So welcome everybody to another week and despite size talk series. Today we have Alex Pelsa from the NFCOR core team and also a clinical bioinformatics lead at Bödinga Ingelheim and he will talk to us about software packaging for NFCOR, a matter that we've been all like concerned with when writing NFCOR pipelines. So thanks a lot Alex for joining us today and we look forward to your talk. Thank you Cizella for the introduction and as Cizella already mentioned, we're talking a bit about software packaging today for NFCOR. It's not strictly speaking NFCOR way in this case, but more or less also involving writing condo recipes, bio condo recipes for packaging any bioinformatics tools or general purpose tools to be used in NFCOR pipelines, for example, and NFCOR modules, of course. So just to give you a brief overview, are we going to talk a bit about best practices and software packaging, what we've been trying in the past, what we've been using in the past, but more or less focused on what we try to do nowadays. Because this is a limited bite size talk, it's not very long, I have to focus on the most important bits and cannot go into all the details, especially now also when we come to the next point. Bio condo and condo forge was actually the difference between the both of them. Then also the how to package a tool in bio condo and condo forge. This is also just a brief overview about what you have to do, what you have to follow what kind of are the caveats that you have to circumvent if possible. We cannot go into full detail there of course because there are some peculiarities and as you all know, things can go wrong very quickly if you do things improperly. And then I'll also talk a bit about bio containers and documents singularity at a glance there and summarize and wrap that up all up. So the best practices and I'm only focusing on the dues here to limit us a bit in time consumption is that we usually try to work with other communities here in NFCOR. So we are heavily relying on upstream projects to package our software or tools for pipelines that is true for both bio informatics and general purpose tools. So for example, bio informatics tool of choice would be GTK or SAM tools, which are already packaged in bio condo. But there are of course also other tools that are not strictly bio informatics related, which are usually going let's say just a Python library to color some output or something like that could go to condo forge. And bio containers is the preferred way by NFCOR nowadays how we use containers, both Docker and singularity to actually use them in pipelines. And what we actively try to do and whenever you ask something around containerization around packaging things in NFCOR, you will always get pointed towards these projects, these upstream projects. We really encourage people to contribute to these because this is not just for you a good idea to do that, but because you also will receive frequent updates, for example, the packages that you pull there push there. Well, bioconda and condo forge these always if people start new with with these people are usually really a bit confused what's actually the difference to have to push my packages to bioconda to have to get my packages and to condo forge actually they're very similar but not strictly speaking the exact same thing. I already briefly mentioned it a bit bio condo as the name suggests already is really strictly focusing on bio informatics tools. So it could also chemistry computation chemistry tools of course, but it's more bio bio related condo forge is more for general purpose tools. So if you have some fancy Python some fancy are based package that you would like to get there, you can actually push that to condo forge. So there's this easy decision tree basically bio condo life science related condo forge general purpose stuff. So that's where you have to get your packages there. And as we all working towards making these to making any tool bioconda and condo and or condo forge tool package. We always try to either make the decision whether it's a bio informatics tool or a condo forge tool that you have to push it there. The packaging really relies on similar infrastructure the setup is a bit different, but the overall things are very, very similar. It's not strictly more complicated if you want to get something to condo forge. They just have a tiny bit different setup if you if you produce a recipe for condo forge bears you have to produce a very different one for bio condo. But if you know how to do a bio condo recipe you usually can learn how to do a condo forge recipe very quickly as well. It's not too complicated. So to guide you a bit through how that could look like. These are a couple of steps that you have to usually follow. So the first step would always be to check if your tool is already available on bio condo forge. So the slides will be online after this talk as well. So these things will be clickable. So there's a link for bio condo forge which are basically direct links to the package index of both repositories and you can simply search for your tools. For example, if you would like to see whether there's a tool, a recipe for Sam tools already available that packages Sam tools. And you can just click on bio condo because there's a bioinformatics tool obviously, and then search for Sam tools and you will be seeing this page basically so that you have multiple versions of the tool you have dependencies of that packages. So for example, it depends on HDS lip but also some lip GCC, lip SAP lip and some other two dependencies. And it also lists multiple tools that are relying on this recipe. Obviously, if you add a new one there won't be anybody relying on your recipe as of now, but in the future that might actually change. So this is quite a nice way to actually see whether there's something available already for your tool that you want to package. So the second point that you would like to that you should usually follow here if you want to package something for bio condo and condo forge is to check the contributor documentation for adding to bio condo and condo forge. So you both have very, very detailed documentation available how to do that in the respective case. So bio condo has a listing of basically a checklist that you can tick off also giving you some hints on how to do that most efficiently same for condo forge. So condo forge has a set in the beginning quite bit of a different approach how to do this. But nevertheless, they also have a step by step guide available on them on the page and again this is linked here with the individual links to the respective pages. So you don't have to search for that you can simply click there and then just go there and it will explain how to do this efficiently. There's also a bonus hint since most of the tools that we need to package for NFCOR are bio condo tools. It's not as common to do condo forge packages but the majority of tools that we use in NFCOR as we are kind of a bioinformatics pipeline community is that we package things for bio condo. And there I have to say there is this bonus hint for bio condo please just think about joining the Gitter channel and asking their detailed questions. So if you have experienced issues with packaging things for bio condo there's usually really large crowd around similar to what is around in NFCOR. That can help you with your packaging needs for bio condo recipes. Also it's quite advisable to join the Github organization of bio condo because that makes your life also easier. It gives you the permissions to review other recipes and learn for example by looking at other recipes more efficiently. Although it's all open source it also means it's a bit easier because you can also trigger the bots and also notify people from the court team to have a look at the recipe if you're a member of the bio condo organization. Which is similar to NFCOR it's free you can just join. It might take a couple of days however but nevertheless you can do that. The third step of course would be then writing your recipe. Usually what I do there is I either rely on the templates and again there's a link here for some exemplary templates or I just recycle a similar package recipe. For example if I package a python recipe which is already on bio condo which I want to actually get to bio condo. I actually typically try to look for another python package that is already on bio condo and then just try to figure out what I need to change to make my recipe right. However I have to say your mileage may vary here because sometimes these are really different dependencies and also if you just have a lucky person somebody already made a pie-pie package for example you could also use the skeleton templates where this is possible. That does not always work but in some cases if your package is already luckily on pie-pie available you can just go con the skeleton pie-pie in the package name that will automatically create template already for you that should also pull in and fill out the dependencies of your package for example so you don't have to figure that out on your own. Similar things exist for R and some others as well so if you click on the link above here you will find some more information on how to do that and how this is for example done for pearl script for pearl tools and other tools out there. A cool thing also that James mentioned before I started giving the talk here is also that you can test your recipe locally. So this conda build thing that you have to install manually so if you install conda it's not always there but you can use conda to install conda build that will set up an environment where you could also locally test building a recipe which will give you a bit of an error handling opportunity before actually pushing this to bioconda. So if you follow these steps usually you should at least get somewhat a half functional recipe out. I would say in some cases if you're lucky and especially that at least for me who helped true in the most cases when you have a pie-pie package this already built pretty much well. So such an example recipe could look like this usually this is just a build as a script which is just used in the build step of the recipe and then you have this meta YAML file which describes some of the content of the recipe. So usually people set the version of the tool package up here and then just refer to this in the version string here then build numbers need to be changed at some point if you for example bump a new version of a recipe then you have to increase this. You have to list the source URL. This has to be a fixed URL so it cannot be a URL that is overwritten all the time. And then the requirements to build to run and also to host the host requirements are actually listed here in the recipe. So this is just an example. They are much more complicated ones out there but they are also much more easier ones out there. So this is a CC++ tool which means some of the main compilers and the C compilers have to be present here for example. So if you're done with writing that recipe up then what you could do is submitting a pull request to Bioconda and then waiting for automated build checks and linting checks to hopefully tell you that your recipe is in order and everything that needs to be done is done properly. However I have to mention here again Bioconda and Conda Forge are slightly different here. So they have a bit of a different setup there. In Bioconda you have everything in one big master repository in Conda Forge. It starts a bit differently and how that difference plays out in the end is actually listed in the documentation that I linked in one of the first slides. So we cannot really cover that fully here. So if you're lucky and everything builds fine then once somebody from the community approves or reviews and then approves your recipe then this will be merged and your recipe will then be automatically available in Bioconda and Conda Forge package indices in a couple of minutes. Sometimes it takes a couple of hours however. That depends on how fast the synchronization works. Now we've been talking about Conda recipes and Bioconda recipes but what about Docker and Singularity containers actually. So because as you know most of the NFCore pipelines really strictly use Docker and Singularity containers all the time and not necessarily even have support for Conda recipes. So what about that. As it turns out the Bioconda and the Conda Forge communities really went into a quite good agreement with the Biocontainers community. So all the Conda and Bioconda recipes are automatically built as Docker containers and also as Singularity containers and if you click on the Bioconda package index for example the same tools one that I just showed in one of the previous slides. You can just click here on the container button although it says none. It's actually not none. It's actually there and you will be seeing a list on KIO where the SAM2's Docker images have been uploaded automatically by the Conda Continuous Integration Service. So these are automatically