Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Paninian Grammar. We begin our lecture with the recitation of the Mangala Charana. In this course, initially we have studied the overall theory of compounding as stated in the Paninian Grammar. In this course, we also studied the concepts of Samarthya, Ikarthi Bhava and Vyapeksha. We studied the sources, namely the great Vyakarana Mahabhasya of Patanjali, which said that the word Samarthha in the Sutra Samarthapadavidhi can be interpreted in four ways. Samadhartha and Samprekshitartha, that interpretation would explain the Vyapeksha-Lakshana Samarthya, and Sangatartha and Samsvistartha would explain the Ikarthi Bhava-Lakshana Samarthya. We also noted down the four broad categories of Samasas in Sanskrit. They are Vyai Bhava, Takpurusha, Bahuvrihi and Dhvandva. We said that amongst these four, Takpurusha-Samasa occupies a special position. This seems to be the most productive of the Samasas, and one of the other important features of this Samasa is that the number of sutras Panini has composed in order to explain various processes involving the derivation of the Takpurusha-Samasa are quite numerous in comparison with the other Samasas. The process of Takpurusha-Samasa derivation can be explained in the form of an equation in this particular manner, where we have two independent, two separate entities X and Y put in separate square brackets. The plus sign indicates that they are semantically interrelated. X has a different independent meaning. Y also has different independent meaning. X has different independent accent. Y also has different independent accent. The word forms are also unique and different and independent of each other. So, each one of them has a distinct identity. Now, the speaker thinks that these both entities should be merged together and one new entity needs to be generated in the speech perhaps as a variation in order to express certain meaning. So, X and Y, they are put together and a new entity is generated. This is XY. This is one word form denoting one meaning and also having one accent. So, this is one entity. Out of the two entities as input, the output returned is one entity XY. This process is called Ekarthibhava and also there are three features of this Ekarthibhava discussed in the tradition, namely Ekarthibhava or Ekarthata, Ekapadhyava or Ekapadthata and Ekashvaraya or Ekashvarata. So, these three features are part of this XY as an output. In the Tathpura Samasa amongst these two constituents X and Y, it is Y which assumes the head shape semantically and that is why it is highlighted with bold letter XY. And now if XY is to be related with any other external word, it has to be through Y which is the head. Then we were studying various kinds of Tathpurasas. Prominent amongst them is the Vibhakti Tathpura. And this Vibhakti Tathpura also highlights the fact that the Samasa is based on the Karaka theory and the fact that sentence is the input and prathipadika is the output as far as the compound derivation theory is concerned. Amongst the Vibhakti Tathpurasas we have so far studied. Vitya Vibhakti Tathpura. Tritya Vibhakti Tathpura. Chaturthi Vibhakti Tathpura. Panchami Vibhakti Tathpura. Saptami Vibhakti Tathpura. And now we are studying the Shasti Tathpura. Vitya Vibhakti Tathpura was stated by a bunch of sutras beginning with Vitya, Shrita, Tita, Patita, Gatatya, Stap, Prapta, Pan, Nayi, Hi. Tritya Vibhakti Tathpura was stated by another set of sutras beginning with Tritya, Tathkritar, Thena, Guna, Vachanena. Chaturthi Vibhakti Tathpura stated only by one sutra. Chaturthi Tatharthartha Balihita Sukha Raksitayi Hi. Panchami Tathpura is also stated by a few sutras beginning with Panchami Bhayena. Saptami Tathpura is stated by a number of sutras beginning with Saptami Shaundayi Hi. Shasti Tathpura is stated by the sutras from 2 to 8 to 2 to 16. But there is only one sutra, Shasti, which prescribes the Shasti Tathpura Samasa in a very generic nature. We have already studied this in the previous lecture. And there we said that the sutra, Shasti consists of only one padda, namely Shasti, and this is in the Prathama. And therefore, the Subanta, which ends in Shasti, is termed Upasarjanam. Prathama nirudhistham Samasa Upasarjanam. And then this Upasarjanam occupies the initial position of the compound by the sutra Upasarjanam Purvam. And then the process continues. So, there is only one sutra, Shasti 2 to 8, which prescribes the Shasti Tathpura compound. The rest of the sutras, they negate the Shasti Tathpura compound. And this goes to show the overall scope of the Shasti Tathpura compound because the meaning of the Vibhakti Shasti is many fold. Shasti Vibhakti denotes relation in general, relations between nominal roots and nominal roots. And these relations could be of several kinds, Jnana Janaka Bhava, Swaspami Bhava, Avaya Vibhava, etc., etc. We also then studied one sutra which negated the Shasti Tathpura Samasa na nirdharanai. In the same context, we also studied a statement which says Pratipada Vidhana Shasti Na Samaswati. This is extremely important and this negates the Shasti compound. Now, let us continue and study the next sutra which negates the Shasti compound with the following elements stated in this sutra 2 to 11. So, the sutra 2 to 11 reads like this. I repeat. Of course, in the sutra there are no two padhas, there is only one padha which is This is instrumental singular with all these and these types of words. That is the meaning. Words continued are The other words continued are All this put together, the meaning of the sutra is the following. Any Shastianta Subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated Subanta having Purana, etc. as features. So, Purana is a kind of meaning. Guna is also a meaning. So, Hitartha also refers to the meaning. Sat is a technical term denoting two suffixes. We shall study this now. Avvaya is a set of elements also known as indeclinables. Tavvaya is a suffix and Samana Gikarana also refers to the meaning. Co-referential. So, Purana, etc. these are the features of the Subantas and such Subantas do not get compounded with the Shastianta Subanta even though they are semantically related. So, the semantic relatedness which is a precondition exists and yet the compounding does not take place. That is the reason why this sutra is stated. So, what is Purana, etc. Let us read that. Purana refers to a process where the cardinal numbers are added with a suffix and they are turned into ordinal numbers. We will study this now. Gura refers to a quality. So, Hitartha refers to the synonyms of Sohita that is beneficial. Sat refers to two suffixes denoting present tense. These are the Krith suffixes. Avvaya refers to an indeclinable. Tavvaya is a kind of Krithya suffix meaning object and the state and Samanadhi Karana means co-referential having the same substratum, co-locus also means having the same case ending. Let us study what is Purana. So, Purana as we said earlier is a process which denotes the ordinal numbers. This is the term of suffixes in the sense of order added to the numbers. They are stated in 5248 up to 5258. The sutra is the Sya Purana Datta. So, Purana is the meaning, completion of a particular number. The Sya Purana Datta. So, we have the word Panchan which means 5 and now if we have to say the 5th completed that means the order is to be denoted and somebody is standing on the 5th position then we will add the suffix Dat to it and then there is a sutra, Nanta, the Sankhya, the Matu which will add the augment Ma and then we shall get the form Panchamma. Panchamma means 5th. Panchan means 5. Now, this Panchamma can be related with the Shasti in the sense of Nirdharana as well and some other senses as well, however also. Similarly, Dasan is the number word denoting 10 and following the same process you add the suffix Dat after Dasan and then add the augment Mat, Nanta, the Sankhya, the Matu and then you derive the form Dasamma. Dasan means 10. Dasamma means 10th. 10 completed. Now, this Dasamma can be related with the Subanta ending in the Shasti and there could be semantic relatedness in the form of avayava avayavi, etc. Similarly, you have the word Chatur, meaning 4 and then Shat kati kati paya chaturam thuk by this sutra you add the augment Th and then you add the suffix of course add the suffix Dat and you derive the form Chaturtha which means 4th. So, now even the feminine forms are there Panchami, Dasami, Chaturthi, etc. they are also derived in accordance with this particular process described just now. Now, when these forms come in relation with Subanta ending in the 6th case for example, Chhatranam Panchamaha Chhatranam Dasamaha 5th amongst the students 10th amongst the students and then here there is semantic relatedness and so the compound is possible but 2 to 11 says that this compound is not done. This compound is not derived by the speakers of Sanskrit. They have not thought about these meanings to be expressed by the process of compounding. So, there is no compounding happening in this case. So, the other Purana suffixes also follow suit and there is no compounding with them Subanta which ends in the 6th triplet Shasti. Then we go to Guna which is a quality. So, we have the word Karshnir which means blackness. The synonym of this would be Krishna Ta. Similarly, you have Shaukliyam whiteness. The synonym would be Shukla Ta. So, now you have Kakasya Karshniam Balakayaha Shaukliyam and Kakasya and Balakayaha. This is a Shasti and there is the avayavibhava relation and so there is semantic relatedness. So, there is possibility that both the words might get compounded. In fact, the Sutra Shasti also lays down the condition for the compounding of these two words but the speakers of Samskrit have never thought about bringing these two elements together and forming a compound and so that decision on the part of the speakers of Samskrit gets reflected in this particular Sutra when the Sutra says Purana Guna and this is not compounded with the Shasti. Similarly, the next term we had in the Sutra is Suhitartha which means synonyms of beneficial or satisfied Suhitra. Suhitra means beneficial or satisfied and the synonym of Suhitra would be Trupta and so, Phala Naam Suhitah or Phala Naam Trupthah So, here Suhitra and Phala they are semantically related. The beneficialness or the satisfiedness comes in relation with the fruits. When one sees the fruits of one's action one becomes satisfied. That is the meaning and so, Phala Naam and Suhitah Phala Naam and Trupthah these two are semantically related. So, the Suhitra Shasti would prescribe the compounding. However, the speakers of Samskrit have never thought of merging these two elements together and forming a compound and therefore, that decision gets reflected in the form of the negation presented in this particular Suhitra of the process of compounding. Then we go to the next element which is negated and that is Sat. Now, Sat as we said earlier is a term that refers to two suffixes denoting the present tense. The Suhitra defining Sat is Tau Sat, 3, 2, 127. Tau is a pronominal reference referring to the two suffixes stated earlier in 3, 2, 124, namely let her shatru shana chau apratama samanadi karane. So, in the sense of present tense shatru and shana ch are the two suffixes which are stated in place of the leth suffix when they also mean apratama samanadi karane. So, when apratama samanadi karane is the environment that is fulfilled shatru shana ch are the two suffixes which substitute leth. Now, shatru has sheh and ru as the markers shana ch has sheh and ch as markers. So, the suffixes which are visible in the form used in the usage are at and anna. So, we have kurvat and kurvana these are the shatranta and the shanajanta words. Now, we have bramhanasya kurvan and bramhanasya kurvana. These are the two elements these are the two laukika pigrahas and here the meaning is somebody who is doing something related to a bramhan. So, there is a general relation of the action of doing and bramhan and the relationship between bramhan and the action of doing is not explicitly explained by the