lab. It's what I do. Can you see the rationale behind it. How we doing in YouTube. By the way guys. If you find this useful. Give me a little encouragement. How about a thumb up. And I want to remind everybody that these streams are available exclusively for review. And this one will be available throughout the weekend. For trader lab participants. The community. And this is for screenshots. Notations. Learning. The job of learning the trade is not here. It is outside. It is the time and the hours that you spend reviewing trades. I recommend everybody. Get OBS software. Record yourself. While you are trading. Even if you're just trying to figure it out. And even if you're not trading. Going. What's going on here. Yes. What is this mean. Think about learning. To read a language. By the way. Why would I. This trade be over now. You ask. Because where is my fuel. The swings. So this is a long. Into the fuel. And then the trade would be over. Right here. Right there. You know. Wherever. I'm not trading it. Because I can't trade and talk. I can't walk and chew gum either. But this is into the paper. Or the stops. We used to. On the floor we call it paper. You know. Where's the paper. So. And look where we came. Outside. Edge. This is auction based. So what this is. Is if this is your retail price. Which means. We can come back. Here. This is like your store. Where they go. They raise the price. And we run out of buyers. This is your two dollar can of tuna. Somebody might buy it because they need it for the tuna casserole. But most of the buyers. Might not pay this. So the volume dries up. This is how. Volume profile works. And if we run out of buyers. I'm not paying that. You got to be crazy. I'm going back to the supermarket. Where the high volume is. And potentially. And that's all this is. Is come back here. And what is this called. It's called. Mean reversion. In fractals. So if this is retail. In a consolidation. And that's based on high volume. In other words. Where most of the transactions. Here. Well.  Wherever that is. And I don't know. Except order flows telling me it was here. At the moment. And I get short. Then my objective. Is this. And it's that. Actually it's not because of that. It's. Because of that. Let's see if it does it. This is a specific context. Is what it's called in trader lab. It's outside in trading. So. Outside. Take the stops out. Clear out the sellers. If I run out of. Buyers. Then what. Then possibly. And that's all you got. At this outside edge. Is. Back. Here. And then. No way to know. Out here. So. If I put this trade on. I have to get risk neutrals. And then. These guys I don't want it above here. Okay. That's the trade. And if it goes above here then. That's that. Trades over. That's just the real world guys. So we get our buyers above here. These sellers are stuck. Buyers are now in control at the moment. We can. We have to see how far outside we come now. But. That's trade. It's really a good trading day I'll tell you. I mean there's a lot of range and volatility. And if you know how to work in this. It really provides a lot of opportunity. And of course risk. Okay. We have absorption here. Into this liquidity. Let's just watch it. We got a buying iceberg here. Who's absorbing. What we want to see here is do we get buyers above here. Or once this is. Filled and he's just sitting here. And you could see the sellers. And he's executing. Let's watch and here's the absorption. We have alignment. We want to see what happens here.  Let me see if I have any structure. This is the mean in the daily timeframe. So this might end up going here. But we'll watch this right here. That's a big buyer. This is how the stop an iceberg detector can help you. He's just hanging out there saying come on. Sell them to me. And then we want to see what happens here. Now we all know this is sitting here. By the way remember there is a link in the bottom of YouTube. There's 60 PDFs you can download of these structured trades. Not all of them. But the kind of the broad stroke that I share with developing traders in the trader lab. Also a library of webinars that you can watch on this process. Many different types of configurations. Trending markets. Rotational markets and transitions inside of those markets. So like this market is let's just say it was going down. Well inside of it there's rotation. So you could actually trade inside on top of itself. Market will rotate on top of itself. So there's a lot of ways that this guy canceled these here. So you could see I was observing this but nothing to do. So where's our potential target now? Here. Or out here. So there's going to be stops here. And we're outside of yesterday's range. So potentially this is a potential this area is an area to observe potential short. Not a recommendation. We could also this is the mid and the VWAP. So we have to be very cautious up in here. And there can be you could be trading subject to your plan. This is a structured trade would be up in this area. Not a recommendation. It could also come anywhere. So up in here. So this could be a potential short setting up here. I'm not calling trades. I'm just saying might be. Let me take a look at this. Can you see it? If you can read it you can dance with it. So this is a potential short right here. But it's a short term trade. You see it? Right there. Let's look at it. Again not trade recommendations and not even trade or lab specific. I'm trading fractals and microstructure. Let me well actually I'm talking about I'm not able to trade it here where I'm talking to you. Let's look right here. See this? This is a microstructure. This is an auction. So right in this volume you got your buyers. They got stuck. You got sellers. There's your rotation. Right here you'd be scaled and then you could be out of this trade here or you're managing it. But this is kind of scalpy you know. But there's enough points in there maybe.  