Okay, welcome back everyone to theCUBE's coverage here in Las Vegas for AWS Remars. Remars stands for Machine Learning Automation Robotics and Space, part of the reshows, Reinforced Security and the big show, Reinvent at the end of the year is the marquee event, of course theCUBE's at all three and more coverage here. We've got a great guest here, Ryan Rees, Practice Lead, Data Analytics, Machine Learning at Mission Cloud. Ryan, thanks for joining me. Absolutely. So we were talking before we came on camera about Mission Cloud. It's not a mission as in a space mission. That's just the name of the company to help people with their mission to move to the cloud. And we're a space show, you can make that, it's almost like plausible. I can see a Mission Cloud coming someday. Yeah, absolutely. You got the name. We got it, we're ready. You guys help customers get to the cloud. So you're working with all the technology on AWS stack and people who are either lifting and shifting or cloud native born in the cloud, right? Absolutely, yeah. I mean, we often see some companies talk about lift and shift, but we try to get them past that because often a lift and shift means, like say you're on Oracle, you're bringing your Oracle licensing, but a lot of companies want to innovate and migrate more than they want to lift and shift. So that's really what we're seeing in the market. You see more migration, less lift and shift. Yeah, exactly. Because they're trying to get out of an Oracle license, right? They're seeing what that's super expensive and you can get a much cheaper product on AWS. What's the cutting up areas right now that you're seeing with cloud and Amazon? Because Amazon is at their birthday, DynamoDB to celebrate their 10th birthday. Where are they in your mind relative to the enterprise in terms of the services and where this goes next in terms of the on-premise? You have the hybrid model, everyone sees that, but like you got Outpost, not doing so as good as say EKS or other cool serverless stuff. Yeah, I mean, that's a great question. One of the things that you see from AWS is really innovation, right? They're out there, they have over 400 microservices. So they're looking at all the different areas you have on the cloud and that people are trying to use and they're creating these microservices that you string together, you architect them all up so that you can create what you're looking for. One of the big things we're seeing, right, is with SageMaker a lot of people are coming in looking for ML projects, trying to use all the hype that you see around that, doing prediction, NLP and computer vision are super hot right now. We've helped a lot of companies start to build out these NLP models where they're doing all kinds of stuff. You use them in gene research, we're trying to do improvements in drugs and therapeutics. It's really awesome. And then we do some e-commerce stuff where people are just looking at, how do I figure out what are similar things on similar websites, right, for search companies. So that's awesome. Take me through the profile of your customer. You have a mix of business. Can you break down the target of a small, medium-sized enterprise, large, all above? Yeah, so mission started working with a lot of startups and SMBs and then as we've grown and become a much larger company that has all the different focus areas, we started to get into enterprise as well and help a lot of pretty well-known enterprises out there that are not able to find the staff that they need and really want to get into the cloud. I wanted to dig into the staffing issues and also to the digital transformation journey. Okay, IT, okay, we all kind of know what's turning into more dashboards, more automation, DevOps, cloud-native applications, all good. And I can see that journey path. Now the reality is, how do you get people who are going to be capable of doing the ML, doing the DevOps, DevSecOps, but what about cybersecurity? I mean, there's a ton of range of issues that you got to be competent on to kind of survive in this multi-disciplined world. The old days of I'm the top of rack switch guy is over. Absolutely, yeah, it's a really good question. It's really hard and that's why AWS has built out that partner ecosystem is because they know companies can't hire enough people to do that. If you look at just a migration into a data lake, on-prem often you have one guy doing it, but if you want to go to the cloud, it's like you said, you need a security guy, you need to have a data architect, you need to have a cloud architect, you need to have a data engineer. So in the old days maybe you needed one guy, now you have to have five and so that's really why partners are valuable to customers is we're able to come in, bring those resources, get everything done quickly and then turn it over. Again, before we came on camera here live, you guys have a service-led business, but the rise of MSPs, managed service providers, is huge, we're seeing it everywhere, mainly because the cloud actually enables that. You're seeing it for things like Kubernetes, serverless, certain microservices have certain domain expertise and people are making a living providing great managed services.  Do you agree with it and why did that come about and does it keep going? Is it a trend or is it a one-trick pony? I think it's a trend, I mean what you have it's the same skills gap, right? Is companies no longer want that single point of failure? We have a pool model with our managed services where your team's working with a group of people and so we have that knowledge and it's spread out and so if you're coming in and you need help with Kubernetes, we got a Kubernetes guy in that pool to help you, right? If you need data, we got a data guy and so it just makes it a lot easier where hey, I can pay the same as one guy and get a whole team of like 12 people that can be interchangeable onto my project so I think you're going to see managed services continue to rise and companies just working in that space. Do you see a new skill set coming that's kind of got visibility right now but not full visibility that's going to be needed? I ask this because the environment's changing for the better, obviously, but you're seeing companies that are highly valued like Databricks, Snowflake, they're getting killed on valuation so they're going to have a hard time retaining talent, my opinion, probably true, but if you're Databricks, you can't raise that $45 billion valuation, try to hire, seeing people. They're going to be under water from day one so there's going to be a real slowdown in these unicorns, these mega unicorns, decadcorns, whatever they're called because they got to refactor the company's stock equity package to attract people so they're going to put them on a flat foot and the next question is do they actually have the juice, the goods, to go to the new market? That's another question. So what's your take on, you're in the trenches, you're in the front lines. That's a great question.  I think Snowflake and Databricks have been great for the market. They've come in, they've innovated, Snowflake was cloud native first so they were built for the cloud and what that's done is push all the hyperscalers to improve their products, right? AWS has gone through and drastically over the last three years, improved Redshift. Like I mean, it's night and day from three years ago to today. And you think Snowflake put that pressure on them? Snowflake absolutely put that pressure on them. I don't know whether they would have gotten to that same level if Snowflake wasn't out there stealing market share but now when you look at it, Redshift is much cheaper than Snowflake so how long are people going to pay that tax to have Snowflake versus switching over to a new service? That's a nice state of clean room. That's some nice lock-in features only on Snowflake. The question is, will that last?  