This is the Crossfire Fast Attack Vehicle and Driver Rumbler. This vehicle and figure set were available in 1987 only. They were discontinued for 1988. The Crossfire is a radio controlled vehicle. The only one in the GI Joe toy line. There were other vehicles that were motorized but not radio controlled. You might see the radio controlled feature as a gimmick. This is not a licensed toy. This is an official GI Joe vehicle in the main GI Joe toy line. But is it really compatible with the rest of the line? We are going to take a closer look at Rumbler later but I'm going to set him aside for now so we can look at the Crossfire. The Crossfire was manufactured by Niko, a Japanese radio controlled car company. Kirk Boziggian and Greg Bernstein flew to Japan to arrange for the production of the GI Joe RC vehicle. They were shown the chassis that would fit their price point and they designed the shell to go on top of it. Guy Cassaday was the GI Joe vehicle designer who did a rough sketch of the Crossfire. He noted that the vehicle set too low so it would bottom out on rough terrain. We will test that out. On the TV commercial they are careful to only show the Crossfire driving over smooth surfaces. Even though it looks like it's driving over hills and rocks, they're actually pretty smooth so it doesn't bottom out. The blueprints specifically say to avoid driving through sand or water. The Crossfire design is very similar to other Niko radio controlled cars at the time such as the Thunder Eagle. The radio control is supposed to have a 70 foot range and there's a variation. Some of the Crossfire cars are marked with this Delta 49 while others are marked with this Alpha 27. The Crossfire is different from most RC cars at the time in that the Crossfire can hold an action figure driver. Like I said, this is not just a GI Joe licensed toy. This is an official GI Joe vehicle with an official GI Joe action figure that is supposed to be compatible with the rest of the line. The Crossfire is like a beefed up version of the 1985 awe striker. The design is similar but of course the Crossfire is much bigger and it drives on its own. The green and orange color scheme is similar to the 1986 Havoc. The orange is a bit obnoxious but this was 1987 so GI Joe hadn't gone full neon yet. It was only half neon. I don't have a physical copy of the Crossfire's blueprints but I do have this warranty that came with it. This 90 day limited warranty on GI Joe Crossfire vehicle long expired but it does warn that this warranty is void if vehicle has been damaged by accident or unreasonable use, neglect, misuse, abuse, improper service or other causes not arising out of defects in the vehicle's materials or workmanship thereon. Let's take a look at the parts and the features of the Crossfire. Even though I don't have a physical copy of the blueprints, I am using the blueprints for some of the descriptions of the features. I will point out though that there is a typo on the blueprints. Number 15 is shown twice and there is no number one. So I'm interpreting that the way I think it should go. In the front we have this black bumper. It's very wide. It goes in front of both front wheels and attached to that we have these molded in headlights also in black plastic. That's all one piece. The blueprints call these breakthrough xenon headlamps. The plastic bumper is called a desert spec ground effects airfoil. Interesting that it is a desert spec airfoil when the Crossfire is not colored for a desert environment. The front wheels have black rubber air filled tires with bridge stone stamped on the side. They are on white hubs. On the underside there is this white switch and that is for front wheel alignment. So you can adjust the alignment on those and of course they will steer with the help of the radio control. Those front wheels are attached to independent spring suspensions. So we've got some shock absorbers for those front wheels. The body is in green plastic. It's a light green but it'll still pass as an army vehicle. Even though this is similar to an existing Niko radio control car, it has a lot of details you would expect to see on a real GI Joe vehicle. I would credit Guy Cassidy for adding those details. There is a Delta 49 sticker on the nose and as already mentioned, there is the variant for the Alpha 27. They are also color coded. The Alpha 27 is red and the Delta 49 is blue. Other than the Alpha and Delta stickers on the front and the sides, the other stickers appear to be the same. There are two side mounted machine guns, one on each side. They will pivot a little more than 180 degrees. The blueprints call these spinner side mounted auto load 9mm cannons. There is a running board on each side and they have a texture pattern and each one has a foot peg. So you can peg an action figure on to ride on the outside. The running board on the starboard side is a bit smaller to make room for the recharging port and the on off switch. It has asymmetrical stickers on the side. It has a larger Delta 49 on the port side and a smaller Delta 49 on the starboard side. Again to make room for that recharging port and the on off switch. This is a recharging port. If you're using rechargeable batteries, which I am not. As far as I can tell the crossfire did not come with a cable for this, you would have to supply it yourself from your own rechargeable battery kit. The power switch has two positions on for when the vehicle is in use and off for when the vehicle is not in use to conserve battery power. The Delta 49 variant has a black switch and the Alpha 27 variant has a red switch. Around the cockpit there is a black armored windscreen with very thin viewing slots. The cockpit has a molded in seat at a center control panel and a couple joysticks on the side. No steering wheel. It also has this orange piece with hooks that go over the action figure's shoulders to hold the figure in. To put the figure in you need to bend his knees and you do have to kind of wrestle him in there but once he is in with those hooks over his shoulders he will not easily fall out. There are some molded in vents on the sides above the back wheels and there is a radio receiver antenna on the port side with a clear plastic sleeve to protect it. There should be a red triangle RC flag on the antenna that's missing on my Delta 49 variant but I do have it on my Alpha 27 version. At the back there is a spoiler still molded in that green plastic and on each side of the spoiler there is a peg so you can peg one missile on each side. The crossfire includes two of these orange missiles that peg onto the vehicles with these dumbbell shaped slots very much like traditional GI Joe missiles. Again suggesting this is supposed to be a real GI Joe vehicle. The blueprints call these Livewire SAM 19 missiles. SAM means they are surface to air missiles but they are mounted like