And by the way if you're in YouTube please give a thumb up. This kind of encourages book map to keep this stream available and the trader lab. They need to know that it provides some value. So you can see the short. Now these are not trader lab structure trades. What it is is this is fractal trading. When you see the high volume in this structure it's an auction. It's a consolidation. If it's mispriced and these buyers are trapped up here I'm going to get this potentially. That's all I'm looking for. It's not trader lab. It is fractal. This high volume which is being rejected at the moment is the same as that high volume except this is for the entire day and this is so this is the same as that except this is the big gohuna. Think about like going to Walmart or some big box store. You know huge warehouse type store. This is a store also except it's down the street. It's a convenience store. I'm not paying that. We leave it. Now we may still come back here which is probable but I can't predict it. So instead when I get my rotation and I see my buyer and these guys now are on the hook I could be out of this trade. You see that's more scalpy but look at the range. You could be putting all day. We have a trader in the trader lab named Patrick. He likes golf so this is the putter. So I'm just putting around. I hope you're getting something out of this. Let me show you what these trades look like and please don't forget to give a thumb up if you got something out of this and remember if you're in trader lab you guys are going to have this stream to reverse engineer and screenshot and just take a look at what you know and this is what these look like. Circles, arrows, explanations. I'm not a vendor. There's no cost for this. There's no trading course you know. By the way that's only a rotation. This is the mean and in a microstructure that's the mean because this kind of makes sense about fractals that that and that are the same. This is micro. This is more macro if you will. Higher time frame. Does that make some sense guys? I just hope it makes sense. If it doesn't come to trader lab and you know it's a community of like-minded traders looking to leverage their collective experience and it's all about you not about me and not about what I do. We have all different kinds of traders all different ranges of experience from newer developing traders and then old dogs and I guess I'm one of those. So and it's not the amount of time you've been trading. It's what you have learned and what you have learned and here's kind of a catch 22 that I think affects all of us. In a gaming environment gamblers walk out with winnings. That's why they keep coming back to the table. Buyer. Buyer's trapped. Micro high volume structure. Buyer. Let's see what happens. The gamblers think it's just tuning tweaking their play. That's why they come back because they walk out with winnings. The house as the casino based which is a gaming environment sees those losses as overhead and costs of production. All businesses have expenses right. So if you think treat this like a business then you're going to have a different viewpoint. The viewpoint is not predicting what's going to happen. It's actually the opposite. It's accepting that you don't know what's going to happen because the casinos don't know what comes out of the deck or how to gamblers play the cards. We are in the same business. Wouldn't that change your objective and if you could change your objective would it be from tweaking a process that might be defective which means being able to predict what the market will do to changing that perspective to what the market might do and then accepting that you have no control over it. Does that make sense? Please give a thumb up on the way out if you're interested in TraderLab and downloading the 60 PDFs of those structured trades so you could reverse engineer them or at least follow the stream here when you watch it. And also the library of webinars is available to all you guys and there's no cost. We have a selling iceberg here. We have absorption. Where's the mean in the higher time frame? Here where's the stops? VWOP in mid. This is an area for a structured trade. This is strictly dancing in microstructure. So this is not a TraderLab trade. This is a fractal trade of a TraderLab trade. Hope that makes sense. Thumb up please on YouTube. Thanks for visiting TraderLab. Remember this stream is available exclusively to TraderLab participants over the weekend to reverse engineers, circles, arrows, build your library of examples of triggers and structured trades and vet them and come up with a statistical edge. Remember the business of trading is operating like a casino. Only play games that have an edge. Don't make them up. Don't impulse. Don't be emotionally attached. That's what average retail traders do and with the failure rate being what it is for retail traders. Think like a retail trader, of course. Just don't act like one. Thanks for visiting TraderLab guys. Look forward to seeing you Monday. Have a terrific weekend and if you have any further questions I will meet you in the TraderLab in the bookmap discord.


Up under my management company, we got like eight different models, you know what I'm saying? In and out, up under the management. Well you say management, what do that mean? Like, how's business? I got like a little management firm where we do like what's called Sexting, like the text messages for only fans, models, you know what I'm saying? Cause some of these girls, they don't want to actually take out the time to talk to all of these different people that send them DMs, asking them for videos and requesting things like that. So it's a group of women that, you know, just know how to talk to people and stuff like that. And get these girls to have some regular time throughout their day to do regular things because they have these large fan bases of people that want to interact and engage with them. So they make the content, they make the videos and they just turn them in.   You know what I'm saying? At one, at one time you was like we pepping, right?


