here's a little trivia. I was watching a video and they were talking about filler words uh is a filler word when you say uh you're kind of like searching for a word uh filler word and people use these different filler words at different times so like I said uh is a filler word and it's knowing what you need to say but you're searching for the word that's when when people will go uh you're searching right um is a little different um is a holding pattern it's trying to work out the direction you want to go in that conversation and like people will say they might say oh that you know that looks like chicken or something like that that's fine that's a different way of using it but when you say something for example I was at like the library yesterday no you weren't like at the library yesterday you were at the library yesterday but that's another filler word but you could say you know that looks like a brick and it's a cinder block now that's different um but we hear the word like often as a filler word in today's society it can be annoying as fuck you know every generation had their own words so you know don't get too tied up over it right as folks these days can't even complete a sentence without using like exactly and that's what I was talking about and it can be annoying it can be like annoying right if you have to say like why not I'd much rather hear a pause like if somebody were to say that it's like annoying why not just go it's like annoying you don't sound incoherent when you eliminate the word like but I guess people don't really notice or care and I wonder if it's the product of the dumbing down of society you know what do you guys think I found it interesting because you know all of us use you know those those I just use one right there you know you know it's like um it's a it's a it's a holding pattern word you know trying to work out the direction you want to go in the conversation most of us use you know or uh or um but I think many of us try to limit how often we say those words right being a psychology major and studying psychology I find it fascinating you know the words that we use why we say what we say why do we do what we do this is one of the things Ali catches me all the time if I hear a certain idiosyncrate phrase that just like you can bet your bottom dollar right where did that come from well it came from the 1920s 1930s during the great depression crash of the stock market money was tight it better be a sure bet if you can bet your bottom dollar and that's where that came from and that's the kind of thing I find interesting is expressions like that etymologies of words that you know the origin of how this word came about even people's names the origin of people's names right some of our children can't read cursive that's true and if they can't read it they sure certainly can't write it definitely dumbing down of the following generations making them dependent on electronics I agree I agree but a lot of people won't admit that it's it's not something easily admittable too because they don't realize they're even doing it when they're doing it I think a lot of us will use like I said certain words we will use and I do say you know occasionally but I try to limit that and I try to limit my arms and uh but I'm guilty of all that too it seems like the way they talked back you know in the early I said it you know again back in the early 1900s they had a finer control of linguistics of the use of language and it sounded more intelligent hey baby there you are you know when you you say you know that's the start of a sentence though so it's not actually you know the filler thing where does y'all fit into all of this that's a good question I never looked into that depends whereabouts in the sentence it is high y'all is the start of and it's a welcome hi y'all um or y'all so I think I think it's just saying you all isn't it so it's maybe not a filler word it doesn't what doesn't bother me is when people say all y'all I and I realize how redundant that is all of you all all y'all I just find it I don't know I just kind of find find it kind of silly but it doesn't bother me the way people use that word like I think people need to take more time to think before I speak I totally love this and I totally agree it's okay to have silence in between and during a conversation while somebody's gathering their thoughts and figuring out what they want to say I'm totally cool with that but some people think that the conversation has to constantly flow it doesn't I'm with you on that I'm glad you guys found that interesting at least we feel is about feeling each other with the energy you know when you pause a little bit you know and the other thing is when you've got somebody who talks a lot and somebody who doesn't really you know that everybody needs to pause a little bit because it's the art of conversation so that other people can join in and interject with it otherwise you can't it's not a flow of everybody nobody gets a chance so you're right you're right I agree with you as well Linda makes a good point how about double negatives when people say something like I didn't do nothing here's the prime example of a double negative in music and it was like a number one song on a number one album it was by Pink Floyd and you guys have all heard the song we don't need no education and all these people are singing along with it but it's a double negative and what it actually means is we need to be educated it's so redundant but people dug it and it became a we don't need no education do not know so that do not is one negative no education is another one so they cancel each other which means yeah we that's what a double negative is two negatives cancel each other and it becomes you know you just remove the negatives from the sentence and you have what the meaning is we don't need no education is we need education I always always always had it the opposite way around I I thought it was because I obviously didn't know that principle here's another here's another one that is interesting too and for the longest time I was guilty of doing this I would misuse the words you me for example me and Tom went to the creek the other day no it's Tom and I went to the creek and it's all you have to do on that situation is remove the other person I went to the creek yesterday and you know how to say that and it's always the other person first followed by you or the other people followed by you I corrected a friend of mine Bob Wong who said yeah me and me and Dara are going to the the movies tonight I said no it's Dara Darlene and I are going to him he goes no because I'm more important I um I'm I definitely don't do things on the politically correct thing yeah and I'd hate to criticize me you know to every single thing be criticized and I know I'm I don't do that to you no we don't um not at all no yeah but uh yeah this is just for conversation