words over here and so, in this case shesha relation is maintained. Therefore, there is shashti otherwise this shashti is also negated by another sutra naloka vya ya nistha khalar tutronam etc. But there it is said that if the relation meant is a very generic relation then this shashti takes place but such a shashti does not get compounded that is the point. So, bramhanasya kurvan and bramhanasya kurvana even though semantically related so, the sutra shashti would prescribe the shashti tatpurusha samasa but this sutra says that such a samasa is not thought about by the speakers of Sanskrit so, there is no compounding. Then we have avya ya which is indeclinable avyas are stated in a small section beginning with 1137 up to 1141 khutva to sun kasunahan is one such sutra 1140 so, we have bramhanasya krtva and bramhanasya rtva krtva and rtva are the prathipadikas which are derived by adding the suffix tva to the verbal roots kru and ru and so, we derive the forms krtva and rtva now, these are related to bramhana in the shesha format and so, there is semantic relatedness and so, sutra shashti would say that these two get compounded and then, this sutra says that such a compounding is not thought of by the speakers of samskrta so, there is no compounding that takes place finally, we have tavya which is a krtya suffix which is stated by the sutra tavya tavyani yaraha 3196 now, this suffix means karma and bhava object and the state of being so, we have the forms bramhanasya krtva and here, there is semantic relatedness the duty of bramhan and there is this shesha relation that exists so, there is shashti and there is semantic relatedness so, the sutra shashti states the compounding but this particular sutra negates this compounding and so, we don't have bramhanasya krtva, we are getting compounded there is one important point to be remembered over here the sutra 3196 says three suffixes tavyat, tavya and aniyar technically although tavyat and tavya are formally same, namely tavya there is this small marker that appears at the end of the first suffix tavyat the purpose of this th will be clear now, the shashti the purusha compound is negated only with tavya and not negated with tavyat so, bramhanasya krtva this will not be compounded if this krtva consists of the suffix tavya so, we need to also record the derivational history of the forms but if the history reveals that the word krtva is derived with the suffix tavyat, then there would be compounding that takes place and will have the form bramhana krtva now, what is the difference between tavya and tavyat the difference between tavya and tavya is that of accent the tavya is accented with the final swarita by the sutra tit swarita and so in krtva we have this final swarita whereas tavya is accented with an initial udattva by the sutra so, here in krtva we have this as udattva now, when we do the compounding the final swarita will be retained in accordance with 6 to 139 and so will have the krtva with the final swarita as a part of the compound finally, we have samanadhi karana coreferential having the same substratum so, if we have rajna pataliputrakas here rajan and pataliputrakas they both are referring to one and the same entity so, they are coreferential so, there is samarthya, there is semantic relatedness similarly, there is coreferentiality and the sutrasashti is prescribing the compound between these two semantically related words but this particular sutra says that such a compounding is not thought of by the speakers of samskrit but if the sashti is indicating the different substratum then the compound is possible samanadhi karana is not possible so, rajna purushaha sashti is there and there are two different substratum rajan and purusha and so, the sashti samasa takes place to summarize there are numerous negations to the sashti vibhaktitak purusha action plays an input input for the process of compounding it is assumed that sashti vibhakti is stated on account of the compound negation statement in case of sattu sashti vibhakti is stated in the sense of general relation we continue studying these negations of sashti samasa in the coming lecture these are the texts referred to and thank you for your patience


Facebook Y24 channel on X, Y24 underscore channel on Instagram and of course all those other lovely social media platforms like threads, TikTok we're still there and YouTube in case you miss an interview that or you just want to watch one particular interview over and over. You are allowed to just go out there. Hashtag of the day is MCM or generically Y in the morning. It is the second day of October. Happy new month again. May, August, September, May, Saturday, yes and today should be Friday but for some reason it remains to be Monday. Despite my wishes, despite my heart's palpitating for Friday, but it is well I am patient and I can wait. So, here we are into the political segment. We're going to talk about a couple of things that are going on. First of all we'll go through the newspaper and see how best we can tie what is going on currently with what we want to see as the youth. But now before I go any further allow me to allow my panelists to introduce themselves. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. So, it is a card. I am going to ask you to sit in the room and ask for a few questions. You don't pose. You don't have to pose. You don't have to pose. I am good. What is your good name sir? My name is MCTA Dennis. Do you have social media handle that you'd like? I would like to make some, you can find me at MCTA Dennis on Tiktok the same, on Facebook you can get me at MCTA Red and sell there. Why do you have that notion that Tiktok should be banned? As for me Tiktok should not be banned because on Tiktok there are those guys who are there to earn and they are doing adverts by selling their products, there are also those who are there to entertain us and make you laugh at least when you're bored. You can have some good fun clips and you're just out of nowhere you can laugh. Do you have a favorite comedian? Sorry? Do you have a favorite comedian? Favorite comedian? Yes, sure. I have. None yet? The MC Trekkie and Eric Amondi and they are the best. Okay. And you are sir? I go by Brighton Kevin Mahota and any social media account you can get me by Brighton Kevin Mahota. You are already honorable. Yeah, I've taken that. Honorable, not just you but generally it has changed the notion. It's supposed to be how you treat your people and how people see you and how people value you. But now Mouishimua has become like it's a tag. When you are now you're elected, even if you're not treating your people you want to be called Mouishimua. But now for me I'm honorable, how I treat my people, how they see me and how I walk around with them. That's why I'm called Honorable. I'm not going to give myself the name Honorable but they decided calling me Honorable. Then I accepted the calling. Please, if he's telling the truth just slide into our DM and confirm that he's treating you properly. Here we deal by example, we are very practical people. So speaking of people, I'm going to take a leaf of people daily today on the next page. So we have naturalism. I want to see what happened to Kipegan over here, I want to see all the time of violence of the political nature, kindly, change, change set. So we have this story, it's how political parties will share a 1.4 billion windfall. We are definitely, definitely going to look at that. Then on the side here, governor is set to face off in COG elections for top official, for top officials rather face stiff opposition in mid questions over their work over the last year. With raising the Kenyan flag, so it says inside Kenya police deadly Haiti mission. All right, so the force will not operate at the United Nations flag, but it's sponsored by the United States. Then we have a picture of their one, and of course Alfred and Mutuaki sumu and Kaka Megasik to host AFKON games, that is another story over there. So at least I like it, but I don't know why I've not put the picture of the people who are playing this board, but it's how we will forgive. So guys, we are going to start at us, first of all, how are you feeling about this particular story about counties being added? Do you think the economy, it goes sour? Okay, let me start with the one who's, by the way, please, short disclaimer guys, any views expressed here do not reflect those of the station currently, no matter how sensational they may be, they do not reflect those of the station. I am a courtesan. Why do you think it's okay before I come to MCTA? The population in Munga Zeka, and these MCAs, the governors, one has to manage their people who coach in. So if you add the number of counties, it will increase only the number of people who are serving. You know, we have some MCAs, they can't reach the entire population in Mepewa, and the fans of Mepewa doesn't reflect the people they have. So the counties who are not in time, and the ease of facilities of the fans, they can reach their people. So for me on my side, due to the population, they need to be added. You are very free to debate on this. I partly agree with Brighton, but I also disagree with his view. Increasing the number of counties, that will lead to lower emitting of fans, especially from the national government. The best thing they can do maybe is to increase the number of leaders in counties. Well, he's talking about the MCAs not being able to reach the locals. We have what you call the Numbakumis. We have the village elders, and we also have some other leaders. Instead of the counties being added, you can see if you only have 47 counties and at times, not even at times, it's very difficult for the national government to remit the fans to the counties. Now, take a scenario where we have 48 plus counties. How is it going to be easy for the government to remit fans? But I've told that we have 47 counties, but now we have several positions. And we make sure that you delegate your work. For example, you have the governor, the deputy governor. You have that hierarchy. You make sure that this department, this one we see here, and this department is working or it's not working. That may be the best, instead of adding more counties. That's my opinion, yes. All right, so I want to throw something in the works here. There's a time, I believe the matter is still in court, when his excellency had, when he was choosing his cabinets, there was an uproar. Or I would like to say uproar because people are complaining, I guess. Closest thing to uproar I can think of. So instead of the constitutionally given 25 cabinet secretaries, you're supposed to cabinet administrative secretaries. Whoa, Mudo more, I think ninja. So, yes, instead of, yeah, instead of, I wanted to say the whole thing. Kablanians of semacy, yes. And don't do it, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. So it's supposed to be constitutionally given 25. But he appointed 50. And then now came in the ruling, one of the courts now suspended it. And now something about a possible reshuffling of the dockets to Kianzi and Amos's poor hair. I don't know what he's doing in trade, but that's just me, like I said. The thoughts that are being expressed here do not reflect those of the station. So do you agree that we should have 50 versus 25? So you must have more people, more hands. In the first place, what is the function? Because we have a ministry, the CSS, the CS, non-liberal of the CS. They have the PSS who are now delegating the entire duties. So now what's the up of the CSS? It's like glorified nitrogen, personal assistance. There's no need to work with the CSS, it can be positions. No. The problem you have with our country, you have a lot of positions. And people are like, they are doing nothing, getting paid. For example, let me not be gender biased. No, if adding, when we add the counties, we are looking at the people. But now the CS, whom are they serving? They're serving their bosses. They're serving their bosses, they're not serving the people. The CS is serving the people directly. But now the CS is serving their bosses, you see? Now when I was talking about the counties, the MCS, they are serving their people. Now the big interest of the leaders of Kenya is supposed to be the people who elected them. Now who is electing the CSS? They're just being appointed to get cash. And the problem with Kenya, it is corruption number two. If you add in one institution, you add a lot of positions. Now the flow of cash or the flow of the corrupted money, it will be wide. So the money reaching the people, it will be less. Without being biased, or maybe without your contradiction, I may say, when you look at the last regime, or the first regime, or the former president, when you look at his cabinet, you know we say that there's a difference between a politician and a leader. So without being biased, I heard of a story where an elephant into a farm and he said because it was raining outside, just allow me to put my head in a house so that maybe my back can be rained on. Later the elephant also told the farmer, it's raining heavily. May I just put half of my body in your house? The farmer still accepted and the house was very small. Later the elephant said, may I just come in? Now that we're here. Now that when you look at the cabinet today, even ministry has a CSS and the midst still has the CSS and the APS. This is now the right time for the government to know who is a leader and who is a politician. There are those people, you just wake up one day, you even don't know how young they are.  