Brilliant Sordio presents the unabridged recording of Endless Forms Most Beautiful, the new science of Ivo-Divo and the making of The Animal Kingdom by Sean B. Carroll, performed by Arthur Murray. For Jamie, Will, Patrick, Chris, and Josh, Preface, Revolution Number 3 The physicist and Nobel laureate Jean Perrin once stated that the key to any scientific advance is to be able to explain the complex visible by some simple invisible. The two greatest revolutions in biology, those in evolution and genetics, were driven by such insights. Darwin explained the parade of species in the fossil record and the diversity of living organisms as products of natural selection over eons of time. Molecular biology explained how the basis of heredity in all species is encoded in molecules of DNA made of just four basic constituents. As powerful as these insights were, in terms of explaining the origin of complex visible forms from the bodies of ancient trilobites to the beaks of Galapagos finches, they were incomplete. Neither natural selection nor DNA directly explains how the individual forms are made or how they evolved. The key to understanding form is development, the process through which a single-celled egg gives rise to a complex, multi-billion-celled animal. This amazing spectacle stood as one of the great unsolved mysteries of biology for nearly two centuries, and development is intimately connected to evolution because it is through changes in embryos that changes in form arise. Over the past two decades, a new revolution has unfolded in biology. Advances in developmental biology and evolutionary developmental biology, dubbed evo-devo, have revealed a great deal about the invisible genes and some simple rules that shape animal form and evolution. Much of what we have learned has been so stunning and unexpected that it has profoundly reshaped our picture of how evolution works. Not a single biologist, for example, ever anticipated that the same genes that control the making of an insect's body and organs also control the making of our bodies. This book tells the story of this new revolution and its insights into how the animal kingdom has evolved. My goal is to reveal a vivid picture of the process of making animals and how various kinds of changes in that process have molded the different kinds of animals we know today and those from the fossil re-


This study proposes a novel wireless monitoring system designed to detect acute myocardial infoxions, heart attacks. The system utilizes two sensors to measure respiration rate and body temperature, and then processes the data with an ESP32 microcontroller before displaying the results on a PC. If any abnormalities are detected, the system sends an alert to the PC. This system has the potential to improve patient care by providing timely notifications of heart attacks. This article was authored by Isna Fatima Dazzara, Idua Gethari Wissana, Priyambadakaya Nugraha and others.


The PREP-1519 study was developed in Brazil in 2017 to provide evidence for the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis, PREP, among adolescents. It was made possible by the collaboration of various stakeholders including governmental bodies, scientists and activists. These collaborations enabled the study to be completed despite conservative political climates in Brazil. This article was authored by Sandra Garrido de Barros, Sandra Assis Brazil and Thais Regis Aranya Rossi.


left so we had supporting claims. That was the first one that I want to check with you since that's the one that we did. Kind of at the end of the class I was going over how we should do those. So that's where I want to start. So just make sure you send me your answers please through the chat so I can check those out. Forgive me if I'm looking around a lot. I got three monitors again now so you know I'm kind of like I got you guys over here and I got the chat over here and I'm just kind of all over the place today so we're making it work. All right so I got enough I think we can kind of get started with that. All right looks like one more person is here. Let me finish my attendance. Beautiful. Love to see it. All right so let's take a look at those supporting claims questions that we got here and talk a little bit about how we're supposed to do these for the SAT. So let me pull this up right here. All right so again we're looking for something that supports the idea or the claim that is presented. Now some of these are a little bit of an easier style like I think this first one is a little bit of an easier kind of question where we're really just trying to look at like which piece of evidence would be the best in terms of like what kind of evidence gives us the most support for something. So we don't have to get too much into the content here we're really just comparing the different answers that we have you know so we have this case of photography and you know we get the idea that he's planning on using some of this the student here Laura is planning on using some of this photography from this very noteworthy photographer right so the question is kind of like all right what would be a good justification for that decision to use that photography right so we got a few different options like it looks like most everybody here is saying A which is that the photos themselves are really really good there they capture unique characteristics of a tribe right and you know they go we can go back and see that okay there was an uncontacted tribe in the amazon and that we're discussing remote cultures around the world so this is something else to keep in mind like if her class is focusing on this topic then obviously I would want to pick you know a source material that really focuses on that topic and if I got a guy who has pictures of people from an uncontacted tribe in the amazon that seems like a pretty good justification so I already like that first answer I think you're all right there let's see what the thing says let me wait this somehow got in my way yeah A looks right to me I would agree again the pictures themselves are what matter here we're looking at using this person's work as source material so I think everybody got that right that looks pretty good to me now it looks like everybody here is saying C for the next one let's take a look at this so this is a similar case like I also would consider this bit of an easy question on the test because you know we're just looking for like a quote from the different interviews and so all I want here is a quote that sort of fits with what she's trying to say in this piece that she's working on so she's getting opinions about lab grown meat right and this is sort of the claim she found most people were open to trying out new food sources if they had assurances over safety and sustainability so this is sort of her thesis right this is like the main conclusion she's come up with based on what she's uh heard from these people so all I want to look for is again which quote is going to do that the best way which which quote kind of illustrates that you'll notice again sometimes supporting claim questions have longer answers that sort of force you to slow down a little bit sorry I'm a little a little congested today um but just look at like the first lines to help you kind of eliminate some answers like it's hard to say for sure it's probably not going to be the right answer you want a clear position from the beginning um lab gourmet isn't natural I don't trust me okay this is the this is the hater this is the person who doesn't like this idea that doesn't go with what she said here so I'm going to ignore that right away could be a great alternative already I like see and then this part kind of goes off topic like it's like oh this is cool and whatever but it's not really good answer so you really don't feel like you have to necessarily read every single word in these answers try to filter quickly by those first few lines like I can tell this is negative we want something positive this one is ambivalent it's ambiguous it's in the middle I don't want something like that I'm going to want something that's affirmative and so this one is affirmative this one's off topic so C seems right to me good stuff um I got looks like a lot of a for number three as well let's see here so we're looking for evidence for his theory again I got to figure out first what is the theory that I'm trying to support that's always the first thing I'm going to do with supporting claims all right so I kind of look in the the text here for the word theory I see this theory so I know I need to go backwards and okay so he disagrees with the conventional wisdom that their population claim was due to over the population resource depletion instead it was the infectious diseases okay so he's saying that these people of Easter Island died because of disease not over population and resource depletion so I just need to find some evidence that would show that they got diseases and maybe skeletal remains showing evidence if european introduces diseases that seems pretty good let me just check the others real quick resource depletion that's the other theory that's not what we want a journal entry all right mentions of illnesses I mean that's not bad but I don't know if it's the best one paintings and carvings dispeaking scenes of sickness and death okay um I want to examine a couple of these because like I feel I feel like a few of these could support the the theory here and Mariana you you kind of said you were stuck between two options here so I'm kind of curious what you think um how would you make the choice between a and d I remember I remember that the question so maybe I can read it and then tell you okay yeah that sounds good any other opinions here on this stuff while we're thinking about it so again what I want to think about is like what's the best most concrete form of evidence here I think that's really something I want to make sure I pay attention to like if I'm looking at this set of choices that I have here one of these pieces of evidence skeletal remains having with like evidence of these diseases this is pretty strong like that's okay I dug up some bones and like I can see that the evidence there that seems like a pretty good you know piece of evidence for me to use I would probably be inclined to use something like that you know a journal entry is a little more anecdotal right it's like one person's it's hearsay it's not necessarily concrete evidence so like that's something I'm not so sure about um looking at the other option of the paintings and carvings like again that's not bad but at the same time like do we know when those paintings and carvings were put together do we know for sure that that that we're interpreting those correctly like what if it because notice it says could be attributed to foreign diseases brought in by Europeans like it could be but what if it isn't what if they're just like drawn pictures on the wall like this evidence is the best evidence because like that's hard evidence I've got skeletons with literal you know image it like I can look at the damage the diseases did you know that that like actually left on the body like that to me would be better evidence which is kind of what I want to look for here so again keep that in mind you might see more than one item supporting the theory but like you got to pick the one that gives you the best chance of success here like the one that would convince other people the most right the hardest piece of evidence um I think a little what you got here looks like a lot of people said D for four so I think we're going to go through this one pretty quick all right so D was quantifiable days showing people with the key to that explicitly reduced cholesterol and LDL levels compared to baseline that seems pretty good to me um the findings again I want to look for the word findings the research showed that they experienced reductions of body