Okay, move out. In 20 years of Cold War, the United States 7th Army and its NATO partners have guarded the boundaries of freedom in Western Europe. This mission has called for a lot more than just routine guard duty. It has demanded that our defending forces be not only constantly alert, but also continuously abreast of the rapid advance of weapons technology. This film presents a case in point. It shows how a powerful new weapon, the Pershing Surface-to-Surface Ballistic Artillery Missile, is being integrated into the 7th Army's arsenal of modern weapons. In 1966, the Weapon System Evaluation Group of the Joint Chiefs of Staff placed a requirement upon the Army to evaluate the Pershing missile system for a specialized employment role, designated Quick Reaction Alert Mission. Previously, such evaluations had been made of the Navy Polaris. The weapon system as a whole can perform a specialized employment mission. Can another system do the job better? Just how effective is the total composite of men, methods, and materiel? At Feihingen, West Germany, personnel of the 7th Army Pershing Operational Test Unit initiate the evaluation program. Here, plans are made for execution of the entire program, which was divided into two phases. First, demonstration and shakedown operations, DESO for short, and second, operational test firings. Such matters are decided as the specific rounds to be fired. Artillery units to conduct the tests are chosen. Logistical support plans are made, and time schedules worked out. In short, everything is planned for meeting program objectives. An unsuspecting 7th Army unit stationed at Schwabisch-Gemun was selected for the initial demonstration and shakedown operation. The word to assume field alert status is received. The selected battery is aware that now every minute counts. Under the watchful eyes of the battery commander and staff officers of the battalion, field alert status must be attained in minimum time. Now begins more than six weeks of hard, unrelenting effort. No one is allowed to forget the time element. Everything must be readied for a formal verification of field alert status by the evaluators. The program calls for more than just a test of equipment. Teamwork, operational concepts, tactics, and procedures are equally on trial. How effective is logistical support? How fast can field alert status be reached? How long does it take to fire after the release message is received? What about reliability and accuracy? In brief, how effective is this man-machine combination? Once the battalion receives verification of its field alert status, its missiles are flown to installations in the United States. The mock firings have answered many questions. But the big question remains, accuracy. Fort Sill, Oklahoma, went the missile body sections. Here, these sections were to be fitted with instrumentation by the Army Missile Command's Pershing Project Manager's office team. In this building, on board instrumentation was installed to make possible the collection of flight performance data for further technical evaluation of the Pershing system. The warhead sections used by the battery while on field alert status were flown to the Seneca Army Depot, New York for instrumenting by depot personnel. The instrumentation installed here will make possible the collection of warhead performance data without actually exploding a warhead. So, since firings cannot be conducted in heavily populated Europe, battery personnel are soon following their missiles to a firing site in the United States. In this case, Gilson Butte, Utah. Big planes wait. The firing site is only hours away. Battery down at the Utah firing site in as nearly as possible the same state of alert as they had been in the field in Europe. Had been inspected and inventoried before shipment from West Germany. The Intercontinental Airlift affords an excellent opportunity to test the system's transportability and to train handling personnel. In the future, some units will land at other bases. For example, Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico. Essential for test purposes was brought along. The battery heads for the Gilson Butte firing site. Some 300 miles to the south. Gilson Butte. This is a battery from Fort Sill sent to support the 7th Army tests. They bring with them the body sections of the missiles which had been flown from Europe and instrumented at Fort Sill. They also bring that equipment not essential to the quick reaction alert exercises but still needed to fire the missiles. Sections for this particular test were shipped by rail from the Army Seneca Depot. Is Gilson Butte for which the firing site was named. Material and missiles are arriving. Things are simulated as closely as possible. Everything is done at a fast pace. But there are few complaints. These men are justifiably proud to be entrusted with this new weapon, Pershing, the Army's biggest single punch. Now the firing battery prepares to assume field alert status. This time the firing operation is called DESO. Meaning demonstration and shakedown operation. The DESO series of firings are to precede the full-fledged operational tests. Not only firing unit but also artillery and missile range support operations and equipment must be checked out. Over 400 nautical miles to the southeast lies White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The 7th Army Pershings were to impact within range boundaries. Range support is provided through the Army Missile Test and Evaluation Directorate's Pershing Project White Sands Missile Range. The missile range's vast resources include a richly experienced staff of scientists, engineers, and technicians. Also the range's extensive specialized facilities are available for support of the 7th Army Pershing tests. At Gilson Butte the troops stay constantly on the alert. Without warning the release message to fire may come at any time. Everything must be kept in readiness to begin the final countdown. The 7th Army Evaluators never seem to sleep nor do members of the Department of Army Data Collection Team. The Field Artillery Missile Systems Evaluation Group from Fort Sill and the Pershing Project Manager's Office Team from the Army Missile Command. Every action is timed and recorded for evaluation. Economy demands that data for as many purposes as possible be collected during the missile's flight. However, all observers are careful not to interfere with operations. The idea being to keep conditions as tactical as possible. This layout of the firing site is a typical one. Note the 3,000 foot radius outer circle. All personnel not participating in firing operations must remain outside its limits. Access to the area inside the 1,000 foot radius circle is limited to personnel taking part in firing operations. And the area within the 500 foot radius circle is open only to personnel directly engaged in executing or evaluating the fire mission. At this site, Picatinny Arsenal personnel check out warhead fuses and instrumentation before they are issued to the troops. At these points, our vans housing a missile tracking system known as ELSI standing for electronic sky screen equipment. This system receives telemetry signals from the missile and by means of phase comparison, instantly displays the position of the missile, a prime source of data for use of the flight safety officer during the first portion of powered flight. Here is the control center for firing operations. In the center, everything is coordinated by the test director, the project range controller and the chief of the evaluation team. At this site is the mobile instrumentation support system. Here, control, check out and recording services are provided for missile born telemetry systems as well as for command destruct receivers and radar beacons. The firing pit is near the launchers. The operational plan is to fire three of four missiles located at points called Alpha, Bravo, Charlie and Delta. Upon receipt of the release message authorizing the unit to fire, programmer test stations at Alpha and Charlie will simultaneously begin counting down. The first missile to reach remote light blinking status will be designated the prime round by project control. Let's assume the round is Alpha. Soon after Alpha fires, the count will be resumed for the secondary round. At the same time, Alpha's programmer test station will move to a forward missile position. Upon firing of the secondary missile, its programmer test station will move forward. Again, the missile to be fired will be the one first to reach remote light blinking status. It is X-Day, although firing personnel do not yet know it. Radars at strategic points along the missile's flight path are ready to record trajectory data for post-flight analysis. Radar also provides a continuous plot of the flying missile's position for flight safety use. Here, flight safety personnel check out a plotter which will continuously predict the point of impact should the missile born destruct charge be detonated at any given instant. Should the missile's course become erratic, a radio signal will explode the destruct charge at the proper time to assure impact in a safe area. Extremely powerful optical trackers are prepared to photograph the flight to obtain position as well as attitude and event data. Such data is invaluable for analyzing any missile malfunction that might occur. A number of telemetry stations are set to receive multiple channels of information on various on-board functions. This data is used for both flight safety purposes and post-flight analysis. The DESO release message, meaning authorization to fire, is received at Battery Control Center. Word is passed to the firing unit to start the countdown. Many miles away, recovery teams stand by to retrieve missile debris and on-board instruments. Thus classified items are safeguarded and missile remains are made available for post-flight engineering analysis. Geodetic surveyors also wait to fix the exact point of warhead impact. At far distant points, roadblocks briefly prevent entry into areas of possible danger. Just continuously evaluate wind measurements. The occurrence of very strong winds could conceivably delay the firing. The weather forecasters keep the missile project posted right down to firing time. The second stage, into White Sands missile rain, extensive data reduction facilities, the raw flight data is converted into meaningful term. In the form of final reports, the data will be supplied to all organizations interested in purging missile test results. In the months that followed, the Seventh Army program continued, and the efficiency of operations steadily grew. For example, two purging missiles were launched at the same instant, something that had never been accomplished before. That overall operational plans are sound. Daily, personnel gain valuable new experience and proficiency. And over the next few years, many more Seventh Army purging troops will conduct state-side firing. They will return to their NATO bases with added confidence in their ability to employ their potent weapon. And the free world as a whole can feel more secure, knowing that the Army purging is ready, a hard-hitting part of NATO's arsenal.


