Hello everyone. Good morning, good afternoon, and good evening. On behalf of the World Economic Forum, I'd like to thank you all for joining us for our first-ever virtual sustainable development impacts summit. I'd also like to thank you for joining us for this session and your interest in the topic of ESG and corporate governance. My name is Mahal Toghi. I head the investors industries here at the forum. I also lead our work on the platform of shaping the future of investing, and some of you may have seen that earlier this week we launched a paper titled Measuring Stakeholder Capitalism, which represents the culmination of a year-long initiative on identifying universal ESG metrics and disclosures for all companies to report on to demonstrate how they generate value over the long term. This was a collaboration with our partners Bank of America, Deloitte, EY, KPMG, and PWC, and many of our corporate partners who some of whom are in this meeting today. We've also been leading a collaboration with Baker McKenzie on the topic of corporate governance and the future of corporation and how companies are actually taking these ESG principles and other factors and incorporating them into their strategies and operations, which is a big part of what we're talking about or is what we're talking about today. How do we actually take these principles and make them part of our business practices? I am thrilled to have Professor Klaus Schwab with us this morning to introduce this session. Before I hand over to him though, I'd like to just do a couple of points on housekeeping. This session is being divided in two parts. The first part is actually a live stream panel and then the second part is an interactive discussion. For those of you who'll be staying with us for the interactive discussion, please, we'd like to engage in the conversation in all the ways that we have learned to do over these past six months on Zoom. Then for those of you who will not be staying with us, if you'd like to learn more on the work that we're doing on ESG or governance, you can contact us at esgmetricsatweforum.org. Without further ado, I will hand over to Professor Klaus Schwab to introduce us. Thank you very much, Maha. It's a very important session today because it follows the publication, as you said, of the ESG metrics and as you have seen, those metrics were picked up by the media quite substantially. I would like to thank here and I know a number of our IBC members, international business council members have joined us. It was a great work led particularly by Brian Monian and of course for audit companies and you, Maha, you contributed substantially to it. I just want to remind you to be very short. We talk not just about metrics here and adding something to the reporting process. We are talking about the substantial shift which is taking place, which is the transition of an economy which is more based on shareholders' value to an economy which is more based on stakeholder responsibility. The metrics are walking the talk. To add, I would say, a concrete dimension to the stakeholder responsibility. I also would like to mention that this work is part of our great reset initiative. The World Economic Forum at the moment is mobilizing all its communities, also in preparation of our annual meeting in 2021 related to the definition and design of policies which we have to follow in the post-corona era. We all know we need to make the world more resilient, more inclusive and more sustainable. So the stakeholder concept and particularly the ESGs are a very important part of getting business involved. What I'm particularly proud of in the case of the development of those ESG metrics is that the initiative came from business, from our 100 plus CEOs. It was not something, let's say, imposed on business. Business itself took on the responsibility to define how could the reporting process and the measuring process and the reporting process structured in a way which gives better impression to stakeholder responsibility. Thank you and I would like now to pass on the responsibility for our discussion to you, Beatrix, those floor is yours. Thank you very much Klaus. I'm delighted to be here with all of you today and to add my welcome to all participants to the session. I'm thrilled to have four wonderful speakers with me today who have kindly agreed to share their insights with us. I'll briefly introduce then Manvinder Vindi, Singh Banga, who's a senior partner at Clayton, Dabilie and Rice, Julie Kitcher, who's executive VP at Airbus, Geraldine Matchett, whose co-CEO Royal DSM and Amy Weaver, president and chief legal officer at Salesforce. So as Klaus has said we've all been hearing the ESG drumbeat that has risen into the boardrooms across our global village. What were once minority voices then turned into market voices. What we are seeing now is that these voices have become market forces. Profit and purpose can be bedfellows, engaging with your stakeholders is good for business. Measuring and reporting the impacts of stakeholder engagement in a common language and to global standards has become an imperative. You've just heard about progress in this regard announced earlier this week. In the session we would like to discuss what good stakeholder governance might look like. How boards can ensure that they bring the voice of planet and of society that is customers, suppliers, employees, communities, right into the boardroom. How can these forces inform a company's purpose and strategy ensure effective decision making across the organization? How can shareholder and company interactions become centered on long term value creation? The need to answer all these how questions has become more urgent as a result of the pandemic. We can all sense that ESG, the importance of taking into account the voice of stakeholders, is not a one night wonder. The session is divided into three parts. A panel to discuss practical approaches to stakeholder governance. Then we will break out into zoom rooms to share and discuss the stakeholder governance journey and organizations and then we will regroup and discuss what we learned. But first we would like to conduct a quick poll to get a sense where the room feels the organization is in the stakeholder governance maturity pathway. So if I could call up the poll what we would like to ask you is how would you describe your organization's adoption of stakeholder governance and ESG metrics? Is it ad hoc? Is it functionally driven? Is it strategically driven? Or is it culturally driven? And imagine a curve going upwards on each of those. So if you could quickly submit your answers, that would be great. Let's see where we come out. Looking for the results? Maybe it was a difficult question. Very interesting. Good I guess because more than half feel it's either strategically driven or culturally driven. Obviously where we all want to end up is up in that in that half ideally in the top quadrant. So now let me turn to our panelists as there are a couple of questions we would like each of you to turn your attention to in particular from the perspectives of your organizations. The first question I would like to invite the panel to address is what do you believe are the three essential ingredients for impactful stakeholder governance and how is a maturing ESG ecosystem affected those beliefs? Amy, may I start with you? Sure. I'd be happy to address that. And good morning everyone from Utah. Delighted to be here today. So I think in terms of the three ingredients that have been most critical at Salesforce, the first is really building ESG into our DNA. So when the company was founded in 1999, along with founding a company, they immediately adopted a new way of doing business which we called 111. And it was a commitment that 1% of the equity 1% of employee time and 1% of our products would always go to good causes. Now there were only four employees there was no product at that point and the equity wasn't worth anything. But it was built into our DNA. And 21 years later, that has added up to more than $350 million in grants, five million hours of employee volunteer time. And we have over 50,000 nonprofits running on our platform for either free or discounted amounts. It all comes back to that initial decision to make it part of our DNA. I think over time, the next critical point came around 2015. When we really started using our platform for good and realizing that we could influence social policy, whether that was through standing up for our employees and our community's rights in Indiana in 2015 or taking a stand for corporate taxes to help support homelessness services in San Francisco. More recently, we started accounting, holding ourselves accountable by filing key performance indicators in our SEC filings and also publishing a stakeholder impact report. I was very excited to see the World Economic Forum endorsing new standards, which I think is going to make it easier for all companies to hold themselves accountable as well. Vindi, may I ask your perspectives from the private equity angle? Certainly. Good afternoon, everybody from London. Delighted to be here. What are the three things that are absolutely crucial? I think the first of those is focus. It's really important to realize that ESG is a long journey. The issues involved are very complex. Many, many parties involved, and they require a lot of commitment and consistent effort to drive positive change. And therefore, to make an impact, you have to focus. And the leadership will need to think about the handful of things they are going to pick, because actually everything, the long list looks great. You want to do everything, but you've got to pick the few things that are really going to drive value for your particular company. Pick them from the point of view of risk, but importantly also pick them from the point of view of opportunity. To the point Klaus just spoke about earlier, we all know that you get what you measure, and therefore it's really important to pick the few things and then have clear measures. Now measurement is hard, and I think the recent metrics that have come from the forum will be hugely beneficial to actually pick those few and then measure progress. So that's the first point. Get started. It's a long journey. Pick a few things and keep moving. The second, I would articulate, is try to make sure that ESG is a genuine part of your leadership process. It can't be run separately from the real business. It can't be sort of a separate group or a separate department within the company or organization. All the agreed ESG priorities have to be woven completely into the business plan. And if you think about it for a moment, that's obvious, except you don't see it happening in many, many organizations that I come across. If you want to take action across your supply chain, by definition your procurement people have to do it, not the ESG group. If you want to actually reduce waste and emissions, your product development people, your factories, they're the people who have to get involved and sort it out. If you want to focus on diversity, well, it's got to become part of the selection process. Everyone involved in it is got to understand how to change onboarding, etc, etc, etc. So it's got to be integrated into the way you run and lead your day to day company. It's not something you review from time to time at either ESG or board meetings. The third point I would articulate, it truly is culture. You have to believe that ESG creates value. Now if you stand back from it, it does. We know that environment, the e-part is about doing more with less. And if you're able to do that over time, that will surely create value. As far as S, the whole point of our stakeholders, we know that if your employee is actually happier, that person's got to be more productive. If the employee force is healthier, they're going to be more productive. And therefore, I think again there you can see the link between these words ESG and actual real value creation. Now how do you build that? You build that by leading from the top. The whole organization always watches the leader very carefully and watches the board extremely carefully. So small things make a huge difference around what I've been saying earlier. Is it actually on the agenda at every key leadership meeting? Are the measures we're talked about relevant to compensation? Do they matter? Are people who are actually genuine believers in ESG and the purpose of the business, do they get rewarded? So culture