Dear participants, welcome to the course on Supply Chain Digitization. It is jointly being taught by Professor Piyanka Burma, Professor Sushmita Narayanan, and Professor Dev Brathadas from IIM Mumbai. So, in this lecture we will focus on the case study, which we were talking about in the last class. So, this case study is all about the efficiency measurement of 9 manufacturing facilities. So, if you see the management wants to find out the efficiency of their 9 facilities. So, for each of these facilities they collected the data related to outputs and inputs. So, they consider two major outputs production yield and overall equipment effectiveness. They consider two inputs one is cycle time another one is resource utilization. So, based on these two inputs and two outputs they want to find out out of this 9 facility, which one is performing better in terms of efficiency, which one is not performing so good. That is the first objective and second objective is if one facility is not doing good in terms of efficiency, then where they should improve should they focus on increasing output or should they focus on reducing inputs. So, that is the question which is there in the mind of senior management. So, with that objective in mind we developed one data environment analysis model and this model was developed. So, now if you see the objective function it is non-linear. So, why non-linear? Because my decision variables are there in the numerator as well as denominator. So, 92 into V 1 plus 80 into V 2 divided by 32 into U 1 plus 88 into U 2. So, it is a non-linear. Similarly, if you look into the constants these are also non-linear because numerator as well as denominator both terms have decision variables. So, it is basically kind of y by x type. So, since it is y by x type these are non-linear expression. So, now the question is can I convert non-linear terms into linear terms because non-linear optimization is it will tough to do, but we know how to solve linear optimization model. In this case specifically it will be a linear programming model. So, can I convert this non-linear programming model into a linear programming model. So, if you look into these constants very carefully it is 92 V 1 plus 80 V 2 weighted sum of output divided by weighted sum of input. So, can I convert this term linear? Yes, it is possible. So, if I do this let us say I take this denominator out from here and put it over there. So, it will be 92 into V 1 plus 80 V 2 less than equal to 32 into U 1 plus 88 U 2. So, the constant has become linear. So, it was non-linear, but I have converted it into linear term. Similarly, all these constants can be easily converted into linear term if I bring the denominator from here and multiply it with this. So, that is how all the nine constants is converted into linear term. So, all of these are now linear. So, all these are linear. Now, the constants are converted into linear. Now, if you look into the objective function it is still non-linear. So, objective function is still non-linear. So, it is having y by x type of expression. The weighted sum of output is having decision variables V 1 and V 2. Weighted sum of input which is at the denominator is also having decision variables E 1 and E 2. So, therefore, this is non-linear. Now, can I convert this term into linear? Yes or no? So, now, the one point which is important here is efficiency score. So, if you remember the last lecture, the efficiency score, maximum value of efficiency is 1. It can never go beyond 1. So, we will take that point into account and we will try to convert this objective function into linear term. So, now, if you look into this denominator. So, let us assume that this is 1. So, if I take 32 E 1 plus 88 E 2 equal to 1. If I put this as an additional constant. So, this is my additional constant. I only had 9 constant for 9 facility, but I have put 31 plus 8 to 8 E 2 equal to 1. Now, the denominator has become 1 by virtue of this constant. So, as denominator has become 1, what is the maximum value numerator can take? Maximum value numerator can take you also 1. So, therefore, if I add this constant 32 E 1 plus 88 E 2 equal to 1, I am not losing any information. I am not putting any restriction which is not part of the model. So, therefore, if I make sure that denominator is 1, the numerator by virtue of this constant, because I also have this constant. So, this constant makes sure that this term 9 to 2 E 1 plus 80 E 2 plus 32 E 1 plus 88 E 2. So, this is my objective function and if I compare this objective function with this constant. So, objective function cannot take value more than 1. It has to be less than equal to 1, because the definition of efficiency value has to be less than equal to 1. And if I make sure that this value is 1, then the maximum value numerator can achieve equal to 1 because of this constant. So, therefore, I can convert this non-linear term into linear term adding one additional constant like this and then the objective function will be maximized 92 V 1 plus 80 V 2. And this term cannot take more than 1, because if it takes more than 1, then this expression, this objective function will be more than 1, which is not satisfying this constant. So, therefore, because of this constant, because of this constant for facility 1, this objective function value will be restricted to 1 and it can be maximum 1. With this conversion, I can convert non-linear model into linear model. So, now in this case, all my constants are linear. My objective function is also linear. So, I have a linear programming model. The objective is maximized 92 V 1 plus 80 V 2 and subject to 9 constants related to the efficiency value less than equal to 1 and one more additional constant, which has come by virtue of converting non-linear objective function into linear objective function. So, now, if I solve this model, I will get the value of V 1 V 2 V 1 V 2. Now, as per solution is concerned, it has now become easier because my model is no longer non-linear. This is a linear programming model. Now, if I change the facility, facility insist of facility 1, if I put facility 2, only thing, my objective function will change. This 9 constant will remain same. So, every time, if I change the facility, my objective function will change. In the non-linear model, in the linear version of the model, objective function will change and this additional constant will change. So, now, let us see, can I put this in a generalized form because in this case, I am having 2 output, 2 inputs and 9 facilities. In reality, you might have m number of outputs, n number of input, p number of facilities and so on. So, therefore, I need to have a generalized form. So, hope you understood the concept. Now, let us see how can I put a generalized form. So, generalized data envelopment analysis model for facility p. So, now, this is objective function. What is the numerator value? It is nothing but weighted sum of outputs. So, I have weight v k. v k is nothing but weight of output k. I am multiplying it with k th output value of facility p. So, for facility p, I have the output value of like, I have k th output. So, that should be multiplied by v k and then I am summing it up all of this. So, this is nothing but weighted sum of. Now, numerator if you see, I have u j multiplied by input j p. So, u j is weight of input j and how many inputs I have j equal to 1 to m. So, I have m inputs and for each input, I have weight u 1 is the weight of input 1, u 2 is the weight of input 2 dot, dot, dot, u m is the weight of input m. So, that is being multiplied by input j p. What is input j p? For facility p, the value of input j is written over here. So, that is how I can get. So, the denominator is weighted sum of. Now, I have weighted sum of outputs divided by weighted sum of inputs that is my efficiency score, I need to maximize it. And how many outputs I have? I have s number of output. So, k equal to 1 to s. So, v 1 represent the weight of output 1, v 2 represents weight of output 2 dot, dot, dot, v s represent weight of output s. So, that is how this objective function will look like. Now, I also have to write constant. So, what is the constant? Constant is nothing but efficiency score of all of these facilities should be less than equal to 1 and I am assuming that there are n facilities each with m inputs and s outputs. So, now this is my constant. So, constant is efficiency of each facility. So, how many facility I have for i equal to 1 to n? So, for each of this facility the efficiency is less than equal to 1. So, this is my model and this is an variable sir v k greater than equal to 0 u j greater than equal to 0. So, j takes value 1 to m because I have m inputs k takes value between 1 to s because I have s outputs. So, this is my generalized DEA model for facility p. p could take any value from 1 to n. So, now, if I have to convert this into linear form I can do the similar way as we have done for the example. Now, this term is non-linear, this term is also non-linear. So, first let us see how can I focus on. So, first I am converting the constants into linear. So, this is if I put this term weighted sum of inputs and bring it in the right hand side that would be linear term. So, that is what I have written v k into output k i summation over k equal to 1 to s minus summation over j equal to 1 to m u j into input j i less than equal to 0 for all i equal to 1 to n. So, this term basically has been converted into this term and now it is linear. Now, objective function has to be linear. So, as we discussed the input value we should convert we should make it 1. So, that is what we have written u j input j p summation over j equal to 1 to m. So, that is nothing, but weighted sum of input that we are making it equal to 1. So, again this is linear. Now, the output weighted sum of output is my objective function this is also linear. So, now this is a generalized d a model after linearization for facility p. So, p could be 1 2 3 4 dot n. So, if p equal to 1 this output of facility 1 will come here if p equal to 1 input of facility 1 will come here and this value will remain same this will not change if p equal to 2 output of facility 2 will come if p equal to 2 input of facility 2 will come. So, only this term and this term only the objective function and this constraint will change based on the value of the p the rest of these constraints the n constraints will remain same. So, that is a generalized model because when you go and in a real world you might have m number of inputs you might have s number of outputs n number of facilities. So, you can use this model. So, now we have understood generalized version of d a model. Now, let us see for this specific case although I have developed the model we have converted into linear form, but we have not solved it yet. So, how can I solve it? So, for that we will use excel solver and in one of the previous lectures professor P. N. Kabarma is already taught you like how to use excel solver. So, we will also use excel solver to solve the linear programming model because now our model is no longer non-linear we have converted it into a linear programming model. So, we can easily solve it using excel solver and. So, let us see how can we solve it using excel solver. So, first we will explain the major steps in power point slide then we will take you to excel solver and solve it in front of you. So, that you can get a good hands on. So, now these were my data I had two outputs production yield and overall equipment effectiveness. I had two inputs cycle time and this was utilization for nine facilities. So, first thing you have to put this data in an excel file. So, we will provide you the excel file with these data points. Now, let us understand the steps. So, objective function after linearization was like this maximize 90 to v 1 plus 80 v 2. So, now let us see how can we put this data into excel. So, I have four decision variable v 1 v 2 u 1 u 2. So, what is v 1 is nothing, but weight of output 1 that is weight of production yield v 2 is weight of output 2 that is weight of overall equipment effectiveness. u 1 is the weight of input 1 that is weight of