Back to German So in the study in the studio here are Marco there which was written on the widget and They are taking you with them through the galaxy And thanks to modern technology, we are going to the observatory in Lübeck and looking through the telescope Well, we had to try around a bit. The weather is actually not that good but Marco and Knud were I'm sorry, there was a Reggie as something and They they recorded something due to the weather But it was not other part of it. So I would want to borrow you anymore. So let's go to check the sky to the galaxy Thank you, Andre We're taking over from Lübeck. Let's do a short introduction of video astronomy We are showing a few slates and afterwards We're looking at what actually comes from the telescope and what you can do with video astronomy and It's led doesn't seem to work Sorry, now we are having a technical problem here It's going on How you get the images for video astronomy actually on your screen and can look at them and the idea is a little bit older Quite old to be precise If the idea is from the year 1928 Here's an old article from Donald Mansell U.S. American who had the idea and You can see three domes of observatories with telescopes and he wanted to look at Mars and The information he collected from the telescopes He wanted to get it with Telephone lines and to get it across longer distances to make it visible. How did he want to do it? Here you see the lower part of the article We have the light beam from the telescope which comes in to the device onto a detector You didn't have any ships like that at that time. So it's in a vacuum and it's getting amplified and sent out To live transmission and he wanted some red glass red yellows glass a blue glass He wanted to make it visible to filter the light and then use a projector to project the image live So that people could see what these telescopes at in the time in Alaska Would actually be able to see that was Actually with a speaker. So that was the idea in 1928. They didn't have the technology. So in 1961 There was GMI it's was one of the big Entrepreneurs in that area You can see him in this garden in Sydney There's the telescope and the back with a camera And you see an old TV where he can see the image So how does it work like? Like In the past for the video astronomy you have a telescope and in the and you have a Camera and then you have a TV Where it's transmitted to and there you can watch it live and today you do it a little bit differently You again have the telescope and then it goes directly to the computer So you don't need any analog technologies for this So it's digitally Amplified with the EA principle So there here's an overview video astronomy is classically without Computer and EA is electronic highly assisted astronomy when you do the same but with more modern technology with cameras with computers and Yeah, so more details We can compare it so we have lower resolution that will change over the time with usb 3.0 so we can Have a faster transmission rate for the images we have Oh We we can a correct seeing like from the atmosphere and That helps for certain objects and you can share it easily like we are doing it currently And here's an example from the ISS. I Have to because power point doesn't want to do it. I Have to close my presentation And I will show you the video It's In the cell format, which is not Comprompted And you can see how the ISS moves over the Sky and how it's different the formed and you make like 10,000 20,000 images and depending on your camera and then you choose the best and that's the Principle what we are What we are using and You use the most beautiful images You can see it here with a small planet camera and then you can Show the ISS with its sunsets and the inner constructions with the different modules and There's a lot of change in the angle when it's flying past and That's made here from Libek and it has it's northern Not the most point above Cologne. So you can see it See quite far with this technique and the next problem is seeing That's something that's something that's noises a lot in the astronomy stars dance around a little bit We are looking through different Layers of the atmosphere the flatter we look to the Atmosphere the more air we have to watch through so it depends also on the weather The best if it's you are high up on the mountains or in a desert and the best is Both together Not much water in the air. So you have a very clear sky and that's the principle here lucky imaging You film something and then you take the best Images and on the left you have just a single image with a with a lower quality and And on the right you see a image which was It's bad much better and you're not only doing it with one but with multiple and Then you stack it and build an average and on the right. There's the average of 50,000 images, which is about 21 minutes taking the light watching and that's one object on the sky and If you're not If you put the average of each image on top of each other So you have get more information. So you see the two dots here with the software and maybe And if you're not looking at all of them, but the best and then you're if you're looking here wow two Points and the left one is kind of double and if you take the best 10 then Then are under right. There's the 1% best images and then you can see that because you have so many images then you can really see the object and that's The great thing we have here that what we use for planets or with the moon. We see a lot of seeing but we're Here is an example, which is really nice or the Sun Sun protuberances and you can see it great as a video and And you cut it and you can also see in front of the Sun the ISS It takes about a second until it flies past the Sun and Time synchronization is really interesting there and it has to be on the point and it was The image was the video was taken with a Canon Camera and if you take a Video camera you have much more frames and then you don't have to do have to do so much synchronization but if you Just take an image you have to much more thing to do something else and here you're seeing But the cancer nebula and it's a flame nebula and Yeah, we showed also later And the M21 nebula and that's are the images you can be expecting with your web camera Here We are going to Something recorded also with video astronomy compared to normal astronomy here. It's with a Canon camera the some of the first images of Hubble with a Simple telescope from the earth Also with a normal camera and that's with a ccd camera monochrome with much more details What you couldn't see before and I will show you both today with a colorful image and also objects with a monochrome camera where You Filters with very small bandwidth a narrow band filter you see hydrogen the Frequency of hydrogen which is a very nice way of portraying these interstellar nebulas Here are some deep-sky Photos this is how you would see M51 if you look through a large telescope You can only guess the colors. This is Made from a large number of individual images 2000 so you can If you you don't have to follow the earth's movement if you take these images quickly But that is no comparison to what we can do with deep-sky astrophotography these days with higher resolution cameras so this is a small intro into the topic and I will now pass on the microphone to Marco and We'll continue Hello to all night owls from me as well and what we were thinking tonight is that we would first Use a grab-and-go telescope Show what we can do with it as you've already heard it's rainy weather and thick cloud cover tonight We can't really go outside And We had to take some improvised photos over Christmas. We didn't want to give up though and show you was something Okay, just briefly We will talk about a so-called TV scope It's not advertising. It's just our tool of choice. There are other great things Much cheaper simpler video astronomy actually Depends or lives by people building things by themselves using perhaps webcams Simple mounts, but this is what we have Something that Knut bought privately and it works well After this first demo of that scope there will be a video About what we can what you can do with the monochrome camera and larger telescopes, right? so I'm now going to Introduce that if