Hello, hello, writers! I'm Kristin Kiefer, author of fantasy fiction and creative writing resources, and you are listening to the Well-Sturried podcast, where I share insights, encouragement, and actionable advice designed to help you craft sensational novels and build your best writing life. Always in 30 minutes or less, so you can get back to writing, of course. Ready for the show? Let's get talking. Writers, it is so lovely to be back and chatting with you for another episode of the Well-Sturried podcast. Thank you so much for joining me today. Today is, of course, Thursday, August 19th, 2021, and in today's episode of the podcast, we are talking all about how to level up your writing and storytelling skills. If you would like to read along as you listen to today's episode, you can find the corresponding article at well-sturried.com slash life. Now, without any further ado, let's dive into today's episode. Storytelling is both an art and a craft. And like any craft, the skills required to write great stories can be taught and learned. The most fundamental way to improve your writing and storytelling skills is to write. Every time you read a book or watch a movie, you internalize important storytelling lessons. And the simple act of writing allows you to subconsciously apply these lessons to your work, using healthy self-criticism, that is, comparing your stories to those you've consumed, to hone your craft. That said, there are also action steps you can take to level up your skills and stories with intention — to learn more about the craft of writing fiction at a faster and more effective pace. Since you're reading this article, or rather listening to this episode, you already know one way to improve your craft. After all, I've made it my mission here at well-sturried to teach writers how to craft sensational novels and build their best writing lives. And you've clearly taken the initiative to learn. So, way to go. What are some of the other steps you can take to improve your skills and stories beyond simply consuming how-to content? And how can you best apply what you learn to truly level up in your craft? Let's break down these six essential strategies you can put into practice to pave the way for incredible growth in your writing life. Strategy number one, adopt a growth mindset. Imagine you want to learn to play the guitar.  Of course not. Nor should you expect yourself to know how to craft a fantastic story the first time you pick up the pen. As I often say, excellence is an earned skill. To excel in any craft, you must be willing to start from the bottom, to know nothing and learn everything. Embracing humility in this way is key to growth, and ultimately, success. If you struggle to believe that you could ever write excellent stories, then you're likely operating from a fixed mindset. This is just a fancy way of saying that you believe your skill is static, that you aren't capable of growth. That raw talent is the only thing separating the successful from the unsuccessful. But writer, this is far from the case. In truth, there's no limit to how much you can grow in your craft. Yes, talent might be a boon to creative excellence and success, but it isn't passion, it isn't persistence, and it isn't damn hard work. Plenty of people waste their natural talent, just as plenty of so-called mediocre creatives go on to prove to the world just how phenomenal their work can be. So before you take any action steps to level up your skills and stories, first take a moment to adopt a growth mindset, to believe that you are capable of becoming the writer you want to be. Because you are. You've got this, writer. Strategy number two, mind your doubts. Most writers view doubt as a roadblock in their writing lives. They see it as an obstacle to overcome, or even a weakness to hide. But as I first mentioned in Build Your Best Writing Life, my self-development book for writers, doubt can actually be an incredible tool for self-improvement. When handled mindfully, doubt is nothing more than your subconscious trying to bring potential issues to your attention. Often, your subconscious presents these issues in the form of a question. Am I not good enough to write this story? Is something in this scene not working? Does that dialogue sound wrong? Doubt becomes destructive when we take the question mark of uncertainty and transform it into the period of a limiting belief. I'm not good enough to write this story. I can't make this scene work. I write terrible dialogue. As a writer, it's your job to accept the helping hand that doubt presents. To do so, consider the question that doubt poses. Is there really an issue that you need to resolve? And if so, is there an action you can take to resolve it? For example, if doubt tells you that you might not be good enough to write your story, then ask yourself why? What's really going on here? Maybe you don't feel good enough because you don't know what to write next. This situation doesn't mean that you aren't capable of writing your story. It simply means that you need to take a step back from drafting to figure out where your story lost momentum. Maybe to read up on the basics of story structure. See how that works? You can use this same process to transform any instance of doubt into a springboard for growth. Strategy number three, read critically. The books we read have much to teach us about how we can improve our writing and storytelling skills, and we can be intentional about learning and absorbing these lessons. There are many ways to read critically. For example, you might review how your favorite author writes descriptions to learn how to improve your own. Map out the structure of a book in your genre to better understand the types of beats you need to hit. Write a book review to consider what you did and didn't like about the novel you just read. Explore what makes one of your favorite scenes so memorable and immersive. Or examine the feelings of jealousy that arise when you read to understand areas where your own work might need improvement. If you'd like to take your critical reading skills to the next level, then you're in luck. I've written a full article and done a full podcast episode on this topic that you can find at well-draid.com slash reading or by checking out the podcast episode from January 16th, 2019. Strategy number four, consume prescriptive content mindfully.  Books, blogs, podcasts, social media posts, you name it. It's no wonder that many new writers feel overwhelmed and inadequate when seeking resources. To save yourself from information overload, try to consume prescriptive craft content mindfully. Choose just one or two resources to review per week or consider only consuming content when you're ready to address a specific issue or area in your writing life. While you can learn a lot by reading and listening, the best way to absorb new information is to take notes. By jotting down what you're learning, you identify the key techniques and strategies you can apply to your work, helping you better understand what you're learning and how you can use that information to improve your craft. By taking notes, you can also create a personal database of the writing and storytelling principles you find most helpful, which you can then reference on repeat throughout your writing life. Awesome, right? On to strategy number five, we go. Implement, implement, implement. Knowledge is power, but it isn't action. If you want to improve your skills and stories, then you need to implement the information you've consumed. To do so, consider slowing down. Many writers treat productivity as religion, focusing so much time and energy on getting words on the page that they fail to put in the work to write better words. Yes, writing is foundational to your growth, but implementing new knowledge often requires a slower approach to creative work. So don't be afraid to take your time. It's okay to sacrifice word count in the name of honing your dialogue, just as there's nothing wrong with foregoing revisions for a few days to really dig deep into your story structure. Complete a writing exercise or journal from your protagonist's perspective, whatever you need to do to realize the growth you've imagined for yourself. Put in this work now and you'll reap the benefits for years to come. Finally, strategy number six, seek feedback. As writers, we are often too close to our manuscripts to truly see their strengths and weaknesses. That's why seeking external feedback on our work is such a profound way to improve our skills and stories. When we seek feedback from beta readers, critique