cycle time u 2 is the weight of input 2 that is weight of resource utilization. And initially for these four decision variables that is four weights to output weights and two input weights we are taking the value 0 0 0 0. So, to initialize the process we are taking the value 0 0 0 0 the yellow cells which you are seeing now. So, initial value of v 1 is 0, initial value of v 2 is 0, initial value of u 1 is 0, initial value of u 2 is 0. Now, the coefficient of v 1 in the objective function is 92, coefficient of v 2 in the objective function is 80. So, the green cells represents the coefficient of v 1 in objective function that is 92, this is coefficient of v 2 in the objective function. So, the objective function is 92 into v 1 plus 80 into v 2. So, now v 1 and v 2 both are 0 0 initially. So, what will be the value 92 into 0 plus 80 into 0. So, that is 0. So, this term is nothing, but 92 into v 1 plus 80 into v 2. So, this is the term. Now, initially both are 0 0. So, therefore, objective function value is also 0. So, objective function is clear. Now, let us focus on constraint 0. So, what was constraint 0? Constraint 0 was derived from objective function to make the terms linear. So, what was the constraint 0 is nothing, but weighted sum of inputs. So, 32 into u 1 plus 88 into u 2. Initially the value of u 1 is 0, value of u 2 is also 0 and 32 is nothing, but coefficient of u 1 88 is coefficient of u 2. So, 32 will be multiplied by 0, 88 will be multiplied by 0. So, this term is nothing, but 32 into 0 plus 88 into 0. But if I write it in a generalized value generalized form it will be 32 into u 1 plus 88 into u 2. So, that is how this value is coming. So, initially it is 0, but I have to make sure that this value becomes 1. So, that is the right hand side. So, although it is 0, but when I solve it I have to make sure that this value is no longer 0, it has to be equal to 1, because I need to satisfy this constraint. So, I write now 0 0 0 0 is not satisfying my constraint. So, this is not a feasible solution. So, I have to get a feasible solution to get that first I have to make sure that this 0 is not 0, it has to be 1 that is how we have put this constraint. Now, I had 9 constraints for 9 facilities. So, what was the constraint? The first constant was 92 into v 1 plus 80 v 2 less than equal to 32 into u 1 plus 88 u 2 in a generalized form. Now, this term these two terms if I take it left hand side it will be 92 into v 1 plus 80 v 2 minus 32 u 1 minus 88 u 2 less than equal to 0. So, now how to write it in excel? So, 92 into 0 92 into v 1 initially now v 1 is 0. So, 92 into 0 80 into v 2 80 into 0 80 into v 2 80 into 0 minus 32 into u 1 32 into 0 minus 88 into u 2 88 into 0. So, that is this value. So, what is this value? This is nothing, but if I just write it over here 92 into v 1 plus 80 into v 2 minus 32 into u 1 minus 88 into v 2 minus 88 into v 2 minus 92 into u 2. So, this is this term since all of them are 0 I am getting this 0 and it is has to be less than equal to 0. So, same way you can put constraint 2 constraint 3 constraint 4. So, 1 constraint 9. So, that is how this calculations are there. So, now the objective function.  Similarly, all of these calculations are mentioned. So, the formulas are there in excel and we will see this. So, how is this? This is nothing, but this value. What is constraint 2? Constraint 2 this is nothing, but this formula. What is constraint 3? Constraint 3 is nothing, but this formula. So, that is how formulas are entered and once you go to the excel solver we will show you how to do this calculation over there. Now, all the cells are having formulas as we have shown to you. So, once all the cells are entered with the formulas relationships are there we have to enter the same thing into excel solver. So, excel solver looks like this is the screen sort. So, the set objective I am trying to maximize because my objective is maximization type. So, I will click here maximization. So, what I want to maximize 92 v 1 plus 80 v 2. What is this term? This term is nothing, but this value this cell. What is this cell? 17. So, f 17 is nothing, but 92 into v 1 plus 80 into v 2. So, this cell I want to maximize that is what we have written f 17 then by changing variable cell. These are my decision variables.  So, v 1 is v 17 initial value 0 c 17 d 17 e 17. So, v 17 to e 17. So, these are my decision variables. Initially all are 0 0 0 0 0, but once you solve it these values will be changed and we will get the actual value of the decision variables. Then what are the constant? The constant is 32 u 1 plus 88 u 2 should be 1.   So, what are these constant?  So, this value is nothing, but this third constant nothing, but this one and the ninth constant nothing, but this one. So, we have already explained. So, all of these formulas are entered here.  So, that is what we have written here. So, now, we have the model which have entered into the excel solver and we are making sure that unconstrained variables are non-negative. So, all the decision variables v 1 v 2 e 1 u 2 should be non-negative greater than equal to 0 and we are using simplex LP. So, if you use all of this parameter and click on solve, you will get a solution like this. So, now, this solution is very important for us to present. So, if you look into this efficiency results. So, efficiency is nothing, but the value of the objective functions. So, when I solve for facility 1, the model which you have seen here maximize 92 v 1 plus 80 v 2, the objective function will be 0.9572. It is not efficient 95 percent efficient, 5 percent efficient I still could achieve. For facility 2, it is 87 percent efficient and so on. Now, if I look into this data, I can see factory 4 is efficient, 4 is efficient and factory 7 is efficient. So, factory 4 and 7, these are efficient 100 percent efficiency score is 100 percent whereas, other factories are not efficient. So, if we look factory 8 is having lowest efficiency score 76 percentage efficiency score. Now, I still have 24 percent to improve. So, the question is where should I focus on? If I am a manager of factory 8, where should I focus on? I can still improve 24 percent efficiency. Should I focus on increasing the outputs or should I focus on reducing the inputs? So, if you see the value of the weights that is the decision variables for factory 8, if I see as far as 2 outputs are concerned, output 2 is having high weight 0.01. Similarly, if I look into the input, the resource utilization is having high weight. Now, if I compare these 2, V 2 is having more weight V 2 is 0.01 1 whereas, U 2 is 0.010. So, V 2 is having little bit more weightage compared to U 2. If I have to increase the efficiency by putting minimum effort, I should try to increase the overall equipment effectiveness of facility 8 because weight is highest over here. So, since weight is highest over here, I should try to focus on increasing the output 2. That means, for facility 8 I should try to increase the output of overall equipment effectiveness. So, if I put my resources to increase the output of overall equipment effectiveness, my efficiency will increase at a faster rate. Let us say which factory? Let us say I am to focus on 0.92. 0.92 is the efficiency score of facility 9. So, it is not efficient enough, 8 percent efficiency I can still increase. So, if I want to increase the efficiency, where should I focus on? Should I focus on this in output? Should I focus on this output? Should I focus here? Should I focus here? I have to see the value of these output parameters. Value of the output parameters, this is the maximum 0.03. So, I can see for facility 9, if I focus on reducing the cycle time, then my efficiency will increase at a faster rate. That is how the interpretation should be. So, out of these four decision variables B 1, B 2, U 1, U 2, you have to see which decision variable is having more value. So, these are nothing but the weights. So, wherever you have more weights, my focus should be on those parameters. If more weight is on output, then I should try to increase the output value. If more weight is on input parameters, then for that specific parameter, for that specific facility, I should try to reduce the input time values. Then I will achieve efficiency at a faster rate. The efficiency score will increase at a faster rate. So, now we have solved both the problems which we stated earlier in the case. The first question was out of this nine facility, which facility is more efficient? So, I can say facility 4 and facility 7, these are the efficient because their efficiency score is 100 percent. So, 4 and 7 efficient. Now, rest all are inefficient, but among the inefficient facilities, I can see facility 8 is most inefficient because the efficiency score is 76 percent. They still can improve the efficiency by 24 percent. Then after facility 8, which is the next least efficient, 87 percent I can see. 87 percent is facility 2. So, facility 2 has still option to increase efficiency by 13 percent and so on. So, I can increase the efficiency. Now, the next question is how can they increase the efficiency? Since, 8 is having lowest efficiency score, I will see the value of waste B 1, B 2, E 1, E 2. Since, B 2 is the highest weight. So, I should try to focus on increasing the overall effectiveness, overall equipment effectiveness. That means, right now my value is 68. You see, right now my value is 68. The model suggests that you should increase it. I should try to increase it to 70, 72, 73, 74. If you see, it has maximum value, 85. Right now I am standing at 68. So, I can still improve 17 percent more from the, from my like peers. So, therefore, if I increase this value 68 to 70, 70 to 75, my efficiency will keep on increasing. Rather than focusing on all other parameters, I may focus on increasing the effectiveness of equipment. Similarly, if I focus on 9 facility, I should try to reduce this value and so on. Similarly, if I focus on facility 2, it is suggesting me that I need to increase overall equipment effectiveness. I need to increase this value 78. I have to increase it little bit. At the same time, it is suggesting me that resource utilization also you need to reduce. Right now, I am, I am increasing too much, I am utilizing too much resources, 94 percent. So, it is suggesting me, although you have to increase overall effectiveness of the equipment, you also have to reduce resource utilization. You are utilizing too much resources and output is not that great. So, therefore, it is focusing that either I should reduce resource utilization or I should increase overall effectiveness of the equipment or I can do both. Then also, I will be able to achieve efficiency. So, this data, the output of the model is not only telling me which one is efficient, which one is not efficient. It is also telling me where should I focus on out of these 4 parameters. So, they focus on output, they focus on input, they focus on combination of output and input. Like in the case of facility 2, I am focusing on combination of output as well as input. So, I am, my focus is increasing output 2 and reducing input 2. Similarly, for factory 8, my focus on increasing output 2 and reducing, you can see this value reducing the value of resource utilization. So, we got the idea, the managerial interpretation now let us see quickly how we can do this using excel. So, I already explained the excel solver excel like interpretation. We will now go to the excel and run it once again and show you how this excel works. So, if you open this excel file, then these are the data which is already there given to us. So, do not see this data now, we will explain and now this is my optimization model as we have explained in the PPT. So, initial values are 0, 0, 0 and 0. These are my initial values. So, now, if I select facility 1, I have selected facility 1, if I have selected facility 1, I am getting 92 into v 1, 80 into v 2 this value, since both of them are 0, 0 is 0 and then input values in the objective function for facility 1 is 32 and 88. Now, if I go to data solver and solve it, you will get 95 percent, 95.72 percent as the efficiency score and see the weights