weight waist circumference total cholesterol and LDL levels okay so if I see total cholesterol and LDL levels that's a good match that's probably the right answer yeah looks like it is now the again looking at some of the other options here like testimonials online survey those are not as good those are not great pieces of evidence like there could be other factors you know quantifiable data is like I measured it I went to I had you come back and I studied your body weight and I did testing on you I didn't just ask your friends and family or ask you to complete a survey like I'm getting data that is like legitimate scientific data so keep that in mind when you're looking at these supporting claims questions like some of the some of the questions are asking you just to figure out which kind of evidence is best and then other ones are asking you to think specifically about you know this exact uh situation which I think is the case in number five um so I'm seeing some C's I'm seeing some B's all right let's take a look at some of these um which one would most support the hypothesis what's the hypothesis here it is he hypothesizes that this decrease may be due to an increase in predators okay so we got a fish that is declining and they he thinks it could be because they're more predators all right so I got to find the predators where are the predators okay he plans on conducting surveys of predator populations species such as the tiger sharks and bluefin tuna okay so very simple logic here if there are more predators that would probably suggest less of whatever this is cyanopsosilatus right because these are the things that eat that so if there's more of these that would explain why that would support his hypothesis so I'm looking for an a piece of evidence that shows more predators right so increase in the number of tiger sharks and bluefin tuna oh but there's a catch they appear to be feeding on other species so no it's not that decrease in those populations that would that would be very confusing all right so we got C and D based on your answers so we like B if B is true decrease in shark then that would be saying that there's less predators so something else must be causing the decline in this like if the things that eat you are gone you shouldn't have to worry about being eaten so you should be doing great being eaten would suck so it's nice if you don't have to worry about that um let's see here survey reveals an increase in the number of predators that don't typically feed on cyanopsosilatus okay so that would explain why they're declining but that doesn't support the researcher's hypothesis he's specifically looking at predators so yeah C is the only answer that makes sense here okay that's correct good stuff all right pretty straightforward we're gonna do some more of these later um that i think which i think will help but uh again supporting claims like you want to make sure you're thinking about what kind of evidence is the best generally hard evidence like quantifiable data physical evidence you know test results scores like those kinds of things are better evidence i'm gonna prefer those answers if i have answers that are like oh other people's opinions or anecdotal evidence or like survey things that's not always as good you know i probably don't want to use those if i don't have to and then making sure that like what you choose actually does support the claim or hypothesis or findings in the text all right so that's first one all right send me your answers for grammar i sent you grammar number two uh i want to see those next these should be easy peasy i told you these were easy peasy before but i want to make sure they're easy peasy for you grammar questions ought to be the easiest ones to do on this test um so i want to just do a quick check see what you got so send me your grammar question answers from set two please and thank you and if you need access to all the stuff remember that all the files are in the folder all right the folder that i made um that you know i put in our group chat and there's also like linked in descriptions of our videos i've been putting up videos lately about this stuff so uh all that materials in there if you don't have any of these pdfs you know you can go get them but you guys obviously you're in the whatsapp group too you should be able to get them there if you have any technical problems or need me to send them to you directly just let me know all right i got it all low i got my shells i got the other studies looking good everybody's given the same answers so either that's a wonderful thing or a terrible thing we're going to find out you know could be could be the best thing in the world could be could be terrible we'll find out that's one two three four people who did their homework five people did their homework you love to see it mariana all right let's go yeah these don't take long you know i tried i wanted to make the the homework small little chunks little things you can do quickly you know just 10 minutes here and there a little workout every day it's good for you so let's see give you like another minute there's sebastian i like it thank you sebastian you're making my day all right let's check it out all right everybody's got the same answers i'm seeing the same ones so let's find out if y'all are right all right let's uh let's go i'm still sharing the screen i think i'm not sure yeah looks like i am okay uh let's see here so again grammar questions remember just read what you need i just want to look as soon as i see this conventions of standard english remember i just want to take a quick look at my answers and i see oh it's playing with grammar it's playing with pronouns specifically so all i got to do is just take a look at this blank and figure out what comes before this right um so we're talking about type type of something right i might even look back and see if i can find another example of that phrase here and i do see this type of urban design is up here so that's a clue um and i would probably want to be consistent in my text right but again we're we're describing it as we speak so i would probably say this type of design like since i'm describing what you know the situation is i would probably use this type and that seems like the right answer to me so good job um all right let me shut up my what's up for a second sorry it keeps beeping in my ear um all right so yeah i got yours two finances go thank you let's check it out all right i'll everybody's saying d for this one as well again just verb forms right if i see the same verb in four different forms one of which is not the correct word at all this is not a form of the word see all right that's that's a thing that you put in the ground to grow a plant um many prison reforms are increasingly seen i would want to use the past participle here that is correct d good job all right lovely y'all are saying b for this one let's check it out all right he called it brad's drink and you're saying it was made all right that seems right to me uh we're talking about the past tense right he called so i would use the same thing past tense and since it's an it this is not correct but b is correct easy pz 11 squeezy let's go all right everybody's saying a for number four all right that flourished in what is now central and southern mexico all right they're playing around with the order of words a little bit here they're playing around with the right way to phrase this in now known as no that would be weird these two are definitely wrong what in now no yeah a is the only one that's a complete sentence y'all y'all had no problem with that good if you did we have bigger issues all right number five everybody's saying d for this one too you guys are all unanimous if you love to see it all right so again i see the same thing i have a bunch of different verb forms right so all i gotta do is make sure i have the right tense now it's use continues to grow ensuring something for future generations now i got a couple choices here that could work pretty similar um but i think one is better than the other right uh because i have this it's i probably want to copy that and be consistent and that's why i would say d you could i mean see could work you could say ensuring survival for future generations but there's a problem with that that i want to make clear before we move on i want to make sure that it's clear that we're talking about the language this whole paragraph is about the language now what oh right now what oh now what oh like every sentence starts with now what oh so i want to make sure i'm staying consistent with that if i just say survival it could be talking about like the future generations like ensuring survival for the people like as if knowing this language is key to survival like if we don't learn this language we're all gonna die or something like that so it's important to make sure that you don't create ambiguity make sure that you're keeping the meaning clear by saying it's survival and know that we're not talking about the survival of future generations we're talking about the survival of this language which is the topic of the paragraph so all y'all got that right good job to you love to see it all right we got one more to look at sentence completion set seven i threw a little bit of a harder one at you so we're gonna check those out and then get to work got sentence completion seven five questions big chunky answers let's see what you got send me your wonderful responses you guys made the grammar look easy i like that grammar really shouldn't be hard that's that's that should be the easiest kinds of questions so i like that you're doing good on those we'll we'll probably not do any more of those now that i'm happy with how you're performing you did pretty good in the supporting claims too i might have we'll have to see how we do on that all right i got michelle's answers already when you send me answers it lights up my day it makes me a happy person i do a lot more homework than you guys too so i think it's really fair that i ask you to do the homework because i i gotta make all this stuff and then like clean it all up make sure it looks decent and then like organize it all and then like plan a class like you so much do much homework like i'm asking you guys for just a little bit i don't know did his i like it all right but i'm cisco we got a little bit of variance we have we have some different answers in some different cases this this makes me happy i like a challenge all right i'm seeing i'm seeing a lot of b-a-d-a-d a lot of badad but then i'm also seeing babak i'm seeing badukada yeah trying to put all the letters together and say words all right interesting we're kind of all over the place this is this going to be fun all right i like it when we're not all 100 agreement but looks like everybody so far agrees on the first answer that one has been unanimous so far you guys are all saying be here for this let me just make sure my screen is on i lost my fourth monitor guys recently i had four monitors the fourth one broke so my setup's a little jankier than normal i hope you can forgive me um but it's it's still working okay so all right everybody says be for this first one so let's take a look at this um again i want to i want to talk real quick about our strategy here because remember that we're trying to complete the text and a lot of times these are going to be at the end of the paragraph so i'm kind of looking for a conclusion that is like either summarizing or thinking forward and i want to make sure i understand the topic of the sentence so i like to go back and read that first sentence so i see we're talking about feudalism which was the economic and social system in medieval europe impact on the development of the region all right so just knowing that it's re-emphasizing that point shaping the development of the european continent i want to look for one then that kind of does focus on that so