partners, or professional editors, we intentionally cultivate a broader understanding of where and how we can improve in our crafts. We pave the way for incredible growth. That said, I know it's not easy to share your work with others, especially when that work isn't yet polished. But remember, good feedback is constructive. It exists to build you up rather than tear you down, to help you make your stories the best that they can be. If you'd like to learn more about how you can handle constructive criticism with grace, then check out the full article on the topic or podcast episode on the topic from July 1st, 2021. You can find the article version at well-storied.com slash mindset. Putting these six strategies into practice in your writing life is a fantastic way to improve your writing and storytelling skills with intention. But don't forget that at the end of the day, the most fundamental way to write better stories is to keep writing stories. You don't need to know every writing tip and technique in the book, no pun intended, before you begin writing. Nor is it possible to master the tips and techniques you learn without putting your newfound knowledge into practice. Find a balance between writing to improve and writing to write, and it won't be long before you recognize just how much you've leveled up your skills and stories. Happy writing! Thank you for listening to today's episode of The Podcast Writer. I hope you found it helpful to your writing journey. If so, make sure to subscribe to the podcast so you never miss a new episode and to give the podcast a quick rating or review. Doing so goes a long way toward helping the podcast reach new writers and lets me know that you're enjoying what I'm creating. You can also give me a shout out directly on instagram at christin underscore keeper. For additional guidance as you work to craft sensational novels and build your best writing life, be sure to head on over to www.well-storied.com where I share blog posts, workbooks, e-courses, and other helpful resources for writers. Again, that's www.well-storied.com. Thank you again for tuning into today's episode my friend. Until next time, happy writing!


Thank you very much, and thanks to the EA to invite me for this keynote lecture. Acrology is an activity whose origin lie in the far distant past. Fifty thousand years ago, for example, nirndertal man or woman I had fossils back to the arcy-circure cave in Borgundi. Much later, on Agronidus' last king of Babylon in the 7th century BC, accidentally stumbled or opened the remains of a temple constructed 1500 years earlier by the famous king Amurabi in the city of Larsa in the present day Syria. Inspired by the discovery, he had the remains uncovered and restored into the following inscription that you hear. I raised there the inscription of the ancient king, et cetera, et cetera. My heart exalted holding the peacocks, carrying the shovel, transporting the basket. I rebuilt at the end the temple in the ancient style and decorated this structure for my lord Shamash and Asya. I restored it on a lobster tablet. I placed the inscription of the ancient king Amurabi which I had read along with my own and I reinstalled it forever. In one fell soup, Agronidus invented the archaeology in all its aspects as the science and language of origin. His description evokes the excitement of the initial discovery as we normally know as archaeology but also the techniques of excavation and restoration and finally the manipulation of the past for present ends. While archaeology, this time of the modern sense, really only developed in the Renaissance, it is in part at its roots an eroded interest on the part of scholars, princes and ecclesiastical dignitaries for the glorious antiquity of the Greco-Roman world which were in the process of being rediscovered at this time. It is this prestigious past that would fill museums, initially private museums, in cities across Europe that would inspire the first plant archaeological excavation such as those carried out at Pompeii. Soon after, however, at the end of the 18th century the notion of nations developed and in hand with the rise of romanticism and the French Revolution. Up until this time, kings ruled their subjects under divine rights, that is by the will of God and they expanded or reduced their kingdoms through wars and riots. Now, however, we see the rise of missions which were seen as communities of citizens animated by a civil destiny, sometimes by a single race and whose origin lay in the midst of time. Archaeology is elsewhere false tested with a new mission to legitimize this new nation by revealing in the glorious past. Those were constructed what we often term were constructed what we often term national natives. While every mission developed its own national narrative that of France had a particular other species opening chapter the defeat at Alesia of the goals against the Romans in March 2012 during the new the inauguration of the new museum designed by the architect Choumy at Alesia, the former French Prime Minister at the time, François Fillon declared that this was a founding defeat. Alesia was first excavated in the 1860s during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III who had a grandiose statue of a grandiose statue overseen in Gatorix the defeated Gaulish leader erected at the summit of the site excavations have been carried out ever since, most recently by a German a French team. As an act of flattery the sculptor M.A. Mille gave the Gaulish hero the features of the emperor which proved to be an auspicious choice since Napoleon III was subsequently defeated at Sedan in 1870 during the French Persian war. This defeat led to the establishment of the Second War, Reich which was proclaimed in the Galerie des Glasses in the Palace of Versailles in 1871 but also led to the establishment of the Third French Republic. This inaugural defeat at Alesia was in fact just the beginning since the Roman conquerors were in turn defeated in a few centuries later by the Germanic armies under the leadership of the Frankish king Clovis. The Franks in turn were destined to disappear culturally within the mass of the Gallo-Romans leaving only a few Germanic words in our Latin derived language. This is why in contrast to all other capital cities the National Museum located at the Louvre in the center of Paris in the Palace of the Kings however no objects found on the French soil but rather objects imported or looted from Italy, Greece and the Near East which the French elite of the 19th and 20th centuries saw as their true cultural roots. In contrast the German National Initiative opens with a victory that of the German armies of other Roman legends led by Vals in the year 9 A.D. This event is illustrated for example in the Bar Rolief phrased that still graces the star well of the old National Gallery in Berlin where the same thing is followed by the depiction of the Christianization of the Germans by Saint Boniface in parallel to the statue of in parallel of the statue of Wesson heroics at Aletheia a gigantic statue of army news was erected in a red mold on the base of this statue is a bronze barolief of Kaiser Wilhelm I fashioned from cannons seized from the French army at Soudan furthermore in parallel with the inauguration of the museum at Aletheia the Waos Schlatt Museum was recently opened in Kalkrisa by Chancellor Angela Merkel here on the slide however no mention was made in her speech of a founding victory but rather it took the form of a call for peace getting back to France there is in fact a National Museum of Archaeology in the Paris area but it is located in a distant residential suburb at Saint-Germain on the and its lower profile is matched by the lower number of visitors that cause its threshold the fact that was recently highlighted by the French court of auditors it has been suggested that it should be moved to the Ile de la Cité in the center of Paris to a new site facing the Louvre and that is should even be enlarged to cover the entire history of France at the moment the collection comes to an about end at the Merovingens the Museum of Aquitaine in Bordeaux for example presents exactly such a large historical panorama from Palérethique to now at least on a regional level as do museums in many other countries but in striking confirmation of the regional denial the higher administration of the French Ministry of Culture immediately opposes suggestion without any political arbitration at a higher level this explains why the trajectory of rescue archaeology in France diverge from that of many other countries in fact up