And now, Auto-Lite and its 60,000 dealers and service stations present... Suspense! Tonight, Auto-Lite brings you Mr. Dana Andrews in. If the dead could talk. A suspense play, produced and directed by Anton M. Leader. Friends, you know what happens when you take a fish out of water? Sure, it does. Well, by Cornelius, the same thing happens when your car's battery runs out of water. It lies right down and quits. No water, no life. So, what did the Auto-Lite people do? They made the Auto-Lite stay full battery with an extra large liquid reserve. Gave it more room for more water. Result? The Auto-Lite stay full battery needs water only three times a year in normal car use? Think of it. Auto-Lite stay full batteries need water only three times a year in normal car use. Just like that, Auto-Lite practically eliminates one of your major battery bothers. So friends, be right with Auto-Lite. Switch to an Auto-Lite stay full battery tomorrow. And now, Auto-Lite presents Dana Andrews in a tale well calculated to keep you in suspense. They'll never know how it happened. No one will ever know. I knew I was going to have to kill him almost from the first. That's how I am. That's what my blood is. I couldn't change it even if I tried. We were on a circus train. The three of us in the Trapeze Act. Going from Tulsa to San Louis. Fran had asked me to come and sit with her. She had something to tell me. When I went over, she was staring out the window into the night. And the dim train lights made her features kind of soft and blurred. And I stood watching her getting all choked up like I always did. Wanting to freeze this picture of her in my brain with all the other pictures. Then she saw my reflection on the window glass and she turned. Oh, Joe. Hi. Sit down, Joe. Sure. What's the secret? Joe, I can't keep it inside me a second longer. If I do, I'll bust. Tommy and me have been talking about getting married. Hi, you kids. Well, honey, did you tell him? How she told me. Congratulations. That's all, just congratulations. Well, you know, Joe's a man of few words.  At least we'll be able to keep her in the act now, huh? Yeah. That's probably the only reason he's marrying me. Well, the way I figured it had to be one of us. Joe, you're my pal. I couldn't let it happen to you. Wow. And then Tommy threw his arm across my shoulder. I felt every nerve in my body tighten up like somebody was turning a screw. And I thought, so this is how your life goes smash. Rattling through the night on a dinky train with a circus fat lady sitting across the aisle munching chocolates. I didn't know what I was going to do. Not then. At first I tried to go on just like before. When we got to St. Louis, Tommy and me shared a room in a theatrical hotel like always. And the three of us went on through our routines on the high trapeze like always. Yeah, that part was the same. That part was as natural as breathing. But the other things, like the looks they gave each other, they're long walks together. Nothing worked for me. Drinking myself blind, taking out a different girl in the show every night of the week. Nothing worked. I still woke up in the middle of the night, shivering, my heart pounding and crying her name. Friend! Friend! Friend! Joe, Joe, what's wrong? Nothing's wrong. You were yelling in your sleep? I'm okay. You sure? Yeah. Yeah, I'm okay. What are you getting dressed for? It's the middle of the night. I'm going for a walk. But, Joe... Look, I want to go for a walk, so I'm going for a walk. Joe, Fran and I were noticing. Noticing what? We've been going at this night life pretty hot and heavy lately. A fellow who works on a trapeze 60 feet up and without a net, ladies and gentlemen. Well, that's not so good, Joe. What's the matter?   It's all right to have a good time. Good time? So that's what I'm having. What do you know? I walked the dark, empty streets for hours. I didn't know where I went or why. Why did it have to be him and Fran over and over again? Why did it have to be him and not me? And then it was like coming out of a sleep almost. I realized that for a long time I'd been looking through the lighted window of an all-night pawn shop, looking at a gun. At first I started walking away fast. Then I turned back and went into the shop. What can I do for you? That revolver in the window there, the black one next to the binoculars. Oh, yes, that's a beauty, ain't it? I want it. Good enough. Can't go wrong on that one. You got your permit, of course. No, I'm just passing through town. I didn't have time to get one. Well, I'm sorry, mister, but I can't help you. I've got a hundred dollar bill that says you can. You've just bought yourself a gun. It was after three in the morning when I got back to the hotel. The gun was in my topcoat pocket.  She stopped me as I went past her. Turn an angel? Yeah. Lucky you can sleep. Wish I could sleep. I started for the elevator and then it hit me. How dumb can a guy be walking into the lobby like that, being seen going up to the room? Is that all you want, Joe? That he should be dead, no matter what happened to you? Don't you want friend? Don't you want to live? I turned back and started out again. No, Patsy, I guess I won't go upstairs after all. Oh. Nothing to do till tomorrow afternoon, anyhow. Maybe I'll take in an all night show. I haven't seen a show since I was a little girl. Can't fit in the seat. I went around to the back of the hotel. Tommy and me roomed three stories up next to the rusty fire escape. It was so quiet there I could hear the pounding inside my head. The wrong of the fire escape was a good ten feet off the ground. I jumped for it and pulled it down. It made enough noise to wake up half the building. I scrambled up into the shadows. I expected the lights to start going on in every window. But nothing happened. So I started up the fire escape. I started up for Tommy. I reached the landing. The room was dark. The window was closed. I tried raising it, but it was locked. Why did everything have to go bad for me? Oh, wait a minute. He never locked the window before. Why did he lock it now? What was he afraid of? How could he know what was inside me? Well, suddenly I had to do something so I smashed the window with my fists. I didn't care. Let him know it was me. Let him know what was coming. I reached in, unlocked the window, went over the sill. I took the gun out of my pocket. I could feel the blood running warm down my arm. And then I saw that he was gone. The room was empty. I sat down on the bed. I felt weak in my knees. I sat there a long time, numb. Then I heard a key in the door. It was him. He'd come back. I put the gun back in my pocket. I held it there. The door swung open. I saw him framed in the light from the hall. And I thought, now, do it now! For suspense, Auto-Lite is bringing you Mr. Dana Andrews in Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrill's Suspense. You know this spell of freezing weather that drifted over sunny California by mistake last week? I'll see. Well, by Cornelius, I haven't had so much fun since my Auto-Lite stay full battery last needed water. And that's a mighty long time ago. You mean you enjoyed the cold? But, listen, I was purring along up in the mountains in my Auto-Lite equipped car, you see, when I spied a stricken stranger stuck in the snow. He had on a raccoon coat and a coon-skinned cap, and he was looking under the hood of his car muttering water, water everywhere, and not a drop in my battery. Friend, I said to this shivering shambles, if you had an Auto-Lite stay full battery in that thirst-starved convertible, you'd be singing how deep is the ocean instead of how dry I am. What do you mean? Ask, see. So, of course, I told this chap that Auto-Lite stay full batteries, have an extra large liquid reserve. Auto-Lite stay full batteries, I said, need water only three times a year in normal driving. You get that, pal, only three times a year.  But, hollow, did you get the poor fellow on stuff? Sure did. I just happened to have an extra Auto-Lite stay full battery in my trunk. So I lent it to him until he could get one of his own at his nearest Auto-Lite dealers. I'll sure switch to Auto-Lite, he said, as he zoomed off. And I answered, you're right with Auto-Lite. Right, hollow, but right now, suspense. And now, Auto-Lite brings back to our Hollywood soundstage Mr. Dana Andrews as Joe, in a tale well-calculated to keep you in, suspense. I held the gun in my pocket. The door swung open and I saw him, he came down the light from the hall. And I thought, now, do it now!  A while ago. Where's that light switch? Don't turn the lights on, Tommy. What's the matter with you? I said, what do you got against lights? How can you just sit there in the dark? You know, Fran and I wonder what happened to you. We were out looking for it. I held tight to the gun in my pocket. I followed him with it as he moved around the room, stopping at the dresser to comb his hair, whistling because he was getting Fran and it was such a good feeling. And all I had to do was just squeeze the trigger. Money! Say, honey, Factor tells me that you...  Look at that arm, Tommy. His arm, it's bleeding. I didn't know to say.  I'll get some towels and a cure-crome from the bathroom. What'd you do? Get yourself on a bra? Tommy, where's the cure-crome? Hurry up. I'll show you where it is.  I hurried to the dresser, dug the gun out of my pocket and put it in the drawer. Fran came back with an armful of stuff. Her fingers started to probe my arm while she was rolling up my sleeve. Look what this guy did to himself.  What are you fighting for? Tommy, get enough... What happened to this window? Well, that's how I cut myself just now. I thought it was stuck. You know, me, long on muscles and short on brains. It's all right. Just a little cut. Our boy's gonna be all right, Tommy. The show goes on. Doesn't it, Joey? Sure. Sure. Such a sweet, helpless guy this is. We gotta take better care of our boy, Tommy. Yeah.  We used to go on adventures with silly blondes, but nobody got risks like this man to catch my Tommy when he flies through the air with the greatest of ease. You know, Joe, I wouldn't trust Tommy's life in anybody's hands but yours.  Why shouldn't he whistle? He had the world. He had Fran. How's that feel, Joey? Her talking into my face. Smoothing my hair. Now don't you punch any more windows in the nose.  Didn't she see what she was doing to me? Didn't they see what was happening to me? How could two people be so blind? Couldn't they see? Feel better, Joey. I asked you. Leave me alone.  So I went walking in the street again, burning inside like a guy with 105 fever. Still smelling the perfume in her hair. Still hearing her voice in my head. It was after four in the morning when I got back to the hotel. Nobody in the lobby. Nobody with a room click, taking a snooze at the desk. This time, Tommy was in bed asleep. I sat on the edge of the bed for a long time, listening to his breathing. Then I went to the drawer and got the gun. I laid it aside for a moment and I scattered the stuff on the drawer like a burglar would. He was looking for something. Then I went over to where his pants were hanging on a chair. I guess I got a little excited as I grabbed for the pants. The chair fell over. Heart hammering away like it was trying to break loose. But he didn't wake up. I found his wallet and his pants. Then his watch on the nightstand. Then I went over to the broken when I looked down. It was dark, not a sound. Tomorrow all the cops in the city would be looking for the burglar who came up the fire escape and killed his victim when caught in the act. I went back to the dresser for the gun. I went over to the bed. I wouldn't let him take her away from me. Simple as that. I raised the gun barrel level with his head. My finger curled around the trigger. I felt a tiny nerve start throbbing in my wrist. I squeezed the trigger. What is this? Yeah, yeah. Gonna bet you. Okay. When Tommy gone back to sleep, I broke open the gun. It was empty. But it had been loaded before. They must have found the gun after I left. But why had they taken the bullets? I didn't understand. How could they know anything? All of a sudden I was afraid. I put the wallet and the wristwatch back. I put the gun back in the drawer. What was I going to do? I flopped down on the bed and tried to think. But somewhere along the line, I fell asleep. I slept until almost noon. When I woke up, Tommy was gone. I dressed and went down the hall to friend's room. She was gone. At the desk, they didn't know what had happened to them. I went down to the armory where we were playing. They went around there. It was getting close to the matinee. There was no sign of either of them. Then, just a few minutes before we went on, the door was open and they were standing there. We thought we weren't going to make it. That's no kidding. Where are you? I just feasted my eyes on the little gold object. The third finger left half. Sometimes called a wedding ring. Well, I should at least say bon voyage, won't I? Sure, sure. Best of everything. Fran left to change into her costume and Tommy started getting ready. Happy as a log. And I felt the hate choking me till I couldn't breathe. Burning in me like fire. Then I realized something that sent the cold shivers through me.  