In this video we're going to walk through how we can use the stack, how we can access it, how we can manipulate it, how we can get it to do things that we're interested in. For this example, I have a kind of generic block of code, it's not going to do anything really meaningful, but it will allow us to do everything we're really interested in. I have a handful of registers, and then I've got a big block of memory. Up at the top it's got some allocated memory, something that some other function has used. And then everything else in green is unallocated memory. I have a stack pointer here telling me, I have a stack pointer here telling me where the demarcation between allocated memory and unallocated memory is. Then I've divided the memory up into word size blocks so that all of them are going to be 32 bits. All of my memory access operations this time are going to involve 32 bit objects. So this will work out really nicely, it will be relatively easy to understand what's going in where it's going in. So the first instruction I have says that I should subtract 8 from my stack pointer. So this has the effect of declaring 8 bytes of memory as allocated now. It's been allocated for me, so it's not being used by somebody else. And it's not considered unallocated memory. So this memory is useful for me. I can take this, I can do whatever I need with it. The next instruction says I should take the data in S0 and copy it to the region of memory specified by the stack pointer plus 0. So there's my stack pointer, I go up to 0 more bytes. And I copy in the 32 bits from S0. So that will fill up memory region from stack pointer to stack pointer plus 3. So the bytes stack pointer plus 0, stack pointer plus 1, stack pointer plus 2, and stack pointer plus 3 will all be used to hold that value. In this case it's 15, and we know we got it from S0. So I've written that into the memory cell. The memory cell itself only remembers the 15. But this can be useful, especially if you've got variables. Our next instruction says we should copy the data from S1 into stack pointer plus 4. So now that value of 8 goes into stack pointer plus 4, stack pointer plus 5, stack pointer plus 6, stack pointer plus 7. So those four bytes will be used to hold the value of 8. Next I have a load word instruction. The load word instruction says go to stack pointer plus 0, copy that data out, and put it over in T1. So now I have 15 as the value of T1. Next I'm going to calculate the value of T0 plus T1, and I'll stick that in T2, so we get 22 there. Now I'm going to allocate another four bytes of space on my stack. So you can see my stack pointer moved down. I've got more memory allocated for me. But this hasn't affected anything that I'd already put on the stack. But now I can store something in there. So I'm copying T2 into that newly allocated region. Next thing is an add instruction. So I'm going to add T1 plus T2, which gives me 37, and I'm overwriting S0. So S0 now has the value of 37. But the memory location that I previously stored S0 into isn't changed. It still has that original value of S0. So changing the registers directly is not going to affect what happens in memory. So again, if I do a subtraction operation, I update the value of S1. That doesn't change what I've got up here in memory. But I can change the values that I've got in memory. I can overwrite them by, say, using another store word. So now I'm writing the current value of S1 into stack pointer plus 4. So I go to the current value of stack pointer. I go up 4 bytes, and I use those 4 bytes to store the value of 14. So it's important to notice that we are using the current stack pointer, not the original stack pointer, the way we did with S1 the first time. So the load and store word instructions are going to work the same way every time. They're not going to remember anything for you. They're just always going to work on whatever data you give it. Lastly, I'm going to increment my stack pointer by 12. This has the effect of deallocating all that memory that I used. So my stack pointer is back where it started, but you'll notice all that data that I put into memory is still there. It's not going to go away just because I've deallocated that memory. I could actually go read that data right back out now. But because it's in deallocated memory, it's considered fair game for anything else that needs it. Most likely this would be another function call, but my code could decide to go back later and allocate some more memory for itself as well. One other point to make at this point is that we can allocate and deallocate memory in any size that we want. When I'm writing code, I like allocating large blocks of memory. If I know that I'm going to need to put five integers onto my stack, then I'll just make room for five integers. And then when I get to the end of my function, I'm ready to deallocate memory. I just deallocate all of the memory that my function allocated. I do that all at once. This turns out to be more efficient than the alternative. This is nice in that it's fast, it's effective. But not everybody likes this strategy. This thing is called a stack, so some people like working with it as though it was in fact a stack. So alternatively, you could decide that you really want to have push and pop operations available to you where you would allocate some memory and put some data in.  In most cases, that will work just fine. But if you have to pop several things off your stack, then you may have trouble getting to some of your data that you put on there early, but some people really like using the stack metaphor here. And that will work. You certainly can use that. That is essentially the idea that we've got here, but we can also think of our stack in terms of the frames. Where each function pushes a frame on and pops that frame off when it's done. Inside the frame though, we're not too worried about how the memory is allocated and deallocated.


All right, mayong adlao! Wawang hina, mayong adlao! So, how many of you guys here are involved with startups? Serious your hand, I just wanna see? Wala, really. How many of you, oh, there at the back, thank you. How many of you are devs? Startup founders, developers, nice, thank you. Freelancers, how many of you here are freelancers? Nice, all right. What about? Sorry, parang hindi ko magamit ang clicker. So, how many of you here can code at all? Nice, so same, ako hindi din ako marunong magcode. Now, ito yung matinde. How many of you don't know why you're here? Raise your hand. We call these types of people nakidnap. So, if you're kidnapped, don't worry, hopefully you'll enjoy this afternoon because here's what I want you guys to understand. Thank you for showing up, 80% of success is showing up. And of course, I just wanna be, I just wanna share gratitude to WordGam for inviting me here. And, yeah. Now, since you guys showed up, here's what I have in store for you guys. So, in the next 30 minutes or less, hopefully I can deliver four things for you guys. Okay lang ba? Number one is profitable. I'm gonna be sharing something that might be very profitable for you. How many of you like money? Wow, nice. More energy when it comes to money. That's very interesting. Thank you. How many of you want more meaning into your life? When I say meanings, thank you. When I say meaning you wake up, siguro marami kang para, but sometimes there's just times in your life where you wake up and nakakainis naman to, you just don't feel like working. So hopefully I can give you guys that something scalable as well and impactful. So what's the difference between meaningful and impactful? So sometimes, for me, what is meaningful is a vacation. Is that necessarily impactful? Siguro sa mga turis to the places I go to, right? So, okay lang ba? In the next 30 minutes, I'll be showing you guys this. Raise your hand if you're okay. All right. So, let me just introduce myself. I'm Chris. And I started my business in my living room. Now, it's a very interesting thing because when I started business, whenever it rains, I will always remember because it would drip in my living room. The best part here is that we started my company with four people. Two of them are no longer part of the company. But one of the biggest insecurities we have is that when we have guests, we cannot even use our own toilets because it's clogged. So it's very interesting. Now, after a few years, we scaled to, we've moved offices. We've moved offices and we've scaled to around four people. Now, I'm a founder of three startups, CV, Primoff and Prime Media Hub. I'm a senator in JCI. I've helped businesses scale. If you've seen here, one of our clients have scaled to 2.6 million dollars. We've helped businesses all over the world scale from six figures per year turning seven to eight figures per year. And we even have local startups who are earning over 100 or 300 plus thousand dollars in the Philippines. So, pretty good stuff, right? I'm digital marketer certified and I'm currently studying at Cornell University digital business leadership. Now, there's a lot of talks with technology. And what's fun here is that despite the fact that technology has evolved in a way where frankly speaking, I mean, life has been very comfortable at this age and time. There are still tech and moral problems to think about. So, for example, misinformation, deep fakes, guide. This guy was pretending to be Tom Cruise. How many of you have seen the Apple Vision Pro sa keynote? Yeah, man. Masarap magpaboodol kaya Apple. Right? Responsible adoption of tech and disruptive. Responsible adoption of disruptive tech. For example, every time we create new and disruptive tech, there are things that pop up that we don't take into account. For example, when we were, when the railroads were created, one of the pitches was that they were able to cure tuberculosis faster. But what ended up happening was that the spread of the disease was spread faster because of the railroads. So it's very interesting. And the biggest question here is that as we create more technology, more disruptive tech, who's accountable? How many of you have created a new account sa social media ni Mark Zuckerberg threads? Raise your hand. One, two, yeah. So it's very interesting. Because there's so much controversy coming from that