Freedom of speech. Freedom of speech.  We elected you and you must show us that we elected you. You must serve us. We have these what we call bungalow monarchy. You've had famous people like the Kimby Kimby. You've had the emotion, these people. These guys are being suppressed. But if I told that these guys, whatever they speak, because literally when you look what, okay, we can talk, when you listen to what they speak, these guys at least they have visions. They know that at this point, there's something wrong. At this point, there's something right. But every time you'll see them criticize, because they believe that everything is not in order. So for me, I cannot say that electing 50, not electing 50, CSS is the best option. Rather, they should limit now and, okay, they can choose the 50s. But now in the 50s, whom are they electing? Is it because I gave you? I remember a certain statement said by a prominent person that this government is like, the government is like, what shall I say, shares. It has some shares. It has shareholders. Yeah, it's like a company. A certain leader said that. So when you look at those 50 CSS, for example, when you look where are they from, most of them you'll see them from those people in the government. And that's why you'll see these people criticizing them. So for me, I'll say that it's not in order to choose those 50 CSS. Rather, what they should do, they should choose leaders, not politicians. Look at those CSS. Are they leaders or politicians? But the question should be asked. The CSS were being appointed for loyalty. You know, all these people, they were loyal to the president. Yeah. So now it's just paying back. You can do it. Yeah, you can do it. I can do it. I can do it. Okay. But now choosing them, it was not the legal way. And I know the president is smart. But I'm not sure. That's why he just appointed them. And I said, if you want to do it, you can do it. Wow. I'll do it. You can do it. Yeah, how will I do it? You can do it. So it was like, if you want to do it, then you have to step aside. You have to step aside. Know how smart it is. That guy is smart. So I remember this lady called Milsen Omang, and she was proud. She was posting everywhere. She had social media accounts, but she said yes. But when she saw it, she just laughed. She was a genius. But she said she was a genius. And I love her so much. For real. But as a guy, she said she loved Ruto. Because the guy is smart. The sitter is about to break something. I need to pick a ten-nil. We had everything. I need to pick a ten-nil. The most hurting thing. I bought for my press. Then I called my president, Rila. He goes to Karen, sleeps, waiting for the certificate. How? Okay. Before we continue with that line of thought, we haven't even touched on the story yet, which brought about this debate. But I do like something that you said, Ms. Sita. That's a tangent that you've taken about how sometimes you find politicians just speaking, just for the sake of speaking. I'd like to believe that most of the people in power at least have a communications team. That you're given provided speeches, whether you choose to read them or not, that's on you. But speech is provided. There's someone who is supposed to be managing your social media accounts. But when I see the things that I've been seeing rampant, the most standing for me was this go-between Nani, the governor, Sakaja, Sakaja and Babo, we know, yes, MP. And I was so confused. Of course, our favorite recording artist is Mike Sonko, who just records everything. That is why he's our favorite recording artist.  In fact, did you know that one of the... I'd say delegates for the United States refused to have a meeting with Moses Korya simply because of his sensational things that he says, yes. Yes, that's right. In any way, you can't remember. You can't remove the monkey from the forest. But you can't remove the forest in it. So these guys will make war like that. But you give them power, but they'll back it to you. So I can't even blame them. They are who they are. The DP, the DP is him. Uh-huh. Open.  He's a good guy. I can't even direct. That doesn't say something about us as a people who have said for them. If he made a mistake, you don't know. But now they are with us. Now we know. Now we know. Okay. No, it doesn't say anything for us. Even before the elections, you heard what these people were talking in their rallies. You could literally know that this person is insane or this person is insane. Uh-huh. So we are electing. We knew what you wanted. We were promised exactly the Bible is down. The government is going to perform. But less than three months in the government, you heard about the high coffee. You heard about the help not going to give funds to the comrades. Today, comrades are suffering. They added those funds. What? They added the funds. Because, yes, the finance acts right now are the highest. The funds are not being disbursed. The funds are not being disbursed. When I say, ma, to mongers, their prices are hell. But now the prices are good. To mongers, I mean. So in the story, you told us. Yeah, sweet stories. Sweet stories. Yeah, sweet stories. Oh, wow. They just had to inside. I know this comes in. I say that we make wrong choices. And as told, that choices have consequences. We elected leaders. There are several governors, President Emeritus from different universities. But they're not speaking. During the reigns of his Excellency, the coming president, Babu Wino, you could see what was happening. I'm sorry, what did you just say? He's excelling. They became President. Oh, OK. Babu Wino. Wow. During his reigns, comrades can tell you. Wow, OK. I was in primary. I really did not see that coming. But you could see how this guy was working. And even up to date, you can see that the media doesn't fail. Uh-huh. Those videos that you've looked at before and how this guy was vocal, he's excelling, sorry to use the word guy. How his Excellency Babu was very vocal and how he was very widely, especially when it comes to serving their comrades. Today's leadership, especially for the students. The students are not engaging or let me say, they are not advocating. You will go there. For example, you just elect. For example, sometimes, you know, we said that women can lead. But how can they lead? For example, when it comes to students, you elect a student leader who is a female as a governor of the station or a president of the station. If comrades are going to complain, crying to him that we are not getting this, we are not getting this, the President will go there. But what are they going to do? We are what you call tokenism. They are giving a small token, they keep quiet. tokenism. Wow. Now if a kid is going to go to school, they are going to leave. We are not going to leave. So we are weak Indians. We are the ones who make bad choices. They make bad choices. They look to make bad choices. To become a farmer. To become a farmer. And this is this cliché we have, to become a farmer. To become a farmer. It is not common. So I rather say that instead of telling us we have to become a farmer, just keep it for yourself, you're okay right now. Okay. Yeah, let's go to Sam. All right, Makotsa, before I go to you, one more time with the disclaimer. I like that he has a president ready in mind. I'm glad that you're very passionate about this, but kindly, again, the thoughts and feelings expressed here on this set right now do not reflect those of the station. I am Makotsa, you were saying something. Yeah, no, no. We Kanyans, we are like women or ladies. That's a fact. I don't really know how we've switched very fast to the female gender and sex. I'm coming to that. Okay, okay. Like, I have a deal in Iwana, Iwani Milyo. And I'm going to be a shareholder. And I'm going to be a partner. And I'm going to attend your deal. The deal is coming. And it's going to be soon.  I'm going to be sweet. Really, I'm going to say, man, I'll give you free education. I'll give you free medication. If you have medication and money, which one is the best thing? Medication and money. I'm going to be a shareholder, I'll use that money to get food.  So I'm going to be a shareholder. Which one is the best? I'm going to be a shareholder. I'm going to be a shareholder. But you'll never see it. Oh, wow. Okay, okay, okay. Okay, let's do this. Let's actually read the story. It's actually one more time and then we move to something else. So the story is on the people, daily page 11, and the title reads, creating more counties makes no economic sense. I will not read all of it kindly, but I will do my best to catch the most relevant parts of it. So the notion of further dividing counties should not be entertained because it does not make economic sense and looks like an attempt to accommodate specific communities and clans for political reasons. Violence and the fast sentence. After a proposal by 26 members of parliament to establish 11 additional developed, sorry, devolved units in Kenya, emerge the first thing that crossed the mind of many Kenyans is what have we done with the 47 counties? Yes, we actually, if you are aware, we just recently, a few weeks ago, celebrated 10 years, a whole decade of devolution and we're not really sure why we're celebrating because the country clearly is not, it's not even even within those counties. You'll find a couple of counties are thriving more than others. And I think that the most hard hit are the semi-arid and arid areas if I'm not wrong. But it continues to say, this is definitely within their constitutional right, however, concerns rooted in fundamental questions about the effectiveness of the existing counties, especially when this move appears to be driven by political motives and a quest for power abound. Let's just go back to that first sentence, guys. Do you think this has something to do with specific communities? And I'd like to think this is a very, very diplomatic way of saying tribalism is very much in existence and clans for political reasons. Do you think that's one of the reasons? No. Why do you think that way? For me, I want to do the increment of counties, means I say, ma, devolution is my idea, Ken. In a way that easily continues to develop is because of their leaders that they elected. Like where it come from, Kamega County. We have had excellent governor and then we've seen he's also excellent. So in that, they have done, it's almost the next city to take a lordate. So lord is the next after Kisum, after it was Nakuru, then a lord. I think the next one, it will come from Kamega. Because- Because city. Yeah. The town is, wow, because of the