in the shop you've probably seen from the title we're going to be putting new mantles on these Coleman lanterns I have here so stay tuned I know most of you know how to do it but some of you may not it's really easy check it out okay guys so what we have here we have of course two Coleman lanterns this is the one I've got with the with the tents this one here is one that monkeys had for a while neither one of them has been used very much they're real similar but this one has an igniter in it so we're going to talk more about these later this one here is a dual fuel see that and I'll explain that to you here in a minute but first let's change these mantles over and by the way it is I don't know if you can see there it is 12 40 a.m. all right so let's go ahead and let's get started on this one here all right like I said it's really easy first thing you want to do well let's go ahead and open this up there should be four in here I've got another pack in there but I believe there's four of them in here which is enough to do both they both have a the two mantle these are called mantles no I know a lot of you guys are saying oh I already know how to do that well okay but some people don't and they may want to learn okay so what we're going to do is we're going to take this top off of here this one I think he said was only used one one camping season or whatnot see he's got a little hanger on it um but take this off be careful of these these these things used to be like four or five dollars now they're like six to ten dollars they make different sizes so just take this off of here all this stuff off okay now what I'm going to do is I'm just going to take this behind you and I'm going to blow it out with compressed air okay so there you go let's move this over here so we don't lose it it's off of here now there's instructions on here as well to show you how you do it you just tie it on of course there's warnings so just tie it on the best you can just tie it in the knot okay and then what it says is to of these are just warnings so you want to light it always light and use lantern outdoors of course so but anyway I want to talk about these now a lot of guys they'll go ahead and put these on and then just light them right up but when I was growing up when we used lanterns the old timers always told us when you change in manholes light them up and let them burn first and when I do that they seem to last a lot longer and sometimes I've had them actually just fall apart like this as soon as I lit them now so I guess that would be just a matter of preference but I've I've always had good luck with lighting them up first on I'll show you that here in just a minute okay and then it says of course to trim these all right trim these now I don't know if you can see that oh zoom in a little closer for you on that uh see that's what see these ridges this ridge just like indentation here looks like a car or wheel without a tire I should have worn my wireless mic and I know you can hear the fan behind me guys but it's very hot it actually got up to what was it 93 today and the real fill was 108 I do believe so just tie these on here real real good and then just trim them off which I just sharpened these scissors so they're doing pretty good um life hack you want to sharpen these scissors cut up some sandpaper 10 12 times sharpen them right up all right let's back you out I'm going to light this up and I'm going to have to turn the fan away from us I know you guys won't mind but I will I'm already sweaty okay now this is what I was talking about the it's got a little flint in it kind of like a like a lighter doesn't seem to be working it might need flint we'll have to let's check this out and see if it does I have some flint I just gotta find it I don't like turning these up like this a lot of times just like with your lighter you can turn it around backwards stick it in there and try it and then you know it'll pull down out of the way there let's there it goes I guess it's kind of left handed all right so now what I want to do is take my lighter here and we'll light it at the bottom I'm just going to let them burn until they quit burning on their own yes it has a funny smell it has a little smoke but you know if you do this outside guys it's not going to kill you you'll be firing this is what creates the light because what it does is burns down to this charcoal stuff here and it glows there we go and then just to make sure I got it all I'll light it down here some more there we go and it looks like it should be ready so let's go ahead and we'll put our globe on this put our little top on now these things don't have to be super duper dino wapping tight either guys just um just make them snug I mean you want to be able to to turn that a little bit okay so all right there is lighting instructions on this let's just read instructions carefully yes it's got instructions on it right here tells you how to light it so but the first thing that you do is you normally you take this okay you there's closed you open it like one turn just like that there's a little hole here so a little hole okay like I said you just um just take this I just always go quarter turn it's fine you put your hole your thumb over that hole and you pump this 30 times okay now I have already done that because I didn't want you guys to have to sit and watch me pumping up a lantern but I'm going to give it a few more pumps just for good measure push it down then close it and then turn it on and you'll hear the gas now let's light it there we go gets me every time and there it is and then it says after you light it you want to want to pump this a few more times you'll feel it building up pressure it's not going to blow up on you guys it's like that now let's shut these lights off and let me get the big light there's the light it puts out here I'll take you back here and show you here let's shut this off for a second here and there you go gives off gives off some good light okay so now yes you can use these intents and you