Hey guys, Shabber 1000 here. Today, we're going to check out this LED nightlight. Yes, it's for your commode. Let's see if it works. OK guys, so Monkey was at a patient's house, and she said they had one of these things. And it clips on your toilet. She said it was really neat. It is motion sensor. You've got eight colors and two color modes. It's water resistant, and it's LED. So it takes three AAA batteries, and I'm sure they're not included. So let's open it up, and then we'll get some batteries, and we'll see how well it works. This is, we got this at the five below store. I think it was five bucks, like most of the stuff in there pretty much is, but OK, so here's our little deal. And we've got, that's it. We've got this little instruction booklet. You got to fit it to the toilet. Adjust length of arm right size. Adjust length of arm right size. Whatever the hell that's supposed to mean. Turn out the lights. Light bowl only works in the dark. When it detects movement, it will turn on and stay on for two minutes after last movement. If the lights are on, the light bowl will stay off saving, off saving. There's no off saving the batteries for when you need them the most. OK, your light bowl will work best if sensor is facing the door. Some locations may be better than OTHST as needed, than OST as needed. Whatever the hell that is supposed to mean. Insert batteries right size arm to hang light bowl on the rim of the toilet, OK? So I kind of read that backwards, but we get the idea. Set color or let them rotate. So it says set the button to the out position to cycle colors. Press the button. Wow, that was close. Did you hear that? Storming like hell, guys. Press the button in to set to a single color when desired color is visible. All right, well, let's open this up. She really liked it when she seen that. She said, oh, that's one of them lights. She wanted to get one because her patient had one. So right here's the cover. So let's get a screwdriver and take this out and put some batteries in it. OK, so we've got our three batteries here. Are they the right size? OK, trip away, yes. So we're going to take this screw out. Shit, monkey message made a little bit ago. She's at a patient's house with a flat tire. And I'm on the phone trying to tell her how to use the jack. And I said, well, just go ahead. And there's an air compressor in the back of the trucks. I'm trying to tell her how to plug that up to the battery. And she got it going. And it would only go up to 20 pounds.  And she says, yeah, it's sizzling pretty good. So her patient apparently called someone to see if they can come over and change the tire for her. So hopefully she can get that taken care of. But there's the light right on the end of that. That will go down in your bowl like that. So I don't know where the sensor is. But it says it's got to be dark. Let's shut some lights off in here. OK, it came on. All right, it's not changing. OK, it says, let me turn this light on real quick so we can read what's going on here. So it says, set the button to the out position to cycle colors. How do you know? See, it's the same distance.  Press button in to set to a single color when desired color is visible. Well, let's try this again. There's green. Let's see if it'll change. It's changing. Well, let's go put it in the toilet and see what happens. There it is. It just hangs on the edge there. And it is changing. I think I'll just leave it to change. And I'll see if the light shuts off. It's supposed to be two minutes after there's no movement. So we're going to... I don't know how if I can sneak up on it. All right, let's leave it for two minutes. Alexa, set timer for two minutes. Two minutes, starting now. OK, guys, it's been two minutes. And the light is off because I already peaked in. See if I can get you in here without moving it. Now, it's supposed to be motion activated. So let's walk in and see if the light kicks on. And it did. OK, so... I mean, it's not clear dark in here, but... I mean, we can tell once you walk in, I mean, you pretty much know where it is. So that's pretty cool. And it's changing colors. All right, all right, I like it. So, yeah, that's pretty cool.  There we go. Kick these on. All right, guys, there you go. There's another review. It's still storming outside. Got some rain and some wind. Lights have been flickering. Waiting to hear back from Monkey, make sure everything's going to be all right with her. I don't have any way to go get her. So hopefully she can get somebody to come change that tire for her and get it home here so I can figure out what we're going to do next. So, all right, guys. Thanks for watching. Remember, check out Monkey 1000's channel and I'm going to say Shae Bear, the myth, the man, the legend, I'm gone for now. Hope you guys have a great weekend. Take care and bye-bye.


We have to set the Constitution into its historical framework to gain a deeper understanding from how it was handled and the actions of governance and amendment that follow from its being written and ratified. To begin, I would have to bring in modern observation that has bearing. A government that has no people, has no power, no authority, and no control over its own resources. The potency of government comes from the people, no matter what its political form or claim to sovereignty. A government whose people have no power can gain none from them, and will also necessarily be without any real power or authority. Where the British government had taken action to reap economic benefits from the American colonies, it had effectively oppressed its own citizens. Not having learned from the lesson from King John's attempt to oppress the Barons, an effort that yielded the English Magna Carta, that government had to again face rebellion. This time it was by the people of the American colonies. I note this because the United States has not learned from this either. It has divided the people against each other and has selected one side to support while oppressing the other. Hopefully with a little more perspective, we can avoid the need to enter into armed conflict to resolve our political problems. That path has always proven to be horribly expensive. The colonial settlers were not commonly educated or otherwise versed in the common law and probably only had a vague understanding of what sovereignty really meant. Yet they found themselves represented by state legislatures and those representatives had signed the new constituting agreement to create a United States. The citizens were faced with a whole new concept of citizenship, one that reversed the relationship they had with the British government. This did not appear to be common knowledge and many leaders still maintained their earlier understanding of sovereign government purpose. A sovereign citizen under this constitution is not the subject of national governance, but the owner of the nation. Instead of the citizens legally owing allegiance to this government, the government and its leaders owe allegiance to the citizens. The colonials were not informed of this prior to signing the constitution that initiated this new government. Did they ever come to understand it? There was no apparent effort to provide the knowledge to common citizens and even a large part of the more educated leadership seemed unsure of the new sovereignty relationship their constitution had initiated. In fact, there had been no concerted effort to provide this type of foundation to citizens until quite recently. This course of study is part of that effort. Its purpose is not simply informational, but development for young citizens as they grow into effective adult citizens who are then able to take a more direct part in self-governance. With this lack of understanding the confusion of relations, the effort to amend and improve the constitution for the protection of common citizens began during the convention that proposed the new constitution. For