have changed. The initiality was 0, 0. Now, after solving weights have changed and I can see OEE is having 0.011 weight and then 0.008 for cycle time 0.008 for resource utilization. The same value I have copied and pasted it over here. Now, let us say I want to go to facility, I want to see facility 4. So, facility 4, I have 90 percent, I have 90, 78 as my output parameters, 30, 82, 30, 82 as my input parameters and I have used a V lookup function. So, automatically if you select facility 4, these 4 values will automatically be changed. Now, if I solve here, you will see a solution 100 percent efficiency. That is what we discussed in the PPT also, it is using 100 percent efficiency. So, same way let us see for factory 8. So, if I change factory 8, see automatically 74, 68 has come coefficient of outputs, coefficient of objective function. Similarly, 35, 94 has also come over here. Now, solver, solve, you are getting 76 percent efficiency. That is what we discuss in the PPT and these values are my weights and see this is having highest weight 0.011, then resource utilization and then cycle time and production. So, now, if you go through the excel file, you will see the formulas as we explained in the PPT. So, I request you please go through each of this cell and see how these formulas are calculated. Whatever you discuss in the PPT, the exactly same formulas are written over here. You can also explore on your own. So, one thing I would like to mention here, which we did not talk in next PPT is this constant. So, b 7 to e 17 is nothing but these decision variables. I am putting a very minimum value 0.000601. So, I do not want to get weight 0. So, that is why we have put a very minimum value of decision variable. So, epsilon. So, instead of writing 0 weight, I wanted to keep the value 0.000001. So, if you get 0 values, you might think that these parameters are not important. So, therefore, we have kept a very minimum value. So, that we do not get 0 for any of these weights. We should not get 0 for V 1, V 2, V 1, V 2. So, we should have at least some importance. So, therefore, I have kept a very, very low importance 0.0001. Otherwise, if I remove this, you will get 0. This parameter will be 0. This parameter will be 0. This decision variable will be 0. So, although like when you present to somebody, they might think that 0 means that parameter is having no importance, but you know in reality cycle time production yield has importance. Although in this case, it is not coming up as a top important, but it has importance. So, therefore, I have kept a very low value 0.0001. So, 601. You can, if you want, you can keep further low value also, but I suggest avoid putting 0. Then, the interpretation will be like if people might think it is of no use. Now, if you solve it, you will get like solver found a solution. All constants and optimality conditions are satisfied. So, linear programming model which you got, it is optimal and you got a solution. So, that is how you get all the solutions. So, I have to run it 9 times. If we keep on changing this, then every time you have to go solver and run it. So, if I run 9 times, I will get 9 such values of the weights and 9 efficiency score. That is how the scores are calculated and we have used this in the PPT. So, hope you could get the idea of data development analysis and the usefulness of this technique. It is very useful technique. It is used for measuring efficiency. I can compare efficiency of similar facilities, similar warehouses, similar distribution centers, similar factories. It is a very, very useful tools. Only thing we need to find out important value of outputs, important value of inputs. If we have inputs and outputs data, these models can be applied. And we can find out which one is efficient and which one is not efficient. And not only that, if a factory or facility is not efficient, like should you focus on outputs, should you focus on inputs, so efficiency increases. So, with that I would like to stop this lecture. So, thank you so much. Look forward to seeing you in the next class.


I'm back. I think. Is that me? Yeah, it's on me. Alright. I'm back. Okay. I don't know what I'm going to hunt. I do want to do some more stuff with the charge blade. So, you vets out there. I got two questions. The first question might be easier than the second. The first question is, what's a good starter armor set to go with charge blade? To build from? And I'm talking about like building out something with complete with gyms and everything. The second question is kind of a little bit more general. I'm trying to... After this, I'm going to be switching to Generations Unlimited. And right now the control schemes are so different. Like I'm adapting to the switch controller on Monster on the World. And then I go over to Generations and like everything's so different. Is there something you can do to kind of make those similar, more similar? Because I don't have enough customization options here to change things. Kind of frustrating that I can't marry the... I can't make them somewhat similar because it's messing me up. Yeah, Unlimited Ultimate, you get the idea. It's a you. I don't know. My palico's back. Alright, let me... While we're thinking about that, I'm going to go back over here and I got to... I'm going to do a Soul Pill, told me to. We're not going to leave here until we do a hundred shield charges. I think of it as Unlimited because it has like all the stuff. Well, almost all the stuff. Alright, so, one, two, three. It didn't work. I'll try it again. So charge. So to charge up a shield, I just do this and then this. I'm sorry. So I do YB. YB. YB. And then in the middle of it, I hit guard, but it didn't... It still doesn't do it. So I don't know if I'm doing it at the wrong time or what, man. Oops, I did that wrong. Okay, so it's charge. YB. Do I press it at the beginning or the end of the swing? I really feel like I'm overthinking this. Beginning, okay. That's the problem. I'm pretty sure that's the problem. I was pressing it way too late. Alright, let's try this again.  It just goes all over the place. I think my mistake is that I'm pressing directional buttons and it's making me slide and some of these lunge forward too. Like this charge move. I don't know if that's funny. Alright, this thing. I'm just all over the place. I don't know how to aim that. The most efficient file builder is charge double. Shield thrust charge double. It needs to interrupt the AD. Oh, what? Wait, I don't want to learn... Don't know. I know about the weapon charge. I don't want to even bother with that yet. Charge double is a whole piece of... Okay, so charge double, shield thrust. So what's shield thrust? Y plus B. Okay, so... Alright, I got the charge move down, but it's just... I forgot what I was doing. You gotta be thinking about that move now. Yeah, I did. Alright, I know when to do that now. Alright, let's work on aiming this thing. So the monster's head's right there. I have to do it like... See, why am I going in that direction? Okay, I kind of have control over where it goes. So you can kind of... Well, kind of. Kind of. I think I know what I was doing wrong there. On that thing, I think I was pressing it too fast. It was causing me to go frantic a little bit. I think that's the case with a lot of these moves. I'm doing them too fast. This move is a little bit slower. Yup, that's what's going on. I just need to slow it down. Yeah, the slide stuff... I think that's going to be next. I mean, I'm glad you told me this combo here, because I really didn't know a basic thing to do. I was just spamming. So if I want to slide around him, I just do... Okay, that didn't work. So it's just directional and B. Can you do a... You can do a sideways. Can you do a directional and Y? I don't think so. That's just weak slash. So that kind of messes me up sometimes, because I like to reposition myself while I'm attacking. I didn't know it could affect your attacks like that. You don't have to start YB any slash works. Just the next two are YB shield thrusts and then... Is it a three move thing? It's a three move thing. Okay. Okay, that makes it easier. Yeah, that makes it a lot easier. I like that. I feel like I'm playing Street Fighter or something. Which I used to be very good at, by the way. I'm not going to brag or anything. I know, I know, okay. For the combos, they don't even have to connect. So I can gain charges just by like... No, that doesn't work with charges. You're talking about something else, aren't you? Crap, I did it wrong. For getting AEDs off, okay. The first two don't even have to connect. Okay, let's try something. I didn't want to do that. Let's get our shield. I mistimed it. Whoops. Getting ahead of myself, chat. Okay, let's try it again. All right, so... Can I pause in between? Let's try. And just come over here and be like, all right, and then do it again. No, I have to... They don't have to connect, but I still have to do them in sequence. It has to be a three attack thing. So, boom. Oh no. I messed that up. All right, let's try it back here. So if I go... There we go. That way you can kind of aim for that last hit. The first two don't have to hit. I see what you're saying now. So... Didn't mean to do that. That's okay. Capacity on your loadout. It gives you a six file, which means more SAED damage and longer lasting shield charge capacity. Hey, Jonathan, how you doing, dude? Hello, Garka Ruff. Garka Ruff, welcome to the stream, dude. We're just learning charge blade, and I'm refining basically how to learn these charges and stuff. Just getting the muscle memory down. Really good weapon. It is. It's very strong. Very flexible. I think it's important for me to get the basics down, and then I can... Once I get good with the basics, and then I'll start moving on to some of the more advanced stuff. Like, people say you can charge your weapon and some other advanced stuff that I haven't learned how to do yet. Yeah, the power of the sword, I'm gonna hold off on that for now. That's something I'm gonna learn next once I get this down to, like, a science, you know? I still feel like I'm struggling with it a little bit. That's why I'm going through the repetition right now. So, capacity in terms of gear. I'll have to look at and see... Which gear sets off the most capacity? What's the secondary stat? After capacity. It's a one-point skill. I'll say you need one piece for it. That what you mean? Okay. Use X. Magazine, Jewel II, dildo legs, or high-metal waist, and also a charm. I mean, look at high-metal... Capacity boost, that's what it's called. Okay. So, I think I want the beta, right? Because it has slots. I want to know how to rise your hunter rank after defeating Xenojiva.  So, those missions, you have to complete those in order to keep progressing past those marks. I think it's HR 29, and HR 49. Oh, I had the wrong button. How you page down, you can't. Alright, high-metal waist.  Good, I explained it right. Temper Kieran at 49, correct. Alright, so we're going to make the high-metal waist, and dildo legs. I want to do something. No! Dildo got my legs. Capacity boost. Alright! These actually look good. They don't look like terrible. Can I equip this? No, I can't equip it right there. And you said a jewel, right? A charm and a jewel. So, I'm scared to see what this charm costs. Does it just call capacity charm? I hope so. There it is. I can make it. Okay. And magazine jewel too. Of course I don't have it. Jewels are so weird in this game. Not weird, they're just annoying. Alright, so if I have anything with capacity boost, that'd be nice. Let's see, what can I get in the meantime? I guess I can throw a protection jewel in here. Just for divine blessing. Alright, let me upgrade these pieces of armor that I have. The new ones. And we're going to sort. Griefs. I should use these up first, shouldn't I? 26k. I thought, oh, I didn't equip it. That's the one I wanted to equip and I didn't. The coil. The high metal coil, which is probably this blue one here. Looks like I'm going to need some armor spears. I think there's an event going on. Alright, what's my defense look like now? Them thighs.


