Effort to tackle oil theft in the larger Dalton region, the Chief of Naval Staff Vice Admiral Emmanuel O'Gallar said the Navy is paused and taken to war against oil theft and economic sabotage in the Mauritian domain due to criminals. O'Gallar spoke while on a familiarization tool to naval facilities and river states. The Chief of Naval Staff said the Navy will improve its surveillance capabilities and will beam its searchlight more on the creeks and riverine areas where illegal oil burglary activities take place more, while emphasizing that the move will enable the Navy to strike the criminals even before they go into the act. Well, the issue of allegation of involvement of our personnel in oil theft, you know this is the age of social media and many people do not even have the full details, they just put something up there. But if you go through some of those allegations and investigate them, you find out that the basis of those allegations are not unfounded. For instance, somebody will just see a vessel somewhere, he will say the military are involved. He doesn't even know whether there is proper approval from NMPC for that vessel to load. But if we put it on social media that he saw some military men onboard the vessel and that vessel is engaged in illegal bunking without having the correct information. But whatever the case may be, anytime we receive such allegation, we investigate it properly. Vice Admiral or Galaya were reacting to allegations of involvement of personnel. With oil theft, the CNS noted that such claims are unfounded other than that several investigations carried out showed that most of the allegations are not true. But each time we still respond to them by investigating properly so that if there is element of truth in it, we hold the personnel responsible and we apply the law according to the Armed Forces Act. It has a very severe consequence ranging from imprisonment to dismissal which we apply also. We have in such cases in the past an appropriate action we are taking. But I bet more than 90% of those allegations are just based on social media hype without proper background. Then with respect to what we are going to do, we are going to improve our surveillance capability because we want to be able to strike the criminals even before they go into the act. We want to arrest them while they are planning, while they are thinking about it. We don't want to be on the defensive. We want to take the war to the criminals. Among the areas achieved with NAVIL staff visited were on-shore facilities at the Federal Ocean Terminal, Onan Naval Training College, the forward operation base at Boni Majora Basic Training School, the NAVIL Medical Center, the Nigerian Navy Hydrographic School and the Naval Shipyard Limited, Burikiri Import Hackers. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Slave singing about the river. One mistake. They don't run through Pennsylvania. Oh, Dad. Still homesick for Pennsylvania? Oh, I don't know. I'm getting kind of used to it. You know my slaves sing better than anybody else's slaves around here? That's because they love you. You're always freeing someone else. I think I'll go down and free a couple of those tanners right now. I want to New Orleans, Dad. What again? Give them my regards. Why, what do you mean? Uh, son, you can fool your father. You got something on your mind and it's a petticoat. Carl, you're in love. And I'm glad of it. Listen, on this plantation, we got wonderful cotton fields and flower beds. Now what, we wanted some little feet to be running over. Would you like that, Dad? Would I like it? Carl, I haven't bought any baby shoes since I bought yours. And I want to start all over again. So you go ahead down to New Orleans and make arrangements. I beg your pardon. Good evening, Mr. Van Horne. Good evening. Would you ask Miss Dixiana if she would be so considerate as to see me? Certainly, sir. But I think both you and I know that she will be very glad to see you. Huh? Service, Mr. Montague. I don't like being made a fool of by your artists. But I have no control over Pee Wee and Ginger. They're always up to it. I'm talking about Dixiana. You'd better advise her to stop throwing roses to strangers. I beg your pardon, sir. Why, what right do you give orders to Mr. Catano or his artists? Well, sometime I might show you, Senor Catano, his IOUs if it's any business of yours. Please, please, I'll go at once. And don't forget to speak to Dixiana about the rose. I resent that message, Mr. Catano.  Cornelius Van Horne is my father. Well, tell your father that both he and his son are better stay out of my business. Anything that has to do with Mr. Dixiana is my business, sir. And just how do you reckon that? Are you in love with her? That's not a matter to discuss with you. My boy, I don't think you should be so serious about a girl you treat so lightly. Sir? Have you proposed marriage? Have your parents met the young lady? Why, no, sir. Well, perhaps they have different customs where you come from. But in New Orleans, these little formalities are observed by gentlemen. However, I don't think Dixiana will be upset. You keep her name out of this, Horne. Oh, there's one formality I do know about.  I see you have the glove, Mr. Van Horne. Gentlemen. The cause of this scandalous behavior. This gambler said something about you I resent. Mr. Montague said something about me? I'm sure, Mr. Montague couldn't possibly see anything about me that anyone could resent. You're quite right, Miss Dixiana. It was a mistake. No, it wasn't. I insist. You're quite mistaken, and any impression you might have had to the contrary is wrong. And I take this occasion to wish you good evening. Good evening. What happened? Dixiana, do you think that I'm a gentleman? Do you think I'm serious? I think you're very, very serious. Dixiana, I adore you.  What's the meaning of this? This lovely lady has promised to be my wife. What? Dixiana, you're not going to bust up our trio, are you? But I just... Now, ain't that sickening? You can get a wife anywhere. Or where are we going to get another baby ostrich?  Can you imagine the customers when we break open the egg and out comes that old Spanish omelet? Makes me feel as if I want to bust into tears. Oh, Pee-wee. I am going to bust into them. No, Pee-wee. Cheer up, little fellow. I'm taking Dixiana to the plantation with me. You boys come along for a visit. No. Gently, Pee-wee, gently. Home cooking, three meals a day. The old hat says, wear me high. But the stomach whispers chicken and okay. Please say yes, Pee-wee. No. Aw, I'd be so afraid with all those grand people. You'll never turn me down yet. Please say yes. All right. Yeah, that's more like it. I'll go and tell all the folks. Folks, folks, listen, there's nothing new for you. Cupid. Yes, Mr. Carl? Ride to the plantation and tell my father I'm bringing three distinguished guests. And Cupid, tell him that I'm bringing him a daughter. What's all the commotion? The commotion is me. Because I'm going to marry the bread. No woman would ever marry a man if she could see him asleep first. Wake up, you sealion. Wake up. Do I have to? Oh, I just had the most wonderful dream. Oh, tell me, darling. What was it? Oh, it was beautiful. Tell me, tell me. I dreamed? Yes. I dreamed I was once again a widower. What? You Lord Chesterfield? I'll make myself a widow unless you stop snoring and learn better manners. What's the matter with my manners? Matter.  Well, do you think you look like a lady? No, I will tonight.  I got no fire. I'm from Philadelphia. And that's what's the matter with you? You're so dull. You're so cold.   Why not?   Now, you listen to me. I've been listening to you for years. You listen to me. I'm tickin' scientists.  A clumsiest, most awkward Dutchman that ever owned a plantation. Well, that's all right. I didn't mind I owned a plantation. The place was wished on me by a will. Well, you've got it. And you've got to live up to it. Get out of bed. I will when I get good and ready. And I'm ready right now. Say, for why I should get up so early? For your lesson in manners. Manners. Is this manners? Can't you wait till I get some clothes on? How can a man take manners lessons in the disjubilee? Come here. Cornelius? No, my birdie dear. Don't lose your temper. There. Now, I am a lady. That would be impossible. No, no. I am a lady being introduced to you. Ah, somebody else. Well, that's different. Madam, I have the honor of presenting Mr. Van Horn. Now, the lady stretches out a languid hand and she says, Sir, I am delighted. Well, she should be. No, no, no. Now, now, now. No. Bow deeply. Oh, from here? Yes. Stately. Yes, that's fine. Kiss her hand and say, Madam, the honor is mine. And may I extend a welcome to the fairest lady who has ever graced my home. I got to say all that? Yes. Well, I'm fired. Madam? No, Madam. Damn, damn, damn. Don't let the servants he is swayed.  You horsefly. You, you. I don't know what to call you. Well, let's see. How about a woodtick? Who's that? It's Cuban, madam, with great news. Great news? That must be from my son, Carl. He's a great tidier. Yes. Master Carl has picked himself a bride. A bride? And it's fetching over here today. Where did he pick her? And who is she? What's her name? How do you speak me to know there? Hmm. All I know. She's mighty fine and sweet. Oh, the Cornelius, she might be anybody for all I know. Yeah, well, that's all right.  I've known my son since infantry.  