surface to surface missiles. There is a large machine gun mounted at the center of the spoiler the whole assembly is orange there is the machine gun itself the mount and these hard sights which is a separate piece and a frequently missing part. The blueprints call these Pumper twin 20 millimeter cannons there are two large barrels and lots of technical detail it has the two sights and four grips so I guess two figures can operate this at the same time. The machine gun can elevate and rotate 360 degrees so very good range of motion on that machine gun. I just noticed the tips of those barrels are hollow so they will sort of take blast effects even though they're not really made for that they will sort of work with it. At the very back we have this black platform with a texture pattern and two foot pegs so again you can peg an action figure on the back to ride along I guess you could put two figures on there but I would suggest just one because those pegs are pretty close together and the guy riding on the back can operate that huge machine gun. Finally we get to the back wheels the back wheels have black rubber air filled tires with studded treads all over them like the front wheels they are on white hubs it looks like the motor is directly above the axle for the rear wheels and there is a spring suspension system for this whole rear assembly next to that motor there is a white switch and this is for two different speed modes for the left it is in power speed mode and to the right it is in high speed mode the underside of the crossfire is in black plastic and we have the battery compartment there is this white latch which you can turn to the side to open it up the battery lid is hinged so you won't lose that part that's nice and it takes six double a batteries. Finally we get to the controller the controller is in black plastic it has a long wire antenna with a white tip on it the sides are textured so it won't slip out of your hand there is a sticker indicating if it is the delta 49 or alpha 27 controller this is the delta 49 on the back there is a removable battery cover and it takes a nine volt battery to operate there are two control sticks on the radio controller the one on the right moves from side to side so that controls the turning so push it to the right to turn right push it to the left to turn left and it will automatically re-center when you release it the control stick on the left will move forward and backward so that will control the forward and reverse movement of the vehicle so you push it forward to move forward you push it back to move back and like the other one it will center when you release it I am outside to test out the crossfire we had some bad weather lately so I've been waiting for the ground to thaw so I could do this finally we have good weather conditions so let's see if this thing actually runs I want to test it on smooth a smooth surface and on rougher terrain I also want to test it in power speed mode and high speed mode so let's see if we can get this thing going and see how it does okay this is in power speed mode so this is supposed to be the lower speed and we're on a smooth surface so let's check this out in a rough terrain to start with but it is bottoming out so let's let's try this again so now we are still in power speed mode so I'm going to now try to drive it over the grass this is not the roughest terrain but if it can't make it over the grass then it's not going to make it over anything rougher than that so let's give it a shot ready go yeah that's exactly what I thought and so guy cast today is right the thing is set too low to ride over rough terrain it's really got to be on a pretty smooth surface that was in power speed mode now let's switch it to high speed mode and see if we can tell the difference there we go I'm going to do this on a smooth surface because as we saw there's no point in trying this on a rough surface even short grass is too rough a surface for this thing to go high speed mode that was the crossfire in power speed mode and high speed mode I did notice it went faster in high speed mode but it does set too low to go over rough terrain even short grass is too tall for this thing to ride over so it works well but it does need to be on a pretty smooth surface now let's look at rumbler his name is similar to the transformer decepticon rumble but no relation I'm sure the prototype code names for this figure included motor face downshift overdrive long gone and scrambler the scrambler code name was used through pre-production but didn't make it to the final production figure rumbler was only available with the crossfire he was not sold separately during the original run rumbler is made entirely of reused parts from earlier action figures this figure was made about as cheaply as possible but it's now considered a rare figure so it's expensive and difficult to find on the secondary market rumbler was repackaged and sold at the 1993 gi joe convention but was misnamed footloose he was packaged with 1989 recoils accessories let's look at the accessories that came with the original rumbler starting with his weapon he has this submachine gun in light gray plastic with this hanging strap that strap is a little bit delicate I do not put this in the figure's hand this is a reissue of the submachine gun that originally came with 1985 heavy metal the strap is broken on my heavy metal submachine gun but that is the same submachine gun and a different color plastic the next and only other accessory is the helmet the helmet is in brown plastic it is a reissue of the helmet that originally came with 1985 crankcase in gray plastic same helmet just a different color there was another brown crankcase helmet packaged in battle gear accessory pack number five in fact it may be the same helmet as the accessory pack let's take a look at rumbler's articulation even though he was made up of reused action figure parts he had the articulation that was standard for gi joe figures in 1987 so he could turn his head from left to right and look up and down he could swing his arm up at the shoulder and swivel at the shoulder all the way around he could bend his arm at the elbow about 90 degrees he could swivel his arm at the bicep all the way around this was an o-ring figure meaning the figure was held together with a rubber o-ring that looped around the inside so he could move at the torso a bit he could move his legs apart about so far he could bend his leg at the hip about 90 degrees and bend at the knee about 90 degrees let's take a look at the sculpt design and color of rumbler and here's where you may have deja vu because there is nothing new on this action figure on his head he has sandy blonde hair and a sandy blonde mustache and eyebrows and sandy blonde eyes they didn't even bother to put his eyes in a different color than his hair this head