श उ, भू, तभू, गाल, कालré, शिव, शिव, सर्व estado, shiv, syiv, sarve शव, शव, माहाद, shambho, shambho, mahad, shambho शिव, शिव, शिव, shambho, shambho शुख, पाग, jaisi uri आपा सुखु आपी मदू कर आँपुज रफ चाख्यो। सुखु दं मरनं कर इलनं मादू समरनं कर शादि है सकलं करु समया दे पते सादि अमें आपा ओघ सेुखु । अप घाशे Shadow of Shadow एक �警 own rigor of । समसरं कर आप limiting॥ आप घाश STUFF स्व सेृयिंणा कर अज कर से � उप दृिनू भी रच फ मके भी शिस अप त क Pierce of doom ड़ान कर awesome अन्वाल्द, अन्वेट्टद, अन दिवोईद आप लाज, अफ्वेक्षिन अर खमपन्यान्ट्द बफ्दिझ्ट, शल आप खब बीच्ट आप ज़िन और बने इदे पर आप गम्टेर है। Well, as per the plan, in India, we are supposed to end the lockdown by 17th of this month, just a week away. Already, UK has extended it till 31st of May or 1st of June. The United States, of course, people are fighting for freedom, freedom to have a haircut. And in India, we tried relaxing a little bit, people are fighting for freedom to get drunk. There were some hopes because certain scientific studies, we can say it's a study and also more of a kind of a scientific theory which talks about anarch gene or genome, which could have played a profound influence on the growth of our brain and the development of who we are today, many million years ago, was largely instigated by a virus. But looking at the human behavior with partial relaxation, this virus doesn't seem to have worked like that. With the burst of new intelligence, it's not happened. Hopefully the virus will mutate itself into that kind of a virus that a higher level of brain power happens. Well, it is also noted that in the development of mammals who are right now categorized as the highest level of evolution on the planet, development and evolution of ability to produce placenta is believed that it's the virus some hundred million years ago which could have instigated this process within very primitive mammals which existed at that time.  So you don't know what treasures this virus is holding for you.  So if you grow your own horn, maybe the rhinoceros will have a party. In some way we don't know what advantages will come out of it, but right now, this happened. Shankaran Pillai went to Mumbai because he got a job there, not now, pre-virus before the virus era. And he got a job, he was working, but he had no place to stay, he's looking for an apartment. He just wants a one bedroom apartment somewhere. Entire evenings, late night and early mornings, every day he went from place to place, place to place, wanting to find an apartment. It is not those days that you could type it out and somebody will deliver an apartment. And you have to go physically looking for them. After a month of search, no apartment. Because he was sleeping on the beach, because there was no other place. Early morning he was walking on the beach and he saw a small vessel lying on the sand. He picked it up and just rubbed it with his hand, low, a genie popped out. Then Shankaran Pillai said, Oh, a genie, you come, please get me an apartment in Mumbai.  So those of you who are looking for a magic wand way out of the virus situation, there is no magic wand. Very consensuous, responsible steps are needed. From individuals, from businesses, from the state, from the world, this is what is needed. One good thing or one thing that has happened, I am taking back the word good because many will fight with me. One thing that's happened is all the places of prayers have been shut down and many religious leaders are super insecure right now because if people learn to live without God and pretty well, this is going to be dangerous. This will be destruction of a major industry, six weeks if you can live without seeing your God, without communicating with him, without asking for this or that or even daily bread. If it still happened, then you may get confidence to walk on your own, you know, very dangerous for the industry. It's a major industry, you can't let it die like that. But all these things are happening as you many of you may not know because only probably in close circles have spoken about this. This is a movement from religion to responsibility. Essentially what it means is, people have been living here with responsibility somewhere way up in the sky, we don't know where. It's time human responsibility moves here, not somewhere else. So I think this virus in some way is assisting our movement of moving humanity from religion to responsibility. If religion is propagating some aspects of spiritual process for individual people, that is fine because every religion at some point started as a spiritual movement and then got organized, organized, got super-organized and it became something else altogether. So I'm sure in every religion there are elements of spiritual process. If those things are brought out, it's fine. But this daily bothering of God which you call as prayer, this daily self-appointed advisory to God, what he should do today. Of all the people, I think God should be the happiest with virus because six weeks nobody to bother him, you know. Now it's happened in a long time, not in two thousand years or so. So there are many pluses, if you are on the side of the creator you also have lots of pluses. Only thing is we may have to learn to live with little less, which I think is wonderful if all of us learn to do that. Yes, all of you, I'm telling you, you must all learn to... Don't wait for economy to go down and this and that. Everybody just look at how you can reduce your consumption by twenty-five percent. Whatever you're consuming, electricity, water, clothing, anything and anything that you're doing, twenty-five percent less food also. Believe me, if you do a few things with yourself, little bit of sadhana within you, you will become a very energy efficient machine that is with much less fuel will function much better. That's what every technology in the world is trying to do right now. But all these technologies are being created by this technology, this piece of technology which we call as human being. If this is not energy efficient, other machines becoming energy efficient, one day your car may turn around and say, you idiot, why are you driving me? That's why already self-driving machines are coming.  I don't want to be around on that day. So, so the virus has many possibilities.  See, it's also there in the scientific studies that some millions of years ago, human brain started working because of this AUK genome or whatever.  Many years ago there was a wise man in Coimbatore city. Then people were simply attacking us for nothing. They were talking about coming in truckloads and ripping our ashram down, yoga center down. It was easy to do that because we were just one big hut. We were just a thatch roof hut. So people planning come, we will go there and rip it down, why? I think even they did not know. But because they thought this arrogance of religion to responsibility, it's the worst kind of arrogance that they can think of. Because of that, suddenly people were sparking up in Coimbatore wanting to do their own thing. So they said, what is this? Everybody's becoming free, we can't let this happen. So when they were saying that, there was a wise old man who said, don't throw stones at this man. You don't know who he is. If you throw stones, he will build something out of it. You see all the stone work. I don't think any one modern building, when I say modern that's been built in 21st century has this much stone because lot of people have been throwing stones at us. So we thought we should make it all stone. Now they're throwing virus at me, the world is throwing virus at me. I've decided we'll go viral. So there is a whole strategic thinking and action and various things going on. I want all of you to be a part of it. One thing we will do, everybody's telling me, don't tell them so soon, Sadhguru, they will die of anticipation and all that. I thought I'll tell you because it's come. So we will launch a simple but powerful program where forty days with Sadhguru, online. Don't clap, online. That is twenty-four hours of the day.  We're evolving this program. We will launch this for the yoga day on twenty-first of June. If you want to be there, you better start booking up. Right now even the booking is not open but I've announced. But you start putting your names out there because maybe we will have to stop at a certain number for technological reasons. So forty days with Sadhguru, it's never happened before. So we thought because people don't even know how to wake up properly and fall asleep properly. There is a certain way. You know, there is a certain way to start the engine of a vehicle. If you do it the wrong way, it will not function the same way. One who knows what it is, tch, does it in certain ways. Others simply boom, boom they will do and their machines are like that only. So it is important how you start this machine in the morning and how you put it to rest. When you want to turn off your computer, there is a process, isn't it? Simply put off the switch in the wall. Tomorrow morning, when you want to work again, it has lots of troubles. The same with this, how to turn it down, how to bring it back, there is a way. And how to walk it through the day. So forty days, twenty-four hours, tch, with Sadhguru, alright?  