perspective, this was such a radical change that even the people who were putting it forth for signature had difficulty with the concept of sovereign citizens. They're rightfully worried about whether others like themselves might find the concept so troubling that they simply ignored it and treated citizens as subjects of government under this new agreement. The founders realized they had an immediate problem, a challenge that setting the new government into place did not resolve. Even as they realized that they could not resolve their differences in legal slavery, they also had no solution to the ignorance of the people as to their ownership of the nation. Both slavery and legal ignorance were known problems that were simply passed down to the following generations for eventual resolution. As a side matter, resolving these problems was not even a constitutional purpose. The purpose of the central document was arranging and establishing the government and it included unifying the people and states for the benefit of the people. Focus on the people's divisions and disagreements could only be counterproductive. As a forerunner to our study of the amendments, we have to address the results of the common ignorance concerning the sovereignty of the people. It results in attempts to use the constitution to defeat its own stated purposes. It results in government leaders attempting to act as sovereigns to the detriment of the people who are governed. As long term results, we have an avoidance of public education on the subject wherever it might constrain those who would rule over the people. The very concept of development and empowerment of we the people has been actively discouraged and there is little official support for the purpose of empowering the next generation of citizens even though this is a universal purpose of people. We have some performance rules to apply in our ongoing analysis of law and government and these are essentially universal. The first principle already encountered is that the people are the public. Those things that the people are forbidden to do are or are powerless to do, they are unable to legally authorize or empower the government to do in their name. Where the government or its leaders would act in violation of this principle, they act in misrepresentation of the people. As a light principle, any government order that people must be compelled to obey is in violation of citizen sovereignty. If the people would not do it on their own then the government order is open and obvious misrepresentation. This does not address criminal or tort law where certain behaviors are banned with the active support of the public but acts of government that address regulatory enforcement. As intruency laws where the government arranges for legal punishment for those who would withhold their children from public schooling, it includes like regulation of non-public schools so that they must accept the purposes and restrictions of public education. Consider the legality of the U.S. courts ordering the bustling of children to satisfy the purpose of racial policy. Where is this policy? What public does it support? If the sovereignty of the citizen must be ordered to comply, then it is not what the common citizen supports. Such actions are just beyond proper authority of the court. They are beyond the authority of the people to even delegate it to their government. It has gone so far as laws that forbid people to gather as militias without government direction. Our Constitution is not just a document authorizing and limiting government. It is an agreement by and among the people. We the people on how we are to govern ourselves. We are the source of all government authority and all the powers and our leaders can ever have under our Constitution. Our history demonstrates in stark terms that our government leaders have not been willing to represent us in the past and are likely to avoid representing us in the present and future until we recognize our own personal potency as citizens. As a third practical rule, to empower citizens will also empower their representatives and disempower those who do not represent us. Our leadership has, as a general direction of sovereignty, acted to represent created beings, corporate entities instead of citizens. There will be reaction to the teachings of this course and it will likely come from corporate sources rather than from people acting as citizens. Citizens own the government. They do not have to be paid to see to their personal interests though insisting that their government represents and supports them. There are many others who are paid to represent other interests. This is not a theory. It is a witness of our history. Employment law, the balancing of corporate and labor interests, is just a witness to not supporting the people as individuals. Our final rule comes from performance studies. People working together in coordinated efforts are more than twice as effective as people working as individuals. People working against each other can only accomplish what other sides cannot prevent. There is no less effective approach than dividing into competing efforts, which has become common for our nation. It continues through government, even with the government of the United States being ordained and established for the purpose of perfecting the union. The very operation of our government is put to the test. Can two neighbors legally decide to invade the home of their joint neighbor, stripping him of his rights and taking what is his because the two of them agree it serves some public purpose? If people cannot do this as individuals, then they cannot authorize their government to do it in their name. This is the very nature of sovereignty. You cannot vote away the rights of your neighbors and a majority vote does not authorize government to ignore the sovereignty of the citizen. Our government is to serve, not to rule.  If they cannot do such a thing as individuals, they cannot authorize our government to do it in their name. Such things are the strictures that the common law would put upon a government over a sovereign people. It is no wonder that many of the states have declared that their legislated laws have replaced the common law. It is the very definition of a sovereign authority that sovereign legislation overcomes any documented restrictions.  So a supermajority can act against even a sovereign citizen. This is the basis for criminal law, a realization that there are such disruptive behaviors that the people will not allow these to continue. This is the basis for requiring a jury in our government proceedings against a sovereign citizen. We have this basis in law, even if our leaders would prefer to act as rulers. Our solution is not revolution. A man does not have to revolt against what he owns. He just takes charge and uses what is his. This requires only two things, that the man realize that it is his and that the man has a purpose for using what he owns. This course is designed to provide that sense of ownership that comes with being a sovereign citizen. The purpose must be your own. If it is a purpose that is common to all citizen owners, then it will also become the purpose of those who represent the citizens. With this understanding, we are able to look back at the original Bill of Rights and Amendments in perspective of the times and with the sense of both our purpose and our accomplishments.