you scope to you with an image that we took quickly This is the e-viscope and you can see it's a classic telescope with the mirror and But that it has a camera on top You have two motors and we have this cover Which is a mask as well, it's multifunctional And it's all controlled by an app Which builds a Wi-Fi connection and makes it possible to connect with it directly from the tablet and I can then control it And focus the objects I want to see That's it Yeah, right that gets us to the first image that we took Very simple as you see everyone can control it. You don't really need to have any expertise Different to a parallactic mount you don't have to align it. This is what you see here It shows you that a field was recognized and That was actually taken as we controlled it live and it recognizes from the star configuration in the image it recognizes where it is and From that it can be repositioned and Get mirror sharp razor sharp images. I've Chosen this background here, which is a very bright star Which will come into the picture pretty soon Currently the position of the telescope is repositioning. It was In the very top position as you saw in the video it will now stop soon again check With the con star constellations it sees where it is and then reposition now. It's going to take a bit longer because probably There are many images as many stars in the image so some computation is necessary now Some more of it And then we will very quickly move on to Beetlejuice Which is happening now And here it is a very bright star And we see that in principle the telescope is quite well focused, but still we will Verify that by just wobbling it a little And I'll also use these this mask that I've shown you and create an interference pattern Which is this And then the issue is that all rays should meet in the middle and there should be as High as symmetry as possible And now I'll change the focus and that where you see immediately That I De-focused it now I turned the wrong way. So I have to reverse that and this looks almost good That was turned a bit too far again And we now hope that we will approach the sharpest point that looks very good Now for the purposes Of what we are planning to do this kind of focusing is definitely enough It will give us sharp images. So I'll take the mask off not from my face, but from the telescopes as the interpreter and Then actually Reposition to the first object that we are planning to visit And that's quite simple through this button here. You see the app It's all very simple. I just enter the name of the objects. I want to focus which in this case is the M82 galaxy the so-called cigar galaxy This is a galaxy that we see from the side And that's why it's looking so flat and you as you might guess It could be similar in shape to a cigar The telescope searching again for a star pattern And repositions This galaxy is about 12 million light years away from us and has a diameter of about 40,000 light years Which makes it much smaller than our home galaxy the murky way And the nice thing about this galaxy is That about 500 million years ago It collided with a larger galaxy in 81 And that way the whole matter that was in it the gas matter was kind of Thrown about Distorted and there was an extreme star-forming event. So this galaxy produces stars like in a conveyor belt So we can see it slightly overexposed Because the the gain the amplification is very high and we have this button here Where I can adjust the gain you shouldn't really because the automatic Settings work very well And I'm now being told that the live view and and the Following of the sky movement has been switched on And images were taken and there's some computation and a lot of information has been gathered by now And as we can see there's a lot of color and a lot of light. So the center is very bright But it's divided by a dust layer Where there is no visible light and You can see that this fairly noisy background is slightly Quietening now and there is more detail coming they tell coming interview and if we wait long enough and expose we Get a fairly usable image But you have to say it's not about taking the most beautiful astrophotos The issue is to just quickly see something So I've taken a five-minute exposure here and you can see very clearly that the hydrogen Emissions here are visible and there is this dark Dust cloud and there are two jets emanating These two directions. Yeah, that's only very slightly alluded to but if you imagine it you can see it so Is ejected or These in these two directions, so this is where the star formation is happening and just to inform you This is smaller than our Milky Way our home galaxy, but in it There are already 50 billion stars that have formed the second galaxy. I selected is M102 It's very far away It's very far away about 50 million light years, so the light from that galaxy Well, that reaches us today was produced when the dinosaurs that just about Been extinct It has a diameter of about 60,000 light years and I wanted to show it to you Because it's very far away Just to show you what the opportunities are that we have With this equipment Here it is coming in I've activated the light the live tracking of the sky's movements So it's gathered it already. It's very far away as I said, so it's not very large and it's just this kind of A little speck of light here It's normally very hard to see in a regular telescope You can only see the bright center without these details around it And I took this image to show you how it behaves in the first minute. You can see the image improving improving of a time The noise is reduced Details are produced a bright center again because in the center of this galaxy because The gas is compressed very much in the center and After about 16 minutes of exposure, this is what you get You see the halo around the galaxy, which is much far further away from the center than we've seen earlier A very nice galaxy that's not so far away Is the Triangulum galaxy Which is in the Constellation of the triangle and is the third largest galaxy in our local group. It's also a very beautiful galaxy because We can look at it from the top So we can see a lot of detail Again, it is A spiral Galaxy With a diameter of about 60,000 light years and Currently it is about three million light years away from us Again, there are about 50 billion stars in it, which is slightly less than in our Milky Way And as you can hear telescopes moving It has to readjust its position quite widely And it's spread out over a larger area It's not easy to see so again, let's activate live tracking and Put these images over each other collect a few more photons and then See how it actually looks like and as we see it's very noisy But you can immediately see that one spiral arm the bright center the other spiral arm on the other side and That's after only eight seconds after 12 seconds noise is reduced detail is enhanced And again already there is a new spiral arm that you can now see that is emerging I And overall I Exposed this galaxy over 21 minutes and everything we see here is part of this galaxy So this is Part of the sky that is much larger than our full moon. You can't see this in a normal telescope Or an amateur telescope Then We Actually have one of the prime objects Of the northern winter sky And that is the large Orion nebula One of the most beautiful objects, but one of the hardest to photograph It's quite close to us at 1350 light years Astronomically speaking that is our neighborhood And the whole nebula this the Which is part of the large Orion molecular cloud is The diameter of I didn't get the number. It's one of the most active star-forming regions in our galaxy And there are about 700 stars forming in there right now It's mainly composed of hydrogen And at some point it will Develop into an open cluster when all the hydrogen has been consumed for star formation We could see it coming into the image fairly soon is fairly large much larger than the full moon again And actually too large for a telescope like this Because we can't really image it in full But it's one of the most beautiful objects as I said so we can't really do without it So I've kind of I skipped forward a bit we can see the core already Here's the center After eight seconds you can see the whole