A postman, a pastor. He's a past master. And Master Carl is bringing to this thing with Jim and all. Oh, gentlemen, Lord Cornelius, we may get into high society at last. May you then say you leave with my son Carl and we're in now. You hear what he said? Yes. Carl's bringing some aristocratics here. We're getting populated. I must give some orders. No, no. I'll give the orders. Yeah? All right. You give the orders. But I'll still wear pants. What are you going to say to her? I'll say, lady, if my son ain't a better picker than I was, you must be terrible. Oh, madam, may I present my future wife, Miss Dixiana Caldwell? The honor is very good. You're mighty, Carl, madam, Dan Horn. And this is my father. Dad, I brought you a daughter. I hope you're going to like me, sir. Like you? I'm going to love you. Dixiana, this is Venus. She will serve you well. And now, may I be allowed to escort you to your room? I'm afraid you won't find it as rare as some are. Oh, may I present Mr. Ginger Dandy and Little Peewee? Welcome, sirs, to our mother's home. Gentlemen, this is my father.  You're welcome. You're welcome. Would you come in a hour? Yes, yes, nice place. Oh, Dad. Huh? Oh, excuse me. Sure.  Well, Dad, Carl, she's wonderful. Do you think Madam Van Horn will like you? I don't care whether she likes her or not. Say, listen, don't you think we ought to make a little celebratin' in honor of the occasion? Absolutely. We could have a few jolips. Maybe by eight o'clock, I'll be numb enough to enjoy the party. Ah, splendid, splendid, splendid. Hey, why did you take the wheels off the covered wagon? That's old family bed, sir. Does all the family sleep in that at one time? You sure is calm, good sir. Hey, is she sleeping or two? She's been dead for 40 years. 40 years? Well, we won't have to move over for her. If you gentlemen need anything, just ring. Yeah, just a moment, just a moment. Here, uh, here's two dollars for you, son. Thank you, sir. Yes, sir. Uh, Jasper, how would you like to make two dollars more? All right, sir. Now, the idea is that we will bet you two dollars that you can't pick up these three cigars one at a time off the floor without saying ouch. That's a whole lot easier than shooting crabs, just charming, sir. Here, uh, I'll hold the stakes. Now, the cigars are placed. Pick them off the floor one at a time without saying ouch. Just watch, sir. That's one. That's one. That's two. You're doing fine. It never misses. It never misses. Say, Ginger, I wonder how people who live in houses like this pass their time. It's a lucky thing for us that Dixiana's married into this. Gee. You know, I'd love to marry myself into a bed like this. What are you looking for? Some place to put these ashes. Throw them on the floor. Throw them on the floor? Not me. You know, may not know it, but I've decided that I'm going to be an old, southern gentleman. Well, why can't you say so? Isn't that a dandy? Certainly is. That's the biggest one I've ever seen. I'll bet you that thing is over 100 years old. Easy. That's what we call an old antiquity. Hello, boys. Everything all right? You got some wonderful things here. Yeah, well, you see, everything in this room belonged to my Aunt Sophie. Aunt Sophie? That's a picture. Oh, is that Aunt Sophie? Yes, sir. She lived in, uh, Pennsylvania. She died of throat trouble. Oh, they hunter, huh? I guess so. She was high strong. Ha, ha, ha. That's good. That's good. Did you say that everything in this room belonged to Aunt Sophie? Sure, everything. She brought it with her from Chambersburg. She must have been a very nervous woman. Oh, ha, ha, ha. Oh, with that? Kind of different, isn't it? Yes, yes, yes, yes. Unusual. Ha, ha, ha. The quaint is the word. Quaint, quaint. And useful? Yes, useful. Not now. It's too old. It won't catch anything anymore. She was to be all right for a seat. They can't even get in now. It's so bent here, see? Oh, yes, yes. It's solid. Must to work. It's all crooked. How's the duck? Oh, beautiful, beautiful, beautiful. It's like a 4K, isn't it? Here we are.  No, you're a good helser. No, no, no.  No, no, you're a good helser. Now, wait a minute. Wait a minute.    How it is, eh? Now, let's go up and drink it. Let's go up and drink it. Here's the answer. And go. Here's the answer, then. Hey, you boys know any stories? I love a good, risky story. And I love games. I like games. Do you like gambling games? Any kind of games. I don't care what it is. Have you ever heard of the game of the three cigars? No. Let's play it. It's a game where you've got to put up money. I'm a sport. He's a sport? Who will give him the answer? Listen. You hold the stakes and I'll give him the answer. I'll bet you $5 that you can't pick up three cigars without getting kicked out. The idea of the game is that we'll bet you $5 that you can't pick up these three cigars one at a time without saying ouch. Ouch? Oh, you see ouch, yes. A child will go to work. That's my fine. And there are the cigars. Now, why doesn't that let me stand on you? I've got to pick these up one at a time. One at a time? Not say ouch. Not say ouch. Easy. One. That's one. It's a graph round here. Two? There's two. There's two. I call it by the arm. No, no. Now it's a test. This is the test. This is the easiest one. Oh, yes, yes. I'll do it quick. This is a pleasure. I told you. My husband, Cornelius. Uh, madam, the honor is mine.  Shake it. Oh, excuse me. I'm much obliged to meet you, Mr. Pointer. Colonel Pointer? That's all right. I'll call him a general if he wants me to. Anyhow, you're welcome. I am delighted to meet your acquaintance. The pleasure is mutual. I assure you so. Thank you. And now I think I'll go and find my son Carl because I'm sure his fiance is not ready to come down. Don't hurry, Mama. Give Carl a chance to say goodbye to his friends. That is the last indiscutible right of the bachelor. Oh, yes. You know, it took Cornelius a whole week to say goodbye to his bachelor friends. Oh, didn't you, darling? Yes, I did. If I'd had any sense, I'd have been saying goodbye yet. Once so young as Carl must give up all his bachelor fun. You won't make any sympathy on me when you've met her. Every soldier's brave before going into battle. Dixiana, Dixiana, I want you to meet our most distinguished guest, Colonel Porter. I am glad to meet the most distinguished guest whose praises are on every tongue. Oh, you're entirely too kind, Colonel Porter. No, he isn't, Dixiana. Dixiana, your name is as pretty as your eyes, my dear. You're quite right, Colonel. Take these two gentlemen along while you come down. Yes. It'll surprise me if they make it at all. Oh, I'd have kept you waiting. Hi-fi, you vain creatures. You've been drinking. No, drinking. You're forgiven. Oh, aren't you amusing? I adore young men. I should have married someone near my old age. She adores young men. Show her the cigar game. Don't she know the game, the three cigars? She sure she don't know it? Madam. Yes? Do you know the cigar game? The cigar game? That strikes my fancy. She knows it. Why? She said it strikes her fancy. Please try and tell him she doesn't mean it that way. Is it something new? New. No, it's very old. As a matter of fact, it's an old Indian game. Indian? Yeah. The kick-a-poo. The kick-a-poo.  I love it. It's the game where you've got to put up money. I love it. How much? Five dollars. No, not exciting enough. Make it 25. Make it 50. Here, take it all. It's worth it. Now, now. Who's going to give her the answer? The one with the biggest feet. Suppose you give her the answer? I'd love to, but I got fallen arches. Well, be me. You're elected. You'll have to give her the answer. Well, I'll try my best. Now, I'll hold the stake. Now, the idea of the game is that we're going to bet you that you can't pick up these three cigars off the floor one at a time without saying ouch. The money's mine. I never said ouch in my life.  Now, birdie, remember, bow deeply. And pick them up one at a time. Watch me. One, that's splendid. Splendid. Five. Number two, if you please. Number two.  So ridiculous I'm laughing now? Not yet. Splendid. That's two. Now comes the final test. Number three. Number three. I don't get it. I can't wait. Why didn't you give her the answer when she picked up the second cigar? From now on, we'll play this game in a vacant lot. Are you sure you don't want to go in for supper? Not yet, honey. You stole this beauty. Well, you don't have to hurry.  I wish it was more. Gee, I shouldn't have done it. You should have let Dixiana do it. Dixiana? Sir Circus. Circus people in my house. Yes, Madam Van Horn. You see, Carl thought, but... Oh, so this is your doings. I might have known you'd select a bride She's better than you are, madam.  Get out of my house! You won't put her out of here. No, I won't, but the servants will. Gee, Dixiana, I'm awful sorry. Not only did you let the cat out of the bag, but all the kittens. Oh, isn't his fault, Ginger? What are we going to do now? Get the coach. We're going to get away from here as soon as ever we can. But where are we going? Back to the circus where we belong. But, Dixiana... Don't you know orders when you hear them? Come on! Please! Dixiana, how soon can you be ready to leave here? What do you mean? Just as soon as I can pack my things, we're going away together. No, we aren't. I'm not going to come between you and your family. Please don't argue with me, honey. My mind's made up. But, Carl, I... Carl! What are you going to do? Let Dixiana tell you. He wants to take me away from here. He says he's leaving here forever. Forever? But I won't let him do that. I'm going away. But by myself. Where? I'm not telling anybody. Because I don't want him to follow me. See him again. What?  Mighty nice of you, sir.  I wish I could do something to show my respect for the finest lady that ever graced my home. Dear, can I have the great honor to show you to your carriage?  