University Models for Research Identifiers. Remarks by Deanna Markham at the 160th ARL membership meeting. Convened by Lorraine Harry-Cohm. Welcome to this session titled University Models for Research Identifiers. I'm Lorraine J. Harry-Cohm, Dean of the Library of State University of Kansas. And I'm pleased to introduce to you this morning Deanna Markham who likely doesn't need any introduction to any of us. A colleague that we all know very well. In her role as managing director for Ithaca S. Plazar. Deanna is with us this morning to talk about Ithaca's work with ORCAT. To determine an acceptable business model to the university community. There will be time at the end of Deanna's presentation for questions and discussion. And I think we're ready to go right into the session if that's okay with Deanna. Good morning everyone. I would prefer standing out there. But I think it's hard to hear in this room particularly with the background noise. So I'll stand behind this barrier and forgive me. I had been at Ithaca for two days. When Craig Van Dyke from the board of ORCAT called and said, I understand you have a new role now and we need some help. Can you help us? I really knew almost nothing about ORCAT when he called. I have to admit I had heard about ORCAT being formed. ORCAT stands for Open Researcher and Contributor ID. In case you don't know what that full name means. I did give them a lot of credit for a nice acronym. I thought ORCAT was really nice. I went to meet with the board in January. And they told me that they had hired a consultant to develop a business model. They thought it was a really good business model. They were well on their way. Then they made a presentation at a CNI meeting I think last spring, a year ago in the spring. And they learned in that meeting that a membership model didn't work for government agencies. Government agencies can't become members of things. So that really startled them and they decided it would be really helpful to have someone talk to universities and find out if the business model that had been proposed would work for universities or did universities have another business model they preferred. Because this is to be a 501C3 organization. It is made up, the board is made up of representatives from funding agencies, government agencies, the library community and the publishing community. And their mission, they have a long mission statement, but essentially their mission is they will create a central registry of unique identifiers for authors and contributors, thereby solving the disambiguation problem. And they go on to say that their goal is to connect, to be a kind of Uber service. Jay, Jordan and I were joking this morning that unique identifier is kind of an oxymoron since there are so many unique identifiers floating out there. But their plan is to have this overarching service that allows local systems, whatever they are using to connect to this overarching system and we will all know exactly who this author is. So I want all of you to understand fully that I am not representing orchid, I am not selling orchid, I am simply reporting on the results of our survey. We decided that in order to figure out if this business model was acceptable to people, we needed to make a series of phone calls. We agreed on a number and I also want to assure you that this is a non-scientific, non-random sample, non-everything you can imagine kind of study. Simply put, I called all of you and I said I'm trying to find the person on your campus who knows something about how you are managing identity systems. The most interesting part of this study is that to a person, these were the typical reactions. That's a really interesting question. I should know the answer to it but I don't know who's responsible on our campus. We're so decentralized, we have so many people who are working on this. I can't give you a single name. Other people said I'll get back to you but all of you were terrific. I simply could not have figured this out on my own because there really aren't central locations on campuses for this kind of work. Lorraine was wonderful at the University of Kansas. She ended up putting together a whole room full of people for me to talk to. What happened in this study is that I went from one person to another to another to another. So I thought I would be making 20, 25 phone calls and I made many, many, many, many, many phone calls in order to figure out what was actually going on on the campuses. On campuses where there's a medical school, there are completely different operations. In general, and I should also say, we submitted the report to ORCID on April 1st. The Board of ORCID meets on May 16th or 17th in Boston. So I am not really talking about the results that we submitted to ORCID because ORCID has to accept those results and then decide if it's going to distribute the report or not. I don't know what they will do with it. But I thought it would be interesting to talk to you about identity systems in general and what I think libraries might do to take a leadership role on the campus because what became really clear is that there were two kinds, institutions fall into two categories. There are those that want to buy something, plug it in and forget it. So companies like Academic Analytics have sold systems to a lot of universities and in talking to several provosts, the response was we need to know who has published what. We need to be able to look at productivity of our faculty. We need to be able to track faculty activity going back to institutions before they came here and going through institutions they'll go to after they've been here. We need help of figuring out Asian names particularly. Is this park or Kim, the same park or Kim in 50,000 other articles? We need that but we don't want to spend a lot of time thinking about it. On the other side there are universities that are thinking very hard about analytics of all kinds. They're developing systems on their campuses. They want to control that system. They want to be able to put data in and take data out and run the kinds of reports they want to run. So they want a system they have a lot of control over and develop. I think that's next door. One of the most telling things to me when I was talking to the Board of Orchid, they kept assuring me that they did not want this to be seen as a library matter. They wanted this to be viewed as a university issue. They did not want the membership fee for Orchid to come from the library budget. They wanted it to come from the university budget. But when I looked at what's happening on university campuses, the only place where this issue is really understood is in the library. The directors of research don't actually get this. Provost are aware of it but would like to keep it over here somewhere. When I looked for instances of success with the use of Orchid or implementing Orchid, it was at a health science library where the librarian had taken this on as a cause and was using the system to develop a data management system for his institution. So it occurred to me that this is an opportunity for libraries to think about this issue. There was to be a session following this one where Cliff Lynch was going to talk about identity systems generally. And I was feeling so happy about that because I think it's really important that this whole issue be discussed thoroughly by this community. But Cliff was caught in the storms and can't get to Chicago, so I think you get coffee instead of Cliff this morning. So I'll do a little bit of thinking about this broader issue with you and then I hope you will help others think about it too. The university's interest in identity systems is to track faculty publications to find a standard way to submit proposals to funding agencies, particularly government agencies. They're interested in benchmarking productivity and developing university analytics of various kinds. For the researcher, the advantage is if a system like this worked, you would have one identity number that you use for everything and you wouldn't have to figure out what am I supposed to do with this particular grant application or report to the university. It would be a relatively easy way to create bibliographies of your work to present to whatever forum you needed to present it to. But it's in the library where this issue has been dealt with for decades, if not centuries. We actually know something about identity systems. We've been using them for a long time. We know how to link them. We know how to produce bibliographies from them. It's hard, I think, for us to make our knowledge better utilized on the campus unless we get involved in these issues at the campus level. There are some serious issues with identity systems. Going down to the article level and tracking faculty productivity from year one to year end makes a lot of faculty very uncomfortable. They don't think this is such a great idea. There are also questions about what the university would be doing with this information. And even though it's supposed to be for submitting proposals and just keeping track of who's who, there are a lot of things that could be done with this information if collected universally. There are also systems that are being developed in other parts of the world. Orchid is supposed to be an international system. And I did talk in my telephone calls, I talked to European, Asian, and North American institutions. The ISNI, the International Standard Name Identifier, is developing a lot of momentum, particularly in the UK and in other parts of Europe as well. In Asia, there is very little understanding of the unique identifier issue. It was hard to explain what this was all about to some of the institutions I talked to. So the question I would pose for you is what is our interest in this? Data management becomes an important issue on campuses when we heard the three panelists at the end of the day yesterday. The theme that ran through their presentations is we are developing all of these data. We're working with collaborators from many different disciplines. Our work is collected in new and interesting ways who will take care of this and manage it. Name identifiers is one important piece of it, but it's pretty small piece. Is there a way that libraries can become more important in that data management process generally? And then I would ask, we have had name authorities in libraries since God was a boy or something. I don't know, a long time. The concern is that we've focused mostly on authors of monographs for our name authorities. But can't we be expansive enough to maybe do a little better than that and build on what we already have? We've invested an enormous amount of money in authority files in libraries. And how are those fitting into these systems is a question I would ask. And finally, I would ask a question of all of you that was asked by many people I talked to. How many separate institutions, organizations, I shouldn't say institutions, how many separate organizations are we going to support as a library community? Here is another organization that is being formed that will require infrastructure. It will require people. And several librarians particularly asked, well, is there a way that some of these organizations can be combined so that the functions can be taken care of, but we don't have to create separate institutions? So I will stop there. We can talk about anything you'd like to talk about, but that's where this study is. I will say one more thing. When we submitted our report, we described in great detail the conversations we had with each institution. And we said, A, no one has any basic disagreement with the business model. That was our question. Is this business model acceptable? Answer, yes. We've seen this many times before. We do this all the time in universities. We support these kinds of things. But there are major issues to be addressed. And I told them in the report that the first problem you will have is finding the right person to talk to on the campus. And you need to be ready to invest a lot of time looking for that person. But I went into great detail about each discussion and then posed a series of questions for Orchid to think about. Thank you for listening. Music was provided by Josh Woodward. For more talks from this meeting, please visit www.arl.org.