tech. So the question is who the heck are we taking into accountable? Look at these guys. They're the founders of multi-billion companies and yet they're fighting in a cage match. Don't mind me. I'm not judging them. This for me, this is the most entertaining part of the year. I love this so much. What's the word I'm looking for? I didn't even think this was possible. But the point here is that these are the people that are basically creating these technologies. And here we are. We're going to see them beat each other up. So really exciting stuff. Chat GPT. How many of you have ever used chat GPT? Raise your hand. How many of you like chat GPT? Nice. How many of you don't like chat GPT? That's honest. So S.A. Joe in 5 minutes chat GPT. And here's the fun part. One thing I don't like about this is that a lot of people use A.I. for shortcuts. A.I. would be a very great tool for what's the word I'm looking for? For people who have mastered the game. Right? If you've mastered coding, if you've mastered copywriting, A.I. is a pretty good tool. Okay? So there even came a point in my life where ya, you know, rather than ask me questions, maybe you could google it. Now ngayon hindi na google chat GPT na. Right? If you could use chat GPT, that would be great. And there was even a point in my life where I run a company, a digital marketing company and using chat GPT I've narrowed down or siguro our productivity increase maybe 10 to 20 times. But here's the thing, I've also realized that chat GPT is also a very scary disruptive tech for my field. Right? When I realize that chat GPT can do my job for me. So very interesting stuff. Okay? Now and if left unchecked disruptive tech we would be creating cyberpunk dystopias. How many of you are excited for cyberpunk dystopias? Di ba may mga blade, mantis blades and all of that? Right? But then again, what is life like when that happens? Okay? At the end of the day, the rich would be richer, the poor would still suffer despite the despite the advancement of tech. Okay? Human desire tends to be and I might butcher may I pronounce this incisable. So if left unchecked we would be creating cyberpunk dystopias which is something that we would like to avoid assuming war doesn't kill us first. So this is why going back to Maslo Syarchy of Needs. How many of you are familiar with Maslo Syarchy of Needs? Raise your hand? Yeah. So a lot of people think that the top portion of Maslo Syarchy of Needs is self-actualization. Right?  Transcendence is a realm beyond that. Okay? And that's what I want to share tonight. So this is a spiritual concept. Now it's weird, right? We're in a tech event and we're talking about spirituality and don't worry guys I'm not going to be reaching religion. But this is a very interesting concept. In Kabala which is a topic for another day they believe in two universes. The universe of knowledge and the universe of truth. The universe of knowledge is our physical according to them is our physical world. It's how we experience the world. So human limitation power human potential self-actualization we're able to physically take power into our own hands and choose what we want out of life. But at sometimes at the cost of burnout. For example how many of you here consider yourself self-made? Like you in some way or form you grew up struggling and you've made it in some way or form. Raise your hand. Yeah. Right? So that's what's amazing.  Okay? The universe of truth is a bit different. So it's like letting go and letting God letting go of your ego. It's more intuitive. There's a flow in your workspace. Like flow flow is like flow. You've siguro in sports, you know, if you've watched Kuro Kono Basque that's flow. The magic eye thing that they have. Right? There's meaning. There's grounding. There's love. There's transcendence. Tatavamasi all of that stuff. So and the whole point here is that we merge knowledge and truth and that becomes our entire being. Okay? So we're using technology and spirituality to be basically. And here's a technique and a very simple concept for us, a framework that you can use to conjure this concept into your startups and your company into your life. Okay? It's called design thinking. Some of you have how many of you have heard of this before? Design thinking. Okay? Design thinking is not you designing posters. So it's you creating frameworks that impact the most. Okay? So number one, you empathize, you have to remember that technology was made for people. Technology was made for people to use to solve problems to what's the word I'm looking for? To help solve a pain point in someone else's life. Okay? So tao, you're solving a problem for somebody or for a certain demographic of people. Your technology is not there to serve itself. Okay? Next. Right? So you empathize what sort of problem do I want to solve out of life? Right? In life. Then next, you define what's your problem statement? And one of the best techniques that I've learned while working with communities is the five why's. You ask why five times. Okay? So why are people poor? Because of this, because of that, why? Because maybe this, why? Until you reach the root cost. Usually it only takes five times. One thing that would help you guys define better is that for most people, sometimes they don't use avatars. They don't define who their customer is. Or they don't define who they're making this new feature or product of technology. So, avatars involve knowing what their goals and values are. What sources of information they get. Demographic. Tagasaansila. Are they from Iloilo? Are they from Manila? Are they from Europe? Maybe North Korea? What's their challenges? What's their pain point? What objection to the sale do they have? And from here you create ideas. And from creating ideas, you prototype. You create the prototype and here's where most tech companies also don't, here's why most tech companies also don't make money. They don't make customer value journeys. A customer value journey is basically how you, how you convert someone who doesn't know what your brand is into raving fans who share who would share your business. And of course there's earning beyond the form, right? Like, for example, with McDonald's, right? How many of you know what business McDonald's is in? And it's not the burger business. It's real estate. So, and you test the idea. Now, real life example, so we've created how has design thinking manifested in our startups. So, one of my startups is called CV. So, it's not a play on my name. It's what it kinda is. Curriculum Vitai. So, it's a freelance marketplace. And how we got here is that when I was creating one of my other startups, Primoff, it's a digital marketing agency. I found out that number one, how many of you have realized that when you're really good at something, there's just too many clients to accept. Basically, you have a certain capacity only to deliver results, right? So, limited, you only have a limited number of clients that you can accept, right? So, and from there, I've come to realize that, okay, I can't be selfish here. You know, I can't just be selfish here and not refer or not give others the opportunity to close these high ticket clients. So, what we've decided to create is we've decided to create a freelance marketplace for digital marketing. Well, for most virtual careers, but for now, we're starting with digital marketers and scale, basically. Now, one of the things we've also done is we've partnered with with certain organizations. These these are from preso foundation. How many of you are familiar with preso foundation? So, these guys are people who are helping ex-cons go back to society, right? So, we've partnered with organizations like them. We're in, we've trained and teach their clients and what's best about me is that what I like about partnering with them is that they do the filtering, right?  And here's the fun part. Some of their clients have never held laptops before. Some of their clients have never even imagined that it was possible for them to create websites. And it's only possible because of today's technology. We have partnered with organizations who are single moms, single moms and mothers who have also never made websites in the past, be able to create websites in less than two weeks. So, it's a whole new other crazy experience. So, imagine, people deprive of liberty through education and through the marketplace were given jobs through CV, okay? So, and it's not just these companies, right? I'm gonna show you guys some examples of other ways you guys can also do design thinking. So, maybe, you could also start using AI to create your ads or create, use AI to supplement something that people need, for example, add creatives at AI, use AI for companies to create paid ads. Or maybe, you could leverage what is already existing. GHL is a software company, software as a service company where they help agencies basically scale and save over $6,000 per month with whatever they have, right? Next, this could also be a very disruptive way. If you have, if your start-up has the capacity to charge whoops, this might be the wrong company but there's a company here where there are creatives company and it's called No Limits Creatives.  So, and it doesn't stop there. It doesn't have to be a software. It doesn't have to be a tech company. Maybe it's hardware. So, Miki Agrawl, Tushy, her business is basically toilet seats. And it's geared towards a more comfortable experience for women. So, she's using hardware, technology, toilet seats to scale. This guy, I don't know how to pronounce his name but this guy is basically changed the way sanitary napkins how accessible sanitary napkins is in India. So, and this history is actually pretty interesting. He noticed that his wife was suffering and then for some reason to test his product he actually started using it himself. So, his entire town thought he was crazy and actually ostracized him. His wife left him but eventually what he created has helped so many people at least in his community. And I leave you guys with this. At the end of the day tech and spirituality may not be that what's the word I'm looking for that far apart. So, if tech and spirituality aren't aligning with your business then you're not looking hard enough. So, with that said, thank you.