Now, that's enough of you. For once my foot goes down, this house belongs to me. When a few want to keep on living in it, you've got to respect my friends. Mr. Van Horn, it has been a great pleasure to know this charming lady. May I have the honor of opening her cage door? This is marvelous luck. Don't take them back. What? I need them in my circus. Do as you're told, you'll have no circus. Three stars, count them. One, two, three. My little old sore, that certainly smells good. Strike up the band and give three chairs for Pee Wee, Ginger, and Little Dick Sienna. Well, Mr. Cortana, we've come back. I don't want you. I've made other arrangements. I tell you, I'm done with you. He means it. What are we going to do now? Look for another job. There aren't any other jobs. It's all my fault. Oh, what will I do? What will I do? You can work for me. In a gambling house? Well, I have entertainment rooms. And I have a heart. Does your heart beat for one or for three? Three of a kind. You win. We're going to give you the best show you ever saw. Well, honey, what do you say? I'm sorry, but I never worked in a gambling house. I never thought of that. The job's over. Yeah, we couldn't let her take it. We couldn't let her take it. Wait a minute, boys. You stuck with me. Thank you, Mr. Montague. We'll be there tonight. I'll give you a square deal. Now, Dixianna, are you sure you're not going to be sorry? Honey, don't worry about that.  But listen, we've got to change our routine. I'll tell you how we open the act. She sings Dixianna to open the act. Yeah, yeah. Then we do something. What are you boys going to do? Well, we've got to change it. We can't do the Auschwitz Act. I don't understand.  If Dixianna's at my place, young Van Horn will follow. He can't keep away from them. Then you'll have plenty of reason for a duel. He's worth more to me alive than dead just now. That boy may take matters into his own hands and want to fight. And he'll take matters into our hands. Just as we did with Phillip Van Horn? Keep quiet. You're the only one that knows the truth about that, D'you.  I won't talk, don't be afraid. All right, Mr. Blondel. Good evening, folks. Mr. Love's your best. Well, you change everything but your affection for me. You... Hello, Nanny, what's your hurry? I've got it, and I'll be down in five minutes. You bet I will. Drinking tonight, Pee Wee. Oh, are you ginger? Who, me? Oh, no, no. Are you sure you're not waiting for anybody? As a matter of fact, I'm just leaving. Good night, Pee Wee. Good night, Ginger. Good night, Ginger. Good night, Pee Wee. There's your wine, sir. There's your change. One moment. For you, boy. Thank you. A little Nanny. See the wine I got for you? Oh, you're always thinking of me. You know why, honey? It's because I love you. Oh, you don't love me anymore than Pee Wee does. Pee Wee. Nanny, when you're sitting next to a great big handsome animal like yours truly, why refer to an insignificant little Nanny? Nanny. Now, that's what I call a true friend. I knew you were there all the time. Hello, darling. Yeah, I just been killing time waiting for you. Me and Nanny are sweethearts. She wants to be alone with me.   Come on, honey. This is a private conversation. Who's going to take you to the Mardi Gras? I am going to take her to the Mardi Gras. So I am going to take her to the Mardi Gras. Don't I have something to say about this? You're trying to take her away from me. You're low down so-and-so and this and that. Sir, I reckon you all are not aware, sir, that you cannot speak that away to an old Southern gentleman. From South Brooklyn. My grandfather, Miss Nanny, my grandfather was an old Southern planter. A Southern planter? He was an undertaker in Alabama.  Although your objectionable language calls for us, sir, I reckon at the present time I will not challenge you to a duel. A duel?  Honey, you'll meet me, won't you? I'm not telling who I'm going to meet. Oh, but baby, nobody loves you like I do. Oh, ginger says that. And so do all the rest. But, honey, when I say it, I mean it. You're the first girl I ever wanted to be my first wife. Oh, Pee-wee. Though I'm rather sentimental, girls have made me very shy. And I thought love was accidental. Never felt that I was falling till I took you by the hand. Oh, sincere and seedy. Miss Dixiana, I'll make you forget the insults giving you up the river. Possibly then it's because I want to make you remember me. You tell the other girls they can have the night off for the coronation. According to the master's ceremonies, they should be here for half an hour.   She loves me best. All forces me to laugh up my sleeve, sir.  Suppose we let the fair object of our mutual passions decide for herself, sir. Nanny, tell us who you love best. I got the duel. We're going to fight one right now. I'm afraid I can't fight a duel unless I've been properly insulted, sir. Her is impossible. Do I have to tell you how to insult me? It can't be done. To challenge a southern gentleman to a duel, sir, he must be smitten across the face. My one big moment, you... It must be done with a glove, sir. You know darned well that I haven't got a glove. Allow me to proper one of Miss Nanny's. Now you're insulted.  Ridiculous, sir.  I insist upon a glove, sir. Wait until I polish this on your snoot. Are you insulted? I'm afraid you're going to find me a very hard man to insult. But don't get discouraged, lad. Must be insulted. But you're getting hot. You almost had me, then. I'll tell you what we'll do. Let's call the whole thing off. And, sir, I accept the nomination. We'll fight at from three to sixty-one and a half paces. We've got the half-second. Boy, would you like to make fifteen cents? Yes, sir. This is my second. Uh-huh. Your second. He looks more like a half an hour to me. Is this my second? Well, he's more of a split-second. What am you going to use for weapons? Weapons? Why, I reckon we'll just hold down some of the artillery on yonder wall. Choose your weapon. What kind of a second are you? On guard. On guard. On guard. He's out there with Blondell and Montague. And when they get through with him... They're all going to do anything to him if I can help it. After what his family did to you? I don't care what his family did to me. He wants to gamble. I've seen cards lead to anger. Do the duel and oaks. Get the humiliation of leaving his father's plantation. You're wonderful when you want revenge. Revenge? That's it. Will you give it to me? I'll give you anything. And let you play him. Say you're marvelous. And I thought you were a little sink. Someday you'll find out what I am. That'll give me a moment alone. No words to tell you how I adore you. Get the cards. Dixiana! What are you doing here? More lucky at love. Lucky at cards, they say. I'm going to find out. To test who's love. Yours? Then why not play me? Wouldn't that be a more certain test? Would you let cards decide that? Why not? I'm being cheated. Cheated? Are you Dixiana? Really, Dixiana? Must I lose you to?  A woman can change. Always show their real faces. Then why not take another chance with me? I will.  Then you'll quit. Not yet. Mr. Montague, may I have a word with you? Only let me have 10,000. I'm sorry, but we extend no credit here. I can sign an IOU. You know my father? Your father? Well, perhaps... Perhaps what? Of course, if you could give me your father's signature. Oh, no, I couldn't. Are you going to let her win? But I couldn't buy... I'll hold the draft until you win it back. You'll hold it? You promise? Oh, sure. I can't afford to lose such a good client. What is she talking about? She wants to know where you got it. How is it in Indians? How many Indians? Indians coming up the hill. I said to that old squaw coming up the hill. I said to her, I said, look at your Gladys. But you know she didn't pay any attention to me. So I took old Gladys with the Tommy Hawk and I let her back to headquarters where the government gave me this medal and a dishonorable discharge.  I haven't told you where I got that medal yet. Jumping over Niagara Falls. For jumping back. And that? For jumping back. You'd be surprised. Who's the payment? Oh, you schlemier. But if I knew any more names, you'd be honored. I saw what happened in the Gampland place. I was there. Then you saw her cheat me. Yes, I saw her cheat you, heaven bless her. Then I saw her tear up that forge that I checked you made. Tear it up? Yeah. Well, see if you can understand this. Why did Dixie Anna leave the plantation? I don't know. You don't know? Why did she push herself between you and Montague? How can I tell? Of course you can. My language goes in the bankruptcy. Because she loves you. She loves me? Yes. Now you go and find her. Bring her back to the plantation and if you don't bring her back, don't come back here, son. You'll help me, dad. My boy. You're the only all-owing of the Prince of Darkness and the Queen of Light. Only this time there won't be any regal rules. Only one fitting vestment for such a queen. Why can't you surrender as magnificently as you fight?  How can I? Don't you know I love you? Don't you know there isn't anything I wouldn't give for you? Let me take you away from New Orleans.  