U.S. and its European allies, I offered all these troop and arms cuts in Europe. I sincerely deal with the problems that he has in his own country. What do you think about the troop reduction, Mr. President? Man, in 5,000 battle tanks in Europe, this we've only heard, the same as you've heard, that he has been suggesting doing something of this kind and it remains to be seen. Do you think that this will get the conventional talks underway? Is this the kind of dramatic step that could get the talks underway, sir? What do you think our allies will think of that plan? Do unilaterally produce Soviet forces in the Indian Republic? Is this given a very large propaganda advantage since we are not prepared to make a similar kind of dramatic step, sir? I don't say that we are not prepared. There have been no negotiations. This is a unilateral act on their part, but we have often discussed the ideas. Well, how will you react? What do you think of a UN role in the Afghan settlement and moving up the deadline to January 1st, 1989? Would we stop supplying the guerrillas on January 1st in some sort of an agreement as he has proposed? Again, we're asking about things that we haven't discussed. He said the AFAC decision was wrong, Mr. President. But it's the kind of therapy. In Eastern Europe? Well, it's a large unilateral reduction, Mr. Bush. Find out what he's talking about. Isn't it so? He sounds like he wants to meet with you, but he's going to have one right in here. Isn't it good? It doesn't get better. I expect that we're going to have a substantive meeting. This is not serious. President Gorbachev, what is not serious? I think we have to go into our meeting. And I just want to say that fifth and final meeting with President Gorbachev and myself accomplished much. There are other things still to do. And I'm also interested in the fact that President Bush could be here with us. Can you tell us something more? When we add to what the President just said, if we score any points, we can do it only together. If we try to score points alone, nothing good will happen. Mr. Vice President, what response would you give President Gorbachev? Welcome, Gorbachev. I'm talking to the Vice President.


Need to understand the hierarchy overview? Check this out. So you start at the workspace level where you organize your work. And within workspaces you have spaces which are dedicated areas for projects or teams. Inside spaces, lists keep tasks organized. Each list holds individual tasks which can be further divided into subtasks. And you can use docs for collaborative documents within any level. This intuitive hierarchy helps streamline your workflow.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss a question which says In answering a question on a multiple-choice test a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let 3 over 4 be the probability that he knows the answer and 1 over 4 be the probability that he guesses Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer Will be correct with probability 1 over 4. What is the probability that the student knows the answer Given that he answered it correctly So let's start the solution now according to the question a student either knows the answer or guesses Let 3 by 4 be the probability that he knows the answer and 1 over 4 be the probability that he guesses the answer so let even be the event that The student knows answer to be the event that he guesses the answer then probability of even is equal to 3 over 4 and probability of e2 is equal to 1 over 4 again Let a be the event of getting a correct answer now probability of the event a Given even has occurred that is probability that the student giving correct answer knows it is equal to 1 Because when the student knows the answer he will always give the correct answer Again according to the question a Student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 1 over 4 so probability of The event a given e2 has occurred that is probability that the student giving Correct answer guesses answer is equal to 1 over 4 now we have to find The probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly is given by probability of even upon a therefore By Bayes theorem. We have probability of even Upon a is equal to probability of even Into probability of a upon even over probability of even into probability of a upon even plus probability of e2 into probability of a upon e2 Now we have probability of even is 3 upon 4 and probability of e2 is 1 upon 4 and probability of a upon even is 1 and probability of a upon e2 is 1 over 4 So on substituting these values we have probability of even upon a is equal to 3 upon 4 Into 1 over 3 upon 4 into 1 Plus 1 upon 4 into 1 upon 4 and this is equal to 3 over 4 upon 12 Plus 1 over 16 and this is again equal to 3 over 4 into 16 over 13 and This is again equal to 12 over 13 Hence the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly is 12 over 13 So this is the answer for the above question This completes our session. I hope you have enjoyed the session. Bye and have a nice day


Welcome to DataBC, where you can find and download data, create projects, share your work with others, and find tools and apps created with BC government data. So, how do you use DataBC? There are a number of ways to search for the data that you're looking for. You can do a keyword search. You can use the tag cloud. You can navigate through the site using the carousel or drill down within the categories on the home page. Let's do a keyword search. So here, you'll see all the results for emissions. Scroll through the results and pick the data set that best fits what you're looking for. Here, you can read about the data, download the data, review the data, and even start a project. At any point in time, you can also write a review. The DataBC team will see the reviews and respond to your comments, so your feedback is important. Let's download the file. Now that you've downloaded the data, you can start a project. Not sure where to start? This page will help you figure it out. From defining your project to launching it, you'll find really useful info here. If you feel you need inspiration while you're developing your app, check out the community section. Connect with the OpenDataBC group on Google, follow DataBC on Twitter, check out the latest blogs and more.


