Thank you. You really made my life sound more exciting than it really is. Thank you so much for sharing your Saturday afternoon with me. I'm supposed to stay here. I see familiar faces in the audience. I'm thrilled to see you here. Still, for those of you whom I don't have the pleasure to know yet, my name is Radost and I work on some of the partnerships of Siteground. Siteground is an international hosting company. Up to date, our team is almost 500 people and we're very happy to be the home of about 1,800,000 domains. So we're large, right? But large is also a matter of perspective. I recently read that Walmart had N2E's 2,300,000 in 2017. Imagine that, entire Sofia city works for Walmart. So because we know that large is a matter of perspective, at Siteground we're constantly in pursuit of new partnerships because establishing partnerships is a great way for a company of any size to grow bigger than where it is right now. Maybe except Walmart, but we're not here to talk about it today. From all partnerships that you could establish, those with larger than yours organizations are the most beneficial ones because they allow you to expand your customer reach at once, to sort of speak jump out of yourself, to increase your sales significantly and respectively to win more. In my job at Siteground, this is exactly what I do. I develop relationships with big companies for which I want something and subsequently I work with smaller companies that also want something from me. And it sounds great and it's very beneficial and we're going to win big except it's kind of a problem because this often is very tricky. The process of establishing partnerships with larger organizations has a difficult start. It is slow, it is lengthy, honestly it is frequently very annoying and the worst of all is that you don't even uncertain its outcome until the very end, meaning until you sign the contract. But practice shows that there are some steps that you can undertake in order to make this process successful. So I'll spend the next minutes sharing those with you. Okay. As frequently in life and always in business, in order to be successful, you got to prepare. The first and most important thing you need to do when you are about to establish a partnership with larger organizations is to define the business purpose of that partnership. Luckily that's easy because that business purpose always needs to lead to achieving the business goal of your organization, which I'm sure you know from the very beginning. It doesn't mean necessarily that the business goal of your partnership needs to directly lead to the business goal of your organization, meaning all companies wants to sell. I'm not going to establish a partnership that will create sales. No, that's not the rule. You could have a partnership that takes strategic curves to get into the business goal of your organization. For example, partner with someone who will create brand awareness for you, which will eventually lead to more sales. But ultimately, when you start working on a partnership, you need to have a clear vision of how its business goal will lead to achieving the business goal of your organization. Once you have your business goal validated, you need to identify a business partner who will help you get there. One of our joint sign-grounds, one of the projects I started working on, was to develop a partnership with WeWork. I don't know if you're familiar with this organization, but it's one of the largest and certainly the fastest growing co-working space companies in the world. Their customers are startups and entrepreneurs, and these are my customers, sign-grounds customers, because these are people that are at the level of development of their business, now is the time when they think about their website, so now is the time when they need hosting, and I want them to buy hosting from me. So, I started working on developing the relationship with WeWork exactly, not any other co-working space, because this is also where people go, because there are other co-working spaces, but my research showed that they attract mature companies, remote workers, in other words, people who don't really care about hosting right now, and I can't sell them. This is how I got my business purpose, and I identified the exact partner who will get me there to achieve it. When you know what you want, and when you know who can help you get it, you're ready to develop your partnership concept. A partnership concept needs to be specific. A partnership concept is not, wow, such cool company, let's do something with them. No, your partnership concept needs to answer these two questions. What will I do for my partner, and what I want my partner to do for me? And in order to answer these questions, you need to do a lot of research work on your partner. To go back to my work experience, when I identified that we have opened up a customer base with them, I visited all of their 12 websites, or so, and I was looking for the exact space where I want to see SiteRound's product placed within their community, within their network, within their websites. So when I was about to approach them, I was absolutely ready with what exactly I want from them. So careful research will lead you to creating a successful partnership concept. How to approach the partner? Okay, obviously, when you're talking about a large company, you can't talk to the entire company at once. You need to identify who's the right person that you can talk to. I know WordPress pros are on Twitter, but in fact, the platform that you need in this case is LinkedIn. And of course, the company website. LinkedIn provides valuable information about companies, employees, their relationships between them and their relationships, their relations with other companies. Do not shoo for the CEO. Never. In fact, I would say do not shoo for any on-sea level position. Unlike smaller companies, when sometimes the CEO is the one involved in all decisions in large organizations, there are layers, there are filters, and very often important decisions are taken by mid-level management or even regular employees. The scenario under which the CEO of a large organization will receive an email from someone unknown, for example, will read it and rush to their partnerships manager with the other duets now is absolutely unrealistic. So it will only create more work for you and you'll have to wait longer. The people who are looking for it usually have the words, partnerships, business development account, regional account in their titles. But as you know, nowadays we have very funky business titles for our jobs. So I'd recommend that you not only just know the title, but you also read through the resume that's published on LinkedIn so that you're sure that this person is the right one for you. You have found your person.  It's wonderful that I'm talking about this here at WordCamp, because WordCamp is one of the events that really present great opportunities for creating partnerships if you prepare for that. Meaning that before you come to WordCamp, hoping to find a partner who will help you grow your business, you need to research who else is coming. WordCamp organizers are such cool people and they do have the work for you. You have publicly available information on sponsors. Is my kid here after all? You have publicly available information on sponsors, on speakers, on regular employees. So before you go to WordCamp, check who is coming, check their websites, mark your targets, and then come and simply go talk to them. I'll share again about my work experience. I started talking to them at a certain moment, the things honestly got stuck. I wasn't getting the answers that I was expecting, but luckily there was an event right here in Sofia with one of their mid-level managers speaking at that event. So I bought a ticket for Digital K and I went there for the sole purpose of getting this person, of meeting this person in the hallway and asked him to help me with my problem with his colleagues from WeWork. He wasn't even part of the team working with me, nothing like that. But I went over there, I just talked to him, it turned out that we had friends in common, so after that he came back to London, he called his colleagues and they started cooperating with me and my problems were solved. So that's an excellent, excellent way to not only start a partnership, but also to maintain it, just use it wisely. Obviously, it's super cool if you can get a referral. Online stalking is definitely an underestimated process according to me, online being the focus here, right? So when you identify someone via LinkedIn, just Google them or Facebook them and see if they have hobbies maybe like yours, if they have a side business that you know. If they, obviously if you have common acquaintances and all that, anything would help for you to get to that person easier. Email would be the most professional way to approach someone. Unfortunately, we don't always have it. LinkedIn message is another option. Just keep in mind that you have to wait usually even longer for a person to respond because people don't necessarily go check their LinkedIn every day. Finally, general contact form. Larger organizations usually, not usually, always have someone minding taking care of the general contact form. And now usually this person will be responsible enough to get your message to the right person in the organization. Whether it's going to be answered or not, it's a totally different story. Don't expect that you will receive a response from the first time. This is okay, you should not get discouraged by this. In reality people, for example, would call emails, people then respond to them after two or three attempts. So just create an algorithm for yourself that you need to follow in order to make initial contact, do it again, remind you of yourself again, and so forth. Just be careful because the same goes that a common definition of insanity, and that's how that stupidity to do, is repeating the same action again and again and again and every time expecting to achieve a different result. It doesn't work that way.  Three times I attend to contact someone, view one on the same channel, and I stop and I change my strategy.  Try something else. One approach, the truth is that you have to do the work.  You just need to act proactively. We mentioned several ways to make a contact with someone. Usually you will be making your partnership proposal be a right thing. This is, I think, a very sensitive moment of establishing a partnership with larger organizations. So I gave several tips from you from my personal practice on how to make this proposal more successful. Keep it short. I will take the time to get to this slide in my notes until you read the slide. You don't need more than three paragraphs. This includes hello's and goodbyes. Keep it short. The length of your message is an important indicator for your level of preparation for this partnership. If you're incapable of telling me what you want in a couple of sentences, all I'm thinking is that you're not really capable of, you don't really know what you want at all. In which case, and this is bad for you too, in which case I suggest you go back, define your business goal, define your business purpose, and then start the game. Do not use professional challenge. There are two problems that you could create with that. First of all, people may not really understand you, or even worse, they may understand something totally different than what you're trying to tell them. Here, if I say SMBs, all you will understand is small, medium businesses, right? But if you check Wikipedia, Wikipedia offers 13 different meanings for that acronym. So you don't know that the person across of you is not necessarily well acquainted with your field of work. They might be in a totally different industry. You don't know what they will understand, so just make sure that you don't use any jar to confuse them. In general, just mind the tone of your message. Do not make extreme comparisons. The best, the only, the first, the most sellable, the most useful, this does not really work well, especially when you approach someone for the first time. What is good to do, however, if there is to compare yourself to a more established competitor of yours? This serves two purposes. First one, if the partner is not well aware of your field of work, which is pretty regular situation, you give them clarity of what you do and you give them easy clarity of what you do. How many of you know what send-in blue is? Put your hands