is built over a long period of time with lots and lots of effort. One mistake can destroy it. So those are my three points, I guess. Focus, making sure it's part of the leadership process and building a ESG culture, a governance stakeholder governance culture. No, those are great insights, Vindi. Thank you. And I'd like to turn to you, Julie, although in Toulouse, how is Airbus facing these challenges? Thank you, Beatrice. It's really a pleasure to be here with you today. So over the last six months, we at Airbus have obviously been focusing on the navigating the gravest crisis to hit our industry. And we've been doing it in collaboration with our partners, customers, suppliers, governments and others. And I think in so doing, our stakeholder governance has probably taken on a new dimension. So the three key ingredients, which I think have driven really positive outcomes. Firstly, having a shared sense of purpose. Actually, I believe we're very fortunate to have defined our company purpose ahead of the crisis. It's given us a North Star and an opportunity to pull together or towards that North Star and focus on what's really important. Focus the key priorities for us as a company. And the role that we play in society and it has ESG at the core. And I think especially in times of an industry standstill with confinements and travel restrictions, there's really been no better vector than to strengthen our ties across the board via that purpose. From customers, employees, suppliers, policymakers and indeed investors. It gives us that North Star. So we've tried to create a shared understanding of the value of our industry and indeed the value that our company can bring to society as a whole. So our purpose is to pioneer sustainable aerospace for a safe and united world. And it really reflects that value aviation and aerospace can bring to society by creating economic progress through connectivity and global trade, which in turn allows us to innovate for ambitious environmental goals and commitments. It brings social progress through connecting people, cultures. It creates lasting friendships and resolves conflicts as well. And of course, all within a growing framework of governance and transparency. The second is probably ensuring equal parts of proactivity and collaboration. What do I mean about proactivity and collaboration? Well, probably again, even more apparent of late, we need to strike the balance between the two to be impactful. As an industry leader, Ebers has the ability to play a leading role in the recovery of aviation, but of course, cannot do it alone. For example, the fear of contracting COVID-19 while flying really required us industry wide to address the specific concerns of our stakeholders, which is why we launched a multilateral cooperation between industry wide organizations, airlines, governments, stakeholders and leading manufacturers, of course, to keep trust in air travel and restore a safe and timely return to air operations. But again, you can only do that through collaboration. This week, hopefully you saw it, we clearly demonstrated our intent to fulfill our ambition to lead the decarbonization of the industry. We announced a bold intent to bring a zero-emission aircraft to market by 2035, but we know, however, we'll only do that, we'll only succeed through strong collaboration. And a testimony to that is in the strength of the recovery agreements with our European government partners, among many things, which will allow us to accelerate our research efforts in cleaner aviation technology. And probably lastly, so the third ingredient is really to build and nurture trust. And in so doing, we focus really on four pillars as a company, quality, safety, integrity and compliance at the foundation of what we stand for. And we have a code of conduct, sorry, which is deployed company-wide and widely recognized as our governance backbone. And furthermore, clear, consistent and standards-based ESG reporting remains an essential ingredient for us with building trust with our stakeholders. So we also follow GRI guidelines and regularly publish CDP reports. Thanks, Julie. Those are very interesting insights as well. Last but not least, I'd like to move to you, Geraldine, and hear your thoughts on your journey. Thank you, Beatrix, and it's a great pleasure to be part of this amazing conversation at exactly the right time. Your question was, what are the three main ingredients? And I have to say, listening to Vindi earlier, it's a nice way of linking, because at DSM, for those of you who don't know us, we are the world's leading producer of micronutrients and a specialty materials company, and about 10 billion. And just to give you an idea of the journey, we will be celebrating our 10th integrated annual report. We were actually reporting on a triple P bottom line 20 years ago. And the reason why I'm mentioning this is, for us, the main number one ingredient is leadership from the top on a long-term basis. This cannot be on and off. So my predecessor's predecessor started the journey, and we've continued to build ever since on that. Going all the way to having our remuneration being 50% linked to ESG and 50% financials. And when we introduced that in 2009, so this was not a new thing, it made the first page of the Financial Times. Now, I'm glad that today things have moved on. But I think my message is, as Vindi was saying, get started, but you have to be consistent, and it does take time. So that would be the first ingredient. The second one is actually trust and transparency. So we've been a listed company for 30 years. We have more than 100 year history as a company. But being listed, of course, you learn to earn the trust of your shareholders, but you also need to earn the trust of your stakeholders. Now, we are a Dutch listed company. So our articles of incorporation actually requires to take care of all stakeholders. And that is now reflected in the way that we run the business. And it is absolutely true. You need to embed it in everything that you do. Partly, what I mean, trust. It does mean reporting in a consistent, coherent way, and if possible, get reasonable assurance on the quality of your ESG reporting, and the same way as you would have the quality of your financial reporting being validated. So that's the other big component. And if I link to that, the third one, unfortunately, isn't in place yet. Although I do believe, thanks to the World Economic Forum amongst others, we're making progress. And that is about having an agreed framework of reporting. Now, we've been very involved with the IBC and others to try and help a convergence around the right reporting matrices. Our work has made us identify over 650 ESG matrix that are out there. And we are actually ranked one in pretty much all of the ESG rankings that are around. But to get there is currently a very complicated thing. And it's not helping to be fair, the readers and neither the investors, nor society, no community at large, because it is very eclectic. And therefore, it's difficult to follow. And it's difficult to really hold companies accountable because there's this still very scattered way. So we highly support the work that's been done here and how critical it is to bring a convergence and to bring much more systematic approach to ESG reporting going forward. Thank you so much, Geraldine. Also some great insights. I've heard comments like in DNA, integrated culture, belief that ESG creates value, prioritise, create a shared understanding, industry wide cooperation, that was great. Trust, transparency, a leadership for the long term also tied with remuneration and appropriate incentives. A lot of good pointers there. We're strapped for time, but I would like each of you, if you would be willing to just look at what's happening today and how is that impacting your future? What steps are you looking now to take in the future given what we've been living over the past few months? Amy, could we kick off with you again? Sure. I think because it's focused on stakeholder governance has been so built into our DNA from day one. The recent pandemic and different changes now haven't really shifted our course, but I think what this year has done is really reinforced stakeholder theory. It's shown that our communities and our companies, there's a blurred line. Companies don't operate in a vacuum. I think back to two years ago when Salesforce was very instrumental in supporting a tax that was going to raise taxes on large companies, and as I mentioned, to support homelessness. Now at that time, we were constantly asked, what does a software company, why do we care about homelessness in our city? I think the answer is even more clear today. We're not in a vacuum. Strong cities, strong communities, strong public education, that benefits all of us and it leads to a strong company and particularly one that is going to be sustainable and ethical over the long term. All of this comes back to us and that leads to a stronger company. Thanks so much, Amy. I've got a minute for each of you. You're all doing great keeping to your time. So Vindi, what are you thinking you'll be changing or doing looking into the future? I'd say this. All of us, whether we're in the public markets or my side, for example, private markets, we're all owners of assets and companies. And this is not something that's only relevant for the public markets. There's often a misconception in private equity firms that we are transient owners and therefore how can we really have an effect on ESG? And I would just like to use this moment to say that I certainly don't believe in that. Our firm doesn't believe in that. We believe that even if we are transient owners, we pick up companies and we make material changes to them in their growth, in their cost structure, in their margin, and we can do exactly the same with their ESG metrics. We can inherit companies at a particular stage of ESG governance and when we leave them, leave them at a much better place. And I think that's the opportunity for private capital. Incidentally, the private capital in the world today is over five trillion and it turns over every five years. So you can imagine the rolling impact that private capital can have on multiple companies as an engine for change. Thanks so much, Vindi. Julie, some concluding thoughts looking into the future. Yeah, thanks. I think it's about harmonization and integration. So I think all stakeholder groups, employees, customers, governments, NGOs, investors, they have much more common and harmonized expectations with regards to ESG matters. And so that also helps with them being really embedded in metrics rather than an overlay on top. And I think it helps to really align with respect to decision making, integrating sustainability into the overall company strategy and management of the company. And so that helps with the acceleration. I mean, on our side, we've now created a dedicated sustainability committee at the board of directors level. Like I said, I think we see the convergence now of financial and ESG performance. And to give a concrete example, we've also embedded sustainability targets and objectives within our top company performance objectives now. And that really helps to focus the mind and energy and create a culture of ESG throughout the company and a better understanding of our external stakeholders as to who we represent as a company. So market force is clearly at play from every direction. Geraldine, we've got literally 30, 40 seconds left, but I don't want to leave you out. No, no, no. I will make it short. What the crisis has shown for us and for the whole world is that basically we need nature to survive all companies, no matter what our activities. And therefore, embedding what we do around sustainability into everything is the key. Now, the truth is we can only do it across a whole value chain. And what I would really like to see is a convergence on the matrices, not for the sake of it, not because it's a better way of looking at a company, but it is also a much better way at connecting all of the different players across a value chain. And in our case, the food systems is in crisis. It's only through an ESG coordinated approach that we will truly be able to improve an end-to-end system like the food systems. Excellent. Supply chains, we needed to make sure they were also included. So thank you so much for that. Thank you, Amy, Bindi, Julian, Geraldine, for a very insightful number of comments you've shared with us.