extent of This object it has a very nice sharp line between Hydrogen and oxygen I think this will be on top Then dark clouds that is actually dust the dust that will be From which solid bodies will form and then there is this shape here called the running man And you can see the body here one leg and another and two arms And the head and this is a running man And as we've said this will burn out pretty quickly and You can only really image this with very sophisticated technology with individual imaging Long exposure for the outside to see these structures Formed by hydrogen you wouldn't see that otherwise So even for a telescope this is a 13 minute exposure now It is a real feast for the eye in a regular telescope You see these dark structures here is fantastic object to see in the northern sky And you can see it with the naked eye of course not as large not as colorful But binoculars a pair of binoculars will do to find the constellation of Orion And really easy to find and fantastic to see I just think it's great I wait for this to appear every winter I really love seeing it and around midnight it's in the zenith near the zenith The meridian I think Okay now on to a very interesting object The so called little dumbbell It's a planetary nebula And there are some fantastic astronomical objects inside it Planets are a nebula normally quite small about one light year in diameter But they have something very special We can see the future of our own sun on this nebula Those astronomers hadn't have to do that much with astronomers But those astronomers thought that were planets But they aren't actually that's the rest of a diet yellow draft like our own sun And when over the time of the life of one of this When the existence of one of the stars goes to its end Then they start and start of hydrogen fusion Helium fusion happens and then there is a lot of energy Then the stars is blown up their pressure gets much higher than the gravity Then they are going to cool down It falls together again and there's a pulsating movement And then there's fusion for higher and higher atoms Until the hull of the star is blown away And that was something we were really seeing soon Yeah there it is Activate automatic life tracking We will be seeing a bit more and there we will be seeing the hull of a white rough Which we can see on really great images But this week the weather wasn't good enough And from the outside to the inside the different elements Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen And this planetary nebulas And here you see the hydrogen and there are the heavier elements behind it And everything that's heavier than Helium astrophysicists talk about metals And that's the rest And that's the rest of a yellow graph star at the end And it does something really really nice And because you just freeze these elements which didn't exist before So something new can happen And because our universe is a world champion in recycling If I may just insert, our sun is a third generation star Here where our sun is today It is actually made from the material of two stars before So the sun which gives us life Really was recycled two times and it will do it again And the burns as pretty And we will come now to a really great object Lots of people underestimated because it's small But it's actually really interesting Because it's actually kind of a curiosity We are looking at the nebula NGC2261 So it's a cryptic name It's It's also known as Hubble's Variable Nebula It's not a really big object Like not big cosmically So it has a diameter of about a light here And it's about 200,000 light years away from us It's in the constellation Unicorn And it's a nebula from dust and gases And the most interesting thing is that it changes a lot Over a time span of weeks or days it changes It forms and if you're looking at it continuously You can actually see it and it's actually a really rare thing That things change over that small of a time scale And it's really a minimal time When there is change And the reason is not actually known There are two theories And they don't really know which one of them is true And both of them are probable And we probably won't have the possibility To fly over there and look at it And I'm just waiting until it will be seen here That it's coming The stacking is active And we hope for an image soon There it is Here the star in the front Is actually just in front of it But it doesn't belong to it And this nebula there Has quite a lot of structure And if you look over this Over the time of weeks or months You see a lot of changes One possibility is The star has Changes in the light Which changes unregulately Or you have Dust Which comes before the star Makes a shadow And I let it run for six minutes And you can see here the shadows And there is a lot of light And many structures And for a telescope of that size It's a really great image And I said I'm really fascinated By this object And the next object I want to show you Is also a highlight Is in our light polluted world It's only Visible with really good telescopes Because it doesn't Radiate a lot of light It's the M1 Crab Nebula It's a supernova Rest And this supernova Had been seen By humans in the year 1054 And There Is documentation from Asia From the Arabic area Even From the deep medieval Europe And even Paintings From Native Americans Which might have been You can't really date it And it had a magnitude of minus 6 When it was exploded So it was Brighter than the Venus But less bright than the moon And it was described sometimes As a second sun Because it was also visible At daytime The supernova Is about 6000 light years Had been happened about 6000 light years away And is now 6 times 4 light years Has a time of that Which is quite big And the interesting thing It is still becoming bigger By 1500 kilometers per second And what's in the center Which is there If it's a black hole Or a pulsar Everyone does not actually know That's still a question for research Moment I made a mistake I have to correct There's a pulsar in there So He turns 33 times around himself And radiates a lot I have to excuse myself The pulsar Here Is the image between Around half an hour And it's really nice And The gas around the Pulsars ionized by the radiation And therefore It also Shines And supernova Is the second And more interesting Source for heavier elements And there are processes In fractions of seconds Which are quite difficult to explain For me And you need to invest quite a lot Of studies in physics To describe it properly And heavier elements More heavy than iron Are produced here In fractions of seconds And they are blown into space And then They are the basis For other star systems It's a really pretty object You can really clearly See the nebula And the hydrogen parts Really beautiful Also a not-color Really nice And you can't see it easily Due to the light pollution And only And if our modern society Wants to do astronomy We have to move to more Electrical supported So now let's go to the M31 The Adromeda Galaxy Our neighbor galaxy It's actually Much too big for our telescope But we can't ignore it Because it's our direct neighbor It has the size Of seven full moon diameters It's Two and a half Million light years away from us And has a diameter Of about 2,000 light years And it's a little bit bigger Than our Milky Way But it's comparable And something interesting In that galaxy We find At that halo We find Three stars, three clusters And there are about 500 of them there So all those people Who are a bit anxious have to So the Wanting for those a bit anxious The Adromeda Galaxy Is on direct collision course With us in about 400 million years Will collide with us So as you can see It's quite big We enable the stacking So we can actually see it properly So through Collision it might be A bad word It might be just There's a lot of space Even if we have really dense Galaxy so they are not actually For the collisions In the M 82 something similar will be happened To the To our Milky Way So they will become one galaxy And There will be a lot Of star development Like a starburst And as you can see It doesn't even fit here And you can see the dust Edges here You can see it's not enough That's the very bright center It's a really pretty object But it's not But