can use them in houses but I got three words for you ventilation ventilation ventilation okay because that is burning a gas it's burning a a petroleum based product so you're naturally going to want to ventilate okay so now there's that one so that igniter works pretty good pull this down here so don't get as hot if you got to relight it so and they burn for quite a while it's a lot cheaper than the propane ones though the propane ones are more handy but these these are more efficient I guess you could say because they don't they don't burn as much propane and you get more when you buy a gallon of this stuff which I'm going to get to here in just a minute and you can turn it way down and you can get different manuals that kind of create a different glow and that will shut off in one to two minutes okay let's get this one here out here force now this one is a Coleman dual fuel okay I'm gonna get to get to what that means here in just a minute first let's go ahead now I know this works too because I have had it lit up so I knew it needed mantles um I think it's actually been used more than the other one this one has a case to it the other one does not and this is just uh it just sits in there like that okay I'm gonna take this off the same way see someone didn't trim these ones you should always trim them okay now again I'm gonna take this over here I'm gonna blow it off real quick okay now let's get our mantles out here oh shit I thought I forgot to hit record oh man put a screw it up my day be careful when you wash these because these break very easily especially when they're hot don't bump them around okay because they will crack like I said they're pretty pricey for what they are you know just just piece of glass really okay now this one like I said it says dual fuel I said I get to it we're to it all right that means you can burn Coleman fuel which is also known as white gas and you can buy it in gallon cans online or you can also buy them uh Walmart sells them this one is called a dual fuel because this one you can also run unleaded fuel in it looks like that might be what was run in it okay because it it's a gasoline okay unleaded gasoline you can run in this it does put off more smoke and more fumes so really if you burn this inside if you need light inside your house like I said ventilation you need heat or light in your tent ventilation now in all actuality the other one's a dual fuel too anything that takes a liquid gas like that stove the uh that stove we we checked out that green stove you can burn unleaded fuel and now you can burn unleaded anything that takes a fuel a liquid fuel you can you can run well I'm talking like lantern wise you can run unleaded fuel in it and I'm guessing that's what this one had in it now it does not burn as clean as white gas as Coleman fuel um but it is a hell of a lot cheaper you know for by the gallon so especially like if you're just mostly going to be using this for cat fishing at night yeah get you a gallon of unleaded fuel that's what I've got in this and I've run in I've run them in these before without any issues everybody says yeah but it's very highly flammable it's volatile yes it is but so is the Coleman fuel it's white gas that's called white gas for a reason because it's it's really a type of gasoline I did an experiment several years ago not really an experiment but a buddy of mine said you cannot run that's that Coleman fuel in an engine in an internal combustion engine I told him to go buy me a gallon I'll prove him wrong and I said if it don't run I'll pay you back for the gallon I dumped it in my Sears craftsman garden tractor fired right up we rode that thing around till it ran out of fuel it didn't run any better but it didn't run any worse it wasn't more efficient but it wasn't less efficient it ran the same now that's a garden tractor but again that costs a you know that's so expensive so yes you can burn and someone had the globe one upside down hate that but you can burn unleaded fuel any other one with no problems I've I've run unleaded fuel in them lanterns before and never had an issue you just have to be careful but like I said with the Coleman fuel same thing you have to be careful because it's just as volatile as gasoline it just you know you gotta you'll have to take your tubes out and clean it more often depending on how often you use it if you use it once or twice a year it's no big deal but if you're using it every weekend and using it for a few hours every weekend or whatever a couple times a year you're gonna have to take them tubes out and clean them out clean your you know it's no big deal okay so let's go ahead let's light this one up like I said I've already pumped these up so I'm gonna close it let's light this one there you go move that away from my light be fucking up my life man all right and once once you get it lit like that that's the way it's going to burn and as you can see it seems like it's burning a little better than the other one the other one kind of had a flicker to it uh so there you go I mean that one's not bad but uh yeah I mean I don't see any reason why you can't you know but if you can see up here at the top let me zoom in here a little bit now the other one had a little bit of smoke too this one's got well let me move my cigarette that might that might help here can you see there's just a little bit of smoke just right off of there just a tiny bit now it can be dust burning off of it too because this first time I've had it lit and over year and the last time I lit it um I'm trying to stay close to the camera so I can get both microphones but the last time I lit it I just let it to see if it worked and it did so I said well we're gonna have to get some mantles and I never did well it turns out her dad has two or three packs so that's another lantern we'll have to get out it's going to need a globe okay um it is a propane bottle lantern so we'll put a new globe and mantles in it but there you go guys I mean that's burning great in fact the smoking has stopped