governor. Now, if you get a governor of, like let's say Garisa, the guy is being given money and we're single in it. How will you get development? And Kamega is given the same money, they use it to develop the account. Maybe I can chip in. Chip in, chip in, Sita. These guys are being given money. We agree. But they are not scouting the money. How so? Those people are close to them. You are peers at the ones counting the money. The prisoners is advisor. The economic advisors and all those. For example, you have a county where the semi-arid counties can name them. The governor gets money, but now how to use the money? How is he being advised to use the money? When you go to check their accounts, their bank accounts, all the accounts, financial accounts, the money you'll get, it's reflecting the amount they are being paid for their salaries, but with the rest. Because the governor in meetings, they'll say that we've given this amount of money to this ministry. There are those people suffering because lack of water. If a county like Garisa, you're given money. Why can't you even decide in every constituency, because there are people who travel for kilometers to get water. You'll see on the television, day in, day out, people suffering. What do you want to understand? So, why can't they even decide in every constituency? For example, let's say a county like Mombasa has at least six constituencies. Let's say for example, power constants you have at least two bottles. Don't you think it can be a help to their citizens? No, but those people are being given the money. The governors, they'll get the money to the ministries, but now the ministries are failing the governors. That's why they'll go ahead, tarnishing the reputation. That's why Kenyans coming now, making poor choices. Like choices. You can never mistake, because you're supposed to oversee what the ministers are doing. And under this thing, they have never seen these people from arid areas. Going to benchmark in Israel. Israel is in a desert, but it's green. So I like to give them a challenge. They just take a time, even if it's two weeks. They go to Israel, they benchmark what those people are doing. They just come back to Kenya, do it, and it will work. We have a lot of water around Kenyans. There are some places that it's raining. They have the water, they use it for irrigation. We have rivers. They can just channel the water to their places. Now, if they cannot do that, then they say, our place is dry. They want to blame God. Actually, okay, I will again, sidestep that very sensational last remark, but then bring something into the table. So I was watching the news yesterday, and apparently we had a bumper harvest for Mays. But the boards, the Syria boards, has not bought the Nini. It's not planter. Let's call it the product. They've not bought the product from the farmers. So now the farmers are stuck with a lot of Mays. However, there are some parts of the country that I don't really have food. So whose fault is it there? You only get money to not say, how is someone stuck with food? It's a game being played because the farmer used a lot of money to plant and it was up to harvesting. Now the board, it went out to sideline the farmers who were desperate. Then they come with their own prices. And in the meantime, while they're being sidelined, now this is the issue of drying. So if you don't have a sophisticated way of drying, or a means to keep this product fresh until such a time that it will be bought, so it's not going to be lost. It's not going to be lost at that price. Yes. And you'll be using middlemen, not even directly from the Syria. Even your target, they have that target. But meanwhile, his excellency is still talking about fertilizer. So what are we supposed to do with the things that we have now produced? Was it a day of something to say? Because man's a quicker dialogue, I wouldn't have thought that. Oh, we're talking about the farmers. This day you plant Mays and it fails you. Despite using all the, doing all the procedure requirements, the fertilizers, and all that, all the requirements you did, but it fails. The second year you're still planting Mays, then all the requirements, the procedure requirements, it fails. The following year you still do the same. Why should you live on benchmarks if at all, personally, you have your dreams? If this is not doing well, I believe you can not only have one dream. That's why sometimes I say should not have dreams, you must just have visions. If Mays is not working, why can't you even decide that those foods that don't, not necessarily grow in cool and wet areas, that those foods that can do well, even in hot and in sunny days, why can't we just implement and try doing something different from what others are doing? The president is talking about the fertilizers. These fertilizers, without your contradiction, I'll say they'll go to those people when you say they carry. The chief or the sub-chief writing your names, that these people are going to get fertilizers, but when it comes, it's virtual. They're so are getting new, early, or church. At least if I know you, then I'll get, but if I don't know you, even if I'm not sure. Fertilizer, because I'm also a farmer. Me and Chaiyipata. At the subsidized plants. Yeah, that's right, yeah. Now the problem is, you subsidize the fertilizer, you increase the fee well. Just the same. Asa, then I use $2,000 to put it back in my bank. It's in the safe. So I'm going back to you. So, you'll reduce cost of living, you subsidize fertilizer, that's a big lie. It can't work. Okay, although I do- You cannot add levies on those things that you have for me. I'm going to invest in tax, I'm going to invest in tax here in Bego. I'm going to invest in cost of living in Ainti. We're going to find that cashwell farmer. We're going to use that cashwell worker. We're going to pay that, stability or the cost of pay, we're going to pay the cost of production in high. I'm going to save 25. I am going to pay the money back, I'm going to spend it on my work. I'm going to get to transport. Just the same. When I was 25 years old, I lost my KG in the 50s, it can't work. When I was 1,000 years old, that's okay, but diesel should, because it's a very large part of manufacturing. I might disagree with you, Sita, because apokwa have something else as a crop that you are harvesting or planting, because maize is a staple food that's very close to our hearts. That's why you're always hearing someone complaining about the cost of inga. I think you can feel it. There's such an imbalance now that, again, when you're introducing something like more counties, we've not even finished with the rest, we've not finished with what we have right now. It just seems very... anyway, that's fine. Can you give me a piece of maize, please? Yeah, but just to get to my import series. I want you to know, to make your purse. Like, to make it a waste of maize. And the farmers are stuck. I saw it somewhere. Kenya is importing maize, I don't know from yellow, yellow, yellow water. What is that? Jerusalem was due in Mexico, now at the other one, Ukraine, between Ukraine and Russia, now Sheda. And people are stuck to maize. The farmers are stuck with maize, you want to import maize, what is that? Yes, yes, yes, very nice. Okay, so I'm being informed that we are running out of time a little bit and I do not want to step into Brian Sackler's conversation, which sounds very interesting by the way. But I do want to end with this, and let's just give one comment each. So, part of the front page is inside Kenya Police's deadly Haiti mission. So, Kenya has seen fit to deploy officers, when the Haiti, and there's even a continuation of here, there's something about, can Kenyan, can Kenyan, what? Can Kenyan do something? Sorry, let me just confirm that is on page five. Can Kenyan cops crush Haiti gangs? Now, this comes very, very, very shortly after, up at Umbania, we had a situation, it had me picking, demonstrating what you know as mandamano, and there was, there were allegations, there was footage, I would believe that there's still allegations, because the investigations to the other investigations, but Kenyans like once investigation starts, it's a wrap, like the job is to start the investigations, but you'll never hear about them again. So, we had Aipoa, you know, coming in and trying to figure out was excessive use of force used on Kenyans, who you know were supposed to, like we said, article 37 says, you have to definitely, the right to pick it or demonstrate, but it has to be simultaneously peacefully, guys, and unarmed, are we together? So, apparently, there are some people, or some parts of the country who did, according to the constitution of Kenya, but was still punished severely. So, is there some, are we missing something here? What I can say, I can't blame the cops, because the word has come from above, we're trapped. At the same time, innocently, we're trapped, because what does it mean? What was it then? And then, his Excellency, now, for, yeah. He expects the police to kiss? Yeah, that's what I say. His Excellency, the president, Dr. William Samoeiruto, he's smart. How time passed, I can get rid of it. How time is clear? He's coming at the semblance of the former president. Which one? Guru M'gai Kenyatta. Kenyatta, I don't know when he was there, when he was the deputy, he couldn't talk anything, but Kenyatta is just there. Amitulia? Amitulia too. Now he's now re-symboling the former. Yes, I love him. I mean, it's just mutual, I don't understand how mutual. Don't say that. Tell me your opinion on this as we wrap this up. Okay, I also want to blame the cops. I blame where the orders come from. In Kenya, you heard of places where there's low security, and you'll see this, yes, the only place he's working is Excellency, Kendiqi. Every day you'll see him on television addressing where there's insecurity, and they are promising that what the government is going to do, they're going to put their, the cops, the arms to do their work. And literally, in corresponding, also, the president at times he talks. You remember during the demonstrations when the president was appreciating the police for doing what they called do? Within the law. Sorry? Within the law. Within the law. But it was not lawful for the police to do that. It's in the constitution that demonstrations are allowed. But these demonstrations, they should be according to the law. Even the demonstration are peaceful. And then you throw tear gas to the citizens. There are these people who use what you call bang, bangi. There are those who use mirror and all that.  That line of reasoning is quite interesting. I was part of the demonstration myself when it was in Nimbakasi. I was with the RILA by the way. So when you're coming, just peaceful. We reach almost on this outer ring road, the police started tear gasing us. What will you respond? You give me a blow. I'll give you a blow. Okay. We're just going to hold it there. Thank you so very much for participating in this conversation. This is the political segment where we just look at what's happening in the political arena. But however, before we cap this completely, I want for the sake of transition, Brand Sacko 101 is coming with a very interesting conversation. Please do go on our social media platforms and check it out. And please give us a penny for your thoughts. So, we're asking. I want to ask you, since I have a panel of gentlemen, what would make you feel like your stress? I don't know what to say. It could be more. It could be more. It could be more. But what is it? More. More. Please. I want to say that the other one is that heavy. Okay, let me say. Money. Money. For me, there are the most responsibilities. Responsibilities. Responsibilities. Okay. We really have to go. At White Fair 4 on Facebook, White Fair 4 channel on X, White Fair 4 underscore channel on Instagram. We're also on threads, TikTok, YouTube. By the way, my name is Valentine. Thank you for allowing me to be with you through this segment. And now we have to let it go for Brian Sacko. At Stephanie Etatoo.