I hope you are welcome back to my channel or if you're new here, my name is Seppy and in today's video I thought I would be showing you guys some of the stuff that I've been buying during this time in isolation or quarantine It's a mixture of stuff that I've kind of needed slash stuff that I've been looking at and like kind of lasting and I'm like Just go for it and get it So yeah, I thought I'd put it all together in one haul It's just a mixture of stuff like Skin care stuff hair care stuff and clothing. So if you guys want to see that then obviously, please keep watching Also, let me know down below in the comments Are you guys kind of shopping more now that you've got more time on your hands to kind of look around online? Or are you shopping less like because obviously I know a lot of people can't go to work now So maybe you're saving up towards more important things and you're not shopping So yeah, let me know in the comments have let's have a little chat about it. I'll be interested to know But yes, I'm just gonna go ahead and get started if you enjoyed this video Don't forget to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to be down below and don't forget to follow me on Instagram My insta is Persian bunny all the clothes I'm trying first stuff from Missy Empire and I'll have them all linked down below All the items will be linked down below and the sizes that I chose to get as well So the first thing I'm gonna show you guys all from Missy Empire It's basically a British clothing brand I was like picking stuff online and stuff and I was like I really like the clothes on the website and then I checked my mailbox and they were like, do you want to kind of? Collab they can send me some stuff to post on my insta and here on YouTube So this isn't a sponsored video at all, but they did give me the items For free, so I'll be showing you guys what I chose which I am so obsessed with so the first thing I chose was this Blazer and it has got a belt that goes around it. It's black like oversized Blazer and I think that this is so nice on you'll see it in the triangle bit on the side I think that this is so nice on and it just makes every outfit look smart and chic I think the belt of it allows you to have like a cinched waist so that you don't lose your feminine like Sexy figure whilst wearing an oversized blazer, which is what I like because most of time when I wear an oversized blazer I feel like it hides like my nice like waist underneath it. You know what I mean? Also, if you don't want to tie the belt you don't have to you can just take it out Which is also really good about this laser And I think that I would probably wear wear this with like a black dress and white knee-high boots I think that would be such a vibe or just jeans and a crop top and throw this blazer over I feel like everybody needs a black blazer in their closet and this one fits so beautifully So the next item is this a white leatherette corset. I think it's so nice The material is so smooth and like just it feels like real leather in my opinion And I really really like this because I feel like it's such a twist on the just the regular corset It's got like this floor. Is it floral cut detail like the edges just Rounded off and it's really really cute and I feel like that makes it different along with the material Which is leather. I haven't seen many leather corsets. So I feel like this is so nice Especially for summer nights that are coming up I would wear this with some blue jeans Then I feel like that would look so nice together or you could even wear it with some blue shorts and some black like Dr. Martin style shoes and where it's like a festival. This is such a versatile piece and that's why I picked it I really love it. So the next item I picked is so not something I would usually wear But basically it was very inspired by this photo of Negan Mirsalahi I thought she looked absolutely stunning in that photo and I wanted to be able to recreate that look and plus I feel like this piece is so cool to be able to wear over a bikini or to like a festival or something like that and I feel like this would look so nice even on a night out. I just thought that it's quite versatile So the back is like open and it closes like this with like this chain So that's why it's kind of cool as like a cover-up, but my hair is long So unless I tie it up, no one will kind of see this back feature. Anyway, so if I wear it on a night out It won't it won't show basically But yeah, it feels really cool. I it's completely see-through though by the way guys So if I wore this I probably have to wear like nipple covers over it because Look, you can kind of get the outline of it. I'd have to wear nipple covers. Sorry underneath it or like a Strapless bra that's nude underneath it But I feel like this is such a cool piece. You might even be able to throw this over a white shirt What do you guys think? I feel like it's quite versatile So that's why I chose it, but I would never usually pick something like that So it was quite cool to like step out my comfort zone and I'd be inspired by like another influencer So tell me who like inspires you or influencers and their style that you really like I want to know But yeah, I love like taking inspo from Instagram Now the next item I think is such a perfect piece for quarantine It is this nude hoodie and it says a Saint Laurent on the front and it's got this kind of What's that called a lightning bolt bolt? Can't even talk today, but yeah, it's a hoodie and I feel like this is so cute because it's like a pastel color So it's good to wear on like the springtime like we're experiencing now in London right now We're experiencing a heat wave. So yeah, this is not typical London weather I guess we're quite blessed right now But I know that it's gonna be quite cold again next week and just in general I live in hoodies and tracksuit bottoms right now during this quarantine time So I think this is such a nice one guys I feel like this would even look good like after quarantine time when you want to go out in jeans And a hoodie. This is such a cute one to wear I absolutely love it and also I don't know about you guys, but when I go on holiday Sometimes I like to wear a hoodie over my bikini once the sun has set and you're kind of going Back to your resort or whatever it gets a bit chilly So I like to wear hoodies over that as well And I feel like the colors of this one makes it so much more like spring summer friendly So I really really like this So this bag also from Missy Empire is one of my husband basically my favorite bag right now This looks so much like the Bottega bag. It's like a dupe for it But obviously much more affordable and I absolutely love it. I love the shape I like the size the size is perfect because when I go out usually it's like I have to toss up between putting my Vlog camera in my bag or my wallet in my bag And it's just really like frustrating and my I can't fit everything in basically because tiny bags Became a trend for ages. So this is a nice like small Bag not micro bag basically so that's really good because I can fit my phone in there my camera in there My card case in there and even some makeup and it's perfect I love the way it sits on your shoulder like this how cute like even with what I'm wearing right now I just feel like this like adds a little of a statement piece to it and it's almost like just It's almost like an accessory that like vibes up your outfit Do I mean let me know what you guys think if you guys like this I want to know if like we have the same style guys And if you guys are into the new botega stuff because I absolutely am but sometimes I worry with like stuff like that Where I'm like is it gonna be a trend item where then I've dropped like 2,000 pounds on a bag and next year No one's even gonna be wearing it Whereas I can get this that looks so similar and it's literally 100th of the price. Wait, let me do that mouse Yeah, 100 fish of the price You can get a hundred like these or one a particular so yeah Don't think for a take is ever gonna want to sponsor me after I've said that but I'm moving on Okay, next item guys. I love a good pair of jeans and I absolutely Love these jeans hold on. I'm just doing up the button so it looks more aesthetic for you guys I got these pair of jeans and they have just this one single rip here on The thigh on your right thigh and then they are like kind of like not they're not skinny at the bottom But they're not flare either so I guess they're just like straight leg right and I love the wash on it I love just everything about it. It fits nice and tight not tight But like it's well fitted around your waist and on your thighs and the cut just makes it really funky You can close it up if you want like I've bent it down so much that like it won't stay up anymore unless I iron it up, but like There like you can have it up like that if you want But I like it bent down like that and I just feel like you guys will see obviously in the trial on how cool it looks But I feel like there's so many jeans out there They just have loads of rips on it It's really nice to have one that just has one rip and like really well fitted This is like what the back of it looks like and I just love the color I feel like the color of the wash of the jeans is perfect for like the spring summer time Next up and I feel like this kind of goes with the blazer that I showed you guys But this is again another trend piece that I'm obsessed with and that Missy Empire has priced it like much better in my opinion than like some of the high street stores like Zara and it is this high waisted black trousers right but at the bottom it has got this slit at the end and Yeah, it's like got this slit at the end So like half of like your ankle is basically out and like it shows like your heels But then it falls over your heels You guys will see what I mean in the try-on and I absolutely love this I feel like if you wear this because it's high waisted if you wear it with like a crop top and some strappy heels It'll look so nice or even you could wear it with the blazer that I showed in the start and like you could just if you Tape yourself down well in it properly I think it would it really cute again the crop tops and even a white shirt I thought you could also wear this to work like it's kind kind of a cool workwear thing But the slit on the side makes it different and you could wear it on a night out as well That's why I love it And I like that the Missy Empire priced it better than a lot of other brands that are selling this style of item now The last item I got is kind of something that I'm obsessed with It's obviously for colder weather, but I live in England guys cold weather is like our middle name here So we get cold weather very often and it is this white Felicia jacket. Oh my god. I absolutely love it. Is it cool? Broke I can't pronounce that word or like Teddy. I don't know, but I literally love this I like that it's in white because it makes it more appropriate for spring like spring summer time I got it in a size 10 so that I could fit hoodies underneath it and stuff so that you kind of layer up and just be like a Little warm fuzzy teddy bear and I feel like this is because of the color of it I could wear this in spring time and then it's still have it in my wardrobe come at like autumn So I thought that that was kind of a wise patches on my behalf, but yeah, I absolutely love coats like this I think that they're just really funky Naomi Jenner's I don't know if you guys know her but I love her style on Instagram and she loves coats like this So I absolutely love it So