until the 80s of the archaeological site discovered in the course of large scale development works such as underground core parks motorway high speed train lines or quarrying were more or less abandoned to the Bordeaux's however we know now that in any proposed railway or motorway corridor for example one important site will be encountered on average every one kilometer admittedly in the post war construction efforts have had to prioritize urgent needs and initially focused on providing accommodation and rebuilding the industrial infrastructure however by the 60s the country was once again rich and under the auspice of the minister of the culture Andre Malau the writer culture was cherished great effort was for example spent on innovating the historic facade of the capital city however it was not until 2001 that the law was voted for the protection of archaeological heritage on which obliged developers to fund rescue excavation prior to large scale works it was this law that also created the national institute for preventive archaeology in Europe so 150 years after the creation of the French archaeological school that undertook extensive excavation at Delphi Delos for mania and crate however no sooner was this law adopted on January 2001 than it was attacked by the new conservative parliamentary majority and it has been under attack ever since the most emblematic measure that has been to open the so called market for this rescue excavation by authorizing the creation of private archaeological companies most specifically if the services of the minister of culture demand it necessary to carry out an archaeological excavation prior to a development it is the developer who choose the company who will carry out the excavation by putting the various actors in competition the body selected may be the INRA a regional archaeological service or equally a commercial archaeological company who will generally propose a cheaper and more rapid intervention to the detriment of scientific quality the service of the minister of culture retain a watchdog status but start of resources and personnel they have difficulty carrying out this war furthermore this private companies can benefit from a significant research tax credit which allows them to propose a reduced fee in other words public money from french citizens is used to help private company to compete against and sometimes threaten the very existence of public services in a regional or municipality archaeological services while at the same time lowering the quality of archaeological excavation and the protection of our archaeological heritage of course the granting of this tax credit to commercial company is subject to the opinion of scientific experts who determine if the company's activities truly constitute scientific research however this opinion is purely consultative and the administrators of the Ministry of Finance in their ultra-liberal real and ideology at the time they were opposed to the setting up of the Europe often ignore it and thus subsidize these commercial entities the court of auditors turns a blinder A to this as those the so-called competition authority the so-called independent body close to the Ministry for Finance in such instance the term independent is used or should we say abused or modified body where all the members are nominated by the government as elected by their peers nonetheless because of this commercial place war several private archaeological company have already followed and the largest of them is now in severe financial difficulty in addition in France archaeology tends to be one of the favorite targets of our spoken critics of rules and standards in 2013 for example deputies Alain Lambert a conservative and Jean Claude Boulin a socialist stated in a record an administrative standard that is written the abuse of our duty to archaeological memory can sometimes compromise our duty to the future in that it was important to limit the number of rescue excavation also in October 2014 the government issued a framework of so-called 50 new simplification for business which included the so-called number 14 adopted under pressure from the public work private sector and which states somewhat jargonistically as you can see that for 2015 when the known nature of the terrain is unlikely to further the existence of remains alternative investigation technique particularly non-destructive surveying will be employed so as to make diagnostic more rapid in plain language this means that that's pre-development that's trenching mechanical excavators over 10% of the development sites as it currently the practice like on the picture will be a think of the past and instead we will have to rely on the so-called non-destructive geophysical perspective this despite the fact that comparative studies in France at least clearly show that 80% of sites discover through destructive testing actually failure to be detected using such alternative non-destructive techniques finally while nothing has happened as yet we are all aware of the tenacious of such argument for the simplification of standards which can be discerned in the recent French law governing the evolution is the name the evolution of housing territorial and digital planning the law has led in the case of heritage to the suppression of the so-called statement of conformity issued by the architects of Bâtiment de France who control every building permit and it's a placement by a simple non-constraining recommendation everything leads us to fear in the present context that there will be further attacks on rescue archaeology in the near future however near the costs near the delay associated with rescue excavation are prohibited there are in fact a million of constructs like depollution, water table geological testing ecology that nobody deems unnecessary and that well-organized developers manage to foresee the overall planning of the works as we are at the cost of archaeological investigation there are in reality really in excess of one to two persons of the total cost of the development and are in any case in the high speed train tickets for instance or tolls on housing in prices large developers are perfectly aware of this and they now use their participation in archaeological works as an opportunity to self-promotion more than more over of the 50,000 hectares of plants developed in France every year or 500 square kilometers equivalent to an area the size of French department every decade only about 50 to 20 persons are affected to archaeological testing and of these only one case in five results in a real excavation this means that barely 4% of the developed land surface is actually excavated and this work generally takes a matter of weeks or at most a few months finally certain things of daily activity entirely escape archaeological supervision such as large scale deforestation and especially agricultural work modern agricultural machinery penetrates deep beneath the surface and is capable of gradually reducing ancient walls to dust as attested by Iron and Jerry Iron and Jerry the sign and destruction actually accounts for at least half of the destruction to the archaeological results as we have discussed one more time yesterday in our session with Maryakia where many of the paper about the Valetta convention it would be useful to have equivalent statistic for all European countries showing the area subject to development works each year and the area that are really investigated archaeologically and actually excavated these figures exist for certain countries but are seriously lacking for others however when attempting to define a real policy regarding rescue excavation particularly in the context of the European association of archaeologists over the past 30 years against the official national narrative and in many parts in Europe archaeology has in reality completely overturned our understanding of the history of the French territory and in the other countries and has destroyed many long-held cliché prehistoric people were not so rich roads but rather life in equilibrium with the environment and it healthy and in fact we all here in this room too carry within us Neanderthal genes the invention of agriculture and animal husbandry over a period of millennia millennia often ignored in our school curriculum and in our culture represents the most radical revolution in our history from which spang among among other things the demographic explosion the generalization of violence and the emergence of social hierarchy the Celts did not live in huts in the middle of the forest nor did they eat wild boar like obelix in