Clean room's a concept that was actually made by Google. I know Snowflake's trying to capture it as their own but Google's the one that actually launched the clean room concept because of marketing and all of that. Google also launched a semantic layer which Snowflake's trying to copy that. What does that mean to you? When you hear the word semantic layer, what does that mean? I mean, semantic layer just is really all about meta tags, right? How am I going through to figure out what data do I actually have in my data lake so that I can pull it for whatever I'm trying to do, whether it's dashboarding or whether it's machine learning. You're just trying to organize your data better. Ryan, you should be a Q-Pose. You're like a masterclass here in IT and cloud native. I got to ask you, since you're here, since we're having the masterclass being put on clinic here, a lot of clients are confused between how to handle the control plane and the data plane because machine learning right now is at an all-time high. You're seeing deep racer, you're seeing robotic space, all driving by machine learning. Swami said it today. The companion coder, the code whisperer, that's only going to get stronger. So machine learning needs data and feeds on data. So everyone right now is trying to put data in silos, okay, because they think, oh, compliance. You got to create a data plane and a control plane that makes it highly available so that can be shared. Right. Now, a lot of people are trying to own the data plane and some are trying to own the control plane, or both. What's your view on that? Because I see customers say, look, I want to own my own data because I can control it. Control plane, I can maybe do other things. And some are saying, I don't know what to do and they're getting forced to take both a control plane and a data plane from a vendor. Right. What's your reaction to that? So it's pretty interesting. I actually was presenting at a tech target conference this week on exactly this concept, right? Where we're seeing more and more words out there, right? It was data warehouse and it was data lake and it's lake house and it's a data mesh and it's a data fabric. And some of the concepts you're talking about really come into that data mesh, data fabric space. And what you're seeing is data is going to become a product, right, where you're going to be buying a product and the silos, yes, silos exist, but what companies have to start doing is, and this is the whole data mesh concept, is hey, yes, you finance department, you can own your silo, but now you have to have an output product that's a data product, that every other part of your company can subscribe to that data product and use it in their algorithms or their dashboards so that they can get that 360 degree view of the customer. So it's really key that you work within your business. Some businesses are going to have that silo where the data mesh works great, others are going to go. And what do you think about that because I mean my thesis would be, hey, more data, better machine learning, right? Is that the concept? So that's a misconception. Okay, so what's the rationale to share the data like that data mesh? So having more of the right data improves, just having more data in general doesn't improve, right? And often the problem is in the silos you're getting to is you don't have all the data you want, right? I was doing a big project about shipping and there's PII data when you talk about shipping, right, person's addresses, that's owned by one department and you can't get there, right, but how am I supposed to estimate the cost of shipping if I can't get data from where a person lives, right? It's just not good. All right, so another wrinkle in the equation is latency. Okay, the right data at the right time is another factor. Is that factored into data mesh versus these other approaches? Because I mean, people are streaming data, I get that, we've seen a lot of that, but talking about getting data fast enough before the decisions are made, is that an issue or is this just BS? I'm going with BS. Okay. So people talk about real time. Real time's great if you need it, but it's really expensive to do. Most people don't need real time, right? They're really looking for, I need an hourly dashboard or I need a daily dashboard. And so pushing into real time's just going to be an added expense that you don't really need. But cyber maybe, is that not, I mean maybe need a real time. Well, cyber security, yeah. I mean, there's definitely certain applications that you need real time. But don't overinvest in fantasy if you don't need an hour's fine, right?  Is that going to do anything for you? Yeah, yeah, and so this comes back down to data architecture. So the next question I asked was about a great country with the Fiddler AICC earlier, and he was at Facebook and then Pinterest, he was a data architect and built everything he said themselves. We were talking about all the stuff that's available now are all the platforms and tools available to essentially build the next Facebook if someone wanted to, from scratch. I mean, hypothetically, thought exercise. So the ability to actually ramp up and code a complete throwaway and rebuild from the ground up is possible. Absolutely. And so the question is, okay, how do you do it? How long would it take? I mean, in an ideal scenario, make some assumptions here. You got the budget, you got the people. How long to completely roll out a brand new platform? Now it's funny you asked that because about a year ago I was asked that exact same question by a customer that was in the religious space that basically wanted to build a combination of Facebook, Netflix, and Amazon all together for religious space, for religious goods and church sermons. We estimated for him about a year and about $9 million to do it. I mean, that's an A round these days, series A. So it's possible. So enterprises, what's holding them back? Just dogma, process, old school, legacy? Or are people taking the bold move to take more aggressive, swiping out old stuff and just completely rebuilding? Or is it a talent issue? What's the enterprise current mode of reset? You know, I think it really depends on the enterprise and their aversion to risk. You know, some enterprises and companies are really out there wanting to innovate.  So they came in and created a whole IoT division. You know, to chase that business that Nest stole from them. So I think often a company's not necessarily going to innovate until somebody comes in and starts stealing their lunch. You know, Ryan, Andy Jassy talked about this two re-invents ago and then Adam Sileski said the same thing this year on a different vector but kind of building on what Andy Jassy said. And it's like, you could actually take new territory down faster.  You don't have to kill the old to bring in the new. You can actually move on new ideas with a clean sheet of paper if you have that builder mindset. And I think that to me is where I'm seeing and I'd love to get your reaction because if you see an opportunity to take advantage and take territory and you have the right budget, time and people, you can get it. It's gettable. So a lot of people have this fear of, that's not our core competency and they're the frog in boiling water. You know, my answer to that is I think part of it's VCs, right? VCs have come in and they see the value of a company often by how many people you hire, right? Hire more people and the value is going to go up but often as a startup, you can't hire good people.  You should go to a firm like ours that knows AWS and can build it quickly for you because then you're going to get to the market faster versus just trying to hire a bunch of people. Well, Ryan, I really appreciate you coming on. I'd love to have you back on theCUBE again sometime. Your expertise and your insights are awesome. Give a commercial for the company, what you guys are doing, who you're looking for, what you want to do, hiring or whatever your goals are, take a minute to explain what you guys are doing and give a quick plug. Awesome. Yeah, so Mission Cloud, you know, we're a premier AWS consulting firm. You know, if you're looking to go to AWS or you're in AWS and you need help and support, we have a full team. We do everything, resell, MSP, professional services. We can get you into the cloud, optimize you, make everything run as fast as possible. I also have a full machine learning team since we're here at Remars. We can build you models, we can get them into production, can make sure everything's smooth. The company is hiring. We're looking to double in size this year. So, you know, look me up on LinkedIn, wherever. Happy to take notes. You mentioned theCUBE, you get a 20% discount. He's like, no, I don't approve that. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, really appreciate it. Again, machine learning, Swami said on stage, you can just be a full-time job just tracking just the open source projects. Never mind all the different tools and like platforms. So I think you're going to have a good tailwind for your business. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, appreciate it. Brian Rees here on theCUBE. I'm John Furrier with more live coverage here at Remars 2022 after this short break. Stay with us.