up there on the top maybe just a slight bit so it's probably just dust and you know oil stuff off my fingers you know I can't smell it I can't smell any difference while they're burning so yeah it's safe just with anything you know just just make sure that you have good ventilation okay guys so there you go we did both of those I told you it was easy we did both of them it is now 102 a.m 102 a.m so about a half an hour we did both of them and we were talking taking our time so say 15 minutes really um so that's what I wanted to explain about that dual fuel them tanks um they're solid they you know they'll hold it if they hold pressure they're gonna hold that fuel in there um you can I'm gonna have to clean the globe on that one and it would actually look pretty nice you can um you can run unleaded gasoline and then you don't have to run a higher octane just regular what is it 89 octane just the cheapest stuff you can get run in there and it'll be fine you just got to be careful but you have to be careful with the Coleman fuel as well that's why they come in metal cans because they it is every bit as volatile as this like I said I have run it in an internal combustion engine with no issues in fact when we pulled the plug it actually ran cleaner than the gasoline because we pulled the plug out and we cleaned it okay because it was you know sooty it was black color we put the plug in we run that tank of um of uh white gas Coleman fuel in it and it ran fine until it ran out of fuel and when we pulled the plug it was clean it almost looked like he was burning alcohol in it almost um but like I said I didn't notice the difference it didn't give it any more power it didn't give it less power it ran just fine but that stuff's expensive for the gallon you know by gallon uh you can get you know well around here most places the brown two something you know 250 240 for a gallon and you know a gallon of gasoline would last you all summer with one of them things so you know just make sure you wipe it off when you after you fill it make sure you didn't leak anywhere make sure your valve's not leaking or spitting fuel if it is your valve needs clean which we'll get into that on another episode we'll get into I'll just show you how to clean because I think uh monkeys needs to be cleaned so we'll take it apart sometime and we'll clean it just make sure you do that some pipe cleaners whatever um q tips cotton swabs whatever you want to call them clean it out real good and you shouldn't have an issue but yes that's what the dual fuel means anyway guys thanks for hanging out with me late this this Friday night when you see this it'll be Saturday morning well technically it's already Saturday morning so it's not supposed to rain today so I guess some things to do I gotta finish that um the uh whatever the hell you call it that Saturn it's a Saturn view I gotta finish that um they didn't have the rage went back to get the the part and they didn't have they didn't have it in stock even though I was told they had three of them all three of them was the same as the one we had and the guy said he thinks it was box wrong so I think you ordered the same number now if he thinks it was box wrong and it wasn't he's going to get the same one which is going to be the wrong one so hopefully I can get that going tomorrow I'm going to one of the new tents the last one we set up the uh Hillary we're going to uh I'm going to go ahead and um Scotch Guard it make sure it's no leaks because I'm pretty sure it's going to leak sat or Sunday or it's going pretty sure it's going to rain Sunday but it's not supposed to rain today now um perfect situations when you do that you usually want 48 hours but I know when I when I waterproofed the uh the teepee tent um it was raining um 14 16 hours later it was raining and it was fine but it says you should wait 48 hours so if you can you can but if you can get it overnight if you can get it to uh you know overnight without it raining um fine I like to do it when it's set up I know the top the roof is hard to get to but um it just if if you uh because but I don't want when they're set up because that way it it will um you can cover everything really well on it so um if if you don't want it taken down you might get a wrinkle while there's going to be a spot that wasn't covered so anyway we can talk about that more later maybe I'll I'll I'll film some of that for you we'll see okay so anyway guys again thanks for hanging out with me um that little I can see the you know the things moving the analog looking things moving on the on the uh on my screen here keeps drawing my eyes to it just for the mic let me know the mic's working but anyway shabery the myth man legend again thanks for hanging out with me tonight guys appreciate it I'm gonna have a cold beer finish my cigarette I'm gonna edit this video so you guys can enjoy it hopefully and hopefully this will help and maybe someone can learn something from it okay all right we'll see you guys soon bye bye okay guys one thing I never did do was try out this spotlight outside for the night vision so let's check it out and turn it on and see how well it does oh my goodness wow that is that's clear across the street right there's the mailbox it's clear across the street I'll kick off a night vision just so you can see the difference okay that's regular mode now let's kick it on the night vision that's amazing like I said hell that's clear across the street there's our truck there's Ford wow yeah this spotlight really works this is really good for outside for if we are you know just follow a raindrop that'll look wet anyway yeah um so that's amazing no I haven't I haven't it looks like the batteries might be going a little low now I have not charged these batteries since I've had this light but again yeah this is that's amazing okay just want to share it with you guys we'll do some more work yeah I see it's starting to blink yeah it does that when the batteries are going dead to let you know replace me so we'll do some more experimenting with this thing there's the moon up there that's off a night vision so almost a full moon should be a full moon tomorrow night okay guys thanks again bye bye