was originally used on 1985 footloose on his chest he has an open jacket over a gray open collar zipper shirt it looks like he has a white undershirt under that on that jacket he has a triangle patch and a pocket on the left side he has an unpainted pistol and holster with an unpainted strap that goes across the chest and over the right shoulder an unpainted strap that goes over the left shoulder and those straps meet in the back this chest and back piece were originally used on 1985 heavy metal but on heavy metal those unpainted details are painted and they look much better the arms feature long brown jacket sleeves there's a pocket of some kind on the upper left sleeve and he has green gloves again this is a reuse of the arms from heavy metal his waist piece is in tan plastic with an unpainted belt with unpainted pouches on the side and back pockets and a silver belt buckle this waste piece is a reuse of the part from 1985 bazooka but of course bazooka has more paint his legs feature tan trousers with large pockets on each of the upper legs he has green boots with some straps around them not a lot of detail on those legs these legs once again are a reuse of parts from bazooka for once he does not have less paint than the original let's take a look at rumbler's file card yes he did have a real gijo file card it has his factionist gijo it has a portrait of rumbler here taken from the artwork on the vehicle box his codename is rumbler he is the rc crossfire driver his filename is earl bob swilly his primary military specialty is fast attack vehicle driver secondary military specialty is armorer small arms i don't think his arms are that small his birthplace is rayford north carolina and his grade is e4 this hot paragraph says rumbler's future as a revenue agent was cut short by his propensity toward high speed car chases through the piney woods in pursuit of moonshiners and tax stamp dodgers after totaling seven government vehicles it was thought to be in the national interest for rumbler to transfer to a branch of service equipped with sturdier vehicles and dedicated to the pursuit of individuals and organizations less inclined to sue the government the second paragraph has a quote it says what you do is sling rumbler and his crossfire under a heavy lift chopper and drop them on the run from 20 feet up 50 miles behind enemy lines sort of like dropping a weasel in a hen house you know you're gonna see some feathers fly finally this last section says the name earl bob swilly does not identify any known living person well that contradicts the rest of it this disclaimer is usually printed on the vehicle box not on the card itself even though this is a throwaway character this file card does seem like it was written by larry hamma it has his flair rumbler sounds like a character from the dukes of hazard larry had some fun with this one looking at how the crossfire and rumbler were used in gi joe media the crossfire was only animated for commercials and as far as i can tell rumbler was never animated in the gi joe comic book published by marvel comics a character called rumbler appeared in issue number 80 but he is mislabeled it's actually armadillo the driver of the rolling thunder they just mistakenly called him rumbler the crossfire does not appear in that issue the crossfire without rumbler did make an appearance in the comic book in issue number 131 in that issue the crossfire was used as a remote control car with no driver that is a very meta use for the crossfire it's also remarkable because that issue is from 1992 well after the toy was discontinued


Donnie, I'm still quite new on Rumble. I'm still quite new on comic books as you were my introduction to them. What do you enjoy looking for most when collecting new ones in terms of maybe something about them such as story or artists, all of the above, right? If I'm doing investment I try to find an amazing deal. I just enjoy comic books so I read a lot of comic books.  I got two comic books I'm reading right now, right? In two different locations. This is one of them and I picked this up for 25 cents because a comic book company was Cheryl, oh oh, Terms of Service warning. Oh no, oh that's on Twitch. Cheryl, because Terms of Service, not Terms of because I tagged this as having cannabis in it because Twitch was saying you know if you have anything with cannabis, tobacco, alcohol, drinking a lot or something like this you have to put that on there so I did, right? So check this out, Crack, you'll appreciate this. It hit some $2 bins this afternoon at the flea market, nice. Found a few gems, nice. Love digging through those dusty ones, oh man for sure. Check out this one. Crack, I don't know if you've ever read this. Conqueror Universe. I didn't know about this, like this comic book. I bought this for 25 cents when a comic book store was dumping a whole ton of comics. Two years ago I guess? I bought a few hundred comic books so I'm making my way through them. It's fantastic science fiction, awesome science fiction. Really enjoying this read. Like it's got sort of a feel of some of the Golden Age sci-fi's. Check that out, right? This stream contains a plant found in nature. A busy freeman, that's exactly the warning it should be, right? Crack, I know it, no way. It's a UK-based publisher. They have some great stuff. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Fantastic. So good, so good. And man, this is beautiful Universe building. Beautiful Universe building. I looked this up and they didn't, this series didn't have too many issues so I might try to track down the whole thing. But amazing Universe building, right? And there were some UK publishers that I was able to pick up for when, from that haul that I got, a few hundred comics that I bought, and the UK books are phenomenal. Really, really nice, really nice. Elfida, thank you very much for redeeming, flexing my points. But Elfida, remember we're gonna do an auction next month, okay? We're gonna have stuff for auction available, comic books, cards, jam, what else. Anyway, we're gonna have stuff available for auction as sort of a, what do you call it? Me showing my love for everyone that's been watching on Twitch anyway. You got, if you're building Twitch points, save them for the auction so you can bid on them. Great read, great sci-fi, great sci-fi, crack. Was this from a haul you streamed already? I think I must have missed it. This was, I just mentioned it because it was multiple boxes. There's a few hundred comic books I bought for 25 cents a pop. Those was like two years ago, right? A comic book store owner was emptying a store space he had and he had, I went there as much as I could and I just bought, bought, bought and I've just been going through them. I didn't show them all. There was too many to show, right? So I've just been reading them, going through them.