people don't really look at it But if you look at it With the proper focal lengths It's really nice So The next object Is the small star cluster Circle cluster The old cluster And the Constellation Casio Paya It has the number NGC7 This interpreter forgot It's about 9000 light years And it has A diameter of about 30 light years And it consists of about 80 stars And they are all about 20 million years old So it's quite The stars are really young They are blue stars So young in the cosmic standards So the special thing here Where I want to show it Is this form Is it's form So it's coming here And it's called all cluster And if you have a little bit of fantasy And use your fantasy a bit And let's wait for the symbol To vanish from the middle Then we see here Two eyes One wing Another wing The body And The end of the road And you need some astronomers Have a lot of fantasy So It's an open star cluster So they're gravitivity bound together And these two stars Are probably not part Of the star cluster And they are probably just In front of it But If you have enough exposure It's a really pretty image And star clusters Are also on smile clusters Really nice and pretty And really beautiful objects And also a very nice cluster We shouldn't miss that one It's one really to show In particular in the northern sky The H and Chai Percy It's actually a double star cluster They are about 7000 light years away from us The first one is a bit closer The other bit further But we'll scobble about a few hundred light years There are about 200 star stars In one and 15 in the other And they're about 15 million years old Which makes them Younger than the Star cluster mentioned earlier Again The telescope centers automatically In the middle In the center And Is now going to start The stacking The image improves over time Layer by layer New data is added And bad data is thrown out The software does that automatically And we get a very nice picture That way That is H per se And that's its neighbor Chai And With Sufficiently low aperture No Focal length Get both of them into the same image as well Now let's look into another galaxy A very nice one M63 The so-called sunflower galaxy This galaxy again is Gradually far away So It's 37 million light years away from us And has a diameter of 98000 light years In it There are 400 billion stars No one's counted exactly But Through an estimation of the mass That is what you get It's a spiral galaxy again And it's called And it's Very Weak In terms of light In terms of brightness And the reason why it's called Sunflower galaxy Is something we'll see In a moment Here around the center There is a very Brightly yellow disc That is going to form And that led to its characteristic name Again you see the first noisy images The telescope Corrects And the Submit between Of that brightness Becomes visible And that Already after 16 seconds You shouldn't forget that This is an enormous achievement For a mobile device That you can Put into a rucksack And put on your back And Put up wherever you want to go There's more detail coming And The Overall extent of the galaxy Can be seen Here it is And you can see here Just very Softly you can see some spiral arms With The structures And some dark clouds In between It's a very Very It's slightly tilted You can see the structures Always worthwhile object Another Very nice Object Which is very hard to see Under an urban sky It's the pinwheel galaxy It's About 27 million years away from us And has a diameter Of About 170,000 light years M101 Which makes it much larger Than our home galaxy And It contains about 1 trillion stars So That's a one with 12 Zeroes Behind it 10 to the 12th I don't know if It's possible to Actually understand this It has Spiral arms And That makes it One of the most Impressive galaxies That you can Photograph Or view from the top To the naked eye With a normal telescope These spiral arms Are actually invisible And again we see There is not much Image Of an image forming But as soon as Some images are collected You can see The extent of this galaxy You have the center here The first spiral arms Can just Be made out The third and fourth And the more photons We collect The more images we stack The clearer The image gets And the more beautiful The galaxy is Sadly It's very far in the north Where There is still a lot of light Remaining after sunset One of It's very hard To Image that way And not easy to see With the naked eye Not visible With the naked eye But with the amateur telescope Not easy to see Very hard You can see One, two, three, four And a fifth arm Down there Again And actually Waited 14 minutes For this It wasn't possible to Do it longer Under the conditions we had But you can see the result Very nice You can even Make out the Blueish color I really think It's very beautiful And the next object I've Mentioned it already It's a Globular cluster And Well, what can I say? They To an extent Mysterious I don't really want to say that It's not a scientific word to use But they have a certain Aura About them And People assume That Globular clusters You can see These are bright Objects Very compact Compressed into Very small amount of space You have Many stars In that space This is M3 A very old cluster About 8 Billion years old And its diameter Is about 180 light years In these 180 light years Sphere There are more than 500,000 stars Which Under Current Theories All Have been formed Relatively In the same Gas cloud More or less At the same time As I said It's quite old At 8 billion years Very nice to see Very compact And very bright objects That can be seen With a telescope But only with a larger telescope You can Resolve it into these Individual stars You see this very bright Core in the middle The Larger The telescope The more individual stars We can see And as you can see The weather wasn't that good And the first clouds Were coming in And I didn't Take a lot of time For the exposure Just over a minute Here These stars At 8 billion years Are very old As I said And Have a very Low Metallicity The metals As I said earlier In astronomy metals Is everything Heavier Than Hydrogen And it's just Hydrogen and helium here And just those Low percentages of other elements They are gravitationally bound All these stars And they were formed As I said It's not quite clear Why they form How they form And why they stick together In this way But they are gravitationally bound As I said It's not quite clear How And In the halo Of our Milky Way There are about 150 globular clusters M3 is one of the larger ones And one of the most compact That we can see In the sky In the northern sky And Well, that brings us to The last of my objects And I would say This object is a bit of a highlight And it's a Well-known one Many images exist It's nicely irregular Again, you see nothing And I have to add The clouds are really coming in This was the last image I took And sadly, you don't see much Only the two cores And you see these two clouds I can take a shortcut And tell you that not much more Is going to come out And I then Used a photo I took earlier It's a very beautiful spiral galaxy 37 million light years away 80,000 light years in diameter And about 1 billion stars These two galaxies At some point will merge into one But that will take a bit more time We won't be able to observe that And that gets me to the end Of my journey in color And I will now hand over to Knut I will take you through a few Monochrome insights Yeah Just a question to the control room We've had many questions Apparently we could do these now Or just move on to the second technology Which will be a bit more technical Because this is not going to be A backpack telescope This is one with a large amount And it's your choice now Should we do the questions now? If that's the way you want to do it Feel free to do it The first comments came in After the first 10 minutes And they basically went, wow Cool, how much does it cost This kind of device And the second question The next questions then were Can you get something comparable For the same amount? Well, okay About cost This is a 3 to 4,000 euro telescope And there are comparable Products One is called Bayonis A French manufacturer They are a bit more geared towards Astrophotography And The focus here Is visual astronomy In what I've