It made me sick thinking about it. Everybody's got to have some kind of belief. I grew up different, not like most people. The only belief I had was the act. I had to keep the act clean. I couldn't let it happen that way. But it would happen. If I went up there, it would happen. Three minutes. Okay. Well, we better be getting out of here, Joey. Well, Joe, come on, come on. They're not going. What? What are you talking about? I'm not going on. Can't you understand English? What, Joey? I'm not going on. He couldn't do anything with me and the time was running out. He left and I thought, what I'd better do is just pack and leave and never see either of them again. Then, just beyond the door, I heard him whispering to somebody. I knew what it was. He was putting her to work on me. I didn't want to see her. I went to close the door, but she was already standing there, her hand on the door knob. But it was the wrong hand. It was the hand with a ring on it. His ring. Is it something to do with the act, Joe? No, nothing with the act. Well, then... Don't ask me to go out there, friend. You know we can't go on without you. Well, do what you can. Fake those triple plays. Look pretty and swing hard. Just don't ask me to go out there. Joey, what's wrong with you lately? Look, don't... I'm worried about you. You've been acting so funny the last week or so. What were you doing with a gun, Joey? I... We found it in your dresser last night. Scared me to death. I made Tommy take the bullets out. I just bought it for protection, that's all. Protection from what? Joe, you've been so moody, so melancholy. I'm so afraid you might hurt yourself. You think that's why I bought the gun to hurt myself? Gosh, I hope not. It's our cure. Come on, Joe. She moved up close to me. Her hand touched the side of my face. Soft and warm. We'll be waiting for you.  She left. I don't know what to feel. Inside me, some of the hate was unwinding. I didn't want to hate him. I began thinking maybe I could... I could get by today after all. And after today, I'd just beat it and never see him again. I began thinking how lucky it was that everything had gone wrong last night. I started for the door. And then I saw the two of them behind some props kissing each other. While they were waiting for me. I'd never seen him kissing her before. I felt cold and empty. I went back into the dressing room. On the table was the tube of Vaseline I used to hold my hair in place. I stuck the tube into the waistband of my trunks. I didn't worry anymore about hurting the act. The act went off like clockwork. It always did. It was such second nature to us by now. The precision climbed up the ladders to the two little take-off platforms. Only on one side of the ring. The two of them on the other. I felt good like I always felt up here. I knew what was going to happen, but I wasn't fighting it anymore. When it came, it came, that's all. And then it was time. All the easy stuff was over. We were ready for a big specialty. Tommy's triple somersault. I was already on the lower trapeze. Lolling on the crossbar. It was Tommy's stunt. So no one noticed me. I reached up into the waistband of my trunks and flicked the cap off the tube of grease. I pinched the tube and a coil of Vaseline spurted into my palm. I greased my wrists until they were as slippery as a pair of eels. That was where he was going to hang on to. Where he was going to try to hang on. Tommy signaled that he was ready. I was ready too.  I was dangling by my legs. Flexing my arm. My eyes running over the row upon row of tiny upturned faces. It was a matter of seconds now. Five thousand pairs of eyes watching. Five thousand hearts starting to speed up. Even the peanut and popcorn boys had stopped. Just the roll of the drums building up. Louder and louder. Without looking, I knew Fran was putting on Tommy's blindfold. In another second, I'd swing around and face them. And begin the count. I began turning. What happened? I turned quickly. Fran was alone on the platform. For a split second, I couldn't figure it out. And then I saw Tommy falling through the air. He grabbed at a guy wire as he passed and he held on.  Down all the way to the bottom but never letting go. He landed in a huddle at the bottom. But then he picked himself up. So he was all right, nothing broken. Except the way he held his hand you could tell it was as raw as if he'd cut it open with a knife. I swung around and looked up at Fran. She caught my eye and formed the words, my fault, with her lips. And then, sorry. Then she had made him slip. She had kept him from swinging out on their trapeze. But why? I swung back all of a sudden. I wanted to get down. I wanted to get away. But why my back was turned to her? She must have passed along the signal because suddenly I heard... I guess at first I was just too shocked to think. This was something I'd never figured out. Sure, she'd done the trick before but then there was a split second in which she signaled me to drop my head and begin the count.  Fran, don't do it! Don't do it! But the drums had already begun that time. My voice couldn't reach her now. She'd swung the empty trapeze out into space. I counted the gun. One, as she let go. Two, as the trapeze made a talk. Three, as it returned. Twice more the empty trapeze would swing out and then on its return she would grab it. Fran, don't do it! Don't do it! But I knew she could only hear the drums. If there were only some way to stop the drums. I heard the terrified roar of thousands of throats and I knew it was death. Look officer, I told you I'm only the manager of this outfit. Why don't you ask those two over near the body? They know all about it. They're part of the act. I told you I'd get to them. Now, how exactly did the deceased- Listen officer, why so many questions? It wasn't Murdy or No, it was just an accident. Slipped and fell off the trapeze. I guess it was the excitement of seeing Tommy take that bad spill. Why can't you just put it down as an accident and let it go at that? Locke, I'm only following the rules, Mr. I don't tell you how to run your circus. Yeah, yeah, but when you're all finished with your questions it'll still add up to the same thing. An aerialist named Joe Crosby was accidentally killed while giving a performance. Just as simple as that. Yeah, poor Joe himself couldn't tell you anymore. Even if the dead could talk. Thank you Dana Andrews for a splendid performance. Mr. Andrews will return in just a moment. Uh-huh, oh. Yes, Hap? A question. Shoot, do you ever run out of words? Oh, now Hap, be sensible. How could any guy run out of words with those sensational auto-light-stay-full batteries to talk about? I got my answer. Why, Hap, those auto-light-stay-full batteries have the start of a jackrabbit, the power of a bulldozer and the life of a redwood all wrapped up in one. And to top it all off, they need water only three times a year in normal car use. So friends, when you buy a battery, buy the best. Switch to auto-light, makers of over 400 automotive, aviation and marine products in 27 plants from coast to coast. Auto-light, the lifeline of your car. Always remember, auto-light means batteries. Stay-full batteries. Auto-light means spark plugs. Ignition engineered resistor spark plugs. Auto-light means ignition systems. The lifeline of your car. And now here again is Mr. Dana Andrews. My thanks to Tony Lede for the opportunity of appearing again on Suspense. It is always a pleasant and rewarding experience. And you'll have a pleasant and rewarding experience, I'm sure, next week, when Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills brings you Robert Montgomery, in another gripping study in Suspense. Dana Andrews appears through the courtesy of Samuel Goldwin, producers of Enchantment. Tonight's Suspense play was adapted by Larry Marcus from the short story by William Irish. Music was composed by Lucian Moraweck and conducted by Led Bluskin. The entire production was under the direction of Anton M. Leder. In the coming weeks, Suspense will present such stars as Fibre McGee and Molly, Charles Lawton, James Wyman, James Mason and many others. Make it a point to listen each Thursday to Suspense, Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills. Next Thursday, same time, here Robert Montgomery. Switch to AutoLite. Good night. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Okay, we're live on YouTube, you can take it away, Devin. Morning to everybody. Happy Monday morning. Oh, no, that's a lie. Happy Tuesday morning. That's a bad start. Oh, welcome to another Get Together with the Hyperledger Media and Entertainment Special Interest Group. For those of you who are new to us, as the name pretty much explains, we're a small group of dedicated individuals interested specifically in how Hyperledger can be applied to elements of media and entertainment, but writ large, so including everything, let's say, all the way to journalism, for example, is something that's attracted the opinion of the interest of quite a few members. So if you have any ideas for projects or for collaborations or if you'd like to give a presentation to us that you think might be of benefit to that broad range of applications, we'd certainly be very interested to hear from you. So you can obviously find us all with ease through the Hyperledger home site, or you can just look me up. My name is right there on Zoom. Just Google my name together with UCLA and various email opportunities will pop up. Today, we are, I think, particularly lucky to have with us Mr. Tong Lee from IBM, whose tool mini-fabric is something that I discovered quite some while ago, but continued to be enthused about and impressed by, for a very simple reason, Hyperledger, in fact, not only Hyperledger, but sort of related open source engineering or programming slash development opportunities very often have a high bar of or a low gateway of entry, depending on whichever metaphor you prefer, because they're just so damn difficult. And anything that makes the creation and management of networks easier is something that is going to make our lives simpler. It'll make the popularity and applicability of tools like Hyperledger much more impactful. And for those of us like myself who are involved in teaching, it's going to make it a lot more appealing to students as well. So if you haven't had an opportunity to play around with mini-fabric or you may have seen just one or two of Mr. Lee's videos or some of his presentations, I think you'll be really impressed by how useful and how simple this tool is. So on that very promising note, I'd like to hand it over to Mr. Lee and don't forget to be in touch with us either through Hyperledger. We are welcoming any questions you might have during or after the