I'll show you the beautiful women of every country. And when you've seen them all, I'll make you more beautiful than any of them. And then I'll make you mine. Of course this means only one thing. I'm ready to go to the dueling oaks right now. Let me remind you, the place and choice of weapons is mine. Anything. Well, according to the code... Your code, what does it mean to me? You stay out of this, Dixie Anna. Your pleasure, Mr. Mornigue. Pistols in my courtyard in 15 minutes. In 15 minutes. Now get out. It'll be murder. That's what's in my heart. Listen to me. Two years ago, he killed your uncle in just such a duel. Then I'll have a double revenge. No, you won't. Can't you see he provoked your uncle just so he could name the place and have the choice of weapons? And something happened. What? They were never able to find a spot where your uncle's bullet hit the wall. Oh, that has a hundred explanations. No. Hey, do it. Love you. That's why I must fight.  What would I do?   No man's a coward who avoids being murdered?  Carl, I'm away with me. What do you mean? No. Dixie Anna. Oh, my darling, I want to feel you close to me like this. I want your arms around me.  Take me away. Anywhere. Paris, Italy. Kiss me. Dixie Anna, in case anything happens to me, give that to my father. All right, dear. Make sure you load them correctly.    If you represent Mr. Van Horn in this matter. I do, sir. Look at you up on there. Isn't there some way we can get young Van Horn out of this? Yes, with one of these. As soon as you've witnessed their loading. You care to inspect them before I offer him his choice? Dixie Anna. Oh, I thought that you were... Dixie Anna. That's the matter with those pistols? Then why are you afraid to have them weigh? Yeah. That's Mr. Van Buell. The same way you can account for the death of your uncle. Keep still. Got the three cigars without hollering out. You invented the game of the three cigars? Yeah. This has a new point. Montague conceded. I'll take that bet. All right. Now, uh... Spare me the details, Lance. Spare me the details. That's one. That's one. Aren't you standing too far away? Oh, no. That's two. That's two. Pick up the third cigar. Good eye trouble you for my sword.


I'm Zeke and welcome to the dream green show in this episode I'm gonna show you guys a strategy that the rich use are ready to get rich and I'm gonna show you exactly How easy it is to use and to learn for you to use it yourselves But before I tell you guys what that strategy is. I know on my channel. I'll show you guys all about value investing That's finding good quality stocks at a great price that you can hold on to for a couple of years One year two years five years ten years for the rest of your life if they pay dividend guys So we really look for good value companies and we look for statistics inside of the market that shows that hey if company a buys company B company a is gonna do that our company a does share buybacks then that company stock usually gonna go We look for great high percentage chance of returns inside of our portfolio in order to grow our Portfolio slowly over time, but I know a lot of you guys don't have time and you looking for money now We're the strategy that I'm gonna show you guys in this video utilizes those swings inside the market. Let's say I bought Coca-Cola for $50 right Coca-Cola goes all the way up to a hundred dollars over the next month And then it pulls all the way back down to $50 again Five months down the line. How much money have I made holding Coca-Cola? Zero dollars guys over the course of six months Using that strategy right there of just value investing holding on to a stock and doing absolutely nothing with it and just keeping Inside my portfolio for the next ten years, but this strategy utilizes those swings And it's very easy to use and it's called using support and resistance lines The key to this strategy as you guys already know is to buy low and sell high Well value investing we just buy stocks and we hold on to them for a couple of years It helps out our taxes a little bit but swing trading by using support and resistance lines You're gonna buy low and you're always gonna sell high guys And you can also add an option trading with it, but that's a little bit advanced But for beginning investors, I'm gonna show you guys how to use the strategy support and resistance line This is by far the easiest strategy that you could possibly use It's even simpler than the RSI and the MACD indicator and the Hikonashi Candles is way easier and all that is just just using support and resistance lines I'm gonna show you guys four different examples in this video on a couple of my favorite stocks and a little live setup Just to show you guys exactly how it worked and how you can start using that today to go inside the market find some Good setups buy low and sell high make a lot of money and move on to your next trade So if you don't mind not having to hold on to stocks for a couple of years and you need money now This is the strategy for you, but before we dive into this video This video is brought to you by we will sign them down by clicking the link down in the description Sign up and you get two free stocks and if you deposit any amount on money Just one penny you'll receive three free stocks and all together combined those five free stocks would be worth up to $9,300 that is by far one of the best promotions that had in a very long time and with those five free stocks You could keep them inside the platform and decide to use it or you could sell those five free stocks In which are all of your money guys. This is literally free money. Do not miss out on this opportunity Also, I left a link in the description to coin based that is by far the easiest way to buy and sell cryptocurrency Use my code that's in the description to get a free $10 worth of Bitcoin and the last link is to Moomoo Sign up and deposit to start your account And I think you get another three free stocks and you are guaranteed a free stock of neo just from signing up That is a great value right that thing neo is sitting around $20 So make sure that you pick up your free stock opportunities with Moomoo once again You could keep your shares in there and decide to use it or you can sell your shares and withdraw all if your money Guys, it's literally free money. Do not miss out on these amazing opportunity But enough talking let's go ahead and dive straight into the video.  This is ticker symbol a APL and we are on the four hour chart for hours It's better for swing trades and you get a better overview of the market other than just looking at the five minute mark Or the one minute mark that is called day trading and that's a little bit too tricky for us to learn now Swing trading is a lot easier because you get the whole direction of the market And you don't have to check in on stocks every minute of the day You just set it and you forget it now Apple has been a key gain of mine And it's a perfect one to teach everyone about support and resistance lines, right? So anything at the top that a price point is hard to break above that is a resistance line and the support line Of course is where a price have a hard time breaking below And usually if it breaks below a support line that stock is going to pull back And if it breaks above a resistance line is probably going to go on the run So you guys can see we use some resistance lines if it touches up here once touches again twice Three times all the way four times and five times. They have a very hard time breaking above $180 guys, so right now the resistance for Apple is $180 now support lines down here It has it came in broke above it touched once twice three Four five ish times now so right now Apple has a very strong support of $156 so whenever Apple pulls all the way back down to $155 You could buy it and then what you don't know went to sell when she you sell Apple when she you sell Apple Well, you should probably sell Apple the next time it reaches all the way back up to this old resistance line Which is a hundred eighty dollars. So if you buy an Apple at one fifty six one fifty five Do you probably sell it around 175 and then you'll make a profit of around 175 11% over the course of maybe just a couple of weeks guys. So that is amazing. Remember any 6% is the average growth of the stock market 68% and for you to make a swing trade of 11% in just a couple weeks It's amazing. Now. Here's the trick support and resistance line do not only have to be horizontal like this I'm gonna show you guys exactly how we drew this out a very long time ago inside of the discord But they don't only have to be horizontal They could also be diagonal. So this right here is a downtrend line It touch it touch it touch and right here It finally broke above the downtrend line and look it shot all the way back up to around $180 so that is the support and resistance line. So let me show you guys exactly how it plays out So let's go to all the way back to where we drew these lines out a long time ago So let's come all the way back right here to the replay and right here All right, so let's say this was a all-time high for Apple at the time $137 it hit right here and it pulled all the way back. So we drew that out as a Resistance line gonna hit play and let this play out, right? So BAM Apple have pulled all the way This was some resistance line right here Apple start to shoot up BAM and hit the resistance lines again has a hard time breaking the buff It didn't stay above have a hard time breaking the buff keep pulling back So Apple resistance is still 138 this dollars or so. So any time buying down here is fine And you know to sell at 138 dollars is good So Apple still has a hard time breaking above 138 dollars As fast forward a little bit BAM there goes Apple finally breaks above the resistance lines And now it's gonna make now this resistance line should be its new support line And it's gonna have a hard time breaking below the support line. Let's hit play again And we're gonna make new resistance lines to have a hard time breaking above $149 and BAM it breaks above to his new resistance line and it pulled