This is Stink Tech, Hawaii. Community matters here. Hey, Aloha, and welcome to Stand Energy Man. This week on Aloha Friday on my lunch hour, it's been a busy month this month. I have no idea how it's going by so fast, but what I wanted to do is throw a poster up and show you how I spent the early part of the month in New York City. I went to the Hydrogen Council, and I wanted to throw this up there because I wanted people to understand that the hydrogens start to make a move. So this is the Hydrogen Council, so like one liner, but you can see the companies down below that are involved, Kawasaki, Honda, Shell, Toyota, you know, Air Lequid, big companies, Audi. There's big car companies, big oil companies, and other folks that are really contributing to this organization. And they've moved up from 17 CEOs, you see in the upper left there, but they're talking 10 billion euros in investment money and assets, and their goal is to reduce carbon emissions to zero, and they want to focus on hydrogen as the tool. So I tried to bring this graphic in in the last two shows, but didn't get a chance to throw it up, and I wanted to bring it up for a little bit today. Anyway, to today's show, as a result of that meeting in New York, I was connected with an handsome gentleman from Paris who does consulting work and does some great stuff over in Europe, and I had a chance this week to talk to him. It's a great opportunity for me to kind of get a European perspective on hydrogen and for him to look at what we're doing out here in Hawaii, on an island community with hydrogen. So I've got Joelle Royette from Paris, thanks for spending some time with the city. Very happy to be here. I'm really glad you could be on the show today. It was kind of touch and go, but thanks for carving out a little bit of time. I really appreciate it. Perfect timing for me. Thanks. Thanks for the invitation. Well, tell us a little bit about what you do with the bridge tank, and that's your organization, what it does and the kind of work that you do and maybe a little bit about why you're interested in hydrogen. Yeah, we're basically a think tank. So you're a think tech, we're a think tank, and I think this is the kind of two organizations that have to work together when new systems, new innovations have to come up. A think tank generally is a box, a tank where you put ideas and out of the tank you put out influence to policy makers, but also to investors, and this is what we do, and we do that on mostly on energy, mostly on energies that can accompany the fight against climate change, and we've been associated with the Paris Agreement with the COP22 the year after in Marrakech in Morocco, where they've tried to put the agreement of Paris into actions and will be associated on this process. So we are working with guys like you all around the world to have some new initiatives see the ground that the action takes place, but the policy makers have often to know more about that so that we can push them. And this is our job to flag it. Yeah, like they say, words without action or hallucination, right? So think tech, or the think tank makes it go from just an idea to reality. Exactly, but we have to be rooted into projects and we have to be rooted into real technology so it's not for the day after tomorrow, it's for something which is very next to happen, but which is sometimes missing this little twist, or you know this little pinch of push, and this is what you're trying to do. Well, tell us a little bit about what you did in New York during that climate week, what are some of the events that you were involved in or that you enjoyed about the week in New York? Well, you know, there was a climate week, but there's also every year at the same time, there's what they call the UN General Assembly, and this is the week for, you have the week for the heads of state. So it's the moment in the year where you have the highest density of those policy makers, which you can approach more or less different events, and where you can push the agendas of the industry, of researchers, of innovators. So as a think tank, we've been associated with a variety of events from side events, organized by some organizations, like for instance the California State had a side event where they want to promote their next 2018 climate gathering in September. So from those kind of events to side events next to the hydrogen council, or side events of the United Nations themselves, where to try, for instance, this ideal in international development of law organization, they've launched a new initiative to help developing countries receiving legal assistance when they have investments, because sometimes when we have the systems, we want to deploy them not just in rich countries, but also in fast-growing emerging countries. And investments are needed, but all the consultancy expertise around is important. So this is all what you find in this very bustled week in New York, and this was fascinating. Do you find that some of these countries that want to, say, maybe move into new technologies don't have the legal structure to really handle it themselves, the complex contracts and international companies coming into their country to protect themselves? Is that some of the things that you look at? I would say you have to talk about two groups of countries. You have what we call the emerging economies. And our think tank, we work a lot with emerging economies. We are a European-based, European-based think tank, but we also have our board members from China, from India, from countries like Morocco, which are emerging economies already. Now, these economies, they don't lack the system they have. And they even have the space. They are laboratories, if you want to try that. I'll just give you one example. Morocco is the only country in the world which has designed a set of policies that allow them to be under the 1.5 degree change. You have this two degrees change goal from the Paris Agreement. You have only six countries, which are below two. You have only one country, which is below 1.5. This is Morocco. And you have many countries, which are beyond two. So you would have those emerging countries, can be leaders in that. And then you have what we call least developed countries that is in United Nations' parlance. Now, it's still very important to have them on board, because they can have 6% growth, 7% growth sometimes. Or 5% growth is already a big change. With a 5% growth, you double your economy in 15 years. And these countries have the potential, have some investors, and they can have some legal advice from the United Nations-specific organizations, for instance, or from think tanks. OK. Well, you know, I was in New York for the Hydrogen Council. So your trip here, and I think some of your time in New York, you were looking at hydrogen. Can you tell us kind of your general impression of the future of hydrogen in the world? You know how it's going to be used, and kind of give us that future look that you do as a think tank member to get us two years down the road and tell us what you see. And I know I missed you in New York. That's why I had to chase you and come to Hawaii. I'm glad you found me. I'm very glad I found you. Now, I think this year is very special. It's a combination of things. We can get back to that. But with our think tank, we've been lucky to examine what's happening in the US. So the East Coast, both the West Coast and Hawaii. We have opportunities to look at the policies they have in Japan, what happens in Europe, of course. I was mentioning Morocco or China. What we see is that through our network of experts, we see that we're maybe not yet at the tipping point, economically speaking, but technologically speaking, in terms of projects and in terms of interest and awareness, hydrogen is back on the scene. Hydrogen is becoming a real subject for the energy transformation. People are realizing that it will not be an old hydrogen economy. Of course, it's not that we're shifting oil for hydrogen, where the one system would have only one system. No, it's not that. But they're realizing that you can't think of any single system without having hydrogen as part of the equation.  And those people tend to not like hydrogen. I mean, Elon Musk, who makes the Tesla, he doesn't like hydrogen at all. But the hydrogen people, we think batteries are OK. I mean, we don't have a problem with batteries, but it just doesn't seem to fit. We're not quite like you say at that tipping point where everybody understands that we need to make a lot of changes in our transportation sector and clean it up. And it's going to be electric, but it's going to need plug-in electric. It's going to need maybe even natural gas for a while. And it's going to be hydrogen as part of the mix. We call it all of the above solution to get us to where we need to meet those goals, the climate goals that you're talking about. For us, as a think tank, it's very important to be neutral. So we cannot be on the likes of this. We have our likes, but we're not supposed to tell. So we're not about the likes and dislikes. We have to have the same kind of neutrality as the researchers are supposed to be. But we have to do one thing further, which is to identify what are the next projects, which are possible, what are the next moves, what is needed, what are the bottlenecks, so that those possible things develop and see the day of the light. And then the market will choose as the first aspect. The second aspect is that if you're talking battery, if you're taking hydrogen for mobility, well, I think that more and more the consumer will see electricity at the end. Now, what's at the back up? What's at the backbone of this electricity will be a combination of system. And it can be battery for part of it. It can be hydrogen, fuel cells for part of it. It can be combination within the same system, of course. And I'm not entering into the technology. You know that way better than I know. But it will be a combination. Now, the key question for think tanks like us, for economic think tanks like us, and for the policymakers is to try and understand in a foreseeable, rather near future, what will be the technologies for which kind of segment of mobility. Passenger car in the next two, three years is in this system or that system, or both. Same question in five years, same question in 10 years. Now, same question, same set of questions for the trucks, for the lifters, for different uses. And we have to try and design a map and plan like that. And of course, as one of the Beatles, I think as John Lennon said, life happens while you're busy making plans. So we draw the map and then reality and fast taking guys are upsetting those plans. But we have to keep up at that. And I think there's ample space for all technologies, but I think there's no sustainable system without hydrogen. And this is recognition on that. We had a little bit of a discussion about the relationship between hydrogen and the grid. And I think we both came to a common ground on that, that most people don't realize that connection, that with this electric transformation and transportation, one of the key things is maybe the grid has to understand hydrogen as well as the transportation sector. Do you have any kind of more thoughts on that? Yeah, to keep at peace with the grid people, I'm myself a former grid people. In the 20th century, I started my career with grid planning. Now, grid is something incredibly complex. People have no clue, no realization of how incredibly complex it can be. The thing is that today it's a given, it's a taken. We've designed, we've developed in every country, we've developed a grid for decades. We have this grid. Now, those new renewable energies will kind of not upset the grid but will... Challenge it. Challenge it, you know? Challenge it in a big way. The way it's operated today, the way it runs, and the way it's gonna be planned for the next 10 years or the next decades. And for that second question, frankly, we don't know because how much, which extent of a grid do we know? Do we need, sorry, in the future, a grid is to interconnect different parts. Now, if those different parts are securely enough, I would say autonomous, then you need much less of a grid. But as of now, the grid will be challenged by that. So I think it's your responsibility also, you people in the industry, you people in the think text, to convince the grid people that you can help them that one technology can help securing the challenges that all the technologies are bringing. And this is why I'm saying that we need all of the technology. So batteries are needed for the grid. Hydrogen storage are needed for the grids. That's for grid stability. And then you have another issue. And I think that gradually grid people are recognizing that. Maybe not, as far as I saw, not so much in the US, but I can