down please. Okay, three people. How many of you know what mail-chimp is? There you go. Send-in blue, according to their own words, is the same as mail-chimp but cheaper. I'm not going to discuss send-in blue now. I haven't checked this for myself, but I'm just saying that when they approach me, this is what they told me. I don't know what send-in blue is. They just said, we're mail-chimp but cheaper. And then I was like, okay, so let's see what this, you know, cheaper tool goes and don't. I don't have to go on their website to research them, to check them and all that. So that's easy. Second thing, it's super helpful if your partner already works with your more established competitor. Because this means that your partner is open for the proposal you're about to make. And they're open for this type of relationship. And in this case, this makes your life easier. Avoid fancy language. I'm not going to explain you why to avoid a fancy language. I'll just show you this. This is an actual partnership proposal that I received, I think, a couple months ago. So let's read it together. My name is Yvonne, and I'm the co-founder of XYZ Company. So far so good. We provide multifunctional solutions, servicing enterprise-level customers and bigger installations. I'm sorry, I didn't get it. Maybe some of you did, but honestly, I didn't. But keep on reading. Maybe it will get clear. Is the technology continue to mature? And as we were able to recognize the value from the larger businesses, I need to take a break here. And how that could apply to S&V and their content marketing, whatever, whatever, whatever. It just turned on. I still don't get it. I read it three times. I don't understand it. You gotta understand how the larger partner takes here. Nobody has time for yet another email. You yourself, you don't have time for yet another email. That's perfectly normal. What you need to offer in the beginning when you approach them is clear vision and clear statement how your larger partner is about to gain quick returns from working with you. So you don't need to write all these fancy-spancy words. What you can do is simply this. Introduce yourself. And then attract their attention. A number of my clients already use online services and I think this can be extended. You attract my attention because people pay attention when you talk about them. Always. No one will see themselves. No one see themselves in the first sentence of your email, your writing proposals, and look away. Never. Everybody will keep attention. This simple sentence, the second one, achieves two other goals, too. First of all, you already told me that we have overlapping clients, which for me is great. You know, for me this means also for me this means more sales. And the second thing you told me with this sentence is that you have a plan how we can make even more sales together, even more clients. I love people with a plan. If I work with someone with a plan, it means that I don't have to do the plan myself. So I definitely read forward. Get to the point. Exactly. Just say exactly what you expect the big apartment to do and what you're going to offer to them. That's really bad. I'm sorry that you showed me I have five minutes. Okay, so I'll have to run forward. So get to the point. Tell them what you expect. Tell them what you offer. Tell them what you expect. Keep it specific. Here all you need to do is numbers and successful examples. Successful examples. Successful examples with their competitors. That is even bad feeling. All you have to do with your first partnership proposal to someone is to demonstrate what the partner has to win out of that relationship. I wish I could tell you that once you have written your email, you have a thread and answered and it's all done, but it's not. And there will be negotiations and once again you could easily come out alive and win and win if you prepare for that. Stay flexible. Most of the cases, a larger partner will always try to squeeze you and they will not take your initial proposal. They shouldn't discourage you. You just get prepared for that. For example, if on your website it says that you're giving 30% discount for resellers, but in reality you're prepared to give 50% discount for a bulk reseller, you don't have to approach your larger partner just offering the 50% at once. If it's important for them, they will ask for it for sure. And after that you're given to them but then you have the opportunity to ask for something else for you and return and to gain more of that negotiation power. It is not personal. We all love what we do and this is especially valid in the WordPress community. It is only human nature to get upset and to have our reasonable thinking blur when we get mad at someone if we feel that they don't appreciate our product, they don't value our service kind of. Don't do that. Keep emotions out. If you don't get the answers that you want to get at a certain level for developing the partnership, just ignore that try a different approach. Keep yourself focused and just move forward. It's not personal. I know that I just told you that it's not personal but still you have to work with personalities there because you have a contact person. That contact person is the gatekeeper to your partnering with that large organization. Because it's a large organization usually that contact person does not have the power to make your deal happen individually but trust me most of the cases they have the power to kill your deal individually. So be nice to people. Never act condescending. If somebody again doesn't give you the answers that you want don't go on telling them I want to talk to your manager. It doesn't work like that.  Plus after that when you actually start working when you actually start working with this company if you have been nice to this person you will have an ambassador within this large organization and it's also it's super helpful for you. The successful process of developing partnerships with large organizations depends on the persistence the positive attitude and the flexibility of the smaller party. This is the fact and that's okay. It does not mean however that if now you're in the position of the smaller party you need to give anything that the larger organization wants. You should never do that. Starting a partnership getting into the negotiations thinking about signing the contract you always have to know where to draw the line and this line stands right before you lose perspective or you're on your business goal. If something in a partnership does not satisfy you if it makes you compromise your values if it makes you sacrifice your business goal while you started in the first place you just say no. Often it's really cliche the world is big and salvation lurks around the corner. There are no irreplaceable people in business and certainly there are no irreplaceable partners. As you know I'm not on Twitter but please feel free to send me an email and if it's short and clear I'll be happy to respond. Thank you. It was an awesome presentation. Thank you. It was an awesome time. You guys again this is my work too. She was full time and how she did this very awesome presentation. I think we've got to appreciate it. Thank you. Okay now do you guys have any questions? We could also do questions in Bulgarian if I'd like to be more comfortable. Can I ask you a question? I would like to ask you a question. In Bulgarian do you have any partners who are excluded and who are excluded from your work? Do you have a small number or do you have any other reasons? Well... Yes I have a partner but for example I have a partner who works with me who is excluded from my work with him he is not an individual but an individual in my work. He was partially excluded from my work when I was in the second year of the year. But I think this is something wonderful that I think about. I have a partner who works with me who is excluded from my work with him who is excluded from my work with him who is excluded from my work with him who is excluded from our workingending and with him who is excluded from my work with him whom I accessed from the same place when I was at work and when I was at work the whole process paid attention that is continuously parts of the work and also what I'm doing with him is like a business They will be published next month and it was very exciting to fall in love with them and to thank them. In a way, it is not easy to participate. In fact, it is too easy. I think that everything will become possible. What is the moment when you start to write a book? The moment when you do this is the moment when you start to write something. This is when you write a book and if you try to start with something to make more progress and make no progress, and if you don't have the strength and the pressure to make more and more things, then you will be divided. There is a situation where you can make more progress. If you have other benefits, which can be other financial benefits, that is, you spend money from something that you spend with this partner, and this is okay, or you spend the money of the partner, that is, the partner does not keep the way you expect. Because of something that he does, you spend a lot of money of the partner, after you wear a shirt, but all this is dangerous for your business. The moment when you start to write something, because you don't know what is going on, because you don't know what is going on, you continue to write a book, you continue to write a long, long time newsletter about such things, then you will see how it depends. You don't have a good one. You write a good one. If a good one helps you to continue automatically, without anything else, then you have to stop it. When you have a good one, the next time you have a good one, you buy a book, the next time you buy a book. I believe that when you start to talk, it is okay to start directly with a good one, because you don't know what is going on, and normally, you don't know what is going on. As I said, even if you want to, I don't think this is a good way to speak in English, but I think it is a good way to do it. Yes, even not only if it is for a long time, but also for a long time. The whole long-term message is to stop the contact. If you are a Bulgarian and your future partner is a Bulgarian, you can write to me in English, maybe it will be the only difference between me and my emotions. Everything that is approaching you is okay for a long time. I am interested in your experience that will continue around the world. In the case of getting a new client or being created on a partner. And sometimes you say first for a client, then for a partner. I see that you are a Bulgarian. Because you are creating a partner that you are going to bring new clients after that. That is, if you mail an individual product to a specific client or to a new store that is a different thing. In the case of you, you are dealing with a person who is going to bring a lot of new clients on a partner. And from these methods that I have used on the path, I would say all of them on a partner if possible. That is the best way to say what kind of person you are looking for. If you have a business or a person you know they will help you and they will tell you what kind of person you are looking for. In addition, you can talk to colleagues if you can. In any way, it is okay to use a certain person who has a border and not to mix a lot of things. Yes, thank you. The question that we are asking at the beginning has no way to express a small percentage that you see and that you don't want to get involved. We have a lot of emails to say 2% I'm not sure how to explain it. I think this is the moment when we have a lot of clients and they work as a partner. In the case of a partner with whom you would deal with this and that. They don't work as a partner. They work to assess if this partnership is good for the company or not. But they don't work automatically and they don't think anything bad for the person who uses it. I'll show you a little what this particular business has. I want to get into it. Until I get into the company I'm ready. Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you