all the way back and guess what? This line right here is now the support that we drew out a very long time ago Remember the old resistance line is now his new support line and now it's having a hard time break below that So to me that is a good entry price to get in at around 138 dollars. Let's hit play again And there it goes We're gonna use these support and resistance lines from here on out and there you go We're going all the way back to Martin day This is support line resistance line support line and Resistance lines as you guys already know so let's go ahead and in this because we know how that plays out So yeah, the support and resistance lines is very easy to read with Apple So let's go on to the next one, which is AMD. So here goes with AMD We dropped this downtrend line right here as you guys can see we had a support and resistance lines of around 153 dollars and remember no matter how high company gets it's always gonna pull back to the price point to Where you eventually want to get it in and we drew out this support line down here because a it had a Hard time falling below a long time ago Below $100 had a hard time falling below a hard time falling below a hard time falling below It shot up and broke out of the downtrend pattern this resistance line and shot up and had another downtrend pattern And once again when it was in this big large downtrend was like hey What price is gonna pull back to where we want to look all the way back to us old resistance lines of $100 and Bami hit $100 and then it started continuing this downtrend line And we drew this out last week inside the discord that that bam It finally pulled below the resistance lines of $100 for AMD We have wrote this out inside of the discord that it was at 97 dollars and 39 cents at the time So we used to zoom in on that 97 39 Right here 97 Bam and right now the price is at 92. That's of Minus 4.69% so now if we was to put in a put option on AMD seeing that it finally broke below The resistance lines of $100 we could have made a lot of money putting in the option that way So that is another way to use supporting resistance lines You don't always have to buy low and sell high if you see that it's broke Support line and that it's going to start to pull back You could put in an option strategy saying that hey the stock is gonna pull back and you can make a ton of money That way so if you guys do want to be a part of a trading community Go ahead and check out the patreon link down in the comment section It will be the pin comment join the patreon the patreon to take it to my discord inside the discord as you guys can see I post every single time I buy and sell stocks I post technical analysis just like this all the time inside of the discord And we also have professional option traders over there that post their option trades every single day They post their swing trades. I post my swing trades. I post all the options I'm selling that week and we also have a great community of Investors in there that are all like-minded all in one place that if you have any questions at all Well, you are around the greatest group of community that would be able to help you out Just that the the type of your fingers guys So if you want to be a part of a great community go ahead and check the link out to patreon That's down in the comment section. Alright, so here we are back. Let's go back to academy sports and outdoors ASO now once again I pulled this one up just to show you guys that all support and resistance lines do not have to be horizontal these supporting resistance lines are Diagonal so you have an uptrend pattern right here. So this uptrend pattern it shows that this is the support It's just once twice three times four five six seven eight And then it finally broke down below and the uptrend part of this channel was one two three four and five So once it broke down below then you guys could kind of see that Academy Sports and Outdoors was finally gonna pull back And if you was to put in a put option on Academy Sports and Outdoors once it broke below its uptrend pattern Then you guys could see that that Academy Sports and Outdoors was gonna pull back at the time And if you was to draw out a downtrend line right here to where it touches One two three four five six times and if finally broke above then you guys could see that Academy Sports and Outdoors might be back due for uptrend pattern And you could have got back in on some options all by low right here at this price point of around $35 all the way up to $40. So that's Academy Sports and Outdoors and the last one we're gonna pull up is Charge Point CHPT Here we are on charge point now We drew this one out a very long time ago inside the discord it has been in the downtrend pattern all the way since December January 2021 and it's just been in a downtrend pattern right there And we've been waiting for it to break above. We have our support lines right here In resistance line so resistive support line right here one two three four Five and then it finally broke below our support. So now this support is now a new resistance We should have a hard time breaking above right here. This downtrend line in the support line and We also have another sport line right here that goes all the way back to September 20th of around $13. So we was waiting for charge point to hopefully break above this This blue channel right here of $20 and 50 cents and break above this downtrend line Once it do then we do really see charge point going for a big strong run in the future for electric vehicles charging stations So there we go dreamers supporting resistance lines. It's way easier than the MACD indicator He cannot she count those the RSI indicator Momentum indicators is it's support in resistance lines You look at a chart draw a line going all the way across where it has a hard time breaking above a line Going all the way across where has a hard time breaking below and now you guys know that it doesn't always have to be horizontal It can also be diagonal just like that. So those lines that you draw you draw your lines And you don't do anything until The price point reaches one of those lines.  So, yeah, that is by far the easiest strategy that the rich use in order to get richer and that you could start using today In order to start making some better trades inside of the stock market. So yeah dreamers That's all I got for you today go down to the comment section Let me know what other strategies do you use inside the stock market to make some good awesome trades? What indicators do you use is there one even easier than supporting resistance lines? Let me know all of those down in the comment section, and I'll be sure to check those out other than that Don't forget to pick up your free stocks of Weeble. It's free money guys Don't forget to pick up your free stocks of Moo Moo It's free money guys And if you want to join a great group of community of traders check out the patreon pin in the comment section But other than that I'm Zeke bring you to dream green show and I'm out peace


Survivorship bias is a cognitive bias that occurs when people focus on the individuals or things that survived, a process or event, overlooking those that did not. This bias often leads to an overly optimistic view of success or an inaccurate assessment of the factors that contribute to it. Survivorship bias can be found in various contexts, including business, investing, education and historical analysis. Here's a more detailed explanation. In business and investing, survivorship bias may occur when analyzing successful companies, entrepreneurs or investment strategies. If you only study the success stories and ignore the failures, you might draw inaccurate conclusions about the key factors for success. For example, if you only analyze successful startups, you might overlook the challenges and common pitfalls that many failed startups experience. In historical analysis, survivorship bias can affect the interpretation of data. For instance, if you only consider the writings, artworks or artifacts that have survived over time, you may get a distorted view of the past. Neglected or destroyed works are not represented, leading to an incomplete understanding of a particular era or culture. Survivorship bias has been studied in the context of military and aviation as well. During World War II, analysts examined returning aircraft to determine where they were most likely to be hit. However, they were only looking at the planes that made it back. Statistician Abraham Wald pointed out that the analysis should focus on the areas where the surviving planes were not hit since those were, likely the vulnerable areas that caused other planes to be lost. To overcome survivorship bias, consider the full picture when analyzing data or drawing conclusions. Consider both the successes and failures to get a more comprehensive understanding. Include non-survivors, take into account the individuals, companies, or entities that did not succeed or did not survive the process. Critical thinking encourage critical thinking and skepticism, especially when success stories are presented without the context of failures. Learn from failures, analyze failures and learn from mistakes to gain insights into what went wrong and how to avoid similar pitfalls. Broaden the data set when conducting research or making decisions. Broaden the data set to include a diverse range of experiences and outcomes. By being aware of survivorship bias and actively working to mitigate its effects, individuals and organizations can make more informed decisions and avoid drawing misleading conclusions based on a skewed perspective.