available which means also if you create a new recipe then automatically a Docker container for your recipe will be available in a couple of hours. The same applies to the Singularity containers. These are built by the Galaxy team and shared via a Galaxy Depot server which is also linked here. So you simply can directly download that from there and then have your package of choice available as a Singularity container. You don't have to even write your own Docker image Docker file or Singularity file. It looks like this so the only thing you have to basically do then you can run directly from KIO by your containers and then you have the SAM2's version here and you can do the same with Singularity and there you have your Singularity URL with the Sam2's container although these are different versions here at the moment but nevertheless I think the point is clear. However, that is always a relationship with one tool per container. So if you download the Sam2's container from bio containers you always have just Sam2's in there. It's nothing else. If you want to combine for example BWA and pipe the output from BWA to Sam2's directly you have to create a so-called Malt container which is a multi-tool container which is also a nice way of combining multiple tools together. If you for example in a pipeline want to pipe outputs from one tool to another in a single process step which in some cases definitely makes sense. For example automatically converting Sam output directly to BAM or CRAM output to make the compression play in hand that usually makes sense to combine for example BWA and Sam2's into one container. So this can be done using the multi-tool container service also by the bio container community. There you only have a set of tools to a so-called hash file which is basically just a text file you add that which versions you would like to combine. Open a pull request with that and then wait for this to be merged and then after a couple of hours you will have a combination of these as a separate container which you can then use for your purposes. Well after all these containers and combat packages you probably are wondering a bit how to use these containers now efficiently in NFCore pipelines. Well a lot of people really made a lot of effort to make that much easier especially with these Lv2 pipelines where you actually have modules available. So in this case as has been briefly outlined already in the past especially on the select channels around that and around building modules. We really rely on bio containers and the NFCore tools methods around there to actually make that as easy as possible for you. So if you for example install multiple tools like FastQC, Sam2's and MultiQC in your pipeline using NFCore modules installed these will automatically have pre-configured URLs with the latest versions of these respective tools in the modules description. So you don't have to worry about actually looking up these Docker and Singularity containers in such a case. If you for example write a new module you can simply do that with NFCore modules create and then this would automatically ask you whether in an interactive way to tell your name which tool you would like to write a module for and then it will automatically look up in the API of bio containers whether there is already in the container available and we try to actually get that in your module already. Updates work very similar so if you want to know how to update such a module then there's also an update function there that will automatically also update the container URLs if the module code has been updated. And if you build a new module tools will always search by containers by an API to query these URLs for you. So to summarize a bit what we've learned a bit about today, although not in very detail because time is a bit limited here. What we usually do and that's kind of the standard approach to packaging software and tools for NFCore pipelines is that we check Biocon and Conner Forge whether there is already existing recipe of the tool. If this is not existing we typically try to add it to either Biocon or Conner Forge to make sure that it's available to the broader community and rely then on biocontainers and Galaxy to build a Docker container and keep the singularity containers for us to be used. What's also a good idea is if you don't, if you don't want to maintain the recipe on your own, you can also rely heavily on NFCore modules which have preconfigured URLs already. And what you always should do as well if you work with modules use NFCore tools because they automatically fetch and update URLs in the modules for you if you need that. A good, and that was also briefly mentioned by someone in the Slack channel today to me is a good thing is also if you have any issues with Conner packages then please try to use one but as a drop in the pre placement the commands are not really different. The only thing is that you get much better error outputs you will know much better what went wrong and you will also get much faster dependency resolving which will tell you much faster okay where your issues are fixed up if you import a Python package that is incompatible with another Python package in your condo environment, you will see that much quicker with member than with the regular condo. So some last words maybe software packaging can really get complicated sometimes so to be very honest I spent more hours than I would like to. I'm not making bio condo and forage packages, but nevertheless this always plays out in the end, because once you're there once you did it once, it usually is really easy to update these bio condo packages. It's nice because there are many other people out there, especially from the other communities like bio condo and condo forage, who will automatically pick up packages and update them for you. They even have automated update bots that will from time to time check GitHub repository URLs and just send an update for your recipe from time to time, which in some cases you can just review and then just accept them then you will have a new version of your tool available if you do that Similarly, if you build your own Docker files for example all the time, you have to do all of the heavy lifting on your own which is cumbersome and takes a lot of time. So maybe it's a good idea to invest the time to bring everything to bike from the code approach, and then just rely on that. Without always ask these as a set multiple communities around, who are really happy to help. And then also we have the NF co communities like so the help channel for example you can also ask for guidance and input on your recipes. It's not really a problem we have a lot of people who have experienced with this so if you're a beginner and want to get somebody looking over it before you actually go to the, let's say hardcore bio condo and condo forage communities who are multi experienced users. Then you can also ask there if you want to. And always remember a collaboration is a key key factor there. So if you do everything on bio condo and condo forage, it's also good because everybody benefits, not just NF core users who are using your packages maybe with a pipeline. But if somebody for example wants to use your tool with for some custom analysis they also will find this on bio condo and condo forage and they use it, which means that you also get contributors and users for for your own tools for example, which is always great because you also get feedback you also get improvements sometimes feature requests, sometimes even PRs that help fixing things. So it always played out nicely for me at least. So yeah. So, and that's just this basically all the help pages that we have and if you have some questions you can also just ask them now. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you very much Alex for this insightful talk. There is a comment in the chat already pointing out maybe one further difference between by a condo and condo forge. And they mentioned that condo forge also targets Windows Linux and Mac whereas by a condo only targets Linux and Mac so that could be an additional difference. Yes. That's true. Yeah. So my question actually my problem with the multi containers or the multi tool. The hash table is very nice to find something. What combinations already exists or to add a new one, but I always struggle to then find that long container hash that actually already provides this tool is there an easy way to find this. There's two ways to do it. The first one would be if you open your pull request against this multi tool containers, then as someone approves your PR and merges it, then an automated continuous integration service will pick this up and build it for you so you can go into the locks of that CI and find the URL because at some point that CI also pushes that image to buy containers. That's how I do it usually because that is kind of for me it always felt like the most convenient way to do that. However, if I'm not completely wrong here because I never used that before. There is also a service URL which can look for combinations of packages, which can use like a search engine basically and then just look for the combination that you want to have. If you're lucky, for example, there might also already be such a container. For example, BWA and SAM tools. I would envision this is a standard thing that a lot of people will have already would like to have. So there should be multiple versions with multiple combinations of the two tools existing so you don't necessarily have to build your own thing. So that's just the two ways I know. Thanks a lot. I think I also just know those two ways and we would be interested to know more if there's more. There's another question by Phil. He asked, could you reiterate when you would change the build number? Yes, so maybe I go back to the recipe that you know about what we're talking about here. In some cases, for example, a recipe is broken. So, for example, if some of the dependencies of that recipe was broken because one of the libraries that Bowtie used was broken on Bioconda. So, unfortunately, Bowtie didn't release a new version in the meantime because Bowtie itself was not broken, but the dependency was broken. And in such a case, it would make sense to not change anything here, but just increase the build number two here. So you could then tell the CI this continuous integration service to rebuild this entire the entire recipe automatically pulling in the latest dependency, which is hopefully fixed by then. And then rebuild the entire thing in a way that it's not broken without actually changing the version of the actual recipe because that was not changed obviously. And then you get like a sample is 1.15-2 then available as a condo recipe and also the containers would have that dash two in the build number, which will hopefully be fixed. So usually that is just used for like a patch of dependencies or things similar things. Yeah, thanks a lot. I actually also have a question now that we are here. I think when there's a new version of that package, then there are even automated PRs that will update the recipe for the new version, right? Can you tell us a bit more about this? So the Bioconda community has an automated bot that queries all the URLs that are mentioned here in the source YAML files and automatically tries to update them by taking the existing recipe just adjusting the app as a change and also decreasing the build number to one again. So I think it just does these three things that runs, I think all day or overnight or something like that and then automatically opens full request against the Bioconda repository.  Okay, this looks good. See, I also run through in most cases because the dependencies are not usually changing that often. And then basically the update will go through quite quickly so that people don't have to do that manually on their own. Yep. So if Phil, for example, updates multi QC, usually the system picks that up within a couple of hours, and then you get the PR if Phil was not faster than the system to open that on him on himself. I think that that really facilitates work then by a condom. So, and we have one final question I would say for today. Regarding the pie test runner, how do we know which version of the pie test runner is required if you know about it, or is it seems like a very specific question though. It's a very specific question, which I cannot answer at the moment to be very honest, because I'm not experienced too much in the details of the Bioconda and Convaforge continuous integration services they have their own kind of customization in place there so I'm not really familiar how, how they test Python packages inside of the container and the package building process. I'd have to look that up actually, if that is something of concern. That could be something to ask on the Bioconda slack. Yes, that could be something you could ask there. Okay, so thank you very much everyone and thank you especially you Alex for this interesting talk. Definitely. I'm sure it will have lots of views.