You just played so glitchy.  Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. Now we're gonna get defensive rally freanie. Oh mid zone There's no way like Mid zone not mid zone knockout.  Yeah, I don't like clicking on when there's three people there I don't know who they're gonna give me. I'm just you just click it on the pray like They just got no animation like me cool. Can we get going like what type of animation was that? Please Metcalf, there we go. Nice Okay, I know how to get by him like that then Let's go Gordon When you run zone drops you gotta you gotta be set on the defense you're gonna run before you come out of the huddle You know, everybody know what I'm saying like you have to know this defense I'm gonna run 40-yard cloud flats no matter what and I feel like that's just your handicapping yourself at the line of scrimmage Honestly when they motion that means I gotta go with the crossing room here Go cross the condor see those five-yard zones are just like they're like you're not really doing anything over the middle of field short So that way I can I can put my flats Like here it's third and 14 So I put a cloud and I still have five you maybe could put your yellows on on ten now But like I said third and long you can't give up ten yards So they'll get it easy fourth down you almost have to play third down like it's like it's like Good sack good pressure now right here. I'm actually gonna play the sticks. I really shouldn't do this But I'm gonna call time out Cuz now it's fourth down so now I'm gonna put my hooks on ten yards shade down purple Put him in a quarter. I gotta back this guy up. He's in the cloud That's it if he throws something to the right side of the field. He's just better than me And route them all over. He's just going up top swap, please nice No, I don't leave a swap. I don't really leave soft squats ever. There's only certain times where I want to leave a soft squat. I Baseline every play dude But you can set baseline to where you don't have to do it I feel like I run into so many people that don't know that you can set that in coaching adjustments Baseline every play And he where Ward at any what are we doing tonight and he talked to me? Are y'all ready? Yeah, I need a Henny and Ward Has a Randall cutting him not the worst quarterback I'm done moving my safeties for real for real. I'm really done. I'm done. I'm just like I'm moving the wrong way every time No, we can't miss that tackle, bro, I got a guard that bro pick. Oh damn. That's unfortunate. Oh, and can we crib it?  He was looking strong Well, we can't have that much time folks like we like that was too much. Come on now. Oh Lord. What a missile Dude, he's getting too much time right now. Come on, man. Oh My god, he rarely ran. He did all those fake hot routes in my hand. Oh my god. Oh, pick. Let's go, man Let's go. Yeah, that's what I meant to see. I might just don't watch the sixes on my dolo. Oh, Lord really not the game And that's crazy, dude. I mean, they got Julio. I mean, we even need more than Julio. Oh my god He's just baited me so crazy, but I got stick Come on man, I feel like mixing only drops to like wide open ones, dude Where that was steamy I was close though. Oh my god, I was just looking at the other guy. That's my bad kid Come on, dude, like oh That's why you don't put a that's why you need a streak out there, dude. God. Oh Man, I put a post instead of a streak and it just was not the move Pick. Oh, let's go a night train hurdle Oh Cooper cop do him dirty, baby I don't know how you have this much AP and you put it all on route tech deep in route tech Like you put it all on you don't put none of your own So cool talking to you I just used post up on the Perfect world just can't get that over a 30-yard cloud bro.  That's good. That's good defense right there. Oh, yeah.  Who is that like what five yard did that? Oh my goodness How are we just chucking pics like we're throwing right now?  How are you like? Oh? My god, man. Oh about time when you all got home I think it was verticals with that same route the combo Almost like didn't pick that off. Oh, yeah, and we're gonna crib it. Oh my god. I'm the best I mean, bro, it's just like bro cuz once tight ends just it's just like I Don't know why I don't run that more. I don't know why I don't run more bunch tight end for real It's just it's good bombs absolutely everything. It really does streak post It's just it's just sad that we put a streak in a post and a running back wheel route it bombs everything Street post running back wheel route you got a touchdown.  Let's go to juice I gotta get cam chance. They're all to field dude


Alright, let me start this video by thanking Grace, and Sekar, and Peridoxel, or whatever your real name is, and Justin. Thank you guys for teaching me how to pronounce Ikagai. Got a lot of comments that I wasn't pronouncing this right when I mentioned it in some of my other videos. So Ikagai is the Japanese formula for happiness and it roughly translates to a reason for being. It's when you find your purpose in the world or a meaning for life. Now I know that's kind of a little bit dramatic or deep, but I think studying this concept will give you a much better picture of what you should do with your life. A much more clear view of the direction that you should take with your career and your life in general. Now there are four big factors when it comes to Ikagai. The first one is going to be doing something that you love. So this could be dancing, sports, gently tapping the like button on my videos. Now something that you love basically is where you find a lot of pleasure in doing something like playing video games for instance. So it's basically something that you really enjoy doing and it kind of takes you away from all of your problems.  Now a lot of cookie cutter advice just says for you to do whatever you love to do. Follow your passion. And while I think this is decent advice, I don't think that it's the full picture. It's just one little slice of a pie. So for instance your passion might be playing video games, but unfortunately there's not that many jobs out there for people who play games. And the few opportunities to make money that are out there generally are going to be entrepreneurial. So there's not going to be some kind of job position that you can apply for. You're going to have to make your own way, start your own business. And if you follow people who play games professionally, a lot of the time they actually lose their love for the game just because of the fact that they have to do it all the time. And they have to do it at such a high level that it's hard to enjoy.  If only GTA was real life, you could have 10 super cars, a jet, and a mansion. And this might make you happy for a very short period of time. But one thing that a lot of people don't really take into account is how much their career helps the world. This is also known as meaning or how meaningful someone's career is and how much it helps other people. This is doing things that the world needs as a career. And I did make a video on this. These are degrees that end up in careers that give back to the community or the world in general. So a great example of this one is something that the world needs is garbage men.  That's awesome.  It might not be the best or the most glamorous job out there, but it is something that truly does help society and so therefore it's very meaningful. Whereas if you played video games professionally, you could argue that that's a little bit more self-serving. You're kind of just trying to entertain yourself and it probably wouldn't have as much meaning for the world. And a lot of people would argue that jobs that are meaningful, jobs that contribute to the world long term will actually make you a lot happier than jobs that you just enjoy. And this brings me to the next point, number three here. And just to remind you, this is a personal finance channel. So we're going to be talking about personal finance, money related things here. And this is a very important thing to think about when it comes to your career. Number three is going to be what you can be paid for. At the end of the day, when it comes to a career, you do have to be a little bit practical and you have to think about what is going to put food on the table. And yes, before somebody says it down in the comments, I know that money isn't everything. Money can't buy happiness. I totally agree with that. But it puts food in your mouth, puts gas in your car, keeps your lights on. And most importantly, it pays for your internet so that you can watch my videos, enjoy them and gently tap the like button. So money absolutely isn't everything, but it definitely helps to support your happiness. And studies have actually shown that money does increase your happiness up to a certain point. Now usually these studies show that it's around $75,000 to $80,000 a year. That's going to change based on where you live and all kinds of other factors, but it absolutely does increase your happiness up to a certain level. Or in other words, you could say that it decreases your unhappiness up to a certain level. Because if you don't have enough money to pay your rent or just live a normal life, that's going to cause a lot of stress and anxiety, which is going to make you unhappy. But after you get past that certain level, yes, it is true that money does not increase your happiness. So I always say on these videos that you want to try to aim for a career where you can make at least $75,000 to $80,000 a year so that you can maximize your happiness. It's not the most important thing, but financial issues are the number one reason for divorce and they cause a lot of problems overall in your life, so you definitely don't want to ignore it. Now the last part of IkeGuy is something that you're good at. So it could be that you were born with the genetics of someone who's 6'9", a freak athlete with a photographic memory who's basically a genius like LeBron James. Or it could be someone who's really naturally good at math. We all know those people. We all have our strengths and weaknesses. Some of us are extremely outgoing and personable. A lot of us are introverts which has its advantages as well. For instance, you can work for long periods of time without having to interact with other people. There's so many different things to talk about here, but basically things that you are naturally good at, things that you're naturally talented at. So again, this is what IkeGuy looks at. So let's talk about the differences between all of them and the interlap and then summarize them. So it's what you love, what you're good at, what the world needs, and what pays well. So if it's something that you love and you're also really good at it, that could be a passion. So for instance, you might really love cars, working on cars, internal engines, V8s, combustion.  Maybe you're really good at art and you like painting on the side. Now passion can impact your life a lot. It can bring you a lot of happiness, but it's not the end all be all. Sometimes when you really enjoy doing something, it's best to just keep it as a hobby. So for instance, I really enjoy history and playing video games, but I kind of just like to keep them as a hobby. I don't want to do them professionally. I remember I took some history classes where I had to memorize exact dates and I had to write papers about periods of history that I'm not really that interested in. And it kind of got to the point where it was really unenjoyable. However, if I'm just able to study history the way that I want to, which is reading certain history books or listening to history podcasts, that's extremely enjoyable to me. And I love it. It's my passion, I guess you could say. A lot of people just purely follow their passion. And so they end up getting a college degree where there's just not that many jobs out there. And so they either get a job that's not very good, doesn't pay very well, it doesn't really fit any of the other criteria. Or in many cases they end up unemployed or they end up doing a job that has nothing to do with their passion whatsoever.  I'm not saying you should never go for your passion. I think that's really bad advice as well, but you do have to figure out how you can do it in such a way where you can get paid for it. And a lot of the time, unfortunately, there's not going to be that many jobs out there. You're not going to be able to just apply for a job and get a job with something that you love and something that you're also really good at. Another one of my passions, for instance, is film. I really like watching films, I like making films, and that's pretty much what I'm doing right now. I couldn't have applied for a job like this. I had to get entrepreneurial and I had to learn it on the side. So if you want to turn your passion into a career, you're going to have to get creative with it. Maybe start a business, a podcast, a YouTube channel, a blog, something along those lines. If you combine something that you're good at with something that pays well, then that's going to be what's known as a profession. So this is something like kind of like a nine to five. You might not be very passionate about it, but it pays really well.  This is kind of the practical path. And sometimes you'll hear parents and stuff telling people that they have to go down this path. And that's not bad advice, but I think you also need to keep a few things in mind. It's a good idea for you to try out new things and find something that you really enjoy doing and see if you could maybe move your career, your profession into something that you enjoy doing more. So you can use those things that you're naturally good at and the skills that you've picked up from being in this profession and then find a job that you're a little bit more passionate about. Or you could go the other way and you could, you know, get that job, get that nine to five and then build a business on the side while you're working in your nine to five. I said this a lot on the channel, but it's all about finding that balance of passion and practicality. Now let's talk about combining something that you love with something that the world needs. This would basically be a mission. This could be like a calling, something that the world really needs. So it could be something like volunteering in a different country after they get hit by a hurricane. Maybe you would be helping them build their houses up or clean up something along those lines. You're not necessarily really good at it. It's not something that's your natural talent, but it is something that the world needs. It may not be the most profitable thing to do. In fact, a lot of the time you're going to be doing it for free or you're even going to be paying to do it. So a lot of people, for instance, will have a normal nine to five job and then they'll volunteer on the side in order to get this into their life, that sense of meaning. Now let's talk about the next one, which is the combination of something that the world needs and something that also pays well. And this is what's known as a vocation. It may not be something that you have natural talent in or you're an expert in and it may not be something that you're passionate about either, but you continually improve and you try your best to become better at. So an example of a mission might be something like volunteering or maybe you're really passionate about teaching people. So you become a teacher. Now I've talked about this before on the channel. Teachers generally don't get paid very well here in the US, unfortunately. However, it is something that the world needs without a doubt. Very important for the future of our country. So a lot of the time of vocation is going to be something that you're not necessarily passionate about it. You're not necessarily really good at it, but it is something that the world really needs and you can get paid for it. If you end up in this type of situation, you want to make sure that you're moving towards finding something you are more passionate about and also something that you can get better at. So using your natural talents in your vocation or maybe switching vocations to something where you can use your talents. And you always want to be moving towards the center and the center would be Ikegai. You'll probably never get there. You're never going to find a job that's just perfect for you in every way possible. I know a lot of people on the internet try to sell the laptop lifestyle.  But guess what? Trust me, this is not as glamorous as it seems. There's still going to be all kinds of stuff you have to do. There's a lot of grinding. You're going to have to do lots of stuff that you don't necessarily want to do and it's not as easy as it seems. But as long as you make sure that you're always moving towards the center, your Ikegai, which is going to be different for everyone, then you're going to be better off. And again, it's all about finding that balance. It's going to be different for everyone. For instance, I came from a background where I was very poor. So I wanted to make sure that I focused on getting into a very good profession. And then I started a business on the side. Now don't get me wrong. I'm still passionate about my profession. I really enjoyed doing it. And to be honest with you, I could definitely do it for 40 years if I had to. But I'm even more passionate about starting a business on the side. And so that's what I did. My other passion of history, I basically do that as a hobby and I keep it on the side. But I took my passion of film and filmmaking and I started a YouTube channel. And at first I was really bad. All my videos looked like I was filming them on a potato and I really didn't know what I was doing. But over time, I'm getting better and better. If you haven't done it already, go ahead and gently tap that like button, hit the subscribe button, ring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, et cetera that you have on the video. And before you leave, don't leave. Check out my other videos right here. I made them just for you.