Kenya, where the outcome of the attack at the Dusset office and hotel complex last week could have been much more worse, were it not for the swift and calculated response by security forces in Nairobi, says the International Criminal Police Organization known as Interpol. The organization's Executive Director for Police Services, Tim Morris, has told the BBC that intelligence sharing between countries needs to improve to prevent further attacks. 21 people were killed when Al-Shabaab Gunman attacked the building there. Well, he's been speaking to the BBC's Senior Africa Correspondent Ansoy. It's one of the largest crime scenes that I've witnessed in a considerable while. It shows how complex the operation was for the Kenyan police. It also shows the ferocity of the engagement between the security forces and the terrorists. The damage is quite substantial and you can see what an impressive job the Kenyan forces did whilst there was a terrible loss of life. I think the potential could have been much greater had it not been handled in the manner it was by the Kenyan police. Well, they have been praised as you have just done, but then people are asking could this have been avoided? Well, that's always the case I think after a terrorist incident. We need to go back in a sober way and look at were there early indications, what could have been done, how can we improve our collective response. So we're looking at practical measures. How can national police forces, how can the region work together, remove obstacles that prevent the more rapid sharing of information and threat intelligence? And you play an important role in that because the nature of attacks of this nature is that they are transnational and that is where you come in. What's your comment on the kind of relationship and the intelligence sharing you have with member countries like Kenya? Yeah. Well, Kenya, we have a very good relationship. We've got nine officers on the ground, experts in digital forensics, crime scene management, explosives, ballistics, and this team is working hand in glove with the Kenyan police to make sure that the perpetrators identified, the masterminds and financiers behind such attacks are identified, and I think we're making really good progress together. And what about in terms of prevention of attacks of this nature? The very transnational nature of this threat that you've mentioned is very real issue. So what can we do to strengthen border controls to make sure that if a person of interest does cross a border, for instance, from Somalia into Kenya, do we know who's crossing, why they're coming across? Are they known to authorities on a potential terrorist threat? And I think there are many practical measures that we can work with all the governments in the region on to strengthen this. And in the case where they are known to the authorities, and in this case, we understand one of the gunmen even had a bounty on his head. He was on the wanted list, but he's been able, during that time, to travel to Somalia, to Tanzania, and here to Kenya to execute this attack. How come we end up with lapses like these for people who are known to be dangerous? It's a huge border between Kenya and Somalia, as you're well aware. And so there's both official transit points and unofficial transit points. So it's a huge issue, I think, for the Kenyan and Somali authorities to build an effective border. That's tomorrow's the Interpol's executive director for police services speaking about how countries need to be sharing information to prevent further attacks. And he was referencing their Kenya's attack on the Tulsa office and hotel complex, which took place last week. And 21 people were killed. He was talking to the BBC's ad source.


Felly, hefyd yn ei wneud y tîm nad o'rойn hwyl iechydol i gael Dôngcastur. Felly, fy modiwch, rydyn ni'n hyn yn siŵr, credu gynnig iron i'r hyn? Sefyddo i'n jodd o'r byd yn y camp ond again? BYD-y hyn yn y celf am y dyfodol yn y bérd. Rydym iawn o'r ymddangos yn ei ffafio, ac rwy'n ddim yn meddwl ymdyn nhw fyddai'n mynd i'r ffordd ymddangos o'r gweithio â phwyr? a'r ymarferio hyn yn y ff Todd yma yn gyfryds ar gweithio? I've signed a contract for two years. It's not just for the short term. It's for the long term, so in terms of how we're going about training and how we're going about our work is because of something that I want to put in place for a long time now and it's starting to show in game some of the things that we've been doing with the players in training. Obviously we identified this week that we have to certainly play a little bit better in the final third and that's been the work. How do you go about doing that then, is it giving them the confidence to have more shots on goal? What do you teach them to make that happen? It is. It's highlighting areas where we could have had more crosses going into the box and more bodies going into the box and certainly taking the opportunity to shoot. I was encouraging them more to shoot because it's a massive thing for the midfielders and not just the strikers. It's something that we've incorporated in training this week and I'm delighted to say that in training so far we've seen some wonderful goals going in so hopefully that follows through to Saturday. Anybody in particular who's impressed you on that front? Yes, we saw some stunning goals this morning from Doiley, from Billy Clark, Jack Payne, George Millar's got a couple of good ones as well. The strikers have been doing well with it and we need everybody to contribute. When they've not been doing it, is it fear factor that's creeping in that they're not having a shot? That's a good question. I don't think it's fear factor. We're probably sometimes guilty of trying to have that one extra touch or looking to set somebody up rather than just pulling the trigger. Again, it's something that we've just continued this week with them in the theme of playing in the final third. Well, we're talking strikers then. Let's talk about Bristol Rovers. Johnson Clark, Harry seems to be going through a phenomenal spell at the moment. How do you rate him? How do you stop him? Listen, he's a good striker. I remember him back when I was under 23 manager at Blackburn. He came on trial. I think he got released from Coventry then at that time. He took a while for his career to get going. He's had a couple of stop-stars. He's had a couple of injuries to poor lad, but over the last couple of months he's been phenomenal with his return of goals. He's a big player for Bristol Rovers and someone that we are obviously going to have to pay attention to. Again, it's not just him. They do have other players on their team that pose a threat. Is that always the danger that when there's somebody like that, there's grabbing all the headlines, there's so much focus on him. It comes to the detriment of looking after other players? Yeah, exactly. I heard Oli Gunnysholscar the other night talking about messing. You can't just plan to stop messing. You've got to plan to stop the whole team. That's exactly the same theory that we will go along with the rest of the group of Bristol Rovers. How dangerous are they then? There's a 10-point gap between you and Bristol Rovers, but they're still very much potentially getting dragged back into this relegation scrap. How big a problem could they be? I think they put themselves together with a good run under Graham. They're at home. They will be under pressure from their supporters to come out and perform. We've got to be right. It's more a case of us focusing on ourselves. We spoke about two weeks ago about building off the chart and performance. Some of the positive aspects are there. In my opinion, we improved again last Saturday in terms of performance. We've got to go and improve again in the areas that we've just spoke about and then look to trying to win the game. Which is great that the improvements keep coming in. Are you happy with that? Is the fear that you just might run out of games? We've only got five left. There will be a situation where we do run out of games, but hopefully we continue to see the improvement. That's what the focus has been with the players. We've got to continue to improve. We've got to continue to work with them because I'm not just here for the remaining five games. I'm here for the next season as well. Regardless of what division people might think we might be in or not in until it's confirmed, we're looking to keep on improving and doing the most that we can to win the next game. Football management is not an easy gig. Are you still enjoying it? You seem to be. I love it. It's not an easy gig, but it's a hell of a job. It's a great job. There's the excitement of Saturday already and what ways we can motivate, try and inspire these players. At the same time, my firm has not stopped all week with agents and people wanting to put forward names of players that want to come and play for Bradford for next season. That's exciting. From what I'm told, the season ticket sales, that excites me because the fans have been terrific and what I'm hearing already is positive from that side. We've just got to keep the excitement going from my point of view and look to continue to build in the summer. Quick word on the team. Shodd Scannell, great to see him back finally last weekend. Has he come through this week again? Brilliant. He's up stronger and stronger each session. In these remaining five games he will be a big player for us for sure. Just the brief cameo, I think the 20 minutes he had last week. He just showed you what we've missed in terms of pace and power and that ability to get you up the pitch. Obviously then on top of that you look at his quality as well that he possesses. He also strikes me as being the most laid back man in the world. Is he actually the sort of presence that you maybe need at this time when the pressure is mounting? He can be laid back but he can be vocal at the same time and you just see last week what it meant to him to be back on the pitch and how are you trying to take the game to Doncaster and we'll be looking for him to do the same again on Saturday. And just with regard to the rest of the team, any injuries? No, there was one or two knocks and bruises, bumps and bruises in the beginning of the week but no, we should be okay. Touch would go into tomorrow's training. So nothing fresh over the rule out stage. That's great. Thank you. As you said you've been working on improving the shot, taking it in the final. Yes. The one no defeat you've had recently, they've all come from similar breakaways, things like one moment of switching off. How can you counter that in training? How do you... We create those scenarios. We've created those scenarios in training this week to put the players in those situations and obviously then looking away and coaching them to, like you say, switch on, but the concentration as well and making sure that we're right at the back because last weekend in particular you don't want to be having more possession in the opposition and conceding that soft goal that we did. So that's the work that we've done this week and I have to say that being good at it and took it on board in today's session as well was good. Because it is at the stage where you say five games left. You've got to win them all really and that's been fully awake, fully concentrated for 90 minutes. Listen, it's about personal sacrifices now in that sense. We've got to do everything that we possibly can to try and, like you say, the first of my focus is obviously Saturday and after that we'll go game by game pod. I think you're right. I think we've got to win the five games and it's a simple equation. Because when you spell it out like that, is it easy to convince the players that that's the thing? That's it now. That's it. Before going on the Zill, this uncertainty of how many points you need and all that, the equation is simple now. We have to win five out of five, I think, for sure. So we've just got to concentrate on improving the performances of which we have done over the last couple of weeks. Seeing signs of the work that we've done with them coming out in the actual games and doing better in that final third is a bit repetitive from me, but that's what we have to do. It's quite good as the manager coach because you are able to identify areas and then be able to go and work in those areas. If there was something that was glaringly obvious and you go and work on it and obviously the last couple of games it has been for us in that final third. The five wins are such a win. Before it was always about looking at the points, the points number. Is it almost a case of just forgetting the points? No, it's no point now. We can't worry about anybody else, not that we did in the first place, but now it's such a simple equation. No, you've just got to win the game and then if we do that then you'll focus straight on to the Coventry one and it'll be the same equation.