Yes. Nudes, do you want to do the design? I think it's full. Okay, welcome everybody to the first class at all. Please welcome Jürgen and Marco. Yes, I did. Thank you all for being here. We are here to tell you how we use Glaster within ING Netherlands. Like I told before, my name is Jürgen Rij. I'm the product owner of the high available shared storage squad. This is Marco. He is one of our DevOps engineers. We have a current solution which we offer to our internal client, which is a pretty basic setup of a RapidCloud 3 node Glaster, where the client connects to a VIP, which moves over if one of the nodes goes down. The downside of this solution is that we deliver these three Glaster nodes to our clients and they need to do their own support and maintenance. Very often, they are lacking the skills or they just don't want to do their own support and maintenance. We thought of another solution, and that is Glaster as a service, where we will be delivering NFS shares via a web portal. We do the maintenance and support of the underlying Glasters and the clients can do second day operations like extending a volume, et cetera, via the same web portal. How does it look? We have still a three node Glaster. The only thing is that we have two data bricks which are in the same data center, but in a different availability zone. Then we have a third node, which is the arbiter node, which is in another data center. The arbiter node obviously only contains metadata, so it makes the synchronization to the other data center a bit quicker and it saves disk space. Another component we've introduced is a Ganesha proxy. This is placed in front of the underlying Glaster and helps us in being scalable, which I will show in the next slide. This is just a simple example. The client used to be landing on the bricks with an X on them, but we can change the config file in the Ganesha proxy and route them to another volume. In front of the Ganesha proxy, we've placed an HA proxy, again for scalability, and these also take care of load balancing. It can make a decision to go to what Ganesha proxy based on the current load. Obviously we want to be high available, so everything is double. The HA proxies are active passive and the Ganesha proxies are active active. In this picture there are two Ganesha proxies. Obviously it can be more. En voor disaster recovery purposes we have enabled geo-replication in Glaster, so we've got the complete mirrored setup in another data center, and via the internal workings of geo-replication all data is replicated to the other data center. Then we have one final component, which is Hackety, and Marco will tell you more about it. Basically for the Hackety component we decide to use Hackety because it's a RESTful interface API and then there is also a already client base and the Hackety takes care of all the capacity management about the disk space and the brick and where the volume will be created over the Glaster. And then we are going to show a small demo about how the solution works. I think you have to drag it. The mirror is not... In ING we use Ansible and the internal customer can use the web portal to trigger the Ansible Playbook. In this demo we trigger the Ansible Playbook directly from one of the machines. We define the variable for the volume. We have the volume name, the size, and if we want the geo-replication of this volume to the other cluster and then we run the Ansible Playbook with this external parameter. So the Playbook starts with the... connected to the Hackety server and creates the volume on the master cluster and then on the slave one. To create the volume check if the volume already exists. There is some issue. After this part now it starts to connect to the Glaster directly to set up the geo-replication. Because at the moment Hackety doesn't support the setup of the geo-replication in Glaster. And then the latest step is to configure the Ganesha proxy to export the new volume to the NFS share. Now we can see that on the... this one is the Hackety server. And then on the Hackety server we can see that the volume has been created. And we see two times the volume name because one is on the master cluster and the other one is on the slave. And here we are on the master cluster and then we can see that the geo-replication cause them volume is active. Now we are going on one of the client and then we try to mount the share folder. So we create the folder directly. So the directory has been mounted through the h-approxy. We can see now the mount point that has 10 gigabytes of this. Now for testing we try just to make some create one file in the ID function on this directory. And now we can see... this is the two Ganesha proxy machine. And then we can see that on the right one there is the file transfer.  I'm going to stop the Ganesha services on that Ganesha machine during the writing of the file. And then we can see that the writing is stopped just for a few seconds. And then the h-approxy start to send to the... to this other Ganesha proxy file. So the failover of the... of the NFS mount is just for a few seconds so it doesn't take anything about the... that you can steal writing the file on the... on the shell. Here you can find the... our email address for some question in the future. And if any question now... We have five minutes for questions. Yes. Can you repeat the question? The question is... is used just to create the... volume of the cluster. And the answer is yes. The Ganesha is directly created through the Ansible Playbook and then we are going... because basically the configuration of Ganesha is just an export file. So we just write the file on the Ganesha center and reload the Ganesha... set. The question was... I think the question was... Sorry. The question was whether the volume is fixed in size. Is that a question? No, it's not. Like I told you, we give a web portal to the client and there the size of the volume is a variable. And in the future we will also offer second day operation so they can extend it if needed. Yes. The question is how large the setup is in total. Right now we're in the test phase as in we are delivering a test setup to our clients. And so far it's... the only thing you've seen. So we're starting out small and we can always scale out when we get more customers. Basically the setup is three node cluster on one data center. En 2 Ganesha machine on each data center en 2 H-approx on each data center. En of course a KT server. So, any other questions? Okay. Thank you.