All right, let's get started. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to the 2023 NCAR Earth System Science, or NSEE oral presentations. I'm Jerry Saccone, and I am the NCAR Student Program Coordinator and Director of NSEE. This year, we had eight students participating in the NSEE program, five undergrad and three graduate students, representing Boston University, Jackson State University, Pitzer College, the University of Albany-Suni, University of Arizona, the University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Puerto Rico at Mya-Wes, and the University of Texas at El Paso. Also for the first time this summer, NSEE was supported by a graduate assistant, Ben Feldman, from the University of Oklahoma, who participated in the NSEE program last year, last summer, and Ben will be presenting today as well. Before we start presentations, I would like to thank our organizational leaders, Tony Busellaki, Everett Joseph, and Bill Quoe, also our lab directors, particularly Rebecca Hocker, the Director of Education Engagement and Early Career Development, for your support of our student programs. Also, thank you to Program Lab and CIS Admins for your tireless work preparing for the arrival of our students. Thank you to Multimedia Services, and Multimedia Services, excuse me, for all of your help with events this week and throughout the summer. A big thank you to NSEE and PsyParks mentors and all of the mentors across the organization that volunteer their time to help train the next generation of earth system scientists. Thank you to the NSEE and PsyParks interns for all of your hard work this summer. It's been an absolute pleasure working with you and getting to know you over the past 10 weeks. And finally, I'd like to thank the PsyParks leaders, Virginia and Julius, the Source leaders, Cadetia and Marisa, NSEE admin Alia and of course, the NSEE graduate assistant, Ben. I truly value our collaboration in student programming and I can't thank you enough for all that you do in support of NSEE and all of our student programs. So, without further ado, please welcome to the stage our first presenter, Daniel Bonilla, an undergraduate student from Pitzer College in California. Daniel's presentation is titled Evolution of Atmospheric Water, Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphate after 2022 hunger-tongue, hunger-ha-a-pie, volcanic eruption. I really hope I got that right. Okay. Hi, everyone. My name is Daniel Bonilla and I just finished my second year at Pitzer College in Claremont, California. And this summer as a NSEE intern, I was fortunate enough to work with and collaborate with Jun Zhang, a postdoc, through the ACOMB or Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling Lab. And I'm very excited to be here today. The title of my talk or presentation is the Evolution of Atmospheric Sulphur Dioxide, Water Vapor and Sulphate after the 2022 hunger-tongue, hunger-ha-a-pie, volcanic eruption. There we go. So, kind of with some background information. So, the hunger-tongue, hunger-ha-a-pie islands are located 40 miles south of Tonga's main island in the South Pacific. They're originally two separate islands that fused as a result of volcanic activity in about 2015. And over time, there has been seismic and volcanic activity. And what's really noticeable and very important about this specific location is that this is an underwater volcano. So, in that diagram, you can kind of see how the elevation changes, but the center of it, where the plume does come out of, is underwater. And the eruption was strong enough to send well enough into, well, well enough volcanic, its plume into the stratosphere and mesosphere. And it kind of goes into the volcanic plume itself. So, chemically, its composition was mainly water. And when it was in the atmosphere, it was water vapor and SO2, which is sulfur dioxide. And what's really special about this eruption in particular is that it traveled about 55 kilometers into the atmosphere, which is about 34 miles, more than that. It was about 146 teragrams of water, which is equivalent to over 146 billion kilograms. And it had the strength of 15 megatons, which is about 15 million tons of TNT. So, it was very, very strong, and you can kind of see the power. This is over the course of about 24 hours, but it changes really quickly, and you can kind of just see the magnitude of that plume coming. Well, this is just a surface, but yeah. And this is kind of a cross-section of the volcano as well as like the layers of the atmosphere. So, in the research that I've been doing, the aim was to kind of showcase the evolution of the plume pollutants that I picked. So, it was water vapor, sulfur dioxide and sulfate, and kind of explore the ways that they can contribute to changes within our atmosphere as a result of the eruption. So, I kind of used two levels of measure. Well, I actually used three. So, the first two are based on the hydropascals. So, 100 being close to the triple pause and the 50 being a little above that, and that's just to take into account the natural aerosol layers that are within these atmospheric layers. And as I show the plots and stuff, I'll be able to kind of explain and talk through that a little bit more too. But you can kind of just see the magnitude of the plume and how much it traveled up. It says miles on the left side, you can kind of see just how tall and how much that traveled up because of that great force. So, with the data that I was using, we kind of had two main sets and that's what we used to make our figures and kind of look at the evolution of these plume pollutants. So, we had a volcano data set which was observed data from 2022 that's taken into account the eruption as well as all of the concentration changes within the atmosphere. And then we had no volcano data which was modeled using the CESM or Community