shown That's missing in the Bayonis That's only for photography And these are the two variants That are on the market But it's always worth Looking on Kickstarter And other crowdfunding projects There is a project Called Dwarf 2 About 400 euros With a small mobile phone camera A small chip behind it That is the options that there are And of course you can build one yourself There are instruction sets All you need is a telescope And optics that Follow the sky's movements And what we will see soon There are four programs About plate solving You take patterns from the sky For automatic orientation All that can be found as freeware And a Raspberry Pi Or something like that Is all you need to put this together And Then you could Realize it as a self-building project So there are the greatest things It doesn't have to be Advanced technology With a little computing power The right software You could build this yourself With a bit of A good hand And is there free open source Stacking software? Yes there is Various I can mention that A Dutch person Very active sky stacker Is popular With astronomers Sequater Several There is good proprietary software To Spanish colleagues Non-open source I actually didn't hear the name But professionals like to use that By NASA And others They have some stacking software too There are all kinds And another question I didn't understand I can just read it This interpreter isn't Sure but I want to ask about the comparison So A is Raspberry Pi That I can use Chinese colleagues Build this With a mobile phone interface You can do live stacking with it too And you can have cameras Color images You just have to put these together It works The only difference I think is The focal length Of the C8 Is not so easy to transport anymore That's true And C8 does have a large focal length And the chip Of A typical AC camera Is very small And the seeing is very relevant Unless you are up in the mountains So the Image is blurred across several pixels Which is what you want to avoid So I want to look at the Environmental conditions I have And see what are the largest pixel sizes You can get And then choose a telescope that I can use For a sensible kind of exposure So if you are not living on the highest Mountains in Germany 3000 meters or so A standard AC camera Will not give you optimal results And the next question We can take for later And But how do we know That we were Recycle twice and what did we have been Before? A blue star Or something else It's actually quite easy to answer That All you need is to look at our sun And see what elements Can we find in there Our sun Is a star Actually I'm a bit Certainly on thin ice here But it's a population 3 star That means that Our sun has heavy elements In it In its outer gas layer And the first stars Were made of The Material that was there After the nucleosynthesis After the big bang and that was Helium and a bit of barium Not to essential amounts Mainly hydrogen and helium And that then clustered together Clumped together into the first stars These were large stars That burned out quickly because of their size And in these explosions The heavier elements formed And if you wanted to know this Very precisely You should speak to an astrophysicist But that broadly is The way you can analyze the sun The ones that are And that way you can say Our sun is not an old star It's young In the population 3 And you can see that We can point to the talk On Thursday at 5 By Harald Darman That also So he will be able to talk about What he knows Spectroscopy And the images he takes So you brought something else So let's look at it together Now Let's come with Me to our Observatory And there will be a small explanation How it works And we are looking into the software itself And what happens now Happens on the computer And yeah It's directly Observed with the phone And I will Barely talk from the microphone here But I hope it worked So I want to look with you On the technology we use today It's a steel Pillar And we are Looking at the rotational axis here And it's It's a virtual It's aligned with the earth Earth rotational axis And we are rotating Under other differences than the Earth rotation So our telescopes Here in white will also be The sky at the same place So we can have really Long exposure times So We can get a lot of photons And get really nice Images And here And green It's just a weight 40 kilograms of steel So the telescope And the weight So there are minimal Forces which are there And we are Can move with this Rotational movement against the earth Rotation just needs really A little bit of energy And this is the main telescope Which we will be using tonight And it's a mirror telescope The light goes in here And it's reflected From the primary mirror In the back And then The light is focused on The secondary mirror The red one It's a heater, the red thing So there won't be any Water on the mirror at night And So the reflection won't change So you know it from the car It's frozen over After a cold night And the light Will then be reflected To the secondary mirror And then goes here through this hole And then it goes onto Our outer Technology This is the ocular Part Which Makes so we can Move it up and down Our ocular and the cameras To the optimal focal point And down there is our main camera It's a CMOS Which is cool Yeah, because If you have The one that is there is more noise So it's You get random pixels Which you don't want And the cooler you have The chip More they vanish And for minus 15 degree Thermal noise Is not actually something greasy And above it There is a filter With Different colored filters And interference filters And There are different informations Which can be then filtered Under a chip And the camera Is monochrome So you are the only grey And if you want to see multiple colors You need to use the filters And Record these colors On their own To get The recordings And the monochrome camera So It's really great that it doesn't have a biome Matrix Which has multiple lenses So you can't So that takes away multiple possibilities For observation So here you see on the left You see another camera Which you use If you For guiding So We are splitting the beam path We see this with these It's an Off-axis guide with a prism mirror Which is reflecting greeny And the light Go through this hole And then Behind that will be A second camera And so they see The same image And the guiding works You say with the software With that camera That please keep That star On that pixel And if this changes The software Will say something So The telescope will move Where it should To where it should be And so you can Correct smallest Errors In the direction Yeah And on the other side On the back It's Powered focus And it And you do You choose You move the Ocular with this Temperature Some things Expand Or get smaller Due to a temperature And the lenses Are Mirror parts Change Due to temperature So we have to Refocus through the night Because it depends on the temperature And that's what our focus Is really nice And so I can Observe over the whole night Without manual refocus I can take focus Without manually refocusing And also if I change my filters They have Really slightly different Reflective indices And so you need This focus To refocus And And If you change from Age alpha to Luminance channel You need to refocus a little bit And this is done fully automatically In the background here So it goes really fast Without doing anything manually So you can Change your Different color channels easily So and on the back here You can see The primary mirror The Which we have seen from the front Here you can Change its position And here Are two diffractors Lens telescopes The light falls In the front and comes out of the back So We can also look We can look into it visually Or also use it As a guiding possibility And There's also a sun Searcher at the top Which Because you actually Don't look into sun With big telescopes Because there's too far too much light For it and it would destroy Our technology here And You can see here many cables That That comes with technology Astrophotography Is a very technological Hobby When you do it really intensely And Then you need it To get really high quality Results And you have to think about it before And when you think about