Hey everyone, welcome back to another episode of Prime News. I actually have something I want you guys to do before we get into it, because we have eight big stories for you today. One of the biggest episodes of Prime News, maybe ever in the history of the channel. Because of that, I want you to go down there and hit that like button. Seriously, drop a like. I have a goal to make this the most liked video on the channel here in, well, 2020. Now, I don't even know how many likes that's going to take. 500, 800, 1000. I have no idea. Also, I heard something like likes make videos go viral. And if we're ever going to get to 70,000, or if you want to help us get to that road to 100,000, we need to get videos to go viral, whatever that even means. So drop likes, especially if you really enjoy these Prime News episodes. Also, hey look, it doesn't hurt that we're also doing a giveaway, right? Two copies. Super Mario 3D All-Stars. Winner announced on, well, February 11th, the day before announced, both winners, two of them. So yeah, let's open a worldwide. Details down in the description. Let's get into this. I have so many notes here. In fact, this very first story is about the Sony financials because their third quarter report has come in. And man, oh man, do we have some PlayStation 5 data? A bunch of interesting stuff. Graphs galore going to be popping up for you guys when it's appropriate. Let's get into this. First off, the PlayStation 5 has shipped 4.5 million units. Through December 31st, 2020. And we could just presume it means it sold through 4.5 million because yeah, Sony's selling literally everything they throw out. Next up, the PlayStation 4 actually shipped the exact same amount of units during its launch quarter back in 2013. So they're doing the same amount of shipments, which is crazy considering the demand. You would hope they would increase, but it is what it is. They have sold 18.4 million first-party games sold during the holiday season between the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. Their active PlayStation network users has reached 114 million users. However, that's how many people are paying for PlayStation Plus. PlayStation Plus subscriptions are at 47.4 million, which is nearly a 10 million increase over the same period in 2019. PlayStation 4 total sales. The cumulative sales of PlayStation 4 have surpassed, surprise, surprise, PlayStation 1, which sold around 105 million. PlayStation 4's total is at 115.1 million. This is extremely important to remember because, hey, look, PlayStation 4 sales are going to drop off a cliff with PlayStation 5 in its first full year. So these are pretty close, maybe an extra million or so, on what the final sales figures are going to be. Likely going to fall just short of passing the Game Boy, but still, it's the second best-selling PlayStation in PlayStation history behind the PlayStation 2. We also know here that for its final sales period, where it's really going to matter for the holidays, the PlayStation 4 did sell 1.4 million units. We now know the PlayStation 5 is currently being sold at a loss. This has officially been reported by Sony themselves. Here's a quick glance at Sony's revenue breakdown for games and network services. 23% of its hardware is their revenue, but 29% is actually from add-on content. This is microtransactions DLC. Hardware numbers are actually flat-lined with what it was last year, but to see that increase on microtransactions and DLC shows that Sony's Game Division makes a majority of its money right now, either from selling hardware or from, hey, look, go buy a skin in a game or go buy some DLC. Next up after that is 20% of their revenue comes from the digital software, so digital sales of games, 20% of revenue comes from that. 11% of revenue comes from subscriptions, so PlayStation Plus. Next up after that is 7% on accessories, and only 6% for package software. This always brings up the question like, is it time to move on from package software and go digital only? Well, the profitability of digital games is a lot higher. This doesn't state the digital games outsell physical, which they might and probably do, but they are massively more profitable than physical games, so you're going to see profit margins favor digital regardless. This is the best quarter, by the way, ever for Sony's Game Division in terms of revenue and profit, and here's a chart showing that. As you can see, it just slightly beat out a couple quarters back, so yeah, Sony is crushing it better than they've ever crushed it before, at least from the games division. Sony is obviously a much larger company and isn't at their peak of profitability they've ever been at as a company. All right, next up we have 87% of PlayStation 5 users are subbed to PlayStation Plus, so we talked about what those figures are like before with the 47 plus million PlayStation Plus subscribers, but it turns out if you own a PlayStation 5, 4.5 million sold, 87% of those users are part of PlayStation Plus. Miles Morales, we got some sales figures for that now. It's at 4.1 million in sales across both platforms. The goal for the current quarter is to ship 3 million PlayStation 5s from right now through March 31st. That would actually put it launch aligned with exactly what they did with the PlayStation 4, so through its first holiday and next quarter PlayStation 4 shipped 7.5 million units. They're looking to do the same thing with PlayStation 5. Again, I would like to see them increase those numbers, but they're choosing to stick with the PlayStation 4 trajectory, assuming they're going to catch up eventually to demand at some point later in 2021. A lot of analysts are saying that, hey look, we're going to have shortages on this into the second half of 2021.  Next up, I need to give a shout out to Daniel Ahmed. He's a senior analyst at Nica Partners. He gave us all the graphs and all this information. It's right there on his Twitter profile. Shout out to him. You guys might better know him as ZHugeX, user at Fortmly at Neogath now at Reset Era, but he does a lot of his stuff now on Twitter. He kind of doesn't do as much on the forum space. So there you go. Thank you, man, for all that info. Let's get into a second story. And I need to actually reference my notes again. Mass Effect Legendary Edition is coming out on May 14th on every single platform, PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X, etc. S, Butt Switch for now. There's actually a ton of changes to the trilogy of games. And here's, screw it, look at the trailer. But obviously the stuff that will stand out is that on certain platforms, it'll be in 4K at 60 FPS, plus a lot of visual overhauls and changes that you may or may not love, depending on if you enjoyed these changes. Honestly, just watch that footage that you're seeing now to get an idea. Also, they have not ruled out a Switch version. When talking about this yesterday, they noted that while they are focused on the current versions and haven't even thought about Switch yet, they haven't ruled it out, and they plan to at least try to make it work down the line. If it seems feasible. They are releasing this on PlayStation 4, Xbox One. So there is actually hope for Switch