Yes? Which is that one, first one? Okay, let me see it. So, such are the ways of vanity, even a feather sits upon a man's brow. How many silly ways a human being is trying to enhance himself.      So, if all those enhancements have failed and at least the virus has made you realize wearing diamonds and walking around in the house is a bloody silly thing, if you realize that, it's time for yoga. Hmm-hmm, there are questions. Namaskaram Sadhguru, when someone is ill and on the verge of death, is that the time to give comfort in solace or talk about death and prepare them for it? Oh, see when someone is ill and if that someone has unfortunately never truly realized life is mortal and they've not prepared for it. In any way within themselves, at that time you tell them you're going to die now, is going to be terrible. Well, when someone becomes ill, in many ways they become helpless.  You love the child so much. There are two aspects to it, one is he or she is small and cute. Another is they're helpless, you like it. Yes, yes. If you have a husband or a wife who is super efficient about everything they need, they can do it themselves. No, no, you will not like that person. You will need somebody who doesn't know how to find his socks.  I've seen, you know, women talking about, you know my husband cannot even find his toothbrush in the morning but they're very proud of it because when he's so helpless without me he cannot live. That's the thing. Because all relationships are need-based relationships, societies have evolved like this. So suddenly telling them you're going to die may not be a great idea. In this country, it was made a very significant thing. People have kind of all dissipated this fundamental wisdom. It was very important to have a son. Not because of gender discrimination, because the nature and the format of the society was such, if you had daughters at a certain age they will go away. So even if they are ten or twenty-five kilometers away from you in a nearby village, well she is either pregnant or she has a young child or she has responsibilities of that house that she's gone to and twenty-five kilometers she has to walk and come. There is no transportation. So most probably if you're dying she won't come. This is always the case. Once again we've gone to the same place now because most people, their children or in some other country, in some other faraway place that they cannot come or it's because of virus they cannot come. So because of this having a son was very important because one fundamental duty which was very well established in this society and fortunately forgotten today is the moment a parent becomes to a place where the man gets married the son gets married the moment that happens it is one of the duties of the son is to take the parents on yatra to the pilgrim places. This is not tourism. This is to remind them that they are mortal, their time is rapidly coming. This is the time to invest in their inner well-being. Recently there was one video which has gone viral around the country a man carrying his old mother you've seen that video? Because this guy was very ill when he was young and they everybody thought he will die but his mother did not give up and she prayed to some god so intensely and without any medication this guy bounced back. So since then he's been wanting to take his mother which is her dream to go to pilgrim places in the country. Now being a poor man he didn't have money he just put a bamboo thing one side some things that he needs clothes this and that another side his mother and he's carrying her and walking from all the places to places wherever she had wished to go across the country carrying his mother and another equal amount of load at the back and walking this video has just gone crazier all over the country because this was the fundamental duty before they become incapable of walking and doing things a sun must take them to pilgrim places pilgrim places not for tourism purposes but to remind them that they need to turn inward well that is gone completely out of our thing we are all thinking even if you are seventy or eighty you must be going to the cinema you must be going to the party you must be doing this you must be doing that because this whole thing has come to us from the west even if you're eighty you must behave like you're eighteen now also you must be on the dating app yes they are unfortunately so suddenly telling them may not be a good idea this is something only you can judge on based on an individual person there is no common prescription but it is important before they become ill this must be brought forth to them they should not go with this ignorance that they are going to live forever so they will get engaged with their children to some extent then their own careers and jobs and whatever they retired now they are getting old now they are desperate grandchildren where are the grandchildren how come you love those children who are not yet born so much when you have no care or concern for children who are on the street how come you have so much love for children who don't exist because you want to get engaged with life once again as if it's a new beginning because it will give you a new lease of life another level of involvement another level of illusion about things will go on forever so if all those things are not there people will get frustrated they will lose their minds all these things will happen unfortunately so whether you should tell them or not if they are ill and moving towards their time maybe not in so many words but you must create an atmosphere that it comes home to them otherwise you are doing a great injustice you are doing a great injustice by creating a fake atmosphere everything will be okay no no we are going to go back home you are in a hospital don't worry we are going to go back home everything is going to be fine and then your grandson's wedding is coming five years later we will do what shall we do planning for that this is a rubbish way of existence it is very important for every human being that when we are approaching the closure of our time we approach it in a sensible and conscious way as far as possible if you are absolutely conscious there is nothing to say about it that will be managed otherwise they did not live like that they don't have that ability right now but you must create an atmosphere that it is moving in this direction you may not be able to directly tell them they may get terrified they may get scared and you know all those things but you must create an atmosphere a spiritual atmosphere when we say spiritual something that's not of the body that's all right now life is moving you to a place where it is not about the body anymore they must get this point but in many homes today it's have been in some homes unfortunately where this happened they are trying to cook all their favourite foods and say eat this eat that maybe if that is your way of preponing their death it's unfortunate again that is not the way of doing it it is very very very important that bodily concerns must be brought down our food of this and comfort and clothing you must bring it down and make it very clear to them if not by words by setting up an atmosphere that our time is coming it will come to all of us when it comes to this person it is important the necessary atmosphere is provided and the whole family or whoever else is there creates that ambience of not pulling them into this and that but allowing them to move in that direction there are many simple things one can do I think in the death book we have handled this elaborately but simple things you can do is just an oil lamp a vegetable oil lamp or a ghee lamp oil lamp is better I'm sorry vegetable oil lamp is better a lamp some simple chant or something which reminds you that it's not about the body if this much reminder is there there is enough wisdom in life to latch on to that but if you not said a word till now somebody is not oriented at all in this direction suddenly you go tell them you're going to die that could be very cruel and it could unnecessarily create a disturbance which is not necessary for that person so how it needs to be done is important everybody see don't try to create a situation of normalcy around that person everybody bounding around children coming and saying grandma, grandpa I love you everything is great don't create that even if children are there if they come in they must come in slowly and just be like that they must understand situations are changing if you do not even create that you put on a cinema, you do this you cook all their favorite foods you're bouncing around them to make them feel everything is great this is not the way it's important there is nothing wrong with death it is just a part of our existence it is just the way we conducted it's very important this is a fundamental duty of the children towards their parents that when their time comes they will live well simplest thing is if you turn spiritually initially they will resist, they will struggle but after that it's a natural intelligence of a human being somebody who's half my age is not focusing on you know physiological and psychological compulsions and they're doing something with themselves what