So, the next topic under the trends and issues in early childhood education is test-based high-stake accountability and prescribed curriculum. We know that evaluation is a vast field and there are certain standards errors of measurement also because when there are certain principles but the instruments are not valid and reliable so the measurement is not appropriate. So, educational measurement is a mis-meyer for younger children. We say that if the principle of measurement is not completely used, whether it is untrained or not given specifications in curriculum, then you cannot properly measure small children and the reason for this is that they are not going through any standard.  Now, their performance is also different. So, now, this is not a mis-meyer, this is not a measurement. Then, high-stake accountability. You must have seen that a very small child who is below the preps of a nursery class or a play group has a high criterion. You have to take a number out of 100, take 99, take 98. If you keep such a high-stake on the children, then you are violating their freedom of nature. Then, assessment needs to be meaningful and respect the complexities of learning. Actually, we are not respecting the complexities. Now, the matter is very complex because they are rapidly developing. Some children's brain and muscle coordination is still weak and now, they are giving strength to their handwriting. Now, they have not even learned to hold a pencil. And the pencil cannot hold it in its own hands as a brain. But you are testing the standards of its handwriting in numbers. In the same way, what we do in this series is that we are building an undue pressure on small children and on other students. And because of this pressure, the children's nature should have come forward. In fact, the nature that should have come forward has stopped. So, our authors say that such an assessment is not supporting our young children's development. It is hindering development and not increasing it.  And those barriers are not allowing it to move forward. You have started measuring it in numbers, in performance, while it is time for the children to learn. There are many countries like Japan, France, and the Philippines. In the beginning of the day, there is no measurement. It is only taught. But the measurement is not done so that it does not affect their minds. And neither is it easy to understand how the grades of your class are. How is your class's result? If your result is not good, it means that you are not performing well. So, if the result is fake, then the rest of the things will also be fake. Then there is test anxiety. Here you can see the children in some pictures.  You start testing it. Now he has not learned how to perform in front of people. He has his own mind. Right now, he wants to do something with his nature and his will. But we have put him in a very difficult position, and we are trying to pass through it. Then, as we said earlier, if the test is inappropriate, because the validity of a test is that he should measure something for which he has been prepared. Now, if we just want to check his wrote memorization, that how much he remembers the count, how many digits and alphabets he remembers, then this measurement is inappropriate. Right now, his concept is developing. We should talk about the concepts now.  We are obstructing the complexities in such situations, not helping them out. Then there is another very strange phenomenon, that higher curriculum is pushed to lower classes. Look, you all, and I was a time when there was a very small bag, and very few people were allowed to play. And the children were free to jump into the school. There was no pressure. But now, along with the time, you will also see languages in the prep class. You have to remember the parts of the heart about the children. In the last few days, there was a incident of a student of a prep class, who tried to memorize the right or the trickle. And I can remember it with difficulty. So how can a child of a small prep class remember it? And then he has to remember it. He has not come to understand it yet. So in such a situation, we have pushed down the curriculum, we have increased their pressure, increased their burden. That is why the children have become overburdened. Then the children are not growing as imaginative and creative thinkers. The truth is that the children will not come towards creativity. They will not think, they will not understand. They will do something that is told to them. Because they are bound to it. Sometimes through a stick and sometimes through the pressure of the marks.


Yeah, so I have the pleasure of being able to speak to you as the first today and it's a great pleasure, of course. And according to the program, it seems like I have around two hours for this small presentation, so that was a joke. I don't have two hours. No, I will probably try to keep it a little bit short, but nevertheless, I would like to give you a few, let's say, perspectives on the theoretical framework. And we started working, preparing also a draft paper which will be available, but it is very much a draft and it's something which I suppose that we will develop much further here in the coming months, not least based on the feedback from all the good experts sitting here in this room. So this is a very first contribution by Dimitri. Well, where are you Dimitri? Yeah, it's sitting there. So this is Dimitri Well and Sebastian Tönsch you already have seen and I am Michael Faber. And now I'm trying to see if this would actually work. Yeah, it seems so. Something is working. Okay, so I would like to go through these few points in the next couple of minutes, looking at the underlying motivation. A few words on structural health monitoring, engineering decision making, decision and VOI analysis. And then I will just introduce in a very, very simple manner the basic concepts of VOI analysis according to the Bayesian preposterior decision analysis in the extensive form as an example, whereby we can adjust a little bit our mindsets. Then I'm going to point at some interesting recent works in the field and I will conclude by suggesting a little bit as summing up of the situation as it is and in what directions we could go here in this project to start out with. Okay, well, in terms of managing the integrity of structures, I think it would be fair to say that Freud and Teil was really the front runner and we are talking about, let's say his work in the 40s and we often reference one of his works from 1947. So the fundamental idea that we should establish a rationale based on the available information to base decisions on the management of integrity of structures is definitely not new. And a lot of developments have really taken place since Freud and Teil and it goes beyond my time limitation to talk about all these contributions, but you surely know and appreciate the enormous amount of work which has been performed in the period between then and now. It's then interesting also to see that the decision theory, the Bayesian decision theory in particular has taken some big steps forward, and what was basically developed by Riefer, Riefer and Sliefer sometimes in the 60s and also let's say the fundamentals of utility theory came out from Neumann and Morgenstern and a rationale was let's say crystallizing exactly in what way it would be correct to treat uncertain knowledge in the context of decision making. Now, we should also highlight that Benjamin and Connell actually at a very early stage realized that he was something really important and really big and in their let's say the standard textbook on statistics and probability for engineers, civil engineers, they highlight that and they describe let's say the basic constituents of the Bayesian decision analysis in a very straightforward way in the prior posterior and pre-posterior decision analysis and they even give a lot of good examples, but recognizing how long ago that actually is, it's pretty amazing how little has happened since then. So the application of let's say especially the pre-posterior decision analysis in engineering, in civil engineering maybe in particular, but I'm not sure has been long on the way. So the merits and potential benefits of utilizing pre-posterior decision analysis and value of information analysis has not really been realized and exploited and we are in many ways we are standing right in front of a lot of interesting work in order to exploit this potential and this action is of course meant also to push this in the particular context of structural health monitoring. So I would like to point at let's say a suggestion for different classes of engineering decision problems, civil engineering decision problems where we could utilize pre-posterior decision analysis and value of information analysis. I would also like to give you the idea that management of structural safety in principle can seen as purely information theoretical problem. So in an abstract sense what we are actually dealing with is just managing information and I hope to give you that idea. And then as I already indicated I will show in a very simple way how the value of information analysis can be used in the context of structural health monitoring. So one way of classifying decision situations is what you see there. Structural health monitoring could be utilized in the context of prototype developments. It could also be used in the context of code making and calibration both for design and for assessment of structures. It could be utilized in the broader context of optimizing strategies for warning, warning let's say in the face of hazards or perils which could either be due to let's say emerging natural hazards or due to emerging deterioration or other things where we have a time dependency and then of course for the optimization of maintenance strategies where we normally are focusing. If we look at prototype developments health monitoring of new structural concepts like wind turbines is a very good example I think where we are developing we are trying to push the designs of new concepts all the time. But at some point in time we are fixing things and then these things they go into mass production and they are put up everywhere in the world. So we are talking about many many many structures which are put up in let's say in their environment and in that process prototyping is certainly a useful concept and it's also applied. But the structural health monitoring in order to understand the