culture of superstitions this this is like a side note this is not on topic enough fostering the growth of a powerful and influential noble class that would shape the social and political landscape that could be good social you know was up here too uh along with emergence of new technologies uh i feel like that's not really what it was trying to talk about foundations of democracy that's interesting i don't see where that would come from feudalism though feudalism was pretty exploitative if you paid attention in history class so i'm with you guys i think b makes sense looks like we're good now the second one though we have some deviations we have a lot of people saying a but i see some other answers here too let's take a look so i mentioned the computer all right computer has been a game changer damn right man i'm using one right now it's amazing all right um transforming our lives opportunities automation seems pretty pretty good um it seems like that would be a good answer let's see there's a this d one's also not too bad giving us the power to accomplish simple tasks reach out and connect with others although the intermediate areas a little bit of an odd point there revolutionized the way we think and interact with the world yeah i don't know all right that one's not terrible um but i would say it kind of repeats a lot of the same ideas i don't know and then this one seems negative i don't think it would be negative and this is just wrong so i would agree that between a and d those are the answers that you all have provided i'm leaning more towards you know a here because it does summarize everything pretty well but it also explains the result of that productivity and efficiency you know which i think is important and i would agree with that answer a like again i want to think forward so this one did a nice big summary of the points in the paragraph but then it goes forward by explaining the results of all of this which is a good place to end your paragraph whereas this ending is a little bit vague like you know in a remarkable way i don't know how be more specific than that i think a is better all right three i've got some b's i've got some d's i even got a c we're all over the place on this one interesting i would love to hear some justifications um all right julian what do you think of for this number three what why do you have d what do you like about it um i chose d because wait i'm getting to the question right now it's because i it's basically because i didn't think it was the other three okay i didn't have the process of elimination yes all right fair enough i can work with that um michelle you got a different thought here what did you think about c yes so because they said that they were inspired by the art novel um i just like interpreted that they stopped like maybe having some credibility and then shaping and influencing the design industry okay yes all right so yeah let's take a look we'll take a closer look at that i want to hear also um some ideas on some of the other ones here uh sabastian i don't know if you got your mic working today because i know you had some issues with that before yeah but if you could tell me what you thought for b i'd love to hear it then maybe not i know you was i know you were having some issues before with that um all right let's take a look at some of these options then so first of all it's about this art in a moment a movement moment uh i don't know what that is but that's fine whatever it's it's it emphasized organic abstract forms symbolism you could see some examples of it here paris metro cool uh adopted by modern artists all right so i probably hear you know want to get in touch with like something related to those uh modern artists right this this answer would probably want to be something connected to them um looking at the first one it says though not popularized in the 20th century even though it was a major cultural force during its time i don't i feel like that doesn't really go with it doesn't really make sense not popularized or widely accepted by the fashion industry like i'm not sure why the fashion industry was necessary to mention here you know i wouldn't throw that new idea in at the end of a paragraph so i'm going to say that one doesn't make sense noticeably absent in the modern of the 21st century despite all right so that one i could see some logic behind it like hey you know modern artists except for this one but it was good in this one i also think though that this kind of goes back and forth a lot and doesn't really like conclude in a coherent way like i don't want to go back and forth where i'm like hey lots of modern artists except these ones but these ones did like it goes back and forth and i don't really want to do that too much um so i'm like in c and d but now this this thing here right who introduced himself is adopted by modern artists who refuse to continue to shape or influence the design industry like i don't know why i would have all that info about like these artists suddenly refusing to engage with the industry like it doesn't quite make sense to me especially because we're focusing more on the movement and the like work itself you know so i feel like d is a better answer inspiring the works of many contemporary creatives that makes sense with the modern artists shape the artistic world of today also makes sense with this idea of modern artists like it doesn't take a different direction it stays coherent and i would say i probably would choose d and that is the right answer um and yeah it leaves it leaves this last point that it wasn't accepted so much in its time but you know i think that uh that's something that we can you know they point out here that it's coherent with the rest of the sentence and at least that point is at the end you know it doesn't go back and forth it presents a clear case and then points out this extra detail at the end i would rather see that detail here at the end than somewhere in the middle like in these cases because i feel like that is going back and forth and it's better to kind of you know minimize the number of times you change directions if that makes sense so um yeah that's what i would say i think d's a good answer there all right fourth one um it looks like everybody put almost well there's some c in here too so let's check out some of the other options you got but uh war and peace classic novel all right so i just want to go here it's influence has been profound so all i'm looking for now this is nice easy one to me i have the word influence and i just want to look for the answer that gives us the best influence right and right away inspiring and inspiring kind of both catch my attention right that's how you influence something you inspire somebody seems like a good answer inspiring generations read the thing more deeply about war peace understand okay this seems like a pretty good answer um brace the power of love and understanding that surpass any barriers such as those created by politics or religion if i was between these two choices i would just want to check the paragraph a little bit to make sure that it talks about those things a little bit um i didn't see anything about religion in here so that's why i would not mark c in this case this this word religion doesn't fit okay um there's something that's not there whereas war peace that's the title of the book that's probably the right answer uh this is pretty extreme igniting the flames of chaos and destruction man that sounds like some metal lyrics right there yeah that's not the answer a is the answer yeah inspiring generations to think more deeply about the very topic of the book which is its actual title who would have thought all right last one i got some c's i got some d's let's take a look at c and d again the introduction of elie whitney's cotton gin helped lay down some of the building blocks that did a thing all right so without going back to read let me just take a look at this real quick all right sparked a dynamic shift in global politics that seems that seems probably too i don't know i'm not sure how this would happen lay down the building blocks i don't know about this uh led to an unfortunate increase in world temperatures due to increased industrialization on the environmental factors maybe i mean that's kind of maybe true but like i have to go back and look propelled the country into a vicious space exploration i don't know much about the cotton gin but i know it was during like plantation slavery days this seems a little too much so right away i'm already looking at d and saying would eventually lead to america becoming one of the world's most influential economic powers that kind of makes sense for me now if you do not have a lot of american history and knowledge i would encourage you to like read up a little more about it because having a little bit of historical context can make your life easier like i know that this cotton gin is around the time of slavery and so we were a very agrarian society like we this is before the industrial revolution so i already that's why i can tell you see is definitely not correct and i also think that like b doesn't really make sense like i don't know if i would blame elie whitney for global warming that just seems like a stretch you know these both to they go too far forward now d though it says would eventually lead to america becoming one of the world's most influential economic powers and and i feel like that is a good statement like that is true eventually lead to it's a good conclusion it's a good forward thinking wrap it up these your answer good stuff everybody all right so um yeah let's go and stop sharing those for a second we're gonna change gears for a minute here and talk about another kind of question and then we'll get into some more stuff um real quick before we continue uh with the other stuff in the class i just wanted to point out that um i had we had you guys do a practice test on thursday if you were not here thursday and did not do the practice test in blue book please do it um and if you did do it and you haven't sent me your personal scores please do that too because i would love to have those um i actually only have hang on four people the only i the only four people that sent me their scores juliana francisco arollo and mariana if you sent me your score and i didn't say your name just now forgive me i was running back and forth from spain i may have missed your message uh but if you could just hit me up again and send it to me that would be great because i want to see where we're at and i want to see how we're doing um we're gonna be doing more of those as we get closer to the test but since we're about halfway through it was like a good day for us to actually do one of those practice tests that's why i wanted to you know do those with you guys and take a look at what we got so please make sure you send that over all right all right so i want to get this on here for you because we're going to talk a little bit about another kind of question which are the paired passages all right thing doing that it's weird the camera doesn't want to focus it on me it's looking really weird there we go all right well let's get to it um paired passage questions these are still a thing and i'm talked about them a little bit but i want to go over this role in more detail and give you some practice with that real fast um you identifying these is probably the easiest ones with the note taking questions you know how i just said like just look at the notes you see the bullet points you know what you're dealing with same thing here if you see two texts it's a paired passage it's that simple you should be able to identify these in microseconds literally so real easy peasy um strategy for these very simple strategies that i want you to think about okay first of all make sure you read the question carefully the biggest mistake i see with these questions is people go too fast on