So that's the first decay, so I will try to follow the same items as others. So that's the name of the Wharf, so there is no interest about that. So I'm from the US government and I made this presentation with some colleagues. Just to remind you, to give you a global overview of the stakes, so as we know, of course, in Portugal, the world of Wharf and the societal value is very high because we have in France, in the world, 80% of the overseas trade that is by sea and 98% in the USA. There is a key role in the European defence too and 3 million of people are employed in the maritime transport sector in Europe. So for Magnus, what are the problems? So as you can see here and you have, I think, example in Portugal and we have example in other countries of Europe too. There are large stakes because, for instance, in France, we have more than 100 kilometers of Wharf. So what does it mean, the kilometers of Wharf, if you look to this one, a concrete platform of 350 meters that means that you have 1.6 kilometers of beams. So that's a very, very large. 60, 64 kilometers are built with real-force concrete platforms. So that's the main focus of the talk. And we spend quite a lot of money per year for curative maintenance mainly. So that's the case here. And USA will find that in this report. There is large money that is spent in this area too. So Sebastian spoke about wind turbines here. So they are not far from the Wharf here because it was built due to this new activity. So that's offshore wind turbines that are for the moment developed for the US market. But it will be after for the French market. So that's Naval energy here. And so the Wharf is built here, but it's now finished since six months. Here we have the Loire River. And so we had a project with several partners, industrial partners mainly. You probably know this one that's built. And there is, of course, port authorities and so forth. So how it is built. So again, there is a river, there's another bridge here. And so you have pipes, it's still. And we will focus on these platforms that is in concrete. Because the main problem is here when we have feedback from existing structures. So we are monitoring these structures. So I don't go into detail about that. And we are monitoring this area. So with two beams. So it was only to compare several sensors. And to be able to have a more precise view about the cost, about the implementation, where implementation is structured and so on. What is very typical, if you compare to the bridge, is the access. So the access for inspection, for maintenance is very, very difficult when you speak about Wharf. And of course, it's closely due to this access. So here you have typically a be-sure for inserting that. So I told already about that. In France, we make some studies in you to better know the patrimonial. And so 60% of switchers are more than 53 years old. So that's why that's a huge problem in France. The maintenance of this type of structure. You can find just to have more information about technical aspects. So there was an interactive project five years ago. That was edited by the NEC in Portugal. And so we gathered several forces here and we developed a technical guide on the web. And so it is still open about concrete, still, and about structure management, how to manage the structure. So that's a way to have more details about technical aspects. So I will not read all of this, but the main topics are the decision scenario, as you have seen today, this morning, the methods, the results, and the value of a session. So about the decision scenario. So what decision we have to do when we want to maintain a given point? So we have to inspect. So that's generally some administrative testing tools. We can't do it all. So that's SHM. So we will speak about the limited lifetime of SHM because that's not the lifetime of the structure, typically. The maintenance. So by concrete removing, here you have a typical, so it was in a project. So that's the beam. It's not in the good position. It should be the opposite. But it was removed from the port. And after, so there was an algorithm addition. And so from this little algorithm addition, we recover, replace the old concrete by a new one. So typically you have three types of metal. So the weight short grid, the forms concrete, and the manual worker. So that's preventive maintenance because you don't change the ribbons. So what we call a curative repair here is when we change the steel ribbons. So that's all the decision you can make. Of course there are all. There are all those. But that's the main decision you can have. What we have to think about, and that's why structuralism monitoring can help us, is that when you remove the concrete, you will have steel chloride inside this part of the concrete. So the concrete will go from the outside and from the inside. So after repair, the problem is more and more complex than it was at the beginning. And it's very difficult to model. And if you have only small inspection or free inspection this time, it's impossible to model. And you are hearing an illustration of how the concrete, how the chloride is evolving with the madness. So madness every 20 years at 7 centimeters depth from the surface. You can see that it's always increasing because of the chloride that is already in the concrete. So the repair is not perfect. And you have a more complex problem after repair. There are material changes and resilient chloride content. So that could be interesting to monitor. So about the methods now, we have to simulate an hidden power process. So there are some methods to simulate the chloride inside the concrete, from the type of difficulties, the temperature, the humidity, the concentration of chloride on the surface of the concrete and so on. So we can use several types of processes. What is interesting here is that you have several steps. So first step is the diffusion of chloride near the river. After you have the corrosion of the river and after you have the deterioration with large cracks. So that's what you already know probably. And so we are speaking about here on this presentation and this 2D case. We speak about the first part, the diffusion and about the primitive madness with this type of information. So when the chloride comes to reach the steel river. So we have to simulate the action after all the methods. We have to simulate the actions with their uncertainties. So that's very, very important because you see that several actions are not perfect. For instance here you have the chloride content on a given wharf. So that's the same type of beams but on the wharf. And you have that with that here. So you can see that you have a large uncertainty of the assessment of the chloride. And part of this uncertainty is due to the method of assessment. So it's due to the subjective testing, not to the interesting uncertainty in the concrete. And so on you have here an uncertainty of the threshold. So there is a threshold between diffusion and corrosion. So that's this threshold. And so there is an uncertainty. And of course if you have a rubber here at 50 millimeters depth. If you are more chloride than this threshold you will have probably a decision of corrosion. So you have to repair. If you want to have a primitive repair you have to repair before that. Okay so that's typically a model of degradation. So a model of chloride ingress in the concrete. So that's done here like a gamma process. I don't speak about that. But what is interesting when you look to supply for metoane is that you have a lot of points. And something that is interesting is that the uncertainty of the measurement has not the same probabilistic structure at the degradation process itself. So we can remove the uncertainty of the monitoring. And so the predictive state is very close after this from moving from the hidden state. Okay and the third method that I wanted to speak about is improvement of the prediction with accelerated tests. So as you have seen it's very difficult to forecast something when you have a very complex process. So what is feasible is to increase the cryopropagation in the concrete that you use during the repair or during the build. But of course you accelerate the process with something that has nothing to do with the natural process of degradation. So the acceleration rate is very difficult to compute because the process is not the same. And so what we did is to use the Bayesian network to use this type of acceleration test and the test that you have on site because we have the metoane on site. So we have the cryopropagation on site. And when you compute the factor of acceleration you are able to use this test in you to forecast the future behavior of the concrete. So that could be added as a method on the world SSEM added value. So after that about the reasons. So of course we need some assumptions. So we computed the cost for the several actions. So I just focus here on the cost of SSEM. So you have the cost of the implementation of SSEM. And after you have the cost of data treatment each year. So that's why you have the initial cost and after the cost each year if you want to treat it each year. So why we do that is to remove the uncertainty of measurement. So at least once a year we can remove better the uncertainty of measurement. Yes. Typically a type of result that we can obtain. Of course we will optimize the cost, the expected cost, with semi-districtive testing and with SSEM. And we will try to compare these two costs. So what we have to find is the time interval of inspection that reduces the total expected cost. So that's a very classical approach. So the total expected cost is the cost of inspection, repair, maintenance and failure. And what we can add is, that's due to my finger, is to find the repair threshold that reduces the time in the failure zone. So that's typically here the preventive threshold that is changing with time. And that we can optimize. So that's a repair threshold that we can optimize in due to reduce the cost. So that's one kind of output. Another kind of output is the comparison of the three types of a repair in terms of emission gas, in terms of cost and in terms of waste. And what is interesting is that depending of the time horizon or the service lifetime of the structure that you want to use. So for instance here, for civil engineering that could be 50, 75 or 100 years. Depending on that, the interest of the techniques will not be the same. Because you will not use the same number of times, given techniques depending of this service lifetime. And about the value of a recession. So that's the first result. So the last one we obtained yesterday. So it's very fresh result. So the objective of course is to compute the minimum maintenance cost with semi-dissuited testing. So that's what you have here. So that's a blue line here. That's a submission of the inspection repair corrosionization cost. And here you can see that if you inspect every seven years, you will obtain the best decision in terms of repair and you will minimize the maintenance cost over the lifetime of the structure. And after, we will use that, the same thing, but with the use of a session. So what is interesting with that session is that you will add information every year of course, and not every seven years. The problem is that the cost, the initial cost of course, is larger. So we use here, the best repair was the wedge shock culprit and five centimeters of concrete removing. And what we obtain is a gain of a reduce of cost of 80% with a session. Knowing that we have limited the service lifetime of a session itself, so without maintenance of a session itself, at 10 years. So that's very important to speak about that because we know that the service lifetime of a session is not the whole lifetime of the structure. So we have to know if we ought to limit that and first and second, if we need to more information with time and in that case, if we need to maintain the sensor of the session. Okay, and we have to ask open questions. So I have some questions for you. Is it acceptable for tech owners to support Excel engine test using the three, five, first year? So is it feasible to do that? Second, is it acceptable to pay for sensors with very limited lifetime? Now we know that sensors in concrete, their lifetime is probably between five or ten years. So do you