presentation, both here in the chat on Zoom, but also in the comments on YouTube because we're live streaming there. So either is wonderful and we'll aggregate them at the end and offer the questions to our guests. But in the meantime, thank you very much, Tom, for coming and over to you. Thank you, David. Thanks very much for that introduction. So as David has just said, Minifabric was created to ease the burden on the developers, regardless of your developed blockchain applications or you actually developing Hyperledger Fabric. They ease the burden on you to create Fabric Network. So we also promote the right way to use the Fabric in the easy way. So this is the goal for Minifabric and this is the reason why we created Minifabric. So Minifabric actually is a tool to help you to do many things. So I have these five basically categories that will be Minifabric support. We will not go into the details on all of them because like number four and five are more advanced features and but we do have documents that you can look into if you're interested. The very first one is help you to easily stand up a Fabric Network. Get everything ready and try different versions of Fabric. It's not a small task without a right tool. So we create this and allow you to do that very easily. You can simply just use a different parameter to set up different versions of Fabric Network and you'll be able to create channels, manipulate channels and add peers into those channels that you have. Minifabric also allow you to inspect those channels and see the channel configuration, which if you know Fabric, the channel configures a huge YAML file and it's very hard to grasp what actually in it. If you want to make some changes and you have to look for the needles in the ocean, then it's extremely difficult but Minifabric actually allow you to easily to update the channel. And they also allow you to install chain code and invoke chain code. Do some admin tasks, for example, approve, commit, initialize. Those are very typical chain-co-related operations that you can do on a Fabric Network. I will just briefly mention the policy and organization and artifacts that Minifabric allow you to do. Endorsement policy, once you have the channel created, you probably want to change something about who can endorse, how many endorsements necessary for a transaction to be considered valid. Also, when you're trying to expand your Fabric Network, how do you add a new organization? That's how you expand Fabric Network. Adding a new organization actually also involves a lot of steps but Minifabric actually make that a lot easier. Minifabric also creates artifacts. For example, when you develop your application, most likely you have your own chain code and then you will write some Go program or other program, Python, deal with those chain codes to produce transactions. That means you will have to connect with the Fabric Network. Minifabric actually produce those connection profiles, allow you to use for different programming client applications. For example, if you use Go, you can use the Go connection profile, if you use Python as Python connection profile. The problem is that why we produce those different connection profiles is because different language SDKs require slightly different connection profiles. But Minifabric creates often Java, Go, and Python and you can choose. Was there a question? So a little bit about Minifabric itself. So Minifabric is a hyperlator lab number so you can use the URL to get the source code and see how it was basically created and how it's working. And I always welcome the PRs to improve Minifabric. Because this leaves on GitHub, we actually created this automated test process and when you submit PR or when the PR gets merged, we run a lot of automated tests. You can see on the left hand side, we test different versions of Fabric. Start from 1.4 all the way to the latest 2.4, 1.4.4 all the way to 2.4. We purpose to run this to make sure that Minifabric not only support the latest Fabric release but also the older versions. And I understand other people still use the older version of Fabric to do things. And if you hit the Minifabric GitHub repository and you will see this very short readme document which tells you what steps you need to take and how you actually quickly start up your Fabric network. And from this instruction you can see there's only one, basically a batch command you have to copy and paste to your command line, that's how you get Minifabric, which by itself actually is a really short script, I think less than 30 lines for a batch code. If you run this on Windows, it's batch code actually, I think it's a little bit longer, but it's not outrageous. Then you can simply do a Minifabric up, do Minifabric down to stand up Fabric and also, you know, to spring down a Fabric network. It's a very hard level of Minifabric. So now where can you run Minifabric? Pretty much all the, you know, possible environment, we support Mac, we support Linux, different flavors, Linux, all work. And Windows, as I mentioned, all you have to have is the relatively new Docker environment, 18.03 or newer. This doesn't mean that if you have an older Docker environment, it won't run, it just means that we never test it on the older Docker environment. It may still run. But I mean, if you have a Docker environment, it will be enough. And we recently added Kubernetes support. You can very easily deploy Fabric network onto Kubernetes. This is the huge big feature for Minifabric. For a long time, we only supported Docker environment, but now you can do this against Microsoft Azure and GKE communities. And normally when I run this, I basically just use Votrobux to create a small Linux Ubuntu system on my Mac, and I run Minifabric actually inside the Votrobux virtual machine. I only give like a four gig of memory to the virtual machine, and it will run just fine. And later on, when we do the actual live demo, we're going to use the system like this. If you have any questions, please stop me, and we can have an interaction and some discussion. I don't like it. I've got a couple of questions on the chat. Okay. So the first question is, does it support JavaScript slash TypeScript for chain code creation? Okay, my understanding is not. This is not about Minifabric. It's more about, you know, what language can you use to develop your chain code? So this is really a fabric question. My understanding is that you can use Go, Python, Java. Other than this tree, I do not know if the TypeScript or JavaScript support it as a chain code. And the second question is, does it work on existing fabric networks? Okay. Yes, if you have fabric network already running, right, you can create, you can stand up in your organization, right? Or, I mean, existing, if you have all the certificates, everything, then you can stand up a peer, then you can join the peer. If it's a new organizer and you will have to join the org, new organization into the existing fabric network, then you can join the peer into one of the app channels. Yes, okay. Okay, other questions? Not for the moment, that's it. Okay, great. So here I listed, again, more detailed capabilities of Minifabric. As I said, you can easily stand up fabric network based on the default SPAC, which we will talk about in a few minutes. Or you can use your own SPAC, right? So this is highly customizable, whether you want to create like three organization fabric network or five, it's totally up to you. You can have your own SPAC. Once you're done with your work, say, hey, okay, I developed my chain code, tested my chain code, everything works fine. I'm done with it. I want to free up my environment. And you can simply tear down the deployed fabric network. Just one command, create channel, join peers to channels, install chain code, chain code approval, instantiate, commit or upgrade invocation and use different parameters. So nothing here in the Minifabric is hard to code it towards particular, you know, model of fabric network or particular chain code. So any chain code you have as long as a valid chain code, it should work on Minifabric created fabric network. Okay. And you can also do the query blocks and transactions. And as I mentioned, you can do is your channel configuration query what currently the configuration is and assigning the update to the channel configuration, all sort of things in support private data collection and add new organizations. You can also use Minifabric to set up multiple servers. They say you have five physical machines. You can use Minifabric actually set up different or same organization on those five servers, and you can join them together to make a bigger fabric network. Minifabric also create this connection profiles. I mentioned that also the wallet that you can use when you're trying to use the wallet to connect to the fabric network. Minifabric integrated with Explorer and the caliper, which allow you to inspect what is going on, what is happening when your chain code actually is running. I'm going to show you the channels the notes in your network, and also the transactions if you use explore caliper actually you can use to run some performance test. Later on actually we will show you how to use explore to inspect the transactions happening on your fabric network. One of the problems developer always face. Okay, I don't really care about developing fabric itself, but I try to do some applications based on fabric. So they normally don't know how the application gets developed and how to connect to the fabric. So we Minifabric actually provided sort of like a template. And there's some sample code against a particular chain code. If you install that chain code and you can you can run the app patients without any modification. I hear a lot of echoes. Sorry, I'll mute that person. Yeah, okay. Thank you. So you can run the applications. I will show you how the app applications look like or where you can put your application. So this is released to, you know, quickly get you started with application. So you can add new functions and new files, all that kind of stuff is get you started very quickly. All right, that's the highlights of the minifabric capability. Now we're going to move on to talk about, you know, how you can set up a fabric network. By default, as I said, minifabric come with a default spec file, which is a very simple YAML file and include basically two CAs. The A node is different. Actually, with different organization, you can see that one is all zero. One is org one and four peer nodes. You can see it's easy to hear. And it's three older nodes. By the way, minifabric only set up orders used the ETCD, the raft. It does not support use the, what is the other? Solo or Kafka. Kafka, Kafka, Kafka. Okay. We minifabric does not support Kafka, which a lot of people already abandoned. So now talk about this network spec file. As I mentioned, this is a YAML file. It used a very simple, like a DNS sort of naming convention. The first part would be the name for the node. Here, for example, this say A node name will be say A1. And the rest will be considered as the organization name. So in this case, the organization name will be org zero.example.com. The second one will be org one.example.com. Okay. This doesn't mean that these two organizations relate to each other. Basically, they just share some of the name, but they're considered different organizations. Okay. Now, I think, was it David? I mentioned that the solo. People ask me, if I want to do a solo installation, how do I do that use minifabric? Actually, it will be extremely easy. If you want to do a solo here, it's basically one older node. Solo really means that you have just one older node. So here you have one older node and two peers. So this is, you can customize, you can give minifabric a customized spec file. And minifabric will stand up the fabric like this, like this for you. Okay. Now, if you just say, hey, I don't care about other peer nodes, I just wanted to create older system. Here's