the post-erics comics but rather they lived in two towns surrounded by countryside that was more deforested than ours today and regularly divided into large farms lived antiquity did not witness onslaught of blue craze barbarians but instead was a long period of progressive ethnic decomposition and cultural mixing the middle age were not an age of darkness but constituted the first industrial revolution which paved the way for the ninth nineteenth century industrial revolution and I could go on archaeology is or could be for example an opportunity to reflect on the identity of society and their constant evolution on migration and continual intermingling on the collapse of societies and their relationships with the environment as well as on power and resistance to power however all this is struggling to make its way into school curriculum despite the efforts of the number of the digital educators and into cultural institutions there is still in France and in some other European countries the lack of regular archaeological programs on TV channels in contrast to the situation for instance in the UK Scandinavia or Japan there have been plenty of attempts but they always fall full of the intellectual laziness of the channel directors who tend to transmit their own disinterest in the subject back to their audience compared to Scandinavia the US or Canada France for example tends to lag behind in the field of meteorography but the issue of rescue archaeology is also a European question since 1992 this activity has been regulated by the Malta of Aletta Convention however this Malta Convention does not say anything about either the financing of rescue archaeology or about its organization this is why its organization can vary considerably depending on the various national traditions at present depending on the country two main options emerge on the one hand the state is seen as the principal actor not only in the supervision but also in the organization of archaeology under other archaeology seen almost as an economic activity like any other which is therefore part of the so-called market economy these two broad options are also found more generally in the administrative and political structure of Europe it would seem that the best option of all would be to provide Europe with large common public services by using the various national public services so as to create for example a single European postal system a single public transport system a single power supply service a single health insurance system etc the chosen second option is practically the opposite we are opted to progressively eliminate the public services of each European nation and to hand them over to the competitive private sector the so-called free and fair competition in the Brussels news peak the process which is more advanced in some countries than in others consequently we should have a multitude of competitive private companies each with the possibility of working anywhere within the European economic space in the first case we are dealing with public services whose only reason for being is to serve the public interest in the second case we are dealing with private company whose only reason for being is to make a profit but who in making this profit are supposed to offer the best possible service to the consumer on condition that this consumer really has all objective information at his disposal the first the first model belongs to the social democratic political tradition or to water down version which is sometimes known as the prime land capitalism the second model belongs to the British and American tradition of economic liberalism or ultra liberalism which was particularly developed under the leadership of Ronald Reagan and Marguerite Thatcher surprisingly the citizens of Europe have never benefited from an open political debate on the essential question of what type of society should be selected and in practice it is the liberal model that has come to the fore in common European policy Admittedly the pressure exerted by the liberal economic model is not just a European issue in fact this pressure which originates from the US is applied through the international bodies such as the World Trade Organization the International Monetary Fund or the Work Bank among others in the case of archaeology the results of privatization has been pretty negative in many European countries at least as we have witnessed in France there is a decline in quality and working condition scientific documentation becomes dispersed and level of recording vary greatly depending on the company on sites involved and also against the working condition of the archaeologist on the field outside Europe this trend is even more marked in the United States where some companies have a reputation for never finding archaeological sites during testing operation carried out for development in contrast in Japan an industrial country that devotes more time and resources to archaeology about 1 billion euro and 60,000 professional archaeology archaeology was for a long time largely a public service and ministered by local governments and there were practically no private company until the ultra-liberal policies introduced by the present government when we speak of the current crisis in Europe or more not only economic but political societal and cultural or more precisely in the EU we might ask ourselves if this vision which is ultimately philosophical of a society where everything is subject to competition might not actually be the deep rooted and the most serious cause of this crisis instead of solidarity between citizens we have in fact being promised conditions of war of everyone against everyone as described by the English philosopher Thomas Cox in the 17th century it should be noted that while the EU has taken numerous initiatives in order to create a large financial and economic market the common currency increased commercial competition and privatization of public services it has done precious little in other essential areas such as taxash taxation pensions social rights labor laws education or culture admittedly it does who are the title of European city of culture to two European cities per year and has proclaimed this year European year of cultural heritage it has also attempted to unify European university system through the so-called Boglania process of 1999 by adopting the system preparing in the English speaking world the large part of the disillusion currently failed by citizens of the EU is not due to immigration issue that has been manipulated by the far rights in several countries including France Italy, Germany and several central European countries instead it springs from this market contrast between constraining commercial and financial rules and the complete lack of ambition in the social political and cultural domains in this wider context the problem of archeology is only a symptom of serious and worrying years moreover as regards archeology the European rules are so vague that regression has been possible as we have recently seen in Hungary where a new law greatly limits the time and budget allocated to rescue archeology the real duty and responsibility of the EAA to denounce such regulation it should be added that the situation of rescue archeology in Europe is far from being the worst in international scale the situation in the less developed country is more worrying there are only a few dozen archeologists employed on the entire African continent which is 3 times larger than geographical Europe and 6 times larger than the EU which has between 25,000 and 30,000 archeologists even China which is a highly organized state has only 2,000 professional archeologists for an area similar to that of geographical Europe it is significant that while there are UNESCO convention governing their subject there is nothing dealing with rescue archeology with the exception of the very old recommendation on international principles applicable to archeological excavation issued in New Delhi in 1956 which is as its title indicates is simply non binding recommendation which has a little actual influence under the auspices of UNESCO however a number of decisions have been made which highlights the interest taken by states in archeological heritage in Venice in 1964 the international charter for the conservation restoration etc was signed which is in turn led to the creation of the International Council on monumental sites or ECOMOS Warsaw in 1965 still within the framework of UNESCO 1964 saw the launch of the MAMOS campaign to save the temple in Nubia and Egypt which were flattened by the