Takatsubo cardiomyopathy is a type of stress-induced cardiovascular disease characterized by symptoms similar to those of an acute coronary syndrome but without any evidence of coronary obstruction. It has been thought to be spontaneously reversible, but recent research suggests otherwise. In this study, researchers have shown that a single pharmacological challenge can create a stress-induced cardiomyopathy in female rodents, which is similar to takatsubo. This acute response is accompanied by changes in blood and tissue biomarkers, as well as in cardiac in vivo imaging acquired with ultrasound, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. Long-term follow-up reveals continued metabolic reprogramming of the heart towards metabolic malfunction, ultimately resulting in irreversible damage in cardiac function and structure. These findings suggest that takatsubo is not reversible and instead points to dysregulation of glucose metabolism as a primary cause of long-term cardiac disease. Furthermore, they support early therapeutic management of Takatsubo.


Lopulta logistic regression analysis results differs a bit from normal regression analysis interpretation. Let's take a look at the results from logistic regression analysis using the Menard's dataset. The RGLM command gives us these results. We'll just focus on the actual coefficients for now and leave these other things for another video. We have the estimate, which is an estimate. Then we have standard error, which quantifies how much the estimate is likely to change from one sample to another. If we repeat the study over, we have a z value, which is the ratio of the estimate divided by standard error. The z value is the same as the value in regression analysis. It is called a z-statistic instead of t-statistic because the maximum likelihood estimates are based on large sample theory. Instead of comparing against a t-distribution, we compare this against the normal distribution. Under the null hypothesis that this estimate is zero in the population, and if the sample size is large enough, the z value follows standard normal distribution. It allows us to calculate the p-values. Whether an age has an effect or not can be interpreted from these p-values, we can see that age has a very statistically significant result. We can confidently say that age has some kind of effect on the probability of having had Menard's. What is the magnitude of that effect? It's a bit more complicated question to answer. We really can't say that the probability of having had Menard's increases by 1.6 when the girl gets one year older. The one reason is that a 1.6 increase gets us beyond the range of the data. So if the probability is zero, initially you increase age by one, the predicted probability would be 1.62. So it doesn't work that way. The reason why we can't interpret this directly is that these are the effects before we apply the logistic link function. So these are effects on the linear predictor and not on the actual dependent variable. So it's the same thing like when you do a log transfer from dependent variable. The interpretation is the coefficient tells you what is the effect in log scale. And you want to know what's the effect in the original scale. This coefficient here tells you what is the effect in the scale of the linear predictor. But you are not really interested in that. You are interested in what is the effect on the observed variable scale. So we don't interpret these directly. Instead we interpret them as odds ratios. So the odds ratio is a concept that is useful for regression analysis. And for some other, for logistic regression analysis and for some other models as well. The idea is that odds are the ratio of two outcomes. So here we have the outcome of girl having had menards and not having had menards. So it's if one in 100 girls have had menards, then odds for having had menards is 1 to 99. Because one out of 100 has had it and the remaining 99 hasn't had it. You can think of one common use of odds is engambling. So if you have a team, two soccer teams, one has won two matches in the past. Another one has won five matches in the past. Then you say that based on that data the odds for the first team winning is 2 to 5. So that's the idea of odds. And more formally, if the probability of an outcome is P, then the odds is defined as P against 1 minus P. So it's the probability of one outcome divided by probability of another outcome. If you have only two possible outcomes. And the exponential, if you exponentiate the logistic regression coefficients. Those can be interpreted as odds ratios. And the idea is that when you exponentiate the coefficients. Then the coefficients tell you that one unit increase in independent variable causes the odds to change proportionally to the regression coefficient. I'll show you an example. Let's take a look at the idea of odds ratio and why we can interpret these coefficients as odds ratios. So example odds for the data. And this is some guess of the results. We have the linear prediction. We have the fitted like probability. We have fitted odds, which is there are the probability against the other probability. And we calculate the value. So the odds for this first girl having had menarties 74 to 26, which is 2.79. The odds for the second girl is 8 to 92, which is 0.09 and so on. So these are the odds. And when we calculate marginal prediction. So in regression analysis, we are interested in the marginal effect. What is the increase of one independent variable? The effect of increasing one independent variable by one unit holding everything else constant. So we are interested in marginal effects. And let's calculate marginal effects now for girls at different ages. So instead of using this actual data, we have a hypothetical girl at the age of 9, 10, 11, 12 and so on. We calculate the fitted probabilities using our model. And we calculate odds. We calculate the value of the odds. And when we compare two odds here, the ratio of these two zeros, they are actually not exactly zero, is 4.6. So every time we go and we increase the girls age by one, then the odds increase by 4.6. So every additional year increases the odds by 4.6 units. So that's the odds ratio implementation. So these always increase by 4.6. And how we use that in regression analysis? Well, we calculate the odds ratios and this is for the actual data. So we calculate the odds ratio, which is about five. And the interpretation is that each additional year of age increases the odds of having had menards by five-fold. So that kind of quantifies how large is the effect of age. We know that if something is increased five-fold, then it's pretty large effect. The problem still is that with odds ratios, we can't really say how much does the actual probability increase. Because odds and probability are not the same thing. And quite often we want to know how much does the probability of having had menards depend on the age and what does the effect look like. To do that, we would need to plot the marginal predictions from the model.