am I doing this will naturally come in any human being so if you are doing any spiritual practice or anything it's good to do it in front of your parents even if they're not interested yes even if they have resistance and they're not interested it's good to close your eyes and sit slowly it will dawn on them because there is a profound intelligence within this which knows that this is not forever it is in the body unfortunately it's not gotten into the head next question is from Anand Bhushan from Patna Namaskaram Sadhguru India's farmers are already poor and struggling now with the virus situation lakhs of migrants are going back to their villages won't this further put stress on the farmers and the farmland and lead to greater poverty is there any solution to this well hope this migrant movement is a temporary movement only concern is if if this had happened at the beginning of the lockdown if we had engineered and organized this at the beginning of the lockdown and six weeks of stay in the village and they had come back now it would be good to start all the industry and business but now it is happening at the end of the lockdown this is not very good but nobody knew how long the lockdown will be initially we thought it's fifteen days so we tried to keep them in the cities and make accommodations and food and works but when fifteen days it did not end everybody was okay up to fifteen days when the second lockdown came they became alarmed because most of the migrant labor in India at least are only men it's a male population their women and children are at home in the village they keep visiting them when the second lockdown extension happened that's when they got alarmed that what is happening to our wives and children because many of them couldn't pay phone bills to be in contact with their families now they wanted to go they started walking many of them walked two hundred three hundred kilometers and people have cycled over thousand kilometers to get to their villages now they're arranging trains but now we are planning to break the lockdown but now all the labor is moving away from the city which is not the best way to do is this of a some kind of a problem for agriculture no agriculture will do well because this has been a major problem in the villages there is not enough labor to do any work now if this labor goes back it will be more than sufficient or excess but still of course the labor you know the amount that needs to be paid out will come down so the farmer could benefit out of it unless there is a total influx of population no because in the city it looks like that when they go to the villages they're going to spread into hundreds of villages or thousands of villages so this migrant labor which looks like a huge force in the city when it goes into the hinterlands of India they will spread out into thousands of villages I don't think there will be such a big influx except maybe a few villages in northern India so that is not going to be a problem for agriculture but that's going to be a problem for various businesses households and industry and above all construction industry which mainly depends on migrant labor so it is there are a lot of challenges out here it is not a simple situation it's a never before kind of situation the number of migrant labor in the country is somewhere between hundred and twenty two hundred and forty million people that many people moving from one place to another is a recipe for many problems unfortunately sixteen of them walking on the railway track and going they're so exhausted they slept on the track and a train just smashed through them in the night so these kind of unfortunate disasters are happening but there is a certain resilience to this country that it is capable of bouncing back because our economy is built in a certain way this is not run by a few corporations or this or that this is run by one billion Indians so it has the capacity to bounce back because our production and our consumption are largely within the nation itself well everybody has to look at many ingenious ways and innovative ways of doing things the same old way of doing things will not work for anybody not even for us here at isha is it going to work we'll have to change many things and innovate in many different ways to keep what we are doing going and everybody has to do this all businesses well a segment of businesses may become irrelevant new possibilities may come forth many many things are there these are challenging times for sure so as I said in the very beginning of the lockdown one concern is that people should not move towards starvation fortunately it's not happened well people have struggled a little bit but everywhere many organizations and the state governments all have responded and ensured there are no starvation deaths so if we ensure that one thing doesn't happen all of us are deprived of something that we had six weeks ago I think it's all right I think it's all right I know a lot of people are going to throw brick bats at me for this but I think it's all right we will live with a little less it's perfectly fine it's fine with me it should be fine with everybody that we will live with little less than what we were doing in many ways human beings have been in excess so now a little less is okay but we must ensure nobody stops nobody goes without basic nourishment if that one thing we take care of well in a few months it will bounce back but the problem is the whole virus situation is so volatile right now we were talking about breaking this lockdown on seventeenth when two weeks ago we spoke about it the fatalities in India was less than thousand today it's around twenty three hundred and fortunately it's all gotten squished to one segment of the country mainly Maharashtra Gujarat Rajasthan Delhi is the main hotspots and unfortunately Tamil Nadu no it's unfortunate everywhere but I'm saying this is an isolated happening they're all connected when we say Maharashtra for those of you do not know the geography of this country Maharashtra Gujarat Rajasthan Delhi these are all connected geographically so it's happening there in a big way Tamil Nadu is totally in the south but unfortunately it's happening here when the other states around us are free from it which has happened due to certain reasons I think at some point some study or investigation needs to happen why it happened the way it happened anyway but the number of fatalities are rising by the day I think right now every day about hundred and twenty to hundred and fifty people are dying in the country of virus it is way better than United States but that is not a either a solace or a solution because once we break the lockdown United States did not lockdown as rigidly as we did in spite of the lockdown this is happening once we relax the lockdown anybody's guess so I want all of you all of you wherever you are to understand the real responsibility of maintaining social distance and all the other protocol that's been repeatedly spoken about really starts from 17th onwards till now most of has been protected by isolating ourselves now when we have to step out and other people start coming and going this is when the real challenge happens this is when really how responsible and sensible we are matters after the lockdown is over when the economic process begins well will it go out of control or what will happen we have to see one pluses and minuses of this is well there is always people are comparing this to Spanish flu which happened in to a you know 2009 I'm sorry 1919 which killed over 50 million people 12 to 17 million people died in India alone Spanish flu why did it come to India it did not start in Spain it got the name because post world war one there was so much transaction from that place and it burst out there then it spread all over the place but we don't have to compare this to Spanish flu because Spanish flu largely killed people between 20 and 40 years of age this is killing people who are generally over 65 70 years of age or other vulnerable population with certain inherent problems in their system and another thing is the the the minus point of this one is it doesn't kill as quickly as Spanish flu but there is asymptomatic transmission in this with Spanish flu the moment you got it we would know you got it nobody would come near you but at that time we didn't have any antibiotics now we have variety of medicines even if we get infected there's a way to deal with that so we are not looking at that level of fatalities in the world but into what extent our activities will be crippled that is a thing well there is a whole lot of people who are saying you know scientific language is being thrown around by all kinds of people saying that we will develop herd immunity see to develop herd immunity about 60 to 70 percent of the population should get infected if this happens we will wipe out a significant segment of the geriatric population people over 75 years of age we will almost wipe out that population in the world and maybe infants below one year of age also and all the vulnerable people those who have been through transplants people with cardiac problems, diabetics and various other things are there which come under this category so all the