rising waters of Lake Nasser following the construction of the Aswan Dam a certain number of countries of countries took part in the campaign and it is paradoxical that 50 years later such large scale international rescue operation have never been repeated since the large dams erected on the Euphrates river in the 1990s for instance submerged thousands of archeological sites without any large scale intervention in Syria and in Turkey the ancient Greek city of Virgoma in Turkey underwent only were summary and insufficient rescue excavations which were undertaken in very difficult conditions by international teams the early 70s saw the convention on the means of prohibiting and preventing the illicit import etc which was assigned in Paris in 17 and the convention concerning the protection of the world agricultural and natural heritage has also signed in Paris in 72 the letter gave rise exactly 40 years ago to the world heritage center which has since down up a list of almost 1000 archeological sites throughout the world which are considered to be of global significance to humanity some of the sites such as Angkor in Cambodia have been included in a separate list namely the list of world heritage in danger the prehistoric Lascaux cave in France was recently considered for inclusion on this list in any case inclusion on the list does not mean that a site will receive UNESCO financial aid since the organization itself had relatively limited funds instead the list is intended to encourage each country concerned to better protect the sites included it should also be mentioned that the 1000 sites on the list are all high profile prestigious sites without exaggeration if we extrapolate from the statistics I quoted earlier for France it is likely that up to 1000 archeological sites are destroyed in the world every day due to development work and this destruction occurs without the benefit of rescue excavation this is why archeologists can't remain in this scholarly towers but must also be responsible actors in the protection of archeological heritage not only in their own countries but on an international level also there must also be responsible for ensuring that the past is not manipulated for the benefit of reprehensible ideology I don't wish to end on a pessimistic note in recent years archeological research has continued to contribute significantly to our understanding of Europe's past as we have seen here in the AAA during all this for death even so archeological heritage is by definition non-renewable rescue archeology has allowed us to preserve numerous sites at least through documentation furthermore, the method of techniques used in archeological investigation are constantly evolving for example the application of laser protection allows us to discover sites in mountainous and forested area physical chemical analysis tells us more and more about the composition and circulation of all material strontium analysis allows us to identify migration genetic not only through light of family relationships but also helps us to understand the movements of individuals or entire population even so we must be careful not to commit the same error of 19th century physical anthropologists which equated people with race in what is sometimes known as the Cossinian model genetic results concerning the the bigger culture published this year clearly show that there is no correlation between genetic heritage and material culture and civil session was also discussing these points in the present concerns if we want to go further it is clear that in the face of this issue the European association of archaeologists must play a fundamental and concrete role in the future particularly by clarifying certain points of the Malta convention thank you for attention


Hey everybody, this is Brian and welcome to the 17th C-Sharp tutorial. Today we're going to be discussing error handling because, well, let's face it, bad things happen in programs. So to do this, let's just say int, and we'll say x equal 1, and int y equals 0. And we're going to create what's called a division by zero error, meaning you cannot divide something by zero, so it's going to crash our program. And we're going to say int, we'll say, actually let's say double z equal x divided by y. Now everything looks fine, there's no little red squiggly, no warnings, but when we go to run this, well, bad things happen, attempted to divide by zero. That means your program just crashed and died. And you see in the locals window over here, you have arguments, string zero, x1, y0, z0.0. And then it's telling you the call stack, something bad happened on line 15, et cetera. So all you can really do at this point is just close your program and figure out how to handle this. So now we have to figure out how to avoid this situation. So what you want to do is select your code, and you can right click and surround with, and just choose try, and that'll add the code for you. So it says try, code black, catch, exemption, code black, and you got to do something here. So let's give that exemption a name, we're just going to call it e, we could actually just call this error if you want to, make it a little clearer what it does. And let's just say console, right line, and let's say e, oops, error dot message. So let's discuss this a little bit. Let's figure out what's going on here. What we're saying is try. That is a try block, meaning this code's going to try to execute. If something bad happens while it's executing, it's going to catch that exemption. An exemption is an error. So we're going to say the exemption class, we're giving it a name of error. And then we need to do something when we catch that error. Console dot right line, error dot message, and error has a bunch of properties. As you can see, the exemption class is actually pretty big. You can get the inner exemption, the stack trace, I mean you name it, you can do it. But for this, let's just stick with message. We just want to know what happened. So let's run this again. Whoops, we forgot to console dot read. And of course it says attempted to divide by zero. So as you can see, you can try some code. You can catch the error and let's say 55. Now there was no error, so the program opens and closes instantly because it said try. It ran this code and it succeeded. Meaning the catch block was never called. You can add another block called finally. Whoops. And what finally does is finally always, always, always runs. Meaning doesn't matter if try runs or catch runs, finally we'll always run. So in this case we run it and we get just a, if I can grab it, a black window because we haven't printed anything out. So let's go ahead and go console, right line, and let's just print out the value of z. So what we're going to do here is we're just going to print out the value of z or we're going to print out the error message and we're always going to read. So the value is zero and then we know what these do.  For example, let's just say you want to do a hello world. After hello world, you want to say goodbye. But you intentionally want to raise an error. You want to know that something happened and you want an error condition to exist. What you use what's called the throw keyword.  Well, don't do that, especially in my house. Throw new exemption and we're just going to give it a name here. We're just going to say goodbye cruel world. Now you notice how console down here is suddenly highlighted in green. It says unreachable code detected. That's because when you throw, it's instantly going to go down into this catch condition. So you can actually just get rid of that because you know as soon as it says throw, it's just going to jump down to catch. Now we can leave that in there and run this and see exactly what happens.  Let's fix that misspelling here. So this never runs. It never runs because we threw an exemption and the exemption automatically throws us down to catch. Now if we don't have catch in here, let's actually delete that and let's try running this. You guessed it, crashes our program again. Goodbye cruel world and it generates our error. So that's how error catching and error handling work in dot net. Pretty simple, pretty powerful. You can generate your own error messages. That's typically if you are creating your own class and you want to create an exemption condition, meaning like age would be a good example. Somebody enters 3000 for an age.  So you throw a new exemption and saying your age must be between one and say 99 or whatever. That's all for this tutorial. Hope you found this educational and entertaining and thank you for watching.