Howdy everyone! Welcome to another thing we're doing in J-Pog! Why? Because we can kind of only do it in J-Pog! Be it as it might, Dressal with Evolution 1 and 2 is kind of superior to this game. However, there was a couple of things I used to do as a kid that I kind of want to replicate and see if it was as fun as I remember. We'll find out, won't we? So what are we gonna do today, you might wonder? Well, as you can see we have two hatcheries here as well as a very, very long pathway. It goes all the way to here and then this is the first checkpoint. This will allow dinosaurs to have rests or eat food or anything like that. Then they carry on to go further where they hit the proper first checkpoint. This is the second one but it's technically the first. Where now they have like a food dispenser for carnivores and a herbivore dispenser. However herbivores in this game are kind of okay as long as they can just eat grass or trees I think, even just grass the kind to find with.  Yeah we're in, oh god we're gonna get a thunderstorm and he sounds sweet, brilliant. Okay well we have a, we have a heat wave to contend with first. Yes! The power of God! Oh I love cheats, this is so good. Okay so we've got lovely sunny weather. So what we're gonna do is we're gonna release five of each dinosaur. And this includes the carnivores. So we're gonna start with like the small herbivores because they'll be able to get out nice and early in all that jazz we'll move on to herbivores, like large herbivores. Then we'll go small carnivores and large carnivores. Will there be, I mean I guess the winner is the one who survives I suppose because there may become a time when there's only one dinosaur left. I don't know, although same, that brachysel might starve to death so even brachysel is not immune to this crazy mission that we are doing. So let's jump in. Kendra's saw is going to be an instrument so we can go five straight away onto the galaminus. Oh yeah, also it's got like drastic world sound effects to it as well. Oh there they go! Don't you love how they can just hatch instantly? It's beautiful. Okay so then we've got drysals next. If you open your hedge in your bed so the drysall, oh well, Godspeed. Because I don't know if it's going to do very well. Right, large herbivores so we've got stego which is okay, that gets on with the Kendra's saw. Now Kendra's saw is the only thing that is going to throw a spanner in the wrench or in the works when it comes to herbivores because Kendra's saw is the only dinosaur that can be frightened not joking, can be frightened by a brachysaurus What do you believe? Okay paras, paras is good. Then triceratops, triceratops is good. Now the reason why Kendra's saw will cause an issue is because Kendra's saw will swing its tail and when it swings its tail it might hit an ankylosaur and that ankylosaur gets spooked when that thing swings its tail. Oh God, yeah, we'll not do brachysaur just yet. Who's for saying brachysaur? However, I don't think... Oh God, I've accidentally made one too many of these ankylosaur so there we go. Can we read the saw now? Next is Taurusaw. Now I don't know what exactly it gets scared by. I think it is literally just brachysaur that Kendra's saw gets scared by. Really strange mechanic but just one of these quirky things that makes J-Pog J-Pog. Then we've got a ranasaw, that's an easy one. Kamarisaw may be one of the things that actually scares us but I don't know. Okay, so now we're going to go with brachysaur as we're all bats are off at that point. So the thing is with carnivals there's not that many of them in this game. A new five-star attraction. Oh yeah. Oh, there's not going to be many of those. Ceratosaurus. I've got to look at Ceratosaurus. Dilophosaurus? I'm not thinking about these are going to win. My bet's probably on brachysaur to make it. It's going to be interesting how this one goes because I have no idea. Hey, it's the Screechosaurus. And already we're on to the large carnival. See what I mean? Oh God. Oh God, things are happening. Things are happening. Oh my Lord. This is not going as planned. I think the reason why this isn't going as planned is because when they sort of leave the hatchery they're all going to one big plant and just shoving each other everywhere. It's like some weird crank. Okay, there you go. I've got the Screechosaurus and Carrot on the source now. Oh wait. No, it's not dead. That's interesting. I thought it was dead. What we'll do once these things are hatched we'll delete the hatcheries. Oh, wait. What is happening here? Is something left? Oh no. We do have some dinosaurs that are often about. Okay. Right, let's delete these hatcheries now because I think everything's been released. There they are. We have so many dinosaurs. I can't... Oh, I can see some death. I can see some death. I don't know what it is. Hold on. My mouse isn't that sensitive so I'm going to have to rely on the controls. It's Horusor! Horusor is dead. I think a Brachiosaurus was killed by a... a Wajima-Cola. A T-Rex there. But hey ho. So what's going on in the rest of the world? We've got the Pachycephalosaurus, Oranosaurus and Albertaosaurus and the Lothosaurus which actually seems quite happy, aren't you? Oh yeah. Wow, you are big. Oh god. We got a Dino rampage. Oh yeah, I forgot I made this in an actual park. An Otsibe. Galamimus seem to have been going quite far but so far, nothing has reached the first checkpoint. The Amondosaurus seems to be in the lead followed by all of the little ones.  Oh! Acrocanosaurus! Take it down a stegosaurus. Oh dear. Is it dead? They are laying... Oh no, it's alive. It's alive. Okay. What's something else doing? No! Are you dead? I can't tell whether they're dead or not. We've got another rampage apparently but I do not see this rampage. We've just got a whole cluster of dinosaurs that don't know whether they're coming or going. We've got a Karkar attacking an Ankylosaur. Ankylosaur. Oh! Torosaurus do not seem to be doing well. That's... Is it a dead Kintrosaur? I can't tell. I think it might be a dead Kintrosaur. Oh maybe the Bracus... Oh no, the Bracusaur is dead. And this one isn't fairing too well as well. Oh my God! Oh no! It was killed by the Elisaurus! Oh dear. Okay. A two out of the five Bracusaur are now deed. Well and truly deed. Right. We also have a dead Stegosaurus. I can't... Is it? No, it's... Oh, it's got... That's right. They have seizures if there's not enough trees. I forgot about that. Okay. We've got a territorial battle between Acrocanosaurus, I think, then? Oh and a T-Rex. Okay. All they are just laying into each other. Right. Okay. They're fighting over the corpse of a dead Ankylosaur. I think they might be. Right. Okay. What else is coming? You got the Parasaur. Parasaur. Stegosaur. Caritasaur. Oh! I was going to say are we going to get the fabled ending but... Oh we are! Yes! A T-Rex is going down! Spino kills it! There you go. Spino fanboys will be happy with that. T-Rex didn't make it out alive.  That's right because the herbivores want to get to these areas because they won't be stressed. So they can either die of hunger, dehydration, or even tree-induced lack thereof. These guys are not... Oh! And Montosaurus leading the way! Are you going to win? So what's interesting, another weird mechanic when it comes to J-Pog, is if I was to make land here out in the middle of nowhere and delete it, it would still count as land, even though it's no longer there. Which is why these dinosaurs aren't going anywhere else because they're literally on a bridge. Oh God! More tailwaps from the stegos. Don't know if it's making too much of a difference. Oh look! And then Montosaurus is trying to make a break for freedom but it can't get past the dead Torosaur and then Kylosaur. No! Oh look! It's the Endrosaur there! Just, you know, being asleep as you do. Oh no! The end Montosaurus made it past! So did a Parasaur and an Albertosaurus. The Al- Oh! Albertosaurus attacking! Oh my God! It is laying into the Brachiosaur! What I thought was safe! And... Oh my God! It's almost dead! Can it actually injure the Albertosaurus? I don't even know why we took such a beating from it. Oh well. I mean they just wanted to get past. They wanted to win the game. They're playing to them! And like a herd of turtles! Off they go! Right. Okay. We got the T-Rex there. And another... Oh! A T-Rex fighting in the car. Interesting. Interesting. And... Agrocanosaurus taking down the same stego. I think it's probably going to die in one more bite. And the stegos dead. Yeah. There we go. Also got a Agrocanosaurus talking to a Parasaurolophus there. Some dinosaurs are running back. I don't know why. And finally we have some relief. Yes! They can get some thirst back. They can sleep. Because when the herbivores are near the carnivores, they can't do any of that. Because they're too stressed. But leading the charge is actually a carcoridontosaurus. Paran doesn't want to move anymore. Oh my God! The galamimus is still here. Any dryosaurs? Creososaurus and Montosaurus. Yep. Those guys are kind of stuck. Yep. Oh! A Dolophosaurus as well. Good to see you here. Right. Now there should be five each. There's only... Oh my God! There's only one Dolophosaurus left. Okay. And what else do we have? One Brachosaurus left. Why are there ten of you? Five, six, seven... Oh no! Oh yeah! Oh my God! I used to get so hyped when I applied this thing. Sweet. Yes! Hold on. Why does that... It's like right in the awkwardly. There it is. Ah man! That's one down. Good job. The old line in a row. Because I can move up and down. I can't really move left and right. There we go. Ah! Ah! Ah! That's two. Yep. You better be afraid. There's too many of you for some reason. Oh headshot. Ah! That's I think one, two, three, four. And the final one. Oh he's too far away. But I can't fly. So the winner of the moment is an Oranisole. Who apparently doesn't want to go any further. Ah! The Ketrosaurus died. And I think actually the final Brachisole might have died as well. Ah no! They all died from Dino Attack. Oh my God! There's so much death here. There's like dead Allosaurs, Oranisoles, Taurusoles. Oh a lot of things died around here. Okay yeah. Well that kind of makes sense. They all stay near the back and that's kind of where all the carnivores were. And have also gotten stuck themselves. Oh come on! Yes! The Oranisaurus has actually just kind of gotten past the first checkpoint. I just need to keep going. You could do it. Keep going with your lack of sleep. Although there is an Allosaurus here. So you better get moving. Oh it is as well! It is only looking at you. It's just plodding along. Ah you beauty. I love it. We've got a hungry Karkar and Oranisaurus here just before the first checkpoint. And I think it's after... Oh it's thirsty. Never mind. It's changed its needs. Probably not the best place for you. Okay what's it going for? What's it deciding? Is it even deciding? Maybe? I think it's being pushed by the other dinosaurs. Can't make its mind up. There's just so many of them. Still hung... Oh! Right.  