buying a telescope Every telescope has its specialties There is no universally Usable telescope So Feel free to come to us We would like to help you It depends a lot if you want to look At the deep sky or the planets If you want to do photos If you only want to look through it And so on So let's start I will turn the light off We are going into red light In the night This is from a dark chamber from photography So The eyes adapt to it It takes 20 minutes for humans Or it should be Most dirty And then we can see the stars And therefore beauty But as soon as White light falls into your eyes It's over and you have to Re-adapt So use the chance If you are looking Outside Take Your red torch From your bike or whatever So And your eyes will thank you So I want to show you How we control the telescope And how we Can show the images live What you see here It's In a big format So I will be zooming in So we can see the details I went inside because outside It's cold So I will do it remote By remote control here And I will show you What one will be seeing On the Top left there is Planetarium program Which shows you where your telescope Is on the sky on the right There is PhD guiding That's Autoguider Which Checks the Corrects The movement of the Telescope if it moves slightly And it tracks different stars And Says that certain stars should Stay at certain pixels on the chip And if they move From their designated pixels The program initiates A counter movement So you always get the same Part of the image And you don't Get Less clear And less sharp images And that on the bottom is the main program Astrophotography tool Of the best programs Which are there on the market And it's really cheap And it gets a lot of updates I can really recommend it If you want to start Look into this I zoom in now We are connected Via TeamViewer here As Yeah I set it to original size Probably More details here We are in the playaids That's one of the Constellations which you can see Around midnight You can see my telescope here And the rectangular piece Is what you can see in the image And the further you zoom out The further I zoom out The better you can see where we are We are at 240 degree Western And here is the south And Orion Which hopefully most many of you know And Here is the meridian where it went through And just went through So it went to its highest point In the south And it's now on its way Over to the west And will vanish under the horizon Soon Here is the Andromeda galaxy Which is far in the east Where we can maybe move to And it's one of the biggest Galaxies we have in the north Here And the triangle galaxy here Which is really beautiful And here is the Milky Way From east to west And All the And this whole sky Seems to turn Around the northern pole here With the Polaris Once In 24 hours Around itself And it depends It's Comes from the earthen rotation And it's like a virtual movement Because the sky Is fixed But the earth moves On the right The auto-guider as said Maybe we'll go back to it later To turn it off This is my main program here Which controls the camera Here is the live view With 600 milliseconds Exposure time And amplification of 300 Which is on the Upper border Because I'm not that much Interested in the object But just to show you life And With a higher Amplifier With a higher amplification You can see more stars Because you have higher amplification And here are the play-outs And barely visible There is Nebula areas In photos it's often bluish And now it's a monochrome camera So It only can't show grayscale Colors Because in astrophotography We are We want to Use each pixel For The intensity And in color photography One pixel is My object has At least Four pixels And a biometrics on the chip And Not that nice Effects, especially if you're measuring Something Which you may be known from other Talks That's why you're using monochrome Cameras On the right you see various tabs Camera Gear And here is the gear tab And that's my connection To my auto-guider and the telescope At the bottom to the focuser There's a stepper Behind Which you can zoom in steps And I can Zoom is the wrong, actually We are focusing And there's the filter wheel And I have different filters Eight different ones Aluminum filter Which lets White light pass Here we have different Wavelength areas Hydrogen Or red, blue, green Or an infrared Filter For different objects And so depending on what I want to look they are Pre-selected Which I can click on them So when I want To go Somewhere I want to go to the Andromeda galaxy And we are moving to it With the telescope And you can see As the telescope Starts to move And over the sky And to the object itself And You can see it on the live image Here and if everything works Then we are going To end up at the Andromeda galaxy It's on the left here And up there Is another galaxy And we are stopping the image Here and it's primarily The principle how we are moving Around Now I'm in the live view The Andromeda galaxy Has a diameter of about Seven full moons It's a very large object Can we see with a naked eye With such detail And the moon has just come up So it's not that well visible And we decided Had we decided to start the We decided to Take some images three days Before the broadcast Because the weather was better there So here is An image of the Andromeda galaxy And you see these dark Nebulas In front of it And I just briefly deactivated The live view So we are now moving to Longer exposures about 10 seconds As you can see From the figures Close to my mouse pointer So every 10 seconds A new image is taken And they are now Being stacked And as that happens You see more and more detail coming in And the galaxy itself Is actually exiting from the picture It's so large That I cannot get into a single image In this telescope But the interesting features are These dark clouds that you see Within the galaxy We have those in our own galaxy too And many of the objects That seem colourful right now In the galaxy are Within such dark clouds And we will show you a few of those too Right And now Another interesting issue topic I'll now jump to The Taurus constellation Doesn't quite matter where we go The whole issue of focusing I'll switch back to the live view And hopefully we can see How the telescope is moving And it will stop soon And What's interesting Relatively is the question Of focusing And that too We can do remotely I'll switch off live view again And go to Individual images This is my shoot tab This way And I then have various tools Such as autofocus aid Which I will click on And I will change the filter Before that to an H alpha Filter because many of the objects Aren't actually interesting In visible light The contrast you only get By moving to The Hydrogen Or oxygen lines In the spectrum I'll do the following I simply picked a star And I'll click run And what's happening now is that The step emote You see that below Is defocusing Taking An image You see that going on here That takes about four seconds And then you see A relatively Blurred image And that is then transmitted Into this graph There's a Dot here And focus is then readjusted Next image is taken Another dot in the graph And what happens is Over time a parabola Will be shown And on that parabola I can see The minimum Of that parabola will be my optimal Physician And the software will do that Calculate all that using Various algorithms We have the option Of changing the algorithm up here Right I just clicked the pause button In between That's Good if you are recording So I'm jumping towards the end And you can see How this parabola came about And I've briefly Mentioned the various methods We have hflux skyometer Two typical methods Of finding the Focus point Star of course Is a point source of light So it should be On a single pixel of my ccd chip Ideally And The More blurry the image is The stronger the brightness Is distributed across pixels So you have a Gaussian Bell Curve And the broader The actual star point Is distributed across pixels The more blurry The image is And that is what you see in this graph So at the bottom here We have my stepper Motor positions And With that On the vertical axis The actual sharpness Is Chartered Telling us how many pixels the light Is distributed across And from that the program will give