Earth System Model Version Two and Wacom Six. And that was specifically to stimulate stratospheric water vapor and aerosol enhancements as a result of the eruption. And what we did was we calculated the difference and then we plotted that for our figure. So, a lot of the data that I'm showing is volcano data minus no volcano data so we can see the actual difference that happened within the atmosphere to see what has changed as a result for what is considered normal. And I'm showing two different types of plots, global surface maps as well as vertical profiles. The global surface maps kind of taken to account a specific layer. So, that's going back to the 100 or 50 hydropascals and the vertical profiles show the entire atmosphere in according and with all the layers as well. So, starting off with water vapor. So, this plot is the global surface. So, this is at 100 HPA. And you can kind of see over time how the water does kind of dissipate. And this is just showing the overall trends. There's a band that's pretty strong in between the zero degrees and 30 degrees south for latitude that kind of starts out and it eventually disperses. And this is a natural observation where over time some things will undergo other chemical processes or they're just deposited back into more surface of the earth. And when we're looking at the vertical profiles, it's basically taking into account all the layers of the atmosphere. So, you can see instead of just at the 100 hydropascal mark, this is taking into account the entire atmosphere. So, you can kind of see as well how it does disperse into different layers. And it starts off pretty strong and that centralized point does fall where the eruption did occur. And so, this is actually also calculating the water global zonal average. So, that's what these types of plots are called just to take into account the entire zone. Now, onto our next plume pollutant, which was sulfur dioxide. It definitely looks a little different. So, what we had to do because there is such drastic changes from month to month with the concentration just going from a very concentrated amount to a very small amount, we had to change it into a log scale. So, that's why the colors look a little different. But starting out in the same ways around the zero to 30 degrees south, there's still that band that does start to disperse over time, similarly to the water. And it's a trend that it's decreasing over time, similar to the water vapor. And going to look at the pressure plot. So, it's the same kind of way looking at the vertical profile. It starts off highly concentrated. And over time, it does begin to disperse in different areas. And what we did as well for the vertical profiles is it's in log scale for pressure. And that's as well to take into account the drastic changes in pressure within the atmospheric layers. So, for our last plume pollutant, this is not one that was initially released from the volcano, but one that was, one that was, I guess, formed as a result. So, SO4 sulfate is formed by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. And sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere does cause like net cooling effect on the planet. For some additional information, we can go over that later if you'd be. So, for sulfate, you can see how this band is a little different because its peak seems to increase from January to June with June being its almost most highlighted month, and then decreases over time. And that's to take into account the formation as a result of the previous pollutants kind of interacting within this specific layer of the atmosphere. And also for the pressure plots, you can kind of see as well how it's very highly concentrated. And over time, similarly to other figures, does disperse over time. So, overall, the impacts on atmospheric, on the atmosphere in general. So, the main observation is that the increase of water vapor and sulfur dioxide after the eruption is very noticeable in all the areas that are not a dark shade of blue that is an increase that we have observed. And because of the injection of water vapor and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere, it does reduce the amount of ozone present. So, in this figure over here, this is looking at ozone within the atmosphere. And you can kind of see that this plot is different because this is tracking the loss of ozone within the atmosphere. And those highlighted parts do show where there's less concentration that was taken out. And ozone depletion was mainly in mid-latitudes in austral winter. So, in particular, these plots were August, September, and October to take into account the seasonal difference between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. And the pollutants in general contributed to additional chemical formation that is something that we're hoping to look into as well. But going back to the figure in the left corner where it's kind of dispersing to, that's like showing an indication of the Arctic circle, ozone hole being strengthened. And the most important thing is like, what can we do from here? And one thing I'm very interested in kind of pursuing and continuing to look at is specifically sulfuric acid. So, sulfuric acid does have its concentrations within the atmosphere, but when we are making some plots, just preliminary figures, there was a lot going on and we weren't able to refine it too well. But sulfuric acid does contribute to acid rain. And I think it'd be very important to kind of do more research on understanding how that affects vegetation and water quality just because that is so prevalent and will continue to worsen over time. And then also just understanding the impact of both biological and anthropogenic forms of pollutants in our atmosphere and kind of how they interact together. Because this was my first time working with data that, or data and I guess looking at pollutants that were non-human caused, which has been a really interesting way to kind of get a better idea of like natural pollutants causing