Hello, welcome back on my YouTube channel. In this video I'm going to show how to calculate a stream power index using PCRuster tools in QGIS. I'll also show you how to calculate the sediment transport index. The stream power index, or SPI, is a geomorphological metric used to quantify the erosive power of water flow in landscapes. It's a measure indicating the potential for water to erode, transport and deposit sediments. It can be used to help predicting erosion and deposition patterns in a landscape, which is useful for understanding and managing a variety of natural hazards and land use issues. The stream power index can be calculated by using the natural logarithm of the specific catchment area times the tangent of the slope in radiance. The sediment transport index is a measure used in geomorphology to quantify the potential for erosion and deposition in a landscape. The sediment transport index is a function of the specific catchment area of a pixel and its slope. This index is used instead of the one-dimensional slope length factor as in the universal soil loss equation. My values of STI indicate areas of the landscape where overland flow is a high potential for doing geomorphic work, such as erosion and transport. Conversely, low STI values indicate areas where the potential for geomorphic work is low. Note that in literature you probably find different equations for these indices and also you can note that often the exponents used in the equations can be different. I have a digital elevation model here and the first thing I need to do is to convert this DEM to the PCRuster format because we're going to use PCRuster tools and output data type is scalar and I save it to a file on my hard disk called DEM.map. In this video I assume that you have installed PCRuster and the PCRuster tools plugin and you can see other videos on how to do this. Later in the process I need the pixel size and I can find the pixel size of the DEM in the later properties and here you see that the pixel size is 5, which means 5 meters. Note that the positive value of the pixel size is for the x dimension and the negative one by convention for the y dimension. The next step is to calculate the flow direction and I'll use the LDDcreate tool from the PCRuster tools. I keep all the defaults and I save the result as flowdirection.map. This can take a while depending on the size of your raster and here's the result. With the flow direction roster I can now use the aquiflux tool to calculate the flow accumulation but it also needs another input which is the material layer. This is a raster with the materials that need to be accumulated and in this case I just use value 1 as to be scalar so I count the amount of pixels that are contributing from upstream to the pixel under consideration. I save this as material and run the algorithm. This results as expected in a raster where every pixel has now value 1. I'll use this material raster as an input in the aquiflux tool. For LDD layer I choose the flow direction. For material layer I choose material and save the result as flowaccumulation.map. We run it and here is the result and we need to style it a bit to see what is calculated. Flow accumulation has very extreme values so let's first choose a ramp and use veridis but we invert it so the more blue the bigger the streams the more cells accumulate and if I switch to cumulative count I see here the drainage pattern. So the value of the cells mean how many upstream cells drain to that cell. The next step is to calculate the slope and you can find it under derivatives of digital elevation models. Use the DEM as an input and save the result as slope fraction because the slope tool from PC raster calculates the slope as a fraction. Here's the result. We can style it using single-bamp pseudo color because it's continuous data and we can stretch the colors a bit in the current map canvas. We convert the slope fractions to degrees and we need to use the atom function, the arc tangent or inverse tangent. So the input is the slope fraction and then the output is slope degrees. Run it and there is the result. So now we have all the inputs to calculate the stream power index. We can calculate the stream power index using the raster calculator. Create the following equation, use the natural logarithm, double click on flow accumulation, click the times button and add here the pixel size which is 5x5 meters. So we multiply the pixel size with the flow accumulation so we know the total upstream area or the specific catchment area of the pixel. Then we multiply this with the tangent of the slope in degrees which we need to convert to slope in radians and we do that by dividing pi by 180 which is 0.01745329 etc. We need some brackets to close the equation. Then we define the output name. Make sure you have diff as the extension because you cannot write a PC raster format and click OK and there's the result. Now we can style the result using the layer styling panel, choose single and single color. You see that the value range can be negative for the flatter areas and we can set that to 0. Now you can see in the legend that the more green or yellow it gets the more power the stream has for erosion. Now we can go back to the raster calculator to calculate the sediment transport index. Start with the bracket. Then similar as with the stream power index you need to multiply the flow accumulation by the pixel area. It's 5 by 5 meters to get the specific catchment area of each pixel. And we divide that by 22.13. Let's put this whole term in brackets because we need to raise it to the power of 0.6. As said in the beginning of this video you can see different parameters in literature. Here we just use 0.6 and this whole term will then be multiplied by the sinus with the slope in degrees divided by 0.0896. We raise that term to the power of 1.3. 1.3 was mentioned in the beginning of this video but 1.4 was what I found in literature. So different parameters can be used and it's a relative index so it probably depends on your area which gives the best result. So save the result also to a TIFF file. It doesn't work with the PC Raster output. And here is the result and let's style the result. Single and pseudo color and here you see it. There's also a huge range of values. We can play with the min max settings and cap the max to maybe 20 to see more contrast. So here high values of STI indicate areas of the landscape where overland flow is a high potential for erosion and transport. Now if these were many steps for you I also made them available as tools through the resource sharing plugin. Install the QGIS resource sharing plugin. Use the green icon that was added. Go to settings and click add repository. Call it PC Raster and add the URL to the PC Raster GitHub repository for in the resource sharing tools. Then go to all collections and install QGIS PC Raster user script collection and it will add 13 processing tools. You find them under scripts and there you see sediment transport index and stream power index. Let's test it. I have a DEM here in PC Raster format and I choose an output layer. Make sure to change the extension to PC Raster dot map because we're using PC Raster functions only and click run and there's the result which we can style and here it is with the inverted color ramp. So in yellow more the deposition and in blue more the erosion. Now I do the sediment transport index. Call it STI dot map and run it. Note that here we can set the M and the N parameter of the equation the exponents and here's the result. It has a lot of no data values. We previously also had that but the layers below obscured it a bit. We can see it and we can cap the max as we did before so we don't only see the extreme values there and then when we zoom in we can see the sediment transport index. I hope this video was useful. Please subscribe to my youtube channel if you want to receive updates. See you next time.