So, this is the slide where we ended yesterday, basically trying to say that the basic difference between the individualistic and the collectivist culture is that in the collectivist culture there is always a higher degree of influence from the various social agents to confirm to certain practices which is otherwise cherished by a larger number of members of that various society. Many a times you will find good practices very thoughtful type of norms which you are supposed to comply to, but at times you might come across some of the practices which is very difficult to be justified or cannot be justified at all, but still people confirm to it. There is a greater degree of compliance to such practices even though those who are involved in the process they suffer in that whole process itself. We will take one example here, this is practice in one of the temples in Karnataka in Mangalore, where in this very temple you have certain Brahmins who will have their food on the leaf of plant basically the banana leaves. And then they will leave some food stuff there, the other members of the society the non Brahmins they are supposed to roll over it. Now, imagine a situation when you are in your dining hall in your hostel a set of people come have their food leave their stuff on the table and you are told that you have to now know bare body you have to roll over it how many of you would do it, but then there is a great degree of belief attached to it and therefore people practice it. Collectivist culture has this type of situation also where conformity and compliance can go up to such extremes also. This is an example from the prison where the Iraqi soldiers were kept captive by the US forces and as you can see here you find the compliance of the members of a group because there are certain authorities which tells you that these are the decorated soldiers who have fought for their nation, but because they were our enemy therefore their uniform has to be removed they will be bare body completely nude we will tie them all together and then we will torture them. Imagine a situation if you are told that you have an enemy who fought against you, but still you would say know that there is a minimum decorum of handling human beings. Take the recent example I will come back to this example take the recent example in JNK very recently you know there was a case where two Indian soldiers they were killed by the Pakistani forces Pakistan kept on denying it that we have not done this and the bodies of both these Indian soldiers they were beheaded bodies the head was removed out of it. Long back just before the onset of the Kargil war also similar type of incidents that happened when there was a young Indian officer sort of Kalia whose mutilated body parts had come know the whole body intact body did not come to India. And then very recently there was a case when one of the Pakistani soldier who happened to cross the line of control was killed in the cross fire, but then the whole body was returned back to the native country. Even during Kargil war many know human beings who died those human beings whom the Indians said that they are the Pakistani regulars Pakistan said that they are not our armed forces they must be you know from different separatist groups and India had a claim because you know their identity cards their salary details were found in their pockets which showed that they belong to certain regiments of the Pakistani forces. But then the military decides that know all those who have died in that process and belong to the enemy camp are religious guru would cremate them according to their religious practices. Now think of know three different stories one where you catch hold of your enemy you treat them like this this was one of the very secret type of photographs which was much later released know two when you catch hold of your enemy and then cut him into pieces and you do not even a refrain from know doing it multiple times. Third case where you catch hold of your enemy the enemy is short dead, but then still you decide to cremate the dead body according to other religious faith of that very individual we will not go again into the details of it, but if you are interested do read Philip Zimbardo who has taken such examples and talks about why good man become ugly why people who are otherwise those who seem to be very good at one point in time they suddenly become extremely wicked why good man become bad wicked ugly and Philip Zimbardo has talked about it at length giving all types of examples and you would find many many examples of the Avogarip jail from where this photograph belongs to. The reason we have taken these examples here is that know in a group setup there could be a possibility where you are forced to comply to certain norms which otherwise you do not admire. Another example that we take that we had taken from our Indian situation of course is an example of the collectivist culture the other example we had taken was from an individualistic culture, but then you are in a regimented setup of the individualistic culture where the dictates coming from the top has to be obeyed. Now if you look at the distinction between the practice in the individualistic versus the collectivist culture you realize that in individualistic cultures the expression of happiness is always encouraged at the cost of expression of sadness. Now this is not what I am saying, but this is what the aggregate of the research done in these two cultures where comparative studies have shown these outcomes and that we are now summarizing here that by and large individualistic culture will promote that you as an individual should certainly enjoy the privilege of expressing your happiness whatever makes you happy you can very freely and frankly share it with others. You need not moan on know issues that does not affect you whereas in collectivist culture the opposite is you know usually cherished. You are sad not because something has happened to you, but because know a relative of a friend of your neighbor who was your neighbor 3 years ago has died there is a long chain, but that also affects your emotional states. In collectivist culture people forego negative emotions in order to support the group standards I might not be very happy inwardly, but because the group is celebrating something therefore I also join it and therefore the negative emotions that I have in that very situation in that very given state. I simply try to know overcome it simply because I am supposed to adhere to the standards that the group is practicing as of now and in collectivist culture another important thing is that there is a less public expression of negative emotions. A very good example given once in classroom by my teacher he said that when he went for the first time to Canada his colleagues there would know always say so how are you and he had the habit of saying fine like most of us most of us would say know when you are asked by somebody how are you fine and then after 2, 3 days this man asked him that how can you be fine every day I am either good or not so good most of the days, but you always tell me you are fine how does that happen and then it led to certain type of discussion between these two the person who asked this was you know psychologist in making who later on become a very renowned psychologist social psychologist and this whole discourse of you know cultural perception of how good you are or how fine you are that was you know elaborated little later, but it is a fantastic description know when somebody asks you how you are and you say good not so good and you take pride in saying not so good whereas in the other culture know it could be say just now in the recent past we had it know chilled winter morning temperature was 6, 7 degree know you have rainfall also and still somebody ask you how are you and you very with a broad smile you say fine and then you realize know that there are certain practices that you simply adhere to you comply to you reflect it because you belong to certain type of culture. The reason we are now talking about these issues are primarily that because you belong to certain culture because culture has its own practices and you show certain degree of conformity compliance to those practices because you try to tame your own emotional reactions in order to adhere to the group standards and therefore your overall ability to adapt to the situation increases and more and more you show adaptation the higher is the perception of adjustment level of yours. You perceive yourself to be adjusted great this was an uncomfortable situation, but I have handled it properly others also think you are great manager who can manage diverse type of situations. We now come to a different way of looking at emotion this was know primarily proposed by Lazarus who talked about know the appraisal of emotions and Lazarus said that emotional responses are actually the outcome of internal and situational appraisal processes such that emotions induce copying activities. Now, remember right from know experience of emotion to behavioral reactions under the influence of emotional state we are now shifting and we are now talking