how you do it. Right. In this example, you have five older nodes. Basically, in this spec file, you set orders and five nodes. Right. If you just want to set up one organization with just three peer nodes. So here's how you do that. Right. So this is very, very flexible. You can customize any way you want. And nothing is hard coded here. And I just made up those names. Ocean tree. I don't know if there is such thing working. Okay. All right. So we earlier said that we want to make the developed life a little easier. And here's actually how we can really accomplish that. You can use just one command here, say, minifab down to bring down the fabric. Right. All the containers will be bring down. Right. So if you want to clean up everything, include the certificates created, all the channels, all that kind of stuff. And you would do just say, hey, minifabric clean up. Right. And if you want to restart your fabric networking and do restart. Say, okay. I have tried fabric 2.3. And I want to see if my chain could actually work on fabric 1.4.8. So we're easy to do just say minifabric up dash I, then you give version number 1.4.8. When you do this, the fabric network minifabric startup will be just using fabric 1.4.8. So we actually support every point release since 1.4.4. Right. So even we didn't test every release as I showed you earlier, but if it's 1.4.7, which will also work. If you wonder what other commands that minifabric provide, you can certainly just say minifab dash H or simply just say minifab. It will show you a list of all the commands and supports. If you want to create a channel, simply give a name like this and the channel will be created. If you want to join the peers that currently on this network, you simply say minifabric. Right. So you can do a channel query. This actually will return you the channel configuration and you can see an endorsement policy of your channel or who actually which peer organization is part of your channel. Right. You will make configuration changes to the channel and you will have to sign the changes. So this is how you can do that. Right. And eventually you'll say hey channel update, then the channel update command will do that for you. Okay. So chain code. A lot of people when they start work with fabric. In many cases they're just trying to develop some applications. So most likely you will have to create your chain code and write some client application to deal with the chain code. So here actually shows you the structure and how you develop your chain to the where you're supposed to put the chain code. Then you can install the chain code. Onto the fabric network. So this is very clearly document in minifabric document. And you simply just need to write your bill program. And I put in this. That's a slash.   Then if it's a go chain code you put in the go directory. If it's a note. If it's a Java, then then you can put it in a different basically different directory and it will actually install that for you. Okay. So they say you have those files in this directory now. You can install that chain code.  That name must be this direct name here. Right. Then you can do approve and commit if it requires initialization. You're supposed to do it in initialization as well. Then you can do discovery. Then you can invoke that chain code you just installed. Okay. Once you invoke that chain code. That means you actually already submit the transaction and you should be able to do the block query. Then it shows what actually happened on your ledger questions here. All right. We actually have several questions building up in the chat. One of them is a clarification of an earlier question, which is. And I'm quoting here. Transcript is definitely supported by fabric, but I was wondering if it's anything different with minifabric. No. No. No. Well, I mean, if you talk about node, right? We, we, we officially say node. We normally don't say JavaScript when we talk about the SDKs. So, yeah. Yeah. Any chain code that you can develop, which support by fabric will, will just work here. Question two, is minifabric recommended for production or is it a development environment? The goal of minifabric is to help you learn and develop. But if you really wanted to use minifabric to set up production environment. Yes, you can. The problem is that you will have to manually produce those certificates that identify your organization, identify your node, but you really have to know what you, what you're doing. Right. Because if it's a production environment, you want the certificate to be a real certificate. You do not want your production node use the self-signed certificates. Right. That's the really the main issue here. If you produce those required certificates from a CA and you know where to put those certificates that minifabric can access. You're fine. There is one question here that's particularly complex. It's actually regarding an error message. I won't read the whole thing. Hopefully the last line is sufficient. Is there an S390X version of your recent update? 390X. The question is when setting up minifab on Ubuntu server and getting the following warning status, download newer image for hyperledger labs, minifab latest, etc. Does that ring a bell? If not, we can just forward it to you. We'll forward you the question afterwards. Yeah. For those questions, we actually have this fabric and mini Rocky channel. You can certainly post the question there. Or you can open the issue against minifabric and we can take a look at that. Fantastic. Yeah. The guy who answered the question actually said, thanks already. What fabric token life cycle is that supported as well? I think that's a feature and still in the works. So, I don't have a lot of knowledge of that. Or connect them. But if minifabric produce a true fabric network. Minifabric support fabric token. Minifabric will support it. Minifabric is really a tool. It's really a tool that gets you started with fabric. Allow you to set up fabric network. So, it does not reduce or improve the functions of fabric network. For those questions, do you use a dedicated statistical authority for the TLS certificates? Does minifabric bring up a TLS certificate authority? No, no, because that involves a lot of steps. So, the meaning fabric, if you do not provide your own certificates, minifabric will produce a self-signed certificate. It does not work with a particular CA.  It doesn't do that. And then the last one for the moment. Do you use fabric CA or cryptogen tool for generating certificates? Neither. Minifabric actually use open SSL to produce certificates, self-signed certificates. That's it for the moment. Okay, great. Thanks for the questions. Okay, I know a lot of people who deal with fabric network actually wanted to do some tests using minifabric. So here, we actually allow you to combine command together. For example, we talked about you can use minifab, install, prove individually, right? When you want to just install a chain code or approve the chain code, right? Here, actually, you can use just one command. Minifab, install, comment, approve, comment, initialize and to accomplish four things in one command. So this is particularly useful if you actually doing some automation work. Okay. So you can combine any two command available in the right sequence, as I showed you here, to do the work as long as the combination of the command actually makes sense.  That doesn't make sense, right? Because if you haven't installed the chain code yet, initialize will certainly fail, right? Minifabric actually, if you do that, it will give you error. Okay. Actually, with that, I want to switch to the demo of LiveDemo to show you actually how you can do this using Minifabric. I'm going to exit from the PowerPoint. I want to show you, this is the waterbox machine that I'm currently running, right? So this is really a small water machine running on my MacBook. So I'm going to use a terminal to connect this machine. Let me make this a bit bigger. Okay. I hope you can see my terminal. Okay. So this is the console of my water machine. And currently, I do not have any Docker container running. So when you, okay, when you look at the fabric network, the fabric network is brought up running. Actually, you will just see a bunch of containers running even on Kubernetes environment. There are still pods and containers, right? So what I want to show you here is that I don't have anything running currently. So I just have some of the Docker images, right? You probably already guessed that I have run the Fabric 2.3 and 2.2 earlier. So that's why I have those images. If I don't have this image when I try to bring up Fabric network, it will still work. It will just automatically download those images for you. So now I will go to this directory and remove. Actually, I think this directory is empty. It's completely empty. So there's nothing actually there. So what I want to do now is to, as I said earlier, just bring up this Fabric network. You can see here, that's what I was talking about. I combined all those basically command altogether to bring up the Fabric network. So if you use the Minifabric app, not only bring up Fabric network, but also actually create a channel, join the peers to the channel, and do the anchor update, generate profiles, install chain code, and do approval and commit and initialize and then do a discovery. So actually, it does all this all together when you do the Minifabric app command. Of course, you can do each step individually, but it will just take longer time. So this will take about four to five minutes to complete. You'll probably ask why I take that long is because we are actually doing a lot of things. For example, here is the generate certificates, then we actually start up network, then we install the chain codes, create channels, all those, especially install chain code, initialize all that kind of stuff. It takes some time. All right. So with that, I want to stop a little bit because this will take a little bit of time. I'll stop here, see if we still have some questions. Two new questions. Does Minifab support the implementation of the external chain code builder? No, it does not. I was trying to add that to Minifabric, but I haven't got that implement yet. Second question. Does Minifabric support the upgrading of a new fabric version to peers? No, no, it doesn't. So if you set up, I said 1.4.8, if you want to do a new one, then you have to clear up the old one and set up a new one. We don't have upgrades, say, from one fabric version to the other. But I don't think it would be difficult to add that. That's it. Okay. All right. Great. While we're waiting here, I want to talk about how you actually run, start up the explorer or run application. So let's talk about that. Okay. I mentioned earlier, if you want to see what's happening on your fabric network, you can certainly use Explorer to inspect transactions in channels, all that kind of stuff on your fabric network. To do that, it's very easy.  