tell you that in Europe, and especially in Germany, for instance, in the northern Europe, the grid companies are realizing the potential that they have in storing through hydrogen. In Morocco, just this week, there was an agreement with the region of Marrakesh that got signed that some part of their renewables will be stored through hydrogen. They have one of the largest single piece photovoltaic station in the world. That's a lot of challenge for their network and they'll have storage for through hydrogen. This got signed just a couple of days ago as we're talking now. Terrific. Well, we're gonna take a quick break here and show off some of the other shows here on Think Tech Hawaii and we'll be back in 60 seconds. Hi, I'm Pete McGinnis-Mark and every Monday at one o'clock, I present Think Tech Hawaii's research in Manoa where we bring together researchers from across the campus to describe a whole series of scientifically interesting topics of interest both to Hawaii and around the world. So hopefully you can join me one o'clock Monday afternoon for Think Tech Hawaii's research in Manoa. Aloha, my name is Mark Shklav. I'm the host of Think Tech Hawaii's law across the sea. Law across the sea comes on every other Monday at 11 a.m. Please join us. I like to bring in guests that talk about all types of things that come across the sea to Hawaii, not just law, love, people, ideas, history. Please join us for Law Across the Sea, aloha. Hey, welcome back to my lunch hour. Stan the energy man here with Joelle Ray from Paris and from the bridge tank, which is a think tank out of France that helps investors and other folks kind of put it all together and look into the future and decide how they're gonna spend their money and where they're gonna help push technologies and help governments push policies that will help investors and grow economies and things like that. So welcome, I'm glad that we had a chance to snag you while you were out here in Hawaii for a few minutes, so. You got to spend a little bit of time last week, Friday, a week ago at the Oktoberfest where my organization had some portable lights and a generator up and running and some grills, actually, some barbecue stuff that runs off hydrogen. What do you think about all that? Was that okay or? We thought it was pretty cool. I thought, I enjoyed the invitation, first of all, but I thought that was a great, besides then, that it was a great occasion to showcase to people. You know, there's little systems in your hand where your hand, solar energy or wind energy that transforms into those bubbles. Right. Which is hydrogen. We had a little hydrogen. It shows that it's very simple. If it can be produced on a small table, that means everyone can produce that in your own car, in your own house, in your kitchen, maybe. So that's very important to showcase that because we think it's industrial systems, it's, you need a lot of hundreds of millions of dollars. No, you can't do that on a table. At a small scale, of course, but that was important to show that at the end of the circuit, you're back to electricity. And we all know, we've all known for the last 100 years that with electricity, you do everything. Mm-hmm. Yeah, in my office, I didn't show you when you were there, but I have a 12-volt battery and I have an old cookie container from the store, plastic container. It's got water and a little bit of sodium hydroxide to make an electrolyte.  And I put it inside the water and I connect it to the battery and I go, we're making hydrogen. And it's making a lot of hydrogen and oxygen. I can't run it for too long or I end up blowing up my office, but you can show people how fast and how easy it is to make the hydrogen in place. And I learned something, which is that when you have a gas burner out of hydrogen, I learned that thanks to you, that you don't burn yourself because the heat was up and you don't burn yourself on the side and you don't have to clean the mess after cooking and it's a try. And I love to cook, so I would want to have that. And you can even light cigars off of hydrogen. I've been told so, I've been told so. Yeah, it was actually a really fun evening. It was a good evening. You should do it again. We'll try that. They do it every year, but we'll try and be part of that all the time. Make it quarterly. That was Rachel's song. People should get a chance to see that. Okay. Did you get a chance to go over and look at the Toyota Mirai on the car? Yeah, briefly, there was one on the side and I'm happy to see that they're gonna deploy these cars on the island. And I'm told there would be some stations as well. So maybe I would have a question. There's something I'm not very clear about is how in Hawaii do you follow the California model? How will you have a Hawaiian model? I think what I've seen is that you have a potential to have a very integrated energy position here. And that's a great advantage that islands can have and developed islands. That's a good discussion to have right now because I propose that Hawaii, we actually learn a lot from California. We steal everything we can from California in hydrogen. Good. They're developing the standardized technology. That's a sign of success when you steal from people. That's a sign of their success. Well, when they say when you copy from one, it's plagiarism. When you steal from many, it's research. Exactly. We do a lot of research from California. Good. But we bring in the standards. We look at their training. We try and learn everything we can from the other states that are into, especially California, doing hydrogen. And California is pushing way ahead of most of the states. But the nice thing is that in Hawaii, we have some in-house incentives. Like we import so much fossil fuel and we don't have local fossil fuels. So it's a huge economic drain on our state to be buying oil and refining our own gasoline when we could be producing it from the sunlight, wind power, geothermal. Ocean thermal. I mean, the list goes on and on of the natural resources we have, energy resources that we have. So the challenge is, as you mentioned, getting the resources that need all the electricity to support the grid, to understand that they could also be using hydrogen as a load when they have too much power, as a storage entity when they need to store power, and as a way to put power back on the grid as a distributed generation from where it's produced, put it right back in the system instead of starting at the power plant and pushing it through substations and transformers for 20 miles where you have it stored, you use it back on your grid right there. So that's the model that we're trying to socialize here. And we think it's a good model and we think that if we can show it here in an island state that the bigger grids, the more complex grids in LA and in other states around the US, they could maybe take some of what we've learned in absorbing renewables and helping the transportation sector as well grow. So, do you... No, what you say is something very important about the kind of external dependency you have on fossil fuels. And my testimony here is that those areas in the world which are the most heavily dependent economically to fossil imports might be, in the future, the most advanced technologically speaking. You've made the point with Hawaii. This is the very same for Japan. Somehow Europe, the western part of Europe is very heavily dependent on gas imports from Russia and etc. I'm not entering geopolitics here, but it's a fact. So there could be a huge potential and these parts might be leading the technological revolution. Now, you have also leaders you wouldn't expect. Some countries in the Middle East know that the transition will happen. They know that oil is going phased out sooner or later at a point. They know that even gas at that time, natural gas at that time will no longer be considered to be clean. In California today, for instance, gas is no longer even considered to be clean. So some countries in the Middle East know that and they might become advanced players. So if we could have a piece of advice to the government of the USA and the mainland, and this is our job to give advice as we are a think tank and we are part of the G20 specific group of think tanks. It's called the Think20 that are gathering how we have working groups on investment and trade and climate change. And we produce advice to the leaders. Our advice, our contribution would be that despite the mainland US is now self-sufficient in terms of fossil energy, don't take a chance. Don't risk being delayed compared with other areas in the world where the hydrogen revolution will take place. It's already a bit of the case for the car industry in this country. So I think there's a point of observation today to be made by the current administration. I think you're right. And fossil fuels are going to be around for some time yet. It's not going to transition right now. It's going to be a long time before hydrogen is really on the forefront of anything. And we need the time. I mean, economically, we can't make enough hydrogen fuel so far as we don't have enough hydrogen stations to support entire communities with tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of hydrogen vehicles. So it'll take a while. But eventually, we'll have better uses for that oil to make durable goods, to do carbon fiber, to make the plastics, advanced plastics that we need, rather than burn it. We're burning a valuable resource. And we probably should be saving that resource for some other things rather than lighting it off. It's like burning money to me.  Where hydrogen, you put it in your car, and it turns back into water. And then you make more hydrogen. And you're just borrowing the energy from the atoms. And the beauty of it is that the beauty of hydrogen is even when you crack your oil molecules, you can have greener oil products at the end, because the hydrogen comes from green and renewables. So that's the beauty of it. I would say my taking a look at all this, my kind of main conclusion is that whatever the time hydrogen might take to really find its position and find its fitting into different systems, I think there's a higher cost not to invest now than the cost to invest. Because if you look at it, it's not very costly to invest in. You were mentioning about the battery versus hydrogen. It's true that many car makers or many investors have invested heavily in batteries. And this has brought down the cost tremendously. Of course, those investments should be reimbursed. Those investments should be profitable now. But those investments were big. Let them be profitable. The investments you need to make in hydrogen now are not that high. So there is no competition. You can still invest into the future and not neglecting hydrogen. Because the cost of being the very late people in the class at the end would be much higher. Well, let me ask you this. As long as you're not going to send me a bill from your think tank. Unfortunately, we are not for profits. Because you've been here in Hawaii and you've got a chance to look at what we have and what we're thinking of doing. And what is your impression of Hawaii's ability to actually make the transition that we're planning? Well, first of all, it's compact. These are islands. There's a clear boundary. Second of all, you have 1 million people, if I'm correct. And 700 on this island on Oahu. That's neither too big nor too small. So it's great. You already have some grids which would need expansion. So we are at the tipping point where you are thinking about bigger expansion or investment in more stabilization because you're already putting the renewable. You already have renewables of all kinds. Plus potential in geothermal. So I think it's an ideal case to do that. Now, you have several islands in the world where you could have this ideal case on paper. But Hawaii has another advantage. It's rich. So the investment you would need to do is just marginal. And I was told there used to be a plan some years ago. If I'm correct, I understood it got canceled under the subsequent. Yeah, about a decade ago. Yeah, administrations in the US. And that's why I'm thinking it's about political will. I understand there is the political will here. If the political will here has the support of actual doers like you people plus the support in DC, well, I think it can showcase for the rest of the world. I think you just said it perfectly. I've even used the words political will myself several times. And I think we can do it. Well, that takes us to the end of our show today. And I'd like to thank Joe for spending some time with us over here in the middle of his business trip to let everybody else know a bigger perspective on hydrogen for Hawaii. So thanks for being with us on Think Tech where community matters. And join us again next week, Friday. Aloha.