about the appraisal of the emotions means how you relook at your own emotions and according to Lazarus that these emotional responses are actually the outcome of internal as well as situational appraisal processes how you internally appraise it and how the situation know appraises it that would actually make your emotion it can make it know act in a way wherein it facilitates your copying strategies. So, given the type of diversity that you experience you get a chance to cope with the adversity that you are experiencing and all this is primarily facilitated by both the factors your internal way of looking at your own emotions and how the situation interprets your emotional state and based on that we will later on focus know at these two coping strategies little in depth when we come to next to next module where we would be talking about stress, coping and resilience, but just to refer to it that Lazarus proposed that there could be two types of coping one problem focused coping and two the emotion focused coping. Problem focused coping according to Lazarus is a state where one makes effort to overcome or minimize the effects of the unwelcome situation. So, you are trying to either overcome the problem or you are trying to minimize the overall know effect of that very uncomfortable situation whereas in terms of emotion focused coping one adopts strategies to master is or endure an undesirable situation. So, emotion focused coping that way know strategically is far different compared to the problem focused coping, but right now we are interested more into emotions and how they affect our adjustment therefore, these two coping strategies we have just referred to it we would not go into the details of it as I told you that next to next module would be on stress coping and resilience and when we come to coping we will also be talking about problem focused and emotion focused coping once again. So, usually what do we do we spend time and energy in adapting to the constraints of dealing with social and environmental demands. So, there are certain social obligations there are some immediate demands that are environment makes and we spend both our time in terms of understanding it deciphering it in terms of we is also spend our energy in while doing that and once we have succeeded in deciphering what the demand of the situation is we try to find out which strategy I should adopt. So, that I fit know completely into this type of a situation we try to adapt to it we also what we do is that we try to manage our actions without violating the social needs norms and obligations now therefore, adaptation becomes skilled at one has to master where you do not want to violate the norm you do not want to know bypass the social obligations you want to meet the social needs and at the same time you also want to give an appropriate response which would satisfy you as an individual and which would satisfy your environment because there are other stakeholders there in the environment. Then all of this would require an interplay of emotional processes which are primarily supposed to serve the social functions. If you are incapable of showing this type of an adaptation then the society interprets that you have a problem in adjustment let us take couple of examples. Say you I am not know saying that everybody who go to this profession are like that but some people who join this profession which professions I will refer to it right now they gradually act like this. You must have come across several examples where a patient was not offered a bed in the hospital a patient who was know about to deliver a baby was know not even attended by the doctors the delivery took place outside the main gate of the hospital it happened once even in Kanpur also very close to us. I will not show it but I have those news clippings which says now that this actually happened so that in case somebody encounters that no no it has never happened I can show that see here is the news clip which says that it had actually happened. You join a profession say like the police force where you do not hesitate know taking your latte and applying it 10 times hitting somebody very hard. The recent episode in Delhi where you must have seen those live visuals know somebody who surrenders who says no no no I am know do not apply your latte charge on me but still you take pride in doing that. The visual that I wanted to show you was of CRPF officer in the recent Delhi demonstration case where he challenges a girl the girl know the action it is all photographs he challenges the girl the action is very clear that he must be abusing or giving commands that if you do this I will know punish you the girl says no no no this is the action and the next sequence where he really goes and hits the girl. This is an example of a bomb blast in Manipur this was the rickshaw puller on whose rickshaw this bomb was planted you can see know several of the security guards there this man whose lower body part was blown off you can see what happened blood kept on kept on know oozing out somebody comes interrogates him because he knows that death is inevitable instead of taking him to hospital they ask him so tell me you know who was the person who planted it know some details of it but this rickshaw puller was not taken to the hospital and within few minutes of this photograph he died. Now think of know these examples you join a profession but then you start practicing it in a very different fashion I am sure that these policemen when they would have first know seen somebody suffering they also must have felt the pain the first bomb blast the first bullet shot the first wound everything must have know induce certain type of feeling certain type of emotion but then how you appraise your own feeling will then start taming how you feel the situation and how you feel the situation will finally decide how you react to that situation. And whether your act is an act of adjustment you have been able to successfully comply to it you have been successful giving the desired outcome or not depending on which side of the fence you are you would take a decisive role. Now the salience of emotional process in adjustment if you try to understand this primarily you can divide study you remember we were trying to know look at emotions with respect to the basic emotions happiness sadness fear anger surprise and discuss the six basic emotions and we also looked at emotions with respect to their valency positive negative emotions as well as directionality component in emotion approach emotion versus avoidance emotion one way of looking at emotions and this is the classification given by Lazarus is that you can divide them into goal congruent emotions and goal incongruent emotions. So right now therefore the number of emotions has increased know and you find at the it is not only the basic emotions other emotions have also been entertained according to Lazarus the goal congruent emotions are like happiness love and pride goal congruent incongruent emotion includes sadness anxiety shame guilt envy and disgust. And now depending on certain primary appraisal factor and secondary appraisal factor we finally derive this type of emotion and in turn all of them influences are level of adjustment. So what we would do now onwards is that we would look at know the primary and the secondary appraisal processes pertaining to each of these goal congruent and incongruent emotion. And then try to understand that why know do people experience this type of an emotion and how these emotions influences their level of adjustment. Now goal congruent emotions they would be positive in nature and they are likely to moderate our day to day things. And they also play adaptational role by sustaining our morale by facilitating coping and restoring our normal life pattern. So happiness love and pride they will know sustain the level of morale that you are endowed with they will facilitate your coping. And at the same time they will also help you restore your normal life pattern. Now Lazarus know keeps on keeps on talking about the primary and the secondary appraisal processes. So what we would do is we would take each of these emotions first we will begin with the goal congruent emotions. And then we will go to the goal incongruent emotions. And then we will know look at each of the primary appraisal components and the secondary appraisal components. Trying to understand that what finally is the determinant of happiness what finally is the determinant of say pride love guilt shame discuss likewise. But before we come to it I would I thought we have studied a lot. So we will watch a short film right now 13 to 15 minute film it is an animation that describes of story that comes from our mythology you must be aware of the whole story of Shravan Kumar whose parents were blind. And he took them on a theater when finally he was killed by an arrow by King Dashrath. Now there is a tradition of folk lore in our country and some of the folk artists from Rajasthan they describe this story. Their whole narration has been translated into an animated movie made by somebody at IIT Bombay. So we will just watch it. The reason I am trying to show it to you is that there is a beautiful interpretation there are two three sequences there where one narrator recites the story in one way gives another way of looking at it. And the other one says that no no no there is a change there is a twist and he interprets it in a different way. So the same thing can be approached by two different ways and he says that it was done because of this the other one says it was done out of this. So guilt remorse those components come here therefore we will watch this.  