performance of the structures and the types of loads and their responses. This is also being utilized as it is now but here what we are doing could also contribute in a more rational and strategic manner to optimize design decisions. When we look at code making and code calibration for design and assessment of structures again an important issue concerns the and this is I guess it has over the years become more and more clear to me. That model uncertainties with respect to the performance of structures in reality as compared to the simplistic models and very often very highly idealized models we are using play a very big role. And structural health monitoring can help us in a strategic way at the level of strategic decision making on how to adapt and calibrate codes rationally. Then the issue of optimizing warning measures that as I mentioned is a context where we have had some experience it's really the type of problem which can be cooked down to should I stay or should I go should we do something or should we leave it. And that type of sequential decision making problem comes up in a number of cases in engineering. So if you have a typhoon emerging somewhere and you have some facility or structure you're worried about could be hit but you're not sure that the typhoon will come your way then this is a type of such situation. And let's say the monitoring is on the location and on the characteristics of the of the peril in this case the typhoon. But there are many other similar contexts should we stay or should we run. And then of course for the optimization of maintenance strategies the knowledge which we can collect during the lifetime of of a structure certainly is very useful for supporting decisions. This has really been realized I would say already in the beginning of the 80s there were a couple of groups I believe which can be attributed to significant work. The second work one was a group around pallets of Christensen and John John was a small boy at that time about this height and I was a little bit smaller. But Pelle forced us to work in this domain and at the same time at DNV they were also working in this area. Henrik Madsen and his colleagues and that was then the developments on risk based inspection and maintenance planning which which was born. And that was really a preposterior decision analysis in order to allocate resources optimally for management of integrity of structures. Now structural health monitoring in many ways can add to that because these optimal risk based inspection plans can of course be adapted during the life cycle of the structures based on even more information which can be collected in between inspections. So the fundamental logic is that we sample information knowledge over the lifetime information costs resources money ultimately depending on what technique we utilize. We get more or less precise information but typically there's also the relationship between the precision and the cost. Using this information we can adapt our strategies on how actually to intervene with the structure and this is where we get the potential benefit out of the whole service. Yeah if of course the information we collect is not correct or biased the derived actions which we will identify as being optimal may actually not be optimal. And that again will not provide us optimal solutions. Yeah so the only basis we actually have for evaluating the benefit of collecting information during the life cycle of a structure is information we don't get have. We it's still out there we can we can pick it up when it's there and the benefit of this does is the issue how can we evaluate the benefit of this right. And what has happened typically so far when when the effect of structural health monitoring has been assessed and also quantified mostly is that let's say time series of certain phenomena are anticipated. And then you see OK so if we use structural health monitoring how could this be utilized and which could in that particular case conditional on this particular evolution. What would the benefit of the structural health monitoring then be. But this is of course not correct. We don't know exactly what the future will bring and therefore therefore we need a different rationale. There's no doubt that the structural health monitoring can significantly help in supporting decisions. Very little has been done so far on this and there's no doubt that what we will do in this course action will certainly contribute. When we talk about decision making in in the context of assets management or structural integrity management it's useful to look at at the system is a let's say a system comprised of different constituents. And we are trying to make decisions on the basis of the knowledge we have and we can in principle we can make two types of decisions either we can change the physics of the system or constituents of the system. So we can go in and make actual physical maintenance activities we can repair we can do things and in that way we actually shaping the physics. We do that or we make our choices based on knowledge we have concerning the constituents. So it also makes sense to direct attention to the knowledge we can collect the additional knowledge we can collect about the constituents. And the utilization of this additional knowledge to support a let's say a more optimal ranking of possible decision alternatives concerning physical changes. So it's in principle it's always a mix of these two principally different types of actions we can take which is relevant. And in some cases of course knowledge is already sufficient and additional information will not lead to anything except additional expenditures. In many cases let's say carefully devised and strategically planned collection of additional information will actually provide a benefit and this is where the value of information analysis comes in. If we look at the different let's say places where we can collect information when we are looking at the system and its constituents then of course you can make many models. I've just taken the one from the joint committee on a system representation and as I said other models apply but here at least you get the idea that yes we can monitor the performance of structural systems by looking at different things. So we can look at the exposure side. We can also look at the damages which would be down here on the vulnerability direct consequences but we can also collect useful information on the functionality side the indirect consequences. So information can be collected at different levels and all this type of different information can provide very important knowledge for managing the integrity. And all this could be related or understood as structural health monitoring. Yeah and of course we try to model the scenarios of events for such systems and also to calculate the corresponding risks. Now what I said earlier concerning this perspective on management of information that that actually in many ways at an abstract level really describes what we are trying to do. When we are when we are making decisions with respect to design or with respect to particular maintenance activities design of course involves choices of materials. In addition to the geometry and the statistical systems for instance and also any any other issue of dimensions for structural systems. And when we make those choices what we really do in essence is that we are we are buying we are buying information so when we choose one material for another material we are buying information concerning the performance. And this information we immediately using let's say probability theory and methods of structural reliability we can immediately transform that to a probabilistic description. So already in this phase what we actually buying by designing we are buying knowledge we are buying information and that information goes into the same pot. As any other information which can be collected about the structural systems at a later point in time using for instance structural health monitoring. So all together I think also in this action we should keep an open eye to possible let's say formulations and tools out of information theory. Yeah. In principle any design and also reassessment decision may be supported by prior decision analysis. Any decision on the assessment inspections for monitoring may be supported by previous theory of decision analysis. Now when we are talking about monitoring there is another issue I would like to underline that it's actually it concerns all sorts of collections of information. Normally we understand by monitoring some continuous in time observation of some phenomenon but whether it's continuous or discrete or only one time or two times it doesn't really matter. It's just a broader term for collecting information in the prior decision analysis it's all here. Very simple so we have a space of possible decisions depending on the choice. We will have an outcome of nature and depending on the outcome of nature and our decision there will be an associated benefit or utility. We call it just benefit and well we need to optimize decisions so that we get the the highest expected value of the benefit expected value that's dictated by von Neumann and Morgenstern. The axioms of utility theory and and that's that's very simple. So we buy information by choice of the prior density. This is essentially what we're doing. We select about possible different choices of of prior probabilistic descriptions of this universe. So by buying a cross section by buying a geometry we get information about the the the performance right and then we take this in knowledge into account when we evaluate the the benefit function. Okay so base here and all this is very simple. We if we have additional information which we represent taking into account the uncertainty this information is associated with then the knowledge we can build up the posterior on the basis of these. Information's weighed with our prior on on on on this particular phenomena of interest and this is what we call updating right. And then we can do posterior decision analysis in the same manner as we do the the the prior decision analysis but now we remember here we have the double prime indicating that we are taking the expected value over the. The posterior description probabilistic description otherwise everything is the same. And as I indicated earlier this is the extensive form decision analysis. Which we then come into here where we look at the possibilities to include