presented by the United States Air Forces in Europe. I'm the whistler, and I know many things, for I walk by night. I know many strange tales, hidden in the hearts of men and women who have stepped into the shadows. Here I know the nameless terrors of which they dare not speak. Tonight, transcribed, it's the whistler's strange story, Backfire. Just a moment before, the music of the little tango orchestra has seen pure magic to it, as they sat at their special table in this cast enchanting gloom of the club Madrid. Now it was discordant, and the thing that had transformed magic into misery in a split second was what Amy had said. Tossed across the table to him as if it had been a comment on the weather. I'm sorry, Carl, I don't love you. I never did. Well, Amy, what do you want? Really, darling, it isn't anything to look so serious about.  Amy, Amy, look, we just can't throw it all away. You've got to understand. Oh, what a way.  Amy, I love you. Is that naive and stupid? Of course that makes very good venting. I've had three months, three wonderful, exciting months. Arnold's coming home tomorrow and that's that. When did you find out? See you out in San Francisco this morning. Aren't you a little worried about him? Why? We've been discreet enough. The little strange man can be so brilliant and so blind all at once. You almost look as if you're delighted and telling Arnold that. I'm afraid I couldn't afford to. Naturally. I think Arnold might resent it a little if he knew his wife had become romantically interested in her chauffeur. Well, that puts me in my place quite nicely. It was meant to.  I want to talk to the orchestra leader for a moment. Well, what are you waiting for? Of course, Mrs. Pierce. Right away.  Just as it was when you first came to the Pearson house over a year ago. Long before the thrilling, unbelievable discovery that Amy was interested in you.  Well, Carl, I have an idea you'll work out quite nicely. Well, for some time now I thought we should have a short break. Mrs. Pearson becomes upset very easily, emotionally rather unstable. And when she's troubled, she has a strange habit of taking the car out and driving like the wind. Well, a lot of people do the same thing when they're working out. I suppose they do. Anyway, it seems to cool Mrs. Pearson down, quiet her nerves. I hope that with you here at your first, you'll have to find some less dangerous antidote for these explosions of hers. I know I can help. Good. Well, then it's settled, Carl. I'm going to hire you. And as far as I'm concerned, the prison record means absolutely nothing. If a man is really willing to profit by his mistake, you'll have every chance to make good. Thank you, sir.  Right where you were the day Arnold hired you fresh out of state prison. And he hadn't thought of you since. To Arnold, you were a piece of equipment. Like a lawn mower or a washing machine. Not a human being who might want something else from the world. Something with pride and dignity.  Him and his righteousness. And when Amy became interested in you, you wanted to scream in his face that if he didn't think you were somebody, his wife did. Well, that's all over now. The evenings at the club, Madrid with Amy are part of the past. She's Mrs. Pearson again.   I don't know quite how to begin, Carl. Something rather unpleasant has been called to my attention. It is. First, however, I think I ought to tell you that I've advised my lawyers about you, Carl. You'll never want for anything, even if something should happen to you. Why, that's very kind of you, sir. I had no idea. I'm happy to do it, Carl. All I ask in return is your confidence about Mrs. Pearson. Mrs. Pearson. As you know, Carl, I'm quite well-known, and the fact of the matter is, a chap from the firm spoke to me about Mrs. Pearson this afternoon. He implied she'd been seen on a number of occasions in the company of a strange man. All I said was, probably got it, sir. I hope it is just got it. Sort of upset me, that's all.  An orchestra leader? Yes. I believe he's working at the Club Madrid. That stopped you, didn't it, Carl? There was only one reason for all those evenings with Amy at the Club Madrid. Terry Larkin, the orchestra leader.  You're raging inside as you walk downstairs to the library. Amy is still there, curled up with a fireplace, with a book. Oh, what's the matter, darling? I just talked to your husband. I've seen there are rumors floating around. Well, I didn't understand. Baby blue eyes. Beautiful, innocent baby blue eyes. Why, you cheap, heartless little tramp. I'll hobby yours in it. Making a fool out of every guy you meet. I ought to do Terry Larkin a favor. I ought to go to him right now and give him the tip-off. Tell him how he's due to be tossed aside, huh? You're not going anywhere, understand? You're not going to do or say anything. Because I can talk to you. And because of a team right down to it, I'd sound a lot more convincing to Arnold, and the parole board, and everyone else. Now, if you don't mind, I'm going out for a drive. Oh, wait a minute. You know what Arnold said. Give it. When I want a chauffeur, I'll ring for one. Inside you, fighting for expression every minute of the time you're with her, driving her to secret appointments with Terry, hearing her say the same things to him she used to say to you, listening to her lie to Arnold about where she's been. It's on your mind all the time.  It comes to you quite unexpectedly one afternoon while you're having the family car lubricated, watching the attendants finish up. Well, there she is, Carl. Oh, by the way, keep an eye on that speedometer, huh? According to our records, you ran over a little this time. Oh, you mean you keep a record here? Sure, on all our customers. Marlon Drake, huh? Oh, he takes a minute to put it down, you know. It comes in handy sometimes. Yeah, sure, sure. Uh, thanks, Joe. I'll, uh... I'll keep an eye on this speedometer. It's exactly five miles to the Pearson home from the station. And there's a little figure on this speedometer dropping to place. Parts of the plan start falling into place in your mind. And by the time you arrive at the house, you've decided to do it. Arnold is alone in his study. You hate to disturb him, but you think there's something he ought to know. Carl, Carl, are you positive about this? Absolutely certain. Yes, I am. I'm terribly sorry, sir. I wouldn't mention it, but you seem so upset when you heard about it the other time. I know, I know. It's all right, Carl.  Where is Mrs. Pearson now? I think she's in the drawing room, sir. Shall I tell her you never mind? I'll have Martha call her in a minute. Well, Martha took the afternoon off. Went to a movie, of course. Well, would you tell Mrs. Pearson then? Yes, sir. Carl. Yes, sir? Thank you very much. You've been both loyal. Oh, thank you, sir. Carl, it's underway now. And if you stand alone in the study and listen, you'll realize how right Amy was when she said Arnold would explode if he knew the truth about it. You've never heard anything like this, Carl. It's more than you'd hoped for. Oh, thank you. And best of all, Carl, you weren't worried about what Amy might say about you. What she says won't matter. It's what she does that concerns you now. All that matters is that she behaves as you expected to. And she does. Exactly. The moment the quarrel is over, she rushes out of the house and hurries across the lawn to the garage for another wild ride. You have the car all turned around. Keys in the ignition. Ready for it. At the moment she's sending the big car roaring down the driveway, you're walking quietly into Arnold's study for the most important steps of all. Carl, yes. She left him a car, didn't she? I was hoping you wouldn't let her do that. Mrs. Pearson does pretty much as she chooses. Oh, wait a minute, Carl. Not only would you, Mr. Pearson, but me too. That's quite enough, Carl. You'll do well to let the matter drop right here. Forget all about it. I'll attend to my affairs and my own... Carl. Oh, what are you doing with that poke?  