Felly, we're here with Professor Kenneth Armstrong, who is the Director of the Center for European Legal Studies, and this is the first in a series of videos about important issues leading up to the referendum. So Kenneth, do you want to start by talking about an area of your expertise and why that matters? I think the area that I think I'm interested in talking about is free trade. It seems to be a very important part of the referendum discussion. On the one hand, for some people, free trade is important because they think it's a means of creating economic prosperity, increasing jobs. But on the other hand, people worry about the consequence of free trade in areas, for example, like workers' rights and even something like animal welfare and protection. What role has the EU played in bringing about free trade? The origins of the European Union rests in the creation of a common market with the aims of removing barriers to trade. Right across the EU member states. And again, for some people, that's a good thing because it enhances the choice for consumers of the market, increases possibilities for business in terms of cross-border trade activity. But again, on the other hand, some might see then that as a danger and a risk in terms of the capacity of businesses to relocate from one part of the European Union to another with a consequential impact on jobs. And on the area of animal welfare, for example, the movement of livestock across borders and concerns about the levels of protection that are supported in the circumstances. So, from a legal perspective, where do you think the law has got it right at EU law level? It's a difficult one because we always have to think about, well, if it wasn't the European Union, what would free trade look like elsewhere? And much of the referendum debate discusses a range of different models, whether it's a Norway-style model or something like a bigger international trade model. I think one thing that European Union can say is that it does try and balance free trade with fair trade by ensuring that there are relevant rules and regulations with respect to workers, with respect to animal welfare. And I think it's important to remember that outside the European Union it's much harder to get that level of common agreement on regulatory standards in other areas. So the European Union is an example of free trade but it aspires to fair trade. And so what might the prospects be for this area of free trade post Brexit? There are a number of different options that are available if the UK decides that it wants to leave the European Union. It could decide to have a very minimum engagement with the single market only in respect of maybe goods and services but not workers and that would be a very minimal version. Or it could go for a more maximalist version, something quite similar to what is already in place but perhaps with some stronger opt-outs in some areas. Is there one key message that you'd like to be seeing better communicated about free trade in the lead up to the referendum? I think that both, if you like, the traditional left and the traditional right have different views on free trade and in some ways they are being articulated in the debates. And I think that both sides in the political debate need to be more upfront about how they see free trade or fair trade developing, whether the UK remains inside the European Union or if it exits the European Union and if it exits the European Union. What version of free trade, fair trade balance, would it like to see? Thank you very much.


Afternoon baseball here on the show coming up we've got a good match up in store between the New York Yankees and the Seattle Mariners. So the Bronx bombers attempt to break out the brooms in this three game series right after this. Nick Margavich's will do the pitching in game three of the series. Then please act. What do you got wanted the keys to look for with this guy this afternoon. He's had a really difficult time getting people out with runners in scoring position. Over 300 average against coming into this start. He's really struggled when there's been traffic on the bases. And this is something he's going to have to clean up. Here's the second baseman DJ LeMay here. He will lead this one off today. First delivery to him on the way. Edge of the zone that time taken and ruled a strike. Fellas the Mariners entering play here this afternoon. Fair to say they're not playing their best baseball right now losers of five of their last six.  One thing they'd like to do get on that plane feeling good about themselves and salvage the last game of the series. Yeah they need to find a way to win this one today get on the flight makes everybody's dinner tastes better nine game road trip coming up. A lot of packing involved a lot of grinding on the road they need to find a way to win this last one at home. So the bases are empty with one man gone and striding into the plate it'll be Miguel and Doohar. First pitch of the at bat on its way strike called tough to do much with that one. The very comfortable afternoon for baseball 61 degrees our game time temperature into the wind up here comes the 0-1 week grounder down the line at third and there are two away now. And that'll bring up Aaron Judge who comes in today leading the American League in batting for the season. This season really shouldn't come as a surprise to many. We all know what kind of skill this guy produces when he has a bat in his hands. He's ready. Here's the first offering on a line that's a base hit. Giancarlo Stanton will get a chance in the inning following the base hit so they get a two out base runner here following the base hit that leads us to check out the lead leaders in team batting average and we see that these guys are currently second in the A.L. in that department and digging into the batter's box next will be Giancarlo Stanton. He gets a shot to hit here in the inning following the two out single. Yeah and that hit might not amount to much but any time you could extend it in and give a guy with plenty of pop a chance to swing it the outlook of an inning changes dramatically. First pitch coming here it is outside part of the plate the changeup is in there. So let's take a look at our umpire and crew in this one working the plate Rusty Valentine Dan Rusty Valentine behind the dish tonight. He is north south without question letters to knees. I tell you what he really favors a power pitcher. If you can consistently pitch at about the chest level and above he'll call that high strike zone. I think he's a very friendly pitchers umpire. It's a very friendly pitch pitchers umpire. If you're going to have success against some of the better hitters in the game you've got to get that pitch right there. Oh to he's almost certainly out one one he's got a chance to really do some damage as a look now the pitch lying to the right side. Henneger is there and he'll make the catch to retire the side one left for the Yankees. It's the Yankees nothing Mariners come into bat major league baseball is on the show Masahiro Tanaka will be the starter in this one for the Yankees. What's your take on him Dan. Hey this guy's had a solid year up to this point it's not an easy thing to do in baseball this year with all the high scoring games but this guy has an ERA of sub three and that's saying something if he continues to do that I think you're going to see a really good performance out of him in this one. Striding in D Gordon it'll leave things off here in the bottom half of the first game. The pitch. Well this Yankee ball club entering play this afternoon here they've had it go in the last 10 games there's seven and three over that stretch including a win last time out. Yeah Matty this team finds itself with a huge lead double digits right now and climbing playing really good baseball. Some people will say oh you don't want to have that big a lead you start resting on your laurels I look at it the other way man you've earned the right to kind of get some guys off their feet if the manager wants a lot of different ways you can go about it. This is focused in playing really good baseball. I would not worry about it. Keep pushing the throttle. Ready with the first pitch here it comes. Malik Smith comes on with one away as he looks at a ball. It's the one and oh now here's the pitch that ball to now. Bases are empty one man down low and the plot thickens here three and oh part of the order on deck so keeping this two hole hitter off the bags is always important. Here's the 3 0 and he missed with that one. It's ball for a one out walk here in the home first and that's the beauty of having a guy in the two hole like him. He's almost like another lead off hitter working a walk with just one out there's a good chance that he's going to be on the move at some point. Mitch Hennigar the next bat he went hitless last night in a game where his guys could push across only one score. Here comes the first pitch over and a dive but he's back in there. Smith a runner at first with one gone in the inning and again a throw dive but he's back ready with the 0 1. Nope. That's a great call right there fastball away with a guy who's got some jets on first base almost like a hybrid pitch out.  Got to believe that runner from first is going to be in motion especially in this situation as an offensive player just hit something hard because those defenders are going to be moving the three to pitch is swung on and misty got him on strikes batting for Dan Vogelbach is next in past meetings with Tanaka he's gone two for eight. Here's the first pitch to him pitch out nothing doing the 1 0 that can be one of the downfalls of pitching out. It puts you behind in the count and if you throw another ball you're kind of in a difficult spot a runner on first with two away. Look out all over the place now three and oh if I'm managing this hitter right here he doesn't even have to look down at the third base coach you know he's got the green light he's one of the best hitters in your lineup rare three 0 curveball drops in three and one that's the perfect pitch after you've just brushed a guy back the hitter probably isn't sitting up there thinking you're going to flip something soft up there finds the zone to fill the count three and two good spot for an RBI put the ball in play with the runner in motion he could score all the way from first now the three and two pitch and a good at bat that time as he lays off for ball four and as a result that'll move a runner up into scoring position now with two away batting at this rate he's going to set some kind of a record for walks issued in a game where he'll get an early look we'll see if he can settle down here and start to find the strike zone or if he continues to struggle coming to the plate now Carlos Gonzalez and he could give his guys an early lead if he can come through here first pitch of the at bat on its way and he lays off there one and oh week rounder back to the mound and the two out threat will not come to pass as the inning is over a couple of walks but no damage and inning in the books no score on the show and that'll bring up labor for it as it'll be five six and seven do up to kick off the second inning for it in field in the over shift here now the pitch first pitch fastball in there for a cold strike jumped ahead with strike one there and that's something he's going to do a lot of in this start he doesn't have lights out stuff so it's important for him to be pitching ahead and have the hitters on their heels to the wind up here comes the two pitch and a changeup swung on and missed for the first out batting to stepping in Gary Sanchez comes off an 0 for 4 in last night's ball game first delivery to him on the way fastball taken but that gets the zone for a strike and it's 0 and 2 to Sanchez Sanchez is certainly known in part for power at the plate in particular in these