new information. In decision support even before we have collected this new information and we do that by assuming that this new information that we are seeking will follow our prior models. For the phenomena and then we take into account this information we average out or all possible outcomes according to our prior models. But every time in a way that we have realizations in this integration of the outcomes then we optimize the decisions in the decision problem. And then we do the same again and we average and maximize. The choices on how to collect information so this is what we're doing we are taking decisions on how to collect information we are observing what comes out of this these experiments and on this basis we make decisions. Based on the decisions and everything which has happened before we have a realization of the universe and associated benefits. And this is the extensive form formulation of the previous decision analysis and I just also want to highlight the normal form. They are of course equivalent the major difference in the extensive form normal form concerns the necessity to include decision rules in the normal form decision analysis. And then of course the the big difference operationally is that in the extensive form we operate on the posterior probabilistic description in the normal form we operate solemnly in the prior probabilistic description. And that of course gives some let's say practical differences. And when we are looking at all the early works on risk based inspection planning using the previous theory of decision analysis you will you will also realize that everything is in the normal form. And in the later years developments on value of information analysis and structural health monitoring immediately all the emphasis has been put on the extensive form formulations. I'm just saying that we should keep in mind that there are two equivalent formulations and we can we can utilize those of course to the to support us in finding efficient schemes for taking for doing the analysis. Yeah okay I want to point at a few recent works in the field and I actually have taken all these papers with me. Including one I cannot remember the name of but that was this one. These are some of the more recent works but in addition there's also a very nice let's say a global overview of value of information analysis utilized across let's say all scientific fields. And this is a paper by Jeffrey Keisler and Collier and shoe and Sinatra and link off and it has the title of value of information analysis the state of application. And that that paper of course is is really interesting because it gives a broader overview of the degree to which the different sciences and engineering fields are taking benefit of value of information analysis. These these references which I list here they are selected of course there's more out there and in particular I would like to draw your attention to a couple of PhD thesis which have emerged here over the last four or five years I guess. And one is Timos is sitting down there Timo hand up. Another one is of course by posse a colleague collaborator of Q Regan and another one which does not have a title anywhere close to structural health monitoring but which is really related to solving this sequential decision problem. Should we stay or should we run which is highly related to this is by Annette Anders and then I believe Daniel is your PhD student working in this area done now or. Yeah and I'm sure that that there will be other other ceases emerging or also already available. These these contributions here common for those contributions is that they almost all use the extensive form decision analysis formulation. They look at the in principle different variants of the same problem you have a system. You have time involved. You have the possibility to collect information concerning the the condition of your stock deals component or system because some of them they also go into different types of simple systems. And then you were based on what you collect and how you use this information in order to update your knowledge on certain cities. You can optimize your intervention. So this is really the issue of posse and Q Regan. They look at the identification of let's say efficient efficient strategies for collecting information by looking really at the precision of the of the information you get from different techniques and you can represent this very very nicely in a given context. Santa defines a member of society with the name Tom and he is rational. This is a claim and and Tom is collecting information about the deterioration of the bridge in order to optimize his decision making utilizing a couple of different types of monitoring devices to control. Well the bridge is is deteriorating beyond what is reasonable. Here in Conakley and myself here. Katarina is looking at more or less the same type of problem as posse and Q Regan. But also looking at simple parallel systems and serious systems where we have the possibility to not only collect information about one component but collect information about several components. And then of course depending on the the dependencies between the components and their performances this information can be affecting our probabilistic models of the other components as well. So so Daniel who oops sorry who's with this paper here looks into looks into the the formulation of of the of the equations which we're utilizing in order to calculate the expected values and their pin points that of course instead of just integrating our our weight utility is is is is is as you would be inclined when you see the equations you immediately also realize that this integration can be transformed into a series of of let's say typical and well-known operations using structural reliability theory. So by identifying the relevant limit state functions which are involved and go into the calculation of the expected value of consequences. There seems to well it's it's quite obvious that some significant benefits also in terms of computational efforts can be achieved. And then also some directions on how to achieve efficient numerical treatment of of of these probability integrals using simulation techniques. In Rollscore Joan who's sitting over there the main topic is to utilize forecasting models which are of course associated with a significant uncertainty as a basis for taking action on reducing expected value of losses in the context of falling ice from cable stays on large cable stay bridges. Yeah and in the last paper here which it's not actually published yet so but it will be at the icosar. It's it's really a kind of of of similar work in some ways as the as the approach suggested by by Daniel where the where the calculation of of the expected values the expected benefits are undertaken in terms of structural reliability methods. But then where also a generic model is introduced on how to represent deterioration of of systems of structural components. Sorry not systems is formulated and it's shown in in let's say in in a very simple way how the different operations are to be undertaken in the decision analysis. Right concluding in principle value of information analysis is it's just another way of of of of describing let's say some of the outputs from preposterior decision analysis. So it's that there's there's nothing fundamentally let's say new in value of information analysis. It just comes out of of preposterior decision analysis and it was utilized already heavily and it has been over the last 25 years. And there's a lot of let's say ideas and and approaches which could or could not be very useful also for this project here. The preposterior decision analysis has been applied to a number of different structural health monitoring problems already with success. I think what can be said is that in principle it's straightforward to formulate the decision problems in principle. When it's only in principle it's because that those formulations are hardly to be found anywhere. So it's a sad reality that we are instrumenting structures every day but we actually we we we hardly care to formulate why we do it. Not are we not able to quantify the benefit of it but we are not even able so we don't even care to formulate why are we actually doing it and in what context are we really going to apply the information. In this paper this overall study this paper is relatively new from 2013. Likewise in the conclusions of Daniel's paper it's highlighted that maybe at some point in time someone should try to not only quantify the value of information but also quantify the analysis of value of information in terms of benefit. So what is the actual benefit of going through the efforts of undertaking a value of information analysis? We need simply to provide methods so clear and tools so easy and to disseminate whatever we find here in such a way that these approaches this way of thinking will be much better anchored and distributed. Major challenges of course the computational efforts these event decision trees they generally explode. They become really big very easily and the one shown by Sebastian well it was called generic but I you know in a way yes it is generic but all the different types of decision analysis context where we are looking at structural health monitoring. They are in principle very very complex because you have all the possibilities in the world to collect additional information and do this and do that depending on what you find and depending on a lot of other things which may happen in the meantime. So well we need to try to find a way of describing this in a categorized manner which we can then find solutions for the categories. Now and lots of idealizations. The only last thing I wanted to say is concerns the necessity that we look into other disciplines like in the economics theory where of course they do lots of decision analysis for instance in options real options analysis. We found something when we were working for Annette and and Kassu Kassu Yoshinishima they found some very useful techniques from options analysis they call stochastic meshing in order to analyze these very very large event or decision event trees. And similar techniques may also be applicable for the type of applications we are looking at here but there could also be other things hiding in some other scientific fields so we need to be open for that. Okay I didn't take two hours I intended to take ten minutes so I guess I'm good thanks for your attention.