that's all the clothes and next I'm gonna move on to skincare and I got my favorite skincare delivered to me So let me open this up. Can you guys guess what brand of skincare? I love so I have eczema. I have like really dry skin and but also Really oily skin in my t-zone like incredibly oily like my makeup everyone who follows me knows goes really shiny after a while So yeah, I'm really like Sensitive about the kind of skincare that I use I use a lot of like creams that aren't Like don't have sense in them so growing up I basically only used a dip for base cream which is an emollient that you guys can get from like pharmacies and stuff like that So that's what I use but recently for the past couple years. I've been using a lot of Kiehl's products So this is like what's come inside the packaging. They've sent me a ton of samples as well So yeah, I find Kiehl's products to be really good for my skin like they work really well even though I've got eczema I'm not saying that's hydrating and not too thick But also not too watery because if it's watery then it just doesn't work on my skin at all like I feel like I haven't moisturized it So that's why I absolutely love Kiehl's ultra moisturizer ultra facial cream That's what it's called. I absolutely love this one. I've got it in the 50 mil 50 mil They've got one size bigger than this as well But this is just the size that I find useful because it fits inside my makeup bag as well in case I need to throw it in my makeup bag for when I'm going to work and stuff So I absolutely love this. It feels really soft and smooth and it doesn't have a scent to it. I believe Well, I can't really smell anything So I think that that's really good because it stops any breakouts in my opinion scent inside moisturizer is not good for your skin Um, so try and avoid it where you can Um, especially like for a daily moisturizer So yeah, I try and use something that doesn't have any scent to it And this one's really good. I've been using it for a couple of years The next item also from the ultra range of Kiehl's is the ultra facial cleanser Um, I haven't tried this one before I'm gonna try it out and I'll let you guys know how I find it I was basically looking for they have this blue salicylic acid one that's good for breakouts And I wanted that one because at that point at the point that I was ordering this by the way It took a week for my delivery to come from Kiehl's because of everything that's going on Um, so yeah at the time that I was ordering this I had really like bad break broken out skin but um, actually in the past like Week or so my skin's really cleared up because I'm a bit less stressed to be honest like as in my exams are basically done I don't know about you guys, but like my health has really linked to stress And I think that it's so important to try and like relax yourself and stuff And I've been doing that a lot more often and I do feel like good weather helps my skin and helps my stress levels So my skin's been a lot better So this is I think a really good probably it says for all skin types gentle liquid formula that cleanses Without over drying or stripping the skin So I think this is like a good daily wash which is what I was looking for Whereas the salicylic acid one which comes in like a blue. It's got like a blue cap thing I think that one would be a lot more like Like you'd have to use it just when you've got breakouts because it does feel like kind kind of strong on the skin Like it is like a really strong formula because it is there to like target breakouts and stuff So yeah, I I really want to try this one. I'll let you guys know how I get along with it I'll probably film like a skincare routine at some point with these items So look out for that and the last item I got from Kiehl's again. This is a repurchase Is the color I cannot pronounce this Kiehl's calendula deep cleansing firming facial wash with calendula calendula flower extracts for normal to oily skin And this is this is meant to be for like broken out skin I remember when I went to the Kiehl's store and purchased this the first time about a year ago The lady who was there told me this is a really good daily facial wash for like Skin that has like sensitivity and is oily. So I tried this out and I really liked it This is the small travel size one. I didn't want to get I mean, it's quite big for small isn't it? It's about 75 mils and the last one that was this size that I got lasted me like a good few months. So Because I'll be kind of alternating between this and that one I didn't want to get a large one, but it's up to you guys what size you get But I like that's what I like about Kiehl's is they have smaller size ones as well So that if you want to try something out, you're not Spending a huge ton of money or something that you might hate like I think like it's good that they give you a smaller Size one that you can try out for yourself. Okay. So the last item I've got is from beauty works And that is a hair. I think it's British. I'm not sure But it's basically a hair like a company haircare company and I've been wanting this item for ages I've been umming and I'm over whether I should get it because I've seen ones from other brands that like are not as expensive as this one And this isn't like sent to me or anything. I bought it with my own money same with like the Kiehl's stuff Um, but I wanted to be sure that it's worth my money because I've seen like a dupe version Not a dupe, but I've seen like another brand mark hill I did it for like 30 pounds and this one was 70 pounds And it is basically the hair waiver So I'll take it out of the box now and show you guys it's called beauty works the waiver Um, and it looks like that basically the reason why I was really pushed towards getting it Is because they had a 10 percent off their website and then you got extra Money off for like student discounts. So it ended up coming down to like a lot cheaper like 50 something pounds So I was like, you know what? I really want to I might as well get it now that it's like got such a good offer on it And this is what it looks like So it's like a triple barrel. Um, and it's like in this white and rose gold or is it actual gold? No, it's white and bronze guys. I'm so like colorblind these days. Um, and this is the way it works So one barrel is on this side and two are on this side and then you put like your hair in between it I'm gonna see what I'm doing and then you hold it down like that and it's meant to wave your hair Um, I'm gonna try this out and you guys will probably see what my hair looks like on my instagram Once I've tried it out Um, and if I do any makeup stuff here on youtube to you guys will see it But I'm really really excited to try it out and um, see what it looks like and see what my hair comes out like But I really because I have really long and really straight hair I really find having curling tools that actually work like Hard to find because I don't know if any of you guys out there have a really straight hair too and can relay But like for me if I do a curl in my hair even if I hair spray it It will fall out like within a few hours and I will just look like Not even like poofy hair, but just like what have you done to your hair like it just looks abnormal and weird So, um, I really hope that this works and the curls stay in for me Um, so I will show you guys once it's done and because my hair is quite long I think that like a mermaid style will look really pretty Um, a vast as like normal curling irons usually aren't long enough for my hair To fit the whole thing in so this is kind of because you have to do it section by section anyway And hold it like vertically like that and do this section then next section next section I think that that's like more easier to do with long hair. So, yeah, I'm really really excited to try this So that is the end of my haul I hope that you guys enjoyed if you did then please give this video a huge thumbs up And don't forget to subscribe to be down below leave me a comment down below Let me know what items you guys liked from this haul if there's anything that you guys have your eye on Even if it's not in this haul, let me know I mean, I am giving in to temptation and buying the things that I really Have been wanting like you guys can see so yeah, let me know if you guys are the same right now And I know it's a tough time, but feel free to come to my channel for some positivity And have a chat with me in my dms on insta if you guys are ever feeling down I will always try and be there for you. Love you guys. Bye


Good morning. Welcome to morning prayer from the heart of our city in Kalamazoo where we are crying out to the heart of God Asking him seeking him to move on our behalf for him to heal for him to restore for him to do that Which only he can do This morning as I was preparing my heart. I was reminded of what the psalmist said in Psalm 122 when he said I Was glad when they said to me let us go back Let us return. Let us go to the house Let us go into the house of our Lord and as I began to reflect upon that I was my heart immediately just Turned the pages if you will just a few chapters back to Psalm 100 When Psalm 100 the psalmist says make a joyful noise to the Lord all the earth Serve the Lord with gladness come into his presence with singing Know that the Lord he is God. It is he who made us and we are his We are his people the sheep of his pasture Enter his gates with thanksgiving in his courts with praise give thanks to him bless his name For he the Lord is good his steadfast love endures forever and his faithfulness to all Generations I want us this morning with the posture of Psalm 122 of us picturing ourselves and putting ourselves into the very presence of God seeing ourselves being glad to enter into his presence I want us to Picture ourselves doing that to see ourselves doing that actually to put some 100 with that perspective I want us to put some 100 into practice. I want us to make a joyful noise and from the joyful noise See to service unto our God for he is good. He is so Incredibly good. And so the way that we do this is is is verse four. We enter in with thanksgiving We enter into his into his gates with thanksgiving in his courts with praise and so right now I just want us to with our voices With gladness reflect with the with the reflection of gladness on our hearts Just begin to thank him for his goodness Begin to with your voice Thank him for his goodness. Thank for how good he has been Jesus we thank you You are so good. We bless you lord ball's incredibly short about good. You truly are lord, but We lavish you with thanksgiving Thank you for the breath in our lungs for the roof over our head That transcends everything that I have a tendency to mess up. Thank you for your mercy Thank you for your goodness All of our attention every single ounce of our affection Jesus you are worthy So lord right now we lay aside the distractions We lay aside the schedule that we have to go into today the meetings The work we say Jesus you are worthy worthy lord of every thought Of every desire lord, you are worthy Of all of our attention all of our affection Jesus you are worthy I have this picture as we're singing of his feet and then the reality hit me of Often we desire The hands of Jesus, but we despise the feet of Jesus Meaning we want him to bless us and hand us the things that we want and need but We actually have become despised the feet meaning just sitting at his feet and worshiping him Jesus we repent Of desiring your hands with despising your feet So we posture ourselves right now and we say Jesus you are worthy And here we are