need certification? And what type of sensor are you able to use? Should we add sensor maintenance and availability of sensors? Is there any feedback of these existing chloride sensors? So I don't know if you use some of these type of sensors in some of your circular. And is it feasible to introduce monitoring early in the design process because it's very intrusive when you do that very late in the design process. And so it costs a lot of money if you do that very late because you have to change a lot of things in the design. So is it possible for you or do you do that already to introduce monitoring early in the design process? And thank you. Anybody here from the audience, from Blizzard to Woodlife, any bridge engineer? Or I don't know. Yeah, we would be very glad. Hello, I'm from a bridge design company. So this last question is very interesting and we tried to input the structural monitoring system when the bridge is important. The scale of the bridge is quite important in the decision of the operation. But our experience is somehow we have some cases where some of these structural monitoring systems were developed in some universities. And what we can criticize a little bit what is happening sometimes is sometimes the students that are doing their thesis or so on and they are involved in these monitoring systems and then they go away from universities and nobody knows about that. There's still a long way we have to track here in Portugal and maybe in Europe to involve a little bit more of the designers in this process and try to have some feedback. Because the design of the bridge is maybe the one who knows better the behavior of the bridge or what he expected to be the behavior of the bridge and he is very interested in getting back the numbers and the behavior of the materials of the bridge. So maybe I think that I can have the areas try to involve a little bit more the designers in this process and the involvement is difficult because I know you have to have a contract and it's a long-term contract, it's always a problem otherwise it's too theoretical and a little critical. Very good, thank you very much, you created a nice piscale. Hello, my name is Carlos Piscale. I was the project manager of the Ponto of Ziria which was presented this study by Antonio in the beginning of the session. At the time I had the privilege of working with the designer, Antonio Peri Legander present here and also with the elder which is the one that implemented the munitari system. In my opinion this is your presentation is very interesting and very well formulated because I believe that things must be born at designer it's crucial that designer defines what he intends to measure and where in order to formulate because this must marry with the models of behavior at each time the measures should be matched with the theoretical models otherwise we cannot learn and we cannot act. In my opinion three things must be done. The first one is to define what to measure and when the second one is to follow always and this following means not only by the one who installed the instrumentation but specially by the designer. Design is the only one can measure and matching with the theoretical model and third that should lead to thresholders and to measures for actions, triggers for actions and which is the reason I believe we are here. We should have should read the signs of instrumentation we should interpretate, we should match with the model and that should trigger actions and in a way that can save money to us. All this must be designed in the very very early phases. Of course if we don't have another way doing this after is always better than having nothing but the right ways to start with the very first phases of the project. Thank you very much. Thank you very much for a very good comment. The three points which are very essential and we continue. Please your name. Hello my name is Vikram Akrashi and I am trying to Frank answer your question around what is the is it feasible to introduce it in the design process. I'm trying to give you the feedback from what we do in Ireland wearing my cap as a chartered engineer and not as an academic. So I've been the like design engineer in some of these projects in Ireland the method is that yes monitoring is introduced in the design process but on a case by case basis and when the consequences are high usually either when there's a large rehabilitation involved and when there was a borderline case or sometimes there's an immediate rehabilitation or repair needed. In each case the method is to employ the design engineer led by a chartered engineer which is a must and then the design engineer exactly like my like previous commentator on this and the design engineer decides where to measure what to measure etc. But does not take the decision on sensors what he said.  So it's never given to a university. The university is too expensive and not cost effective. So we get a lot of money and so what we do is as engineers we hire companies either from Northern Ireland or from Ireland whose job is to only guarantee that yes this is the right sample is correct or this say half cell furniture thing that we're doing the process is correct but these subcontractors only guarantee those results. They take no responsibility for their interpretation where they will measure it and why they're going to do it. That entire responsibility then lies on the engineer side. So this is how it's done in Ireland. Thank you very much for your comment. Yes I think proportionality is very important. For most important thing you do more work. For less important thing you do less work. Proportionality as a criterion for effort is a very important one. Any other we have already three discussions from the audience and we appreciate it very much from the local people. Are there any other questions or discussion points? We can yes. I was just wondering if there's any support by the regulations in Ireland actually to take benefit of the results to support let's say the case of continued operation or change of operation. So there hasn't been any existing project where continued operations has been done except for in one case I remember I think for Ferry Carrick Bridge there was continued monitoring and things like that. So there's no regulation that prevents it but there's no case right now. But how do you argue in that case that monitoring can provide the basis for let's say continued operation or for operation despite observed damages or whatever. So how can you actually argue for your case of monitoring if it's not a part of the regulation? Because in some cases I'll give you a concrete example here. So one of the cases where the county council did decide to go for monitoring was when there was significant uncertainty about what has happened to the system. So there was this bridge and a heavy truck was going under the bridge and I was an engineer of that project and one of these hydraulic arm it came up and hit the bridge upside down like this and destroyed the entire clean stress peak. Now the thing is if you think that complete redistribution of stress has taken place nothing has actually happened to the bridge. You can ignore that. If you think that no redistribution of stress has taken place then that bridge has collapsed as it stands. So the reality is somewhere in between and our models considered all these situations, whatever situations but the county council prescribed monitoring throughout the process while we were designing the recommendations on what to do while the repair was done and while further strength gain was done on the bridge for 24 or 14 days each minute so that there were limits that were decided on if it goes beyond this then we take this model if you go beyond this model and there was also one case where it goes beyond this then we're probably like we're done for and called insurance but these are some of the situations where they consider this. That's a positive story. A negative story is there were health monitoring devices for the Malahide bridge in Ireland where despite monitoring there was very little movement that was observed on the bridge and a day later that bridge fell into the sea just after a train went over from Dublin to Belfast and so that is one of the examples that's sometimes taken as a criticism in Ireland. Well despite this monitoring there has been very little movement the train went past, the whole thing went into the sea but I think there we have to be mindful of what is the mechanism of failure. In our case elasticity took a big part or let's say deformable media took part. In the case of Malahide bridge essentially what happened was the bridge was like this the water washes away one of the piers and the thing falls down. I don't expect any health monitoring system to pick up very early that kind of washing away. Well if it's monitoring the skull then it might be able to do it. Yeah but not on the bridge. It depends on what you're monitoring. But I'm just wondering because in Ireland you're also using the Eurocode system right? Now yes. And in the Eurocode system there's no probation opening for taking benefit of non-stop fees. No this was the assault. This was the heart of the safety context. This was before Eurocode. This is a little bit an issue in my opinion. This is a big issue. This is a very very big issue because like I was an engineer in that company in this project in 2009 that was just when the Eurocodes were coming in and we were doing our national like essentially like adapting the Eurocodes for Ireland's numbers and things like that. But for assessment we were still using BS codes. And after that let's say like a full scale like monitoring hasn't been done in Ireland. So we are really talking about handful. I could count the number of projects in one hand. But at least there is a legal framework through which this can be done and the Council can accept it. With the Eurocode it's a big challenge that the whole assessment monitoring site it's not there. So what do we do? I think the actual the solemn opportunity with the Eurocode system is the let's say the opening through design by testing. That is probably the only opening we have at the present time but we are undergoing the visions of course right now on the Eurocode system. And we are from the very beginning pressing and suggesting clauses on how to take benefit of non-structural means including specifically structural health monitoring. But we are experiencing a significant reluctance to that idea in the more important Eurocode committees. We are still fighting. The battle is not lost. But I think that the organizations they also have a role to play in coal emissions and they should make their voices heard. So this is just to flag the possibility to encourage you owners to make your voices heard in a way with that. It's really really important. Yeah I think very very interesting. Yes yes everybody. But it's getting very interesting so we continue with your remark and either we can also have an event. We have one hour. So just follow up question to Mike really and the theme seems to be because from your previous comments about this reluctance and so the situation with the codes say the situation where tons of structures that do exist do not satisfy current codes. It's a reluctance to allow the provisions what say SHM could be explicitly acknowledged in the code. And you say you have problems with sort of people from the Eurocode committees telling about being reluctant but what exactly do they say? Do they give any argument or is this design code to not include anything but structural means? Yeah but why? Is it just sort of ideology or what? I think this is very general. Very important I have to say. And I also agree that you have to put new things which you have to discuss with designers and you have to make things like that that they should be applicable. And you have to educate. It's very important and we are doing it. We will keep this comment if you allow me because there are some others. But I will come back. Sebastian we will come back to this comment what you do in the instandars and we have a session tomorrow. And I would like the second presenter to come because we exceeded already