هبشه؟ هل يدان هجرته؟ مدينة وَتَزَوَّ جَانِي مَارِدْ بِنْتَي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ رُقَيَّنْ أُمُّوا كُلْثُونِ وَاَمْ بِكَدَهِ يُسْكُونِ ذُنُ رَيْنِ وَاَكَانِسَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْسَنَ مِا يَسْتَحِي مِنُوا أَكْسَرَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاَكَانِسَ عَلَيْسَنَ مِنْ غَيْنِ يَسْتَحِي مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ يَسْتَحِي مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ يَسْتَحِي مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ وَاكَانِسَ مِنْ غَيْنِ فروه و يفعله كافره و بعد ذلك يجعله بلد حلال و they thought they were going to get closer to him الله سبحانه وتعالى so عثمان رضي الله عطو was killed by the khawarij and they killed him and he died and one of the خارجيه اضرحماني بن ملجم who killed Ali ibn Abi Talib just like the same way the same part in which they killed him and they also killed Ali رضي الله تعالى and another خارجيه خبيف after عثمان رضي الله عطو was killed by the khawarij his name was عمراني بن حطاد was a خبيث خبيث خارجيه he made a poetry for عثماني بن ملجم because عثماني بن ملجم was killed straight away after he killed Ali ibn Abi Talib this is what he said this is the line of poetry he said he's referring to remember this poetry is done in praise of عثماني بن ملجم he said to say about him اضربة من تقي the smacking of Ali came from a hand of a righteous man he's saying about عثماني بن ملجم من تقي ما اراد بها عثماني بن ملجم did not intend for what he did إلا ليبلغا and he only did it so he can reach من دل عرشي the owner and the one who possesses the throne رضوانا to be pleased with him he did not strike Ali and kill him except the reason why he did that is so we can get closer to Allah إني لا اذكره he said I remember him عثماني بن ملجم I remember what he did يوما فأحسيبه and then I start to consider him as one او فلبرية the most fulfilling of promises عند الله in the eyes of Allah he's on it in the scales of the day of judgment praising him now that's how they praise one another he believes he's getting closer to who but this man when he's saying it he's not joking and he's not saying it because it sounds nice to see these words but it means يتقربوا إلى الله يقاتل العلمة so who are you and who are my I have to be said where khawana where khainib where undercover where this weather a man was to get close to Allah by killing of man and Ali who the prophet said والله you are in jannah you are in jannah رسول الله is telling them they're all in jannah this man is saying this is a تقل this smacking of Ali was تقوى تقوى that did it تقوى that did it and this man was getting closer to Allah by doing it so the harm that these people have who's it more to Muslims or the Muslims the Muslims they're facade they're corruption they're problems it goes more to the Muslims than it goes to the disbelievers so they're a cancer which the Muslims need to tackle the Muslims need to take a position regarding and know what type of people these people are their جذور their roots is خبث خبث think and ponder did the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم what did he say about the disbelievers pay attention he said when you go to fight them give them دعوة the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم pay attention brothers pay attention I want you to ponder the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم when you come to the battle for the you meet the enemies فدعوهم إلا الله call them to Allah طبارك و تعالى in the religion pay attention call them to Allah if they obey this from you good if they don't oblige upon them jizya if they refuse to pay jizya fight them the khawaret none of those two are given to them the prophet said I'm going to kill them like the people of Aida are destroyed they're never given any contract or treaties they're fought حل والحرم in the haram they're fought outside the haram they're fought there's no reward or oaths or contracts that are done with them they're not the meen و عاهدين the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم there are the only people that the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said kill him even in the institute he called the three of his who said who's going to stand and bring this man to an end now people have to know the reality of what these people are and the positions that the sharia has taken regarding them one has to have a powerful understanding of that matter so أثمان died رضي الله تعالى عنه when أثمان died and he was killed the big problems occurred occurred to the Muslims and we've spoken about that elsewhere بيانو this hadith deals with what's the mode of this hadith what does this hadith tackle it talks about how the prophet and told it to who أثمان the companions so أثمان took the initiative رضي الله تعالى عنه to teach us the wudu of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم so what did he do again brothers this is one thing you need to keep in mind some of us don't teach the people the most simplest things your little brother your little sister you bring them to the toilet take the water out and say look show me how to do wudu simple things easy things أثمان who is the Khalifa at that time he teaches how to do wudu he wants them to learn and how important it is رضي الله تعالى عنه so what did he do دعا بوضو pay attention if the waw is a fatha there comes wadu then that is the vessel or the utensil or the thing that whatever the wudu is going to be done from if you say وو and you put a بم on top of it you say ووضو then it becomes the action itself it becomes that it becomes the action itself so wadu is what بفتح when you make the waw فتح it means the object or the thing that you're doing it when you make it with a what when you wake when you do it with a بم on the waw then this is the action the فعل that you're doing the waw so what did عثمان do رضي الله تعالى عنه دعا بوضو he called for a water water something to be bring فأفرغ على يديه من إلائه ومعنى فأفرغ pay attention أفرغ is when the person this is the this is the water he pushed it to the side and he washed his hand he washed it from our side he didn't put his water so he tilted over and he done his waw he washed his hand فأفرغ على يديه he tilted the thing على يديه he on top of his hands من إلائه from the vessel from the object he was in فغساله من ثلاثة مرات he washed it three times once the hands were clean what did he do فأدخل يمينه he put his right hand في الوضوء in the vessel he put his hand his right hand and what did he do the water he took ثم تمضمضأ he wobbled the water into his mouth remember we took this before تمضمضأ they're still sharp all of them have to be done with بغرف فين واحد بغرف فين واحد with one hand you don't take one for the mouth and then what for the nose later one they all share the same water that you brought up so when you take that water part of it goes into your mouth and then the remainder goes into your nose if you take a too much water in your nose you're going to hurt yourself but if you've taken the majority of it into your mouth and then a little bit is into your nose your left hand waits you what's the left hand going to do واستان ثراء and you bring it out with your left واستان ثراء and you bring it out with your left ثم after that ثم after that so your mouth is washed and your nose now you know if the water is clean or not because you tasted it you smelt it you now know if this water is pure or not if you're not by the time you stop bring me pure water that is the reason why you start with that تمضمض تمضمض انا is still sharp you smell the water then what do you do he washed his face three times one is a face this needs to be known it is where the hair comes out from now some of us our hair starts from here it's finished long gone it's gone it's gone it went or some some people's hair naturally four, five, six fingers just generally their background is that their hair starts back that's not what we're looking at we're looking at the norm where the hair starts from for that people for like the Somali community they have a very big forehead so our hair where it starts from normally is where we wash too we wash all of it so it is where the hair starts from there so that's where it starts from and where does it go to the bottom of it الى ما ينزلوا من اللحيا the bed which is the طولن this is the length it's going to be up to there right at the bottom of my bed that's where it is that's the face okay what about width the width is going to be وَمِنَ الْعُذُولِ إِنَ الْعُذُولِ to the ear to the ear so right there this side right there so here all of that is your face if you look around it it's going to be your face that's your face any part of that you've missed you haven't done your work need to do what did he do then so he washed his face how many times he washed his face three times وَيَدَيْهِ and his hands so you washed your face where do you go now وَيَدَيْهِ you wash your hands some people because at the beginning they wash their hands they think that the next time you don't wash your hands you wash your hands again the work that you're doing the work the hand it starts from the hand not from here the hands are in it because it says وَيَدَيْهِ his hands الى المرفقين to where to the مرفقين now the question is that is the ila too or is the ila plus the مرفقين the ila does it show ila الغاية you reach and you don't add it to it or is it part of it two evidences show us that first of all في أصلي النغا in the Arabic language the word ila encompasses that thing as well what's the evidence for that قوله تعالى وَلا تأكلوا أموالكم إلى أموالهم do not eat their wealth sorry وَلا تأكلوا أموالكم إلى أموالهم وَلا تأكلوا أموالهم sorry إلى أموالكم sorry وَلا تأكلوا أموالهم إلى أموالكم the ila encompasses the wealth of this of course that's one أصلي النغا the word ila ila also means مع with good that's one the second evidence to show you that is the Hadith of Abu Hurayla أنه توضى he washed his hand he started from here and he washed it حتى أشرع في العضودي me until he reached right over here وغسل رجله he washed his legs حتى أشرع رجله until he reached his saq his shin when he finished he said هكذا رأيت رسول I saw the prophet so what does it mean that the hand after the what the elbow on top of it is called the عضوط here Abu Hurayla so you have to add it so the ila means now the مرفق which is the the elbows