situations like the volcanic eruption, but just kind of see the relationship with each other because as we continue to put more toxins into the air, just seeing how that disrupts these chemical processes as well within the atmosphere. And for acknowledgments, thank you to the NSF for funding everything and NCAR-UCAR for all the labs, greatly appreciated. To my mentor who has been amazing and really just facilitated and worked with me to learn so much about atmospheric chemistry and welcomed me into the lab, which has been amazing. And then the entire NASAE program, Jerry, Ben, Aliyah, all the interns, I really appreciate it. Citation. Yeah. Okay, do we have some questions from the audience? Yuta. Neil, great presentation, thank you. I'm only vaguely familiar with atmospheric chemistry terminology. So if you could just explain a little bit what CO2 pressure means exactly and what we're seeing on the plot also. Yeah, great question. So I can go back to, so yeah, we'll look at this one. So are you talking about the pressure in particular? So yeah, so because these vertical profile plots are, they basically showcase these plots, but instead of showing the latitude and longitude, it changes the longitude into pressure. So the importance of that is just to showcase not just a specific layer of the atmosphere that these ones were kind of focusing on, but showing the whole atmosphere composition. Because at a certain surface, you can only see so much that's going on. It's a flat plane. So by being able to look at the vertical profile, it just takes into account all the changes within the atmosphere.  So that just takes into account that as well. So at the bottom, that's more surface area. And as it goes up, it's higher in the atmosphere. Thank you. It's a really interesting talk. I'm just wondering for the changes after the eruption, how long those change gonna exist and for the negative effects such as ozone depletion, is it happening instantly because of high concentration or because the duration they stayed in the atmosphere? Yeah, so to answer your first question, a lot of these, so the insertion of these pollutants into the atmosphere is something that we will have to continue observing over the next couple years. I was just informed about a paper that came out, I believe last week, that was talking about how it just contributes to so much warming over the next five years that they're already kind of modeling out. Because of the ozone depletion in particular, that's something that will have to be monitored as well because of so much water vapor being inserted into the stratosphere. So it's something that will definitely continue to be observed and researched into. And as long as no other eruptions or we're not sending as much pollutants into the atmosphere, it's hard to predict. Daniel, thank you for the talk. My question is regarding the changes happening here. I see more changes are only in the Southern Hemisphere, not in the Northern Hemisphere. Is there some explanation behind that? So specifically just to clarify, so why it's in the Southern Hemisphere? So the changes are more in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. So I see the yellow blob shifting more towards these negative attitudes compared to the positive attitudes. Yeah, so because, okay, just, sorry, I'm just trying to, let me tell me if this is a question you were asking. So because of its location with its latitude, like why is it specifically concentrated there or? Or is it, why is it spreading more towards the Southern Hemisphere? And we see less changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Yes, yeah. Is there a reason behind that? Yeah, so the eruption did take place in the Southern Hemisphere. So that's why a lot of the formation of, or that's why there's highly concentrated areas closer on that area. But as it does disperse, it does kind of cross into different layers and different latitudes. So that's why you kind of see that spreading out. So usually it's localized to the Hemisphere in which that activity occurs? Yes, and it's very dependent on how far the pollutants have been, I guess, dispersed into specific layers of the atmosphere because there are already pre-existing chemicals and compounds that kind of interact and change the concentrations over time. Thank you. First off, great talk. I really love all the plots. Could you go back to your water vapor plot that shows the distribution across the entire planet? Yeah, so this is just so if I understand correctly, this is what was added on, okay. So yeah, it's pretty interesting that we see a higher amount of water vapor in the Southern Hemisphere during its transition season and then into its winter, and then into our winter in the Northern Hemisphere, we see an increase, which is kind of the opposite of what you would expect with like the movement of the ITCZ. So is that something that you guys looked at or? That's a great question. So that's something we have not explicitly looked into. I think that would be interesting to see, especially with the seasonal variation and how that causes a lot of just changes because you're right, it does go travel up the latitude sometimes for specific months. So I think that'd be interesting looking into, but at this time we have not. Thanks for the talk. Could you go back to your SO4 slide? Also the lat-long plot. That one or the vertical profile? No, this one. This one, sorry. There we go. I think it looks like in January, the highest concentration is like between South America and Australia. Otherwise they're not like over the place of the eruption. Yeah, so we can, I know there's a little picture. Okay, so it's a location, it's proximity to Australia is fairly close in the scheme of how vast the earth is, but what we, I guess what I was assuming was because of the natural winds and a lot of these, a lot of the pollutants kind of take those band-like positions as they travel across the globe. That's, yeah, that's what I was just going to mean. Great work, Daniel, thank you.