types of matchups against a left hander on the mound yeah because he knows that lefty can't get inside on him what a comforting feeling you know it is as a hitter when that pitcher has nowhere to go on the inner half of the plate the 1 2 hit in the air after straight away left in there a base hit now in the box Mike Tokman and as you can tell easily from the splits he's really struggled away from their home ball ready with the first pitch here it comes off the plate the 1 0 fouled off no score here as we play any number two now a chopper to first might only get one the second for one and the relay won't nearly be in time as he's there easily so that one wasn't quite hit sharply enough to turn to well when you get a ground ball in a double play situation you always want to turn it but that was a tough hit to do it you don't want to rush and make a mistake and get no out so that was a good job to at least get the runner going into second striding into the box look void and the home away splits tell us he's actually quite a bit better hitting on the road than he is at home he's set and the pitch first pitch curveball runs in a bit too tight it's ball one a ball in a strike two out with the man at first two balls in a strike to the Yankees first base man fastball and looks like they're pinching him a bit here it's three and one Tyler Wade would be next I fly ball out to straight away center Thompson Williams will get there and he puts it away to retire the side Yanks leave one will go to the bottom of the second no score here's the third baseman now Kyle Seeger he had a couple of hits in the ballgame last night the third baseman Kyle Seeger field shifted well to the right here's the first pitch the bouncer to the left side and a rather easy first out batting seven the center fielder Thompson William stepping up now Dom Thompson Williams and he's a guy looking to break out in a big way hasn't been getting the results he or his club have been hoping for he's ready here's the first offering and he waves at a curve ball there no balls in a strike hit down the third baseline but this will wind up a foul ball strike to bottom of the second here with no score really pulled that one across as the slider misses well inside fouled away the one two is a swing and a miss that strike three on the mound he's going to get a little bit of pressure and he can grab some pine rook listen for almost everyone the adjustment to get big like pitching is a big one some guys have success when they first get called up that as soon as teams start figuring out how to get you out that's when the learning process really starts into the box Austin Nova and she'll take a look at a slider here that misses for ball one will try to make something happen with two gone in the bottom of the second but this is the kind of guy you just have to go right after he's not the biggest threat with the bat so it's time to challenge him right here to knock against the sign needs a strike here on three and oh and that misses as well ball four so it's a four pitch walk here three of those pitches were definitely out of the zone but that last pretty darn good to me you're not usually going to get many favorable calls on three and oh though you have to earn that spot digging in J.P. Crawford and he's got batting lineup near the 300 mark entering play here it comes down one in a way on the first pitch fastball there it's ball one that evens it up one and one one and two the counts of the Mariners shortstop not much you're going to do with that pitch right there you have to catch it out front before it even breaks and even if you do that it's a tough pitch to keep fair look out that one almost got away from him two and two now back to back sliders in on the hands he handled it real well at all in the previous pitch so why not come right back with it again better job of laying off that one though he's ready with the two to pitch got him swinging and that will end the inning Mariners leave one will move to the third with no score and that'll bring up Tyler Wayne he did not play last night but clearly back in the starting nine for this one now the pitch pulled a strike on the first half 0 and 1 man it's quickly 0 and 2 that explodes as this is popped up and safe it first on a bang bang play as that last lunge was enough to beat the throw I know that has to be frustrating from pitcher standpoint but nice execution nice hustle bottom line nice hustle pitchers still one good pitch away from getting a double play you know D-roll one of the things you want to do is make quality pitches as a pitcher and there's not much you can do right there you make a pretty good pitch next to you know you have a lead off single on an infield ground ball pitch outside the throw he's in there easily as the throw bounces on the way down you know I like the aggressiveness there they haven't cracked the scoreboard at this point so it's clear they're trying to manufacture something by forcing the action we'll see if it works out for he's ready here's the 1 0 and a strike to even the count one and one no one out with a runner at second hit on the ground the third there is Seager and that's out number one now batter the third base Miguel and and that'll bring up Miguel and do hard he's over one after grounding out in his only trip to the plate so far ready with the first pitch here it comes shocked he didn't let it fly right there usually you're looking for a fastball elevated to get the party started the 0 1 on its third inning no score to this point no offer on that one two balls and a strike I'm pretty surprised by the location on those last three pitches the book on him is that he hits the way pitch pretty well and he just saw three in a row out there so does he go back out there again no man I expected to mix it up most catchers won't call for the same location over and over and over and that's the second now batter designated here Aaron here's big Aaron judge runner in scoring position with Sugan here's the first pitch to him the set and the 1 0 and he won't bite at that one either it's 2 and 0 hey always a good idea to take a couple of pitches when you're facing a young arm like this one and now he's put himself in a real good hitters count no score at this point but a two out hit could get a runner in from third this is lying to left and a base head is the run will score from third and the Yankees score first it's one to nothing I know we sit up here and talk about it a lot just grabbing the momentum trying to tack on early runs as quick as possible it allows the pitcher to go out there relax attack the strike zone it keeps everybody involved that two out RBI I know it's early but that just gives everyone a chance to just relax and compete Jim Carles Stanton now yes he'll take a look at ball one hit it hard but lined out in his first at bat the 1 0 it's a lot easier to hit when you're putting yourself in good hitters counts this guy's done a great job not swinging at pitchers pitches and when he's getting the ball in his own he's getting the barrel to it he's been hot lately to an O count and the pitch too high and it's 3 and 0 if I'm in the box right now I'm coming unglued he is going to throw something over the heart of the plate here it is the 3 0 is taken strike one passball is taken for a strike and he runs it full three and two three to two out runner on first lots of possible outcomes on this pitch swing and a miss and that ends the inning and two hits for the Yankees will move on to the bottom of ending number three it's the Yankees one and the Mariners nothing back now for the Mariners third turn at bat and unfortunately for them and their fans this lineup hasn't really found its stride this season they entered this game near the bottom of the league in both runs scored and batting average which has led to a lot of criticism of just about everyone involved one player told me we don't deserve a lot of praise for the way we're swinging the bat this year and that's been a real wake up call most importantly we expect way better of ourselves so it's on us as the hitters to work together and figure this out back to you guys for the thank you Heidi the second baseman D Jordan baseman in tight protecting the Bunt the first pitch D Gordon is in for the second time here as he looks at one outside it's one and all that hook stayed up in the zone you can see struggle with that curveball early he's trying to find that release point with his off speed pitches left to see if he can find the feel of that thing moving forward lifted down the line in left and this will wind up a foul ball Gordon bats left but throws right and stands at five eleven he's currently on a one year deal so he stands to be a free agent at the end of this season you know Maddie I know he's in the final year of his contract but he's playing to expectations to be honest with you I know he wants to turn it up a little bit though as he approaches the end of the season and make that salary push as he heads towards free agency again and lifted in the air to straight away center center fielder on the run he gets there to make the play for the first out of the inning the batter is the one gone now we should get a look there at where the Yankees stand currently in the American League East Mallick Smith the next to hit first delivery to him on the way sent in the air out to straight away center Tuckman is there to gone now but it's still early but it's also worth noting that he'd be in line for the win if this keeps up as we take a look at the league leaders in games one this season and as you see there that number has him tied for second in the AL in that category into the box Mitch Hennigar his guys still looking at a zero in the hit column Tanaka is ready first pitch on the way a ball and no strikes yeah that looked like a strike but let me tell you when you're staring at a big zero in the hit column getting a call like that to go your way can feel like a big victory look like a breaking ball there but it missed badly to an oh not even close with the one oh he needs to get back in his own but be careful work the quadrants to tight with that one three and oh now with the base is empty I think he needs to be careful not to just groove one here just because it's three and oh he's a guy that could ambush you and lose one over the wall here's the pitch and this one misses inside a ball he walked him and they've got themselves a two out base runner they haven't been able to register against this guy but at least they have a base runner here we'll see if that leads to something so now it'll be the four hole hitter Daniel Vogel back he drew a walk his first time up from the pitch and noted tying runs at first right here but if the pitcher on the mound executes keeps the ball in play I think good things are going to happen nothing in one count here it comes curveball swing and a miss and he's behind in the count oh and two he's attacking this hitter a lot more aggressively than he did the first time when he faced him and issued a walk coming right after him here that's a hit the first of the game for the Mariners and that one will go no further than second as there are two aboard now I know this pitcher trying to keep his pitch count down but that's right there no left field right down the middle he's lucky he's getting his ball back here's cargo Carlos Gonzalez and this one's in the dirt and the runners will stay put here on ball one you know here it is this one's flared off to the right side and that's going to fall to the base here the throw home all but it's offline so the run will score or there are big RBIs and big base hits the road but none more than with two outs a perfect two out knock right there not only ties things up and keeps the inning going as well yeah just a great approach right there by the batter you never know when your number is going to be called you