Then this command will give you a link and allow you to hit that link from a browser. You will be able to see things happening. If you don't want the explorer running, then you just need to say ExplorerDown, then the Explorer integration will be removed. Okay. And you also can run application, simply say Minifab run app. Then the application that you put in the right place, like I showed here, it should be in the wires, APP directory with your program. And then you simply run this command. Then the things that you put in your application will start running. So later on, actually, we will show the example. Okay. Here, the network actually is already started. You can see this MinifabExplorer going through a lot of things. It tells you what it has done. And it also shows you the fabric network stats. Say, hey, those notes, remember those notes that we're talking about? And oh, okay. This just showed the peer and older notes. It doesn't show the CE notes. Then it's create a channel, join, do the anchor update, all that kind of stuff. Okay. Until you how long it took for the whole thing to be complete. Of course, you can do Minifab stats. It will show you the result, like I showed you earlier. Okay. So everything is up running. If I do a Docker PS, you will see a lot of things going on. Before I run Minifab app and there wasn't any containers running. Now you can see that you have the chain code container also running. Right. This container, image needs to be created when you install a chain code. Then has to start containers. So that's why it took longer time. All right. So because we already actually installed a chain code, like I said, is called a chain code is called simple. And the version that uses 1.0. Why it does that is because the spec file, all the default, I should do this Minifab stats. Because Minifabric has all the default here says if you want to install the chain code, so the chain code name is simple. And the version is 1.0. Right. That's how it knows, you know, what chain code to install the version to use. Right. When they initialize the chain code, they use this default. Right. Later on, I will show you if you install different chain code, then you can specify different initialization parameters. Okay. So since we have this chain code already installed, you know, initialized, we probably can invoke a transaction. Invoke. This invoke is a command. Tell Minifabric to try to do a transaction. This invoke actually is a method from the chain code itself. Give me a second. I don't remember all the command here. Invoke. Is the chain code. Okay. This chain code is still a very simple chain code. I think this is just to move the asset from one to the other. Okay. So this actually will produce something on the ledger. Okay. So it's completed successfully. Now, I want to see what actually happened on the ledger. I will do a block query. So block query actually shows you the last transaction. Now it produced this file. This file is a very typical block to block. It shows all the hash, you know, the height, the number of the block, which is seven. And of course it has to show the previous block hash. And they include all the transactions that happened on the on the fabric network. So here you can see that we use the method called invoke. Then we moved, you know, for unit from A to B. All right. I believe you can also do a query. I think query is another method on the on this simple chain code. If I remember right. Okay. So actually this now shows the payload is balanced to be 196. If we do another one. Okay. I give three. If I call it again, then his balance should change. It was a 96 196. Now it's 193. Okay. So if I do B and then balance should be different. You know, if it did be okay before. All right. Okay. So any questions here? Yep. Three fresh questions. Number one. If you define multiple peers in spec, which one will be the anchor peer? And is that configurable? No. No. Minifabric will make all the peers anchor peer. This is really just for the performance. Number two. How does mini fabric deploy the network? Sorry, the network on Kubernetes. Does it support the use of any Kubernetes? Package manager. Package manager like, like what? You could. Like. Like. Yeah. Like a kind. You mean. Helm. Oh, Helm. Oh, okay. Um. No, no, no. We actually do not use. Helm to deploy a fabric network onto. Kubernetes. We, if. Yeah. In the beginning of this presentation, we, I, I show a link. If you use that link, go to the repository. You can see that we actually use. Simply the. Ansible pack package to produce. Kubernetes deployment files. To. Set up fabric network on Kubernetes. We produce. Services. We, we use actually English controller to expose. In the point. We produce certificates. We use configure map. We use secrets or that kind of stuff. So, so we do not use Helm to deploy. We use Ansible. And the produce the deployment. Files. I'm not really sure that answer the question. Sorry. Lastly, for the moment. A question that I imagine is quite popular. Am I able to use mini fabric to build my minimum viable product? I would say yes. Many fabric, as I said earlier as well. Many fabric stand up fabric network for you. Which does not. Improve. A reduced. Capability of fabric network. Right. Let's say I stand up my fabric network. Use mini fabric. I developed my chain code. I tested. My chain code. On this network. I should be able to move this. A chain code onto. Any production. Fabric network. And I expect it will fully work. Right. There's nothing here that. Is.  So. I hope that. Answer that question. Yep. Okay. All right. So how are we doing in terms of time? Oh, we only have five minutes left. Okay. So. Let's do. Okay. Let me bring up Explorer. X. Low. I can spell. All right. This will actually start up Explorer. And it tells you where you can hit that. So I'm going to. Bring my. Browser here. Okay. This also give you what the. I'm going to. Browser here. Okay. This also give you what the default. I'm. Username and password is. In case you forget. Explore. At the mean. Explore. Password. P W. Explore. At the mean. Okay. All right. We can see that. This. This dashboard to show you. A composition of this fabric network. As I said, they use the default. And we have four peers in the three order note. And. And say, hey, we're at the block. Number 11. Here I said 12 because we started with block zero. And then we have transactions. We have four notes. It doesn't count the older notes. And we only have one chain code. All right. So if you click on. Transactions. And we'll show you all the transactions. If you dig through those. Transactions you probably was. We'll see that. The transaction we just did from command line. Right. Next one. Or do actually. Install. Move. Commit. Visualize. Name should be. Samples. CC. Simple CC is also a. Chain code that. Come with. Minifabric. If you like a repository, actually, we have few. Chain code. Come with. Minifabric. Which give you like, you know, how we. Minifabric use those, how it was developed. Like, I think. Then. I use this command to. Initialize this thing. And then we should be able to see. Transactions. Happening. Here. And if you update, if everything goes well. Then we should see the chain code now. Change to two. And then we should be able to run that. The app run command. Which actually. I think it produced a lot of more. More transactions. But here it will. Again, every time you install chain code. We'll have to build the darker container image. And it will take some time. So we're at the last minute. We're at the last minute of this. Talk. I wonder if we can. Extend this a little bit. David. Yeah, we have the room. If you want to go longer, you can. Okay. Yeah. I just want to show after this. Samples to see. Installed approved. Then. Then I will run the app run. And then we should be able to see transactions happening from. So now this chain could actually installed. Now. See. This explore already show that we have to chain code. If I. Click here. Now we have a simple one. This actually get installed and we do the minifab up. Now I just install samples. Is it here? Right. So the reason why I want to install these samples is because. We have application. Here. This is. Very simple application. And they use the wallets and the connect to the fabric network. And then they do some transactions. Right. So this is application. And if you want to know how to start with application, this example you can use, or you just go ahead and make changes to this application. Then run the. Command here from the. What can directly is called a minifab. App run.  Hopefully we can see some transactions happening here. Did you guys notice that the. The blocks change in a number of transactions changed. So all because we're running that application that. Produce transactions. So if I. Here. Assess. You think you can see here, right? Sample CC. And still on my channel as a default channel. Right. I didn't invoke the transaction from. It's all from the. Actually the application. All right. I think that's the. Everything I would like to talk about in this. Session. And I want to hand it back to David. We don't have any questions. We don't have questions. We just have multiple people saying thank you. Great presentation, wonderful work, et cetera, et cetera. So thank you so much for squeezing everything in. Thank you, sir. Well, I think with that we are done. I put the link in the chat to. Tom's tutorials on YouTube, which. We'll give you an extra chance to. Look over some of the fundamental points that were covered today, but this precise presentation. Is also going to be archived in a matter of minutes. Maybe it will be up for you to look at. Either on YouTube or we'll actually embed it on the. Special interest group page. In the meanwhile, as I said, I've put my email up there. If you guys want to get in touch, if you want to get in touch with me personally or just get hold of the interest group and just send it to the general email there, stick it in the general chat, general channel. And don't be shy about giving us new ideas for presentations and for projects. They're all very much appreciated. So I think with that, thank you, Tom. And we will see everybody very soon. Thank you, sir. Bye for now. Bye.


Microsoft admits Windows 10 S was confusing. New S mode upgrades will be free. This is a great headline. I'm actually surprised they admitted that it was confusing. G generally just move on with things. But let's jump right to the blog post of the reference in this 10. So Windows 10 in S mode coming soon to all editions of Windows 10. Some of you may have seen discussion around plans for Windows 10 S on Twitter today, and given some additional questions I've received, I thought it might be helpful to share more about our plans with Windows 10 S. So I'm not going to read the whole article, but I'll leave you a link so you can read through if you'd like. But let's just give you a quick summary of what Windows 10 S is, and what I think Microsoft is trying to do based on what I'm reading. And then we've heard about this when I was at the Microsoft Defense last year. So the concept is, everything's Windows 10 now. That's the last version of Windows. And now they have Windows 10 S because they're creating versions of Windows 10. Now we have a lot of versions of Windows 10 already. So let's talk real quick about those versions, and we'll talk about how S fits into those versions, because essentially they're saying that for every version of Windows 10, they're also going to offer an S mode of Windows 10. So Windows 10 has what they may refer to as four different SKUs. So, well, there's actually more, but we're going to talk about these ones here. There's like sub versions as well that have different features. But for the most part, you're going to see home and pro is what covers the majority of your Windows 10. Some people have pro because they want to connect it to a domain. Now, there's always this confusion like there's more things in pro and yes and no. Do you get more things? A couple more things. We're talking about what you get. It's not a performance thing first. That's always the confusion. Unless, and it's always an exception, it's a performance issue if you have more than 128 gigs of RAM. You probably don't. But if you do, you're going to have to move over to pro. So that's like some of the questions people like, but I thought it just worked faster because it was pro. Like, no. Most of the features you get are like your remote app and remote desktop apps. Your ability to join domains, a hyper V if you're doing virtualization.  