us The ideal focal point Which is 830 in this case So in the last step That is the position that is being Moved to Another image is taken And for a final check You can see Of the progression Of our measurement And Here this is where the Telescope is perfectly focused again And from now I can normally Continue taking photos This is again all temperature Controlled so the program Will readjust According to temperature changes As the night goes on And Therefore change the focus We have Just Seen something within the Taurus constellation And I think we'll select an object Up here you have Two maybe interesting Objects Let's go there We can do that too By Some Easy methods Holycraft is a nice one A first take on auto Which breaks the telescope Take a single picture And according to the pattern Of the stars the telescope will recognize Where it is in the sky It will tell me the coordinates In here And I can then sync That with my mount And with My Planetarium program That you saw earlier on So I click the Telescope in the correct position Now and I'll now select My target And that's where Marco Cut me off brutally I select my target And the telescope will move to it As you've seen In the colored view We have two or three more examples On this And then we can go back to questions The horse head nebula Or flame nebula Just around the corner So let's move there The flare nebula Is a very nice one As well I'll stop the recording And we can go We are moving Through the skies The telescope is Just Zooming away Into the Orion constellation To the right And Orion itself has His It's three central stars The shoulder stars And And at the belt stars If you look To the left It's reversed in this image You can see the horse head Nebula and the flare Nebula Or flame nebula I don't know So let's let it work This is the flame nebula Itself a very bright object Another image The image is taken What I wanted to show was the horse head nebula But let's Include that one too I'll start my auto-guider It is the flame nebula by the way Not flare, that's a different object Says the interpreter And we restart The imaging Right Our picture of the flame nebula Is taken A few alpha Which is Hydrogen Gas And there is an emission nebula That we can see Which actively emits light So it radiates light And behind that Again there is a very young Star cluster And with infrared imaging It was possible to Take very good images of that And in front of it Another of these Darker clouds And the Center of the light of this cluster Is Absurd by that cloud But you get this Fairly distinct structure here Of the flame nebula And next to it one of the belt Stars of the Orion constellation Almiac Almiac is its name As you look at it It's the left And just next to it you have the flame nebula And if you go across the other side Then you get to the Horsehead nebula Which we'll go to next That's a dark cloud Which Simply stands out In front of the emission Nebula behind it So let's go back to Cart du ciel The software We see The belt star Almiac And down here You have the structure of the horse head Nebula Where we are going to move to So that will do that Using the telescope control Again in live view I think it should be possible To see something I have to stop the imaging For that To live view Activate our Short time Measurement And I will then grab The Live control From the telescope Of the telescope It's an optron A device I couldn't recommend for everyone At least not in this Particular Shape Okay, I can't have it any other way But it has to be possible in another way That's the Drawback What I was going to do Is How these two are Imaged next to each other But the tool This magnet function That you see here That prevents me from Positioning them Perfectly next to each other And in the telescope itself You always have a manual control left But that is More easy to use It wants To Go back to the overall view If necessary And Reduce the speed Somewhat and Shift the whole thing slightly So you can see How the star started to wonder About And We have a very long exposure That the telescope decided to take Which is why you see the old image Still in the Livestocking Let's take that out Take it down to two seconds And then I hope that it will find something It doesn't show me So I use the map For orientation It's Reversed though And We have darkness, nothing to see So Let's restart our live imaging Or Our recording Due to that the horse head nebula Will soon appear So I'll go back In the meantime I'll go back to the larger view Pause My voice And I'll be back soon So I've just missed Clicking on record So we are in the next Left position you see the horse head nebula A dark cloud And behind it an emission nebula That Is Appropriately Radiant And It's very beautiful shape Well known that you probably Know from several photos So the next Where we are going to That nebula which is also a really nice Object for Bigger Focal length of a reflex camera About 250mm We are only seeing a part of it here The telescope Is in the center now And next I start the recording and we are Looking at it So the last seconds And There we have an image In the edge I far area Here is the center You can really see beautifully The different gas clouds In this structure And They are Made from the radiation Intensity of the stars Also here in the edge Areas the structure Dark cloud Which are pushed apart By the radiation pressure Of the star cluster in the center So Next we are looking At something close by They are two really Pretty star clusters G And Let's see If we can get both of them On an image Should be working Then let's go to the luminosity filter And let's go to live view It's a little bit much One should start from below Sometimes it's lagging a bit But I don't know why Then couldn't find out yet So Stars which are a little bit Large So it Comes from the Long exposure time For the luminance channel So it jumps up So We make a cut Because it's quite late At half past two now We would have Material for another hour We have The moon The optics were frozen So the autoguiders Were a little bit crazy So for those of you who know a bit about it For the first impression that's enough And if there are questions Yeah I'm happy to take them The question again This trans data couldn't also hear it So The guiding and The rate I can choose it And if you see my Screen still We can directly Go to the Let's go to team viewer There we are The Guiding Guiding programs here and you can Choose the sampling rate here Or The program chooses for themselves And you should choose the Sampling rates Depending on the telescopes They have A different range You use about Two seconds And you can Simply Select it in the programs Or it's done automatically And here where There's auto And then it's automatically So Or I can Select all points Or whatever interests me And I do it so that I can have Enough stars which Don't get too much exposure And here there's So you can't see anything because there's the cap on it Otherwise He would show the full with Half maximum from the Gaussian distribution Around the star And I would Choose a such that my stars won't be blurry And I have the second camera Because I use my main camera for Long exposure time And And I Can have exposure times of 30 to 40 minutes To get loads of photons And in that time I can't use The main camera for guiding And thus I need a second camera And You can have it on an axis Or have a second telescope Which you Other telescope and Do the guiding through that And you need a second camera Which Does continuously this Guiding Otherwise I get Lots of problems I have to Pay Ten thousands of euros for the mounts Or you get This is the cheaper Variant if you don't have An absolute encoder For really nice Guided image I can tell more about it But I think that's enough I think you're on mute André I see lips but I Can't hear anything Then I will be Talking here now Can you hear me? If you can hear me So I'm going in here And we'll So next question Something about the dome Does it also move Automatically or is it a moving Roof And this now And now here We have a roof Which can be moved and now We For Dome With a slit in it there Has the warm to go out there And in the summer If you look in the street And it gets hot Then the air Can You can see