Whoa, A! Upgrades for days, 84 times 10. Repeatable once per day. What's this require? Whoa, three 87s. 87s are about to explode, chat. 87s, 87s. That is crazy. Did we get anything else? Is it just two upgrade packs? Is that all that we got? Nothing else. What's the 82 plus player pick require? Eight rare players, exactly gold? Wow, okay. Non-rares can go into the crafting upgrade and then rares can go into that. Chat, 87s are about to explode, bro. They're about to explode. I will say, if you don't wanna do this SPC right away, what you could do is you could do 82 plus player picks to craft it. So, depending on how much work you wanna put in, you know, there's that option for you there. Chat, problem really quick. I've got a bunch of cards on my own assigned, so I can't actually open mine. Kubrick has already got it done. These guys, some of you guys are so fast at SPCs. You should start a company. Speed SPC building, man. Just log on the people's accounts at 6 p.m. and start speed building SPCs. What? You're welcome for the idea. Although, technically that would probably be against EA's terms of services, but I digress. I digress. Okay, first one, you get a walkout. Ooh. Oh, 84, five as well. You got both of these done, man. Look at this, bro. What am I saying? Please, something in behind. That was not good. Should I buy 87s? 87s are already up, bro. They're already flying. They have just gone from 13K to probably about 16, 15, 16. Here's gonna be the problem with these, Chat.  It's all about the shape shifter at the back of the pack and that kills a lot of the hype with these because it's like you open the pack and then you just skip through it to see what's at the back, you know? In this case, nothing. These are horrible.  Well, here we go. Number three, walkout.  Oh my gosh, bro. You got all 84s, but two cards. Why is the pack weight like this, man? Why? Maybe the play is to save these. Okay, Lewa. All right. Chat, maybe the five-head play. If you're thinking long game, if you're thinking like... Okay. Well, that just changed our thoughts. 291s, Raquelme and Tolisso. You got messy Lewandowski. Wow. The last pack had eight 84s. And in this one, you got all of these players. Chat EA's listening. Keep listening. We're here for it. Let's see more shape shifters in the back, please. You want that Raquelme untradable? Well, Neon, I'll be honest. He's only 41K. It was probably pretty easy to pack. All right, we're back to this. Although you just got a decent amount of walkouts. If you're not really playing the game right now, though, this could be one that you hop on and do and then save it. That's what I was really getting at. I got Etoe. No way, Lundis. Did you really? Let's go, bro. Wait, you have the 8430? Oh no. He didn't take Tony Cruz, guys. He did not take Tony Cruz. He's getting a cheeky Kailor Navas. IQ test failed. Oh no, bro. Most of these packs just have like one or two walkouts and then 84s and the 84 times 30, which he took instead of Tony Cruz. Wait, that means there has to be a shape shifter inside of here. If that's your walkout player, right? There's gotta be somebody higher than 88 rated in an 84 times 30. I'm calling two shape shifters, two at the back. Ready? Moment of truth. Good luck, bro. You got nine dupes. Holy petite center back, Raquel May Cabrera and Adhyemi. Dude, I was non-believer right there. 25, 84, okay. Yo, Matrix, what's good, man? It's going well today. EA dropped kind of a nice upgrade pack, but it's probably not worth the gamble with the way that it looks. Sun Ederson to start the pack and Ochoa at the back. At least you got one shape shifter, bro. You have 87 selling at 20K. Fabinho's 20,000 coins. Wow. Wow, bro. Have we ever had an 84-10 before? We've had 85 times 10. We've had 83 times 10, but I don't know. Maybe I'm just forgetting. I don't ever remember having an 84-10. Jared, all right. Hey, you got a special card? There you go. I guess the nice thing is too, if you're getting a special card at this stage of the game, you're getting a high rated player. We have a break in the 84 times 10 action. Oh ho ho. Good luck on these reds in this icon player pick. Should I start completing Beckham? Beckham, I think is a decent craft if you wanna have the card in your club, whether emotional reasons or whatever. You got Zaha from 84-10? There you go. I hear Zaha is pretty decent. Do I sell all my 87s at 20K or hold? This is probably the peak for today. Hold up. Oh no. I think your peak for today is probably gonna be happening in the next like 10 to 15 minutes. Oh my gosh, those are horrific. But they could go up later in the week cause this SPC comes back every day. Vidditch. Oh yo yo yo, Vidditch is actually massive. Oh, you're gonna take Jared? Okay. Hot pack. Oh. Hey, Diabi. Bang, bang. You've heard good things about petite, just the defender one. Neymar. Whoa. Oh yeah, I forgot. This is not the 84 times 10, this is the store pack. Please. One, two, three, four shape shifters. They're all fodder ones though. Are these player picks good or no, chat? Okay, 83? No, it's not what you want. At least they're cheap. They're hidden miss. Ooh, Kimmich. Okay, and then an L. But the Kimmich makes it worth it, right? And we can leak is done. So there's not a lot of tradable supply coming in. So maybe you do hold if you want to. Definitely spiking a lot right now. Petite center back. Hey, you got one. Usable, 200 and what? 200 something K? Wait, wait, wait, chat. No way. No, you're not turning in no shot. You have an untradable first order Kaka. Are you about to turn this into, yes. That's a two mil card, chat. That's a two mil card. That is incredible stream banter. You better get an absolutely insane card from that. EA should know. This is the pack you turned Kaka in for, bro. This is the one.  Who's gonna be behind it? Two shape shifters, but that's, yeah, that's not worth the Kaka probably that you turned in. That is incredible stream memes. For those who don't know, I accidentally bought a foot birthday Kaka for two million coins. That's why he did that. That was top one share play of the day. I can't lie. How many player picks did he say? 26 player picks here, all 82 plus. Let's say you get like two walkouts per page. First shape shifter, Taliso. Usually 82 plus picks are bad though. These are good value, honestly. Zaha, bang, let's go. New prem right back for you. I would wonder if you did 10, 82 plus player picks if you would get better results or close to about the same results as you would from an 84 times 10. Can I get a happy birthday? Happy birthday, dude. Boom, Beckham. Let's go. 1.5 mil. I don't have to do the whole icon SBC. I just have to do the player pick. Oh, back to back icon player picks. Watch, he's gonna get a Beckham too. Yo, why did I just do him dirty like that? Chad, I just called that. Oh, no, but the wrong version. Oh, that timing was horrific. All right, we're back to 84 tens. Lewa, not too shabby, but nothing in behind, man. Bad upgrades. Oh, wait, you just turned into Kakat too? Sammy just turned into Kakat as well in that SBC. You guys have done it out twice. Wow, you guys are absolute legends. We're deeming the Kakat situation. Okay, EA, he deserves an insane poll. That's the second guy now. All right, two mil Kakat into an SBC. Who are you getting? Raquel Manj... Chad, that's two shape shifters and both of the packs that have been submitted with Kakat. Yeah, it's not worth it. Don't do it, but that's content, man, right there. Chad, did we just go straight for the 84 times 10? Run it up, EA. Who's this? Tony Cruz, the only choice at level 30. Come on, show me something in behind. Shape shift me. Duplicate shape shifted. All right, 50K pack. Yo, a shape shifter walkout animation. Oh, of course it's this guy, man. Yo, desync. Welcome in, bro. Victor, what's good? Uh... Oh, you just completed Bravo. I was like 84 times 10. Tony Cruz, yep. Nothing in behind, though. I'm happy with Zaha. No, Zaha's great. You have not gotten very many walkouts. This needs to pick up for you, Bryce. And then it does. Jirud! Duplicate, though. 25, 84 plus. Woohoo! Here we go. Some shape shifting content here, EA. Cheeky, K-Lord, have us. Little grainy share play experience. Come on. You got 384's first page. Jirud. Only one shape shifter and it is Jirud. Also, I hope the stream is a good one, man. I appreciate all the new followers coming in as well. Saving the rewards, man. I appreciate it. That's big love. Top 10 on Elite Rivals is here. Whoa. That's crazy. All right, red picks time. Saka. Ooh, eight. Nah, but it's a dupe. All right, I'm calling Saka and this one too. I don't know why. I got him today, I'm feeling it for you too. Yikes.


Do not fear everyone, their hat is back. Back to another episode of TBR Cluedo. It's a TBR game that I play every month themed off of Super Cluedo and it picks what I read. We have different rooms and different genres and different prompts in them. I'll leave the playlist with the full list of videos linked down below where the first video has all of the rules. So here's the thing, right? We're not gonna start off every month talking about what I read from the previous month because I'm gonna get back on track for this month anyway. February is always the hardest month for me. My seasonal affective disorder which doesn't make much sense, but it's always the worst. I'm always a little bit funky in February. So February, I did okay, but I didn't do my best in life.  I feel like I've been saying this every month and it hasn't been manifesting, but we're gonna manifest it in March. Me when you all ask if I finished my TBR next month. I plead the fifth. And I have got such a big TBR in March. So I've really tried to fit what I can that was already on my TBR into this but I actually don't think I've, I think I've succeeded with two bucks. The rest is additional. But I'm really excited. I love TBR, I love seeing what it throws up and I'm particularly excited for a few of the rounds this month are a bit different. So let's just get straight into it and see what I'm gonna be reading in March. Time for roll one. Person number four, which is pink over here. I might go get the glasses if I can. I've always been intrigued. I've never done that before. Let's see. Oh, a three and a one. Yep, we can go one, two, three. And get the magnifying glasses, which is scrolling on Instagram till I see a book on my TBR, which I've never chosen because it is so chaotic. So round one was the glasses emoji, which means I've never done this. I'm always so scared. This round is one of the things I put on here to be like, oh my God, like wouldn't it be so much fun? And then because I have always so much, I have to read the vlogs I want to power that month. I'm like, I'm not doing that. I believe she's somewhere living with deep, deep regret. This means I have to scroll on Instagram and the first book that I see that is on my TBR, I have to read. I have one vlog coming out this month that I haven't decided the full TBR for yet. So I'm hoping it'll be fairly short to every pick.  But I'm excited. Also the super prompts, the ones that aren't books, like the items, they are not beholden to a genre. So it's literally the first book that I see. So let's go on my Instagram.  Like I follow a lot of food accounts. I'm terrified. I'm actually terrified. I'm gonna refresh and then we're gonna scroll. Okay, razor blade tears I don't own. It's not on my TBR. So we don't have to read it. We have yet to see a book. What is that, misrule? No, don't own that. Oh, someone's getting proposed to you. I don't know who that, I don't even follow them. Okay, anyway, focus me again. Okay, oh, I got scared then. No exit is obviously one of my favorite books but don't own any other ones. So we can't read them. This is crazy. I thought we'd get one like straight away. No, we're not reading, we're not reading a selection.  Okay, this doesn't count because there's like her whole bookshelf. So that doesn't count. It needs to be like a stack of books or one book.  Looking for Alaska? Hell no, I've read that. This is crazy. I thought I'd get something straight away. I did own Fireborn but I have unhauled it. So it's not gonna be that. Oh my God, apparently books don't exist. Nope, oh my God, okay. Ah, okay, right. I've got to find that because it's wrapped up. So let me go find the number of it and then we'll have to find it. It takes me ages to find these books. 