So you don't, unless you need anything in this no category, then, you know, like all the different virtualizations and different controls and lockdowns that once again, those only come into the enterprise and education editions in Microsoft app V, direct access to Vice Guard. There's a lot more security features that come with the enterprise and like the name implies, it's made for the enterprise market. Most of our business customers simply stop right here at pro that fits the majority of our business clientele that are using Windows 10 and it's fine for them. So this is kind of a comparison. Now where does Windows 10 S says you're, knows it's not in this list. So all the concept of Windows 10 S was to build a locked down version of Windows that would only run signed code. IE, what that means is you have Windows 10 with only the ability to run things out of the store as in you can't load programs on it. You can't just grab your favorite CD, not that anything has a CD player. So let's say grab your favorite USB install program or download a program that you found on the internet that looks cool and go, I wanna run this code. That doesn't work. That's where the problem lies with it. So is it secure and locked down? Sure, and if you only have to use apps that are available in the Microsoft store, because that's the concept here, we switch over to Windows 10. So as long as you want to run everything just out of the Windows store, you're fine. But let's talk about something in the Windows store. Let's look for Chrome. Oh, cool. Nope, I can get the Google Launcher. Well, this is a problem, what about iTunes? And I don't use iTunes, by the way, but I'm searching for it for a reason. So because of the way the Microsoft store works, the two most popular apps that people use is Google Chrome and iTunes, those are the two most popular apps. Of course, we can get Microsoft Office. So if I search for Office, I can find it. Hey, look, Office 365, OneDrive apps. So the Microsoft apps are there. Now from a concept of getting ransomware and things like that, I like the concept they're going with in terms of security. And the reason why this is very Linux-like. This is one of the differences between Linux and Windows, is you have a lot of untrusted sources you may be getting software from that have a potential for problems because you're just trusting each place you're downloading from, versus if you're running Ubuntu, for example. If it's in the Ubuntu repositories, or if you're a fan of Debian, Debian repositories, those are trusted sources for software, so you don't have to go to that many third-party places, and as long as you add them as a trusted source, that's what gives you that trust relationship. Now that's the concept Microsoft's doing, going, hey, just work with us to get it in the store, but there's a few policies that cause a hangup, including Google Chrome is one of them. Google Chrome does not work because they have their own rendering engine. Any browsers have to use the Microsoft Edge rendering engine. It's a complete lock-in. So that kind of lock-in doesn't set well with people. If Edge doesn't support a thing, that's it. Now, let's talk about security. I said the goal is to be more secure. And it did appear more secure because security researchers took all of three hours to bypass the security locks on their two-hacked computer. This is an older article. I didn't really do too much searching, but I'm sure there's been even more breaches and maybe even faster hacks for it now. So the concept is there, but it's still built on Windows and the Windows still faces, as they've called it, the long tail of legacy, which means there's a lot of that back support for things in there, and that's often what people leverage to gain an edge on this. So it's also gonna create a lot of printer problems because if the printer drivers aren't in the Windows Store, you can't load third-party drivers for devices or things because it only supports things gotten from the Windows Store or the Windows repository of drivers itself. So Windows 10S is any concept, but a lot of people who want to have more than a browser of just edge are gonna go, well, this won't work for me. You may as well at this point buy a Chromebook, because if you're not gonna be able to get to run the apps and all that, this is also a shift we're seeing in the market overall, simply because more and more people want that high level of security from an administrative thing. You don't want people loading random stuff, but as more things become web-based, it's becoming much less relevant. So the desktop and Microsoft may be losing some relevance in the desktop market because we're seeing this with the popularity of small things like Chromebooks because everything's so web-enabled and getting better that the desktop environments are becoming less favorable because of all the problems, the updates, and tying yourself to just one machine versus kind of the work anywhere I log into web portal. Matter of fact, one of the things I learned a lot about when I was at Microsoft is how much of their workflow is completely in a web base for the back end without loading apps on their computers. So even Microsoft internally is seeing the shift, so this is kind of to me almost like the death throes of the operating system world for Microsoft and that's also why they're doubling down on Azure because that's where the next revenue model really is and it's being proven out in the market that these apps get built and run there. So Windows 10S, the concept to keep a very locked down system, so some systems people may like it, but only if you can get those apps into the store. Now I know they're constantly trying to add more apps and more of the commonly used apps and business into the store, but obviously this, especially in like let's say small schools and things like that, what are they gonna do? They have to load software maybe for the robotics team. You're like, oh, these Windows 10S ones, you don't have an app that's in the store.  Sorry, we only run store apps. You have to then get it published in the store and come back, so it kind of, it breaks all that. So I don't really, I get where they're going with it. I get the demand for security, implementing it this way with a very weak store. It's kind of like giving you a fun phone and not having an app market to support it. Oh wait, Microsoft did that. That's why we don't see Microsoft phones anymore, and this is the same problem. They don't have a developed ecosystem for their app market that has the most popular tools that people want loaded on their computers. Therefore, I don't know where they're going with Windows 10S, but Windows 10S, Neaton Concept, I don't know about implementation, so I just wanted to get you informed here on how it works, what it is, and the differences in different versions of Windows 10, including Windows 10S. So like I said, I'll leave links below to all this so you can read through this yourself and double check this little list of all the features in case you think you need one of these other versions. Thanks, if you like to count in here, like and subscribe.


وأقول في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزاله وأقول قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأوله الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على عبد الله ورسوله نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته مرحباً لك مرحباً جديد من المدرسة العمارية والمدرسة العمارية هو أخبرني سأخبرك وذلك بالتأكيد تأكيد من المتحدث عن الله سبحانه وتعالى وقال ربكم ودعوني أستجب لكم إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون جهن مداخرين ومدخلوا بي وأنا سأخبركم الله سبحانه وتعالى وقالوا بي وأنا سأخبركم إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون جهن مداخرين وعيادة والله نحن نجمع الله من ذلك فالتأكيد من هذا العبر هو التأكيد عن دعاء وإننا سأغيروا كثيراً من الموضوع دعاء it's etiquettes it's virtue the times and places and manners of making دعاء some of the things that we should avoid when making دعاء the means for your دعاء to be accepted وإن نحن الله يتأكيد نهاية سنذهب من بعض الأدعية الأدعاء التي كانت تفعلها والأدعاء التي كانت جامعة يتكفرون كل شيء يتكفرون كل الأشياء التي يحتاجها في one دعاء ونحن نحاول أن نتكفر بعض الأشياء إن شاء الله وتعالى لنبدأ بالتحدث عن الدعاء الدعاء والدعاء لنغوية يجب أن تجدون أشياء مختلفة يجب أن تجدون الأدعاء لإدعاء أحد أو أخبر أحد يجب أن تجدون بعض الأسكالات صاحبه لتشعر أو تشعر وإبن فارس رحمه الله وتعالى said الدعاء أنت ميلة إليك الشيء بصوت وكلام يكون منك said دعاء لنغوية is to gain the attention of something with a sound and a speech that comes from you so you make a sound like a cry or a speech that comes from you and through that you gain the attention or you cause something to turn towards you and of course this is all linguistically and we can't just take that and copy paste it as it relates to الله سبحانه وتعالى because of course we have to make sure that we say about Allah سبحانه وتعالى only that which is befitting to say about him سبحانه وتعالى but this linguistic meaning of دعاء you can find it in سورة البقرة in ayah number 171 in which الله عز و جل said يسمع إلا دعاء ونداء صن من بك من عم يوم فهم لا يعقلون the example of those who disbelieve is the example of the one who ينعقوا who calls out to those who do not hear anything except دعاء ونداء they don't hear anything except a cry and a call something that gains their attention that turns them towards you and someone making noise you know get calling them or bringing them and this is the example and the scholars of تفصيل differed about the ayah but just to give one example so people are clear some of the scholars of تفصيل they said that this is the example of the callers to Allah from the prophets and the messengers and those who follow them in good and the disbelievers the prophets and the messengers call the people to Allah with the best of address the best way of address and with the most wise of words and the most beautiful of speech but just like the animals the only thing they hear they can't understand the only thing they hear are just someone raising their voice and someone calling them and getting their attention صن من بك من عم يوم death, dumb and blind فهم لا يعقلون they cannot understand they cannot process what is being they don't internalize what is being said to them so the reason I brought this ayah is just to show you the use of the word دعا linguistically as for the دعا which is in Islam then we don't really need to provide a a تعريف we don't need to provide a definition for it but we need to highlight the part of the linguistic definition that relates to it and that is نداء that is to call upon الله سبحانه و تعالى with خضور with submission and humility that's the part of the linguistic definition that we actually need for the Islamic definition in all honesty we don't need to define دعا because دعا is so well known that everyone Insha'Allah watching this video knows what دعا is that we don't need to provide a definition for it but we do need to highlight the part of the linguistic definition that applies and that is to call out to Allah سبحانه و تعالى not to scream but to call out to Allah سبحانه و تعالى and to seek something from Allah سبحانه و تعالى to call out to Allah سبحانه و تعالى with submission and humility i.e. in the form of an act of worship because no doubt the linguistic meaning of دعا could be used for something which is worship and something which isn't worship could be used for something which is worship and something which isn't worship in other words just calling out like we said just calling out the shepherd who calls out to the animals the shepherd who calls out to the animals you could call that دعا but it's not عبادة right it's not a kind of worship whereas the kind of worship is the دعا which has a ذل it has complete humility and a خضور submission and humbleness in the form of that you know in the sense of that act of worship that you do towards Allah سبحانه و تعالى وذن نوني إذ ذهب مغاضبا فظن أن لن قدرا عليه فنادا في الظلومات أن لا إله إلا أنت سبحانكا إني كنتم من الظالمي when the noon left the city in a state of anger thinking mistakenly under the impression that Allah would not seize him for that that Allah would not punish him for that and then he called out فنادا في الظلومات he called out أن لا إله إلا أنت سبحانكا he called out his famous dua which we're going to come to in a subsequent episode إن شاء الله و تعالى but here just to understand that an element of dua is the calling