And it brings you down the side. Carl, wait a minute. Put it down, Carl. Carl, give up, please. Yes, Carl. He doesn't look so big you're successful or patronizing now, does he? And he didn't realize until too late that he made a fatal mistake when he put you in his will. Now you'll not only get back at him, but what did Arnold say? You'll never want for anything as long as you live. You carefully wipe the fingerprints from the poker and lay it beside the body. Then leave the study and hurry back to your little room over the garage. Yes, Carl, Amy did just as you expected, and part of the gamble is won. Now the whole plan hinges on time. Nothing but the tick of the clock on your dresser as you sit there waiting for Amy to return. Five minutes. Ten. Twenty. A half hour and still no sound of the car. Then you hear the squeal of the car. Amy cleans into the driveway and you know you've won. She pulls the car into the garage. The door slams and you hear Amy's quick footstep receding up the drive toward the house. In a half minute, you're into the garage. And those swift, sure fingers of yours are setting this pedometer back to the mileage reading it showed when you brought the car back from the service station this afternoon. Yes, that's the heart of the plan isn't it Carl? It begins to add up now. Those little black figures on this pedometer, plus the mileage record at the service station will give the police one unmistakable deadly fact that regardless of what Amy says about driving alone on the highway at the time of her husband's murder. This pedometer will show that the car had not been taken from the garage. More waiting now Carl. And then Martha coming around the corner from the bus stop back from the matinee. Brace yourself and wait. Just a minute. What's the matter? Carl, Carl I can't believe it. That awful, awful woman she killed him. I knew it would happen sooner or later that vicious temper of hers. Oh, she's a devil. Where is it? In his study on the floor. Mrs. Pearson's in her room. I don't think she heard me. She's packing, packing the things. Carl, we've got to do something. I won't go back into that house I'm afraid of her. I should have warned him I knew it wouldn't happen. Operator, give me the police. When you're planned, isn't it Carl? Martha discovering Arnold. And best of all, Amy caught in the act of packing to go away. You must have decided to do that during her wild drive. Realized it was all over with Arnold that this quire was the last one. But who will believe that story, Carl? It's so fantastic you can hardly believe it yourself. As the police car slides into the drive the two of you run out to meet it and you wisely decide to let Martha do most of the talk.  She was there when I came in and found Mr. Pearson. Carl had come home just before I did. Is that correct, Carl? Oh yes, I'd taken the car to be lubricated. Of course as soon as Martha told me I'd call headquarters. So she's up there in her room taking her time packing. Her husband's dead in the study. Well, I... Well, it does seem odd, inspector, but I... Well, Mike, take four men and cover the exits of the house. Stay here yourself until the corner arrives. All right, come on, you two. Let's go up to the house. There's a few questions I want to ask you, Mr. Pearson. All right, inspector. You've been a little foolish, don't you think? All right. All I have a right to do is I please, my own earl. The rather interesting attitude at the moment. I think you might explain what this is all about. Why, there are policemen all over the place. I was about to ask you to do some explaining. What? I haven't a thing to say. I see. Martha. Yes, inspector? You say you were out of the house. Had a movie all afternoon? Yes, sir. I just got off the bus a half hour ago and walked up to the house. Then I ran out to Carl's rooms over the garage. All right, Martha. Well, I've been having the car lubricated. It just got back a few minutes before, Martha. Then you went out with a car almost all afternoon? That's right. Carl. What did you say? I said I was out with the car all afternoon. I had it, Grace. You brought it straight home. Nothing wrong with that, is it, Mr. Spoodle? Well, I don't know what to say. Inspector, if there's any questions about the car, Inspector, if there's any question you can check the mileage on the spedometer. They keep a record of the station. That's a good idea. Well, Mrs. Gershwin? Why, of course. Yes, of course Carl's telling the truth. He was out in the car. I've been here all afternoon. It wasn't necessary. All the careful planning. The manipulation of the spedometer to destroy her alibi, the mileage record, the contrived quarrel. All of it was useless. And you stand there bewildered waiting for the inspector to speak. Well, Mrs. Gershwin, I hardly expected it to be this simple. You understand, of course, that you're under arrest for suspicion of murder. Murder? What are you talking about? Your husband. Arnold? What do you mean, murder? He's still right where you left him, Mrs. Gershwin, on the floor of his study. It's a good mission. You and he were alone here in the house at the time of the killing. Well, that's good enough for me. I think it'll be good enough for the jury. So it finally worked, Carl. And you can let down a little now. It was hard to believe, of course, the way Amy talked herself right into the trap. You try to relax alone in your room. But deep inside, there's a strange feeling that something's wrong. It hasn't over yet.  Ah, just a minute. Carl. Oh, hello, thank you. Carl, where is she? Down the head corner. Carl, you're sure you were in that car this afternoon? I told you you could check with the service. We did. You checked. You drove straight home. Past the corner of 89th and Palmer, that's the usual route, isn't it? That's true. Only one thing. The witness wasn't sure, but he thought a woman was driving. Oh, now listen, if you think Amy was out in that car, you're wrong. I ought to know. The station man backed me up. Just because some screwy witness thinks he saw that. That's all I wanted to know. What made you think you could get away with it? Pretty serious, you know. For that record of yours, you'll go up for the rest of your life in this state. Look, what are you talking about? That man you ran down at 89th and followed this afternoon died two hours ago. Once again, next week, on Once Again, the United States Air Forces in Europe presents the list of Sergeant Don Cormay speaking.


And the U.S. appeals court has temporarily restated, reinstated Texas near total ban on abortions. The Fifth Circuit's Court of Appeals agreed to a request from Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton that an injunction imposed against the law be lifted. On Wednesday, a lower court had temporarily blocked the bill for the offensive deprivation of the constitutional right to an abortion. The law bans all abortions at about six weeks of pregnancy. It gives any individual the right to sue anyone involved with providing or facilitating an abortion after a fertile cardiac activity is detected. It also makes no exception for pregnancy caused by rape or incest.


What's up everybody? Jayz here for JaspysCaseBricks.com. This helps LL pick a team number two of NT first off the line This is a random number block for the Bears Jets Packers And again, you get a piece of all these teams and You get a random number from 0-9 and the first number on the left side of the certain number dash Well, we're going by to distribute all the hits for these three teams if there is if there is any of course So any 1-0-1s go to spot 1, any null rejections go to spot 0, any non-numbered cards potentially will be randomized to the Customers in the brain. Here's the dice roll. Here's a customer name Steven and Mark and there's the numbers roll it Three and three six times. Good luck one two three four five six So boom six times Mark at the top Got a mark at the bottom. Let me go six times here now one two three four five Six, yeah, I seen that earlier Paul. It's crazy man. Finally, right two down to seven So mark you have two Steven with one mark with zero mark with four eight Steven with six mark with nine five three and seven So there you go guys. So good luck everybody Remember I got to do one more R&B that just sold out that we can do the break of Pikachu number two Jaspyscasebrace.com


During his speech at the National Defense University in Washington, D.C., Secnav Ray Mabes outlined his four priorities, people, platforms, power and partnerships. This month's focus is platforms. The number of ships and submarines and aircraft in our fleet is what gives us the capacity to provide our global presence. We have the most advanced platforms in the world, but quantity also has a quality to maintain our essential presence and all that brings platforms matter. In 2001, the Navy's fleet had 315 ships. In 2008, there were 278. Mabes said he plans to have 300 ships in the fleet by 2019. We'll bring you more on his priorities throughout the rest of the year. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Brandy Wills.


Well, Xbox streamed its 2024 partner preview this morning. The event highlighted third party announced new games and revealed new gameplay footage. It might sound like it was, you know, a pretty mundane announcement, but a lot of folks had their eyes on this in particular. Why was that? My big takeaway was everybody thought this is going to be about this, these rumors, these problems, supposed problems, uh, or this upheaval. And Microsoft's like, no, we're, we're just here to talk about all these games we have coming. We've invested a ton in third party, uh, excuse me, third party relationships and in our own first party studios, here's straight ahead our plan for Game Pass and our plan for the Xbox brand. And that plan is what it has always been, which is here a bunch of games coming. See you in a couple of months for each of these. And also we'll see you soon for another one of these. Well, we'll talk about even more games that are coming. And I think that's, that's Xbox from now on.