always wanted to pass the baton to the next guy behind you take the donut off your bat and trust in the teammate behind you that is a huge knock and keeps the line moving in the dirt here no movement on base it's bowl one the set and the 1 0 that one's going to find the seats strike one ready with the 1 1 two men are on with two men out back to 2 and 2 pretty good breaking ball to lay off of right there if I'm pitching I might think this guy might be sitting on something off speed here's the 2 and 2 now about a 58 foot breaking pitch that he wisely lays off here he only needs to find a pitch to put this guy away with right here right now he can't allow this inning to get any worse than it's already become out of the stretch the three to home bounce to first scooped up and he'll step on the bag himself and the inning is over M's pick up a run on two hits on now to the top of ending number four all tied at one and one all set for the start of the fourth digging in for a second at back torres he looked to bounce back after looking out his last time up yeah and he didn't put up much of a fight either Matty got to find a way can't go down three pitches I don't care if you're staring at him or swinging him you have to find a way to make this picture work a little bit harder against left handed pitching so far this season torres brings a batting average just a little over the 250 mark play one ball one strike on the season torres is slugging north of 480 which puts him among some of the best power hitters in the game in that category his swung on and driven out to right center field a ball that's well hit and this ball is gone no chance to make a play on that one solo shot to right center number 13 for him on the year and the Yankees take the lead it's two to one I know Heights Heights twenty twenty but you can't throw that pitch to that guy don't forget he homered yesterday so you know he's locked in and ready to roll up there we'll see if he learns from that mistake now that plate Jerry Sanchez Jerry and he hits it hard to the right side field cleanly throw on the first so a good comeback there as he gets the first out of the inning now batting the center field Mike talk settling in now Mike talkman one run in and one gone so far this inning he's ready here's the first offering grounded the first out of the inning and he'll take it to the bag himself for the out plate look point comes into this at bat 0 4 1 in the ballgame first pitch of the at bat on its way lined hard toward right center Hennigarh is there and they'll make the catch to retire the side Yankees do get one on the solo homer bottom the ball is coming up two to one New York welcome back to T Mobile Park in Seattle as we send it down to Heidi Watney thanks Matt I talked with Mariners manager Scott service during the break about his team's offensive performance so far and overall he's really happy with the at bats they're putting together he cited the four walks they've earned already as evidence that his guys are waiting for the right pitch and that they're willing to let the opposition work themselves into trouble so far that's paying off. OK thank you Heidi digging in now for the Mariners. Dom Thompson Williams he was a strikeout victim in his first try. Let's get her fielder. John Thompson. Really a pitch line drive that's going to be caught out there at short and an unlucky start to the now that time as the leadoff man is set down. No law digging in to try it again. Austin Nova.  Here's the pitch ground ball left side to get him already two away here in the home for the batter. Number three shortstop J.P. Crawford digging in now J.P. Crawford looking to put the ball in play here. He went down on strikes in his first at bat Tanaka sets his sights. Here's the pitch ball one back off the plate ball in a strike at nibbled the corner there but missed two and one one run two hits and no errors in the game for the Mariners to this point two and two the count looking to punch him out again the pitch not where he wanted that fastball to be and it's three and two now that was kind of a gift to the hitter. He's up there probably thinking of protecting on two and two but when you launch a ball that high out of the strike zone it's obviously easy to take that one. Well that was a slider and a three to count and it just didn't tempt him enough to get a good swing a good job of pitch recognition and knowing the strike zone to draw the free pass there into the box now. D. Gordon it was a flyout for him in his last trip. He's ready. Here's the first offering. Wonder if that called not going his way right there has anything to do with walking the last guy. We all the vampires don't give you much on the corners if you're not throwing strikes consistently takes a pass and misses that strike to strike. Hey he's got great feel for that pitch right there. He can throw it any time he wants for a strike now a ball lying to the left side but this is a foul ball not surprised he's laid on a heater right there just saw an off speed pitch one to stay back a little bit too long the one to yank high and deep down the line in right and it's a foul ball hit on the ground out to short that's through when he's got his first base hit he's one for three and now he has some trouble with it in left. I don't know what side of the fence I fall on boys old stuff that's something that gets me is watching guys so here's Malik Smith as a watchman missed on an in for a ball one or no for one for him here in this one here down the right field line and no one will track it down fourth inning of a two to one ball game real good cut at that slider and he's behind one and two a ball and two strikes lying to the right side and that will fall in front of Stanton it's a base hit off line so the run will score and time will be called here as a pitching coach heads out to the mound and hopefully try and settle this guy down a bit. Stepping in now is Mitch Hennigar so watch a slider that runs out of the strike zone away for ball one two men on two away here in the fourth. Here's the 1 0 two down runners at first and second in the air down the line in left and that will end up a foul ball too much bite on the breaking ball that time as it's well off the outside three so it's a full count now for the guy in the mound this is one of those innings where nothing comes easy he's thrown a bunch of pitches and this A.B. hasn't been any different definitely laboring at the moment he sent the three to ground good to the right and that's through into right field for a base hit the throw to the plate and he will beat the tag at the plate as he scores to make it a three two game. Well that has to feel good as a hitter do we get that base hit to give your team to lead you have to feel good when you get down the first base yeah it's just a nice approach you see him turn to his boys right there and get fired up with the dugout 100% not trying to do too much able to quiet the moment down center himself and come through in a big spot in now Daniel Vogelback as he'll take a look at a strike on the outside corner it's 0 and 1 last time through was a base hit 0 1 offering a couple of righties starting to loosen now in the bullpen here's the 1 1 hit hard up the middle for his picks it up throw over to the main he would second and that'll do it so to run on three hits no errors and two men left on base we played four full it's the Mariners three and the Yankees two welcome back Heidi Watney standing by as we get set for the top of the fifth thanks Matt I talked with the Yankees manager Aaron Boone during the break about the team's offensive performance so far and one thing he mentioned is how well they're doing it simply putting the ball in play they currently have more than one hit per inning and looking at strikeouts they only have two so far the recipe for success has been to make contact early and often good stuff Heidi thanks next for New York Tyler Wayne start off the fifth in this one you'll be Tyler Lee here's the first pitch to him trying to lay one down here but he misses strike one pitcher wants to have a quick inning right here capitalize on the momentum his batters have lofted in the air out toward right center center fielder giving chase he gets to it and makes the catch for the first out now batting second base strike in once again D.J. LeMay here 0 for 2 for him to this point first delivery to him on the way that misses wide one ball and one strike one and two to D.J. LeMay here one and two one and two pitch hit back up the middle and that'll get on through into center and he's got himself a one out hit you know D.Rowe the old school thinking sometimes isn't you're going through a bad streak like this guy any way you can get on a little jam shot even though wasn't pretty maybe this could get this guy finally going yeah I can't tell you how good that had to feel right there there's moments where you slap that donut off your bat you don't even want to walk to home plate your scuffling so bad here's Miguel and Dehar now as you will look at a first pitch fastball for ball one 0 for 2 from him so far in this one that's ball at 88 that time a ball and a strike lifted in the air out towards left center and that ball gets down out near the wall and should be extra bases and they'll have runners at second and third following the one out double the good news for pitchers in this park is that it doesn't give up many home runs a lot of room in the outfield sometimes that's the bad news as well though because there's a lot of space for hits to get down and to go for extra bases just like that Aaron John is at the plate now he's quickly behind 0 and 1 from the stretch breaking ball below the zone that's ball one some action out in the bullpen couple of right handers starting to loosen up fifth inning a play here in a three two ball game and it's a ball and two strikes not Aaron judge he's gone to the well with that pitch three times in a row I'm interested to see if he changes it up right here pops this one up and that's in there base hit but the throw is well up the line and a second runs going to score with that base hit right there that's his third RBI the game more importantly his teams now ahead yet he's a special player he's got a great approach all day he's battled his tail off and he's given his team single handedly almost given his team a chance to win this one at the plate now Jean Carlos Stanton this he'll take a look at a pitch too low it's ball one no hits to this point ball in a strike the one one count is one and two now ball sent down to deep left center field this is Jean on to Ron Homer off the bat of Jean Carlos Stanton number 17 for him on the season and it's now six to three no surprise with that swing of the bat this guy is simply one of the best in the game right now there's not too many guys that take a beautiful hack like that in the league now here comes the Mariners skipper out to the mound and it changes in the offing as that will be all for his starter this afternoon so he'll make his way to the dugout and he's working just four and a third and he just didn't have his best stuff in this one Mr. Cortez Jr. will come on in relief here and appear in game number twenty five on the year so far to the plate now Torres labor and that's a fair ball lying to the right side he's around first heading for two and he'll pull into second base balls a game of streaks and runs and he is on one right now no question he's swinging the bat very well of late and when that's the case you can't wait to get in the batter's box definitely the case in this game that's his second base knock this one for extra bases that's now two hits so far for him in this one so now to the plate Gary Sanchez as the first pitch misses to him it's ball one four runs here in this half inning smoked the left side and that's through and a left to base hit and they're not going to get