The next section here is going to cover capture app parity. This is features that used to be in the tracker capture app and that now have been redesigned and reimagined in the capture app. And the first feature I'm going to show you in this category is called breaking the glass. It is a feature that is useful when your end users needs to have a means of accessing records that is outside their immediate capture organets. Without giving the full access to everyone to all organets, you can now with the protected program level, the access level protected, designate that users should have the possibility of breaking the glass and accessing records outside their capture scope. If they can find a person, they are able to break in, as we say, if they need to, as long as they provide a reason. I'm going to give a short demo of this now. And I'm in my search form in a version of the Sierra Leone database. I'm logged in with a user that has access to Nyan Dama only and I'm searching for a patient that I know is not in Nyan Dama. The program is slightly modified from the standard Sierra Leone database as the WHO RMSH tracker program has been set to access level protected. If I search in my own organets, I will not find any results. But if I go and search in all organets and programs, I will find a person called Ava Degriksson, which was my search terms. But trying to open her RMSH, WHO RMSH dashboard, I get this screen. And I do have to provide a reason to get access to the record. The reason I provide here is stored in the database in an audit table. And each implementation should have follow-up routines to make sure that any abuse is followed up and by the system admins. Clicking the check for enrollments button, there is one enrollment that is active and I'm directly taken into this screen and seeing Ava's record in the WHO RMSH tracker. The access will be retained for two hours. So I will be able to add to the record, work with her in the record for two hours before the glass would have to be broken again for this user. The original user, the original organet will retain access as well. So breaking into a record does not take it over. You just gain an extra temporary access to the record. Okay, the next feature I'm going to show you is a quite small one. It's also a parity feature. It is the program stage setting that is called ask user to create a new event when the stage is complete. You can see it to the left here. And I will give you a short demonstration of how this works. The use cases for this is two-fold. You can speed up back entry scenarios where a user would have to normally enter many events, one after the other. This is a more direct access to creating a new event with less clicks. The other use case it supports is a reminder in clinical settings or point of care settings where you would generally have a new visit scheduled when you finish the current one. This would, for example, cover ANC visits where you would normally schedule a new visit at the end of a current one.  I'm going to open this already ongoing ANC visit here. And I'm going to complete the ongoing visits and save it. And when I do, I get this box. I can agree to creating a new event if that's what I want. And then I will be presented with the possible stages that can be added. In this case, I'm going with the ANC visit again. And the default screen here is for going directly to reporting a new visit. But what I want to do now is schedule a new visit later. So I'll go to schedule and click schedule. And as you can see, the schedule visit ended up here. The next feature I'm going to show you is a search form enhancement, creating a new tracked entity instance from search term. We now have a button for adding a new tracked entity instance if you don't find any or is not happy with your search results. This button will take you to the registration form but keep keep all the search terms that you had entered in your program. So I'm going to do a short demonstration and search by attributes. This is not a person that exists. And I can create new and the search terms are carried over to this form. The use cases that is strengthened by this is mainly allowing users to start by searching all of the time and this being a part of the user's workflow will potentially reduce duplicates in the end user and in the data in later rounds. The next feature I'm going to show you is a very short one. I'm not going to do a demo but mentioned that the high due date flag is now fully supported and when high due date is checked for a program stage, the due date will be hidden around the capture app and scheduling will be affected. This is useful to reduce complexity in the user interface and remove unnecessary data in the capture apps user interface. The next one is the attribute option combination selection for tracker. This is also a parity feature. We now allow selecting attribute option combinations in tracker programs. This is a screenshot but I'll give you a quick demo and switch to the child program up here. And as you can see, if I open an existing record and prepare there at the new events, I did not. Okay, I'm completely sure what happened there. I'll have to do something that happened to my metadata apparently so I'm going back to my screenshots instead of figuring out what's wrong. The implementing partner and projects was the demo category and as you can see here, the implementing partner projects category combo is presented now as one of the choices in adding the event to the enrollment. It's below the basic info and above the standard form when a category combination is used. So here you can see the implementing partner, which is one of the combinations being filled out and the project in the process of being filled out. To get this feature, you would actually have to upgrade your capture app after installing 240.0. The bundled version of the capture app in the 240.0 version is not containing this feature, but the latest capture app version in the app hub in the app management store will contain this feature. So just make sure you update your app if this is a useful feature for you. It would work from 238 and up as all of the other issues we have gone over so far.


I'm Kinsey Gray, and I'm here with Will McAndrew, the CEO and director of Amazing Energy. So Mr. McAndrew, can you tell me a little bit more about what your company does? Yes, we're in the exploration and production space in the only gas industry. We've got a property within the rights of 70,000 acres in the Pecos County. And we're a public company on the QX exchange. Alright, so as a smaller cap energy company, how do you compete with these giant exons of the world? Well, first off, we are small, so we're nimble, we're quick, we can get things done, we don't have the red tape, if you will. But the bottom line is that I think there's three things that you really need to look at. And one of those is that you don't overpay. You don't make money when you sell, you make money when you buy a Warren Buffet set. And the second thing is, in our particular case, we have others paying our way. Since we own the property, the rights of the property, other people come in and pay for all the costs of the wells, and we get half the well, and they get half the well. So we don't have any CapEx budget. And then the third thing is, do your homework. Put the time and the money and the resources toward being able to understand what you really have. And so those are the three things we're doing. Exons are a wonderful company. I worked there for five and a half years and four generations of my family. But I think the bottom line is that we can get in and find things with relationships and bring those properties and projects into the company and move on quicker.


Hi Cheryl, this is Ashley. Thoughts more Toyota. I just wanted to send you over a quick video greeting that way you can see who you'll be working with. Thank you so much for your recent interest in our 2016 forerunner. I have provided all the information above in this email. If you have any other questions please feel free to give me a call. My number is 502-247-166 or you can also email me back. Thanks. Bye.


So if you have your Bibles, let us open to Matthew chapter 2 verses 1 or 2 And we're going to read and we believe us. We get into God's word. God's word will begin to change a life Amen Let us read from chapter 2 verses 1 or 2 and it says now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king behold Wisemen from the east came to Jerusalem saying where is he who has been born? King of the Jews for we have seen his star in the east and have come to worship him This morning We just want to be able to share a few lessons that we hear from the wise men that we can learn and apply into our lives We believe as the wise men came to worship Jesus to Jerusalem There's few things from their lives that we can take and apply into a life that we can see that the birth of Jesus Christ is not just a celebration for us this morning It's not just something that once a year we come and we get gifts or some of us We don't get gifts and we're depressed or for some of them who give gifts It's not just about the gifts But there's things and principles that we can learn from the story of the wise That we can apply to our lives and we believe our lives will be changed in man church. Are you ready to learn this morning? I want you to say to your neighbor the wise Still seek him tell it to your neighbor to your other neighbor the wise ask him. Are you the wise? Still seek him today One lesson that we can learn from the story of the wise men that a Relationship was born at Christmas and new relationship was born from Christmas We know as the birth of Jesus Christ We see from that story that there was a relationship that was born It wasn't a holiday. It wasn't a religion It was not a thing that we come to celebrate by a relationship was born at Christ's birth We have to understand something from the lesson of the wise men that they went to Jerusalem to worship him But they also worship Jesus outside of Jerusalem They went to Jerusalem to celebrate his birth to give him gifts to give him a duration to praise him But also they worship Jesus outside of Jerusalem because after they gave him the gifts It says that they went back and they were rejoicing and they were worshiping God What does that have to apply to our lives a relationship is born at Christmas because our life is It's not just a Wednesday service when we come to church It's not just a Sunday service that we become we we spend our two hours in church But it is a relationship that we maintain with Jesus Christ It is not that we come and we say okay as Mondays belongs to me because the work day Tuesdays belongs to me Wednesday to use service that is that is God's Thursday is my own Friday. I do whatever I want Saturday relax and Sunday is God's From the story of the wise men We know that they went to Jerusalem to give him praise and worship him, but also they worshiped him outside of Jerusalem This speaks to us about a relationship that is forever This speaks about the Monday through Sunday It is not our life, but it's the life for Jesus Christ that we live It is the relationship that we maintain on a daily basis. It's not just it's a Sunday thing It's not just it's a Wednesday thing But my whole life is given to Jesus Christ I spent my whole life in a relationship from the one that has created me a man a Relationship was born at Christmas. We have this thing. It's a Sunday sickness. It's a thing that I only give to God What belongs to him on a Sunday? I only give to God what what you know the the 10% a little bit of my You know, I'll read a little bit so I don't do bad I just give God what belongs to him and we do not understand that our God Jesus Christ was born at Christmas. He gave us a whole life So you also can give yours to him He didn't give just a Sunday to us, but he laid down his whole life at Christmas He was born the whole life were to be made as a sacrifice For our lives that we can give our lives as a sacrifice back to him He proved to us through his birth that I want a relationship with you And I just do not want just your time just a little bit of your motion just a little bit of your money But I want your whole life. I want your heart Christmas is not about just to come to celebrate It's not about just what we can give to others But it's a reminder to us that a savior was born that he was interested in your whole life and Spending it talking with you and spending it walking with you and spending it knowing how you feel where you are in your low times We are in your high times through the middle of the times whatever that you are God is passionately in love with you God was so passionate in love with you that he was willing to prove to you that I'm gonna be born in a stable I'm gonna be born at the lowest part so I can come into the lowest part of your life and give you a hope Give you a new birth give you a relationship that lasts a lifetime a man church a relationship was born at Christmas if You make your relationship with God an occasional thing Your problems will be permanent if you make your relationship your love with God a Permanent a relationship forever your problems will become as one of those things as things that come and go as things I just they spring up and quickly die out when we make our relationship with God and and just a Sunday thing our Problems will be permanent. We were never meant to do life by ourselves We were never meant to go through life just oh, I'm given this thing.     