Welcome to this week in Longmont for November 20th, 2020. I'm your host Craig Stevens city Thanksgiving holiday schedules Longmont city government observes the Thanksgiving holiday on Thursday, November 26th and Friday, November 27th on Thursday, all city facilities will be closed on Friday All facilities will be closed except the Longmont Museum and the Longmont Recreation Center Centennial Pool and the Ice Pavilion, which will be open regular hours by reservation The Waste Diversion Center will be closed on November 28th Thursday trash Recycling and composting will be collected on Friday Longmont Museum to close temporarily due to increase COVID-19 restrictions In an effort to slow the infection rate of COVID-19 and comply with the new restrictions of the county's transition to safer-at-home level-red severe risk The Longmont Museum and Cultural Center will be closed to in-person visits until further notice beginning November 20th at 3 p.m Support local and win Longmont small businesses need your support now more than ever In addition to strengthening our local economy and helping Longmont's business community downtown Longmont Offers even more reasons to thank locally and shop small this holiday season The winter passport program is back and now is your chance to win a share of thousands of dollars in prizes New this year every winter passport entrant will be mailed a VIP shopper card in January with exclusive deals discounts and specials in January and February For more information visit downtown longmont calm library building closed services continue due to Rising COVID-19 infection rates the Longmont Public Library has closed the building to the public curbside delivery service computer reservations by appointment and all online services continue Library staff are in the building during business hours to help patrons by phone and by email for hours instructions for curbside delivery and other available services call 303 651 847 0 Make your home energy efficient Online it's time to get energy efficiency advice That doesn't require a house call with free virtual home advising from efficiency works You could find it find out how to save money and energy in one online Conversation it's safe. It's simple and it's at no cost to you Protect yourself from identity theft Join Longmont police detective Steve Desmond from 8 30 to 10 a.m. on Wednesday December 9th For a virtual workshop on how to protect your identity You'll learn about different types of identity theft and what to do if your identity is stolen as well as how to spot and prevent several types of fraud Registration is required. Please call 303 7 7 6 2 2 2 6 5 for more information This free event is hosted by the High Plains Bank in partnership with the Longmont area Chamber of Commerce Longmont the first 150 years a New book by Longmont Museum curator of history Eric Mason that commemorates the 150th anniversary of Longmont's founding is now available in the Longmont Museum gift shop at 400 quail Road Through text in nearly 300 historic photographs. It tells the stories of people who have called Longmont home Discover Longmont's origins as as the Chicago Colorado colony its development as an agricultural hub and the transition today's high tech center This comprehensive Ritual illustrated history is great for anyone interested in Longmont and St. Vrain Valley history called 303 6 5 1 8 3 7 4 for more information Corporate recreation memberships The city of Longmont's recreation corporate membership program let your company company Offer employees access to the city's recreation facilities by purchasing a recreation pass at a discount rate For more information contact Aurora black at 303 6 5 1 8 8 2 1 or or email or Aurora black at Longmont Colorado.gov This has been this week in Longmont for number 20 of 2020. Thank you for watching


Morning class. Now we've got the color strings all mixed out. I'm just going to show you how I would simply apply it to another landscape painting. The exact same prints was applied if you have anything that's a bit more complicated, a bit more detailed, but I'm just showing you this just so we can get started and get your painting. So I've just dampened the tip of the brush to start with. These are all filbert brushes. I'm going to start with that very the darkest color that we mixed. Then just grab the next one down, next one down again. Take the pigment off of the brush. Might have a bit of a glazing liquid just on the tip now just to kind of subtly blend that in. Again if you feel you've got too much paint on your brush, just use a kitchen mill to take it off. And then see how I'm working on this with the side of the brush because it's a filled but it's got that rounded edge you'll just feather it in and just squeeze it on the pure white. I'm up with a clean brush to save washing that one out. Just go over again just with a white as it gets closer to the horizon line. And here we've just got a very very simple example of a graduated sky with acrylics using the principle of color strings. If you're working at home I'll be tempted to put color you could mix them onto this palette but then put them in a stay wet palette that will give you a lot lot longer working time.  This is Wilkham from Wilkham Art School.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with a rare, not for us because we seem to have plenty of this But for most of you, this is a pretty rare case of 2020 Bowman Draft Baseball Asia edition Now it's pretty much the same except Yeah, those mojo refractors are exclusive to this case. So that's exactly what we're chasing. No paper ships except for Kirkstad, Zach Veen, Spencer Torvalson, Robert Hassel, Jason Minga's That's where it goes. It goes to a good cause I don't think this month, Vett commons and paper are going to a breast cancer group All right, big thanks to these folks who bought their spots straight up Congrats again to the winners of spots in those update breaks. All 30 teams are in. Let's roll it Let's randomize each list three and a two five times one two three four and five After five times we got Patrick All the way down to Jonathan three and a two five times for the teams one two three four and Fifth and final time after five. We've got the Pirates down to the Tigers Roar Patrick with the Pittsburgh Pirates Martin with the Rays, Henry with the Twins, Nick Stover with the Brew Crew, Alec with the Rangers, Matt Lieber with the O's, Chris Gerard with the Red Sox, Nick, Royals and Reds, David Kyle with the Braves, Mark with the White Sox, David with the Diamondbacks, Craig with the Astros, Chris with the Angels and Yankees, Martin with the Phillies, Greg with the Rockies and A's, Christopher with the Marlins, Nick, you got my Dodgers, Joseph with the Cubs, Matt with the Padres, Nick Stover with the Tribe, Tim Tyler with the Cardinals, Martin with the M's, Chris with the Nationals, Ryan with the Mets, Nick with the Giants, Brian with the Blue Jays, and Jonathan Griffin with the Detroit Tigers Let's get all this on one one sheet right here, one screen, sort by column B, alphabetically by team, and any trades, any trades. Here's the case right here. It says Bowman Draft Asia on it. So that must be the right case. All right, we're gonna pause the video when we come back. We're gonna see if there's any trades and then we'll have the break stick around, BRB. All right, welcome back folks. Trade window closed. Some trade offers were out there, but in the end, no deals were done. So the list remains the same. Here it is. Hot off the presses. Thanks for hanging with me on a Wednesday, ladies and gents. So let's pop this baby open. And after this break, we'll have a late night with Sean Jaspy and he'll break with you for another, I don't know, three to six hours. Longer if you want him to. So keep the orders coming. I think we already see 31 orders in there. So keep them coming because we could probably break almost everything on the site multiple times. And I also think that there's a 10% off Panini Absolute basketball picker teams. That deadline isn't about, if you're watching live, isn't about a little under 20 minutes. So take advantage of that before that promo goes away. Discount will automatically be applied when you add your teams into the cart.  So if you're sitting there going, boy, show, I'd really like to join a picker team break, but I wish my team was 10% cheaper. Well, you got your wish. Adam, just curious, you put up the opium so there's only eight spots left and you didn't sell out the main spots. Correct. So there's eight spots plus the, uh, plus the fillers. Oh, I see what you're saying. Yeah, we, we already accounted for those, uh, for those spots. Yeah, we already, we proactively took those spots out just so, yeah, if we try to do it on the fly, could be, could be disastrous. So these are the mojo fractures that are exclusive to this Asia set. It's not, there's Torkelson right there. All right, nice Torkelson paper for the Tigers. That's goes to Jonathan Griffin. What up? We got Evan Carter to 50. Gold Crone. That'll be for Texas. That's going to be for Alec. I'm mixing up my chrome pile and my paper pile. I'm trying to keep those separated. There's our first Zach Veen. That'll be for Greg and the Rockies. There's our first Kirkstad. And that goes to the O's, Matt Lever with the Orioles. And here's our first autograph, Ben Hernandez. Refractor autograph to 499 for the Royals. Nick Stover with Kansas City. Ed has confirmed that the 10% off works. Yeah, go and get it ladies and gentlemen. And also confirmed that promo code Joe Rocks has expired. Yes. The secret codes have expired. There's RJ Dabovich to 150 for the Giants. That goes to Nick Stover. There's Dominguez for the Yankees, Chris Girard and a paper Torkelson for Jonathan. Also FYI, there's no secret codes that don't waste your time trying to put in a bunch of different codes. There's Tigers, Jonathan Griffin. Yeah Rex, for some reason nobody wanted to, I think we only did that random team break and that's been it. But everyone wanted to do these these long leisurely breaks like this one. And the hockey breaks. Arizona, David Kyle. I was like, all right, that's the direction people want to go. That's cool.  