him as he's in there to score now that the center fielder Mike talk into the box Mike talkman as the first pitch to him runs a bit inside for ball one I think he's got to find a way out of this jam and limit the damage if he's unable to do that this game could get away from him seven runs eleven hits and no errors for the left this is lying to left and that'll get down for a base hit nothing fires me up more than watching a hitter take what a pitcher gives him pitches away batters able to keep his hands inside not trying to do too much and just force for you to single stepping in now look void as he'll try to hold back on the swing but he went around for the first strike he's hit listen is to add bats so far here comes the first and second now one man out swung on and missed one and two now you chase a pitch that bad outside the zone you got to find a way to regroup adjust the batting gloves only look over the hard low seventeen inches the one to change up laid off down around the shins Tyler Wade looks like he'll get a second shot here in the yetting he waits on deck now the three and two pitch and he grooves the fastball there this is hit high and deep out to straight away center field but he's going to get there as he runs it down on the warning track for the second out of the inning now batting the ready for another chance Tyler Wade a hidden two at bats for him at this point in the ballgame here's the first pitch to him a lots of guys get too aggressive in a spot like this but he's done a nice job of gaining some count leverage look for him to put the ball and play hard here strike two is the hanging slider was let go two men are on with two men out into center field line drive base here he'll come home with it all but it's offline so the run will score boy that's an aggressive send there Dero because this out there has a very strong throwing arm yeah and when you're sitting in the hitters meaning that stuff they go over so every base runner is on notice knowing that this guy's got one of the strongest arms in the league but they challenged him and it worked and that sends DJ LeMahieu into the box as he'll take a look at a strike right down the middle it's Owen one he's working on a one for three thus far oh and one here it comes checks his swing but this will be strike two call set to deliver on nothing in two here it comes line that's a base hit in the left field the throw home but the throw is well up the line and he scores easily hey they weren't going to keep this guy down for long that's the ebbs and flows of the baseball season the bottom line is this guy has bat to ball skills you knew he was going to get hot eventually you're going to be gets the call to pitch here and he'll try to sort this mess out he's going to try to at least eat a couple of innings for his guys the bill on standing in now Miguel Andujar as he looks at a fastball that's in there for strike one he's got a hit in three at bats to this point now the 0 1 8 2 boy this is one of those a B's you like to hit the rewind button on put himself in a tough spot now hitting with two strikes a swing and a miss on a ball way outside the strike zone and the inning is over but not only do they take the lead they also open it up a bit as seven men come across to score last half of the fifth coming up the Yankees lead at nine to three digging in and looking for more Carlos Gonzalez he leads off this half inning and what they hope would be a rebuttal to all those runs they just gave up well man I think mentally they need to get one or two of these run back right here just getting on the board after getting socked in the mouth by the opposing team can lift up a bit we'll see if they could string something together lays off one and oh and that pitch misses in the dirt and it's two and oh now it's one thing to get hit around but it's far worse when you're getting yourself into trouble by not throwing strikes every pitcher has been there but it doesn't make it any less frustrating or unacceptable outside three and oh now there's Kyle Seger in the on deck circle will see him next swing and a liner Tokman is there and he has it for the first out now bad the third baseman Kyle Seger so coming to the plate Kyle Seger he's over two in the ballgame so far first pitch coming here it is fastball taken but that gets the zone for a strike one out nobody on and a fastball in the dirt that's taken for a ball on this deflects right off him and there's out number two the batter the center fielder John Thompson William ready for another shot now Dom Thompson Williams it's been an 0 for two effort for him to this point first pitch of the at bat on its way and it's fouled away and this one's downstairs it's a ball and a strike two out nobody on one and two now is that one's fouled off to knock against the sign here it comes there's a swing and a high deep drive headed for the right field corner and that's going to wind up hooking just a bit foul so a missed opportunity there the one two takes care of him and the ending is over one two three go the Mariners still way back it's nine to three stepping in and ready for another shot Aaron John he'll try and get things started as we begin inning number six John he's ready here's the first offering 1 0 the wind up and the 1 0 pitch and this is going to find the crowd down the left field line it's a ball and a strike 1 1 here's a swing and a ground ball and that's through for a hit and I mean obviously this guy is built to play in the daytime for how bad you know he's seeing it good right now these are the days that you remember for a long time plate now Giancarlo Stanton as the first pitch to him is in there for a cold strike one 0 and 1 here it comes outside 2 and 1 and he fouls this one off hit sharply on the ground that gets through and he'll reach base again on his second base hit of the game nice execution right there Dan kept his front shoulder in kept his hands inside the baseball and ripped the base hit up your pitcher right there you can't get discouraged sometimes even when you make a good ditch the ball is going to find a hole somewhere that would right up the middle into the box now Torres as he lays off a fastball too low for ball one the 1 0 that's a ball got to find a way to execute either a good fastball down the way or flip something off speed for a strike you cannot miss over the harder plate in these situations the hitter is on high alert now the 2 0 somebody's getting frustrated he's not used to getting hit around like this first and second here with nobody out and he misses with it ball four so that'll load the bases and now he's really going to need to get a ground ball well all I know is now these guys don't need any more help to get on base believe it or not that's the first walk they've gotten they've done all their damage the hard way see if they can add to it here now at the plate Gary Sanchez is looking for hit number three here in this at bat ready with the first pitch here it comes here comes the 0 1 hit hard down the left field line but this is foul near the seats bases loaded here nobody out took something off there as this pitch is in the dirt but handled quickly behind the plate hit out toward second and the scoots under his glove oh what a time for that one run scores and he is in there now batting the center field Mike talk at the plate Mike talk man ball one and a ball one and a it was a single for him in his last at bat the 1 0 home great chance right here as a hitter to be really aggressive with two guys already on pretty good shot he's going to get a challenge pitch right here the 2 0 3 and 0 now well nothing can make you question yourself on a mound more than three straight balls to a guy you know that you should go right after sometimes you just lose the strike so need you don't know why and I don't think that's what he wanted to do as the bases are loaded now with still nobody out what's the saying when you find yourself in a hole the first thing you should do is stop digging well the gun that bump obviously hasn't heard that one so striding in Luke Voigt he flew out in his last at bat yeah and I'm sure he'd like a base hit of some sort right here Maddie but hey you know what another flyout wouldn't be all that bad if he can get it deep enough he should be able to drive in a nice run with a sack fly just off the outside that time laid off for a ball nowhere to put anybody 2 0 count not a good spot to be in as a pitcher too tight with that one three and oh it often becomes harder to hit the zone when the pressure starts to heat up tight spot bases loaded nobody out and he'll just make him throw one over here three and one taking all the way there and a walk could be huge here so I wouldn't be surprised if he's got the bat on his shoulder again on the next pitch the three one lying to the right side and that finds the outfield grass for a base hit one run is scored and the second run will score as well now batting left fielder Tyler Lee Matt McGill gets called a pitch here and he'll try to sort this mess out he's going to try to at least eat a couple of things for his guys Matt mud hill now Tyler Wade as he will look at a first pitch fastball for ball one runners at the corners here nobody out to an ode of the Yankees left fielder two and one sure took a healthy hack that time now the two one pitch got to think it's going to be a fastball here on three and one he definitely doesn't want to walk the bases loaded hitters count all the way here it comes and he misses ball four so he comes out of the bullpen and immediately walks the first man he faces now that's a big no no he obviously had to work carefully with two men on but he did not want to walk of the load the bases now he's really got his work cut off for him we'll see how he fares here so stepping in DJ LeMayhew he's ready here's the first offering pitcher on the mound has to find a way to minimize damage right here got to believe he's willing to trade two outs for a run bases loaded here nobody out outside for one and one and down in the mariner bullpen it looks like a right hander is up to throw two balls in a strike down to the Yankees lead off man ball sent back up the middle one there first and it's a double play although the run does come into score from third up next to the Yankee a bases loaded last thing you want to do is ground into a double play and that's just what he does one run scores but you don't get an RBI in that spot that's a rally killer bases empty now after the double play and that will give way to the third baseman Miguel Andujar from the stretch high in the air out to center field and he'll get there in plenty of time to put this one away and that ends the inning so there's already size of a lead gets even larger is five more runs cross the plate we'll see eight nine and one do up in the bottom of ending number six the Yankees are out in front 14 to three. Your attention is going to come on in relief as he'll be making his 20th appearance of the season. Bottom of the sixth inning now standing in Austin Nova he got on top of one it was a ground out victim last time this one doesn't look good so far down by a boat load as we entered the middle innings it's about time they get something going and the last thing you want to do is fall down and you have to score a bunch in the eighth and ninth inning. Hard hit ball to short he has some trouble with it being time as he'll be able to beat out the recovery throw at first now bad nice effort by the shortstop right there kept it in front of him that's that's all he could do right there Dan you know do you want a spot like that that's an in field single that's a tough play just to knock that ball down was a pretty good job but anyway you look at it that should be scored a base hit and I'm sure it would be a good hit that's here's the pitch JP Crawford is in for the third time now as he takes a called strike