everyone.  Today I shall start discussion on very interesting and important aspect of Transmittal Chemistry that is coordination theory. Before I proceed further let me tell you about the history of behind this coordination theory. The earliest known coordination compound is the red alizarin dye first used in India and also it was known to ancient Persian and Egyptians and it is a calcium-aluminate chelate complex of hydroxo anthroquinone. This is how it looks like. The first scientifically recorded coordination compound was made by a German chemist, physicist and alchemist. Those days every chemist or a physicist or a mathematician used to be alchemist and they used to touch upon all these science subjects. So among them this German chemist Andrea Leibow Wevis was the first one who recorded scientifically inorganic complex for the first time. What he did was he described in 1597 a blue color compound having composition of 4 ammonia and a copper 2 plus ion. Of course now it is known as tetra ammonium copper formed when lime water containing sol ammonia. So those days ammonium chloride was used mentioned as sol ammonia. When it was contacted with brass they observed the formation of this blue color that is essentially due to the formation of this compound here. This is the first recorded copper complex or coordination complex. Another example of a coordination compound is a well-known blue pigment used in early 18th century known as Prussian blue with formula have shown here KFE, FEC and 6 and in fact has an interesting structure I shall show you at later stage. Another early example of a coordination complex was potassium hexa chloroplatinate that was prepared in 1760 to refine the element platinum. Fringe chemist B. M. Tasart in 1798 observed ammonical solution of cobalt chloride turned into a brownish mahogany color which is nothing but a complex having 6 ammonia and 3 chloride. Today we know that it is the hexamine cobalt 3 chloride so cobalt in plus 3 state. So this is the first complex I would say with cobalt prepared by B. M. Tasart in 1798. In the 19th century that means during the period when Mandeliff proposed periodic table many theories were proposed to understand so called coordination compounds and their formation and properties. The most successful and widely accepted traditional theory that time was so called chain theory proposed by a Swedish chemist Blomstrand in 1869 which was modified and developed by Danish chemist Sophus Mads Jorgensen. In fact Blomstrand and Jorgensen were contemporaries of Alfred Werner who proposed coordination theory after studying it very systematically. In fact it is very interesting to know about the rivalry between Jorgensen and Alfred Werner. So Jorgensen prepared numerous complexes and tried to establish his chain theory to explain the formation properties and reactivity of coordination compounds. As I said his contemporary Alsatian born Swiss chemist Albert Werner at the age of 26 he started systematic experimental work on coordination compounds. So he became a full professor at the age of 29 at the University of Zurich. In fact I would say he is the most sophisticated inorganic chemist of that time. When Jorgensen and Blomstrand were proposing coordination theory and and try to make it universal he started in a unconventional way working very systematically giving more importance to quantitative analysis rather than qualitatively looking into something and putting their hypothesis. In fact the critical evaluation of Werner's theory by Jorgensen and his group made him refine and refine and eventually come up with an excellent hypothesis to explain almost all properties of coordination compounds including their preparation, structure and all those things and during that time without having much support from analytical instruments and spectroscopic instruments he did a remarkable job and he proposed very interestingly octahedral geometry, square-penna geometry, tetrahedral geometry and also he brought concept of primary valency, secondary valency and all those things and before we proceed further I would try to tell you what is the so-called chain theory proposed by Blomstrand and Jorgensen. And you can see Blomstrand and Jorgensen actually firm believers of traditional and conservative approach followed the path of conventional organic chemistry while arriving at their theory. What that theory says is when they made hexamine cobalt 3 chloride they believed that a transient metal can have a valency of 3 not beyond that one in order to satisfy valency 3 they wrote this structure for hexamine cobalt 3 chloride and then later they reacted this one with silver nitrate and anticipating the precipitation of 3 silver chloride. In fact as they expected when this compound having this empirical formula treated with 3 equivalents of silver nitrate it led to the precipitation of 3 equivalents of silver chloride this kind of structure is based on their understanding for organic chemistry where CH2 groups are linked to each other so that is the reason they called it as chain theory where instead of writing now well known octahedral geometry they wrote in this fashion showing chloride outside and also putting a chain of 4 ammonium molecules and chlorine at the end and they a proposal that since these chlorides are far away from cobalt the precipitation of these things are elimination of these things as silver chloride would be rather easy. So then they extended to this compound here in this compound also keeping the same convention they wrote like this showing one covalent bond here and another ammonia and putting chloride on ammonia and they satisfied the coordination number we call it as 5 here and in this case they were succeeded in you know precipitating 2 chlorides and they concluded that yes since this is very close to cobalt so it cannot be precipitated out and if it is far any chloride atom that is far from cobalt binding in this fashion then can give the outer chlorides can come out as silver chloride. So in this case they got 2 chlorides coming out again their hypothesis was looking convincing and then when they went for this one okay again they wrote this structure here and to their surprise okay so when they treated with excess of silver nitrate they could get only one silver chloride precipitating out again proving their chain theory in this case they failed here so when they had 3 ammonium and 3 chloride and it is a neutral complex it is not ionic no chlorides are there in the outer sphere so in this case they expected at least one silver chloride precipitation so that did not happen so when they treated with silver nitrate there was no precipitation of silver chloride so this chain theory miserably failed but still they were proposing and arguing and criticizing systematic work carried out by Werner. Before I proceed to tell you about the painstaking work of Werner's research and work on coordination compounds let me tell you why coordination chemistry is so important today the modern organometallic compounds are nothing but the general class of coordination compounds and they find numerous chemical and technological applications for example if you want to split water photolithically to produce H2 keeping renewable energy in mind you have to go for metal complexes and also for generating non-polluting fuels and we all know that metals play vital role in biological systems