So from there Shravan took his father along with him on a journey along with his father on a journey. He took his father along with him on a journey. So the same thing happened. He went on a journey along with his father on a journey. Still he went on a journey and went on a journey along with his father on a journey. What happened next? So narrated out of love the other one narrated out of anger. Process remains the same the interpretation varies. The reason I was trying to show this animation film was that let us see you have this appraisal process that Lazarus talks about that incidence in life is one but how you appraise it will provide a color to it. They say that we belong to the same dynasty and then a grand old lady comes but we are not interested into that part. What we were primarily interested was that for one's event of life for one of the reactions of life there could be multiple way of interpretation and how you interpret it, how you appraise it that actually you know gives you the feeling of a particular emotion. So if you look at the appraisal process of happiness the first three are the primary appraisal components then you have the secondary appraisal components. Now look at the primary appraisal components. If there is a goal relevance then any emotion is possible including happiness means that the goal that you are trying to achieve should be relevant to you. Two if there is a goal congruence then only positive emotions are possible including happiness. So your goal seems to be congruent to you and therefore it leads to the positive experience of emotions and third primary appraisal component that the type of ego involvement is not relevant. So the involvement of your ego is not important. You find that the goal achieving the goal is relevant to you and you also realize the goal to be congruent. The secondary appraisal components blame and coping potentials are irrelevant. So you are not looking for blaming somebody you are not looking at the coping potential of the activity. If future expectations are positive we expect the good fortune to continue. Therefore so the future expectation is positive in nature. You construed that this would continue and if the overall life outlook is favorable in general the existential background is that which is essential to feel happy. So overall you find that life circumstances in and around you is favorable. If future expectation and the existential background are guarded or unfavorable then happiness is apt to be muted or undermined. So basically the secondary appraisal components are that you do not find the relevance of blaming somebody you do not find the coping potential component involved there but what you realize is that what you expect the outcome of the event you expect to be positive you expect that this was continue. So there is a perception of continuity of the process and overall the ambience of the whole experience is favorably directed and hence you derive a positive emotion out of it. But if you realize that the future expectancies are not seems not to be favorable enough then you can undermine your level of happiness. All other appraisal components including type of ego involvement are not essential. So basically what Lazarus says is that there are some primary determinants there are some secondary determinants you use these determinants to you know interpret a given situation and this will finally make you realize whether you should be happy or not. So the state of emotion is dependent also on the appraisal process the outcome of how you appreciate the whole process. Similarly if you look at the pride component the primary appraisal component that if there is a goal relevance then any motion is possible you remember the primary appraisal process for happiness also said the same that there has to be relevance of the goal two also remains the same that if there is goal congruence then any motion is possible it could be happiness it could be pride. Third if the type of ego involvement is enhanced is enhancement of oneself and social esteem then the potential emotions are narrow to pride happiness and relief. Now in the earlier case in the case of happiness we said that the ego involvement is not relevant but here in the case of pride ego involvement plays a role and this ego involvement enhances you know once self esteem as well as once social esteem. Secondary appraisal process if credit is to oneself then pride occurs. So overall you realize that the credit for this goal fulfillment this goal achievement goes to you so you are given the credit then you derive pride out of it. So once again you evaluate the whole of the experience gets evaluated based on goal relevance based on goal congruence based on ego involvement the three primary determinants and the fact that you should finally get the credit for doing whatever has been done. If that happens then you experience pride. Third case once again you find goal relevance goal congruence both are there and it can lead to any positive emotion including happiness pride and love. Now in terms of ego involvement if the type of ego involvement is desire desire of mutual appreciation. So the key component here is the desire for mutual appreciation which is affirming to one's ego identity then the emotion possibility is narrow to love or if it is not love then at least to liking that you like each other. If to this is added sexual interest or passion then love is romantic rather than just being a search for a companion. Now you see there is an interesting description when it comes to how you interpret it. Happiness pride love these three where are goal congruent emotions in all the three cases goal relevance has to be there goal congruence has to be there for happiness ego involvement is not needed for pride ego involvement is needed but it should now lead to self-esteem or social esteem. In the case of love ego involvement is there but this ego involvement requires mutual appreciation of each other. So if I love somebody and therefore I appreciate him or her then I should be also appreciated for certain characteristics. If there is a unilateral investment of such type of thing then it does not lead to the experience of love. To this ego involvement also forms your ego identity if it does so then you experience love or if it is not so intense to make you experience the love then at least it will make you feel little attracted towards that individual. And if you add the passion component sexual interest component then this love becomes romantic. So there is a clearer description know of how you appreciate your own goal congruence goal relevance and ego involvement in an act that will decide what you will experience. Secondary appraisal component so in the case of love no secondary appraisal components are involved except perhaps future expectation is there you expect something in the coming future which then positively favors love but when negative prevents you or undermines your love. So basically you also see what is going to be the consequence the by product of this relationship. If it is positive it is love if you realize that know the outcome is not going to be positive then you lose interest in that individual. So once again you see in all the three cases that we discussed here happiness love and pride in all the three cases which we told that see these are goal congruent emotions only three basic processes were involved goal relevance goal congruence and ego involvement. How you and both two factors were stable know goal relevance was there in all the three cases goal congruence was there in all the three cases it was only ego involvement and the experience in the case of happiness and pride and futuristic type of know derivations in the case of love which finally determined whether you would experience a particular emotion or not and if you experience it then what would be the flavor of that emotion. These three emotions happiness pride and love these three are considered to facilitate your adjustment level know if by and large you are happy type of an individual you also make others happy your presence is welcomed by others. If you take pride in doing certain things in turn others also know consider that this is a man of worth if you assign him a task certainly the goal will be accomplished. So you also derive pride out of it the society also overall appreciates your achievement and if you show your ability to love people to appreciate people to get affiliated to people in turn people also return back all these three things in return in certain quantum and therefore all these three goal congruent emotions adds to the level of adjustment that one aspires to achieve.