Ah that's what you're doing. Okay you're not... You don't need to kill. That's fine. Another weird thing with J-Pog is that Spinosaur cannot be scared by anything. It works if two carnivores fight and one wins, that other carnival will always be scared. It's like an invisible tally. So as long as something has a higher win ratio, then it will not... It will always scare another carnival. Unless it's Spinosaur. Oh okay it was fending itself off, but it looks like it was just about to get up and it froze midframe. Oh that is so weird. Oh yes look at that. Beautiful. Oh T-Rex! I think it was hit by Triceratops there. Triceratops there. It's got four freaking kills? Oh my god this is interesting. Okay. I mean you guys... Oh! Oh! Oh! The Triceratops is being killed by this T-Rex I think. Is this the one with... Yes it is! Oh it just got stamped on. Oh no. Is there any more dryersaws? There is still one dryersaw. Homalosephalae has met its end. Kentrisaw has also met its end. Styrachosaurus has died. And Velociraptor! Oh we didn't even see Velociraptor! Are you kidding me? Brachosaurus has when extinct but we still have one too many acrocanthosaurus. Ha ha ha! Yes! And it has just got close enough for me to kill it. Ah! No. No. Yeah! Tail shot sweet. Okay cool then. Yeah. Oh it's not there. It's not there either. Oh there it is. How did you get back over here Devon? We now only have 56 dinosaurs remain. Oh look at the colosal made out there. Nice. Oh oh oh. Oh I pushed it over again. Is it gonna die? Oh the triceratops. Oh it only had one kill. Oh what about the other one? That's four. Yes it's still alive and thriving. It doesn't care about its trees. It's... Or maybe it does a little bit but it's not being stressed about it though. Which is great. I think all the other raptors must have been eaten by the carnivores because there's no sign of them. Even the dryosaurs have corpses. Oh there's nothing but death here. That's another triceratops killed. I think there's only one left. I'll make a helipad here because I made this in site B and I can't actually tell the helicopter to go out and dart something. So I'm gonna try and free up that spino because I think he's being glitched. Right. Five. We don't want to kill it remember James? No. Okay. I mean this would be great if he didn't like, you know... There we go. Beautiful. Although wait, hold on. Can I even move it? No. Oh there we go. T-Rex has finally made it to a checkpoint. The first carnivore to do so I'm pretty sure. Alice or how many of the... Oh. Oh no. I kinda saw one. I thought I swear I saw one not too long ago. No. There he is. The pylobodies three months could have lived 90 years. Oh my god. We've still got a galamimus. We've got three of the buggers apparently. However... Well that's a dead one. They're not gonna make it apart from this guy because they're either... Oh there's a psoratosaurus here as well. What are you doing alive? I bet there's only one of you left. Yeah there's only one of them left. Are there any of the small carnivores? Yup. We've got an alberdosaurus. How many of those? Two alberdosaurs. Apparently although this one's going to die of everything. This one's faring better. Never good. Oh god. Wait what has that got? No. Is that a dilophosaurus? Oh I think that was the final dilophosaurus. Oh no. Oh well even though the Spino's glitched he can still attack things so I guess it's not so bad. What have you got? Oh it's a maleosephaly. Wait what? I thought those died out ages ago. Are they just picking up the bodies and eating them? It's so beautiful. Imagine if somebody's made it over there and I just haven't noticed this whole time. Oh my god. A torosaurus. Three torosaur. I thought you all died. There's one. Oh no. There's tons of disgelly bones. The lone triceratops. That's apparently a pack leader. And it's only made two kills? What? Oh no there is a dilophosaurus. And somebody's sleeping on the island. Who is it? Who is it? Oh carcara dinosaurs. Go on. Do it. Oh wow. Out of all of the carnivores? Yes. There we are. One, two, three, four, five, six here. Even a lone seratosaurus. Just keep going. Yes. But they're going to get spooked when they see this guy. They might turn back around. Yes. Look at them all. All the hadrosaurs. Wow. See if we did this addressable evolution.  They always do. And the parasaur's kind of getting over there. And then it's kind of okay. How many kills have you made? Just one. Look at that. Carcara. I love the design of this awesome. Way better than the car car in Jurassic World Evolution. That's for sure. Although is it the most scientifically accurate? I don't know. It just looks cool. Okay. Leave me alone. Okay. So it's actually moving off the island and it's leaving it free for the other herbivores. This could be really good for them. Now they're no longer going to be scared. And yes, they can go to sleep. There's hope. There's hope for them. Although the hadrosaurs seem to be so petrified that they can't even go to sleep. Even when they do go to sleep. This is apparently not lowering their sleep bar. It's a terrifying ordeal really. I don't even know how you're still alive. Oh because it's health's poor.  The way it's holding itself that's cool. Oh mods have made this game so much better. All right. How are we doing over here? There's only one carnival left here and it's this spinosal that also seems to be stuck. It's like the AI for these dinosaurs have been fried. Oh yeah. Oh you were sleeping. Look at that. You're not completely sleepy now. There you go. That's a picture of all the madness that's up ahead. Beautiful. Oh the triceratops killed the spider. Wow. So is that three kills? Yeah. Three kills. Well done. Now the only spider we've got left is the one that keeps on trying to impersonate the scene of the sail coming out of the water. So what dinosaurs have when extinct? So and Kyla saw Brachysaur have when extinct. Dryasaur, Galamimus, Homalocephalae, Kentrasaur, Patcheservalosaurus, Styracosaurus, and Velociraptor when extinct. Four Caritasaurus, five Kamara sources as well. You guys, what do you like? Oh yes, he's fully recovered. And next, he'll be hungry. Now it's hungry. Okay. Oh, it's on the hunt. It could even hunt the allosaurus. Oh, is it going to go for or is it going to go for a corpse even? Okay, here we go. Oh, oh, it's up to the Kamarasaurus now. Or at least it was for a little bit. Oh, I love the music. It's beautiful. Oh, it's good. No, I just have to say the Kamarasaurus is doing so well. So much for five out of five. There you go. That'll teach him. So all the Galamimus are gone. We still have an Alberta sore. I'm kind of wondering where, do we have any sororitas? Oh, no, don't he goes. I mean, when it moves that fast, how could you touch it? Oh, no. I think that's it. Is this the final stego? Is it? And it's gone, killed by the spider who's just lying in wait for like dinosaurs to go by and then it eats one. Yes. Go. Go, buddy. Run for it. Run for the victory. Oh, my God. He is going. Wow. Oh, wow. Yes. Just keep going. Oh, my God. What? I think it's just remembered as a prize. Survival. Release the goat, please. Dispense goat. There we go. That'll give him incentive. And next is like the T-Rex and another anchor. I could cut the sores over here. You know what it is? This game is a weird habit, right? When I look at the dinosaurs, nothing happens, right? But if I move away and look at somewhere up and just be like, let's look at there.  It seems like things have moved. Oh, T-Rex is getting in some winks and then it'll be hungry. Oh, my God. There's like four galley bodies here. One, two, three, four. Oh, they were just chomped up. That's interesting. I thought they would just be swallowed whole, but no. Oh, wait, what did they die of actually? It'll probably be malnutrition, right? Yes. No! It killed an Montosaurus! Yeah, bugger you. That survived for ages. And again, it did the J-Pog thing of like, forcing it. Like it's Star Wars. It didn't need to be anywhere near. It probably bit it half a mile away. You're not going to keep on going?  Just slowly zoom into it with this music. Oh, it's beautiful. Oh, wow. The Sacrocanthosaurus made no kills in eight months. That's a long time to have no food and water and to survive. Oh, we've got pushers coming through. Come on, come on, push everybody. I was going to say, no way are you actually going to survive. No, don't be scared. Don't be scared. Go to sleep. Oh, what are you terrified of now? He's stuck on scared. What I'm going to do, again, like I did last time, going to force Felicia to date him. See, that makes any difference. You're not going to go to sleep? Okay, what we'll do is we'll save the game and we'll open it. Oh, that'll fix it. Yes. Oh, now you go to sleep once we do that. Oh, okay. Where's the goat? What? The goat's going to win. No one expected this. A complete upset. Now it's turned into a love story. Right, where's the goat? Yes, the goat has made the corner. I'm going to call it a victory, even if something had made it to the end. The Sacrocanthosaurus just walked all the way back. Although the T-Rex, I don't know. Maybe the T-Rex has got Oh, he's actually forcing the Sacrocanthosaurus to go back that way. There you go.  That freaking goat, every time I looked at it, it's not moving. But I move the camera away and he slowly goes towards it. Oh, is this the end of it? Nope. Yep, looks like it. Looks like T-Rex won. Wondering and about to be panicky. Yes, you are. Now you will forever be scared of him until you win another battle. It's raft put with dinosaurs. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, I've never seen it move. But every time I come back to it, it's a little bit closer. Oh, oh, that was brutal. This T-Rex all of a sudden is just going for it? Because it's terrified of it. Oh, no, you finally got your brook away from like the Spiders and stuff and now it's going to die. There's even, oh wait, no, there it is.  Oh, it's still alive somehow.  