We also as a church We also as believers as christian have to make the same decision that as God made a promise Not to leave us not to forsake us We make a promise to have a relationship forever We have a promise to him that I'll never leave him when I have money in my pocket I'll worship God whenever I have no food on the table. I'll still worship God whenever I am blessed I'll worship God whenever I don't have anything I'll still worship God naked. I came into this earth naked I will go but God's name will forever be glorified in my lives in my church And that is a relationship forever put your hands together for jesus christ We see that you know our life is not just about church not just coming in to give god what belongs to him But also our life is outside of church. We see it from the example of jesus christ The more miracles was done outside of the temple by jesus There was miracles done in the in the temple and but more miracles was done by jesus outside of the temple This shows to us and an example is that our life not is not just about Sunday services But it overflows outside of the church amen How many of you this morning saying that i'm gonna have a relationship with jesus forever? How many of you are saying this morning that i'm gonna love jesus through highs and low and nothing Will separate me from the love of god amen put your hands together for jesus christ We have to understand that knowing god is a lifestyle and it's not an event Knowing god is something that would do monday through sunday There is no time that we take a break a break in prayer a break in a relation with god is a break with Is is a break from living in peace and comfort and enjoy the moment you take a break from jesus christ That is the day you take a break from prosperity from healing from peace and from contentment from your life A challenge you this morning as we celebrate christmas That is a reminder to each one of us that a relationship was born at christmas not gifts not santa Not christmas she's not those lights not slippery roads and snow that we barely get but a relationship that lasts for a lifetime amen church A second thing that we can learn from the story of the wise is that those who seek him Find him not those who wait on him god did not give us A wishbone but he gave us a backbone god gave us a A life that is there to seek because in the bible it says those who seek will find those who knock will open Those who ask will receive it doesn't you know Many of us were like well, you know if god wants certain thing he will make it happen for us But god also challenges us that the shepherds did not just sit there and say oh the angels appeared Jesus is born that's awesome. You know they went and they begin to follow the star They begin to look for jesus christ. Where is he's born? This speaks to us of consistency and commitment and hard work Now if we want to see things happen in our life, we want to see god come through in our life We have to seek him We don't just sit there and begin to proclaim god's promises wishing things happen But we begin to work out and begin to cry out to you begin to walk after you if you're looking for blessing And certain things are not happening. It's not just you come one time to sunday Oh, you know i prayed one time and blessing didn't come It's maybe it's the will of god that you begin to seek you begin to work hard at it You begin to ask god you said in your word that those who seek will find and you begin to seek god You begin to pray to god you begin to ask god and then god begin to come through for our lives amen And that's something every time in our home groups.  How come you're not showing up god is genuinely interested in every era of your life Is it sickness that you're talking about is it the problems in your family? Is it there's a divorce that is threatening your marriage? God is genuinely interesting to take you out of your darkness and bring a hope to you and bring a joy And a peace of contentment that surpasses all understanding for your life because he wants to remind you that i am not Just interested in your attendance to church I was born in the lowest part of my life because i want to be able to come to the lowest part of your life And pick you up and to have you seated in the high places with god I want to take you to a place where everywhere that your footsteps you begin to conquer that land Wherever your hand touches will begin to prosper that whenever that you walk in you'll be blessed Whenever that you walk out you'll be blessed whenever you are in your storms the deep inside of your heart You will have peace because a hope was born at christmas man and church That is what our god wants to show us and remind us that at christmas a relationship was born that when we seek God you will find him those who walk with god are never left on the side Even davin the bible says i've been young and i've been old but never one time seen a righteous forsaken Or his descendants has begging for bread many times we i hear this thing. Oh i have You know i have school i can't give my life to god, you know i'm so busy here Sometimes there's work sometimes there's things and they said i need to you know if if i don't take care of my family Who will you know i how do i have enough time for god? But david in the scripture has proven that if you trust god with your whole life You will never be in lack you will never be on the sidelines You'll never come to a point and says god has betrayed me because god says Test me and see if i will not open up the windows of heaven that there'll be so much blessing that you say I cannot handle it. There's too much for me That's one thing that i always challenge the young people and i tell them to look give your life to god Now that is one thing that you'll never regret that is one thing that you'll never say Man i give my whole life to god and i'm broke and i am i am sick My life is in is broken into pieces But every single person that took that challenge with god said god You have my heart had came up to say man. How can i how can i even right now?   We're not following You know idols we're not following you know some you know men of god or hollywood stars or things like that But our standard is the word of god We see what the word of god teaches what the word of god begins to challenge us with and we know that is Our standard that is what we follow. We're not follow We show in church and men of god that the god uses to this day But still we are reminded of the promise that That the last day is god will sprout a spirit upon all flesh that means it is available to us We are following ministry where god moves god's healing does there's prophecies There's healing but we also reminded that the standard is the word of god What we see god do mighty miracles in the book of vax where god uses apostles who were murders God was using people who were shaky who did not know left from right But god began to use their life and this encouragement to us that god can do it for our lives.  It's many times people say oh god spoke to me god spoke to me and they don't read their bible So how do you know god spoke to you god speaks to you through his word and by his spirit And that's when you know god begin to direct you begin to lead you begin to guide you begin to You know, wherever that you do you begin to prosper that because god and the word are one Jesus and the word of god are one and that's what it says in john that god And the word are one amen church and we challenge this morning that Following the star is making god's word a standard for your life That you have to give quality time for god's word that you begin to give god's word the best time of your life You know in in in this church we offer Monday through Friday to be able to come at five in the morning With the church doors are open you can come and spend your quality time with Jesus christ If in the morning if in the morning it's hard for you to pray at home You can come here and you know, you can find a pew you can find a place in the sanctuary It can spend time with god and those who see god Find them and when you find god you will find solution to every problem that you face in your life Amen church And that is why we have to take time to read god's word With consistency begin to give read god's word not Occasionally but give god's word the best time of our day when you wake up in the morning begin to give god that time Begin to spend time with god's word begin to splash around god's word to understand What is god's word saying to you to be able to know that god's word?    There's hell in your marriage Just remember that this thing is morning messiah a saviour and a hope is born for your marriage if you are cursed If you're in depression if you are in torment if if you cannot sleep at night Remember that as saviour is born for that too and he wants to take the hell away from your life this morning If this morning you're saying I you know, you don't know my life. You don't know how bad I am.  I am a nobody. I just want to just go over the list real fast and remind you Of the messiah who was born to these people.  Naomi was a widow. Joe went bankrupt John the best John the baptist eight bugs. Peter denied Jesus disciples fell asleep while praying Martha worried about everything The samaritan woman was the worst more than five times Zakeel was too small. Paul was too religious Timothy had an ulcer and Lazarus was dead But each and one of them they realized that messiah was born for their life And their lives became The champions of faith that we read about today in the word of god Their lives became heroes of faith that we stand upon and know that the wise men still seek him today They know that messiah and a savior was born amen church And this is why we celebrate christmas because a hope was born amen