With all of our attention with all of our affection With all of our plans with all of our agendas with all of our desires here We are and we are just here to worship you lord Because you are worthy of it all At your feet this morning regardless of where you find yourself right now I just want to ask the team just to Minister to the lord with their instruments And as they are doing so I I just feel led by the lord for each of us With our vocabulary Hey lord here. I am here. I am I just want to be with you just confess that Just say that to the lord Just want to minister into his heart right now Hearing his children cry out Ministers to his heart We just want to be with you or we just want to be with you worthy lord Just as it is in heaven and we say you are holy We say you are worthy. We love you lord Just with his name sweetness of his name the goodness of his name The holiness of his name the mornings I had An agenda that I wanted to pray through and that I felt led to pray through and right now I'm just overwhelmed with the name of Jesus and that that agenda Was thrown to the side And I'm reminded of the apostle paul's words in polypians 2 When he said complete my joy By being of the same mind having the same love Being in full accord and of one mind I say I'm reminded of that because lavishing Jesus with our love and our attention and all of our affection It fulfills What the apostle paul was kidding at So jesus right now we just say we love you Then enough Lord would you not just shake us with the reality of how good you are but when you shatter us With the reality of how good you are When we say the name of jesus that we truly shake We would not read isaias 6 and marvel at a moment That took place with isaias and not realize that you want it with us That you want us to say woe to me i am ruined anxious to say say here i am or we even say send me to the next moment or the next thing or the next trip or the next Spiritual high play ourselves say you're being jesus and say here we are jesus and marvel at the beauty of pians 2 verse 9 Says therefore God has highly exalted him being jesus and bestowed on him the name That is that is that is Above every name so that at the name of jesus every knee should bow In heaven and under earth And every tongue confess That jesus christ is lord to the glory Of god the father jesus from the heart of our city We speak your name And we say we love you jesus and we pray that the sound that is reverberating off of our vocal cords and Coming from our mouths and from our lips lord god would be a sweet sound to your ear and lord right now We just pray for our city lord. We want our city to know you We want kalamazoo to know you we want portage to know you We want plain well out seago richland Augusta galesburg battle creek three rivers vicksburg to know you lord In this hour of confusion lord Would you shine a bright light from the balcony of heaven would you shine down upon us lord? Would you open up the eyes of the blind? in our city That many would come and confess that you are lord That many would join this song Saying oh, I love you lord That many would lift up their voice And that many Would join together as a choir here on earth as it is in heaven I love you lord singing holy holy Singing worthy and we do not say that or sing this out of vain repetition, but lord we pour out our hearts Our love for you just like the woman Who lavished you and the disciples didn't understand it lord god We lavish you with our praise and our adoration and our exaltation You are worthy lord and we love you to want to leave your feet Your feet and we want to stay here and we want others to join us at your feet So lord, I pray that on this day the prodigals return home The sick are healed that the broken are repaired We want many to know We want many to confess Your name the name that is above all names And we love you. Jesus.  We love you. We thank you for this day that you have made We go into the rest of it Choosing to rejoice and choosing to be glad in it Jesus name. Amen. Thank you for joining us this morning. I want to encourage us to continue to sit at his feet and not Just blow past this onto the next thing and onto the next agenda We'll be back here in the prayer room at 12 and at 6 30 tonight We'll be back in the live stream tomorrow morning. We will see you then have a blessed day


Hello everybody, E here, back again with another audiobook review. I am slowly kind of not really weaning myself, not weaning myself all, but I'm slowly getting back into reading, but this is my fourth audiobook in a row. I've just been blowing through them and today we are talking about Optic Nerve by Maria Gaines. This is an odd book to talk about because not a whole lot goes on in like the present tense in this book. Where this book really shines is the historical aspect of it. Gaines goes through several different points in history, several different cultures. There is a very heavy Argentinian art history, it goes into Japanese history, all different kinds of stuff. And while there's not too much going on in the present time in the book, because she keeps flashing back to what happened to all these artists that she admires and appreciates, while there's not much going on, I was utterly captivated by all of the history, all the other culture stuff, I had a tremendous amount of fun learning about these artists. The narrator, now here's one of the issues that I might have had with the book had it not been for the fascinating historical content. I didn't really get too much as far as the narrator was concerned and as far as the rest of the characters, I've just finished it this morning and I've completely blanked on any of their names. Now I can go and I can look it up, but I feel that would be dishonest. So while I didn't get a strong sense of character, it was almost as if I was reading a very intriguing, and it's going to sound bad, but text book, book on history, whatever you want to call it, a narrative nonfiction is what it felt like. Now that's not the case, the book is fiction. It hops back and forth very interestingly. Some of the one, certain sections are some of the best second person point of view writing that I've read. The last time I read Good Second Person was Kea Wilson's We Eat Our Own, and that was pretty much built just like this one. There's third person, there is first person, and there's second person, Kea Wilson's book is the same. The big difference here is Kea Wilson's is kind of like a horror, literary horror. This one is just literary fiction. I enjoyed every part of this. I will be honest, I was playing Animal Crossing, but I've been playing Animal Crossing with all of my, all the audiobooks. It's really easy to get into that game, especially once you know it. It's really easy to put on an audiobook and just kind of get lost in fishing or whatever you need to do to get your nook miles points.  Let me know down there in the doobly-doo. I already got several friends and if you want to leave your switch code or send me your switch code on Twitter in a DM or an email, that's fine. My email address is edwardlornatgmail.com, so hit me up there. Just give me your switch friend code or I'll send you mine. It doesn't matter. But anyways, back to this book. I can't really, I'm struggling to try and find something, some kind of criticism, but I can't really find it. I shouldn't have liked it because the characters didn't, I didn't connect with them, which was the problem that I had with David Saloi's book that, you know, I shouldn't have liked it for that reason. I shouldn't have liked it because I don't like second person POV writing and I don't care too much for historical fiction. But as with Andrew Davidson's The Gargoyle, the historical stuff in this one is done so extremely well. In fact, I went back and I looked up several of the things that she talks about and they all actually happened or these people actually existed, so on and so forth. There was a war that I can't remember is like the triple something war that I had never even heard of. And that's a lot of where, that's, like I said, that's exactly where this book shines is the fact that she made, she made learning interesting for me anyways. If you're looking for a plot heavy character heavy story, this probably isn't for you. The present stuff where you're actually going around with a narrator is fun and it's interesting, but it's, you don't really get a feel for the character, at least I didn't. But I'm going to give it five stars based solely on the fact that I did enjoy it and she made stuff that usually bores me really, really enjoyable. So have you read Optic Nerve? I'd love to hear what you think, thought about it down there in the doobly-doo. If you liked it, tell me why you liked it. If you hated it, disliked it, felt meh, tell me why. We can't have a discussion unless you give me more input. But until next time, I have an E, you have an U, and this has been another book review, audio book review, whatever you want to call it, and I'll talk to you guys next time. Bye-bye!


The government of St. Lucia has announced the enactment of the new Public Debt Management Act 2023, which took effect on April 1, 2024. Deputy Director of Finance with responsibility for debt and investment in the Department of Finance, Vera John Emmanuel, pointed out that this landmark legislation consolidates and modernizes laws to strengthen the management of public debt, ensure prudent, boring practices and sustainable fiscal management. The new Act replaces the National Savings and Development Bond Act and the Treasury Bill Act. So no longer we will be raising our bonds through Parliament utilizing those two pieces of legislation, particularly the NSDB Act. This legislation also brings forth to instill greater transparency and accountability as it pertains to public debt management. It requires government to report to Parliament in terms of the medium-term debt strategy, also providing audiences with what the approved borrowings was and how the debt management unit went on to contract those debts, the terms and so forth. So much greater transparency will be coming into the Parliament through that piece of legislation. Emmanuel noted that the legislation also calls for the establishment of a public debt management advisory committee. That committee will be reviewing all borrowings and advising the Minister of Finance and the Cabinet on the way forward in terms of the borrowings. The mandate of the Debt and Investment Unit is to provide funding for the budget through loans, bonds and Treasury bills. So when you go through that piece of legislation, it will tell you about raising government firms at a minimum cost subject to a prudent degree of risk. Though we took some parts from the past legislation to incorporate in this one, this piece of legislation has added much more features. It has coverage, more coverage like overdrafts and payables was not part of government debt stock before. Right now with this piece of legislation we will be including the payables in the government debt and debt stock. The key provisions of the Public Debt Management Act include transparency and accountability, debt sustainability, risk management, effective debt management practices and a strengthened institutional framework. The Debt and Investment Unit encourages stakeholders and the public to peruse the legislation which can be found on the websites of the Government of St. Lucia, the Ministry of Finance and the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank's website. For the National Competitiveness and Productivity Council, Glenn Simon reporting.