vulnerable population we will be wiping out so herd immunity is not really a solution that way because that means we are deciding the very word herd is something i can't take when you refer to the human beings herd immunity you talk about this in animals the same thing we are talking about it about human beings because the viruses come from animals right now and this whole thing but it will wipe out the vulnerable population if you are looking at 70 percent infection around the world so how to stop it nobody has a clue only thing is we have some ideas about how to slow it down and the best thing you can do is how to enhance the immunity in your system we can give you a protocol how to maintain this in the ashram from in the next three days we will put out things as to how to enhance your humanity beyond what it is right now because from 17th onwards people from outside may start coming in transactions will happen we'll keep it to the minimum but still it's inevitable we can't be closed down forever this is true everywhere so it is important a few simple things do i have that sheet okay one thing is strict maintenance of social distancing this must become your religion okay that is if you're religious i'm saying otherwise this must become your sadhana well in the yoga center everybody is popping the neem ball in the morning neem and turmeric so in next two days the green ball will disappear only the turmeric ball will be there but there will be neem leaves so before you go for your morning sadhana you must take 8 to 12 leaves and put it in your mouth chew it and keep it in your mouth it's very important it's in your mouth it's most effective when it's in your mouth region so you must keep it in your mouth chew it for one to two hours let it be there don't wash it up don't drink it down let it just be there in the mouth do your sadhana with that wherever you are what no i'm just trying to avoid bad breath in the sadhana hall so wherever you are at least in this country you find neem leaf you can do that there could be other herbs and things in other nations where there is no only neem leaf but it's best you find out i don't want to suggest something i'm not very conversant with that turmeric balls every day mixing up if you have organic turmeric we will be we have been working on this probably in a month's time we will have a supply of a well-grown organic turmeric which may work out a little more expensive than the regular turmeric but it is best that way that every day you consume this in the morning and leave it in the stomach before you eat anything at least for one hour this will do wonders for you and nila vembu kashayam which we are distributing all over the villages here to the workers and everybody to the migrant workers and all this one thing we have noticed is in this part of Tamil Nadu where we are working there has not been a single case in the last two months not a single case one thing is effective social distance policing by us and the authorities and nila vembu kashayam and a few other things we are doing so if you maintain these protocols very easily you can enhance your immune system because ultimately that's the only way you have another thing is this is the amla season that is the nalikai for canada people the better nalikai so right now the season is on not those huge you know golf ball kind of amla that is all hybrid amla that is also okay if you don't find anything else but otherwise what grows in the hills is only this size you just smash one amla and put a little salt on it and just chew it you must keep it in your mouth and it's most effective once again in your mouth it must be just in your mouth for one or two hours these simple things will greatly enhance your immune system and to drink hot water about four to five times a day just plain hot water or you can put a little bit of coriander or mint or you can add a pinch of turmeric or even little lime juice and drink that regularly and well in your living spaces walking spaces places that you're using spraying of lash hall don't drink it don't inject it and this will happen here at the yoga center the we're planning how to accommodate them and what to do this may sound a little bit of discomfort for many of you but you have to do this the well never vulnerable population in the ashram will be separated from the younger population it is very important this is done because what may be perfectly fine for a young person another person could be fatal it could be fatal for the other person so we want to separate the vulnerable population this work is going on you must do this in your homes also if there are people beyond a certain age or they have some other ailment which makes them vulnerable it's important that you clearly separate yourself from them how long we don't know nobody knows it's anybody's guess right now if you look at the spanish flu the way it happened it started in the month of january it took a certain toll but it again the second wave happened in the month of august september that is when it took the maximum number of people so certain doctors and scientists are expecting a second wave will happen between october and december in most nations whether it will happen in india or not or it will happen across india because the weather conditions are very different from place to place here in this country in united states also it may be true the southern america how it works and the northern part of the country how it responds it could be different we don't know for sure because they've they've shown resilience to survive in any kind of weather there was hope when the summer comes they will go down but that's not happening now we have a new hope when the monsoon comes it'll go down this is just our hope the virus may learn to thrive in all these conditions there is no there is no proof that it will actually go down so the second wave when it comes when we relax our god and we start getting into activity when the second wave comes that is when humanity may pay a very large price so this is why we want to separate the vulnerable population every one of you in your homes if you have such people you must keep a clear distance absolute distance how long unfortunately we do not know how long nobody knows how long everybody is making guesswork don't do guesswork with people's lives and about the migrant labor and all this happening all of them need not necessarily come back to city if you ask me i've been talking to business groups and you know entrepreneurs around the world yesterday we had an event with thai today with the with a news channel so this is something i'm constantly trying to put this across this has been we've been doing this for over 15 20 years many people are listening little bit of action has happened but not enough action has happened the simple thing is just this the statistic says some 72 percent of the world's investment is just in some 31 or 32 cities or 36 cities i think when 72 percent of the world's wealth is centered in just a few cities why will people not move there naturally they will move there it's estimated in the next 10 years before this virus it was estimated that in 10 years time about 1.6 billion people will migrate in the world i want you to imagine the horrors of that 1.6 billion people dragging their women and children and you know picking up their staff leaving places where they've lived for generations for hundreds of years and going to another place the atrocities that they go through is unbelievable in india it was estimated 220 million people will move from rural india to urban india well those of you who are living in cities i want you to imagine let's say 10 cities in india 220 million people even if you distribute evenly which will not happen you can imagine the plight of those cities so one significant thing that needs to happen is investments must spread this whole manchester style of building industry because that's where this mass production system started and they brought it everywhere everything has to be done in one place everybody come to one place and work this has to go right now a whole lot of people are talking about working from home and stuff like this but this is only relevant to a certain band of people who do certain type of work but for others they have to go somewhere but that somewhere need not necessarily be concentrated in one city it needs to spread if we do not focus on this that across the 700 and odd districts in the country if you do not spread industry even if it's little difficult to begin with if we do not do that the migration will go crazy another thing is agroforestry agroforestry is a sure way of stopping migration because one reason why migrants movies whenever there is a drought in agricultural lands it happens every five six years or eight years there will be one big drought when that happens waves of migrations will happen people will leave their land and go to the city and they'll never come back if you had long term crops in your land if you have trees standing in your land you are not going to leave your land and go away because there is money standing there so agroforestry is one of the best ways to stop migration to the cities if we don't do that now our cities will become unlivable