29, 32, oh four, we found it straight away. Okay, I numbered, when we wrapped them up we wrote tiny numbers on all of the wrapped up books. So when I need to find a book that's wrapped up to read it for something else, I can basically, my dad wrapped this one. Let me in, let me in. Under the Rose Spring Door by TJ Coon. This works perfectly. There's two different videos I'm doing this month that this could fit into. I'm so excited. So this is TJ Coon's latest book. We're basically, I think we're following this man who dies.  And so he's given one week before he has to cross over to the other side to kind of live his lifetime to the fullest. Now here's the thing. House Insurgency was my, I think it was like sixth favorite book last year. It was pretty high up there for me. This one hasn't had as great reviews as House Insurgency. But I'm still really excited to read TJ Coon's writing that is so beautiful, so lyrical, so like fairy tale-like. I'm very excited. This was a win. This was such a win. And you'll definitely see me vlog it. I just don't know in which vlog yet. Okay, roll number two. Person number one, which is over here in fantasy. We roll these. A one and a five. Okay, where can we go with that? One, two, three, four, five, which is number 26, which is, oh, something I've been scared to read. Roll two was a fantasy that I have been scared to read. And for this, well, there's two options, okay? The official pick is Over the Woodward Wall by Adebra Baker. Now you may be thinking maybe it's short as fuck, but because Sean McGuire is one of my favorite authors, I have been like terrified to read this. This is a short story based off of a story from Middle Game, which is one of my favorite books ever. It's an amazing fantasy. And so I've been scared to read this because I've never read Sean McGuire's stuff that's under different pen names. He has like lots of different pen names, like Mira Grant as well. And I have owned this for years and I've just never read it. So I think it counts as I've been scared to read it. You may say I'm making it short, but because I fear disappointment with reading something that's a little bit different from Sean McGuire, not something I'm used to from Sean McGuire, I have been putting off and I'm really scared and I wanna put an end to that. So I will be reading this this month, but if you're like Megan, you can't be scared of a book that short. I raise you the longest book on my TBR. A picture fight, a picture fight. Jade Legacy by Fonda Lee. Now, technically this is the next book, I got some makeup on it. This is the next book I'm starting. I'm filming this, this is going up on the 27th today. Oh, dates, I don't know them anymore. 27th of February. So I'm starting this in February, but I don't think I'll finish this till March. It's like 700 pages long. And I have been terrified to read this, but I'm actually now really, really excited. A vlog for this and Jade Wall, surprise, surprise, is coming next weekend. I'm actually really excited to read this after just finishing Jade Wall, but I won't say anything more. So you get two options for that one. I think I've fulfilled it in one way or another. Okay, roll number three. Person number six, which is yellow over here in thriller, which is good because I've got a lot of thrillers I need to read this month. And how many have we rolled? Five and a three. Okay, let's go. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. And that is number eight, which is a 2021 release, which is perfect. So roll three was a thriller that is a 2021 release. And for this, I have picked The Burning Girls by CJ Tudor. This is like a massive book. I don't really understand why. Like the font is really big. Like it's just, it's a very large paperback, but this has been on my TBR since the start of last year. It came out right at the beginning of January in 2021. I'm still having a rare year. Back to full, girl. I'm here. Back to full. But I am so excited. I've read The Chalkman by CJ Tudor and I really did enjoy it. So I'm really excited to get into this. On the back it says 500 years ago, eight innocents were burned to life 30 years ago. Two teenage girls vanished without a trace. Two months ago, the vicar hung himself. Welcome to Chapelcroft, a village with a dark past and a dangerous present. So I'm very excited for this. I love Thriller's Mystery set in these like small tight-knit British towns. Oh, the drama, Mick. I just love it. So yes, I've been dying to dive into this for like the longest time and I just haven't. So now is the moment. She is the moment. She is the moment. Roll number four, person number five, which is wiped down here, contemporary. Rolled a two and a two. We will go one, two, three, four, which is 25, which is a book that matches my outfit right now. A cave, my pajamas. Contemporary, yes. A contemporary that matched what I was wearing at the time I did the roles. I was wearing my pajamas. Well, not pajamas, but I was wearing loungewear. I was wearing a bright yellow hoodie and this was really hard to find like a contemporary with yellow on it, but I think I've done it. And I'm gonna be reading The Disassembly of Doreen Durand by Ryan Collett. So we've got the yellow, the kind of mustardy yellow. I actually don't know too much about this one. Synopsis is very weird. She witnesses a horrific accident and she doesn't wanna tell a police officer what she saw and she just like runs away from him and the book is her running away from him. But this is a contemporary that matched what I was wearing. So that's why we're gonna read it. It wasn't planning to, but we're gonna read it. Yeah, I haven't heard many people review this. I don't think it's got many reviews at all. I think it's only got like 500 ratings or something on Goodreads. So I'm gonna be intrigued to see what I think of it and whether I like it because I feel like it could go either way. Time for number five already, oh my God. Person number seven, which is Brown over here in horror. Let's see how many we roll. Four and a one. Let's just go one, two, three, four, five, which is number 11, which is an e-book or an audio book. Okay, I think I know what I'm gonna read for this one. Roll five was a horror that was an audio book or an e-book and this is actually perfect because I was already this month gonna be reading or trying to read Dark Waters by Catherine Arden. So now I'm definitely gonna be reading it. This is a middle grade horror series by Catherine Arden. Catherine Arden is the author of one of my favorite fantasy series of all time, The Bear and the Nightingale series. And yeah, this is like her middle grade horror that she's doing and I've read the first and second one. This is the third one. I enjoy them. They're like solid like 3.5 stars to me because they're super short. The audio book's only like four hours long but I find they're good like pallet cleansers in between books and I just wanna read everything that Catherine Arden writes. Like I know this isn't gonna be my absolute favorite because it's very rare I rate middle grade super high especially ones as short as this but I just, you know, I like supporting Catherine Arden. I like reading them. And I also wanna finish this series. So this is the third one and then the fourth and final one comes out in August. So reading this now, then I'll read the fourth one and it comes out straight away and then I'll have finished another series. So that's a big reason why I wanna get to this. I'm constantly thinking how I can finish series basically. Okay, and then our final roll is number eight which is blue over here. Let's see how many we roll. A three and a four. One, two, three, four which is number nine. A book with under 6,000 ratings on Goodreads. So a bit of a less red book. And then roll six was a nonfiction under 6,000 ratings on Goodreads. So a little bit of a less popular, less red book. And this is actually the choice that I got my patrons to vote on for our book clubs. They vote on one round, Retiba and Cludo every month as I'm sure you know and that ends up being our book club pick for the month. And I find nonfiction often has less ratings anyway. So we had some pretty good choices for this month. We had the choices of Disfigured by Amanda Ladouk, Unwell Women by Eleanor Clecon, Bias by Jennifer Eberhardt and Murder Isn't Easy, The Forensics of Agatha Christie by Carla Valentine. Now this vote was so close. I've never seen it before where the book that's like top that we're gonna be reading kept switching throughout the vote. Like it kept going back and forth between two books. Those two books were Unwell Women and Disfigured. And I'll show you the poll now. Disfigured ended up winning, but it was so tight. It was literally, it could not be closer. It was so tight. So yeah, if you wanna read this with us, the link is always in the description to join my Patreon. This book is about, I think fairy tales and Disney and how they've portrayed disability like in the media throughout the years. I'm really, really excited to read this. It's, I probably you guys know I've been trying to read this book for so long. I've just never managed to fit it into a reading blog. And it's gotten to the point now where like I've wanted to read it for so long, I'm a bit scared. Cause what if it just like doesn't live up to my expectations? So that is my TBR Cluedo TBR for March. I'm actually so relieved that the first round, the ones scrolling through Instagram didn't give me a book that I didn't wanna read. I'm so relieved. It's actually gone better than I could have hoped for. But let me know what you thought of any of the books that are on my TBR this month if you have read them. I feel like it's gonna be a great month in life in reading and everything. I feel like I'm getting back on the horse of everything a little bit. So thank you guys as always for watching. I hope you have a good rest of your day and I'll see you very soon in another video. Bye.


So there are two kinds of issues at stake in this human gene patent case that the US Supreme Court is about to hear. The first is purely legal. Should human genes be considered products of nature? If they are, then according to the US law, they can't be patented. So the Supreme Court has to decide whether or not genes inside the body are similar to those that have been isolated from the body. And if they're the same, then they can't be patented. The second question is really a policy question. And here it's how the patent system should think about the public interest. As the patent system has grown, it's become clear that it has mixed results for innovation, for society, for our values, and for the economy. And a public discussion has really begun here and we have to think about whether or not we want to rethink the patent system to better achieve the public interest. So critics cite four problems with these kinds of patents. The first is that while the patent system is designed to stimulate innovation, these kinds of patents seem to have the opposite effects sometimes, which is that patent holders can control the research into the use of these human genes. The second problem is that researchers often question whether or not these patents should be issued at all because the process of finding a gene is very well known. So the person who holds the patent is often just the person who put the last brick in the wall, so to speak. Third, there's a question about how this kind of patent influences healthcare access. So in the breast cancer case, for example, one company controls all genetic testing for breast cancer in the United States. Finally, there's a concern about the moral implications and particularly the moral implications of turning a human gene into a commodity. If the Supreme Court disallows patents on human genes, then institutions who do biotech research are going to have to rethink their patenting and business strategies. Universities and companies will still be able to get patents on gene-related technologies. They'll just have to wait a little bit longer in the research process. Meanwhile, it's going to increase access for scientists and for patients. Regardless, what I hope is that we've started an ongoing discussion about how the patent system serves the public interest, because this is only one out of many controversies that are going on around patents on life forms, patents on essential medicines, and patents on information and communication technologies like the iPad.