Felly yna hwyl hwyl ni'r Cwmianol ag yr unws y tro canfa, ac mae hwn yn gweithio gyda hwnnw y gallwn gwirionedd Erin Cwb, yn ymateb gyda'r Unifredd. Ac pawb i'n mynd i bod i'n gweithio yma yn y Cymru, gan unrhyw uned, yn y Ffrogell, dweud yn y gyflwytoedd yng Nghymru atheni. Felly fel rydyn ni, mae'n sefylliant â'r Cymru. Ond mae'r hadd yn rhanio Gwyrdd Caite, ac yn ddechrau'r Ffondiol yng Nghymru yn cael ei ddweud i'r gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'n ddod oedd y ddod o'r ddod o'r Unedigedd Unedigedd, yn ddod o'r ECRC. Mae'r projec yn ymwneud yn october 2016 ac yn ddod o'r ddod o'r ddod o'r ddod o'r unedigedd yn ymddangos 2018. Rwy'n bod nhw wedi cael fy defnyddio chi'n ddod o'r ddod o'r unedigedd, yw'r bobbyn rhonodau. Mae'r South Africa ti a'r sefyllfa'r arbennig mae hynny, ac mae'n cael ei ddod o'r ddod o'r ddod o'r unedigedd sy'n oed o'r gweithio mae'n ddod o'r unedigedd, er mewn siŵr i'r gyfrifiadau nhw'n arran yn gweithio'r projec. Tau yr enw o gymaint tro osfodd ac mae'r hyn yn fy coni tarrim yn ei cael eu gwneud y maesfynau, cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyffredig. Mae'r projec ffocws o gweithio digital â'r cyfnodd cyfnodd. Yn ymgylchedd ymgylchedd ymwybodol o'r tyfnwyr yn holl ei gyfnodd a'r cyfnodd a'r cyfnodd cyfnodd eich bod yn rhywbeth o'r cyfnodd cyfnodd ymgylchedd, o wneud cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cofnodd cyfnodd. Rwy'n cael ei ddweud a'r rydyn ni'n ei wneud ar gyfer yr ystod, fel ydych chi'n ddefnyddio ar y markediaethau. Mae'r gwrth o ymddiol i ysgrifennu hwnnw, os yw'r wrthgrifennu bwyd, ond yn y sgwrwm hanfodol yma, sy'n ei ddefnyddio ar y 30 ymddiol, ac mae'n gweithio'r cyfrifiad gwaith yn 2008, ond ond mae'n gweithio'r cyfrifiad gwaith gwaith. ac mae'n ddweud o'r rhan o gael y ddweud o'r fawr o gael rhyngwbeth. A un o ddweud o'r fawr o bwysig o'r fawr o'r fawr i'w ddweud, i ddweud o'r fawr o gael o'r 9,000 o'r pwysig yn Ysgrifennu, ac yn South Africa mae'r fawr o'r 9% per y year yn y perioed 2010-2017. A ddim yn gyweithio, ymylio, y universityll o'r perioedau yn gallu gweld ei wneud. A'r rhan o'r cyfrifennu o'r fawr o'r gael o'r fawr, mae'r graf, y ffordd, ac mae'r gweithio'r hwn ar y cyflwg. Mae'r cyflwg private yn gweithio'n gobeithio'r ystafellau mewn cyfieithbryd i'r Llyfrgellau Hwy. Rhywodol cyflwyno ddweud? Rhywodol cyflwyno ddweud, mae'n gweithio'n cyflwyno'n gweithio a'r gair a'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio, ac mae'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae'r gweithio'n gweithio ac mae'n bynnag arweithio'n gweithio. Mae'r eich edrych yn ymdianol i'r ddod 12 billion a sy'n dechrau'r ddugol yn y ddaw'r yma yma. Mae'r eich ddangos mwy o ddweudio'r cyllideb yn dweudio cyfnodau, yn ystod y fawr, yn dweudio'r oedol, cymdeithasol, ac yn ddweudio'r unig o'r holl ddweudio'r ddweudio'r cyllideb yn ymdianol. Mae'r ddweudio'r cyllideb yn ddweudio'r cyllideb yn dweudio'r cyllideb yn dweudio'r cyllideb. Rydyn ni'n gwneud y gweithio bod digital technolig yn fawr i'w prifysgol yn ymwg. Mae'r ffawr yn fawr yn gweithio'r cyllid yn y gweithio'r platform global, fel Coursera, Future Learn i edrych.  Yn ymgyrch yn gwneud y prifysgau edrych gyda'r eich rydyn ni, yw'r ysgrifennu hwnnw i ddod i'ch prifysgau ar gyfer ei ddod i ddod i ddod i'r prifysgau ar gyfer y cyfrifiadau ar gyfer y prifysgau o'r model papyr modul ar gyfer y cwmdeithasol, i'r cyfrifio ar gyfer y ddechrau, i'r ddweud o'r unig oedd o'r unig, i'r cyfrifio ar gyfer y ddechrau. Ac mae'n taron yn gweithio'r map yng Nghymru, mae'n gwneud y gweithio'r prifysgau o'r bwngwnddol yn y Unig. Y cyfrifio'r projectau yw'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio'r bwngwnddol? A'n ddweud y bwngwnddol, y cyfrifio'r cyfrifio'r meddwl i yr ydw i'r gweithio. Yng nghyrch ddwylltion rhan o'r dweud oedd yr ydw i'r meddwl llaw gennon o'r mergau. Y rhan o'r meddwl llaw oho yn ymgyrch. Mae'r freiddoedd yn South Africa i Anglennidol a'r Acraedd, ac yna'r pryd yn gwrs o'r treu. Y rethwm y meddwl llaw o'r meddwl llaw o'r meddwl a'r techno cyllidegrun i ddechrau mewn meddwl llaw o'r meddwl llaw. Fe wnaeth y tŷ, a'r pleidydd i gydag, ondwys, onddwyd, a swyddog. And what is the nature of educational provision currently available in the UK and the South African Higher Education at the intersection of those three aspects? So in order to answer these questions, we carried out a range of different data collection with a range of stakeholders. So we carried out interviews with policy makers, ed tech developers, higher education leaders and private company CEOs. We also held focus group with academics, those people who were using those provision for teaching and learning every day. And then we carried out surveys with students to find out whether students were aware of this provision and what they thought of the potential use of it in the future. We also used desk research to look at the relationship between universities and private companies. And that's where the data from that is used to make maps and that is what Terin is now going to talk about. So part of our project involves creating maps to present the partnering of private companies with public universities to offer online education and bundled, re-bundled or online programmes. And this just gives a bit about the theoretical underpinning of this. Social cartography specifically involves the mapping of ideologies, but it's the premises of social cartography that provide a rationale for visualisation techniques. In this case, so for insights into relational trends across the context and for large amounts of data to be explored simultaneously. So what has become recognised as a subset of social cartography is tactical cartography, which involves creating interactive maps usually using digital tools or digital software. So our tactic or strategy involved designing the maps using our theoretical framework that Bronwyn briefly explored to inform the scope, visual features and clustering options in order to reveal patterns for analysis. So for example, Bronwyn spoke about marketisation, so in a theory around market making in the higher education sector. And there's exploration of the dynamics of ranking and brands of institutions and this is visually represented on our maps by including data from the times higher education ranks, the historical status of the institutions and university membership groups. So just a little bit of the literature, the connections between public higher education and the corporate sector for research, employment, outsourcing, services offered in partnership and various other models of academy industry relationships are well documented. And in 2001 Anderson suggested that more expansive views of these interconnections be captured particularly through visualisation techniques and using social network theories. I'm in a number of authors have contributed to the space as well as a number of blog posts that have specifically spoken about online programme management providers in the landscape. How, what business models they use and what type of certificates or degree they're providing. So the maps were made at the beginning of this year and then updated last month. And everything on the maps was sourced from the public domain, from distance education websites, the university websites, the partner, partnering private company websites and pressure leases in the media. The basic elements that you'll see on the maps of circles and squares and arrows and the circles represent the universities, squares represent the private companies which I will refer to as OPMs and OPM stands for online programme management providers. For example companies like Pearson do academic partnerships who provide a variety of services to do with managing online programmes such as market research, enrolment management, student retention and sometimes technical support. And new providers offer a digital platform to host university content but some new providers are also diversifying their services to become more like OPMs. So this discourse is debated but for the purpose of this presentation I'm going to use the umbrella term OPMs to refer to these private companies bearing in mind that the services range from a digital platform to different managerial services. OK, so we have used shapes, sizes, colours, borders and clusters to represent different features or characteristics of the institutions and companies in the terrain. And we've done it all on an open source platform called CUM, which is a data visualisation specifically for relationship data. So I'm going to show you one or two of the South African maps, their static images from the interactive platform and from there we'll move on to the UK mapping which is more the focus of this session and I'll show you that on the interactive platform. And just so you know the maps and the underlying data will be made available at the end of our project. So this is a mapping of the relationship, as you can see, between the public universities and private companies, OPMs, in the South African space. So the circles represent the universities, they are scaled according to the number of students enrolled in each institution. The borders around them represent the historical status of each institution. And this system of differentiation is quite debated and criticised for embedding historical disparities from the apartheid era in South Africa into today's discourse. But it is still used in policy documents, especially around funding models. So the dark borders represent the historically advantaged institutions that were privileged during the apartheid era. The thin light borders represent the historically advantaged institutions with historically disadvantaged sites that came about as a result of mergers after apartheid. And the thicker light grey borders of the historically disadvantaged institutions, mainly located in poor rural areas, and institutions without borders are new in the terrain. So the connections between squares, which are the OPMs and circles, are also calicoated according to what type of teaching and learning is provided through that partnership. So what we see here is the pattern shows that the OPMs work predominantly with a specific type of institution. Research intensive historically advantaged institutions. The two exceptions are comprehensive or more teaching focused institution and a research intensive institution that are both historically advantaged institutions with historically disadvantaged sites. This distinction becomes clearer when we look at which research intensive institutions do not have any partnerships and they are all predominantly historically disadvantaged institutions. So this is the same elements on the map just clustered in a different way. This is clustered according to the Times Higher Education Rank. Well rankings in the three highest ranked universities in South Africa, there are only three in the top 400 in the world, are collectively partnered with all nine of the private companies currently active in the terrain. So now I'm going to move on to the interactive platform. So this is the UK terrain and you can see it's a lot busier, a lot more universities in the UK. So we have 166 UK public universities represented by the circles, colour coded according