not just in india almost everywhere in the world this migration if this billion and odd people start moving and piling up in one city nobody can live well this idea of concentrated population is a hotbed for even a future pandemic if the entire we usually like to call this a global village if it was really a village i'm telling you the virus would be quite helpless because it's a city the one city itself is supposed to have 11 million population and how many cities have over 10 million population in the world there are too many why 10 million people have come to one place is it because they're in love with each other i don't think so simply because economic opportunity is all concentrated in one place this has to spread if we don't spread this not only in india across the world economic possibilities must spread across geography it's very very important agroforestry is a significant step in this direction this question is oh we have time okay last question please this question is from ahuti namaskaram sadguru women are socially conditioned to protect themselves since a childhood also in one of your talks you mentioned that survival instinct is stronger in them will this self-preservative mindset of a woman be a hindrance for her in the spiritual journey this happened in aland rai for those of you who do not know aland rai is a village just about 12 kilometers from here where we are actually it is named after an english man who was a hunter in this region an elephant hunter his name is alan and at that time you had to call them master all the english people the local people had to refer to them as master so in the local language it's dorai so it's alan dorai has become alan dorai so in this alan dorai two donkeys met real ones i mean to say four four-legged ones in case you're thinking i'm being nasty no real donkeys they met one was very well fed and doing well another one came and he was emanciated and looking quite pathetic then they got to talking and enquiring about each other they have no virus concerns so they're talking about their own life so one asked the other why are you stuck in this job with your own or see i escaped from my master i'm my own i go and eat what i want see how i am look at you pathetic creature then the other donkey said yes my master is a cruel man he hardly gives me any food he beats me he abuses me uses all kinds of bad words he even abuses my mother it's a common habit you know then the well-to-do donkey said why why are you with this guy why don't you just come come with me let's go away he said see he also he also has a young daughter he also abuses her similarly he doesn't spare her mother either and he also beats her with the same stick with which he beats me and he keeps threatening her if you don't behave one day i will get you married to this donkey so my job has better prospects survival instinct is a very strong thing it's not only women who have that when you create situations where they could be physically vulnerable then of course a woman's sense of self-preservation becomes very strong this is why this is why creating a civilized place that her physical weakness does not when i say weakness i'm not saying weak weak that way i'm saying muscular weakness compared to a man doesn't work against her it's very important this is why a spiritual space is created in such a way a woman need not think whether she's a man or a woman she can just go about as she wants this is very important because if you create a space where she's physically threatened naturally she will become very conscious about her survival process so this is the business of every civilization that this is the business of every society to create a situation where those who are physically weak children or woman or even men who are physically weaker do not feel vulnerable this is very important well a whole lot of men who are also only office going people if they see those muscular goons who are hanging around in the straight corner they will also feel all spirituality will go out of them they will also feel the survival instinct will come up because this is natural for everybody but because a woman is vulnerable in many different ways because of that it is absolutely important to create societies where there is no physical threat to her existence or her basic dignity if this is taken care of well survival instinct functions the same way in everybody actually i have always noticed in the initial parts of spiritual growth women always take very rapid steps men are you know they're trying to put two plus two together but their mathematics is not a mathematical knowledge is not helping them how to put two plus two together they keep struggling struggling struggling but they will come to a mid-range and women they'll get little distracted here and there this happened with gautama you uh what's her name it's a beautiful name what's gautama's woman disciple what's her name uh sangamitra so sangamitra argued with gautama why don't you let woman into the monkhood they should also become monks gautama is you know he is not he's not on the social media he was not he's unconcerned about other people's opinions so he said uh say if i have only male monks this order will live for twenty five hundred years that's what i'm planning we've reached twenty five hundred years now still alive but if i allow women it will die in five hundred years so she asked why is that then he said if only male male monks are here you can always have them attracted towards the buddha hood that means a quality but if you allow the female here initially she will go for the buddha hood then she will want to go for the buddha so to make her cross that middle step it's a bit of hard work but if she crosses that then when it comes to a sense of abandon a woman has a larger sense of abandon than a man it takes much more for a man to come to a sense of abandon because when he comes to that place his sense of self-preservation is stronger than a female thing the moment the woman feels well protected she easily comes to a sense of abandon see just see traditionally what's been happening or even now you do one thing you get a man married and send him to his in-laws house to live there you will see how he will struggle because he cannot make himself a part of anything he has to be like that she goes there if they're nice she becomes a part of that home absolutely more a part of that home than the people who are living there till now yes she will because she has a sense of wiping off her boundaries and becoming a part of what she involves herself in so it is a wrong way to look at it it is just the physical vulnerability is definitely higher in a woman so creating societies where that is not being exploited is most important it is because of this physical vulnerability this whole all kinds of humor around in the world going on about how a woman will always lie about her age and things like that this happened i think it's time we create a female version of Shankaran Pillai okay she went to a casino she has no name yet she went to a casino and she kept on in the in the role she kept on losing then the guy who is running the thing he said i've seen this work many times why don't you bet your age she said okay 29 she put it and then the role stopped on 42 she just fainted because age is vulnerability physical vulnerability that's why


So would this save outriders? Would this bring players back to play or would it just add another layer of grind? People just don't feel it's worth doing. That's what we talk about today. How's it going guys? My name's DPJ and if you enjoyed the video, leaving a like really helps out. And if you like what you see and want to see more outriders, be sure to subscribe. So I'm making this video right now with a thought process that many people actually watch in this video. Whether you've either stopped playing, don't play as much as they used to, or just waiting on new content for outriders. So I will explain what's going on for the people out there who don't have a clue here. So over the past month or so, maybe a little longer, many people have speculated about extra levels being added into outriders. For instance, weapons and armor raising to a level 52. Your character level raising to a 32. And this being on the basis of the great revival of the game. I personally have spoke about this actually not too long ago. When we saw a dude on Reddit post about he himself, logging in one day to find he had a weird level to his character, which was believed to be based on gear score as a total. This was determined by him on this same character having certain loot over a level 50. And when this high level loot was switched out to lower level gear, that character score dropped. Switch back, it raised. Not only this though, over the past few days we have seen further things which suggest extra levels might be coming. A video posted by Cloudplay shows someone having a level 32 character as well as level 52 weapons. I can't show the images of said levels myself as Cloud got a strike for doing that very thing. So I'm staying clear of that. But let me reassure you they were legit images. We also saw via dataminder images before this game's official release which showcased our main weapons