You're going to find that secret code to get 100% off. Oh no. Yeah, there is no secret code. Just someone's going to spend hours looking for this code and they're never going to find it. They're like, Joe was right. Why did I waste hours in my life? But now, now I'm starting to think maybe I should do secret codes. Maybe I should have like, at the beginning of every day, I should be like, all right, today's word of the day is, is like, is otter pops. Right.  And if there's a break where I say, otter pops, then you know that code is active and ready to go.  It's like, when I say, when I say otter pops, at any point of any break, that activates a 50% off code. First come, first serve, 150% off code. It'll make people watch the show all day long. Swing this around here and the next four. I know someone right now is typing in otter pops to see if it works. It's not going to work. There is no 50% off code. I'm just going to say a random word like hippogriff came out of nowhere. All right, a couple of Zach Veens for Colorado. That's going to be for Greg. That's the 499 and a base paper Zach Veen as well. We should stock otter pops here. And Jackson Miller's autograph was so small, I almost missed it. Nick Stover with the red, last spot mojo. And there's Hayden Contrell, 37 out of 150. Brewer is Nick Stover. There's our first paper Robert Hassel. That'll be for the Friars, Matt Lieber with the Padres. We've got some green paper here, Garrett Mitchell to 99. I don't think these speckle cards are too common. And speckle rays will go to Martin and the brewers have, that's Nick Stover. All right, there's another couple boxes there. And here's another couple here. Colliders? What in the world is that? Oh, they give you toppings inside a towel of ice cream? Interesting. Another two boxes. Let's go. Another Zach Veen for Colorado, Greg. Spencer Torkelson paper for the Tigers, Jonathan. Spelman first. And we've got an Emerson Hancock to 499. Paper going to Martin and the Ems. There's a paper Dominguez, Casey Martin to 250. Purple chrome for the Phillies. That'll be for Martin. Dominguez paper for the Yankees, for Chris Gerard and Trey Cruz, that is, for the Tigers, Jonathan Griffin. Nice. And a Mojo Refractor, Spencer Torkelson for John Griffin and the Tigers and the Sharks Court again. Come on. Come on, Kings. But hey, look at this. Mojo, Spencer Torkelson looking pretty nice, even if the Kings defense is not. Landon Knack to 250. Purple chrome for the Dodgers. That'll be for Nick. And there's another Jackson Miller autograph for Nick and the Reds. Got a Chrome Jason Dominguez. Oh, there you go, Rex. Nice. Good luck with that. Paper Zach Veen and a green Bryce Jarvis to 99 for David Kyle and the Diamondbacks. And a Kirkstad paper Orioles at the end. There you go, Matt Lieber. All right, another two. Yeah, if you can. There's a card outside. Yeah. What's your favorite Kevin Bacon movie? My favorite Kevin Bacon movie? A Few Good Men, followed by JFK. Really? Where can I ask you to find the air up there? Where does that rank on yours? The air up there? I don't even remember that movie. You don't remember the air up there? No. He's a small town college basketball coach recruiting that goes to Africa. Oh my god. Yes, I remember that movie. To recruit. The phenom and he has to, he has to. And then he learns life lessons and stuff like that. Yeah, he has to teach the kid's dad or like he has to get the dad's trust to get him to let him come to America to play basketball. Let me actually change that. There's no reason I thought about that movie with no way in. Why in the world do we think about that movie? I don't know. I was like, I now I need to watch that. Robert, Robert Runkle loves that movie. It's such a good movie. All right. So I'm going to slide these boxes over to Sean. He's going to help rip some of these packs open, which will make life easier for all of us. Yeah, my motor, my motor is probably, it's all sorts of these longer kind of breaks. Kind of got me. I'm running out of steam. We're going to save it up for heritage. Big hit express. I mean, when's heritage? Oh dear. Tristan tribute? No, it's heritage. Oh, it's heritage. That's heritage, baby. Hopefully. Yeah. Yeah. Everyone's like, oh no. I mean, it's not archives. You know what I mean? It's not Ginter. Yeah, it's definitely not Ginter. Like, I feel like archives is harder because of the short prints. You know what I mean? Heritage works prints too. Yeah, but the short prints on that are like, it says it on the back. You know what I mean? That's true. Like the French text and yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay. That's true. That's true. Actually, when they did that, that made heritage so much easier. Yeah. They better not have dropped out this year. We will riot in the streets. We'll riot. What do you mean, Adam? Heritage is great. Love that stuff. Those red ink, auto, oh. I would like it too if it was half the size. Oh yeah. The short prints do go for a lot of money though. Oh, that's the thing. Those action short print rookies? That's true. And that's the one with the no names and the color swaps. Actually, heritage is kind of fun. Heritage is super cool. That's why I love, I'm a high number man, you know what I mean? Casey Schmidt for the Giants. For sorting. Yeah, for sorting. It's a lot. It's terrible for sorting. It's a lot. Bowman. That's, Bowman's going to be crazy. That's going to be so dumb. I already got my orders in. Oh, man. Adam, you want to come help sort some heritage? Pete Cromstrom to $4.99. Metz. Mark Vientos to $99. Also for the Metz, both of those will go to Ryan, Ryan C. And Werner Blakely. Blue wave autograph for the Halos. Kind of hope that he goes by Werner instead of Werner. Yeah, like Werner Herzog? Yeah. Chris Gerard with the Angels. Werner Herzog is a director. You live in New York, so that works with, yeah, I'll buy you, there's a habit burger across the street. There's a Chipotle. There's some nice restaurants in Hermosa Beach. Yeah, I'll buy you a steak at Barron's. They actually have a fried chicken special this week. Oh man. I got to look it up actually. I'm going to look that up after I'm done with the package. Jason Minga's paper, but yeah, you can get some free lunch out of us.  There's a Mojo Kerkstad, a Chrome Dominguez, Matt Lieber with the Mojo Kerkstad, Heston Kerkstad. No, I'm good for now. Thank you. What are you, what are you, his agent? Get out of here. I'm to go chatting with them here. Travel time, not included. Ed's trying to be like break credit is greater than lunch. He's like, whoa, whoa, whoa. What are you, his agent? You getting 10% off this? I was going to get away with having him sort case of heritage for like a murder. I don't know what the weather is where you're in New York, but here in Hermosa, pretty nice. If you haven't visited, you got to visit. Each tax a box, I'm assuming? Yeah. Oh, Sean, Rex is in a absolute basketball break tonight. You got to, you have to pull him the case hit apparently. What's the case hit? The glass. Some of those glass, those etched glass cards. Yeah, those are all redemptions. I didn't see one. I think they're one per case. Pretty sure they are. Do they grayed out? Well, they're, they put them in, they put them in in case, they put them in cases. They people, so take them, people take them out of the one touch and then wow. It's glass. Yeah. 12 out of 50. Keith Colt, Detroit, nice gold autograph for Jonathan. I've heard of that guy. Yeah, we may as well. There's the gold. Let's go, Kings. Spencer Torkelson. Whoa, whoa, whoa. This is a family show here. Sean, easy. Wow. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Just stop digging. Just walk away. Before we get canceled. There's Daniel 33 out of 50. Yeah, I'm surprised people are, yeah, Adam's saying it sounds like it's a bad idea to, to send that in for grading because it's, you know, glass. I mean, it's in case people saw them and buy them on eBay. Wait, wouldn't you have to take it out of the case to get it graded? Well, yeah. So you don't, you have to do that before you send it in? Well, that's the thing though, is you can do, you can send it as is and they'll just charge you to cut it out. Oh, word, word, word. Gotcha, gotcha, gotcha. You know, the card savers that you send that you submit in? Yeah.  So it's not like you're sending it in a card saver. Right. So you're just saying, hey, you guys pop it out of the case and you guys grade it. Gotcha.  They don't want it rattling around inside a, inside a hobby box, I guess. Now, I'll bet it weighs differently. So maybe they, they didn't want to put a bunch of fillers in boxes. So I could see, I could see that as well. Another Hesse and Kirkstad mojo refractor Matt Lever, it's pretty nice. I think if you bubble wrap it carefully enough, the glass should be okay. And is Isaiah Green 99? It's for the Mets, Ryan. What doorman in the back of a, back of a show, back of a performance theater is going to look at a Toyota Sienna minivan and be like, you know what, those guys must be VIP. I mean, what are they, what are they going to? Like a, like a Muppets show? You're not fooling anybody. There's Jesse Franklin V. The fifth, is that real? There are four other Jesse Franklins? I, it's crazy. Or maybe it's just V. It goes to the Braves. That'll be for David Kyle. And there's Alaric Soler to 499 refractor autograph for Henry Benson and the twins.  