the question and they don't properly analyze it they get it like backwards you know so you can make mistakes if you don't pay close attention to the question all right so make sure you take your time read that question understand which text you are focusing on because it may and which order you need to do that so find the information you need from one text and compare it to the information from the other and the order you do that will depend on the question so i can't say here that you're always going to start with the first text or that you're always going to start with the second text it depends on the question so you've got to analyze that question first and then you can actually get a good answer on this this thing so i also encourage you to think about the relationship between the passages like if you can tell that one passage clearly disagrees with the other then your answer is going to be a disagreement like you're not going to pick an answer where both of them are like super happy together you know you're going to pick one where they have differences maybe they ask you to find the one thing they agree about right but even then it's probably not going to be like a super bromance level of agreement it's going to be like all right well we both think this is okay you know like we we can kind of agree on this one point we're going to see some examples of this but and i'll show you what i mean with this right here so this is what a paired passage question looks like i have not seen a lot of these on the test when i took the practice test i only saw like two on the first test i did and i saw like two or three on the second test but anyway um this is what you're gonna see so right away you're gonna see text one text two we're gonna ignore all that for now and we're just gonna look at the question on the right here make sure i read this carefully it says how would fokarelli and panetta most likely respond to fans findings text one all right somebody tell me anybody which text should i look at first speak to me what do you think what text would i do first there it is a cheat it doesn't why is my thing so bouncy yeah it's bouncing around well there you go there's your answer um why do i need to look at text one why would i start there but yeah now what do you think why am i going to start with text one the second text because it says a how would fokarelli and panetta most likely respond to fans finding and first you need to like read um the opinion or like claim of fokarelli and panetta and then um defense finding and to know um how they will respond to to his finding all right i see your logic and and it follows the order of the question i think there's a maybe even a faster way to approach this though because here's the thing like if i want to know how somebody responds all i really need is to know a little bit about their position right like but when it comes to the findings i need to understand like a whole idea so i probably for me i'd probably want to start with the findings like i personally would go for the this first like which of these two things is more complicated a response or somebody's research like if you ask me the research is more complex and so i should try to figure that out first so that i can just easily figure out what the response would be okay so i get the logic of like thinking all right well i want to know what these people think and what their whole perspective is and you could probably do it that way too and get the right answer also but i think it's important to think about like order of operations right so i want to try to kind of figure out the the most complex thing because what if what if focurelli and panetta are like explaining something and they expect you to understand something from the previous part and now you're like not quite understanding what they're talking about you haven't been introduced to the topic so it might be good to look at text one here in this case first and the other thing is that it's easier to find this information to start and i think that can make it easier for you to then figure out the rest so me personally i would recommend that you start with the concept that is the most complex which will be the research or the findings or the claims or the hypothesis how these people would respond is actually a little bit simpler to figure out i'm gonna show you what i mean okay so like if i go here this i'm gonna look for the word findings right and i see the word found over here so i know because it says found that that's where the findings are in text one so she modeled in a major of newspapers found that subscription prices would rise following a merger okay so if companies merge the price goes up for the consumer that's the thing that matters here so now all i gotta figure out is what would these other two people say about it so i'm just gonna go over here and see all right they've argued that research on the effective mergers on prices has focused excessively on short term effects which tend to be adverse okay so right there i understand that what they're trying to tell me is that the effect that the previous person was talking about the fact that the subscription prices would rise are short term effects so all i need is an answer that addresses that problem and i want to back up a second here again you see where i started with text one and i understand the effect of mergers on prices like it might be difficult for me to answer just with this part like i don't know what that effect is you know um so it says tend to be adverse but why and by going up here first i was able to figure out that like okay we're talking about the prices um hit me in the chat what do you think the answer is for this like i think there's an answer that pretty clearly addresses the point that foccarelli and panetta are focused on i got those michelle you too let's take a look Clarice with the question mark i like your question marks yeah it looks like everybody agrees that it's c and i i also think that that's the right answer again i just want to point out how it is important to be careful with these because if you miss information from one you could choose the wrong answer like you know for example the short term effects tend to be adverse it says they're negative right but like you could maybe say well then maybe the long term you know increase or something i don't know maybe it'll increase and be better i'm not sure if that's good or bad this part being adverse i need to understand what that means i need to know what those short term effects are and that information is up here from the findings so again that's where i personally like to start here i i could see how you could go to text two directly and maybe even not even look at text one and be like oh short term effects so they would just say hey well does it do that over an extended period in the long term maybe you would answer this in a naturally really fast i don't know but i would i would encourage you to just try to get the exact information you need from both parts and i think that's what we got here and that's why i think c would be good again i don't need to read all the details of the first part or all the details of the second part i'm just trying to focus on the information i need to answer the question all right so um i gotta get rid of all my annotations yeah all right so again uh we'll get back to these in a second we'll get we'll get to these sentence function ones in just a minute but i want to i want to get you doing some paired passages and see how those go so let me drop these all right so i'm just sending over paired passages set one i'll put it in the zoom chat too because i know some people need that let me get that i made so much material today i don't even know it was it was an exciting day there was great productivity and production all right so paired passages set one there are five questions in here for you to do again these are also in the folder if you need them i'm going to give you five minutes oh you know what i'll be nice and call it six minutes because these is your first time practicing these and they're a little tricky all right so i'm gonna put a timer up though for six minutes and then we'll do those and that'll be that'll be the thing i don't know why man microsoft is always asking me for like permission to do horrible things to me all right cool i'm starting the timer now six minutes to go and then we're gonna check your answers you guys have about two minutes and 30 seconds all right first answer is coming in you'll love to see it let's go you got 48 seconds in real life it should take you at most five minutes and 50 seconds so you should if you're not done send as many as you do have if you only finish three send three if you have four send four i do like to know where we're at even if you didn't finish all of them still send me something because like i got to know what we're getting done in five minutes and 50 seconds i got to know how we're how to improve our time i got some tips that i'm going to give you a two i got some ideas for how we can go faster on the test okay some like skills because right now we're doing it you know this way but we got to start practicing more blue book and getting faster at that so i'll show you who noises all right timer's done cool all right i got an answer so i got francisco's i got a dollar those i got julian i got four people's answers let's go there's like 10 other people here i should be more answers i need them i'm thirsty for your answers i want them in my life all right um all right cool you got you got money and that's that's six we're halfway there lovely you love to see it there's more people here juliana even if you you know even if you don't have them all it's cool thank you sabastiana i appreciate you all right good stuff where's my michelle there's my michelle answers some michelle answers i need some of those oddity on answers those are like shiny answers man let me get all right at those got those money on our responses you like those uh-huh i answered this first that was fun all right all right we're gonna start getting into it let's take a look okay so sharing the screen paired past the jews let's do it all right now let's hide some toolbars here all right so how would straws and larzelaire most responded girsof and diran's claim the physical discipline has been linked to mental health issues all right so i want to understand again i want to understand the claim first that's probably where i'm going to go first i'm looking at your answers every looks like those people say d for this first one let's uh let's take a look at diran's claim so that's in text too all right uh so yeah he's saying that mental health issues such as depression or anxiety long-term psychological damage geez okay so disciplinary action is like too much physical discipline creates this problem all right so i want to see what these guys's perspective is so they say physical discipline when used appropriately and in moderation can positively influence the child's development all right so right there i kind of think i got the idea that might be present here like here it says too much here it says when used appropriately in moderation so there's a point where both of these guys agree uh let's see if d is that point since that's what everybody's answering that it can be linked to mental health issues if used inappropriately but still it's an important tool that does seem when done in moderation that that feels like a good answer to me good job i like that all right so again i'm just trying to look quickly at what i need i looked at diran i read this i went over here uh and i said that i i didn't even really read much more past this this is all i read try to do that try to just read what you need don't like none of this matters uh none of this really matters and this is probably good you know um and yeah look there's even a little bit more even they acknowledge this at