they are added to it and not to it pay attention ثم after that مسحب رأسه he wiped his head عليه الصلاة والسلام he wiped عثمان sorry عثمان wiped wipe on your hair has to be done once if you wipe it twice then that's called washing means the wording of the word مسح مسح means wiping wiping has to be done once if it becomes more than once it's washing everything you go over it many times you've washed it you haven't wiped it make sense so the word مسح means wipe to wipe it نمتان السنة المسح جميع الرأس the سنة نمتان is to wipe over all of the head the head sorry because Allah said in the ayah وَمْسَحُ بِرُ أُوْسِكُمْ Allah says wipe over your head ابن قدام المقدس رحمه الله because you remember the debate I mentioned on the discussion amongst the fukaha is the bat this bat وَمْسَحُ بِرُ أُوْسِكُمْ that bat bought a khilaf and a dispute and an argument what is meant by it some said this some said that everyone had something to say amongst the fukaha ابن قدام ست زعم بعض من ينصر أن المسح هو بعض الرأس he said some of the ones who have claimed and who have tried to push that view that the wiping is some they said أن الباء لتبعيض الله أكبر that the bat بِرُ أُوْسِكُمْ that bat is تبعيض تبعيض means some comes from the word بعض some so that bat means some of the head some of them push that view so they said as though الله is trying to say وَمْسَحُوا وَبْبَعْضُرُ أُوْسِكُمْ some of your your head he said وَالَنَا أَفُرَسِكُمْ ابن قدام سين وَمْسَحُوا بِرُ أُوْسِكُمْ وَالْبَعُوا لِلِلْ إِلْصَاقْ he said the bat he has not it's not some rather it means all of the head it means all of it and the bat he has the bat the same way he said in ayatut the best of Tayammum where Allah says سبحانه وتعالى فَمْسَحُوا بِوْجُوْهِكُمْ بِوْجُوْهِكُمْ he said and wipe over your the Tayammum and Allah says wipe over your face you don't wipe some of your face you wipe all of your face with it also الإمام الشوكان رحمه الله it's a Ketam which is of the Ketam منتقل أخبار by مجددين أبو البركات إبلو تيميس جن فادا شوكان يدرش شرحه بكتابة جن فادا it's like عمدة الحكام it's exactly like this book it's called أحاليث الحكام ساعد أبو بلوغ عمدة الحكام it's called منتقل أخبار it's called منتقل أخبار it's called حاليث الحكام it's better than عمدة الحكام it's also better than بلوغ ومارام نعم the two best books in كتب أحاليث الحكام like this is two books المتقا which is the grandfather written by the grandfather of إبلو تيميس's grandfather and also the book المحرر لمن عبد الهدي المحرر لمن عبد الهدي those books إبلو تيميس's student their books is those two books are the best those two are the best and it's the same just like عمدة الحكام only and شوكان يدر شرحه and so whilst he was on that point he mentioned the Hadith of بلوغ he said لم يثبت it has not become firm قولوها لتبعيد it's not firm and it's not strong the view that says it's some that the bat is some وقد أنكره سيبويه the grammar سيبويه had refused that and rejected the bat here meaning what تبعيد he refused it في خمسة عشرة موضوعا 15 places in his Kitab 15 different places سيبويه he refuted the idea that the bat here could mean تبعيد so if the grammar of that language the man who said no I think it's going to be it's strong also authentic Hadith refute that issue that proved that this bat could not even be تبعيد and I'm going to mention 3 حديث one is the حديث of ربيع بنت معوذ the حديث of ربيع بنت معوذ رضي الله تعالى عنها she said فمسحب بيده مقدم رأسه ومؤخري the prophet السلام he wiped from the beginning of his head to the back also that's one حديث the other حديث ومسحب برأسه the prophet wiped his head فأقبلو أد برا he went forward then he came so he came forward and he came back good he came back sorry he came فأقبله he came forward and then he went back that's what he said the حديث of مقدان المقدان ابن معدي كرم المقدان ابنه معدي كرم he said فلما بلغ مسحرأسه when the prophet reached the wiping of his head وضع كفه he placed his hand على مقدم رأسه ثم مر بهما حتى بلغ قفاه until he reached his neck ثم ردهما حتى بلغ المكان الذي بدأ منه and he brought it back to where he started from so he reached his neck and he brought it back those two narrations and the grammar and see him away he refuted it so the strongest view is that your whole head you have to wipe it number eleven استعماب that is recommended صلاة ركعاتين عقب الوضو it's recommended highly recommended that the person plays two raks after he does the wudu number twelve الوضو the wudu من مكفرات الزنوب the wudu is from the expiators of sins what sins do they expiate there is that khilaf there is that khilaf but the strongest is that it expiates your minor sins the little mistakes that have occurred from you doing wudu will expiate it for you your major the major sins it requires repentance or else or else if the repentance wasn't needed for the major sins and the wudu will take it away for you and deal with it then nobody would really need to repent everybody could just all the wudu that they've done and actually take it away for them so the repentance is needed number thirteen تحذيرو ملها في صلاة بالتفكير في أمر الدنيا من عدم القبول مرحبا مرحبا the person who is thinking in the salah matters regarding the world that the salah that that will not be accepted from him won't be accepted from him the hadith shows that the person who prays the salah who will not be accepted from him where is the evidence that won't be accepted from him where is the evidence that won't be accepted from him because the hadith conditioned and عدمو وجود الشرط the absence of the the absence of the condition will be absent of what the acceptance of the expiation the expiation is connected to the existence of the salah so that's the evidence number fourteen fourteen ينبغي it is required upon the person not to be deceived don't get deceived which is what that every time you do وضوء إن شاء الله this is going to do everything for you الحمد لله don't get deceived because بخاري addition to this hadith where it said at the end بخاري brought a wording with the hadith which said لا تغتروا don't be deceived بخاري added that wording to it in the رواية بخاري كتاب الرقائق it said لا تغتروا don't be deceived with it because Allah is mercy don't let it deceive you fifteen الترغيب في الاخلاص the hadith is pushing you to come with sincerity when you do the وضوء who say do you do it for so sincerity and also that you do what you pray the Salah for Allah's sake and don't talk to yourself about the dunya sixteen التعليم بالفعل يكوني أبلق وأضبط للمؤمن المتعلمي teach it by action because that is the greatest message or the best way to pass that message over nicely to teach by action number seventeen three times doing the وضوء except the head for very late only once


All right, this morning we'll start off with our new case, Germany, and we'll follow the same structure as were the cases for Britain, France, and the US. So we basically will be talking about first German state and historical perspective, then political economy of economic and social policies, then governance and policymaking, followed by representation of participation, and finally some current challenges. Here is what the German lands look like. We have a population of over 80 million, 81 to 82. This is the most populated state within the European Union, which geographically it's smaller than France. It's about half the size of Turkey. I think that that's a good comparison. It's about 380 square kilometers, 360 square kilometers. It's even smaller than Turkey's size. The capital city is Berlin, as you know, currency is the Euro, the Euro. It's a federal country composed of 16 lander. So land is the German word for state province. The plural form of land is lander. So we have 16 lander, which more or less corresponds to medieval kingdoms, principalities, and other trading cities. We do not have natural borders surrounding Germany. So German lands have always been prone to attacks from all sides. So there's no mountain ranges, well, except for the south, but here we have all of this area as mountains. We do not have major rivers separating the land from other sovereign units. And we do not have, you know, yes, there is up north, the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, but most of the land, as you can see, the borders are not in a way naturally or geographically protected. So Germany has been en route to east, west, west, east, and to a certain extent north, south, south, north. And it has been a land of conflict, it has been a land of war, as we shall be talking about. Germany generally, I mean, in general, when you look at the German state on its contemporary geography, in terms of its contemporary geography, we do not have many much resources, natural resources, except for this area, which is bordering France, which is rich in iron and coal, which is next to us, that's Laurent, the neighbouring France. And we have an ethnically homogeneous country, which is also important, which has been changing since the 50s, well, especially since the 60s, with the German very famous, very well-known, Gastarbeiter program, which is the guest worker program. So with the guest worker program, many incoming immigrants, well, guest workers who sought, I mean, Germany sought these workers for them to come and help with the reconstruction of Germany during what's called the economic miracle, the German miracle. And all of these would contribute to the reconstruction effort, development of Germany, the German economy, so that they would be, they were always seen probably until about the 1980s as a productive factor, and that they were generally welcome. We shall be talking about this in detail later on. But when we look at the religious composition, that's also interesting. We have slightly larger than one-third of the population, Catholic, another third Protestant, and another third is about, I mean, it's basically other whatever is there. With the reformation of the 16th century, Martin Luther challenged the Roman Catholic church practices, all of which brought this mix in terms of a third Protestant followers, or followers of Protestantism. So this is what Germany looks like in the current period. I'll show you a map of medieval Germany, and I'll try to compare the maps later on. But everything starts on the land called Germania, or Germania, by about AD 100. AD stands for Anodomini, which is after Christ 100. We have independent municipalities, I'm sorry, independent principalities under the Holy Roman Empire between the 10th century up until the end of, or well into the 19th century. So lands, German lands, became 300 largely independent units, principalities, and these we call them Habsburg Crown lands, which which really span contemporary Austria, what used to be Bohemia, which is around Czech Republic and Slovakia, and parts of Hungary. So large span under Habsburg Crown lands. 