I'm a, I'm a, I'm a one, one big sneeze. Do one, one big sneeze. Sean, what's your take on Dave Matthews band? Oh, they're great. Weezer. Awesome. And Foo Fighters. Great. Primus also. Everyone loves Foo Fighters. Primus is great too. No one's confusing Primus with Foo Fighters and weezing. Hold on. And Dave Matthews though. Are you saying Dave Matthews is not good? Yeah, they're overrated. And they're, they're good, but they're overrated. We're not saying like rating them. I'm just saying I personally don't, they're not my bag. They're not my bag. Listen, I've heard you sing Miley Cyrus. Yeah, she's great. See? Man, he's incredible. What are you talking about? Party in the USA? And a Jay-Z song was on. And a Jay-Z song was on. Jack Johnson's weak sauce. Weak sauce? But, but a Jay-Z song was on. And a Jay-Z song was on. Miley, greater than symbol Jack Johnson. Whoa, whoa, whoa. You say simple Jack? Yeah, simple Jay. Yeah, sure. I'll say simple Jack Johnson. We're simple Jacks from Pablo Thunder. I don't actually. I do not. Paper Torkelson and a Paper Robert Hassel for the Padres. There's Brady McConn to 99. Prime is so good. Rex is saying there's Avi Warren. Les Claypool, the greatest bass player in history? That might be right. I don't know. I think I hear Flea calling on the phone to say something about that. Ring, ring, ring, ring. Les Claypool. I feel like Flea would even give Les Claypool the... Yeah, because Flea's a classy guy. He's supposed to say that. That's okay though. Fairfax High. Brewer's next over. Of course, he'd say that. He'd say I take... I learned from him or something like that. You know? It's just a one-to-one, right? Correct. All right, there's Jordan Walker to 250. Chrome Robert Hassel. And a Robert Hassel autograph. Nice. 28 out of 250. So we've got some color in here too. Purple Chrome. Robert Hassel auto for Matt Lieber. Getting the number eight overall pick for the Padres. They have a pretty incredible infield. Robert Hassel could be part of their outfield future. He was so underratedly, like, lowly drafted. He should have been top. Robert Hassel? Yeah. He was a top 10 pick. No. He was number eight overall. Was he? Yes. Well, that's what the back of the card says. He was lower. You think he should have been top five? Probably top two. Top two? But I think Baltimore was going based on future needs. Which is everywhere. All right. Almost there. Stay on target. Stay on target. Usual suspects? Kaiser-Sose! Yeah, I made a reference to Kaiser-Sose the other night. Yeah? And? We were calling Demetri Kaiser-Sose in the chat over this. Why? Because somebody was like, man, I'd love to meet this Victor, this Demetri guy someday. Obviously, he's like username is Jim. Oh, it's like, he's in the chat and people are like, man, who is this Demetri guy? And I was like, he's actually like Kaiser-Sose. His identity is secret. You'll never know who he is. All right. Here's a quick recap, folks. That Robert Hassel autograph was nice. We got a Mojo Dominguez for the Yankees. That's for Chris Gerard. That's the picture. A couple Kirkstad Mojos. Remember in the Asia edition, the Mojo refractors are the exclusives. Some nice autos, too. Some Dominguez's, the Torkelsen Mojo. A lot of gradable stuff here. A lot of fun stuff and a ton of stuff that we're going to sleeve and top load for you, too. That was 2020 Bowman Draft Baseball, 12 box, Ram Team Break number six, Asia edition. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Welcome to yet another session of our NPTEL on nonlinear and adaptive control. I am Srikanth Sukumar from Systems and Control IIT Bombay. So we are well into the eighth week of our course on nonlinear and adaptive control and I think it's evident to all of us that we are now in a very good position to be able to design control algorithms that drive autonomous systems such as the SpaceX satellite that you see in the background. We have looked at several different sort of adaptive control designs by now and I think all of you have gotten a very good hang of how we are going about these designs. In the last couple of lectures specifically, we were sort of looking at this vector version of the adaptive integrator back stepping design and this is a rather powerful method if you may as you can see and the idea here is that you can use the over parameterization in order to compensate for the fact that the unknowns are unmatched with the control dynamics. So this is what I would say is a rather strong positive of this adaptive control method. So we looked at this in some detail in the past two lectures and so this is of course something that's rather good. We also showed how to construct the adaptive laws. We also showed most importantly how the second level Lyapunov function is in fact constructed. So that essentially was this guy. So I mean I really hope that all of you got a very good feel for design of adaptive controls for vector systems. We have looked a lot at the scalar case but of course we also want to look at the vector cases carefully. The vector case of course is different only in the sense that the Lyapunov function now contains norms and norm squares instead of the typical scalar square quantities. And of course we had to do a little bit of careful bookkeeping in order to approve these nice properties. So that's really I mean I would really say that the differences are rather minor and it's not a significant novelty in terms of the design method or anything. In fact at every stage you can find a parallel with the scalar method. We of course pointed out the big issue and that is the requirement for in this case two parameters, two estimates to identify the same parameter theta. And we certainly want to get rid of this issue. And this is where the extended matching design method comes in. So I'm going to mark the lecture here. We talked a little bit about the extended matching design and the fact that we are starting again with the scalar case system just like before. But still I want to mark the lecture right here just for the purpose of making a new beginning on a new page. That's all. So if you look at the system like we said it is still the single integrator system amalgamated with a control in the next stage. And that's really the idea here. And we of course want to do an extended matching design which means it but it doesn't mean anything. It's just a name. The idea here is that we do not want to go over parametrize. So let's look at what is the desired ideal control here. If you remember alpha one that is the desired ideal control is not different from the week seven. Because if you look at week seven the unknown case if you see the desired on the XD is still something like this. And that's essentially what we will have here too. I mean you just different phi instead of an F but otherwise it's the same. We don't know the parameter therefore we replace it with an estimate multiplied by the phi. And then we cancel the sorry we introduce a good term in the X one. So this is actually equal to X two desired in our notation. And this is actually equal to X two desired in our notation. Now we of course just redefine states. We call the first state as X one, Z one equal to X one and Z two is just the back stepping error again. Why? Because X two is not really the control so X two cannot really be equal to X two desired. So we do the next best thing we try to make X two to chase the X two desired. And we of course define theta tilde as theta minus theta hat as we do in all adaptive control problems. So in the new states we write the dynamics in the new states of course. So the Z one is just X one. So Z one dot is just X one dot and that is X two plus theta phi X one right. And X two can be written as Z two plus alpha one. So if I do that I'm going to carefully rewrite these things. So this is I'm going to write a few intermediate steps. This is equal to Z two plus alpha plus theta phi X one. And I'm going to replace alpha as Z two minus theta cap phi X one which is the same as Z one minus C one X one which is the same as Z one. And then I have plus theta phi Z one right. Now these two of course combined to give me theta tilde phi X one or Z one. It doesn't matter. Then I have minus C one Z one and the Z two here. Okay. That's it. And Z two dot is X two dot minus alpha one dot which is X two dot is just the control and alpha one dot has two pieces because alpha one is a function of X one or Z one and theta cap. So this is del alpha one del X one times X one dot which is what we plug in from here and del alpha one del theta cap right times a theta cap dot. So we have not yet specified what this theta cap dot is. Okay. So we're not going to specify it now. Right.  So we have the dynamics in the new variables Z one and Z two. The important thing to note is that theta cap dot is not yet assigned. Yeah. Now what we do is seeing the earlier version what we were doing was we had as soon as we wrote a Z one dot or an X one dot in the earlier version. Right. We immediately defined a V one with the theta tilde and we came up with an update law with the theta cap. Yeah. So why we did this is because this is how we sort of understand back stepping right the handle the first state first all aspects of the first day. So what we did was we defined the Lyapunov candidate V one which ensure that the first state was negative semi-definite ensure that the derivative of the Lyapunov function along the first state was negative definite or semi-definite at least and then move on to the next day. We were essentially completely inspired by how back stepping is that if you deal with the first state then you go to the next and so on and so forth. But now we sort of control each you know to do handle everything for the first state. Yeah. So we do we do not define the theta cap dot we do not define it even at all. Yeah. So the important thing is that theta cap dot is not assigned V one is not defined. Unlike in week seven unlike in V seven V one is not defined. Right. And because V one is not defined theta cap dot is also not assigned. Right. And what do we do instead? Like I said we control our itch and we defined a combined Lyapunov function now. Yeah. And what is that? The same simple idea. I took the Z one squared then I take the Z two squared and I just have one theta tilde squared over two gamma appearing. Okay. No longer a second estimate and all that because I did not even create a first estimate did not create a first V one. Right. So I just am going to end up with the final me and just one estimate. Yeah. At least that's my hope. And now I of course nicely take the derivatives. Right. And you know, see if I can define a theta cap dot. Okay. So I have Z one Z one dot, which is this Z two and the Z two dot, which is this Z two dot is just X two dot minus alpha one dot, which is del alpha one del X one X one dot, which is the same as this. And del alpha one del theta cap theta cap dot. So you see there is already another theta cap dot here. But the good thing is that theta cap dot is in fact known quantity. Right. I mean, in the sense that I as a user, I'm going to specify it. So even if it appears in my V dot, it's not a big deal. Okay. Even if theta cap dot appears in my V dot, this is not going to be a big concern at all. Okay. So this is the idea. This is what sort of helps me. Right. So of course we have the last term, which is a usual term theta, tilde, theta cap dot over a gamma in V dot. Great.  