the end like if i kept reading i would definitely confirm my answer but like this was all i needed to kind of see the the key point that was different all right so fair passage number two taking a look at your answers it looks like everybody says see i like the unanimity let's take a look uh so met calf respond to the claims by this guy to shane so i'm going to go to dishen verse for his claims that carbon taxes can be powerful incentive to reduce emissions without stifling growth or disproportionate alright so he's saying that like you can have a carbon tax and the economy won't just die and it can actually be pretty useful all right and then this guy let's see what's the relationship he say he seems more negative costs could be too high for some economies to bear all right also hits low income households this is kind of like what i'm working with here this part right here y'all they're saying see that while they may generate income costs could exceed any advantages okay yeah this says what he said right here impact on lower income houses and they're regressive whatever that means i'm probably with you guys on c yep looks good to me all right you're doing good i like these i got bees all around for the next one let's see all right plus a blue ski respond to hampton hampton where's hampton at he's here hampton says all right okay all right so social media can have positive effects on people i don't know what social media key hampton uses but i don't believe him all right so you guys are all saying b say look at b acknowledge potential benefits but caution against relying on it too heavily i mean that that seems probably what he would say let's take a quick look so too much time again there's that there's that key phrase right there too much time so relying on it too heavily right excessive use i think you guys are right yep looks right to me so we're looking for some of those key differences or points of view in these different theories all right slightly different focus here more of a scientific text looks like everybody said b for this one as well you guys are all unanimous across the board here looks like for this uh so far so that's cool um all right so how would onuma respond to a subsequent ooh there's like a plot twist in this one how would enuma respond to a subsequent publication by kato claiming to have completely proven his theory using onuma's findings so all right this one's a little this one's got like inception layers here first of all so kato is saying i have proven my theory using your findings i'm i'm writing another publication so i want to i guess i need to figure out what enuma's findings were what did kato use so onuma let's see has found fossil evidence as far back as eight million years ago okay all right so we got fossil evidence which is what onuma found kato is saying that there's this period here there was continental drifted climate change during this which changed these populations so basically he's saying that continental drift and climate change from the movement during the myosin period okay all right so what i'm getting here is that this guy found fossil evidence eight million years ago and that could support this guy's theory of something that happened between 23 and five million years ago i kind of see an issue with that right which is probably the time the time might be an issue so let's take a look at this um you guys are all saying b to think is interesting um i'd like to hear some of your thoughts on this i don't know what why do you think b any input care to share yeah maybe he's got some audio anybody else tell me tell me everybody's marking b so i would love to hear from you why why you're right i'm seeing a lot of that so i like to hear your justifications i want to see your thought process i'll bet you michelle you didn't get to this one but what do you think shows a that then i realized that it's more like we be because in the first text it mentions like the move from russia to konshu in japan and the text to only supports partly supports the theory it would need to the evidence from russia to completely support it okay good yeah i i feel like this is the one that's like the bait right it's like the low hanging fruit like oh yeah thank you so much for using my research you're so great uh but then there's still some other things that are not figured out like because the the theory is that it went from russia to japan and we have proof of it in japan but we don't know like what exactly happened in russia so you're right like this origins in russia part is kind of a key piece of information here that i would think um again i can still use the vibe between these two texts to like get an idea right like clearly they're both studying the same thing they're not going to be like enemies they're not going to he's not going to be mad at the guy or like question the entire theory because he's been doing the like research too so i don't think he's going to be so negative so that would leave me between a and b now a seems really positive we also have to remember that like scientists are very objectively minded people like they wouldn't just blindly say hey yeah great job like they're always criticizing right so knowing that too i i feel like b is a smart answer this is what a scientist would say to another scientist who was like getting a little too excited all right looks like everybody at the bottom made it to a uh to five and said a how would heather adjust the main idea of edward gibbons texts main idea of this text the fall of rome was due to its own internal moral decay because of complacency and a lack of motivation all right everybody in rome got lazy is what he says all right peter heather uh says more sort of competition with outside kingdoms all right there's my answer i just need to pick an answer that does that moral decay was not the cause yep point to external forces yep persian germania yep okay a is the right answer if you get a if you get an easy lock like this where it's just duh a is the right answer don't even worry about b and c and d that was like perfect that was open and shut case easy peasy all right we're doing pretty good are there any questions so far got any got any doubts want me to review anything now's a good chance to say so all right if now let's take a little break then uh we've been going at it for a little over an hour now so uh let's take 10 minutes we'll come back here we got 407 we'll come back at 417 all right stay hydrated it's very hot today all right it's about to get back to it all right we're gonna do a little something something interesting let me uh let's get everybody back in here we'll we'll get everybody back in here in just a minute we got something a little different to do you know what it is if you guys can do your show of hands to let me know if you're back if not we can take another minute or two we'll see you my answers here all right cool i'm gonna i'm i'm putting a link into our chat for you see if you can uh just go to that link that i just put in the chat i'll put it in our what's up group two for a second should be able to get in there there we go hi juliana is in cool it's a little a little buzzer game you can do this on your phone too if you want might be useful we're gonna we're gonna just do a little bit of vocabulary practice here we're gonna see how we're doing on our vocabulary i'm gonna pull up some uh flash cards and we're gonna test your vocabulary knowledge so i want you to go into that link and then you'll be able to buzz in if you think you can explain what the word means um that's how it works basically we're just going to do a little bit of this just gonna keep us on our toes remember what i said about vocabulary guys like vocabulary is literally 30 of the grade on this test so like if there's one skill that you can practice more than any other skill to get a better score in the sat it is 100 vocabulary like if there's one thing you should be doing every day a little bit it's vocabulary practice like nothing will help you boost up your english score better i think um unless you're one of these people that just has an awesome dictionary in your head and you're like absolutely crushing every vocabulary word i'm willing to bet this is gonna help you out a little bit so all right we got francisco's in here mariana's in here michelle's in here sebastian's in here danza's in here and juliana's in here all right so let's let's do this kind of hypothetical here let's just do a test run let me let me share the screen here i just put up a new tab first all right i'm just i'm just showing you a new tab because uh we're gonna jump to it now if you think you know what this word means all right i want you to buzz in so you can tell us the word okay it's that simple it's that simple i'm gonna switch tabs you're gonna see the word if you know what it means you buzz in all right there it is there's the word there's the word if you think you know what that is buzz it in let's see let's see who gets there first i'm curious if this is working right let's find out nobody's buzzing in yet this is dangerous it's no but does nobody know what what the word means all right juliana juliana has buzzed in all right simple julie tell me what you think what it was this word mean is it like a plan already or something like that can you say that again plan like plan uh before him okay kind of planning something all right not quite anybody else other people can buzz in too you know it should still be open for everybody okay i can choose to lock it or not so all right an answer what do you think okay it can be there there's a word for that actually which is upcoming upcoming means something that will happen soon like an upcoming event or an upcoming concert upcoming party cladis i don't quite have a word sorry i clicked okay all right let's find out so forthcoming is a word that basically just means that you are like um like being proactive or like can be very honest can have a couple of those means like someone is forthcoming is someone who is like coming forward to do something right that's kind of the meaning of the word uh or coming forward to say something so like if the police were interrogating somebody they say we need you to be forthcoming you know we need you to be like actively telling us the truth or actively getting involved like we can't have you just be like sitting in the back think of it as coming forward to do something all right so that's that's that's a test run that was a test run all right i'm gonna i just reset the buzzers we're gonna we're gonna go ahead and bring up the next word all right this one should be pretty easy this should be a lot faster i would expect you all to know this one pretty pretty quick all right at all tell me what you think like getting like getting both is like uh getting into something and like actively doing things probably each one exactly it's getting involved getting you know being a participant in something there's other meanings of it like right here they're asking uh they're mentioning the adjective very complicated that's also another definition of this word but yes what you said i think is perfectly acceptable let's reset the buzzers all right this is a pretty easy one y'all should know what that is um i'm gonna challenge you on this one julie go ahead and tell me what you're gonna say first um it's like uh it's a fungi a type of fungi and like um it's eating okay correct you can cook it and stuff you can also use this word in english as an action what do you think it would mean if it was an action um to i don't know yeah yeah english is fun this way i like this about my language you could so you could almost make any a word into an action and so it actually helps to think of the shape of a mushroom if something mushrooms it's getting like bigger and out of control it's taking the shape of that mushroom like it actually is a verb that you can use i imagine this is just uh yep