being at a level 52. Now before we go any further, none of what has just been mentioned proves any such levels have been added into the game. Right now we don't know what's happening at all. But I do want to talk about what I feel extra levels to outriders would indeed do for the game. So right now our character classes are at a level 30. Adding two additional levels would no that mean adding two extra skill tree points. Now what could you achieve with an extra couple of points which would impact your build. Me personally, I feel two extra points would make a great difference for some builds I've tried in the past but couldn't quite reach a level with them which made them efficient enough. Two extra points would no that change that for the better. In terms of gear, weapons and armour it means we would no doubt be more powerful and have a higher armour stat. But it also adds another level of grind to the game. I mean yes you can level items up with or dropped by the resources but at a max of 1 million or 999,999 this number wouldn't be enough to level everything we have up. In fact we wouldn't even know what it costs to level an item up from a 50 to a 51 and then to a 52. No doubt though over 100,000 resources for sure. I'd also like to think they would add in two extra challenge tier levels to the expeditions at the same time for a place to use say gear we obtain or level up. Now in terms of what these extra challenge tiers could offer, the options here are limitless in reality. We could have dedicated loot if we obtained loot pools with these two extra tiers. We could have some kind of challenge modes to them. We could have reduced times, more enemies etc etc. The possibilities are endless here. I wouldn't mind also seeing the addition of a few extra mods for us to chase. That would indeed be great. Now I'm keeping it minimal with things I'd like to see here as I truly don't feel such changes would take too much work. I mean yes I'd love to see DLCs with new character classes, more expeditions, 50 new legendaries and 2 plus hours of additional story but something like that I don't feel is coming anytime soon. But the addition of extra levels wouldn't be too hard to incorporate in my opinion and it's more likely to come sooner than later. But what do you feel about this? What would additional levels do to you in terms of where you are at without riders right now? Would it bring you back if you start playing? Let me know down below. And yes guys, I've realised these changes would need to come after any fixed game needs or still needs. Let's not push those to the side. I'm really just making these videos. It seems the videos and images I am seeing of loot dropping above a level 50 seems to be more apparent by the day. These could be like most of us are thinking are muddied items and they probably are, but even still the room by circulation of extra levels being added into Outriders is definitely a possibility and it's an interesting topic. I personally feel additional levels would be good for the game. Yes they won't bring everybody back but I feel they will spring a little bit of life back into the game for sure. I feel right now Outriders of the game, many many people want to be good and would give it another chance if certain features were added. But we will see guys. But let me know your opinions on this down below in that comments section. And on that note, the end of the video has arrived. If you enjoyed it, leaving a like really helps out. If you're new around here and want to see more Outriders be sure to subscribe. And if you never want to miss a video I upload, you can turn notifications on by hitting that bell button. But guys, thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one.


Welcome folks Tommy O'Brien filling in for my dad Tommy's out today and we'll see where this market goes as we got a little bit of a rebound going on right now S&P is still negative by five points but we're about 27 almost 30 points off the lows we made earlier this morning those lows just when I was getting off the air things were looking a little bit shaky in the markets as you were down near about 30 points right now S&P is just down single digits you're right basically where we opened on Sunday night we have a rollover on the futures going on so even though you see a spike from the Friday close to the Sunday night futures open that's a rollover not indicative of the markets actually trading higher so we're basically where we open where we closed on Friday action S&P is off by five NASDAQ 100 we're off by 64 points that's about a third of a percent the red Dow in positive territory up about 40 points one tenth percent in the positive treating it 39,232 in the Russell negative by 14 right now and yeah Bitcoin's having quite a day quite a month quite a year well you call it everything man we're within $120 of all time highs you just made about three hours ago 73,375 you got to take a look at this thing on a daily it is a rocket ship man from October at 26,776 almost a triple bagger we're up three times that price point 73,350 right now in Bitcoin excuse me pretty remarkable acceleration it is not stopping man and I mean you back it up not to digress too much on Bitcoin but how about the run man in terms of futures getting approved right you get a pullback from 50,000 to 40,000 potentially a case of buy the rumor sell the news in terms of those spot Bitcoin ETFs getting approved no that was the buy 40,000 to 73,000 we'll see where it stops but it's not stopping yet man volatility to say the least you got Ethereum out there as well don't cover Ethereum but how about how about it look at the run this thing is having pretty close percentage wise you're up over 4,000 for the first time in Ethereum I know you were up as high as 4900 and Ethereum okay interesting you got to back it up Ethereum with a much higher high when Bitcoin was peaking out as well nonetheless at about 4,100 pretty remarkable all right back to regular markets we'll call crude jumping around as well up above $78 crude up 13 pennies at 7814 gold contract up above $4 at 2189 how about some of those gold equities rocking man people getting into that gold contract if you haven't tried out my dad's gold report folks he's got a new issue out today check it out at TFNN.com we'll jump through some of those gold equities later in the hour you jump over to the 10 year right now a little bit of negative price action the 10 year yield sitting just at about 4.1% 4.1 we're negative by 3 ticks right now excuse me 111 20 there's your action on the 10 year we're bouncing a bit off of the lows we made we jump over to the dollar index this afternoon dollar just chopping around 102 86 let's check in on the yen got to keep our eye on the yen man quite the acceleration from 150 and change down to 146 93 chopping around where you were on Friday as well expectations that the central bank of Japan bank of Japan they may be cutting for the first excuse me hiking hiking right got to recalibrate the brain as they go forward for the first time since 2007 I think you look at this thing on a longer-term basis a nice triple top up there at about 150 quite a move last week we'll see what this week has to do with the dollar yen action and where do we jump to for there well we jump back to yield and what do we have we have the CPI in focus tomorrow morning 8 30 a.m. CPI in focus the numbers they're looking for there okay you're looking for 0.4% on the headline 0.3% on the core that's month over month so 0.4 on a headline 0.3 on the core and then on the year they're looking for 3.1% on the year and 3.7 on the core so even if you go to core right let's just go to core for a second tomorrow 8 30 core consumer price indexes come out for the month of February the core you take out food and energy now crude has been chopping around a little bit higher but nonetheless you take out food and energy the numbers they're looking for our core again 0.3% on the month I got him right here on my phone and 3.7% on the year and the interesting part about that right now the Fed prefers the PCE okay but nonetheless they get this number that's the last economic number they're going to get the biggest one ahead of the March 20th meeting now we get PPI later we get retail sales we get consumer sentiment okay but CPI tomorrow morning is the biggest one for sure and then we have a Fed meeting nine days from right now on March 20th 0.3% on a monthly basis and 3.7% year over year 0.3 times 12 is 3.6 so if you annualize the expected month over month number right now of 0.3% you're pretty close to the year over year number on the core basis of 3.7 crude is going to make things a little bit more complex on the headline that's the reason why they take out crude and crude and food because their impact on those items they have less of an impact with their rates in terms of what happens to the price of crude what happens to the price of food they can be more volatile because of other circumstances but nonetheless it's still a pretty lofty number when you think about it the kicker though of course is that the Fed right now is sitting at 5.25 to 5.5% which is a pretty lofty level and at some point they're probably going to make the case that yes they have