some optical effect there But the other one also has it Pro and cons And on our kind of roof You move away the whole roof And the telescope is essentially outside And on the dome You look only through a slit Especially if you have a lot of wind That's really really helpful Because you don't have wind on your telescope So it can't move easily From the wind So both has pro and cons And here it was With the roof it could be moved fully away And if you want to visit We are looking usually through the slit in a dome We also have something which Moves the slit but it's currently not connected So You should be now on the screen I'm sorry It's really late Do the telescope have an optical zoom Or is that nothing useful Well there is a possibility But you don't do it at the telescope But You use eye pieces Or oculus Like you use lenses With which you use Um Which you look through the telescope Visually and you have different focal length Length Length Are they no totally away Or am I And now the speaker seems to be Away Control does seem neither Video no slides Let's hope they will Find back Let's give them a small moment Maybe their mobile data Was empty Or they had an infrastructure Restart and observatory at 230 No they drifted off to the stars So we have someone back Sorry for For the problems Greetings Away we are sorry Let's do it a bit faster These point in the middle of a galaxies What's that What do you want Usually In the middle of the galaxies There's a lot of material It's really really dense And gets really accelerated So because they are very Heavy objects Usually black holes So in Most of them and And many of them we don't know And when we make something dense And accelerated and then We both have heat through Acceleration and friction And thus the Heated gas starts to glow So did I correctly Recommend That Heavier stars have less heavy Elements in them Than young ones Did I Where do the elements go Than the stars Where do the Heavy elements Do the Old stars contain fewer Less heavy elements No that's not true The heavy elements did not exist I don't know the exact composition There was hydrogen and helium Initially And then through the fusion And synthetic processes Heavy elements were formed And that's what happens in the stars I believe up to Iron you can actually Get energy from fusion And beyond that You cannot These are our physical details That I can't explain The sun is basically A fusion reactor And so you have A fusion of light elements Into heavy elements And the older a star gets The more heavy elements accumulate The supernova then is The highlight at the very end Of energy Lots of heavy elements Will be bread And that will then break the star The gas will Drift A part into the universe It will take a few billion years For that to gather again somewhere New clouds will form Dark clouds that is And they With the gravitational energy And the gravitational force Is the most basic thing we know So matter will stick to it It will take another few million years More dust particles will Clump together And eventually you have so much mass That a new star will light up Because Through the mass Compacting And as soon as I get About 13 Jupiter masses Nuclear fusion will occur And the star will Star to fuse And Light up again and that gets you the second generation So yeah we have the keyword now You said at the very beginning You talked about a supernova That was observed around the year 1000 Apparently Is that an absolute rarity Or will we Get something like this in our lifetime Well we keep hoping for it Betelgeuse Orion 2 One of the shorter stars Is Enormously bloated And when these stars get bloated They start to pulsate They cannot quite keep Their outer layers together It threatens to Be thrown off Two years ago Betelgeuse actually darkened Considerably Changed very much in its brightness Everyone was enthusiastic Is it now going to explode No that did not happen We'll have to wait a bit longer But there are various candidates But with a bit of luck we will see it But the problem is it cannot be predicted But There are supernovae All the time But they're not close to us So that the brightness It doesn't really reach us And there is a hotline Actually just for that Something you know as An amateur astronomer If you happen I had a suspect Case once and I was very Excited and these people were Wanted all the data so I had to Put my main telescope up And only when we as Amateur astronomers see that oh no This won't quite fit in there But if we briefly be checked Other observatories will take a look And if it is confirmed Then ISO and NASA And everyone will come and Will then point their Billion dollar telescopes To it and that's how it happens And the supernova reports are Available on the internet This happens several times a year That's a supernova swarm But you should be sure of course Mars what are you reporting Also I am now sitting In the mountains In the countryside And I have a son So I have thinking of Elon Musk And when that boy will have Shoot His 20,000 satellites up Will they then Block everything Well fortunately they have become Less bright but darker We had Other constellations Satellite constellations the predecessors Iridium I think they had about 100 And they had created these Wonderful flare traces Looked great wasn't that Frequent so when you look You were looking for those but now With the tens of thousands of Satellites that go up there It's extremely unnerving Because we see those as dots On our images Yeah they remain there And Measurements that you would like to take Photometry is completely destroyed So the more satellites You get up there The more debris there is You see that in every image And that makes it very hard To Do good astronomy from the ground Stacking if you have enough Individual images then These traces of course will be Calculated away and depending on The algorithms I take So if the algorithm says that I have an object on this one image That I have in none of None of the others then yeah That might get thrown out And that will So the very last question What kind of telescope Is the most suited for astrophotography As the final question A chromatic 100% corrected Refactors yes I would agree with that Depends on what you want to photograph Astrophotography Could be the moon Do you want to photograph planets Do you want sky objects Large Objects that might be larger than the moon Or That that would be A Lens telescope for planets I need resolution I need a mirror If you want planets You need A mirror telescope Everything else I again would go for a Refactor Ultimately it's the question of The personal budget and what you want to do And what is more interesting Astrophotography Astrophotography The focal length is important The obligatory question Is there a podcast No sadly not Maybe You would like to start one And second question Is there a website Anywhere where we can see your results We have a small website But we don't really maintain it Podcast no not yet But there is a lot of There are many websites out there Where Star Gazers post their results And Another question If the parser rotates with a 30 second period How much slower Is it than the speed of light Well it's not that big That parser Not much remains It's not much larger Than the moon or even smaller 10, 20 kilometers sometimes It's completely degraded Matters It's almost The precursor To a singularity Which is the black hole So a parser with 10 kilometers diameter One cubic centimeter Of that material is Millions of tons in weight Maybe I don't even know how many Parts of 10 we need here It's Beyond imagination And we Would like to conclude because I think we're all quite Tired now We did actually overrun Severely But you see how enthusiastic we are How our of more questions Next year Come back next year Maybe do it yourself Workshop Isn't that something you wanted to do No I have Working technology Well Rec your hardware There's all kinds of options The CCC in Hamburg Has more Talks lined up On astronomy so there are other options So and a lot remains To talk about next year Okay So let me thank you Everyone involved that have been working Until the late night And our audience The creatures that were with us Good night to you And tomorrow stroke today In you early At 10.30 Or 11.30