people out there. So honestly, we have hope. We're going to keep the hope alive. Otherwise, enjoy it on the other platforms when it comes out. I am actually considering picking this up because, hey look, I like Mass Effect. So why not get the best versions of that original trilogy? We could just forget Andromeda ever existed, because what a mess that was. Alright, next up we have our first review in for Super Mario 3D All-Stars. Now, this comes from Famitsu. We always get our very first review from Famitsu. The game with Bowser's Fury, so Super Mario 3D World Plus Bowser's Fury, got a 36 out of 40 from Famitsu. It's a little strange because they go on to praise the Bowser's Fury mode in their review, but the original release on Wii U got a 38 out of 40. So it actually scored worse even though they seemed to like it better. Did Super Mario 3D World not age very well? That is something to consider, but again, this is just Famitsu. We should have other reviews coming in a week from all the other major outlets out there, and we'll obviously address that, maybe even in its own individual video, briefly probably brought up in another Prime News episode. There you go, Super Mario 3D All-Stars is scoring worse than it did Super Mario 3D All-Stars. See, guys, you caught me in this error before. I know what's happening. Super Mario 3D World, Super Mario 3D All-Stars, what are you doing to me, Nintendo? What are you doing to me? You're scrambling my brain.  Get out of my head, please. All right, let's get back into the important stuff. Apex Legends has finally had its release date. Confirm for Nintendo Switch, when we have some additional information as well. It is coming out on March 9th. That's right, next month. So that rumored February 2nd, February 8th, February 12th. It's not coming this month. It's coming March 9th. However, we have to actually give some praise to EA because they are making this game one, Feature Parody. You are not getting a lesser version of the game on Switch. Obviously, you're going to have a lower resolution and all that, but you are getting the full version of the game. We can't confirm whether it's 30 or 60 FPS yet. They haven't revealed that much of it, but we know it's coming March 9th. We know it's going to have the exact same features, all the exact same content, cross-platform play with all other platforms, so they're not separating out the user base into like, oh, you play with mobile people, and hey, you go get to play with your friends on PlayStation or Xbox. No, everyone's playing together. That's the way they're doing it. It's the way I prefer it to be done. In addition to that, they're actually going to give a few bonuses to Switch owners because Season 8 actually comes out like this week, and Switch is getting it a month later. So because it's getting it a month later, if you buy the Battle Pass, they're going to level you up for free to 30 levels into that Battle Pass. Also, they're going to allow Switch owners to get double XP for the first few weeks, essentially from the time it launches through the end of March. If you're on Switch, you can get double XP playing the game. Now, I personally never actually played Apex Legends, so it's going to be interesting to me to actually go and pick up the game and try it on Switch because I'm going to actually play it on Switch. I'm not going to buy it on PC or Xbox Series X or any other options I have to play the game.  Maybe I'll end up liking it even more. Now, there is a physical version of the game coming out. However, they're doing that, it's just a box thing, putting a code in a box. I disagree every time this happens. I think it's a waste of plastic. If you're going to give us a physical version, just give us an actual physical version, but that's not what they're going to do. It's a digital code in a box. I guess for you people that like to collect boxes, that's good for you. Although you could just go buy a Switch box and make your own cover and stick it in if you really care that much, but I guess there's something about it being official that makes it more collectible, I suppose, for collectors out there. So whatever, that is what it is. Also, guess who did this port?  There's only a hundred percent is everything. They gave all the credit to Panic Button. So yes, our port extraordinaire, they did Doom, Doom Eternal, and a couple other games. Panic Button are the ones that ported this game, so you know it's going to be the best possible port it can be, because Panic Button is still, you know, right up there as the gold standard. There's a couple other port companies that are actually doing a pretty good job as well, but Panic Button is the gold standard for Switch porting. This next story is a big one, but we kind of covered it in an individual video yesterday. Of course, we're talking about Nintendo not abandoning Nintendo Directs. At least it doesn't seem like it. They're actually hiring someone to create AV content at the company, and this includes handling trailers and media and a whole bunch of video-related projects, but included in that hiring listing post is that they will be responsible for filming live action. This is important. Live action segments for Nintendo Directs. Now, if you notice, Nintendo over the last year or two hasn't really had a lot of live action segments. In fact, I can't seem to remember really any. Was there one back in the September 2019? I don't even think there was a live action segment in that one. I think it's been all just voiceover with graphics on screen and like a timeline of events. They haven't really gone with the whole live action thing, I guess maybe since E3 2019, and they don't call those Nintendo Directs. So they're digital events or E3 presentations. So it's very interesting to see that they actually call live action segments, which means in person, probably on a green screen like I am right now. So yeah, honestly, this gives me hope there's going to be future Nintendo Directs. So that's just something I wanted to bring up because it's that big of a story it deserves to be talked about twice. And you might have missed it. So here it is on Prime News. Our next story is a big one, Ellie's for me and Eric. You guys might not remember Eric from the Nintendo Prime podcast, but he literally fell out of his chair at work when I told him this news. College football is coming back in video game form. That's right. The NCAA football series, which has been missing for seven years, is coming back. Now why was the series gone? Well, let's just say there was a lot of disputes over player likenesses and names and all this stuff that kind of made it hard because the NCAA treats them as college students rather than college athletes.  