16th century reformation, the authority of Catholic Habsburgs had been undermined. So with the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire was divided into two. One is the Austrian Habsburgs, and the second is the Kingdom of Prussia. And when we talk about Prussia, this is the most largest powerful German state in history. So from the 17th century onwards, we have, or late 16th century, early 17th century onwards, we have a very important state, which is one of the central strongholds among the European powers. All of this came about from the 15th century onwards, through a centralization under a new dynasty, the Hohenzollern dynasty, which later, which was situated in Berlin. In fact, later on, I mean the capital city was Berlin. In fact, later on, it was in Potsdam. They had a Schloss, a castle, the San Susi castle, where, you know, Frederick the Great, you know, from by about mid 18th century until late 18th century reigned. The Prussians, the Hohenzollern dynasty, was very effective in reorganizing the Prussian army along Calvinist lines, you know, many, many military victories, and patronage of arts, enlightenment in Prussia. So 18th century, we see enlightenment in this country. Power was based on mercantilism. What was mercantilism all about? Mercantilism is an economic doctrine. It's a set of policies where you try to export as much as you can, and you try to import as less as you can. And so you basically produce, try to produce for world markets. You follow protectionist policies. You protect your domestic industries, domestic producers, farmers against competition stemming from foreign countries. And we have a centralized bureaucracy, which includes, I mean, of course, as this is a typical example of what we've talked about in the first couple of weeks, the absolute state. So centralized bureaucracy means that we have a strong centralized army, which was a model for many nations that envied their military victories. So this was the largest and most powerful German state by the 17th century, 18th century enlightenment. And we've seen Friedrich der Große as the ruler of Prussian Germany, which was one of the most influential powers in European history. Let's see what the Holy Roman Empire looked like. This is about early 16th century, so 1500s. As you can see, we've got the Austrians, Austrian kingdoms, Bavarians, Burgundians, Rhinish, Franconian, lower Saxon or Saxony, Swabian, upper Saxony. So we have, as you can see, this is Bohemia, contemporary Bavaria, parts of France, Flanders, parts of Belgium and also Netherlands, Holland. So city states, I cannot see Bremen here, but it should be around here. So as you can see, we have principalities, kingdoms and a lot of small units making up in a way one large, less cohesive empire, but then with the Prussians we see the emergence of the First Reich. So Holy Roman Empire was the first German entity in that respect, the First Reich. So it ends with Napoleon's victory in 1806. There was a nationalist reaction within German lands against this defeat and the First Reich, the First Kingdom was founded in early 1800s, so 1806. So basically Prussia and parts of Austria, I mean just about in about 15 years, less than 15 years, we see centralization. The Prussian state was characterized by a centralized army but also a centralized bureaucracy, effective bureaucracy, but it was time for economic integration. As you saw, if you wanted to trade among these different principalities and kingdoms and other sovereign entities, if you were on the Rhine, if you were navigating north, up north, you had to pass through many principalities and kingdoms and as you pass through them, you had to pay, I mean merchants, tradesmen, or had to pay a toll in a way a customs tax to basically ship their products or produce from south to let's say to port cities up north, to Bremen, Bremenhafen, Hamburg and others. So basically, so in order to eliminate this, which in a way are non-production costs, in order to eliminate this, these costs, the Germans invented a customs union, which is in German called the famous Zollverein. It's a customs union between Prussia, 1819 and other German states and this in a way helped to build an even stronger state. Okay, so we have Prussia, the first Reich emerging, had been there, had been expanding economically, had become more wealthy. This was dominated by the Junkers. This is the Land of the Aristocracy and it was defended by a patriotic, very well-organized, very centralized military. When we studied Germany from a comparative historical perspective, we made the literature sociological or political sociological or political scientific literature describes Germany or this evolution in German lands as a revolution from above. In contrast to the first two cases we've seen, France and Britain, those were called bourgeois revolutions, which were brought about by the bourgeoisie, the rising middle classes, but here the literature characterizes Germany as a revolution from above by state elite Otto von Bismarck, who was the minister president of Bismarck, I'm sorry, minister president of Prussia in 1860s. So economic integration was in place, unification of Germany. So by about 1870s the German unification process had been completed, not only economic unification through Solverine, but also political unification under Bismarck and Otto von Bismarck, the minister president of Prussia, in reaction to pro-democracy revolutions, which were suppressed 1840s, 1848. He brings a drive towards modernization and this is through massive industrialization, modernization of the economy through industrialization. German industrialization is a case of late industrialization. It was the British who industrialized first, which was followed by France and Switzerland and others. Germans industrialized late or in comparative terms later than the British and the French, but by about 1900 Germany was number one in terms of industrial production in the world. So manufactured items, Germany was a leading stronghold in the hearts of Europe. The revolution from above, it's a revolution, it's social change, it's political change, it's economic change, has many ramifications in all of these fields. It's a revolution from above in the sense that it was brought up, brought about by state elites with a very influential political leader, Otto von Bismarck, who successfully married the two interests represented by one iron and the other rye. Rye represents the Junkers, the land of the aristocracy, so the agricultural sector, which was highly productive, especially throughout the 19th century. So very productive agricultural sector, but this was a high time for industrialization, economic unification, so all transaction costs, customs duties, transportation costs had been lowered. With the introduction of industrialization followed the railroads, the railways. So the German Bahn system, the railroad system was starting to be built from about this from the 19th century onwards. So the two interests, the agricultural sector and the industrial sector, the manufacturing sector, the land of the aristocracy and the new bourgeoisie, was wedded to one another through this very influential statesman. And in doing so, Bismarck relied on elite support and the process was completed with the reunification process, I'm sorry, the unification process of 1871. So first Reich from 1806, so reaction to Napoleon's defeat, nationalist reaction, consolidation, solferine, Bismarck coming to power, integrating, consolidating all of these lands under one rule, so consolidation economically, consolidation politically. So we see the span of first Reich. Then with the solferine, you see Kingdom of Prussia and all other lands coming under one single market. So economic integration in history, this is one of the very influential models to emulate later on, a century after for the European Union, for the European economic community to be formed. So basically, we see all of these lands, as you can see on the Baltic coast, North Sea and all of these lands, up until the Austrians and the Swiss and the French, you see a very large land composing a customs union. So the tariff system, so you basically protect whomever is there against foreign competitors, which brings more wealth, more power, more wealth, more power. Second Reich, 1871, till the end of World War I. Here, the Kingdom, King of Russia, Kaiser, you know, Germany is unified by Otto von Bismarck, Germany and Prussia as one single land, so we see this period as the German Empire. It's a largely authoritarian state, strong state, controlled and supported by an industrial elite and also the Junkers. So in this sense, it is in this sense, this was the marriage, this was the product of the marriage of iron and rice. So industrial elite and the Junkers produced, I mean, like, gave way to this state. So it's Prussian dominated, it's Protestant dominated, which saw rapid industrialization, which was the main goal of Second Reich. And Germany became the leading industrial power in the world in terms of industrial output by about 1900. So state power is there, banking system was very strong, large-scale industrialization, large-scale investment by the state in many strategic sectors of the period, which were coal, iron, mining, railroads, chemicals, dye industry, electricity, and also machine tools. So you see, I mean, the light industrialization period in a way had been skipped, forget textiles, directly go into heavy industrialization, okay? So high-tech industrialization, characterizing that particular period, which meant that there was social dislocation and opposition, the small middle class pressured for democratization, rising of workers and all segments in societies, of German society, who felt that they were in a way outside of this massive economic wealth. So social democrats, workers, they all demanded not only political but