Good afternoon, I'm Tolua Jihong, and this is the News Brief. The federal High Court in Abuja has granted bail to Mr. Rocha's or Corrocha. He was granted bail today by Justice E. Young-Echo and the sum of 500 million Naira and a surety in Laksam. Justice E. Young-Echo gave the order while ruling on the bail application filed by Corrocha, who currently represents Emo West's sanitary district in the National Assembly. He ordered that the surety must be a responsible citizen who has landed property in the Laksam of the bail granted to the presidential aspirant.


Everybody forest here ripping 21 22 Donors optic basketball fast break 5 box number 7 random team style I'll leave the results on screen for you. Thanks for joining everybody and good luck. Let's do it Before to go on Chronicles guys again, those teams are on sale. Let's get these breaks filled up again We got a full sellout promo in play. We get everything sold out everything filled up tonight We'll give away a thousand dollars and break credit five winners 200 each Got to sell everything out. All right. Good luck everybody got one auto and some prisms per box here Light it up. Levine. Is that a hollow? I don't think so disco as a steward pistons Wiggins Scotty Barnes base rated rookie for Toronto. Hey, welcome to Hess Stargazing disco Hawks Trey young rated rookie disco Jared Butler, Utah See some big color here Herbert Jones. You got a giddy base for the thunder Hollow Lou Dort thunder blue disco pistons Kelly Olenek 37 of 50 Pretty blue there as they had Jackson Joshua Primo.  There's a girl for the whole break One two three left magic four five six right nuggets on the roll here one two three four five six Again, it's gonna go for the whole break unless we get like a gold or lower all random it instead But here we go guys. It's gonna go to left side for the whole break Hey disco din witty for the wizards We get a big if we get like a mag worthy one all our random it The livers JT Thor pink disco Nick's Kemble Walker eight of 20 Nice jersey number match there for the next eight of 20 on the pink low-numbered as well Kai Jones disco Luca. There you go Mavs. Luca Donchich Got a Moses Moody 75 years disco dominators Kevin Durant Still looking for an auto it's coming up looks like Nope got faked out disco Kyrie Irving Nets should be the last pack then Shreve Cooper. We've got a fast break signatures Nets. It's rookie Cameron Thomas non numbered You go Nets and a purple disco nice Tyrese Oliver and King's color match 69 of 95 Pretty card Kings. That's awesome man three to go now on Chronicles Get everybody one spot purchased Could be one spot in a full sell-out promo random. Have a good one Robinson Earl they run sharp disco rated rookie Josh Christopher Rockets Who to go? How about that? Two to go Wise camp Josh Christopher red Julius Randall Nicks 15 of 85 Nicks with some nice vet color bronze Wagner base rated rookie Orlando Siakam and Leonard and disco Jalen Brunson Dallas. You guys think Brunson's gonna Be as good as what they paid for in New York James book Knight rated rookie Greg Brown the third Jonathan Kaminga base rated rookie Warriors Hollow rated rookie raptor is Scotty barn. It's nice Scotty and a pink the Andre Hunter Hawks 18 of 20 Good pack. I'm not sure if the Nicks did enough to really improve their team honestly disco piston Sadiq Bay They're missing out on Mitchell is kind of surprising. I Thought they were offering more than what the cabs offered But I guess I guess if you thought it didn't like the return, you know, Kate Cunningham rated rookie Pistons God disco raining threes Dirk Novitzky Dallas Dama do sooner rated rookie for Chicago a Disco drew a holiday for the bucks Scotty barns base 75 years Dwayne Wade Purple disco Nicks Julius Randall numbered 50 of 95 Aaron Wiggins lighted up Jason Tatum and a rated rookie disco Joe Weiss camp for the Spurs Last pack of box two has a giddy base A net's another hit here pink disco rookie Otto Kessler Edwards 4 of 20 Bit off center left to right, but nice hit for the net. That's two autos and two boxes for you and Warriors Red Disco dream on green 5 of 85 You have guys two and four to go on chronicles Then after that you've got elements and gold standard mixer. You've got gold standard six box breaks immaculate collegiate case Immaculate collegiate and in 2021 immaculate mixer and a dual case of gold standard and immaculate collegiate Lot of cool football breaks tonight Bowen's Highlander rated rookie disco Vucevich for the Bulls And again purcells are probably just about full as well off the check goes after this break mobility rated rookie cabs Butler lighted up Lillard Jason Preston pink disco Clippers 12 of 20 rated rookie low numbered there Clippers Jason Preston Davion Mitchell rated rookie the rookies Evan Mobley and disco Danny of the Wizards Would I still see gold? I think I think we got gold. Oh Yeah, yeah, we do they're on sharp hollow CJ McCollum Blazers and Gold Nick's Derek Rose Gold disco three of ten nice hit Nick's Beautiful car. I love some gold Congrats on that one Nick's we will get that mag for you Those soon were rated rookie for Chicago Quentin Grimes fast-break thunder rookie auto Jeremiah Robinson Earl And a red is Danny F. Dia for the Wizards now 78 of 85 bronze Wagner for the magic raining threes Donovan Mitchell jazz disco Jazz disco. It's my favorite genre of music comminga rated rookie Pacers disco Carissa Leverts James book nice 75 years shy Gildes Alexander purple Nets James Harden 20 of 95 Or excuse me at 95 said it right. I said it right Never in doubt Cade base for the Pistons Ricky Rubio Cavs disco. I was thinking of Rufio from hook And a random rookie disco is bones Highland for the Nuggets nice one Nuggets Dude, I ate so many. I made so much junk food Chips and cookies Kiss bird. You got disco Malik Beasley Timberwolves Red disco Mavericks Reggie Bullock 14 of 85 Zaire Williams got disco rated rookie Jeremiah Robinson Earl. Okay, see Luca Garza Jalen Green rated rookie for Houston there Hello, RJ Barrett nicks and a disco stargazing la la mello ball. Let's say Lonzo for a second la mello ball Hornets Alperin Shengun disco Deandre Hunter Atlanta Jalen Suggs rated rookie Orlando T Wolves blue Malik Beasley 5 of 50 Moses Moody Disco Sons McCall Bridges Bones Highland 75 years LeBron James and a purple son T. Aldama Grizzlies 83 of 95 Rated rookie Cabs Evan Mobley rated rookie And Eric Gordon for the Rockets And remember everybody we got full sellout promo going if we sell