But at the same point, they don't allow these college players to actually make any money and they can't even sign autographs. That's how stingent the NCAA is. So after seven years, EA has finally gone around the NCAA to get back into making a college football game and it's going to be called college football. Now it will not be coming out this year. They said sometime in the next couple of years. So we're probably looking at 2022 as the earliest release, maybe 2023. Got to remember, they're just starting development up again. Now they obviously have Madden and the old NCAA games they can kind of work off of to try to build a new one. But I would like to see them take at least a couple of years here instead of trying to rush something out here in a few months. I think that's the better approach because we want to see this done right. Now they have partnered with the CLC which has rights to over 100 college FBS teams and they're trying to work out contracts with other ones that might be bigger names aren't part of the CLC. This includes the logos, this includes the uniforms, this includes the stadiums and even certain traditions. As an example, I'm a Wisconsin Badger fan and we have the jump around thing that happens between the third and fourth quarter. Stuff like that. Obviously you want to get the songs, the official theme music and for all the stuff you want, the mascots, all of that. That's able to be done. Also they have the rights to the college football playoffs which is really, really important to include as that's like the culmination of a season in college sports. Now what's really exciting obviously for those who don't know is that when you play college football in the past NCAA games you could raise up your players in your program and then draft them into Madden itself. I'm assuming that's going to be continued and a whole other reason why hey look, might as well wait for 2022 when they could sync up the development of this game with Madden to work in you know, hand in hand. Hopefully this leads to improvements to franchise mode which has been severely untouched by Madden for quite some time as they've been focusing on Mutt and all the other modes that make them more money. But frankly, I'm a franchise mode kind of guy so this is all good to me. And also the NCAA games in the past always played differently than Madden. People look at football games and go oh man, one football game is the same as the other football game. That's not always the case and when it comes to Madden and Madden versus NCAA there definitely was major gameplay differences. So I'm kind of hoping that kind of continues too to give you two different football experiences. So Sonic Prime has been announced it is a new 3D animated Netflix series for you guessed it. Sonic the Hedgehog. I mean, you're welcome guys. I'm Nintendo Prime, Sonic Prime. Who do you think named this series? Come on. Come on, baby. Give me some credit. Give me some Netflix, Sega. I expect a check in the mail please. You are infringing. I mean come on, Amazon Prime exists to go for me. Let's get real here. But Sonic Prime is coming out. It's coming out next year. It's going to be 24 episodes. It's supposed to be a coming of age kind of story. A hardly described exactly. A journey of self discovery. Had a glance at my notes for that one to make sure I got the quote exactly right now. It doesn't have like the Sonic voice actor that for the last 10 years isn't even doing Sonic anymore. The Tails voice actor is not involved in this either. Although he hasn't been fired. He's just not doing this series. So yeah. And this comes to wake up obviously the massively successful Sonic the Hedgehog live action movie which is also getting a sequel probably in 2022. So look the Euro Sonic next year kind of cool. The show is obviously intended for kids ages six to 11. But hey you know I'm sure adults will enjoy it as well. To be honest I enjoyed the old school Sonic the Hedgehog show you know with the Chili Dogs. We'll see what if those may come back as a nice little reference to the old show. But anyways that's it. Or is it? See I actually have a fun little note to end this video with because you guys know I always break down Nintendo's financials and in this video I wrote down Sony's financials and someday we'll probably get some Microsoft's game financials in one of these videos as well now that I cover all gaming news. But here is the thing this is a very interesting note and I discovered this on an old forum that's been shunned by the internet in NeoGaff for some pretty good reasons to be fair but also like hey look you know I don't really care where the information comes from. I care the information's accurate and this is accurate and I have verified it. So it looks like Nintendo Switch from 2017 through 2020 has been not only more profitable has exceeded the entire net money made and profits made from the PlayStation 4 period. That's right look at this graph. See the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo has made more money in significantly less time about four years than the PlayStation 4 has. So from 2013 through 2020 that's seven years of PlayStation 4 the Switch and Nintendo has been more profitable in less time. Obviously you expand this out for another three years of Switch and Switch is going to dominate the PlayStation 4 which is Sony's second most successful platform ever released. So this isn't like a Sony versus Nintendo thing it's kind of an interesting note that Nintendo seems to know what they're doing. They bounce back from Wii U in a way I don't know that any of us that owned Wii U thought they could. You know even when you throw 3DS in you know think about it the 3DS sold about 74, 75 million you throw in the Wii U at 13 million that gets you to what 87, 88 million units combined for last gen but then you look at Switch at already at 80 million it's good and Switch is going to blow that gen out of the water combining sales. So Nintendo's onto something I really hope Switch Pro is coming I really hope a next gen Switch that makes sense like a super Switch or Switch 2 like a naming convention that makes sense and they don't leave the Switch audience behind. Nintendo has something here they let it go when they had it with Wii they had lightning in a bottle with Wii and they didn't evolve with the times they didn't get a Wii HD out they brought us Wii U which was not the kind of product that should have been and even though by the way I love Wii U but now we have Switch there is nothing really taking out the Switch PlayStation 5 Xbox Series X are here you wouldn't know it if you are a Nintendo fan Switch is just dominating in the sales so Nintendo I beg of you you see what's happening here you see the same numbers I do keep it going and keep Switch going for another decade or so like not this Switch but like iterate give us new give us better because we don't need more innovation we need more of what this is just better all right folks I am Nathaniel Robert Jets from The Center of Prime thank you for tuning into this episode of Prime News and you know what time it is it's time to dance on out of here


The discovery of the phenomena known as localised surface plasmon resonance, LSPR, has provided the basis for many research areas, ranging from material science to biosensing. LSPR has since been viewed as a transduction platform that could yield affordable, portable devices for a multitude of applications. This review aims to outline the potential applications within developing countries and the challenges that are likely to be faced before the technology can be effectively employed. This article was authored by Jules L. Hammond, Nikhil Bala, Sarah D. Ruffey and others.