there oh they were looking for the verb here to grow or spread extremely quickly so they were actually looking for the that definition so yeah there's more to it than just the food that you can eat it's actually also like to to take that shape of a mushroom means something's getting like bigger or out of control yeah the more you know all right um next one i wonder how much you're pinging your internet really influences your performance in this game oh Clarice was quick on that one what do you got i mean retract if you say something and you retract it is that you do not like you do not mean it and like you withdraw i don't know yeah okay i think that's a good answer yeah to retract something like you said so to sort of take it back right say i don't i didn't mean to say that or i was incorrect or whatever um there's also like a more physical meaning to that as well like to retract something like it could be if you have a selfie stick you retract the selfie stick after you're done using it for example but i think that's what we got there yeah pull back what you say pull back physical objects that's all good all right buzzers reset next word oh all right this one's a little trickier there's a couple different meanings for this i don't lose quick on this one what do you got i think that for example a vessel is like a it's a type of container i think like where you can in the store i also think uh it's like vessels vessels are like part of it's a part of your body also i think that stores blow it's something that ah okay your first definition is a hundred percent correct you could refer to like a container kind of thing as a vessel something that could carry something um the other thing you're thinking about a blood vessels yeah um which is also true yes you have blood vessels in your body uh similar concept so yeah i think all those are good it also could refer to a ship but yes a container is generally what we're thinking of so nicely done all right this one to overlook these words can be a little tricky when you got like these combos of prepositions and verbs all right i'd love to hear quick on this one too what do you think uh overlook i think like this uh like not looking directly to something but for example uh is is if there are like uh publicity or billboard something like that and you like pass by you can overlooks like the billboard okay so i'm gonna i'm gonna say that your your answer is a little too literal like you're thinking about looking something over right like i looked over the magazine i looked over the advertisement i looked over the contract um there's this actually changes the meaning when you put the words in this order um and again more people feel free to buzz in after somebody else does if you want to like give it a shot or you know just to keep things interesting like i like talking to raldo and Clarice but there's like a whole bunch of other people here so don't be shy all right Clarice what do you think i mean for me overlook an idea or an opinion is to not take it into consideration uh there you go yeah good that's a good answer not take it into consideration like uh i see Sebastian you wrote me in the chat too good job i agree when you don't notice something you sort of miss it that's exactly what it is um to fail to notice like you you you kind of should have noticed it you messed up right that's kind of what it's saying there you messed up a little bit you overlooked that that issue so nice so yeah careful with those because like yeah in english it's totally normal to say oh i looked over the proposal and i love it and i'm ready to buy buy your service like preface go to come but like you if you overlook something it has the opposite meaning it means you didn't look at it at all you didn't consider it at all you actually missed it so yeah english is a messed up language with absolutely no problems whatsoever um let's do a couple more dismal i always like this word i like the way it sounds dismal just you know it sounds like what it means like in a way it's it transmits the feeling really well that word dismal but nobody knows what dismal means now that truly is dismal haha uh these little games bring out the language nerd in me so hard it's been so long since i've been able to make my corny cringy jokes at students all day every day it's been too many years since i've been in the classroom guys nobody knows what dismal means interesting okay all right okay guys guys okay nobody wants to take a shot let's take a look at this one um this is a negative adjective okay keep that in mind a lot of times it's good to just classify words as positive or negative for the purposes of the test this is a negative word dis kind of gives that away usually when we say dis it's something negative um mal go ahead and remember that mal spanish you know if that helps you dismal it's depressing hopeless very bad it's it's a bad time that's what the word dismal means is not is no bueno all right so yeah try to remember the mal maybe that'll help you remember all right grueling oh i like this word too it's a good word it's a nice anglo sax and og viking word like it kind of it's guttural does anyone know what grueling means these are words you should know these these say very hard words but for the sat these are all fair game you could totally get one of these words on one of your questions 100 percent nobody nothing all right all right let's check it out uh grueling grueling means something that is like really really difficult uh really really challenging really hard extremely difficult and tiring and yeah i would agree with that it's also tiring like it exhausts you you have like a grueling day where you got to do a bunch of stuff you know that would be like a good use of that word um they call it grueling races 150 kilometers in the summer heat that would be grueling indeed all right take notes of these words you don't know think about that you know if you're like oh i didn't know this word and by the way you can go to this link um margoosh i put this link in the slides uh when i mentioned vocabulary exercises um i think that's up here yeah we're literally using this link right here uh we're doing the same thing that i told you how to do so um if you're doing the practice you're going to see the results make sure you do the practice all right what's a mean to depress this one we should know i see i see nothing wrong with this plan come on you don't know what what depress means there's kind of two two meanings to this you know there's kind of like one that's more literal and one that's a little more figurative gladiose what do you think and are we talking about the verb of yeah yeah let's say that i mean when by saying or doing something you make someone feel kind of sad um dismal yeah okay good good connection to the previous word nicely done um yes you could use it as an action to say that this depresses me right like this is very depressing um i don't know like life is depressing right so yeah only this if you're not a little bit depressed i don't trust you so yeah depress you can use it as an action to describe some things um juliana what are you thinking on this one i thought it was like to reduce the level of strength of some activity okay yeah like there's also that physical sort of me like you could literally use this word to refer to like pushing something down in a physical sense as well as in that emotional sense you know um so like to depress a lever or i mean you wouldn't normally say depress a button but you you could you could kind of make sense um but yeah generally we we say press down cause to drop um and again if you understand that physical form there's likely that emotional form as well so just keep that in mind that like both kind of work um right i think that was pretty good for us uh let me do a reset we'll do two more let's see what you got oh catalyst one of my favorite newfound glory albums if you if you've never listened to newfound glory they're a real treat i don't know what do you think i i think of two meanings the first one the first one is for example uh something to like for the uh for example something to accelerate reaction something to that yeah i think is like a little meaning and also i think that sometimes that is just as a meaning of for example uh this event could happen but this person uh has a role of uh of a catalyst that made it made it happen much quicker okay yeah i think you're on the right track like something that sort of begins or accelerates a reaction right it's the catalyst it's like the key thing you need to get that reaction going um so that could be like a person and something they say it could be in a chemistry sense right like an accelerant or something that again causes a reaction to occur so something that starts or speeds up an event basically what i was saying all right nicely done i'll like it all right um savage savage so many uses one of my favorite rocket league quick chats you know you say savage in rocket league i you know even though it's very british i'm gonna mix it up here i want to hear juliana i didn't like something um um like so oh my god i lost a word that i was gonna say like something um extreme extreme okay could be like that could be used as like uh sort of impactful words something really extreme um like wow that was savage like an exclamation um please um wild curfew and dangerous okay that could be good too wild carefree maybe even a little dangerous like the amazon is savage in a very in like the most literal sense of the word alonso any other ideas uh yeah mostly the center of glories something like uh wild uh probably pretty dangerous probably uh it doesn't take care like it doesn't care of what they do is give it that okay good yeah yeah so that's in throughout that it could almost be used instead of crazy like yeah you could you could sort of say that like this person like especially if you're using crazy as like that expletive or exclamation like you're in shock right that was savage that was crazy that was insane like if you're using it in that sense it totally works yeah um got a lot of different meanings generally generally we think of it like in this case right kind of wild like wild animals savage animal maybe dangerous you know violent out of control like what you were saying I don't look like not caring about what you're doing like I think all of us touched on those different ideas definitely I feel like it's used mostly in the context of animals uh and historically in the context of colonizing people because they would refer to the uncivilized people as savages and that was justification for committing horrible offenses against those people but that's the past you know we don't use it so much for that anymore but generally yeah you would use it in the context of like a wild animal that's maybe a little bit violent or dangerous or something and to be clear there is a difference between a wild animal and a savage animal if I say something is wild it just means it's not domesticated it's just another an animal outside but like if it's a savage animal like it's probably attacking something or like you know posing some kind of threat to things so yeah all right good I would encourage you to get in there and do that like go under that website go and like look at the you know look at the words do the different lists you could make an account there and it will remember your position and of course take all your data but like that's the cost of doing business today people uh so yeah you can go in there and it will remember which ones you did you did well which ones you didn't do well and then it'll repeat the ones that you made mistakes on so like good idea for you to do those and just practice with those flashcard decks because like again vocabulary is 30% of your grade if you really want to get like high scores on the SAT you got to beef up your vocabulary that's a big part of it all right so we're going to wrap