we talk about metalloenzymes in fact enzymes observed in plants as well as living beings have no identity if the metal present in their system is taken out so that indicates the importance of metals in biological systems you consider photosynthesis respiration energy transfer metabolism every biological process involves a metalloenzyme that shows the importance of metals in biology and also most of the metals look like a metal complex and of course gold complex was used for tuberculosis treatment as early as 1917 and also arthritis treatment also gold compounds were used and 1927 onwards cisplatin and related compounds are used in cancer treatment chemotherapy and even now cisplatin is used for prostate cancer and several platinum derivatives are used in various cancers treatment and photography of course now we have digital photography when analog photography was there the greatest contribution of coordination compounds was in photography and of course chemical application in catalysis is well known both coordination compounds and organometallic compounds play a major role in homogeneous catalysis to an extent also in heterogeneous catalysis. So here if you see Wilkinson catalyst and this is used in hydrogenation and several other organic transformations and this rhodium hydro compound is used in monocentro company they started using in monocentro company for carbon relation the carbon relation is nothing but the treatment of methanol with carbon monoxide and in which carbon monoxide is inserted to form acetic acid and Vasca's compound this transredium chloro carbonyl bis triphenyl phosphine compound was used in hydro formulation this is a typical hydro formulation reaction I have shown here and the combination of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminium was used by Ziegler Natta in alkene polymer HN and the utility of cisplatin in antitumor cancer treatment is well known and my own research I developed a phosphorous and sulphur donor compound and when treated with rhodium chloro carbonyl dimer it forms a chelate compound that shows interesting and almost comparable catalytic activity the one that was used by monocentro for carbon relation. So let us come back to coordination theory and coordination coordination compounds is synonymous with Alfred Werner as I mentioned at the age of 29 he became the full professor of chemistry at Zurich University and he started this pioneering work at the age of 26 when no instrumental facilities whether it is analytical or spectroscopic is available not only that even the atomic structure was not known and even electrons were not known okay he proposed with coordination theory in 1893 you recall electrons were discovered by JJ Thompson in 1896 and for this his painstaking work okay he was awarded Nobel prize in 1913 at the age of 47 and as I mentioned hexamine cobalt III chloride is the first coordination compound discovered by Tassard in 1798. What are the Werner's concepts okay so he clearly distinguished between coordination compounds and double salts coordination compounds when you put into aqueous medium or solution they retain their identity whereas double salts they lose their identity and disintegrate into the corresponding ions so this is the first attempt he made in establishing coordination theory by distinguishing coordination compounds from double salts what is primary valency in only ionic complexes you can see primary valency but in secondary valency in both ionic and neutral complexes you can see that one for example if you consider hexamine cobalt chloride and here this ammonia inside is denoted by coordination number so if it is 6 secondary valency is 6 or coordination number is 6 and outside whatever is there outside the bracket as count anions they are considered as primary valency and number of ionic bonds are 3 cl minus they are held by primary valency that means they are involved in ionic bonding with cobalt whereas this ammonia inside the coordination sphere are involved in covalent bonding and they are with ionic bonds okay so 6 ammonia held by secondary valency. So this is how clearly he brought the term primary valency and secondary valency and secondary valency is nothing but the coordination number and based on coordination number he proposed various geometries for example when coordination number was 6 without any ambiguity he proposed octahedral geometry and when coordination number was 5 he could tell about square pyramidal geometry and pentah trigonal bipyramidal geometry so when the coordination number 5 he proposed both square pyramidal geometry and trigonal bipyramidal geometry and for coordination number 4 he proposed both square planar geometry and as well as tetrahedral geometry depending upon the metal ions and the type of ligands involved and when coordination number was 3 he proposed trigonal planar and for coordination number 2 he proposed linear geometry and all these geometry and structural establishment and primary valency, secondary valency all these things he could do efficiently because of his quantitative thought and excellent experimental skills and also using conductivity measurements beyond that he did not had any other aid to support his work. Now let us look into how he distinguished between primary and secondary valency for example he treated cobalt 3 chloride with excess of ammonia and he got a compound having composition this one hexamine cobalt 3 okay so in this case what happens after making this compound where 6 ammonia are there he treated that one with excess of silver nitrate and he could get 3 equivalents of silver chloride precipitating out thereby he said 6 ammonia secondary valency and 3 chlorides are primary valency and again he generated with different ratios of chloride and ammonia and in the second one he took 5 ammonia and he ended up having 1 chloride inside so 1 chloride becomes secondary valency and then 2 were primary valency as a result when he treated with silver nitrate he could observe respitation of 2 equivalent of silver chloride similarly when he had 4 ammonia inside the coordination sphere along with 2 chloride so 1 chloride were primary valency as a result 1 silver chloride was precipitated and when he just treated cobalt chloride with 3 equivalents of ammonia he got a neutral complex having 3 chloride and 3 ammonia as secondary valency and as a result there was no precipitation so using this one again he proposed all of them have octahedral geometry he could clearly distinguish between secondary valency and primary valency for that one there was no answer from chain theory proposed by Brom strand and Jorgensen despite all this work the rivalry continued and Jorgensen was not ready to accept he went on criticizing Werner's work and then similar work he undertook with platinum compounds so he made a platinum compound of this type here and in this one what happens he could get 4 equivalents of silver chloride coming out in this one because similarly when he tried this one he got 3 equivalents of silver chloride coming out so he went on making all these compounds and if you see here in this one tetra chloroplatinate in this one we do not have any ammonia ligands and all chlorates are secondary valency and it is a square planar complex now we know and here when he treated with silver nitrate there was no precipitation of silver chloride so now he had a dilemma of establishing