out to Allah سبحانه و تعالى the need calling out to Allah عز و جل but calling out to Allah سبحانه و تعالى the submission and humility that is the part of the linguistic definition that we are interested in for the purpose of our discussion as it relates to as it relates to dua so that being said let us take some of the ayat of the Quran that tell us about the greatness of dua and that dua is the essence of عبادة dua brings together all of the elements that if you like the elements that represent عبادة all of عبادة can be found and represented within the action of dua let's look at some of the ayat of the Quran and let's take some of the benefits from those ayat first of all we're going to deal with the ayah إن صورة غافر و قال ربكم و دعوني أستجب لكم إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادة سيد خورون جهن مداخل و كرأة أرجوك أسمع سادي سيخبرني و سأكبر أجهدك إن الذين يؤمنون كبيرا أن يستسيدني سأضعين لهم جهنم فالفعل الله إزا و جل يتع�ى يساعدك يتع�ى searden يتعاوك و دعوني يتعاوك و سيخبرك و يتعاوك ادخل من الله ان الله لا يخلف المعات الله لا يساعد ادخل منه انه سيكلم ادخل منه وانا الله ازوجل يخبرنا ان هؤلاء الناس who have إستقبار they are proud where did they get this pride from who منسن لهم هذه السنة السيئة who is the one who established for them this this evil example إبليس أبا واستقبر وكان من الكافذين he refused and he had إستقبار he was proud he had pride he was proud and arrogant and he was from the disbelievers so those people who are too proud to worship me what do we see in the ayah we see that Allah إزوجل makes إبادة and دعاء سنونمس with each other in the sense that Allah uses إبادة when he was speaking about دعاء in other words those people who are too proud to worship me those people who are too proud too arrogant to make دعاء to me will enter جهنم disgraced and that is a threat of punishment for the one who is too proud to worship Allah and that is exemplified by being too proud to call upon Allah and too proud to ask Allah إزوجل for help and to turn to Allah سبحانه وتعالى in دعاء the next ayah that we are going to take is what Allah إزوجل tells us about إبراهيم عليه السلام وأعتزلكم وما تدعون من دون الله وأدعوا ربي عساء لا أكون بدعاء ربي شقية فلما اعتزلهم وما يعبدون من دون الله وهذنا له إسحاق ويعقوب وكلا جعلنا لبيا صور مريم and this is in صور مريم between ayah number 48 and ayah number 49 براهيم said that I will distance myself from you and what you worship besides Allah and I will call upon my Lord I will make dua to my Lord I hope that I will not be negligent and wretched and one who brings upon myself wretchedness because of my as it relates to my dua so when he separated himself from them and distance himself from them and what they used to worship besides Allah we gave for him إسحاق ويعقوب and each of them we made a prophet and there are many ayat like this in the Quran الله عز وجل said فدعوا الله مخلصين له الدين صور غافر ayah number 14 call upon Allah make dua to Allah making the religion sincerely for him alone so calling upon Allah is the essence of إخلاص calling upon Allah alone is the core of example of what it means to be sincere to Allah سبحانه وتعالى and sincerity to Allah is an essential part of your dua that your dua is alone for Allah سبحانه وتعالى and he is the only one that you make dua too وأن المساجد لله فلا تدعوا مع الله أحدة the masajid belong to Allah so don't make dua to anyone else besides Allah and Allah سبحانه وتعالى told us in صورة الأعراف ادعوا ربكم تضرعم وخفية إنه لا يحب المعتدين call upon your Lord تضرعم وخفية in a state of in a state of humility in a state of submission in a state of need in a state of fear indeed Allah does not love those who transgress the boundaries and Allah سبحانه وتعالى told us in صورة غافر هو الحي الذي لا إله إلا هو فا دعوه مخلصين له الدين الحمد لله رب العالمين this is ayah number 65 he is Al-Hay it's one of the names of Allah سبحانه وتعالى the ever living Al-Hay his name Al-Hay it gathers together all of the attributes of Allah سبحانه وتعالى that relate to him he is Al-Hay the one that there is no God worthy of worship but him because of this because of the attributes of Allah and his names and because of who he is and what he does فا دعوه you have to make dua to him مخلصين له الدين making the religion only for him الحمد لله رب العالمين all praise is only for Allah Lord of everything that exists العالمين all of the worlds the world of the jinn the world of the angels the world of the men the world of the heavens the world of the earths الحمد لله رب العالمين look how Allah سبحانه وتعالى tells us about himself and then tells us that because of what you know about Allah and his names and his attributes and his روب بيه and his اسماء and his صفات his lordship and his names and his attributes فا دعوه so what is obligatory upon you is that you make dua to him alone and you make the religion for him alone سبحانه وتعالى and Allah سبحانه وتعالى وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإمني قريب أجيبوا دعوة الدعي إذا دعان فليستجيبوا لي وليؤمنوا بي لعلهم يرشوتوا صورة البقرة and this is in ayah number 186 and if they ask you if my servants ask you about me then say to them that I am near الله عز وجل is قريب الله سبحانه وتعالى knows everything Allah sees everything Allah hears everything الله عز وجل is قريب and Allah explains the meaning of this فإمني قريب I am near أجيبوا دعوة الدعي إذا دعان I answer the dua I answer the dua of the one who calls upon me the one who makes dua to me I answer the dua فليستجيبوا لي لتهم أنسني I let them answer me I let them answer me I let them answer me I let them answer me I let them answer me I let them answer they have been commanded to do when Allah has called you and invited you to do something answer that invitation answer that call well you mean will be and let them believe in me لعلهم يرشدون perhaps they will be guided perhaps they will be guided or so that they may be guided and Allah عز وجل said أما يجيبوا المضطرة إذا دعا ويكشفوا السوء ويجعلكم خلافاء الأرض آئلاهم مع الله قليلا ما تذكرون سورة النمل آية number 62 ويجعل الله عز وجل who is it that answers who is it that answers the مضطر the one in desperate need when they call upon him ويكشفوا السوء and he removes and uncovers and draws the harm causes it to go away the harm that had happened to a person and he makes you established on the earth with authority on the earth is there a God with Allah is there an object of worship with Allah is there anything else that answers the مضطر when they make dua the desperate one when they make dua is there anyone else who can remove the harm from you is there anyone else who can give you authority on the earth is there a God with Allah little is it that they remember and for this reason if a person the more a person knows about Allah عز وجل and his names and his attributes and his actions the stronger the person's connection will be with Allah عز وجل and the more the more pure their dua will be and the greater their dua will be and the greater their humility will be before Allah سبحانه وتعالى and the more likely it will be that their dua will be accepted and the more they will stand before Allah in a state of desperate need and humility because they know Allah and they know the greatness of Allah and they know their sin their sinful nature or how low they are in the sight of Allah سبحانه وتعالى so when they know Allah more they really fulfill the essence of worshiping Allah in a much much better in a much better way and that's why listen to the description of the prophets and the messengers in صورة الأنبياء صورة الأنبياء this is ayah number 90 which Allah عز وجل said they used to race each other in doing good deeds or they used to rush to do good deeds and they used to call upon us رغبا ورهبا in hope and in fear and they were in a state of deep submission and humility before us that's how the prophets and the messengers as after Allah mentioned a number of its prophets and messengers in صورة الأنبياء he mentioned he mentioned Ayyub he mentioned Yunus and he mentioned others from among the prophets in this page and then Allah عز وجل said إنهم كانوا يسارعون في الخيرات they used to rush and race to do good deeds ويدعوننا رغبا ورهبا and they called and made dua to us with hope and fear and they were in a deep state of submission and humility before us because they knew Allah more the more you know Allah and you know his names and his attributes and his actions the more you will make your religion sincere for Allah and the more you'll worship Allah as he deserves to be worshipped and the more you'll call upon Allah with hope and with fear and the more submissive and humble you will be and the more humility you will have and that's not just the description of the prophets and the messengers but it's also the description of the believers in سورة السجدة تتجاف جنوبهم عن المضاجر يدعون ربهم خوفا وطمعا ومن ما رزقناهم ينفقون فلا تعلم نفس ما أخفئ لهم من قررة أعيوني جزاءا بما كانوا يعملون سورة السجدة بين آية number 16 and آية number 17 they raise themselves from their sides out of their beds and they call upon Allah at night and they make a du'aa to Allah in fear and in hope they fear the punishment of Allah they hope in Allah's mercy and Allah's reward and they spend out of what we have provided them so a person from among those people doesn't know what has been kept hidden from them from the pleasures of the eye as a reward for what they used to do and Allah said in سورة الكهف وصبر نفسك مع الذين يدعون ربهم بالظادات والعشيب يريدون وجهة be patient keep in yourself or Muhammad or Muhammad keep be patient in being with those people who make du'aa to their Lord in the morning and the evening seeking his face سبحان الله and if you wanted an evidence for the importance of being around good people look at this be patient be consistent keep yourself around those people keep yourself with the people around you who should be the people around you the people who are calling upon their Lord in the morning and in the evening they're making du'aa to Allah in the morning and the evening and they only seek the face of Allah those are the people you should have around you so that description of du'aa and knowing upon Allah that's not only for the prophets and the messengers rather it is also for the believers who followed the example of the prophets and the messengers that's what Allah made easy for me to mention in this episode and in the next episode we're going to talk about some of the evidence from the sunnah to introduce the concept and the topic and the importance of du'aa أنا الله إزا وجل نوز بست والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعي السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته how can you do a two second action right now that will give you a share of the reward of everything we're doing on this youtube channel simple like this video and click subscribe why it will allow youtube to recommend our videos to other users and imagine the huge amount of reward that could be waiting for you on the day of judgement if you did that with a sincere intention of spreading the deen of Allah you'll be rewarded for every single person who benefits from one of our videos as a result of your like or subscribe that's an easy two second action that you definitely don't want to miss out on do it now click like and subscribe and don't forget to make that intention


You see using leadership perspectives knowledge and understanding standard is competitor will write and edit an expository or new formative essay you guys have not read anything about the average all your studies all your schools that you may go into for NCOES so yes you do need to be close to soldiers will use no less than five hundred and two words good job seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, three, three, two, one, go. alright, you guys ready to start, all right Glangers, you guys all ready? let's slide them out of them, all we have to do is breathe, four, five, six, seven, four, seven, eight. Good job, Carlson. She got this all day now. $20. down 90 all the way up one, two, three, four five Okay, is that?