Oh my God, it was killed by the Alasaurus. It pinged and popped over in a different direction. The Alasaur killed it. And a winner, yes, is the Goad. Yes. Ha, ha, ha, made it to the island and it's happy now. Right, this time we're just going to do one straight shot. Now we're getting to the island. We're just going to go straight from the hatchery to the end. Whoever gets to the first wins, let's go. Well apparently the Galamimus have had a head start because they were first. It doesn't mean that they're going to be getting there first because everything else is still going to come out and if I actually delete the hatchery, I have a feeling everything is going to explode. So let's do that, shall we? Boom! Ha, ha, ha, ha, that's more like it. Okay, now start your engines, on you go. Fortunately, I couldn't, you know, keep them all here. I guess I could have done a lure, hmm, probably should have done that. But here we go, a little bit of a wider stretch. Oh, they actually went on the other side of it. I wasn't expecting that. Ha, ha, ha, it was below the, you know, a little bonus. What that'll do? We have 112, 111, oh wow, the numbers are dropping. There's probably like 115 or something. Oh, oh, it's actually attacking the Sterecosaurus. Up from, we have dry soaring Galamimus, you know, Homalicephaly. I have no idea of the carnage just over the under. So how many, how many do we have now? 102. Okay, okay, not too many have died. Ha, ha, just like God. Yes. Now we can see everything a lot better. And now that things have a little bit more room to move about, we should be able to see a big difference and already kind of seeing it there. I think that that ganchalosaurus just being killed by the Spinosaurus. Yes, it has. Okay, where are they? Oh, they're here. Oh, I might win it. Although, we do have an Alberta saw who's broken away from the pack as well. Who's in the front? I think it's a lone Homalicephaly that's drowning in person. And a metrodon from a Jurassic World Dominion. Now, an Oranosaurus. Look at it. A long line of stuff. Trisodus just being killed. No, it doesn't. It'll definitely get back up, I think. Oh, a dead Stegosaur there with a T-Rex killed it, I think. There is the almighty Dryosaurus in first and second. Third is an Alberta saw, would you believe it? Now, only 87, 86 dinosaurs remaining, they are slowly dropping. Oh, the trisodus was just hit by the trisodus was just hit by the trisodus. Oh, there you go, an Oranosaurus is putting a stop to that. It's like, you don't hurt my bunny. One more, I think. Oh, now we got up. Triceratops again. Oh, I like the brachiosaurus having a drink.  Oh, Spinosaur taking a hit from the Ankylosaur, then giving itself a scratch, and then taking revenge.  Oh, wow, it's gonna get hit again. Yeah, there it is again. I'm not happy with that. I wouldn't be, although saying that it's barely doing any damage to it. Is it gonna take revenge? Ah, there's the revenge, completely killed it. Oh, now it is Drysaur in first, Cretosaurus in second, and then a thirsty Albertosaur. But maybe it's hunger. I drive it a little bit forward. I think this new path should be large enough that they can sleep on it too now. Oh, it is hungry. Oh, it's going for the Drysaur. I think, is it? Oh, no, now it's terrified because it's seen in Alisaur. Oh, dear. Is it gonna run? It's gonna run around in circle. Oh, maybe. Oh, there's a patchy here now as well. Drysaur in first, patchy in second, and a Cretosaurus in third. Oh, patchy's in first. Oh, not long to go. Look at that. Just over there. Can it do it? 77 contenders now. We've lost about 40 dinosaurs. I kind of saw those never seem to do well. They get scared, panic, hit somebody with a tail, and then get killed by it. No, the break is also here. I'm kind of curious to see what this Alisaur will do now that it's hungry and what it's going to go for. Is it going to go for the screeching Albertosaurus? Oh, no, that Alisaur's going for the Carrethosaur, I think. Oh, it's dead. Oh, there we go. There was a damn goat in this race. It would have already won. Oh, no, how many of you are left? Only two. Oh, it's a good job he didn't decide to follow that up because he probably could have killed you. Oh God. Oh, it's like, I'm freed. Oh, I'm dead again. Oh, this Brachiosaur would so be dead. He sort of intimidated the Spinosaur with a foot stomp because of it.  However, look over here for a second and then go back. Yeah, that Brachiosaur's going to die, I think. Nope. Oh, that's what you get for being intimidating and dead. Oh, an Allosaurus up ahead now. Oh no, this is Stegosaur. He's almost made it so close. Come on, you can do it. Oh, maybe a sleepy T-Rex is just going to walk all the way, but no one's doing that. Oh, my God, that Stegosaur so far. Yes, come on, it's so close. You can do it. It is a leagues in front of second place, which is this Kamara. So look at that. Oh my God, you're going to do it. Yes. Yes. Come on. Look at that. There's no competition. Yes. Go. Oh, that's fine. You can do a Yui, but as long as you come back. All right. All right. I see how it is. You're scared, so you're going towards the danger. Okay. Fair enough. Yep. That's what you want to do. Why are we still here? Why are you running all the way back? Yeah, that's why you come back this way. Come on. You got this. Oh my God. It is so close. Yes. That's it. The winning move. Come on. Keep going. Don't turn around. Why? Look, things have died to try and get that close. Come on, I'm on this horse. Something. Something just go beat it. It's taunting me.  There's nothing in sleepy T-Rex's way. Just go straight forward. Yes. Come on. You can do it. This is going to be what I'm waiting for. He's got a mission. Victory. The stagger. If he turns around now and gets terrified and runs onto the island. I feel like there's some symbolism here. Or is there? I don't know. Fear. I mean, he's been constantly scared. Fear is key. But is he just going to stop him? Oh. It's doing the victory dance. Come on. You got this. Is it going to be able to get past him? No. You did it.  Oh my God. He got so close. Interesting to note that nothing has come all the way backwards. It's just this guy who's having a lovely time. Eating all the corpses. Oh, and the sleepy tea is coming back again. This time he's bringing company. This is the pinnacle of my career. That's what this is. Oh my God. There's a dry saw there. How are you still alive? Don't question it. Oh. Nothing's here anymore. They've all left. Yes. Look at him go. He's going. He's turning around again. See, if I go towards him, he's like completely stays put. But if I go far out of a way, he starts moving again. That is so weird. This audio is so weird in my ears because I can hear somebody walking about. Stop this. I'm going to put avoidance beacons down because I can. Boom. Go on. Sodges. Get moving. I don't know if that made it worse. There we go. Get shifted. Go on. There's about 5,000 of them now. The start. This is a movement. Yes. Finally. I mean, I did it. But oh my God. No. I'm not having the Stegosaur win after what it's done. Yes. Allosaurus. Get past it. No. It's like impaled on the spike. Oh, no, it is. Come on, Allosaurus. You got this. Just a little bit further. Or will it be in Montessoris? There you go. Get out of here. You've run all the way to the wrong way. I like how you'll go this way, but you won't go the other way. This will provide me with some relief. Right. Where are you all? Ah. Yes. Oh, that's good. Oh, yes. Right. Where is it? Yeah, there we go. Yes.  It doesn't matter. Oh, that'll do. Oh, that felt good to relieve some stress. Been sad to you for like two freaking hours. Well, you know what? I think it's about time we wrap this up because nothing is moving now. They're all terrified. And I don't know what's going to cause them to move again. Well, even though I hate to admit it, I think we're just going to say that the stegoso was the victor of that one. Winning Balvoielles and now winning this. Ready? Sweet release of death. There you go. But if you enjoyed that video, guys, and if you have any more things or ideas that could drive me insane, please don't hesitate to leave it in the comments down below. And until next time, I hope you've enjoyed this and I'll see you guys later. Oh, buh-bye.


Thanks very much Ken Anthony Joseph from Alfred E. Chave in Brisbane a wholesaler and exporter of fresh fruit and vegetables So directed at Hermione and TAF, you know the elephant in the room about Efficiencies in supply chains like the commercial reality of it and where the industry is at the moment is is quite confounding and When you step onto farms and talk with growers about Their own personal commercial aspects of the trade There's no real pathway forward, you know, you've got money that might be coming in to pay them directly So all your hard work into delivering value in supply chains can get circumvented by You know a an overseas buyer coming across and just paying for things up front so Just in your experience and work in the area I'd like to understand from a fruit and vegetable point of view Are there any projects in the pipeline or any discussions taking place in that regard? Only first and Thank you very much the Having worked in the fruit and vegetable industry for about ten years until I sort of switched into ports and port logistics for a while I Can tell you there were there were many and there were a number of Opportunities for fruit and vegetable growers to be connecting in with IT systems that would be designed for Specifically that that particular market and they will be to be trading systems And we're actually working on a number of them at the moment with the e-commerce programs with the food growth center And we're working on a number that will actually help fruit and vegetable growers to be able to identify the market get the really great Market information and the analytics to be able to to access markets better in terms of the communication systems We're also working on e-commerce programs to actually facilitate that as well So actually food growth precinct. I think could be a really good Protocol and that's where also they are right there sort of exist as a catalyst to be able to then attempt to get Good government program funding to support the industry in particularly small and medium operators and medium being a generous description Working in global markets, and I think they're really important because otherwise our growers have so much that they're dealing with Tafe would you like to add anything to that? probably not so much to the Logistics in horticulture, which I've been answered I would respond maybe to the question around capital that was raised in part of that question where you're finding a lot of farmers are Getting money from overseas and people are buying their farms. Is that is that part of your question? Yeah Yeah, so maybe that one goes mainly to the impact of what's happening globally And how that is driving our demand and supply locally So I probably don't have a direct answer to that safe to say, you know, we just need to have stronger relationships And it's probably something that Rebecca touched on where we need a whole of supply chain not just one commodity The whole of Australia needs to be working together and we need to have platforms that allow for that to happen as a bank We are interested in bringing people together across a value chain and we're very big on that We're supporting regions and we're trying to bring people within those regions closer. We do have Networks across the world that are coming in and perhaps maybe it goes to the point you're trying to make But when farmers are looking to get value, sometimes they'll look everywhere But I think stronger relationships locally would be an answer to that Is there anybody who's got a very quick question? If not, I'd like everybody to express their appreciation for our four participants It's a subject that or a series of subjects that could occupy at least two to three days of discussion But they've summarized it into what I think is a series of very valuable contributions. So if you could express your appreciation