room to go yes they have work to be done but that they don't have to be as high as they are right now to be as restrictive as they need to be yeah now you know you look at chairman Powell this one was out here yesterday from Bloomberg they need just a bit more evidence was the quote out there we're not far from it that's pretty strong words from the chairman in terms of leading the market here he knows what the market is pricing in he knows the expectations the probabilities March is out the window he knows that nobody expects them to begin cutting in March but they do expect it in June and they may even expect it in May and so when he tells you we're not far off from it he knows the market thinks it's coming from June if the market if the data continues to come in line we'll see where we go now you look at their policy rates right the one thing you go back to the 80s right look at these peaks the peaks do not usually last that long now they did last that long in 2008 okay but they do not last that long 2005 2008 whatever the years are right they do not last that long these peaks usually the Fed especially when they go on a hiking cycle to this degree right at some point they start easing doesn't mean they drop off a cliff I mean you see what the late 80s early 90s what did it take five years they were on a cutting cycle there five full years but they started from almost 10 right nonetheless we get a little bit more information on March 20th in the chairman we get the CPI out 8 30 a.m. tomorrow and we'll see where we go from there man you jump over to NVIDIA NVIDIA shares right now 860 take a look at the 515 minute you're pushing the lows of the session right now and quite the drop off I mean 2.5 billion shares from NVIDIA folks you're talking about more than 250 billion dollars in market cap loss just from where this thing was trading on Friday pretty remarkable all right stay tuned folks we're coming back we'll be talking on mad Steve Rhodes we'll talk a little bit of market action we'll be back in three minutes don't go away


Yn y gweithio, mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r ysgolwch, ymddangos, ac ysgolwch â'r adau. Mae'r adau yn gweithio ar gweithio'r gweithio'r llwysoedd gwahanol yw'r adau sydd yn gweithio'r adau. Mae yna'r adau, ddyn nhw, ond mae'n rhywbeth i gynnwys gwych eich bod, y bydd y cyfrifarau gwahanol, yn gweithio'r adau, Cyngorau o boi o'r llac? Cyngorau o casetau, cdsau ac DVDs? Cyngorau o bwc? Yn yw'r munud ymlaenau clasru, rydych yn ôl yn gyntaf i ddweud hynny. cyngorau o ddweud hynny, yn cystod o gwrsŵau. Gyngorol teulu y rheswbau arnaeth o'r hynny? Cyngorol o ddweud hynny? Chwylwch yn cyrwyr, ymgoe, i ddweud hynny? O hynny, iddo eitTHaen o'r dyfodol ar el saethau arreu arall agor a'u cefaintol. So let's have a look at some of the more general issues when using the white board. Phaefbach ar ein bod ni'n makebethu i eisteddfod nhw'n eich bod ni should start with a clean board. Secondly, it's always very useful to make a board plan so that you know where things are going to appear on the board by the end of your lesson. Ychydig yn grannu i gyd yn cyfran o chi'n Chevor, oedd o'r arbennig yn gweithio. Mae gyd yn gweithio ar ffordd cyd-dwyg mae gyd yn gweithio ar y cwm узodau o'r tamliellach o feithio yn y cyfran o'r arbennig lle yr oedd yn gweithio arma o gydych chi'n ffynishio. Mae'r pan yn gweithio y gyd yn cyfran o'r atbydd gyda'n gweithio ar y gyrddreddau o'n gweithio. Fer y gwgeithio, mae oedd yn gweithio ychydig arda faint i livell ac olywyr ar ddwyng llawd y wneud yудd, a gan amser, ychwanegwch mewn gweld ar y gallu byddol iawn. Felly, ddwy'r gweithio ddweudau llawd, ar ddweud o'r argyffreddau llawd, ychwanegwch chi'n gweithio ar gyfrydiadau llawd, ac yw'r gweithio ar gyffreddau llawd, ddwy'r gweithio ar gyffreddau llawd. Mae'n fuddaid ei ei wneud oherwydd ymddangol iawn dweud o'r gwblion am y bwysig, bwyd, yn ddadig i'r ffynwys iawn i nesaf gwybod y dd gallu rhywbeth am ddoddiad ac mae'n ddoddiad o bach a hefyd yn ddoddiad. Fy enw'r digwydd ar y bwyd, mae'n ddoddiad yn ddoddiad ni'n meddwl i'r bwynt, ac roeddwn ni'n disgwylu'r hwnnw i'ch bod hwnnw. Felly efo'r eitwch gwybod, yn mynd o'r ddoddiad, mae'n glirio'r ddoddiad ll wishes. Yn gyfa'r hyn, mae'n ddoddiad hynny'n gilyd iummerwyr of visual aids and visual aids can include some examples such as real objects which we call realia, the use of pictures and photographs and also the use of models. So let's consider some of the ideas surrounding the use of visual aids. Why are they useful? Well first of all the use of a visual aid can reduce teacher talk time. It's very much more simple just to show a real object than to try to describe it so that we could just ask the students what is this and they would say this is a pen rather than trying to actually describe it. Again if we were trying to show examples of fruit and vegetables rather than to try and describe them why not use an actual model and this is going to be much more visually stimulating than me trying to just actually describe them. One of the things that that additional visual information does, studies have shown that by seeing things it actually aids memory. Another thing that these visual aids can do is that they can actually stimulate discussion by having some form of real object or photo etc then we can actually stimulate a discussion in some way and they can actually be used to illicit language. An example might be the use of a photograph so I might show my students a photograph in something like this and make sure that they can understand what it is, illicit language surrounding possible scenarios from that photograph and so on and so forth. It is quite important however when you're using a photograph of this type that you make sure that it is big enough for everyone to see. You don't want an example like this where we say okay what do you think of this and there's so much information there that the students can't actually see what it is that you're referring to so make sure that pictures can be seen by everyone. Finally in terms of the use of visual aids although we can buy certain objects and we can cut things out of magazines and newspapers and so on lots of ideas that we can come up with for visual aids we can actually make ourselves so anything that you don't have have a go at actually making it. Next a couple of issues surrounding the use of worksheets and work cards firstly these types of materials can either be bought or they could be made by yourself. Very often many of the book series that we use will have work cards in their teacher resource book. Worksheets and work cards are very useful because they can act as a prompt to introduce an activity or topic. They can also be used for roleplays and one of the things you need to be aware of when making worksheets and work cards yourself is that you need to make them durable so whenever you create a work card if you put it on some hard backing and then put it inside some cellophane or covered plastic just to make them durable and those types of work cards and worksheets can last for years. So examples of worksheets and work cards we may have in our teacher's resource book is quite possible that we may have some worksheets actually given inside there and work cards that we can use as activity sheets and things like games this is an example of snakes and ladders that we can use with our students to create language. So worksheets and work cards are very very useful. If we now consider what we might call the technology that we could use within the classroom then that could include things such as cassettes, the use of CDs, the use of DVD and video. Some general issues surrounding the use of these types of material make sure whenever using any of this type of technology that you know how it actually works. When using it for a listening activity for example how long does it take for the whole tape to play through how long does it take to rewind and so on. Other issues that you might need to think about is if you're using a cassette player or a CD or something that you set the volume level before you actually start the lesson so that when you switch on you don't shock everyone with a very loud sound or that they can't actually hear it. It's also make sure before the lesson takes place that the whole extract of whatever it is you're playing is actually useful and that it works. There's nothing worse than getting to the end of an extract of listening activity and the final bits of information that they need can't be heard because of the quality of the tape or whatever. The ideas around using CDs and so on they have a variety of uses that are good for different types of activity and they can certainly act as a prompt and create interest in a particular topic. Also because they're not used all that often they can be very motivational but it is important that they are used in the right way and we should make sure that whenever we use this type of material that it has some educational purpose and it's not just seen as something special that takes place during the lesson. The next item we're going to consider is the use of dictionaries and here perhaps the first thing we should do is to make a distinction between the two main types of dictionary