either tetrahedral geometry or square planar geometry for this one let me first come to the establishment of octahedral geometry for secondary valency 6 so when you have coordination number 6 you have 3 options or 3 geometries at your disposal one is hexagonal planar one is trigonal prismatic and one is octahedral okay this is trigonal prismatic and this is trigonal antiprismatic the trigonal antiprismatic you can call it as octahedral so then he made a homolyptic complex having one type of ligand say mx6 and in this one if when he tried to fit into these geometries all the geometries gave only one isomer so here it is inconclusive okay and option is open here you can have any one of these things so next he made a complex having this composition mx5y again when he put into all these things he ended up getting only one isomer and when he attempted experimentally also he ended up with one isomer but he was very inconclusive in arriving at an appropriate or right geometry for this one with coordination number 6 it worked out very nicely when he made a metal complex having this composition like mx4y2 so here again he started fitting this one to identify how many isomers are possible with each structure so he tried here he got three structures here of course you can try using four x and two y ligands and you will end up with three isomers here and same thing is true in case of trigonal prismatic geometry also you will end up with three isomers but if in case of octahedral geometry you will end up with only two isomers and in fact when he made several attempts to make different possible isomers of octahedral complex having composition of mx4y2 he could succeed only in making two isomers not three or more therefore he concluded that probably preferred geometry is octahedral and not trigonal prismatic or hexagonal planar so further evidence came when he made this molecule or this complex having this kind of composition like mx3y3 so 3 2 type of ligands in 1 is to 1 ratio in 3 is to 3 so with this one what happens when he again tried experimentally with this kind of composition he ended up with only two isomers and again when you try to fit into these geometries you end up getting three isomers in case of hexagonal planar and also you get three isomers in case of trigonal prismatic but when you try to fit in this composition you will end up with only two isomers now we know that they are facial and meridional so and again when he tried experimentally he could get only two isomers with this kind of composition with these evidences he concluded beyond any doubt that when the coordination number is 6 or secondary valency is 6 a complex is going to be assuming octahedral geometry where the central metal ion will be surrounded by 6 ligands in an octahedral fashion. So this is how he established octahedral geometry and Jorgensen believed in only trivalency and he never believed he severely criticized that ion or a metal ion or any atom can never have 6 coordination being a very true conservative and having more love towards organic chemistry where organic chemistry we know that when the carbon is there you do not go beyond tetrahedral geometry so he was not ready to accept and but still he was proposing and he was trying to make popular his theory and in fact in 1907 his name was also sent for Nobel Prize and that time the other eminent scientist names came into picture were Nuerst, Rudolf Fuhr, Buchmann and Werner and another Werner contemporary Valach so these six people names were sent and Nobel committee was not convinced that neither Jorgensen's theory nor Werner's theory is complete and they can explain all the properties and eventually in 1907 Buchner was given a Nobel Prize for his cellless fermentation process and of course we are all familiar with that name because we used Buchner funnel for filtration when we got some precipitate. So let me stop at this censure and continue telling interesting story of discovery of coordination compounds by Werner and how eventually he established many more interesting aspects using his coordination theory until that have an excellent time of reading chemistry.


Hey guys, Thundie here, and today we are going to be talking about my top five gaming smartphones for 2019. And I'll be giving one of these devices away at the end of this video. 2019 saw the increase of devices that gamed really well and also gaming smartphones that showed us a lot of great performance and a lot of great features. Now my very first device at number five is the Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro. Now the Redmi Note 8 Pro is a lovely device. Well, what I like about the Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro is that it starts at $255, something under our smartphone. It's got a 6.53 inch display, so it's got a 4,500 milliamp battery, so big battery, and it's powered by the Minitech Helios G90T processor. Some really good performance on here, you're playing Call of Duty Mobile, you're playing PUBG. You would get the performance that you'd like in a gaming smartphone, not maybe your top tier, but again, at a price that you can definitely deal with. 8 gigs of RAM, enough storage. I think this is just a solid buy at $255. Now moving in at number four is one that might shock you guys. This is the LG G8X ThinQ. Now the G8X ThinQ is an interesting device because, yeah, it looks like a normal phone. Now it's powered by the Snapdragon 855 processor. It's got 6 gigs of RAM, you've got a 4,000 milliamp battery, you've got fast charging here, 21 watt fast charging. But what's unique is that this also comes in most places you buy with a case that has a second display. Now you've got a 6.4 inch display, 2340 by 1080p. Now you've got two of those matching resolution displays. This allows you to have something that no device on this list can claim, is you can have a dual screen setup where your second screen is your controller setup. And it's absolutely cool. You can map your controller for any game you have and each game has a different controller layout, which is truly unique and great. Now this would have been my number one phone if LG had included triggers on that case. Now because they're no triggers, it's a little bit difficult to be playing shooters like Call of Duty Mobile or PUBG on this effectively. And that's what I think truly just holds this back because I think this is a great platform to actually game on. I think a lot of gamers will like it. So LG, take note. So moving in at number three is the Samsung Galaxy Fold. Yes, although this is not a gaming device, what this phone does really well is the fact that it opens up from, of course, a regular phone into a 7.3 inch device that gives you the most amount of real estate you can never think of to play any of your games. So you're playing PUBG Mobile, you're playing Call of Duty, you've got enough space to see everything. Now it doesn't shine on specs either. It's got a Snapdragon 855 processor. You've got 12 gigabytes of RAM, there's enough RAM here. You've got UFS 3.0, of course, storage. So really fast reason right storage, especially when you're playing a lot of games. 43, 80 milliamp battery. The battery is actually pretty good on this device. 