to membership groups. Russell group, Guild HE million plus the former 94 group which disbanded in 2013. University Alliance and those that are not aligned with any specific membership group. They also scaled according to the size, according to the number of students enrolled at each institution. And they are 21 OPMs active in the terrain and they're represented by the squares, colour coded according to which country in which they're established and scaled according to the number of employees as a proxy for size of the company. So I'll take you through a few points of points of interest that spark discussion for our research team. So if we use the interactive techniques to highlight the Russell group universities, almost all the Russell group universities that's 22 out of 24 of them partner with at least one OPM to offer either MOOCs or online programs. And that's specifically what we're looking at in these connections, MOOCs and online programs. We're not looking at short online courses in this map. Also, almost all former 94 group universities 12 of 14 partner with one or more OPM. And then when we go to those that are not aligned with any brand or membership group, less than a third of those universities partner with an OPM. So we see a pattern around the university's external brands and partnering with OPMs that are active in the terrain. Another option for clustering is the Times High Educational Rank, same as in the South African maps. And again, if we look at those that are not ranked, the majority of them also do not partner. There are some that do partner, but the majority do not. And same in the lower ranked universities, there are partnerships there, but it's not as dense as when we go to those in the top 300 in the world, which are, it's dominated by the Russell Group and the former 94. And that's where we see most of the partnering happening in the terrain. So next we're going to have a look at individual institutions and as examples of how this trend is unfolding. And we'll also look at how we can use the interactive tools to sort of unpack the underlying features of each institution. First, we have King's College. And they are typical of the pattern we've seen emerge. They are a Russell Group university. They are ranked in the top 136th in the world. They partner with three companies to provide online programs and one to provide MOOCs. And we have included the number of MOOCs and online programs that they are currently actively providing. So this is typical of what we see, the trend we see in the terrain. The next example is an institution that is atypical of the trends we're seeing. The University of Cambridge doesn't partner with any OPMs. It is also a Russell Group university. It is ranked in the top 100, second in the world. And it does not offer any MOOCs or any full online programs, degrees. And this could be for a number of reasons. We've discussed perhaps the high status, the high demand is already there. They don't want to dilute the brand. Perhaps their teaching model is more seminars, but maybe that's something some of you all have ideas about afterwards. Why perhaps this is why the University of Cambridge is not partnering with the trend of other Russell Group universities. Our next example again fits with the trend, the University of Lincoln. It is not aligned with any membership group. It is ranked quite low between 600 and 800 in the world rankings. It does not offer any MOOCs. It does offer a couple of honours degrees online, top-up degrees, but not through any partnerships with OPMs. And our final example is another exception to the trend, and that's Coventry University. And Coventry is part of University Alliance, which is a membership group which represents institutions that specialise in technical and professional education. Coventry is not in the top universities ranked in the world. It's between 601 and 800, according to the times higher education rank. But we see that it partners with FutureLearn, and you can see by the colour of the arrow, it partners with FutureLearn to provide MOOCs and online programmes, full online degrees. And Coventry at the moment is the only UK university providing those full online degrees with FutureLearn at the moment. This is a snapshot from last month. And the other universities partnering with FutureLearn for that are Australian universities. So Coventry has been quite active in terms of teaching and learning provision in the UK. So they offer fully online programmes with FutureLearn that can be taken module by module on a page-a-go basis. And you have the option to take the MOOCs on FutureLearn and use those MOOC credits towards a full degree. As we have showed you at the beginning, our desk research was only one phase of data collection. And we have used the maps to contextualise some of the evidence that we have collected through our other data collection phases through the interviews, focus groups and surveys. But what we have hoped to illustrate in this very short time is how we have used the interactive mapping techniques to gain this panoramic view in two places, two national spaces. And how we've weaved our conceptual framework of unbundling mobilisation and digital technology into visualisation through the visualisation features and interactive clustering tools. Thank you. Thank you. So we're ready for, we've got a few minutes for questions. I've noticed the question of why are they moving around? People want to know why the map moves. Okay. So this also has the social network analysis capabilities. And what that does is try to find like points of power. So it will try and sort of jiggle them around and show you where a point of power is. Now we're not really looking at those measures in this project, but the reason it sort of jiggles like close to FutureLearn is because FutureLearn partners with almost 40 institutions. So that's a point of sort of power. So it jiggles around that point of power. It's sort of like a, it's called gravity on the software and you can change the amount of gravity. That's what makes it jiggle. But it's just also fun. Yes. You knew we wanted to, like I had said, you weave our conceptual framework into these maps. And a lot of social network analysis mapping software is for very big data sets so that you kind of just see these little nodes and lines and that kind of thing. And our data sets weren't that big. We wanted to see individual things. So what was important when choosing the software was the decorative features so that we could use colour and borders and that kind of thing. So that's why we chose Qoomoot because although it does have the social network analysis capabilities, you can run the metrics on it. It was just, it was a good option in terms of four small data sets having those very strong decorative features. And I'd just like to add to that that when we carried out the interviews, that was where we came across CEOs of private companies saying we want to partner with the top 200 universities in the world. And so that's where we started looking at ranking and types of university. So it was something that had come out of the earlier data collection that meant that that was the focus of how to put the variables into the mapping. Interested to get your, I appreciate it's not the kind of focus of your research but to get your insight into whether you think this is a trend in terms of partnering with commercial organisations which is still growing and kind of where it is, is it something which you perceive that is mature or is it immature that if you did this in five years time would you expect to see all of those unaligned institutions find a commercial partner? I think it's certainly immature and we know that from the earlier maps that when we created the mapping at the beginning of the year it's changed already. So for example in the South Africa mapping the University of Cape Town had no distant students but they were creating provision that you thought might be for distant students and now they've got some distant students. But in terms of leaving those non-aligned universities behind I think that's a real risk. I think that yes this will mature and in five years time the landscape might look very different but to what extent that will bring in all the universities I don't know this could really leave some universities behind. There are some universities especially with those universities that perhaps didn't fall into the higher rankings, whether there was a desire by those institutions to engage in partnering and if they actually saw any particular barriers to that or whether they were comfortable in going to Commons to stay where they were and not partner and just to call her and for it. What we actually found from the interviews was that the more high ranking universities were almost saying we're fed up with people knocking on the door, we're fed up with getting emails, we're fed up with people ringing this up. But then you would get the much lower ranked universities saying nobody wants to partner with us, we would love to develop this sort of provision and we were at an event yesterday where somebody said this sort of provision needs a disproportionate amount of funding at the beginning and the lower ranked universities just don't have that amount of money so if a private company doesn't come and help them do this they can't do it and so I'm not saying every university wants to do it but there are certainly universities that are not being approached that would like to start developing this sort of provision. If you had to pick just one, what is the most important conclusion from this work? I think we're still working on that but I think it's the private providers and private providers are really keen to work with universities that enhance their brand that they don't just get the business, they get the association with the high ranking universities. I saw another question which was easy that I'll take. The software is called Kumu, K-U-M-U. So I'll just do one more question before we finish. Another variable which would be interesting is the size of the ed tech team at those institutions to see if that has an impact. That's interesting because at another presentation somebody said well why aren't institutions putting ed tech teams together to do this themselves and I think that means you've got to have the resource to do that and you've got to have the skills within people who already work at that institution or be able to set up a team and when the digital education service at Leeds started they had three or four and now they're into 40, 50, 60 because the universities decided to allocate resources to that and I think it would be really interesting to look at that and we are really interested in other people's views of what variables we haven't captured on these maps so I think yes and I think you would find that the higher ranked universities with more money would have bigger ed tech teams. That has come up in discussion and I introduced the sort of dilemma of build or buy and whether that is possible or not or to purchase or partner and arrange between that spectrum of purchasing and partnering building or buy. Thank you. We'll leave it there and we are around all afternoon if anybody wants to come talk to us. Thank you.