also economic rights. And Bismarck persecuted all opposition, banned the Social Democratic Party, but built the German welfare state. So that's also very important. It built the German welfare state in reaction to all this. So in this sense, Bismarck has been known or Bismarckian way of organizing the society is one example of an iron fist in a velvet glove. So you have the velvet glove of the welfare state, caring, protective, but an iron fist within it. Authoritarian and basically highly centralized, very authoritarian, and does not let any opposition. So this was, so by about 1900, Germany super power became super power in terms of industrial output, but it needed raw materials as well as market access. And this was the high time for late 19th century. This was the high time for imperialism, for colonization activities. And this was sometimes referred to in the literature in history books as the scramble for Africa. So the East, Asia was already colonized. Latin America already colonized. Europe is under colonial powers themselves under the control of these powers. So where would you go? So scramble for Africa. This was the high time for seeking market, seeking raw materials in Africa. Germany had lack of profitable colonies because when Germany was on the scene by about late 19th century, early 20th century, everywhere in the world, wherever that could be colonized, had already been colonized. So they had to expand. They had to find resources. They had to find markets. And they were exposed geographically because of absence of geographical frontiers, protecting them also. And the idea of patriotism, the idea of nationalism, the reaction to Napoleon's defeat early 1900s had always been there. And economic nationalism, protectionism, Seuferein, marriage of iron and rye. So all of these centralized state, powerful state, the German ideals. So nationalist ideals, we want to be number one in the world. We challenge all nations. Had been there. And this all resulted in the breaking up of, well, in fact, the emergence of World War I. And with the World War I, I'm sure you remember from Ottoman history too, Germans were defeated. Treaty of Versailles and others meant that basically we see the end of Germany, which will then lead to another entity, the Weimar Republic. It was a social Democrats who came to power right after the war. They signed the Treaty of Versailles. So monarchy collapses. Social Democrats come to power. They signed the Treaty of Versailles. And this was a time in which Germany had to pay massive war reparations, compensations. Let me, let me summarize this for you. 13 percent of German pre-war territory. So German territory, 13 percent had been lost. So taken away. And this territory contained almost all of iron ore. So three-fourths of iron ore lost. Ten percent of population, which was a productive factor, which is a productive factor, especially during that period, lost. One-quarter of coal lost. All colonies in Africa, as well as in the Pacific, gone. The army surrenders. Fleet surrenders. Locomotives, railroads, wagon cars, trucks. Surrender. They're all gone. Armed forces restructured with a shock as such. War reparations. So compensation, which is 132 billion gold marks, which is twice the size of German GDP. So you have debt, think of it as debt. Think of it as, you know, compensation because they've lost the war. They had to pay in return twice the size of German GDP. So how is this possible? Plus psychologically war guilt. The guilt of having started off a war. So Germans will accept the responsibility of causing loss and damage. So imagine what this could have done to a nation. A nation which was built on a, or around a patriotic military, which was a superpower just 10, 15 years ago. You know, dominates world markets. Economic stronghold. Politically centralized, but devastated. So this was in a way the second major, major defeat in the psyche, the German psyche of the time. So the conditions of the treaty were so heavy that the central bank had to print money in order to pay for all these reparations, compensations. And if there is so much of something in any given market, what happens to its value? If there is so much of something, it just decreases. And this is, I wanted to show you a photo of German banknotes being pulped for use as waste paper. Or banknotes were used to light the stove. So basically the value of the mark had been so, so low, had gone so low that all of this was calling for something else, some change. And this was a period of what's called procedural democracy. Formal political institutions, but without political backing, political support. I have figures for the value of USD, US dollar vis-a-vis the gold marks of the period. So 1, 1 USD is equal to 4.2 gold marks. So this is 1914. 1918 goes up to 14. 1922 goes up to 493. Again in 1923 goes up to 17,792. And again in 1923, later on that year goes up to 4.2 trillion. So this is hyperinflation for you. So this is the value of German money, the gold mark. And that was how, why they were used as, you know, instead of what you were burning the marks. So there was so much instability, economic instability, which brought with it political instability. And in the meantime you had a new leader in the making. Adolf Hitler, leader of Nationalist, National Socialist, German Workers' Party, the Nazi Party, 1920, imprisoned, was imprisoned, put into prison after having tried or staging a coup. The attempt failed. So basically couldn't succeed. He allied with the conservatives. And with that alliance he was appointed as the Chancellor in 1933. And so he was controlling the parliament. And in the meantime there was so much political instability and economic instability. Many thought Hitler was a moderate leader, the conservatives. But later on they realized that this wasn't the case. So here is a leader who comes to power who promises change. And he says, I'm going to change the world for you. He obtains emergency powers from the president. He centralized political power. He controls the media. He bars political parties, bans, I'm sorry, he bans political parties. Excuse me. Unions, all opposition, religion is banned. There is much propaganda, much repression. He says I reject the Treaty of Versailles. I'm going to change the world. Put yourselves in their shoes. Would you vote for them for him or would you not vote for him? Let's all think. So when he promises to rebuild the German economy from scratch, I mean everything is plastered. So rebuild the system through an autocratic economic program, work for longer hours, full employment, public works, the autobahn system was built. So massive investment into infrastructure. If you've traveled in Germany, you see in big cities, 1930s, our deco structures, large, massive, public buildings, which in a way look overwhelmingly large, which has a flag at the top. So this was the time for change. And he attacks what used to be Czechoslovakia and then Poland, World War II erupts, conquers much of Europe between 1939 and 1941, attacks the USSR, 1941. So this is what the German Empire looked like. So just see where German Reich allies and occupied zones. Turkey was neighbour to Germany. So imagine, well, Spain, but as you can see, except for Sweden and Spain, and Spain was a different case. As you can see, Switzerland was independent. But as you can see, massive expansion. Seeing it on the map, I mean talking about it as something, seeing it, I thought, on the map is something entirely else. The idea of an Aryan race brought with it concentration camps. Concentration camps became extermination camps, which later on led to the Holocaust. So millions were gone, evaporated. Millions stood as by standards. And when you look at the death toll, 40 million lives were lost. So on this very high note, let's stop for today and I'll see you next week.


it just seems to me that we don't have leaders willing to go out and say to your point, this is going to be hard. And I look like this so I don't know what that looks like and I need help and I'm willing to, you know, learn and change. But it's one of the things that again, I'm sharing this from a very place of a big place of vulnerability. Sometimes I don't know what to say, right? Or I'm afraid that I'm going to say the wrong thing. And I think many of us that are leaning into this space and, you know, do this in a place for organization, I just want to throw that out that that might be a challenge or an obstacle that is being thought of. That's a real thing. And Jared, when we're talking about that idea of moving beyond allyship, that is one of the biggest things that leaders need to get past is that fear of making a mistake preventing you from getting an action, right? Because at the end of the day, you're not going to say everything perfectly. You're going to make mistakes. I've been doing this work for 20 years, y'all. And I say the wrong things sometimes. It's true. It happened. So you will, you will get into those spaces of discomfort. You will get into spaces where you didn't frame something properly. But the more we just start to say, we're going to get out there because being in action is better than being perfect. Because that authenticity over perfection is what's required here. And at the end of the day, you might get misunderstood and said your motivations aren't right even though you know that they are. But that doesn't mean you stop. That means you just sort of keep going. And the more you lean into that discomfort, the easier it becomes as you continue to do it, right? But Jared, what you're naming is real and it's valid. And we just have to say, how do we push through that? And how do we begin to sort of go to that humble place and Jillian, to your point, getting out into the communities and having those conversations is a scary thing to do. A, we might not know what the answer is going to be or might not be ready for what the answer or the conversation is, but it's also required for us to really be able to make the impact for our entire community. You know, it's just part of what we need to get into the system of doing because if we're going to sit in our office and do things to communities versus doing things with communities and through communities, long term, it's not going to serve you or your community the way that it needs to be served.