15 watt charging is a bit slower than everybody else. But performance on here is really good. Games look really great. And again, that real estate is second to none. I truly like using this device to game. And I think a lot of people will because it just gives you the most amount of space while playing on a mobile device. Now my number two device is actually two devices here, but the same family. I'm talking about the Nubia Red Magic 3 and Magic 3S. Now they're very similar devices. One came out earlier this year. The second one came out towards the end of the year. Both of them are pure gaming devices. Now in terms of displays, they both have 6.65 inch displays. The resolution of course is 2340 by 1080p. Both have 5,000 milliamp batteries. Now the key difference here is that one has the Red Magic 3 has an 855. Red Magic 3S has, of course, an 855 plus. I'm gonna focus on the Red Magic 3S here because 855 plus, you can see the gaming design. You've got RGB lighting in the back of the phone, your fingerprint sensor. You've got a 48 megapixel camera, but of course it is a beefy device. Now 12 gigs of RAM on here. And of course you do have the game center button. You switch that button into game mode. Whether it's an inbuilt fan you can turn on to actually cool your device while you're gaming. You've got, of course, the ability to remap certain buttons because you've got triggers at the very top of the right hand side of the phone. So you can actually use those trigger buttons, especially for your shooters like PUBG Mobile and of course Call of Duty Mobile. And it makes gaming on those games so good and really nice. Big battery, 5,000 milliamps means you can game for quite a amount of time. And enough again, it's got a 90 hertz display. So really fast refresh rate, looks really good, feels really good to game. If you're a gamer, this is literally a great phone for you to pick up. Pricing starts around, you know, $600 and I think it's a solid smartphone at this price point. In terms of fast charging, you've got 18 watt fast charging on here. And I truly like it. Either you're getting the red magic three or the red magic three S, both of them are really, really solid. And finally our number one gaming smartphone is the ASUS ROG Phone 2. The ASUS came out this year strong with ROG Phone 2. 6.59 inch display, it's got a 6,000 milliamp battery. I think this thing lasts for days. I mean, I'm talking about days. Resolution 2340 by 1080p. You've got a Snapdragon 855 plus processor. That display is 90 hertz, but the other thing is also got 120 hertz touch sampling. Which means while you're sliding on that screen, it feels really smooth. And this is why this makes it the best gaming experience. Now, coupled with that, you've also got, you know, touch sensitive areas on the right hand side of the device, giving you triggers where you can remap buttons again for your shooters and other games, giving you more dexterity while you're gaming. And of course the game center that is fully equipped showing you of course all your stats from your FPS, your temperature, your GPU and CPU levels, those kind of things, recording on screen, so much more than making such an in-depth device. Not forgetting also you do have UFS 3.0 storage, so giving you fast storage and the RAM goes up to 12 gigabytes. Now, this device starts at around $559 and goes all the way up to about 1,000, but this is your premier and cream of the crop gaming smartphone.  So there you have it guys. Those are the five gaming smartphones of 2019. I think they're just top five that you can pick from, be something as cheap as of course the Xiaomi Redmi Note 8 Pro or something as versatile and massive display as a Galaxy Fold or even a dual display like the LG G8X. You've got devices here for you. And as I mentioned earlier, we are giving away one of these devices and that is the Nubia Red Magic 3. This is an awesome device. Of course, with a Snapdragon 855, 90Hz display, solid gaming device and to enter to win, you have to of course use a gleam link down below to enter and you are good to go. Of course, I will announce the winners in two weeks. I will announce the winners through gleam and also on Twitter. So follow me on Twitter as well and you will see the answers there. So thank you very much guys. If you have any questions or any comments, let me know. Otherwise, don't forget to like and share, subscribe to the channel and always enjoy your entertainment.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here's about screen 5 again just to jump right on into it So come into us from one take news They have learned from sources that director Ryan Johnson will be directing the fictional stab 8 in 2022 screen he is referenced in the film as being the guy from knives out He actually did direct that movie and in scream all the fans hate stab 8 and Johnson directing the film is meant to Make fun of fans who become toxic because some of the sequels don't do what they want like the last Jedi Sadly Johnson will not came in the film, but he is thanked in the credits of this movie So as far as like what they're doing here now the good thing of course is we know we have another stab movie coming out in This universe or at all it has already come out But the fact that this in and of itself is what they are doing it is we don't know if it's actually a sequel But scream is a sequel. It's just not title screen 5 stab 8. We don't know if it's a sequel or not But if it is it's just not being called stab 8 So I think that's a very clever way for them to be addressing the current climate of things that are going on in the world Because this was not going on as much when Screen 4 was out, but it's something that's happening very much more now as far as like the toxic fandom stuff and them doing that To address that I think their explanation here Talking about it's it's a way of addressing toxic fandom I think that kind of lends more clues to what could be going on with the killers this time around because we know we're gonna be having secrets being uncovered that we didn't know about 25 years ago and if we have a fictional movie where This could also be where that flamethrower metallic mask ghost face shows up in stab 8 if we have a Section of people that we are gonna find out about who are so upset with stab 8 in the film Maybe there's another section of these people that are just that insane and they've been they've been looking for anything that they can about the original killings that many people did not know about and just hoping that they could bring something to light in a way to Revive the stab franchise bring it back to the glory that it once was or that they think it should have been Back when the original came out Maybe they're a group of people who don't even like the second through a film They just like the original and they think all the other ones are trash And maybe there's something that they found out That has prompted them to spark a new Woodsboro killing spree This will of course have something to do with Sam and her background why she left Woodsboro And then that's how they could also be addressing toxic fandom even further just like an Exaggeration of how far are people willing to go when it relates to getting what they think they should be getting what they feel entitled to when it relates to Fandom and just what they are fans of and things that they I Would say just admire and just have an obsession with how far they willing to go to get what they think They are entitled to from a franchise or anything that they love for that matter going into Sam Carpenter