up with another kind of question today we're going to talk about these sentence function questions real quick I think these are pretty easy and I have seen a lot more of them on the easy module so I don't think that we're going to need to spend a lot of time on these but I did want to you know just look at it a little bit with you today so we're going to talk about these sentence function questions for identifying these there are a couple things you can do so that you can quickly determine what you're dealing with keep an eye out for the words purpose or function you're going to see those words a lot when you you know get these questions it'll usually be like what is the purpose of the third sentence or what is the function of the second sentence it'll be something along those lines and another thing you're going to see is that the part of the text is underlined which is not normal these are the only questions that do that so that will help you as well the strategy for these is pretty simple remember we always want to do the same strategy when we start I say it every week you want to start with the question right identify the type of question which is why we always talk about this right we always want to know what kind of question we're dealing with right and then I want to read what I need and extract that information and answer my question now what do you need to read in a sentence function situation a little bit more than you do in other parts like you got to read that underline sentence and then I would say read the sentence before and after because in order to understand the purpose of a sentence you got to know what's around it like maybe the purpose of the sentence is to provide an example that would make sense if the previous pair previous sentence gives like an explanation of a concept or something or makes a statement statement support you know that's pretty common so I might be you know doing that maybe the sentence is explaining who believes this idea and it's dropping like names of doctors and philosophers and stuff and giving you that idea that like oh this is a really credible thing so it's trying to like convince you right so I want to look at what's going on around this sentence so that I can fully understand it so let's take a look at an example so this is exactly what you're going to see on the test you're going to see this paragraph on the left with underlined text so that is how I know immediately that this is a sentence function case and I can see the question says which choice best describes the function of the sentence seconds but as soon as I see the underlined lines I know this is a sentence function question I just want to know why is that sentence there what is the purpose of that sentence what is it doing what does it accomplish all right so what I'm gonna do here again I see the keywords I see the structure of the text I go all right I gotta look at this all right they're less confident however about when this will happen I don't know what this is I'm gonna need to go back and I'm also gonna need to read forward which in this case means the whole freaking paragraph but let's just go to the start and work our way back so the star beetle juice will eventually consume all the helium and explode but they're less confident about when this will happen all right so there's a star that wants to explode we know that that will happen but we don't know when these people recently investigated to see if we could determine the internal state but concluded that it could not sufficiently reveal the internal characteristics in other words we don't know text me your answer is in the chat should be pretty easy to figure this one out like so explains the work of others received by others no there's no others involved presents the central finding no because it presents something they're trying to find which is how I can tell you right away at sea it's it identifies the problem right like the problem is when will this happen and that's what we're trying to solve it doesn't describe limitations of a method yeah now again you might be able to just look at the answers and sort of eliminate the others and choose the right one I find it's really fast to just look at this very quickly again I'm not reading every single word and trying to understand every single detail I'm just looking at the key words and like I see beetle juice will eventually explode cool but we don't know when and they investigate whether they could do this thing to do to figure that out but they could not okay just try to simplify a limitation of the method I don't see any limitations of any methods in that underlined part I don't see any methods I understand that there is a limitation in what they know because it says that it depends on internal characteristics of beetle juice that are unknown like that is a limitation but not to the method because the method is explained later so in that sentence that D would not be correct even though D is present in this text it's not underlined here so make sure you're always focusing on that underlined portion this is the part that ultimately is going to tell us what to do right here so make sure you focus on that you can still read around it to understand what we're talking about like again I see this because I see this I know I got to read before so I'm going to read a little more and understand okay we're talking about this is when this star will explode and they tried to figure it out and couldn't and I see really quickly that C identifies a problem and they couldn't solve it and that's exactly what the whole paragraph says so lovely now that's basically how these sentence function ones work and I'm going to hit you with a little stack of them all right real quick a little exercise for some of these so sentence function all right just send it to what's up and I'm going to send it to everybody here too in the zoom again just nice quicky five questions I'll give you five minutes we'll check them out everybody should have those so I'm setting the timer for five minutes we're going to start and then as soon as you have your answers send her to me in the chat all right we're going to check these how much time has left three minutes and 20 seconds all right we got two minutes and 20 seconds already getting some answers in push yourselves to go faster if you can as much as you can that's the the name of the game is speed here the faster we get the better we're going to do there we go here come some more when we have some different answers love it I got Francisco's I got Michelle's I got a lot of those let's get some more these are the kind of questions that you should be able to answer fairly quickly so that you have more time on some of the other parts like if we're dealing with these function of a sentence questions these are supposed to be a little easier I noticed more of these on the easy module and I didn't see like any of them on the hard module so I think they consider these pretty easy questions so we definitely want to try to answer quickly on these and not use just all the time all right I got Sebastian I got Julian I got Clarice cool the theory is holding up it looks like you're doing these pretty fast you got one minute you should definitely have these done in a minute then we'll check them out then we're done for the day it's going to be good we got a lot more stuff that I'm putting into the folder and I'm going to leave a little bit more homework this week but we got a lot of material coming down the pipe I'm going to have I'm going to put together some like full practice tests for you guys like with our material with all the stuff we're not using for like these exercises we're going to make like super awesome practice tests so those are going to be coming out soon all right I got it and says now to time or what say you I got 20 seconds on the clock let's go we have some disagreements I like those all right I'm killing the timer okay timer done all right so yeah that was a full five minutes change so again I think these are the kinds of questions we should be trying to answer in less time than that so that we can buy more time for the more difficult stuff keep that in mind like the faster you can answer the easy stuff the more time you have for the hard stuff the better your score so that's how we want to do things let's take a look starting with that first one it looks like a lot of people agree on the first one a I see a couple C's in here though too all right again I can also just try to look at this real quick and see if it matches up with anything here example Benjamin Franklin's contributions to electricity research I I see here that they say that this was like when they were beginning to understand and that makes sense and and some of the things he figured out I'm not going to read the whole rest of this paragraph I just want to read a little bit before and after so I understand Ben Franklin was a pioneer he's kind of one of the first guys to look at electricity and then he got put in the hundred dollar bill so I mean this makes sense contributions to electricity research yeah I mean he did experiments and he created hypotheses that seems like a pretty good answer modern day applications no uh light bulbs and all this stuff no it doesn't say anything about those it doesn't like say those things like if it said oh the light bulb you have Benjamin Franklin to thank for the light bulb then I would say C but no it's not so yeah it's it's definitely a that's a that's a clear cut answer for me all right number two everybody said D looks like you're on agreement let's take a look fourth sentence here all right it's giving us a deeper explanation of this idea that currency devaluation may lead to consumers demanding more foreign currencies which makes things more expensive which is essentially what happens in Peru when the soul goes bad people want more dollars which makes the soul get worse which makes prices more expensive because we have to import crap you always say and it provides an example of how currency deflation can lead to inflation I would agree and the key thing to keep an eye on here is that this does not say the word inflation it says price increases okay that's but that's inflation that's essentially what it is they kind of define that up here right prices of goods and services to rise inflation so sometimes they're not going to use the exact word but I think you're all right good job all right this is the one where I see the most divergence I see a 50-50 split some people said a some people said see we have we have a little civil war here over these two let's take a look all right his writing laid out the concept of class struggle between those who own capital bourgeoisie and working classes proletariat some of you say defines terms some of you say explains marx concept of the conflict between two classes good I wanted to trick people here I have succeeded I am the master of tricks all right I want to hear reasons Julianne speak for me why see tell me something good I was between a ANC the I didn't see the two concepts later on the text so what he chose see okay sound logic I don't know you said hey why did you say hey yeah I was also between a and c I probably think now that it was c because I don't think that the terms like proletarian and that capitalist burgers are like shown many many aren't show further in the text but in that moment I chose a because I see like explaining what what the people who own the capital war and who are working just what's called so I like connected that to defining a term but like for the rest of the test I if I will have read the rest of the text I will probably have to see okay good I think you both explained it really well guys thank you for your openness let's let's just run back that idea again because I saw a lot of people would see a lot of people today if you're between two okay if you feel like you got two good answers then try to