Welcome, thank you all for coming to this press conference on the renewable energy standard reform. My name is Jessica Van Oort, I'm on the board of 350 Vermont. I also chair our local planning commission down in Pallet where I live and my wife and I own and run a small business. I'll be getting things started here today and we will be hearing from several other speakers. But we want to open first with a land acknowledgement. Welcome Earl. Quite. Today we acknowledge that we live on and share and help protect the ancestral lands of the Adenaki Nation, the Al-Nubak, our name for the people, the Wobanakiak, the people of the Donland, as the traditional caretakers in Dakina which includes Vermont, parts of New Hampshire, Maine, northern Massachusetts and Quebec called Wobanakiak, the Donland. We honor this land today on the banks of Manushtuk, also known as the Manuski River named after our delicious ramps. We pay our respect to our ancestors, elders, relations past, present and emerging. All of us here together, indigenous and non-indigenous, pledge our hearts to support and protect this land for future generations. All of us here together. We'll leave any. So we all have just experienced a summer like we've never had before. We've never had supermonitors lost homes and livelihoods. And we also lost any lingering feelings that climate change cannot touch us here.  If we don't get off sources of energy that release greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, what we're experiencing right now is going to be magnified. As we approach the 1.5 degree Celsius tipping point, we need to do all that we plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a way that doesn't place a burden on marginalized communities here in Vermont or beyond our borders. Over the past two years, Vermonters across the state have become increasingly vocal about revisiting the renewable energy standard, which is the law that governs how much renewable energy electric utilities are required to source and what the definition of that renewable energy is. As a result of this advocacy, lawmakers are taking another look at the renewable energy standard. We have an opportunity right now in our state to not only change the emissions and social impacts of our electricity here, but to provide an example for the rest of the country about what is possible. We want to thank the Legislative Working Group, the body tasked with making recommendations for a reformed renewable energy standard for their work this fall. While the working group stakeholders seem to agree that we need 100 percent renewable energy by 2035, there isn't agreement about what should count as renewable. We hope lawmakers will champion a renewable energy standard that requires our electricity to come from 60 percent new solar and wind by 2035 and end the practice of unbundled renewable energy credits, known as REX, especially from large hydropower. This is what we need to kick fossil fuels off the grid and make sure we aren't exporting the harms of our energy production. This fall, 350 Vermont toured the state with our Empower Vermont campaign. We've had over 200 Vermonters attend our events. Almost half the attendees have committed to advocating for a truly green and just renewable energy standard. So far, there have been 29 public comments made to the working group expressing support in line with our values. At every event we have, we ask the room, how much of our electricity should come from wind and solar? The answer is almost unanimously 100 percent. Vermont has a reputation for being green, but this is in many ways a false narrative. In terms of our electricity, allowing sources like large hydrodrone and the use of REX makes our emissions reduction look much better on paper than they are up in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, Hydro-Quebec plans to flood more lands up north. We can't have Vermont relying on this power that causes significant ecological damage, produces methane emissions, and destroys traditional indigenous lands. We also need to stop relying on renewable energy credits, a practice that 16 attorneys general have deemed deceptive, writing to the Federal Trade Commission that, quote, REX alone do not support renewable energy and instead can harm the renewable energy industry, end quote. Instead, we want to see a reformed renewable energy standard that prioritizes and incentivizes tier two, which is in state, low emissions renewables, including local community energy projects and makes this power accessible to low and moderate income Vermonters, ensures that we're meeting our renewable energy goals through adding new sources, ends the practice of using hydro-Quebec renewable energy credits to offset Vermont's use of fossil fuels, prohibits additional large hydropower to be used to meet new renewable energy goals, and does not export the negative impact of dirty energy to communities and ecosystems beyond our borders. So with that, I would like to introduce our next speaker, who is Gael Polstamp, a farmer, parent, and a member of the Vermont Climate Council. Gael. Good afternoon. I'm here today to speak to you as a farmer, a parent, and someone who has witnessed the impacts of climate change firsthand. This summer was the most challenging season I've experienced in over two decades of farming. The heavy rainfall and flooding in Vermont highlighted our food system's increasing vulnerability to the effects of global warming, while our culture has always been subject to inherent risks. The loss of crops due to what initially seemed like a minor rainstorm provided a glimpse into the potential uncertainties ahead. I would like to bring your attention to the image next to me. The picture on the left was taken on July 12th, just two days after the major flooding. However, it continued to rain heavily throughout July and August. As a result, this field did not dry out until September. Unfortunately, by that time, my crops had already withered away. On the other hand, the photo on the right shows what a good growing season can produce. This is why it is imperative that we address this crisis with the utmost urgency and responsibility it requires and utilize all the resources available to us. Climate change is not a distant theoretical threat. It is happening now, and as we can see, we are already feeling its effects. The unpredictable weather patterns and natural disasters, we will have catastrophic consequences for farmers in Vermont and across the globe if we do not take immediate action. Climate models suggest that rising global temperatures of two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels could lead to vulnerabilities in the world's food-producing regions, which could be disastrous. In the past, when one of the world's breadbasket regions faced a natural disaster, other regions were able to fill that gap. But what if multiple food-producing areas experienced extreme disruption and catastrophe? What sort of geopolitical instability will ensue if billions of people are starving because they cannot access food? Unfortunately, these scenarios are not far-fetched, and if we do not rapidly increase the use of renewable energy, I worry about what the future holds. We cannot afford to delay action on the climate crisis if we want to ensure a thriving global food system for future generations. Taking urgent steps to reduce emissions will pave the way for a brighter and more hopeful future for our children and grandchildren. That is why I'm here today to urge policymakers to employ every measure possible, beginning with passing the Renewable Energy Standards Reform Bill. Thank you. And now I'd like to welcome Earl Hatley, enrolled citizen of Abenaki Nation of Mrs. Quoy, environmental scientist and co-founder of LEED Agency. Mr. Quoy, once again, I'm here to speak on the Renewable Energy Standard Bill. We would like to have a clean Renewable Energy Standard Bill. By clean, I mean a bill that supports community solar wind and storage, a res bill that eliminates false solutions, including renewable natural gas, biomass, hydrogen, and especially biofuels and large hydrodams such as Hydro-Quebec, which impact our indigenous peoples' communities, our cultural rights to subsistence. Biofuels destroy the rainforest and indigenous cultures' rights, while Hydro-Quebec floods indigenous lands, poisons the aquatic life with methylmercury, and melts arctic waters with warm water discharges that drive away marine life from arctic fishing and hunting areas. Hydro-Quebec is also proposing to add landfill gas and nuclear power to its energy mix in the future. Vermont does not need these false solutions. We want a res bill that ends the purchase and sales of renewable energy credits. We want a bill that supports low utility rates to 6% and 10% for low and middle income households. This is the kind of solution that Vermont needs. This is the kind of solution that we here support. We are hoping that the legislature is listening today. We'll leave it to you. Most of you are probably already familiar with Bill McKibbin, environmental activist and founder of 350.org. Bill could not be here with us today, but he sent us this video. Hello, everybody. It's Bill McKibbin. I so wish I was there in person, but I'm not because I'm off failing to save the world so far else, but in this case, I think Vermont is poised to play a really important role if we can get this right. Here's the thing, two things to know about 2023. One of them is depressing. This was the hottest year in 125,000 years. Climate change has broken out. We're seeing the year that I was writing about back in 1989 when I wrote The End of Nature. This is what I was thinking about. Part of me is really alone. 2023 is also seeing finally a breakout of renewable energy by mid-summer around the world. We were putting up about a gigawatts worth of solar power a day. Half of that was in China, so the rest of the world needs to get under the same kind of curve. It's possible because solar power is now pretty cheap. We live on a planet for the cheapest way to produce energy is to point a sheet of glass like a sun. It's not for your problem. You have to mine lithium for properties and so on and so forth. But those things are far, far less destructive than the fossil fuel regime we're in right now where we're destroying the planet's climate system and where 9 million people a year around this planet are dying from breathing the combustion by-products of fossil fuel. We can't stop burning stuff. Bilements, coal, gas, oil. We're lying instead on the fact that the good Lord was kind enough to hang a large ball of burning gas 93 million miles up in the sky and we now have the wit to make the four years of it. But making full use of it, catching its rays on affordable panels, taking advantage of the fact that it differentially heats the earth, producing the breeze that we can catch in those turbines, taking advantage of it means having some solar panels and having some turbines. They do not need to cover every inch of the line. They don't even need to cover most of it, but they do need to cover some of it and we cannot be saying that aesthetic grounds alone are enough to block this stuff. That if we do that, then we offload all the cost of our energy, of our energy and use under other people, and we offload the cost of the last 100 years of our energy use under other people, in other places who are poorer and more vulnerable. For one is a huge carbon debt. You can do some of that sadly through the flooding in our own state, but other people are paying even more of it and in solidarity with them, we need to be moving now. We can afford to do it now. It will produce more reliable power and more affordable power for our launchers and it will produce a world with some future for our kids and our kids. That's what RES reform matters. That's why we have to move fast to really, really increase the amount that we're producing here. It's an easily measured bottom line and one that we've got to go to work on. So I'm really happy people like Thomas Hans and so many others are pushing now and with their expertise and intelligence and all your hard work, I think we'll get done with what it means doing. I hope we will because I do not want 2023 to turn out to have been the coolest year for the rest of my life. Thanks y'all. Susan. So to wrap up, as we do the electrification we need in the heating and transportation sectors, our electricity use is only going to increase. It's urgent that we bring new solar and wind online because that's what will ultimately kick fossil fuels off the grid and lower emissions. This is our chance as a state to say yes and to lay the foundation for our electricity to come from low emission sources that don't export the harms of our energy use. We are asking the working group and our legislature to deliver this for Vermonters. Thank you.