Let's get started. You're all here because some of you might have or might want to start developing on some new hardware. Most of you would be probably familiar with this kind of stuff, debugging with a debugger. I guess all of you who have debugged an embedded system have also done something with JTAG on debugging the hardware with that or the software with that. I'm not really going to talk about that because I assume that you're really familiar with that. You're doing that every day. But what I'm talking about is what if you're getting new hardware, something that has never run before, something that no one has ever booted up before. How are you going to verify that the hardware is working and get the software running while you don't even know that the software is correct? Or how do you know that the software is working when you don't even know that the hardware is running? A lot of people do this style when they're doing the software bring up. You have it on your table, connected to computers, serial output and everything and try to figure out whether it does what you're thinking it should do. But sometimes the serial output isn't really working and you go back one level and connect your oscilloscope and try to figure out whether it does what it's really doing or should be doing. If you're here to learn about electronics, I must disappoint you. I'm not going to teach you that it's not possible within just half an hour. If you want to hear about that, you can invite me to a conference. I do a half day full day talk on that and you will learn about electronics all the way down to the electrons. What I might be teaching here you is a couple of tricks and techniques or actually more the tools how to use these techniques on how to debug hardware the first time you're getting it and you don't know what it's doing. If you want to learn about electronics, get this book. It's the Bible. It's better than any other book on electronics I know. No. But believe me, this book is worth learning German for. Only just for the book. It's a thousand day challenge pages in the current edition and it contains everything you ever want to know about electronics. Every German electronics engineer has this book. One at work and one at home at least. And people like me own about five copies of it. Just a little remark. I will be naming a couple of products and companies during this talk. I'm not endorsing their use. I'm not working for them and I don't get any money from them for managing. If anyone from these companies is here, I would like to get some samples or borrow some of these devices for a longer time if possible. So the most basic instrument you will need and I tell you will really need that is a multimeter. For electronics, if you're not doing real hardware but just a software side, it doesn't need to be a fancy one. It doesn't need to be a fluke. Definitely not. You don't spend your whole month's salary on it. 50 Euro multimeter is enough for what you do. What you have to look for is that it covers in voltage and current the range you will need. Most probably the upper range what you need is 20, 30 volts for normal electronics. If you're dealing with mains, 400 volts at least. In current, usually you are below one ampere most of the time. 10 amps is more than enough for everything you will need. On the lower end, make sure you can measure down to one milliamp better than micro amps or so. And also something that is very important is this little symbol at the bottom, this diode. Most people don't use it but it's the most, single most important measurement you will need as a software engineer on the multimeter. Because that measures the diode voltage on... I'll talk about it later. You will see why. The other most important instrument you will ever see is the oscilloscope. Mostly because electronics guys will have it. And mostly because with that you can debug timing. Timing of signals when they happen, why they happen. The oscilloscopes you will be needing will not be expensive ones if you need one actually. But I still encourage you to use one of the big three. Tectronics, Agilent, LeCouar. Because if you choose one of the, let's say Chinese ones, you might be measuring things or seeing things on the display that are not happening actually. Or you are never actually sure what you're seeing is actually happening or you're measuring something out of thin air. And at least the low end techs in Netherlands are quite cheap these days. You can buy them for from $1000 up. It does not need to be a high end one. Usually a couple of megahertz is enough. As a rule of thumb, the analog bandwidth should be about five to ten times higher than the highest digital frequency you are measuring. And the sampling rate should be at least five times higher than the analog bandwidth. That's actually something that the Chinese ones always trade off a bit. They have a higher analog bandwidth but the very low sampling rate. Within the Nyquist limit, but Nyquist limit says basically you have to have twice the sampling rate than the signal you have. But that applies only for purely sinusoidal signals, which we don't have. Digital signals have very, very high harmonics. That means the spectrum goes five, ten, hundred times higher than the actual signal frequency. But you need those to see the square waveform. If you don't have these harmonics, you're seeing anything but the signal. And if you want to see what the signal you have on the wire is correct, you will need this high bandwidth. So for a 10 megahertz signal, which is what you will probably see on an SD card, 10 to 20 megahertz, you will need about 10 to 200 megahertz of analog bandwidth and about one gigahertz, one giga-samples per second. The 2024 tectonics we have here is one that is available in that range. I think it costs about $2,000 or so, or $1,500, not quite sure. If you need an oscilloscope, get your company to buy one of these. It's really worth it. Don't go for regal if you can't avoid it. If you're a hobbyist, well, you can go for regal, but I would advise you to save up a little money, buy it a little bit later, and go for tech or natural and instead. It really, really helps if you can trust your measurement system that it really does what you think it does. In recent years, we have seen this kind of oscilloscope, pure USB-based ones. I have not yet had much exposure to these. They look cool. The specs are usually nice. Chinese ones aren't available, so I guess the engineering is good on them. But here also, please pay a little bit more money to get a better one than save money, because it's really worth it to know what your measurement system is doing. The other oscilloscope kind of thing is the logic analyzer. If you've been in Matt's talk yesterday on Sigrock, you might have seen a couple of presentations on that. This one is probably the thing you will be using most, because with that you can analyze what your signal is doing, when it's doing and how it's doing, and it conforms to your software. And unlike those oscilloscopes, you can measure over a very, very long period. Getting samples over a second or two seconds with high resolution is easily possible with logic analyzers, but it's not possible with an oscilloscope if you don't spend 10,000, 20,000 for your oscilloscope. If you are going expensive, you can buy one of these. This nice baby costs about 15,000. It is an oscilloscope with a 16-signal logic analyzer attached to it. The big advantage of it is that you can measure or you can trigger the analog system by the logic analyzer and vice versa, so you can correlate what your system is doing, the digital system with your analog system. And that's really helpful if you have a sensor generating interrupts, and you want to see that the readout of the sensor really works as it is supposed to work. If you are going the cheap way, the OpenBench logic sniffer is available for about 50 bucks. Nice little thing, I must say, works 99% of the time if the software works. The software that comes with it does not anymore. Z-Grog is much better choice for it. So if you get one of these, get Z-Grog instead of the open logic sniffer, and save you a lot of time. I have one of those and I use it often for work because it just works. For most of the stuff I'm doing, it's a fine thing. A little bit more fancy is this one here, this costs, if I'm not mistaken, 200 euros. It has more pins. The sampling factor is also with 20 megahertz, quite fine, but the software support is much better than Z-Grog can do, but only available for Windows. Otherwise, great thing, just works out of the box, no fiddling with anything. It works. How many people of you have worked on USB devices? How many of you have hated not being able to see what's going on in the bus? Good. This is the thing you need. Yes. Total phase is, from the Linux support, great. They develop the system, the whole software in a way that is portable between Windows and Linux, and they do regular updates. If you buy the hardware, you get more or less indefinitely the software support. This one here costs $1,500. It's the bigger one of three, the middle one. It does high speed USB. There's one that does only full speed and low speed, but I recommend you, if you have the money, get this one, because it has one big advantage over the other, the small one. It has signal beside the USB input output. It has four input and four digital output pins, with which you can measure timing. I had to bring up a complete USB stack on a CPU that was not fully supported yet, and figuring out why something is not working all the time is very, very tedious when you have the suspicion that it might be a race condition. It turned out it was a race condition in hardware, and the only way you figure that out is when you can get the timing information from your CPU to your GPIO pin, somehow out, and into the USB system to correlate it with the packets. As I said, the software is available for Linux, works, I never had problem with it. Same thing on Windows. Well, Windows, you wouldn't do it because Windows generally cannot keep up with the high data rate this one generates, so we don't want to use it there. One very, very important instrument most of the people forget is a bench power supply. I've seen a lot of people struggling with getting their hardware working and seeing weird, weird stuff going on until they figured out that what is happening is that the power supply was not good enough. And there's also a reason why I put here an HP or these days Agilent power supply, get one that is good. They cost money, a damn lot of money, but it's worth it. This one here is so stable you can do with that high frequency electronics and it will keep your power supply stable enough for it to work. Cheaper ones like one that Konrad sold a couple of years ago can actually fry your electronics. We had one that creates a 40 volt spike on the output each time you switch it on and off. Your electronics might survive a couple of times, but it will degrade over time and at some point in time it will stop working, you don't know why. Please, get a good one, it's worth it. So we have learned what kind of tools we have. Now the big problem is how to apply them. Unfortunately, when I wrote for the first suggested talk, yeah, that's easy, there are just a couple of things you should keep in mind and it's all easy, five minutes to explain that. And then I figured out, well, no, for someone who knows electronics, it's easy, yes. But for someone who does not, it's not so easy. So I'm going to pick here just two cases that are most common in the case of developing or bringing up new hardware and not mentioning the whole rest. If you have something that doesn't work correctly with your board and you can't figure out what to measure, please contact your hardware guy. There are enough people around, even for the hobbyists, that know electronics. You can find them at least in most embedded Linux channels that can help you getting that done. Otherwise, get the teacher's shank, the book I mentioned before. It's worth it. It explains you how to do things. The first thing to get hardware running is actually get one of these. It doesn't have to be a Beaglebone. It should be more the one evolution kit that the CPU you're using with, working with. Because if you're starting your software, running in a hardware that you know is going to work is a big plus. If you don't know that the hardware is working and you try to get your booting system running, I've done it. It's a pain. It's a big pain. Also, make your hardware guy, whether you have a say in the development, stay close to the evaluation board. It really, really helps if you have the evaluation board to go back to to try your software and figure out whether the things you are seeing is the software not working correctly or the hardware having a small flaw somewhere that is hard to debug. Get also a couple of the evaluation boards to modify. Your system will always have modifications be different than the one you're using on the evaluation board. But an evaluation board is to be messed with. Solve the thing out. Solve the new things in. Get it working the way your product should be working. It will really help you to get later the software done. The next thing you should be getting is this. The datasheet of the processor of the important components of your system. I know most of you should know that, but in the embedded linux channels I'm in, it's mostly really a problem that most people just don't read them. Everything you need to know about your processor, how to access the IO pins, what resolution the video output can support, it's written in there. Please read it. I know the datasheets these days are intimidating. Modern SOC has probably some reference manual range of 1000 to 3000 pages. At least game over it that you know what's written in that. These are also mostly split into the reference manual and the datasheet with the reference manual being a general overview how to work with it in the software side and the datasheet usually containing the pins of the package and the electrical specifications. But the border where the line where they cut it, what is reference and what is datasheet is not always clear. So please look to the datasheet as well. There might be some information