to another pack-and-play squad. Quick refresher of the rules. Rule number one, I cannot use the auction house. Every single player on this team must come from a pack or a set. Number two, every game that I win adds $75 to the bank and every playoff game that I win adds 100. And today is a very exciting episode. It is the first episode of pack-and-play where I am exclusively going for golden tickets. Last episode I tried a little bit, but there are boosted odds right now to pull golden tickets, as well as two Gold 99 Limited's, Asante Samuel and Tyler Linderbaum. Now the golden tickets that are available hilariously, there's a golden ticket, Zach Wilson. So that'd probably be my favorite pull, but probably not the best pull. There's Colin Johnson, who actually got a golden ticket in years past because he's super tall, six foot six wide receiver. There's Reggie Gilliam Halfback, kind of a weird card. There's Free Safety Julius Peppers, who is incredible. So that's what we're looking for today. Now the bad news is I have zero dollars in the bank. I used everything last episode. Granted last episode, I did get Gold 99 Larry Fitzgerald, Richard Sherman, Dante Culpepper, Russ Grimm, Elton Jenkins, Chris Hinton.  I barely even have any training. So first things first, we gotta go win a game. Now I did get those shiny upgrade tokens on our players. So here's what the offense looks like. We got Fitz with route tech, Chris Hinton with edge protector, Mark Andrews with red zone and tight end apprentice, Godwin with shorting elite, Quinn Williams identifier, Russ Grimm with nasty streak post up, Sherman with backfield master grab and go, Culpepper dashing, dead eye and past the elite, Dorel Rivas with short in elite. At defense, there's no significant adjustments other than Justin Jones who I gave inside stuff and Night Train Lane who has shut down deep out zone KO and crusher. We even went and got the shiny token for Charles Tillman so he could get pick artists for free. That's it. So all I need to do right now is go win a game. My opponent's team.  I love this guy already. Dude, he's got Josh Dobbs at QB. What is this team? Aaron Donald half back out to the right. Gets rocked by Night Train Lane. Dude, I almost have like a full out of position team. Kyle Pitts linebacker, Devonte Adams middle linebacker. He's gonna be spamming Aaron Donald half back but no such luck thus far. Oh, he's gonna go here but I can't. Oh, I'm nice. Larry Fitzgerald rocks him, pops the ball out and he's going for it. Send in the Blitz. I gotta get over here Devonte Adams. What a lurk. Richard Sherman half backs first ever touch. Let's see it. Okay, he's gonna go for six. Let's get it. Second and five, oh boy. All right, let's pass this ball. We got Colt Pepper now. Oh, and look at Larry Fitz on this scene. Don't you think Larry Fitz is wide open? There he is. Larry Fitz, good catch. The high ball snag. First and 10, I wanna keep feeding it to Sherman. I trust him. Ooh, it was a nice cut but I'm not getting much out of him. I gotta go into a different formation if I wanna run the ball effectively. Let's try and pierce the middle here. We got good old linemen. We got really good old linemen. I should be able to do this. Oh yeah, good. Russ Grimm didn't even put up a fight. All right, well he's usuring the D linemen so somebody should be open. Let's find out. Oh, right there. Damn, Russ Grimm getting bullied. We'll take our kick. We started with the turnover so it's always exciting. Dr. Cocktor comes out for another drive here. I think this is a handoff so let's just go light this up. It is. Same right side handoff he ran before Aaron Donald. Just rocked Balamalu. This is most likely just a pass now. I don't think he'll go back to that. Oh wow, okay. Hey, and it works. It worked real well. Why does Aaron Donald look so small? You'd think he'd look gigantic.   First and 10. I'm gonna go with the man blitz here. That's a jet sweep. No, yes it is. Oh, get there. Bottled, great defense. All right, second and 11. I'm guessing pass here. Oh, this might be like a screen. Oh, I gotta get there. I'm out of blood, it's going to hit. Third and two could get a big stop right here. All right, cow pits play underneath, bosa play underneath.  Shit, they train. I feel like this is a run. I'm gonna get on Larry Fitz and get ready for it. Oh yeah. Oh yeah, what a play. Larry Fitzgerald's free safety is no joke at all. We literally are a hundred percent sure he's passing. Oh, I'm here. I'm here, I'm here.  He might go to 81. I gotta flirt with it and then go to the other one. Oh, he's got a touchdown. He missed his touchdown. Let's just get to the QB fourth and eight. Get to him! Let's go, Kyle Pitts, linebacker. All right, now we can't come up empty-handed on this drive. We gotta go get a touchdown. I'm gonna send Andrews across the middle because this is man coverage. So I think Andrews, ooh, that's not the best pass in the world. Second in inches, the two-minute warning is here. I'm actually just gonna hand this off to Sherman because I could milk this clock and score with no time left. That's probably the smartest football play. Ooh, okay. All right, 10 yards for Sherman right there. Gonna let this clock tick. Sorry, Dr. Cocktor. Let's just pack and play, baby. I need the money. I'm broke. Andrew Tate would not be proud. I'm gonna send Marky Mark underneath. Shit, that man coverage has got me good. Third and 17. All right, so we know it's man coverage. Let's see what's there. Ooh, go, Cole Pepper. He goes for the cut stick. It's fourth and five with 22 seconds left. I don't need another field goal. It's fourth and five. Richard Sherman is there, great ball. Let's go, down to the three. First in goal, I'm looking at Mark Andrews. Oh, he's there. Money, what a ball. Cole Pepper on the weak side delivers that.  Eight, 10, oh.  You know you want to. Dr. Cocktor, first in 10. I don't really know what he could try for. Oh, no, that's so bad. I just guessed pass. He's gonna break the first one for sure. Nice play. All right, he's gotta go yard here. I hope you to, ooh, I wish he had thrown that. That might have been a pick six Devonte Adams. One final pass, he's gonna heave it up here. Okay, goes over the middle, gets rocked. Second half, baby, let's get it. See if I get this snap off, I don't think so, no. First in 15, you know who hasn't gotten any love is Chris Godwin. Oh, I can't force it. I can't force it, I don't think that would work. Second in 15, Mark Andrews is, no! Mark Andrews just ran into, I think Larry Fitzgerald. I don't know who he ran into, but that was a touchdown. I'm gonna go Larry Fitz, I don't know, yes, got it. Another tough fourth down though, fourth and four. Let's just see what happens here.  That was great defense. Damn, all right, I expect a run play. There it is, everybody's there. Okay, good stop, good stop. Second and seven, a slip screen. That was a ballsy, ballsy play call. Third and seven, what's he gonna go for here? He looks over the middle, maybe it's Aaron Donald? No, nobody's open, nobody at all. Let's go, great defense. Fourth and eight, we get the sack.  Fourth and eight, he's gonna look over here to the left side. He's got to, there's nothing there. He goes with dubs, I hit him, but just a little late. What a play. It's first and goal, he's definitely running it. Let's get on Larry Fitz, stretch left or right. I think it's, oh, right up the middle. The boys are there, but not after Aaron Donald picks up two. Second and goal, let's do the same thing. Let's just get up there and get ready. I'm gonna go on Palomalu here. He might pass, oh he does. And that's the exact guy that Palomalu was manned up on. Dude, ballsy play from my opponent pays off for him. He's gonna make it seven to 10.  All right, first and 10, I am putting a ton of man-beater routes out there and one of them's gonna get open to Ravis. He's got a little more, got the spin too. Hey, let's go. Come on, Colt Pepper, let's show him what we're made of. I'm gonna put Fitz on a whip route. I think Fitz's whip route here might be the money.  I honestly don't know how that works, but it did. Second and three, hey, we don't complain. We get yards and we do not complain. Staying in this play-action, look at, breathe this and look at Colt Pepper dashing dead eye. I don't use dashing dead eye very often, but Colt Pepper had it for free. So I took it and it pays off right there. First and 10, I'm staying right in this. Let's see if he finds a way to stop it. Does he follow X? He won't follow X. Oh, under pressure, couldn't get that one off, okay. The run has been relatively effective. I don't think I should give up on it too early. That is crazy. How he just completely ignored that block is crazy. That's a gold 99 over there. I think this is man coverage, but I just can't tell. Oh, I got him. I got him, literally fits.  Ooh, that's a huge play. Going into the fourth quarter with that, because if I can get the touchdown into two possession ball game, I'll make things huge. Ooh, great run here out of Sherman. Taking us down to the 21. So I'm gonna do it again. Let's go to Richard Sherman. He's got Jamal Charles, middle linebacker. Just follow your blocks. Ooh, Sherman. Look at a little beefy up there, third and one. Gronk, I need a good push out of you, buddy. This could determine the game right here if we can get this one. Third and one, an amazing push for my offensive line. Incredible push. We are in the driver's seat. Let's close this one out, boys. We're talking to the hot chick. We gave her our number already.  Now we just need to close. Second and nine. Down to the two minute warning. I'm gonna go with the stretch here. I'm gonna cut this one up, cut it back. Ooh, what a beautiful move. Clock continues to tick. No fumbles, no fumbles. Great work. It's second and goal. I'm gonna go ball carrier conservative. You know what's funny is even if I don't get this, I think I go for it anyway and I make him go 96 yards, no timeouts for a touchdown. But let's try and get it first. Third and goal. She's bringing everybody down. I think I'm gonna try and run this in with Culpepper. One second, we snap it. Is that a rage quit? I don't know if I should count that a rage quit. There's 44 seconds left, it's two possession game. Somehow I got a small egg from that though, so let's open this first while I contemplate whether that was a rage quit or not. The small egg has a 90 Michael Crabtree who will sell for 10,000 training. That's not bad at all, I'll take that. All right, the survey's in. We're counting that as a rage quit and I'm taking a pack. So for my rage quit, I'm opening this pro end game elite pack. Ooh, that's not good. That might have been my 94 right there. That might not, ooh, just talking so highly of this.  Oh my God, James Smith Williams. A gold 99 left end.  I learned after last episode that you can use these remix coins on the 92 overalls to make them gold 99s. Shows you how much Madden I play. I'm actually a casual, this is so hilarious. Quick sold everybody else, put me up to 71,000 training. My current left end is 94 overall Mad Max Crosby. So this is actually a massive, massive upgrade. My only gripe with these gold 99s is they have no free abilities. Everything's discounted, which is nice, but I don't know, I'm such a snob.  We also earned a pro game day pack from the field pass.  Hey, that's a lot of training actually, 40K. All right, so $75 in the bank. Technically, I should play another one. Once again, the $150 is the best value. But I wanna go for golden tickets right now. So I'm just gonna use the 75. It's not efficient, but I'm impatient. And now I gotta decide what pack I'm gonna get. There is the all pro star fantasy pack, but it's almost all my Madden cash. You get one of two 94 plus and three of five 96 plus. But I think this is my most guaranteed way to upgrade my team. It's bold. Like that's a lot of my cash. But I'm going for it.  