every single break out tonight Anyone who purchased a spot will be entered Into a giveaway at the end of the night five people will win two hundred dollars in break credit You know Mitchell rated rookie Oscar Robertson Gold fast break out of one of ten Cincinnati Royals is Sacramento Kings Nice hit Kings on the big. Oh Congrats on that you can make this one big The big oh congrats Kings That's an awesome bet hit Disco Luca and Trey but the Kings Congratulations Mike T with the Kings the big oh big hit Bones Highland rated rookie Disco Killian Hayes Pistons Evan Mobley rated rookie Disco Trey young stargazing for Atlanta Davion Mitchell lighted up LeBron rookie rated rated rookie disco JT Thor for the Hornets Yeah, he was definitely the original triple double hollow sixers Andre Drummond a red rated rookie pistons Isaiah livers 8 of 85 Disco Clint Capella Atlanta Franz Wagner rated rookie Pink disco Grizzlies Brandon Clark 11 of 20. There you go Grizzlies Kaminga rated rookie a disco John Morant Grizzlies 75 years Cade with a ding in it I'm gonna grab a box and wrapper for the piston spot Just an answer not a huge card, but unfortunate ding on that one for your pistons Got dominators disco Kevin Durant for the Nets a couple more packs here Kade Cunningham rated rookie Disco spurs Derek White Rated rookie disco auto Usman Garuba for the Rockets Soon-moo Quentin Grimes me once that guys do recap We had a hollow Scotty Barnes is nice. Hello there for the Raptors We had autos Rockets Usman Garuba Thunder Jeremiah Robinson Earl Nets Cameron Thomas Pink Kessler Edwards for the Nets 4 of 20 We had a gold for the Knicks Derek Rose 3 of 10 Gold fast-break auto for the Kings Oscar Robertson 1 of 10 that's gonna do it. Thanks again everybody. We've got another


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing 2020-2021 Panini Obsidian Soccer 2 Box Break Random Club Edition number 6 where every spot gets you 2 random clubs on release day. This is our last one we sold out already. So hopefully we can restock pretty soon. Everyone gets 2 clubs from the list below, 22 spots total. Each box should have 4 autos or mem cards, one base, one base parallel and an insert or insert parallel. So the teams from AFC Ajax all the way down to Wolverhampton Wanderers. So 44 different clubs in there. I don't think there was any combo spots. Oh yes there it is. Newcastle West Ham was combo'd. But here is our list of customers from Robert Runkel with Last Spot Mojo times 5 back up to Michael Piccora and the first with the first spots purchased. So since every spot gets you 2 clubs I gotta copy this list and double it up. So Robert Runkel, Last Spot Mojo back up to Robert Runkel, Last Spot Mojo and the clubs from Wolverhampton Wanderers back up to AFC Ajax. Ice Roll to randomize both lists and pair them up one at a one, two times Snake Eyes. So 1 and 2. So Robert Runkel down to Robert Runkel and two times on the clubs 1 and 2. West Brom down to FC Barcelona. So two times on the teams, two times on the customers, two times on the dice. So Robert with West Brom and FC Internacional Milano, Brian Heyman with FC Schalke, Robert with Tottenham Hotspur, Sheffield United, Real Madrid, SS Lazio, Manchester City, Portugal and Belgium, Bernard Samuel with AFC Ajax, Robert with Olympiacos, Jonathan Griffin with Paris Saint-Germain, Robert with FC Porto Everton, Italy Crystal Palace, Chile and Leicester City, Ryan Shackleton with Argentina, Robert Runkel with Burnley, Bernard Samuel with Czech Republic, Robert Runkel with Juventus, Michael Piccora with Spain, Robert with Newcastle in West Ham and Manchester United, Aaron Garrivy with Borussia Dortmund, Michael Piccora with Brazil and Olympique de Marcel, Brian Heyman with Galatasaray, Aaron Garrivy with Arsenal, Brian Heyman with Valencia, Jarell Taylor with Southampton, Robert Runkel with Liverpool, Ryan Shackleton with Germany, Robert with Bayern Munich and Athletico Madrid, Jarell Taylor with United States, Michael Piccora, SL Benfica, Jonathan Griffin, Columbia, Brian Heyman, Chelsea FC and Robert with Club America, Wolverampton and FC Barcelona. So trade window is open. Nice. Nice. We can get that done tonight. So there is the list. Trade window is open. Okay. I'm going to give it another like 10 seconds for trades if anybody wants to do any. If not, we're going to print, rip. And like Aaron said, guys, there's only eight spots left in that filler for Opulence basketball. Portugal and Robert has Portugal and Juventus up for Chelsea or Argentina or Arsenal. So if Brian's here for Chelsea, Argentina, Ryan Shackleton and Arsenal are in Garrivy, if you guys are here, either Portugal or Juventus up, Robert, I'll give it another 20 seconds. If nobody's here, then we'll pop it open and go, but you'll get, try to trade, couldn't trade Mojo for a bunch of teams. Down to seven spots left guys in that filler. Going once, going twice, going three times, so let's print and rip. So here's the last two boxes until we can get a new shipment in. That's you know, that's the way it's got to go. You know, Robert, we were discussing it the other day because it's so many letters. I like T2T CTM or CT and Mojo. T2T CT, because that way it doesn't put like TTT, because then it just sounds like top triple threads now. If not, it's just like a wall of T's, you know what I mean? You got to throw in the number in there just to freshen it up a little bit. I make sure there's no text about the brakes. So we're starting off with Declan Rice for West Ham. He's a good name. They're printing off twice. Oh, it's too less. Well, that's too many. Let me print a new one. Fit to page. Boom. West Ham is West Ham is the combo spot, Robert Runkle. That is 17 out of 30. There's the finalist. No, it's on one sheet. There's the West Ham combo spot with Newcastle United for Robert Runkle. Richard Sanchez for Club America. That is 47 out of 195. Rookie. Club America is Robert Runkle as well. You've got Ryan Bobble for Galat Asari. Can't pronounce that. That is Brian Heyman. That is 23 out of 25. We've got a relic. Eric Lamella for Argentina and Ryan Shackleton. That is 30 out of 149. We got Bastion Schweinsteiger. Cutting edge dual relic for Germany. Ryan Shackleton, that is 29 out of 35. We've got Malcolm for FC Barcelona. Nice two color jersey and auto. FC Barcelona is Robert Runkle with the last spot mojo. Let me see what that was. Numbered out of 50 out of 50 for you. And lightning strike for Manchester United. Danny van de Beek. Manchester United is Robert Runkle. That is 68 out of 149. Box number two. Hopefully we can get more of this soon. Alon Saint-Maximin for Newcastle United. Robert Runkle, the combo spot. That is 86 out of 99. Ooh, there's our guy. Killian Mbappe. Paris Saint-Germain, Jonathan Griffin. 