in there that you as a software engineer might be needing. The other thing you will need is this guy here. The schematics. How many of you can read schematics? Good. How many of you can't? Okay, I'll teach you later. No, really. The schematics is usually easy to read. There are very few things you need to know as software engineer. Your hardware guy can teach you that what you need to know in five minutes. And this thing contains all the connections you need to know to be able to configure your hardware correctly through the software. It doesn't take much time to read it, so please refer to it. For people who are working with the Beaglebone, Minnow board or whatever is out there, please have a look at it. If you don't know what pin you're working with, the schematics tells you. You don't have to look at the layout. Please don't look at the layout. Following traces there is... No, just don't do it. The next step of getting the board working is visual inspection. This here is a section of a board from a well-known US company that is quite known in the BSD world. These are the three of the SD RAM chips. I have marked here on one the power supply and the ground pins. Who can tell me what's wrong with this picture? Yes, exactly. We have here around each chip four decoupling capacitors. Yes, it's actually two because they are shared between the chips. We have eight power supply pins. Rule of thumb in electronics is that for each power input pin you have, you have to have one decoupling capacitor. And for SD RAM chips like these that can draw up to two or three amps in a short time period, this is not going to work. If you ever see something like this, please take something heavy, maybe in the range of a piano and drop it on your hardware guy. This is really the most annoying thing you can ever have because in 80-90% of the case it will work. And then you do something that is slightly different, just add a line of code of something and it will create data corruption. The things you have to look out is, as you see here, there are not enough decoupling capacitors and things like this where two of the power pins are going to the same via and to the power plane. Yes, it's really horrible. The guy who did this design, I told him that this is the reason why he crashes off the design of the board, told me it's a bug in the Linux kernel. The driver for the network interface isn't working correctly. Yeah, right. I fixed it with a soldering iron. What actually happens there is this is a simplified one of a switching system where we switch on a load and here see this is the voltage on the load and this is the current through it. What you see here is at the time you switch on, there's a huge oscillation due to the capacitance and inductance to every electrical system. You will see that each and every time everywhere, whatever you do, if it's slow, if it's fast, you'll see that. What matters is actually if you can keep that low enough that it does not interfere with your electronics. The SD ramps I have here are inherently analog components. They are not digital. We measure the voltage of a capacitor to determine whether it's a 1 or 0 and the difference we are measuring between 1 and 0 are one-tenth, two-tenth of a volt. So if your power supply is dropping half a volt because of the switching of the output pins, your measurement is going anywhere but to be correct. So please keep an eye on that. If you have a guide or something like that, you know what you need to do. Next step in getting your system running, get a power supply band and two multimeters. What you're doing is you program the power supply that it will deliver the correct voltage and a maximum current you expect the board to use. Give it another 10% so that the inrush current at startup is handled but limit it so that if you have a short circuit that the board will not get fried. The multimeters are for the measuring of the current and the voltage on the board because you don't trust what the power supply is giving you. The multimeter is always more accurate even if it's not calibrated. When you have power applied and nothing smokes, yes, it happens more often than you think. Measure all voltages on the board. You will always have these days two, three, four, five different voltage rails. Measure them and ensure that they are correct. If you have an oscilloscope, please also measure them on the scope to see whether they are stable. If you see something like this, go back to your hardware guy and tell him that his power supply system is not stable. This happens very often and it's usually... I can't say it's due to bad design but it's starting from an assumption that is not really true and it happens more often than you think. That's why a good hardware guy on the first bring up will measure power supplies to ensure that you have a stable enough power supply to power your system. I couldn't find a better picture. I was talking about diodes before. This picture shows you the standard in 99.9% of all chips, how pins are connected, both input and output. Here is the pin of the chip and here we have the internal electronics of the chip. At the pin you have two diodes, one connected to the power supply and one connected to ground. The reason for this is to protect the electronics from too high and too low voltage to ensure that the device always properly works. If the diodes wouldn't be there, a small spike going below or above the power rails could fry up your electronics forever. And these diodes are the ones that help us to actually ensure or determine whether the part is correctly soldered. With modern BGA cases where you have a lot of pins that you cannot see anymore, this is what you should use if you want to verify that your board is correctly soldered. What you do is you take your multimeter, set it onto the diode mode and measure the diode going to the positive power rail and the negative power rail and ensure that you have around 0.3 to 0.7V of diode voltage. If it's considerably more or less than that, then something is wrong. Most probably a bad solder joint. Give it back to your hardware guy. Let him figure out what is wrong and give it back to you then. If you cannot ensure that your software will do anything about what you want, you measure it to the power rail. You measure it always between the pin and power rail or ground. In this case, this one would be the pin itself and this here would be the positive power rail. Other questions? Yes, clamp diodes. They clamp the input voltage or output voltage to the power rails. This is a picture that Russ gave me a day or two ago. I put it in because it's really nice. It shows how bring up usually works. We have here the device itself with cables going to a peak-based miniature oscilloscope to measure, I think it was SPI. SPI was. And to see the signals. This is probably the thing you will be doing most with electronics debugging in the software world because you're usually interacting with the outside world through some pins, through some signal, accessing a bus, SPI, I2C, SD card or whatever and want to know where it's functioning correctly. The way to do this is, for example, to use a logic analyzer. That's the one I would recommend as long as you're sure that the signal looks correct from the electrical point of view. Go to a logic analyzer, put it in, check whether what you're expecting on the pins is actually there. I've seen a lot of software being written and not correctly working, like accessing SPI APROM that works most of the time but sometimes it just didn't do. What happened was that two of the bytes were swapped in the protocol and from software you can't see that. It's just writing to registers but here you actually have the signals and with the protocol decoder you see that what's going on and you can check with the datasheet of your device but that is the correct way to interact with that. Another very neat thing is that's one of my devices I had half a year ago we were measuring, we got an interrupt from an outside system and had to power up then a sensor and measure continuously from that sensor and something didn't quite add up in the measurements we got and it was very weird, it half worked and half didn't. What it was is we got the measurements here and somehow in this little place we got a gap of 100 microseconds where it didn't measure. Finding this out with pure software means no way. What it was actually is that we had a priority inversion on some interrupts and a lower priority interrupt interrupts us in the measurement there and mess up with it. I've given you a small overview of how to debug software how to interact with the hardware and what to drop on your hardware guy if he's not doing what he's supposed to do. Do you have any questions on this? Yes please. Not stable enough. These power supplies are meant to power a motherboard or hard drive that have additional power conversion units on it and they stabilize the instable power supply a lot more. Additionally, PC power supplies have a minimum power rating which means you have to draw a certain current out of them for them to be able to work correctly and with today's 400, 500 watts supplies you have to draw at least 10, 20, 40 watts or out of them and waste it somewhere so you have halfway stable output. If you can't get to do that your output is anything between 0 and 12 volt and fries your electronics and doesn't work on the power supply, please. It's worth it. If you are in the States, actually you can get this for 100 dollars. In Europe they're a little bit more expensive. Used ones go for 500 euros or so. Yes. Depends on what I'm measuring. Most of the time I use the internal frequency reference of the oscilloscope or the logic analyzer because for my things that's stable enough if it's off by 1% which is really, really a lot for these things I don't care. If I have to do high precision measurement of the clock or something I usually have frequency references give me a 10 MHz signal calibrate my oscilloscope with that and then go to measure my signal. If you need this kind of precision go on eBay, buy one of the rubidium standards that are available for about 100 dollars and you're done. Yes, you can also buy GPS but please buy something like a thunderbolt or one from Jackson Labs one of the furries because the usual GPS frequency thing is that you can buy that are not timing the references will output directly what your GPS system is generating and that fluctuates a lot it fluctuates with every fix it gets so if you really want to have a stable frequency get one of these GPS DOs GPS Discipline Oscillators that keep the frequencies stable they don't fluctuate with every fix they average over multiple fixes to keep the frequencies stable. Yes. I found an interesting one that I found a couple of years ago with plugable devices that you don't realize that if you're plugging something in that has its own power supply it may not be at the same ground level and what happened was when you plugged it together it crashed because the ground caused a current flow into the board that caused the power supply to bounce. Yes, grounding is the bane of all electronics actually. Usually for the things we do it does not matter because our systems are compact. If you're doing something on a bench that is distributed over a meter so you have to be careful about that you don't have any ground loops. I recommend there a book called The Circuit Designers Handbook I think or the Secret Designers Guide I'm not sure. It has a whole chapter on grounding and how to do it properly. The thing is you should really get your hardware guide to have a look at grounding before you do software because it's easy to mess up there even with small things. Yeah, I know. I've built devices. I've done that myself. I mean built something then realized that the ground is not working correctly and fixing that is pretty hard. I have what? I don't know. Yes. Because I grounded it. So that is like... That's actually something you have to keep in mind if you're doing measurement with oscilloscope as well. The ground of your probes is connected. So if you're having two probes on different devices connect them over the oscilloscope so we have to ensure that the ground level of both is the same. Not only DC, but also with high frequency because if you have anything that runs with 100 MHz you will have high frequency components on your power supply and they will travel on this ground loop. Any other questions? Good. Thank you for coming. Enjoy your last hour here in Edinburgh and have a nice day.