Right. And then there's a term. I mean, then I can club this term with the Z two, right, which is you plus a Z one from here. And then all the terms which do not contain a theta, tilde, right. So I take you, of course, Z one, of course, then I have these two guys. Yeah. And then I have this guy because remember theta cap dot cannot contain theta tilde. Right. If it does, then you have a problem, right? Because theta tilde is unknown. And if your parameter update law, theta hat dot contains the unknown, then you've not designed an adaptive controller at all. You just designed a controller. Okay. So, so you taken in the Z two term all the quantities which do not have a theta tilde in them. So this is the only thing that gets left out. Everything else remains. Yeah. And then this guy comes from here. So that's what is the term here. And then I club the terms in theta tilde separately. So that's one term. Then this term gets combined. Right. So that is this guy here. Right. And then I also get a term here. Right. Remember, I also get a term from the first state. Right. And that appears here. Right. The term from the second state appears here. And then, of course, this term in the unknown quantity. Now something really nice and neat has happened. Right. I mean, if you look at these terms already have a nice negative quadratic in Z one in the first state. And in the second state, I have the control. So I can introduce a quadratic by canceling all these quantities because none of it depends on the unknown.  Right. And the third term is an uncertain order. You know, I mean, it's not a sign definite term. I really do not know what kind of sign it will have. Right. So I'm not, you know, concerned myself about trying to make it negative definite and things like that. Right. So all I will do is I'll simply try to push it to zero. And this is what he ways are goal in typical non linear control. Right. Whichever terms you see are not sign definite. You will usually try to push them to see. Right. So that's the idea. So that's what I do. I use my theta cap dot in order to cancel these terms. And that's what I get. Now, if you look at this very carefully, this term, right, so it has two terms in it earlier. You had two separate estimates. And the first estimate contained gamma X1 FX1 as the first update law had gamma X1 FX1 notice. And that's here, gamma X1 FX1 just in different notation. The second update law that is the mu hat dot. Right. Contained, you know, something a little bit more complicated, which is the z term, if you may. Right. This is the z to the way of you define. So it's a sigma z to F times some this quantity times this quantity. So if you look at this guy, you have z to times a gamma times this quantity. Right. It is actually the same quantity. Right. Yeah. It's just that there is, you know, there seemingly is an additional, you know, piece here, which is the K1 term, which we don't have. Yeah. Which we don't seem to have here. Right. Yeah. Which looks like we don't have this K1 term. Right. And I'm just trying to look at why we get the K1 term. And that comes from the control here. And that comes in from. Yeah. I think that comes in from somehow this X2 desired dot term. All right. That somehow comes in from the X2 desired dot term. And I believe that the, I believe if I look at it carefully, this term is exactly the same as what we have earlier. Okay. This term is exactly the same because if I look at what was alpha one here. So let me look at what was alpha one here. Now, let me try to evaluate in that sense. Alpha one was this guy. Okay. Alpha one was exactly this guy. Okay. So I can mark this as my alpha one. Right. So I'll write it as such. So in the, in week seven, alpha one was actually minus K1 X1 minus theta hat of X1 minus theta hat FX one. So what I will do is I will try to evaluate as we already have seen that the first term is identical. So I want to evaluate the second term. Yeah. To show that this is also identical to the second update law. We saw that the first term was identical to the first update law. And what I want to do is to show that the second term is identical to the second update law. Right. So let me compute del alpha one del X1. And that's minus K1 minus theta cap del F del X1. Right. So this term becomes gamma Z1 Phi X1 plus or minus Z2. So the RF is actually equal to Phi. Remember. So I'm going to write this as Phi. You have to use Phi instead of an F. That's okay. Minus Z2 K1 plus theta cap del Phi del X1 times Phi X1. Yeah. That's what would be what you would get for the week seven type control. And if you look at the second update law, that was the mu hat dot, it's the same. Right. It's sigma some gain, which is gamma in our case. Right. It's the same. You have gamma. Wait a second. I will remove this. And you have the same. You have the gamma. Then you have the Z2, which is this guy Z2. And then you have exactly Phi FX1, which is the Phi X1. Then you have K1 plus theta cap del Phi del X1 K1 plus theta cap del Phi del X1. So this is exactly the same. Right. So not worry about the signages so much. But what you see is you have exactly the same term as the second update. Right. So that's really the idea of what has happened. By not choosing a V1 and the theta cap dot in the first step is that we have obtained the theta cap dot, which is essentially just an addition of the two update laws. Right. Then we had two parameter estimates and two update laws. So we have essentially obtained the same, you know, two update laws added together for theta cap dot in this case. Yeah. So this is rather cool. Yeah. We didn't have to, you know, actually design two different estimates. Yeah. And it almost seemed like a posteriori. Once I look at this, it seems like it's almost just a, you know, I mean, why did we even do the previous method is what you think. All right.  And this goes to zero. So I have a nice negative definite negative semi definite V dot, just like you expect in all adaptive control. And from standard signal chasing arguments, what you can show is that Z1, that is X1 goes to zero and Z2, that's the backstipping error actually goes to zero. And if you remember, what is alpha one? Alpha one is again, this guy, I mean, this guy, theta hat phi X1 minus C1 X1. So this is X2 minus theta hat phi X1 minus C1 X1. Right. Let me see. Yeah. Goes to zero. Right. Now I already know that X1 is going to zero. Now, if I also assume that phi zero is zero, that is when X1 goes to zero, this quantity becomes zero. Then this guy will also go to zero. And therefore you will be able to claim that X2 goes to zero as T goes to infinity. And that's essentially what you want. You want all the states to go to zero. Yeah. Again, we are looking at the stabilization problem. The tracking problem would have been no different. Yeah. But so in this case, we are concerned with the states X1 and X2 actually going to zero. And then you obtain that. That's essentially what you wanted. And that's essentially what you obtain. Okay. So this is sort of the extended matching method. And the idea is rather simple. You avoid designing the first level parameter estimate and the first level candidate Lyapunov function and you simply go to the next step and directly design a complete system Lyapunov candidate function. And this actually helps you with, you know, removing one of the parameter estimates. And you also find that structurally, the parameter estimate that you get is identity is, I mean, parameter update law that you get is essentially contains the sum of the two parameter update laws from last time. All right. So that's sort of, you know, something cool. So this is the sort of closed loop dynamics you would get if you actually plug in everything and put everything in place. Yeah, this is the sort of closed loop dynamics you would get. Now, one of the issues that you have is that basically you, when you look at the control law, right here, the control law is not appearing. So if you look at the control law here, you can see that there is a theta cap dot which appears. Now this theta cap dot appears because the unknown parameter is one step above the control. Right. Now, it's not difficult to see just by looking at the pattern that if the control appears at two steps below the unknown parameter, then a theta cap double dot will appear and so on and so forth. Okay. And usually, you know, I mean, it is not considered very healthy to have derivatives of quantities and these can lead to amplification of noise. Right. So you notice that this does not happen in the week seven method, right? In the week seven method, there is no theta cap dot that appears in the control law. And this is a good thing in the non-extended case. But in the extended case, this extended matching design, this is a problem. Okay. So it's not exactly apples to apples. There is a slight difference that the control law, which sort of gets hidden in the closed loop dynamics contains the theta cap dot which can lead to problems in implementation. Yeah. And these, as you go to control, which is lower and lower below the unknown parameter in the dynamics, then the theta cap double dot triple dot and multiple derivatives and higher and higher derivatives of theta cap will start to appear. All right. So, I mean, keep this in mind. Yeah. This is a sort of nice exercise. Anyway, I mean, I recommend that you do this is an aerodynamic model for a wing that you want to try to use the typical integrator backstipping and also the extended matching method in order to do a stabilization of this model. Yeah. That's the idea. So this is the reference for this set of lectures and very, very useful. So I strongly recommend that you look at these notes. Yeah. So anyway, so what did we do this time in this set of lectures today? Is that we looked at the extended matching design method, right? And what the extended matching design method does is to sort of reduce the number of parameters that you're trying to estimate. So you are still have just one estimate for one parameter or one set of parameters. So you do not have a larger number of estimates than the number of parameters. The problem we see that we end up with is that you find higher derivatives of the update law, which may or may not be convenient in implementation because of noise issues, et cetera, et cetera. All right. So keep this in mind so nothing is free, right? So we hid some issues in the control law itself. Yeah. But other than that, yes, we reduce the number of states in the controller. And this is, of course, a significant advantage when you're looking at implementations. All right. Great. So this is where we'll stop now. We'll continue in the subsequent session. Thank you.