25 out of 75. Here he's pretty good. Still alive in Champions League. We've got a Contra. And it's Quincy Promes for AFC Ajax and Bernard Samuel. 7 out of 9 on the Contra. That's a beautiful card. Ignacio Abate, Galaxy Gear for Italy. That is 37 out of 50. Italy is Robert Runkle. Andrea Pirlo, Dual Relic for Italy as well, and Robert Runkle. 40 out of 50. Paco Alcacer for Borussia Dortmund. That's a good one. That's a good one. 40 out of 50. Paco Alcacer for Borussia Dortmund. That is Aaron Garibi. 66 out of 75. Graysgård Christiawak Paris Saint-Germain again. Jonathan Griffin, Jersey and Otto. 44 out of 149. Nice PSG box there. And there you go guys. That was the two boxes. That was 2020-2021 Panini Obsidian Soccer two box break. Number six, two random clubs each from jaspyscasebreaks.com. I'm Sean, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Thanks for hanging out. We'll see you next time.


Should have faked starter but booth. I think we'll play better a little more relaxed and rust is off a little bit Bridges deep Even ginger in and out to the bucket keeps it alive wrap it around the less be deep But it just collapsed the D so well all the heads turn Angel on the floor gotta get him touches gotta mismatch on the other side Finally what Triton makes takes Bucket and lays it in about that step through huh? Too dangerous to give second possession still such a quick jumper down there once in the spellman sets his feet Good challenge on the big guys Here's Kale with a euro to the hole off the window and in for a nice challenge, huh? They're gonna score early if they got it The screen Down the lane double pop on the glass and in or that's enhanced these party mixing it up You mentioned nice and not as good from deep He's hot now that kid has some range of confidence with the step Looks in the corner extra pass We've agenda saved it from going on about the tail.  You said it coach end of the game Spellman big shot and a rebound to Carrington Carrington to the hole Points to charge more importantly with that sidestepped baseline power And he again He couldn't make it down to the other end of the floor I think it's either Brunson or Bridges at some point Brunson backs it up This kid he was out of his game out of short most of the night Jalen Brunson with the last six for Villanova Nice deflection the length and Bridges with the steel to the hole That's what they love about him 52 49 and a timeout called by Seton Hall. You can't make a mistake against Villanova So many playmakers Carrington 14 drive to the left hand It's a second Brunson 11 seconds timeout and he calls a timeout with 9.1 to go pretty good defense to by my shades of all there They are in his own. Here's Brunson five to go Crosses over Over time what a job The zone took away the dribble drive opportunities to collapse your defense force a real deep jack a minute in the overtime Brunson up top They are not afraid to drill shots Switch And the shoe Brunson Get the Janet around and then luxury on the deck He's free In the corner How drives hang double clutch With 14.4 to go all because you couldn't get the ball in balance Right here's his dribble drive You got a piece of the shoulder, but the slide by I'm sure the officials Letting that particular play go They may just move boy. That was a pretty good defensive stance. I thought Here's Carrington four seconds Carrington crosses over for three Before the foul they got it and a good call and a good play and the smart play by Bridges And he missed it on purpose. No, it goes in he tried to miss it 69 68 the final coach Willard Goats right shake heads. I'm gonna send you're gonna work on some inbound plays tomorrow But tell me about Jalen Brunson and where he was maybe for the first three quarters of the game And then what happened at the end of regulation and overtime That was an old-fashioned biggie's rock fight man That was just everybody and everybody's face and nobody can make a shot and I'm proud of the guys Resilience man because we had great shots and just couldn't make them We just kept battling and especially Jalen. He had good shots He missed but down the stretch here the guts that still take them The only guy that can make a shot tonight was Mikhail Bridges, but You guys haven't lost back-to-back games in five years coach and Jalen Brunson made sure of that tonight Mikhail hit some big shots as well. How is it possible that you guys always bounce back? I don't know. You know what good players. It all it always takes good players, right? But they have they have great attitudes man. They're really confident kids They're intelligent, you know, they don't get down after a loss They come back and try to improve and they know even after this win. We got we got a lot of work to do as bad as it was Offensively, let's give your defense some credit, right? Everybody you guys took Angel Delgado completely out of this game You guys made Kadeen Carrington work for everything. He did. How did you? Were you pleased with your defensive ever? I was and we have not been playing good defense Omari Spellman was awesome on Delgado, and I hope that's the last time we see Delgado It seems like he's been there for eight years, but he's so tough inside and for a freshman like Omari to play him like that That was big time. We had some good help from the perimeter on him I was proud of our defense. You said you had things to work on What are they as you head into your conclusion Georgetown Saturday? Still defense office our execution end of game situations We've had a lot of games where you're big leads and we weren't in these situations and we didn't do We didn't execute well at Creighton at the end of the game. We didn't execute well here So it's we still got a lot of young guys out there and these these games are great experience for them real quick What's the what's the message in the locker room to them a great attitude? We're an attitude program just everything went wrong You know not making shots struggling all night and just sticking to it and grinding it out That's a we like winning games like that better than making all our shots. Go try we appreciate the time We'll see you next week, and we'll see you next week at Madison Square Garden Jay Wright and Villanova survived