it's oh and one nobody outrunner on first this one's outside quite a bit off the plate that time Crawford a California born ballplayer he's in his fourth season as a major league player and this one's high and tight back in him up two and one just behind the fastball there are two strikes now they'd like to see a little bit more discipline in that you know he's got a lot of favorite he's swinging a pitch that bad not good the two to fouled off making him sweat out there the seventh pitch coming up still even at two and two the pitch after multiple pitches were fouled off it gets a little disappointing as a pitcher so you think say I'm going to throw one way off the plate and see if he'll chase it didn't happen and here's the ball straight away right therefore it is Stanton and he's got it for the first out the batter number nine second baseman D Gordon here's D Gordon now he scored after reaching on a single in his last time up. Yeah guys everyone knows he's been slumping Dan you can certainly attest to this only amassing a solid one hit in your entire career but pressures off now maybe he doesn't want to go down runners on first with one down pulled toward right center field. Tokman is there to put it away and the runner will be forced to retreat back to first the batter number double zero designated hitter Malik next for Seattle Malik Smith he's working on a one for two games so far he comes set up with two hits a runner on first with two away now a fastball for a called strike it's one and one one of the best ways to keep a guy uncomfortable is to pound him inside they're doing that and this one caught the zone the one one you got two balls one strike that's ball three well this has been a long inning already and I know he doesn't want it to get any longer I expect a challenge pitch right that time as he lays off for ball four and as a result that will move a runner up into scoring position now with two away right fielder Mick digging in much handker he's one for two in the ball game from the stretch sends that one out of play for strike one two down runners at first and second shin high that's taken for a ball no offer on that one two balls in a strike boy this hole he's digging on the mound is all his doing if you can't throw strikes you're not going to be out there very long all even now two and two from the belt the pitch he got him lively fastball that time and it puts an end to the inning Mariners leave a couple and they remain well well behind all set for the start of the inning in now is the Yankees DH Aaron judge he reached on a single last time and later wound up scoring there's a strike at the knees 0 and 1 hit sharply on the ground to the left and the throw to first is in time so the leadoff man has gone here to start inning number seven the batter the right fielder John Carlo Stanton striding forward now the Yankee cleanup hitter John Carlo Stanton he singled his last time up first pitch coming here it is the wind up and the 0 1 thinking held up in time but that becomes moot as it's a cold strike to bases are empty one man out and a swing in the Miss here so it's a quick two outs to start the seven if you've got a good fastball going and they're not handling keep throwing it right there three fastballs in a row he go on Torres and that misses ball one so far two for three in this one hit to short and the off balance throw is right there for the third out and a high degree of difficulty on that one is the side is retired so here's the cleanup hitter Daniel Vogelback one for two lines so far in the game it doesn't look very promising so far in this one as we move into the later innings down by a bundle it's time to get some base runners and hopefully a long ball to get them back into this one fastball close but ultimately ruled a ball one and oh double barreled action in the Yankee bullpen now a lefty and a right hander start to get loose a swing and a shot hit down the corner big fly to start the inning instead of foul ball he's going to be thinking about that pitch all night if he doesn't have a big game right here hold this front shoulder here's a fly ball well hit meanwhile this ball is in the right center and that ought to be good enough for extra bases and he's going to get to second now with nobody out and he obviously didn't know last night's hit this out and get to his head too much because that's his second hit of the ball game this one a double I'm sure he's feeling a lot better about the way he's going right now so now to the plate Carlos Gonzalez as he takes a cold strike at the knees its own one eye in the air out to right field Stanton has a read on it one out now batting third baseman Kyle Seeger at the plate Kyle Seeger ready with the first pitch here it comes on one one out in a runner on second base now a slider well off the plate in easy take there two balls in a strike there's the two one home did in the air out to left weed is in his tracks now as he makes the catch for out number two up next for Seattle the center fielder Tom Thompson William now at the plate Tom Thompson Williams he's hitless in three at bats to this point he's set and the pitch runner in scoring position at second with two down and he look at a fastball just off the black and it's even at one there is a base open here so the option to work around it is there if they want to go that route hit weekly back to the mound throw on Devoit takes care of him and the inning is over one left for Seattle and as you can see they are way behind late Gary Sanchez and to start out the inning it looks like they've decided to stick with the same reliever out there they have met I think the way he pitched the last pitch inspired that but it's not uncommon for relief pitchers to have troubles after they sit and watch their guys swing the bat a bit we'll see if he stays as sharp as he was before first pitch coming here it is and it's one and one hey I hope that call doesn't throw him off his game right here he's been pitching one heck of a game and I hate to see the umpire get in his head right now the one one is in there that's a great job by the pitcher right there stealing a strike with that get me over breaking ball and now we can get a little nastier with it in the dirt fastball swung on and missed for the first down man I love watching a pitcher that just rears back and blows smoke by a guy at the letters now that's the ultimate challenge pitching for me personally watching hitters swing and miss man that's a sight of beauty standing in now Mike Tuckman I see we'll take strike one on the fastball here no balls and a strike he's working on a one for three thus far the wind up and the oh one no ball one one and one grounder down the line at third but a foul ball one and two now he takes strike three called on the fastball couldn't pull the trigger and there are two away yeah as they say there's a hole in his swing in that location so a good job there of exploiting that that can be real hard for some guys to overcome when teams start figuring out what locations you just can't handle stepping in now look void as he'll look at a fastball in there on the outer half it's oh and one he comes into this appearance in the midst of a one for four day into the wind up here comes the oh and one and a pitch in the dirt as he lays off it's one and one the pitch and this is low ball two two and one a bit of a hanger but it's laid off and called a strike two balls two strikes a crucial count for both pitcher and hitter so Dan what was your approach on the mound in that county is still pitch for the strikeout here action pitch right here to two the last thing you want to do is to fall behind the count three two bases are empty here with two men out turned on that one and crushed it just pulled it a little foul now another two two and a great inning here as he gets another punch out and strikes out the side in order three up three down three strikeouts not too shabby more matinee baseball here on a Wednesday afternoon following this so striding forward now Austin know that they get things started now in the bottom of ending number eight first pitch of the at bat too much bite on the breaking ball that time as it's well off the outside as mentioned early in the broadcast this series finale had the potential to result in a series sweep and at this point in the game it's looking rather promising hey Matty V. Yogi Barra had a great saying it ain't over till it's over well this one's just about over with the team playing as well as they are and leading by as much as they are this one is pretty much in the books little chopper back to the mound and there's one down now the batter number three shortstop J.P. and that'll bring in J.P. Crawford it was a flyout for him in his last trip first pitch of the at bat on its way well behind that fastball it's a swinging strike and it certainly would be a big morale boost to a team if they're able to complete a sweep like this one on the road in hostile territory they might even change their nickname for this team to the road warriors a sweep is looking pretty good as they're leading this one again late in the ballgame and he'll try to get him to chase the fastball there but he lays off one and two man that's a good take there on that oh two fastball just missed he must have a really good eye at the plate and he lays off it to even the count two and two one out nobody on a fastball swung on and missed and for the second time today he's gone on strikes I really liked it he gave up nibbling out of the zone trying to get him to chase that wasn't working so he just reached back and no good old country hardball fastball right by him no better feeling in the world when you're a pitcher to throwing a fastball right by a guy and here's the speedster D Gordon ball one to start the at bat bouncer up the middle the base hit his second in this one two for five now hey another base hit right there D world they already stranded two runners could this possibly be eleven and that's the name of the game right there Danny hitting with runners in scoring position you have to find a way to buckle your chin strap and stay in there and fight for a knot at the plate now Malik Smith as he lay off a slider too low bowl one he's one for two in this one fouled away high in the air and a shallow left center here comes a left fielder he makes the catch what a play on the run to end the inning Mariners leave one and they remain well well behind Taylor Williams comes on to pitch now hoping for better results than the other arms that they've run out there in this one Taylor will young new winning set to get underway stepping up to the plate Tyler Wayne he's two for three and looking for more here first pitch of the at bat ninth inning underway now is the first pitch is taken for a cold strike and he lays off for ball one hot shot on the ground is short throw on the first for the out and that is how the ninth inning gets underway standing in DJ LeMayhew he was a double play victim last time around he doesn't have to worry about that in his situation Maddie no one on base right now try and get something up so you can drive the baseball in time here with the first pitch fastball that's one and oh when you've got a guy that throws a good two scene fastball you have to be ready for him to try to run it inside and jam you a good job to lay off that one but I wouldn't be surprised if we see it again fastball at ninety six on the radar gun and it's one and one right hander starts to loosen out on the bullpen now bases are empty one man out here's a fastball now that's it softly down the line to third and very quickly there they're too gone to start the inning now batting the third base then Miguel and do hard stepping into the box Miguel on do hard and looking to improve on a one for five effort so far first pitch coming here it is look like he was going to wait him out see if he was