We start out with a redox 98. Amazing news, this is a 94 plus. Start out with a 98 overall. I didn't even know Kenny Pickett had a card. Compared to Culpeper, he's a little slower. Better accuracies, but keep in mind, Culpeper currently has that program boost. So Kenny Pickett is actually 96 speed. So Kenny Pickett is actually faster. All right, so first one is Kenny Pickett's second one. No way, it's a gold 99 teensy remix. Oh my. How is that possible? How out of every card in this game, how is that possible? This has happened on every pack and play episode. That's crazy. So technically I could get James Smith Williams, quick selling for the remix coins and use him on a 92 to make it a gold 99. Or I take Kenny Pickett and sub him in and quick sell Culpeper.  I feel like it'd be hilarious to have Kenny Pickett at QB. So if he gets even halfway decent abilities, I think I'm gonna rock Kenny Pickett.  Kenny Pickett's a dog. I'm taking Kenny Pickett and the golden ticket. My first golden ticket of nine and 23 is gold 99 Collin Johnson. Six foot six, he'll be 99 speed with the boost, 99 catching traffic.  Our second option is a free agent, 98 Tony Pollard. Our third option is probably a gold 99 remix. I already have you, Elton Jenkins. Good try though. Our fourth option is a draft player. My God, are you kidding me? Right now I'm still leaning towards Collin Johnson, 99, 98, 99, 99. I get through, oh my God, I get three picks. Shit. Okay, Pollard is really good. So I kind of am leaning towards Pollard, Collin Johnson. I already have Jenkins, so I really can't do that. Anthony Richardson, I'd rather use Kenny Pickett. Fifth and final is a backyard baller. This is a predicament. So if I went with Elton Jenkins, I would have enough remix coins to fully gold 99, a player of my choice. So I'm gonna go Collin Johnson, put him on the team, Elton Jenkins for the quick sell. And honestly, I could go Pollard and upgrade my halfback, but instead I could go Anthony Richardson and quick sell him for the training, which is what I'm gonna do. So with that pack, we get a quarterback upgrade, a wide receiver upgrade, a gold 99 of my choice and 350,000 training. Wow. I maintain 3500 Madden Cash too, but I'm gonna bank that. I'm not gonna use that 3500 Madden Cash right now. Okay, so there's a week one and a week two fantasy pack. I honestly don't know what the difference is, but I have enough training to open these. So let's start here. So any single one of these cards, I can upgrade into a gold 99. I kind of want a tight end, low key. So Dallas Goddard would be sick. So tentatively, I'm gonna grab Dallas Goddard. And now here's the week two pack. What do they got? So any of these could be a gold 99. I could do Cole Comet, T Higgins, Milano. We could get gold 99 Javante Williams at halfback. Donald Parham would be glitched. Oh, Pacheco would be sick. This week two has way better players. This makes week one look stupid, Eric Dickerson.  Honestly, there's so many good options, but I'm gonna take Eric Dickerson. Now the good news is if I pull more gold 99 remix players or I choose to quick sell the ones that I have, I can always get more of these. Like I could quick sell James Smith Williams on my D line right now. But here's how it works. So here's Dickerson already actually has really good stats, but I use remix coins to go here, even more to go here, even more to go here, and a remaining 3000 to fully max him out. 98 speed, 96 Excel, 98 truck, 98 juke, 99 break tackle. He gets tank for free, awesome ability, and he gets running back apprentice for one. So it's just a huge upgrade to Richard Sherman. I'm gonna quick sell Richard Sherman and take the training from it, which is 160,000. I'm putting Colin Johnson in the lineup, of course. I think I'm gonna have him be my primary. And I'm gonna put Larry Fitzgerald at Y receiver three. I'm giving Colin Johnson short in elite, and that's it. Culpepper comes out for picket, and I'll quick sell Culpepper. Picket I'm giving running gun, pass lead elite, and gun slinger. I'm also gonna give him Fearless, because it's a combined two AP for all of that. God, that's so good. But now when we look at offense, it looks incredible, but Mark Andrews is my issue right now. He's my only tight end, and then it goes down to Robert Tonion. So I'd really like to get a gold 99 in there. It's either Parum or Kittle. I might go Kittle for the blocking, 550,000 training, and I'm gonna use all of my training on the training variety pack. I can get exactly 10. So we'll calculate the coins we get from it, as well as hopefully get a golden ticket. Yikes, 55,000 training for that. I wanna get at least like an end game elite pack out of this, dude. This might be the last time I do TVPs on pack and play. These are bad, man. Second to last pack, 82 punter. Last time I do TVPs. I'm gonna learn my lesson the hard way we do get. A 95 Dexter Lawrence quick sells for 72,000, which will just get me one more TVP. That's cruel, actually. An 83 strong safety, 30,000 coins. That 550,000 training dissolved to 159,000 coins. No bueno. It does give me exactly enough though for two theme team remix packs. 78,000 times two would be 156,000. And I actually really like doing these packs now. Now that I realize how valuable those theme team remix coins are, because if I could pull a high overall here, number one. Hey, that's amazing. Actually 94 is great for this. I could earn enough to go ahead and get that big tight end. I need roughly 5,000 remix coins to fully gold 99 a player. So this remix pack here, Aiden Hutchinson, this one. No way. What is he quick sell for? Wait a minute. Does he quick sell for coins? Shit. And to Sante Samuel, I love you. I've actually met a Sante Samuel so many times. He's a great guy. In that in though, a five foot 10 corner is a huge liability.  I think I actually think I quick sell them for the coins and I use the coins open packs. That's crazy. Oh, Sante Samuel, I'm so sorry, but I have to do this. Dude, those packs were insane. So I get another 350,000 coins to spend. We quick sell Hutch to get more remix coins. So 350,000 coins to spend now. I'm gonna take one pro end game elite pack because this is the best pack in the game right now. Let's see if I can do a gold 99 again. I mean, why not? 94 Brunel. I really hope that's not my 94. That would be no good 90s. Oh, that's my 94 plus 96 Michael Irvin. Another remix player. This one, 92 Dwayne Smoot and Andre Reed. Lots of legends, 166,000 training. We take Dwayne Smoot. I can do the eight times 94 plus theme team remix players since I have 3,500 cash. And that leaves me with not much left. These could be gold 99s. They're all 94 plus. And I'll definitely have enough for another gold 99 on the end of this. This is perfect. I will be getting my gold 99 tight end. The question is, whoo, yeah, we might be getting more. Gold 99 Chris Hinton on the second. I'm gonna get two gold 99s. No question. I might get a middle linebacker. I might take Luke Keekley middle linebacker, low key. Devonte Adams is nice, but he's really weak when I go for hitting 97 trade. I 100% got two. Dude, these are cracked. This whole promo is actually so much better than I gave it credit for. I got to apologize EA. I didn't watch your film. I wasn't familiar with your game here.  That's when you're gonna give us the good stuff. Come on, man. Come on. Either way, anything 97 or better at this point is incredible. I've already got a bunch of 94s and 97 and obviously the gold 99. This is my last one right here. Dude, I'm cracked. I'm cracked. I'm tempted to use this. I don't have a great fullback in right now. I'm gonna hang out to In-Gold for a second. I may end up using it. All right, so we'll sell all these extras. Puts me at $10,000 so I can do two gold 99s as it stands. I was talking about doing Dallas Goddard, but now I'm definitely leaning towards George Kittle. So George Kittle and Luke Keekley, is that what we're gonna do here? Gold 99 Keekley. He'll have 99 speed when we're done with him. I'm giving him Lurker and Crusher, but it will cost one AP.  And lastly, George Kittle, who's a really good run blocking Titan. He's also fast, but he's not super tall like Donald Parham, but I still think he's gonna be amazing. We also save a little bit of AP because Titan Apprentice is just zero here. Theme team remix has completely changed the dynamic of this team. We added gold 99 Dickerson, golden ticket Colin Johnson, gold 99 George Kittle. Gold 99 Luke Keekley, gold 99 James Smith Williams, all in today's episode. Huge dubs. I've got lots of players to quick sell and lots of new players to use. I think if I can target something, I should be targeting linebackers. Kyle Pitts did play well, but he's not a true linebacker. Joey Bulse is definitely outdated. Steven Boyd is outdated. Cam Jordan is okay. Eric Armstead's okay. So both of those can get an upgrade as well. My center is definitely weak as well, but my backfield is literally damn near as good as it's gonna get and so are my wide receivers and now so are my tight ends. So those are the really the only things I could work on, but that is a huge dump. For the back of my squad, I hope you guys enjoyed and I can't wait to see you guys in the next one. Zero dollars in the bank as we leave this episode, but it was an amazing one. I love you boys. Peace out.


This relocatable terrestrial field site encompasses 12,696 acres of mixed conifers and red furs in the central Sierra Nevada. The terrain consists of rugged mountains, meadows, and prominent granite outcroppings. At the heart of the site stands a 193 foot tall flux tower, along with soil sensors and field observation plots where neon scientists conduct data collections of plants and animals.


Before generating the actual decision tree, we have to define the output values. We want to identify these four different classes, but of course our sensor is able to return an 8-bit value associated with a single decision tree output. So here we just need to define what is the corresponding output that is associated with the string used. Steady, we're going to use zero, variety, eight, idle, four, and other 12. Now decision tree can be generated directly here using Unico just by pressing the generate button, but of course it can also be generated using external tools if needed. Waka, Python, or Matlab can also be used for this. And here I'm going to show you how to perform that using Waka as example. Let's just generate the decision tree with Unico. Here the decision tree has been created and the location of the decision tree has already been filled with the device, the decision tree that Unico has generated. In case of decision tree generated externally here we have to upload and choose the decision tree that is created with the external tool. Now let's talk about Waka. Waka is a collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks. It contains tools for data preparation, classification, regression, and visualization. With Waka Explorer we first import the data file ARFF file that has been generated by Unico GUI. Then with the classified tab we choose the J48 algorithms under decision tree classifiers. The start button will be able in less than few seconds to generate the prune tree. Much more information are available here. You can find for example the confusion metrics and in the visualize tab we can actually observe the data distribution based on different features. This is particularly helpful in determining which feature is more important than another one. The prune tree can now be exported into a text file that will be used by Unico GUI again to generate the register's configuration for your LSM6DSOX. Now that the decision tree has been created and stored it can be used to generate the register's configuration through Unico GUI.