Dual or multimodal imaging probes have emerged as powerful tools that improve detection sensitivity and accuracy in disease diagnosis by combining two different imaging techniques. These probes combine the advantages of both techniques without the drawbacks of each individual technique. For example, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, does not use ionizing radiation but has low sensitivity and specificity, while optical fluorescence imaging, OFI, has high sensitivity and specificity but uses ionizing radiation. To address these limitations, researchers have developed dual or multimodal probes that combine the strengths of both techniques. One such approach involves preparing metal-free organic species based on dendrimers with magnetic and fluorescent properties. The dendrimer core is fluorescent on its own, and organic radicals are attached to the surface. By combining these two components, the new dendrimers exhibit both magnetic and fluorescent properties. This is a unique combination of properties that allows for simultaneous detection of diseases through both MRI and OFI. This article was authored by Zambai Zhong, Vega-Lavarez, Youfei Wu, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Welcome, this talk will be about batch arguments for MP and its joint work with Brentwaters. In a batch argument for MP, a prover has a collection of MMP statements, and their goal is to convince the verifier that all M statements are valid. A simple approach to do so is to have the prover send over a collection of MMP witnesses, one for each statement. The verifier then checks that each statement witness pair is valid and accepts if all of them are. In this case, the size of the proof scales linearly with the number of instances. A natural question is whether we can do better. Namely, can we authenticate MMP statements with a proof whose size is sublinear in M? This is the setting of batch arguments. The goal here is to amortize the cost of MP verification. Namely, we seek a construction where a proof on MMP statements scales polynomially with a security parameter, but importantly, polylogrismically with the number of instances being proved. We do allow the proof size to grow with the size of checking a single instance, and hence this is not a succinct argument or a snark. The goal is really to amortize the proof size and verification cost over a batch of instances. In this work, we focus on constructing new, noninteractive batch arguments for MP. First, batch arguments are a special case of succinct arguments or snarks, and indeed, any snark for MP automatically gives a batch argument for MP. However, existing snark constructions either rely on idealized models, non-fossifiable knowledge assumptions, or on powerful cryptographic tools like indistinguishability obfuscation. If we consider the relaxation to batch arguments, a pair of recent works by Shodori, Jane and Jin have shown how to realize them from either the subexponential DDH assumption together with QR, or from the plain learning with errors assumption. Both of these constructions leverage correlation-intractable hash functions to provably instantiate the Fiat-Chemier heuristic. Finally, if we consider pairing-based assumptions, Kalai, Paneth, and Yang showed how to construct a batch argument using a non-standard Q-type assumptions on groups with bilinear maps. In this work, we give the first construction of batch arguments for MP from standard assumptions on bilinear groups. We can instantiate our approach with either the subgroup decision assumption on composite-order bilinear groups, or from the standard K-linear assumption over prime-order groups. A key feature of our construction is that it gives a direct construction of batch arguments that departs heavily from previous techniques in the study of succinct arguments. Namely, we do not rely on heavyweight cryptographic tools like correlation intractable hash functions, or on information theoretic building blocks like probabilistically checkable proofs, both of which have featured prominently in near-the-all-previous constructions of similar primitives. Instead, we give a direct construction in the manner of the classic non-succinct, non-interactive zero-knowledge proof of Groves-Ostrovsky and Sahai. As corollaries to our main construction, we also obtain a RAM delegation scheme, also known as a snark4p, with a sublinear-side CRS from standard bilinear map assumptions, as well as an aggregate signature scheme that supports bounded aggregation in the plain model. Our approach follows a commit-improve strategy, much like the Neziks of Groves-Ostrovsky and Sahai. The prover here has a batch of M statements, and we consider the Mp-complete language of Boolean circuit satisfiability. For each wire in the Boolean circuit, the prover starts by constructing a vector commitment to the M wire assignment, one assignment for each instance. Critically, we require that the commitment is succinct. In our case, the size of the commitment is a single group element and independent of the number of instances. Next, the prover constructs a sequence of proofs for validating wire labels, that each gate is properly computed, and that all of the gates, all of the circuit, output gates, output 1. Each of these validity checks is a quadratic operation and can be checked in the exponent. The tricky part is arguing soundness. In a Groves-Ostrovsky-Sahai-Nezik, soundness relied on extracting the committed values from the commitment, but that will no longer be possible since the commitments are now succinct. For details here, please come to our talk on Tuesday. To summarize, the focus of this work is on constructing batch arguments for Mp, using standard assumptions over bilinear maps. A distinctive feature of our work is that the construction is simple, direct, and completely avoids any heavy cryptographic or information theoretic machinery characteristic of many previous approaches. As corollaries to our main construction, we also obtain a RAM delegation scheme, as well as an aggregate signature scheme in the standard model, from standard bilinear map assumptions. I hope to see you at the talk on Tuesday, and the paper is also available now on Eprint. Thank you very much.