and that distinction is between the monolingual and the bilingual dictionary. In a monolingual dictionary you have a word and its associated meaning and those two are both described for example in English so the word and the description of that word are both given in English whereas a bilingual dictionary that word meaning could often be for example the word given in English and the explanation given in Thai and vice versa. So what can we use a dictionary for? Well within the dictionary itself obviously we can get things like how words are spelled so the spelling of the word we can also get the pronunciation of that word because most dictionaries will involve the phonemic symbols that go along with that word and it's very helpful for the students to be able to pronounce it correctly. It could also give us ideas on what part of speech that that particular word can be used for so quite often after the word in the dictionary there'll be letters like N or ADV for noun and adverb and so on and so forth. Another thing that it can do is to sometimes show you a typical context of that word so within some dictionaries they actually give example sentences showing how that word can fit into context. It's quite important that we don't allow students to overuse the dictionary within the classroom itself but having said that there are some very useful homework activities that we can get the students to do by using their dictionary which is much more suitable. Our next item that we're going to consider is the use of resource books. There are many different types of resource books available and within those books there tends to be a general pattern and typically the resource book pack will come in a three book series and typically that three book series will be in the form of the student book, a workbook and a teacher's resource book. So for example here are those three books for this particular series called Total English and in the student book the type of information that we can gain from here is the actual background to the teaching points themselves plus some additional information in terms of short worksheets and so on and so forth and tape transcripts at the end for listening activities which these days often come on a CD rather than a cassette. So within the student book itself what this will give us is the actual information for the teaching point. The workbook will often give us activities that are very useful in an ESA lesson for the study phase of the lesson and the teacher's resource book will not only give us some additional background to the actual teaching point but it often gives activities that are useful for the activate phase of an ESA lesson. So the three books contained within the book series basically will provide us with all the information that we need to know for the actual lesson content itself, activities to do during the study phase and activities to do in the activate phase. Now quite often some of the activities that are suggested here may not be culturally suitable or we may not have covered the exact teaching points as they have in the book. So very often the activities taken from the workbook and the resource book would need to be adapted or changed in some way. Let's just consider next when using these resource books the student book the workbook and the teacher's resource book what are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using those types of materials. Well firstly the main advantage perhaps of using these types of material is that it's quicker than actually creating your own. Secondly the course books that you will get will be graded for a particular level so there'll be a set of books for the starter level, a set of books for the elementary level and so on and so forth. So you know that the activities and materials in there will have been graded for level. The use of the book can also offer continuity so that the syllabus has been covered in a particular way by the book itself and it's presented in a logical order. Another advantage of using these types of books is the students often expect it and finally they are good for inexperienced teachers who are perhaps not able to create all of the materials that they need for themselves. Having said that particularly looking at that advantage for the last one then some of the disadvantages of using these they shouldn't be used for the whole class because just using that course book can become very boring. Other disadvantages the books themselves will not have been created for every type of class and situation that you teach so do they actually cover the needs and interests of your class. Another possible disadvantage is that because these books have been created by large companies they always tend to be something of a compromise. It's very unlikely that these books have been created and set up for any particular teaching situation. Also another disadvantage is that over reliance on it can mean that the book is actually dictating what is being taught and obviously it should be the other way around. Our teaching should then lead us into what can we use from these books rather than the books telling us what we need to teach. Another final disadvantage very often it's not our decision which particular type of book that we have to use and very often either we or our students don't actually like the presentation that's given in that book. So how do we actually make best use of the course book? Well just a couple of factors that you need to keep in consideration when using these types of material. Use the course book to help you create a balance lesson in terms of the range of skills that are being taught and the actual types of material within that be it grammar or vocabulary. Secondly don't use it all the time particularly with things like activities we can create our own materials and we can tailor those materials much more specifically to the actual class that we're teaching as very often the actual creations in the book are very general we can make our own materials much more specific. Third thing you need to be aware of is that you can't always rely 100% on the information that's presented in those books both in terms of accuracy that there are very often mistakes and secondly the way in which the information is presented may not be the best way for your students to understand it so you may need to actually change the way that the books present the material to make it more understandable for your students themselves. Finally it's very important that you actually match the material that's given in the book to your particular student's needs within any particular lesson they may have an equal focus on various types of skill and information but your students may need more work in one particular area than that book actually presents so don't rely just on the information given in the book think about what your students need what do I need to add to it what should I take away and so on and so forth. So four different possible approaches to using the course books may be to omit to replace to supplement or to adapt with omit basically what we mean is that we leave out selected parts of the material presented in the book either a single part of a lesson or indeed a whole lesson or maybe even two or three lessons in a row so we omit certain parts of the book. We can replace material within the book with what we think is more suitable material we can supplement additional material into what's already given in the book so in areas where we think our students need more help we can add additional material as appropriate and we can adapt so sometimes we would perhaps like to use our own style of materials based on the information that's given in the course book rather than the course book materials themselves. Just to finish this section on materials we'll have a look at the difference between what are called authentic and created materials. Authentic materials as the name implies are actual materials that are created for any reason outside of the classroom so examples of authentic materials would be things like newspapers those are generated for the general public and they're certainly not generated for the use in the classroom however they can be used within the classroom. Other ideas would be things like songs and poems and even things such as brochures and magazines and indeed menus from restaurants. So these are materials that all can be used within the classroom but they have not been created for that purpose whereas created materials as the name implies have been produced purely and simply to be used in the classroom. Examples of these would be flashcards, crosswords that have been created within the teaching material that we've got and at a lower level than crosswords we have things like word search and we could also include things such as picture stories, role play cards and games. In terms of the materials that you use in the classroom what we should try to do is to create a good balance of authentic versus created materials. Authentic materials have certain advantages in that because they are real the students tend to give them a little bit more value than those that have been created so try to have a balance of authentic and created materials within your activities.