going to come over the heart of the plate well newsflash he is and this hitter is going to adjust his batting gloves and he better be ready in the box two out nobody on got him a swing out of his shoes on that one nothing in two hey this is an amazing inning right here attacking his own keeping his defense invested chance to get off the field super quick one ball and two strikes to count swing and a miss blew the fastball by him and the inning is over one two three go to bombers but not to fear as they hold a commanding lead Britain a South Boston standing six foot three gets the ball now out of the bullpen number fifty three Zach Richard stepping in Mitch Hannigar starting things for his side in the ninth as they face the improbable odds of trying to come back in this one and a hope for them at this point these guys know these bats still count at least for their own stats you can't mill in your chances as a professional ready to deliver here's the first pitch Britain is about as stingy as they come in terms of a bullpen arm he's proven very difficult to hit and it's a rarer thing still to see multiple hits against him you have Matty being it you know why it's so hard to score off of this guy he's nearly impossible to get three or five in an inning to score run he keeps his walks per nine inning is it really down and you look at his hits per nine innings pitch it's no wonder why this guy's one of the top relievers in the game now number 20 nothing fires me up more than watching an offensive player stay inside a baseball and drive it the other way to the plate now Daniel Vogelback as he'll take a look at a slider here that finds the zone for strike one so far two for three in this one here's a breaking ball but it doesn't quite find the strike zone and some action out in the Yankee bullpen now as a right hander starts to loosen up ready with the one and one no offer on that one two balls in the strike and one good job to work to count and put himself back in the driver's seat started off with one strike and now he's got to count his favorite three and one swing and a ground ball to third and just past his outstretched glove into left hander that guy's obviously seeing a ball right now that's another hard hit single three before right there he's looking super solid at the plate at the plate Carlos Gonzalez a ball of no strikes he comes into this appearance in the midst of a one for four day the 1 0 below the zone is swinging a miss you have to find a way to lay off that low sinker there is just no way to do any damage you're just looking at the center ground out to the left side count even at two and two from the belt the pitch and it's fouled away to two to short a terrible bounce and it goes right by a pentagon rounds third and is digging for the plate he pulls into second safely as also on the play a run comes across to score the third there's just so high all places in the strike zone so he's going to keep this guy from hitting the ball hard that really is not that bad of a pitch just a little bit down and away but he's all over it and he catches in a run on the double so now to the plate tile seeker as he'll take a look at ball one it's not easy to continue pounding the strike zone when you've given up three consecutive hits but he has to trust that getting the ball down in the zone will get him out and he watches one miss outside to an oh no this is getting away from him out there as a reliever you can't let that happen nothing you can do about what's already happened and it's only going to get worse if you're not focusing on the guy in the batter's box runners at second and third here nobody out and there's ball three no his pitch count is getting up there in the inning now he needs to get this frame over with sooner than later so forcing contact and getting the defense involved is probably the best thing he can and oh he thought that was ball four but it's called a strike three and one now stealing that strike on three was important but you don't want to miss over the heart of the plate in this situation I got to believe he's going to be way more aggressive right here a couple of men in scoring position here with none down and the count will be full hit softly down the line at first but this will get foul so they'll do it again three and two and this one for ball four and now that will load him up here with nobody out that was a great battle right there and he tried to get in the chase but he laid off some really tough pitches and got to walk got to tip the cap to the batter that time Tommy Keenley is summoned in the toughest situation or reliever can face bases loaded nobody out Dom Thompson Williams will stand in against the new pitcher and he couldn't ask for a better scenario as he stands in with the bases loaded and nobody out he's ready here's the first offering yo one tight spot bases loaded nobody out two and one two balls and two strikes now lifted in the air to center field Tokman is there let's see if they try it and the throw comes in and all three runners are forced to hold on with one away now now batting catcher all day coming to the plate now Austin Nova he's got a hit in three at bats to this point he sat here it comes bases are loaded with only one out to back up the middle and that will get through into center field for a base hit one run scores and the second run will score as well and I can't imagine that's a pitch he was looking for right there that he did his best to get his nose in there and drive that change up for a basic AP Crawford standing in now JP Crawford as he'll take one up in the zone but indeed in the strike zone for the first strike now this is on the ground at first we'll see if they can get to tour as at the bank on the first and he rolls a double play ball to end it here as this ball game is over well these guys feel pretty good about themselves and they should any time you can come into somebody else's ballpark and sweep a three game tilt you're doing something right great team effort 14 to 6 is the way this one ends the Yankees put up a 15 run attack on the scoreboard today Masahiro Tanaka earn his ninth win of the year Nick Margavich's permitted six earned runs to come across in the losing effort so that just about does it for Mark DeRosa Dan please act Heidi Watney and our entire crew I'm Matt Vaskers and you've been watching MLB the show for more make your way over to the show nation dot com


In our universe, there are electrically charged particles that interact with each other. Some are positive, others are negatively electrically charged. Electrons and protons, of which atoms are made up, are for example such electrically charged particles. Electrons are negatively charged, protons are positively charged. When you bring two positively charged particles closely together, they repel each other. Two negatively charged particles also repel each other. When you bring a positive and a negative particle together, they attract each other. Through such repulsion and attraction charged particles interact with each other. Experiments have also shown that these charged particles do not all attract or repel each other equally strongly. There are charged particles that attract each other more than others. To quantify this difference in attraction and repulsion, we say that charged particles carry different charges Q. The charge is measured in the unit coulomb and is abbreviated by the letter C. The greater the charge Q of a charged particle, the more it is repelled or attracted by other electrically charged particles. In order to distinguish positive and negative particles, we assign a negative sign to negatively charged particles. For example, Q is equal to minus one coulomb, minus two coulomb, minus three coulomb, and positively charged particles, we assign a positive sign. For example, Q is equal to plus one coulomb, plus two coulomb, plus three coulomb, whereby we can of course leave out the plus. But what do electric charges have to do with electric current? Let's do a little thought experiment with what we know so far. Take two boxes with a hole that can be opened and closed. First we close both holes. In one box we put many positive particles. Each of them carries the same charge Q and for fun it is one coulomb. In the other box we place many negative particles, each with a negative charge. The two boxes now form a large electric charge. We can also say that the negative box forms a negative pole and the positive box a positive pole. The two charged boxes will now of course attract each other. To prevent this, we fix the two boxes so that they cannot move towards each other. Next, we connect the two boxes with a conductive wire, for example a copper wire. By conductive we mean that charges can move through this wire. What happens to the positive charges in the positive box when we open it? The positive charges can now move to the negative box along the wire. Why are they doing this? Well, because they are attracted by the negative charges. This movement of the charges is an electric current and it's in the direction of the negative pole. Qualitatively speaking the current becomes larger when more charges pass through the wire. But how do we quantify the current now? Let's abbreviate the electric current through the wire with the letter I. Then we concentrate on a cross-sectional area of the wire. If we cut the wire, we would get such a round circular area here. This circular area is called the cross-sectional area of the wire. The positive particles will of course pass through this area. Let's count how many particles pass through it. Let's do it for 10 seconds. We use the letter N for the number of charged particles that have passed through the area. Here we go. One particle has passed, second particle has passed, third, fourth, fifth, stop. 10 seconds have already passed. So we counted 5 particles. How much electric charge was now transported through the cross-sectional area? Let's label the total charge with a capital Q. If 5 charged particles passed through and each of them transported the charge of one kilo, then in total 5 kilo were transported. We just multiply the number of particles in with their charge Q. So 5 kilo of charged were transported through the cross-sectional area within 10 seconds. To find out the current I, we should answer the question, how much charge per time has passed through the cross-sectional area? Well, there were 5 kilo per 10 seconds, so capital Q divided by T. That's 0.5 kilo per second. So 0.5 kilo of charge is transported through this cross-sectional area every second. The unit kilo per second is abbreviated to A. A stands for ampere. In our thought experiment, we assigned a random value of 1 kilo to the positive particles. But in reality, the particles carry a much, much, much smaller charge. Usually, the negative electrons are responsible for the electric current in conducting wires. They carry a tiny negative charge, namely minus 0.00000000000000016 kilo. For the electrons to generate a current of 0.5 ampere, 3125 quadrillion of electrons per second must pass through the cross-sectional area of the wire. This number is unimaginably large. For the 0.5 ampere, which at first glance appear to be a minuscule, an unimaginable number of electrons must pass through the wire. So to sum up, the electric current I is charge Q per time T. The current therefore tells us how much charge per second is transported through a cross-sectional area. In order for the current to be generated at all, charged particle must be set into directional motion. This directional motion occurs when positively negatively charged particles are separated and then attract each other. The separation of charges is characterized by the so-called electric voltage. But this is a topic for another video. With this in mind, bye and see you next time.


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