Can she be a good final girl to carry us into screen 6 and screen 7 or will she be a good enough final girl to hold the mantle from Sydney Prescott so as far as like that all of that I feel like comes down to whether or not Melissa Barrera can sell The people watching this movie on that the qualities of city are very present and evident with this character She has a traumatic past. She has a past. She is trying to run from and forget and She this is something I haven't seen too many too many people focus on she has a sibling Also, that's another thing that sitting has but in this case you have something different going on you have a chance to see a healthy sibling dynamic between her and Tara Carpenter played by Gino Ortega Hopefully over the course of screen 6 and whatever other entries that come out after this If Tara is one that survives the film and if Sam herself also survives the film as well Because with Sydney sibling Sydney sibling was someone who was the complete opposite not very healthy it was negative he was actually one of the ghost face killers Roman Bridger that being and Their whole bond was just rooted in Hate and disdain not from Sydney mostly, but just from Roman I feel like with Sydney Sydney was just more so like in a state of like I can't believe I have to do this right now with my own brother because when she When Roman was dying you could see it in her eyes. The way it was just conveyed through Nef Campbell's amazing work as an actress Sydney did not take any type of pleasure in that even when she was telling do it to shoot him in the head It was just like, you know, I'm telling do it to do the right thing But a part of me does not want my brother to get shot in the head And it's just the way she looks after it's all said and done You know, she does she doesn't take any pleasure in that because those two should have had a very healthy upbringing They should have been in each other's lives. It shouldn't have been something like what they what they got in scrim Three Scott Foley, he was amazing in the role at the end when they were interacting with each other They're chemistry him and Neves chemistry Just felt like a I felt like they were really related Even despite them not having any scenes prior to that That's the biggest thing that kind of takes you out of it. I would say the fact that they have no scenes prior to it But yet despite that they make it work. It's as if they they knew each other. They made it seem like they knew each other Definitely had that sibling chemistry and the chemistry just in general between them made that's made their interactions at the end Much more believable and it kept me engaged still keeps me engaged when I rewatched screen three So you have a chance to see a healthy relationship between Sam and Tara, hopefully and As far as like the trauma because we know what Sydney Sydney's whole appeal I feel like besides Neve Campbell just being a wonderful actress. She had a girl next door vibe to her You know, she stood out from her group of friends. She wasn't the girl that was overly sociable when she was around them She was very reserved. We don't know if this was something that was sparked by her mother's demise I've talked about this previously She could have been more like Tatum prior to her mother's death much more outgoing much more sociable But when we see her in screaming most of the rest of the franchise, she's very reserved. She is Wholesome she has that girl next door vibe She isn't someone who's into the horror movies the way the rest of them seem to be But she also isn't someone that again is into the party scene. We see her at one point Going to a party with Tatum at Stu's house, of course And it's not because she necessarily wanted to go is because you know if Tatum's going then I'll go Because if Tatum was going Sydney would have been at home by herself. That's just the vibe she gave off So with Sam I feel like Sam needs to needs to Capture a essence of someone who stands out from the rest of the group We'll see the group of teens since they'll be much more outgoing and they like to go to bars We'll get to see her suffer from this trauma learn what that trauma is grow attached to her Grow some type of sympathy towards her And but this will also be up to just how Melissa Barrera conveys it all through her performance Does she put on a performance that makes you want to see this character stick around in screen six and screen seven because A pattern in the back from Sydney Prescott and just her giving some dialogue about you know, this is This is your story now some like some type of cringy dialogue like that That's not going to be enough For viewers if they don't care about Sam I don't care who Sydney is saying is going to take the mantle now If the character you're having Sydney give the mantle to is someone your audience doesn't care about Then they're going to be upset at some point. They're not going to want to see Sam But let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below What do you think about sam you think she can carry the franchise if you have an array, of course Make sure you subscribe turn off post notifications at never miss a video in the description I have links in my social media accounts on facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there, of course So let me know if there's any movies news or views you would like me to cover in the future and with all that in Mind guys, I will see you in the next video


Welcome to toffee TV. It is the Everton News Daily. Luka Dean has retained early from international duty with France after Feeling muscle pain in training on Tuesday He remained with France for last night's game against Belgium, which they won 3-2 to go into the nation's finals Sunday But he was saying to Finch Farm to be treated by the Everton physios and obviously it's touching go now whether they'll be available for Nick Sunday's game against West Ham obviously the player suffered an injury against QPR recently as well But did recover for the knowledge game so ever and I've obviously got a a lot of work to do during the week to get him fit for that game with no Natural backup for him. It would probably have to mean then Godfrey going to left back and maybe Mason Hallgate coming in at Right back if Sheamus Coleman doesn't return from injury himself But hopefully it's just a precaution and maybe France with having Hernandez there Think that it's just you know better to send them back than risk any any issues going forward So I'll have to wait and see what happens there also an international duty Yeti me and I played last night in a nil-nil draw against Yorah Gwai That leaves them fifth placed in the the league table South America have a league table with 10 10 teams So they are Yeah, still fifth So I think he plays again this weekend as well before we get him back So we're nil-nil day for yeti me and a good clean sheet for him Andres Tarn's end has won the goal of the month from the Premier League He's the first player to win it three times after winning it twice with Crystal Palace For goals against West Brom and the goal against Manchester City. So congratulations to him England's game against Andorra tomorrow featuring obviously Jordan Pickford is Apparently in doubt after a large fire broke out in one of the stands So we'll have to wait and see whether Jordan Pickford is involved in that game anyway with it being Andorra But whether that game goes ahead the team had previously been training on the pitch Yeah, so Blackpool's chief executive Ben Mansford has not ruled out them going back for Ellis Sims in January The player scored 10 goals in 24 games when he was on loan at them at the end of last season Obviously missed out on the playoff final Mansford told the Blackpool Gazette. I'm sure talks are going on between Ellis and the advisors Ellis really enjoyed his time here and we enjoyed having them So we would hope that he would continue to keep relations with both Everton and Ellis's agents Let's wait and see if it's right for all parties As it was when he first joined if it's right in the future Then we will we would like to think Ellis feels fondly about his time here Ellis Sims, of course, is out of contact at the end of the season as well So I haven't have to make a decision that going forward whether they're going to keep the player Players obviously recently been on the bench But was not featured on the bench against Manchester United and was seen at the photo shoot Wearing a protective boots. So We'll have to wait and see whether whether that injury is flared up again or it's a new injury or whether it was just precautionary, I don't I don't I don't know There you go. Thank you for watching the Everton news daily. I've seen no games For the men's team this weekend. Everton ladies are playing on Sunday in a very tough game away asked and make sure to check out our preview with Sarah that is available now on the channel so give that a Watch also you've got till 7 45 to get your team in for ultimate fan. The link is in the description It's an international special this week. You pick teams from the european qualifiers So you probably have to change your whole team this week So make sure you do that the link is in the description if you have not got the game already You can download it for free and play for free. There you go. Thanks for watching Give this video a like subscribe if you haven't already if you want more great videos daily live videos join us over on patreon. See you later


We're going to work through a quick tutorial in CorelDRAW, creating a simple laser cutter project, a plant stake to be specific. So I'm just going to open a new document. And the first thing I'm going to do is create a rectangle for my plant stake. And I'm just going to eyeball that rectangle out using my rectangle tool.  And I'm going to hit Enter to have it accept that. So now I have a one inch by seven inch rectangle that's going to be the basis of my plant stake. Next I'm going to come to my text tool where I'm going to open up a text box and click and type in what I want my plant stake to say. And I'm going to type it all in uppercase letters so that it fits on my plant stake nicely. While I have it in this text tool, I'm going to up my font size a little bit so I can see it better. And I'm also going to make my font choice. I'm going to pick a nice chunky font that shows up well and will be nice and sturdy on my plant stake. We'll go with that one. Other choices I need to make while I'm still in my font text tool is spacing, spelling, and font choice. So if I want to change my spacing between my letters, I can do this over in my paragraph tab under my object properties. And all my font size and text choices are over here under my object properties as well. So once I've made those choices, I go back to my pick tool and I'm going to put my cursor over one of my letters while I right click and convert that word to curves. So I'm turning it from an editable text into a vector object. And I know it's a vector object. When I select it and I go to my shape tool, I get all my curves and nodes that pop up along my word. So I'm going to go back to my pick tool and I'm going to move my word up into the upper left-hand corner of my plant stake just so that it nestles nicely in that corner. And then I can pull from my bottom right-hand corner to resize the word however big I want it on my plant stake. And that looks good to me. The next thing I need to do is I need to convert my rectangle to curves as well. So I'm going to right click on the edge of my rectangle and I'm going to say convert to curves for that. So when I go to my shape tool, it turns blue and now I have nodes. Once I've converted my rectangle, I'm going to go up to my ruler on the top of my page and I'm just going to click and drag down a guideline and drop it right at the base of my word. But I want it to overlap each letter a little bit because that's where my words are going to connect to my plant stake. So I need there to be some overlap. In my shape tool then, I'm going to add a node where those two lines intersect. Right here along the left-hand side of my rectangle and that new guideline I just dropped. I'm going to click and add a black placeholder and then I'm going to right click on that node and add it. And now I have a new node. I'm going to do the same thing. I'm going to pull a guideline out of my left-hand ruler and drop it right along the edge of my word. I'm going to leave a little bit of a blank space, a gap, because I think it's easier to read that word with a little negative space behind it. Once I have that guideline, I'm going to add a new node where the new guideline intersects with the top of my rectangle. So I need to click on it with my shape tool and then I zoom in on that intersection, click and drop a black placeholder and then I'm going to right click and add a node there. So now I have two new nodes added on my rectangle right here at these corners. My next step is to take the upper left-hand corner of my rectangle, that node. I'm going to click and drag it down to this intersection created by my guidelines. I'm going to just drop it there kind of roughly and then I'm going to zoom in so I can see the detail and move it a little more carefully right onto that intersection so that my new bottom, I now have a cutout around my letters and the bottom of my stake intersects with every single one of my letters. I'm going to add one more node to finish my plant stake and I'm going to add that node here along the right-hand edge of my rectangle. So I'm going to zoom in and this one doesn't need to be exact. I'm going to drop it somewhere in the center and add a node. This is a node I'm going to pull out for my stake of my plant and it can be however sharp I want it to be. I'm just going to eyeball it. So now I have what's looking like a plant stake. My next step is to go up to my pick tool and make sure I select both my word and my plant stake.   Now that I've done that, I have one more step to create my plant stake. So if I had sent it to the laser cutter like this anywhere there's a red line, it's going to cut which means it would cut my word off of my plant stake which is it what we want. So while both the word and the stake are selected I'm going to go up to my object, drop down shaping and weld so that anywhere my lines overlapped it now creates one solid object. And if you had your lines overlapping like we did you should now have a plant stake where the letters are all connected. So this I could send to the laser cutter and cut out my new plant stake that says basil. My last step is always to go to file save as and save my plant stake as a curl draw document with the selected only check marked so that I just save that plant stake I just made.