confirm that answer okay try to do something else to confirm it and I can confirm c within the same lines concept of class struggle conflict between two classes like I can confirm it without even leaving this area so that's a good point in C's favor to confirm a I would have to say okay what are the terms bourgeoisie and proletariat clearly right and then I would have to say okay for understanding the rest of the paragraph so all I would have to do is look down this paragraph and be like do I see these words ever again and I'm just scanning really fast and I I see Marxist Leninist Cuba Vietnam communist socialism I don't see these words ever again so they're not important for understanding the rest of the paragraph so a is incorrect it does define terms but those terms are not important for understanding the rest of the paragraph C is definitely the best answer yep so careful with those like I again I want to make sure I can confirm my answer with hard evidence from the text and in this in this case if I can get that evidence from the very lines that are underlined that is the best answer that's going to be the best answer every time all right so number four looks like most people said B there were there's an A in there too okay let's take a look um four cents all right there's a there's a ugly long sentence this sentence is like disgusting so big please don't ever do that uh okay but provides healthcare access strengthening existing healthcare amendments negotiations all right um I have a few different choices here let's see between A and B since that's what you guys are looking at I think B is better specific examples of policy proposals that is all this from this point forward it says she proposes right like all of this matches with this now A how she has opposed republicans she has pushed hard against republican attempts so careful with this too maybe the first part of this sentence matches with this and it's tempting right you're like oh yeah she pushed hard against republican attempts but also look at what it is it's you know instead she proposes it's it's not saying like how she's resisted what they've done to repeal it like she these are these have nothing to do with repealing Obamacare she this part here is related to this but it doesn't describe how it just says she did resist it she pushed hard but it doesn't tell me how so all these things are things that she would like to do but they don't necessarily oppose this they're not the same thing so you want to be careful with that one uh so yeah B B is right all right and it looks like everybody said A at the end it looks like we're in unanimous agreement that A would be the right one to remind readers that D-Day was a costly victory okay cool um that I think is the best answer because here you go some cremabows this victory may have been it came with a heavy price over 4400 allied troops were killed during D-Day many more suffered injuries when missing an action seems like a pretty good answer to me to say remind readers that D-Day was a costly victory costly price I don't think I need to read more because I I have enough information here to make that judgment um I mean they tell me a little bit more about the the operation here and they tell me a little bit more about you know those people that made the sacrifice but okay yeah A would be good I'm with you guys on this one any questions any thoughts all right if not then let me tell you what we got going on um so please again if you did not do a practice test make sure you do a practice test and send me your results please I would love to see those and see how we're doing with this that's really important for me um the other thing I want to leave you with a little bit of homework that I'm going to send to the group uh we're going to I'm going to send you another set of literary comprehension questions I'm also going to send you some more supporting claims because I want to see how you're doing with those I thought you did well with those today but I want to make sure we're still doing well because I've seen a lot of those on the hard modules so we need to make sure we can handle those um so I'm going to send you some literary comprehension some supporting claims and a little bit more note taking we did that one note taking exercise together while I was in Spain um but I have a few more that I would like you to try just to see that we're doing well because I noticed we had a couple mistakes when we did those so I'm going to send those out to you today and that's it all right we have a couple more classes we've almost seen every single kind of question there's one more that we have to see and then like the last class we're going to practice them all and put it all together all right so that's the plan thank you all for being here today if you have any questions feel free to stick around if not have a good day I'll see you next week on Monday thanks Andrew you're welcome all right and then they were gone cool thank you for checking this out um I have already done one other live stream here and I'm going to do more of these in the future uh I also have added more material to the folders so if you watch this video thank you for being here I hope this class has been helpful please feel free to leave comments and ask if you need help with anything like if there's something you don't understand I would love to hear from you um so yeah please thank you recording stopped


Hi everybody, Joe for jaskiescasebreaks.com coming at you with 2021 panini prestige football hangar box break number 28 last one we got to do to give away the final 10 Immaculate football spots that two box break coming up in a separate video next video big Thank you to everybody here rallying around this break appreciate it Troll it randomized names and teams four and a one five times one two three Four and oh one fifth and final time And of course we'll use a different dice roll for the For the giveaway part at the end as always four and a one five times for the teams one two three four And oh one fifth and final time All right, so there's the first half of the list right here And there's the second half of the list right over here. All right, let's Print this out. Let's pop open that hanger box See if we can get any surprises out there But really the whole point of this of course as you know by now There's those immaculate spots that were given away. Let's clean up that title there All right. Good luck. Where does Devonte Adams end up? Maybe maybe with this guy Old college teammates as a Raiders fan. I would I would not mind that at all There's to 249. There's Devonte Parker early indication seems to suggest that New Raiders head coach Josh McDaniels is going to hang on to Derek Carr Unless That guy comes into play So we'll see it. It'll be a wild off season. I'm sure all right, so nothing terribly crazy there, but Let's give away those immaculate spots. That's that's what's going to be crazy. That's the that's a hit in and of itself Let's gather everybody's names again new dice new list And let's roll it and randomize names two and a five lucky seven times top ten after seven one two three and seventh and final time so after seven from 11 on down Sorry, Thomas and everybody else will get him next time But thanks everybody for giving this a shot Congrats to Raymond Jeremy Barry Jeff Terry Fred Jeff Jeremy David and Jose Congrats to the top 10 here. You are in that next two box break. We'll see you for that in the next video Jasper's case breaks.com


Now let's just have a look at commutivity. Now remember what I said It's not part of the definition of groups, but you might find that in some groups Some elements or elements to commute. So let's just look at that. So that'll be a special kind of group It's definitely not true for groups in general. So we have this statement We're going to let ab equals ba for all ab elements of some group under multiplication group g under multiplication and we say if this is true If this is true show that the inverses of a and b also commute So the proof for this actually would be just very easy. We are given let's we can write that that's given The fact that ab equals ba And what can we do? Well, let's start bringing things Let's start bringing things this way. So I can put a b inverse on that side.   So a inverse b inverse a Equals I've got a b inverse there which makes us ease. I've got a b inverse on this side Eventually at the end I'll take an a inverse on both sides. So I have a inverse b inverse equals b inverse a inverse So as simple as that as simple as that. So if we do have this commutative Property of commutivity for this very special group Then the inverses of these two will also commute So in this instance, let's have a look same thing is holding here I'm saying that there is in the special group of mind g. This is this commutivity Just show that ab and a would commute Well, it's given it's definitely given that ab equals ba And I can just put an a on a on both sides at the front. So a and ab equals a and ba and all I have to do now this is a group. So I do have this is this Associativity So I can say that these two and those two and then behold a and ab commute because I have a and ab equals ab and a So that's an easy one Still with this very special group of mine. Let's just show that a squared and b would commute So we're going to say given ab equals ba I can Put a in the front. So I'll have ab ab equals ab a and We know that ab equals ba. So I can say a squared b equals ba a Associativity there ab ab is ba so I can swap those two rounds So I have the fact that a squared b equals ba squared and they commute as well So let's have a look at this one. It's slightly more interesting I want you need to now show that a squared and b squared commute So given that ab equals ba I can say that a squared b Oh ba equals aba It's putting an a in the front. Let's put a b in the back. I have a squared b squared equals ab ab Not exactly what I want, but we can do association ab equals ba So that is going to be ba ba with another a squared b And we've just shown that that b squared and a squared that a squared and b squared commute So those two commute we've just shown that so we're going to have that b squared a squared as I Turn those two around. So I have a squared b squared equals b squared a squared Okay, we've added another special one And we've added x there. So ab and x are element of this very special group and I still have this The property for this special group that we do have this commutivity and I'm asked to do that so given You have to think about this one a bit And of course, you've got to be got to be slightly creative. Let's have ab x inverse and Let's have that And Do exactly the same on this side ab x inverse. So I'm not using a special property here. What is what is there is exactly there? Nothing nothing different. I do know though that ab x inverse that equals x sociativity ba x inverse And now I can just bring in my identity and I know that x x inverse Equals the identity element because this is a group And so let's just bring e in I'm going to bring e in right there in this form. So I'm going to have x It's not square there. I don't know why I have that there and anyway x a let's have x inverse x which is this e b x inverse and that's going to be x and I'm going to bring e in right there So I'm going to have x Let's see. We're going to have x of b x inverse x a x inverse and now I'm just going to use a sociativity There and there so in other words x a x inverse That's one and x b x inverse that is going to be x b x inverse x a x inverse And we see that they commute so just a little bit of creativity And you don't you might just get it the first time except if they if they're quite easy And of course if you're terribly smart But sit around and play with them and it doesn't take too long if you use a bit of Creativity and you play around and these are actually quite a bit of fun to do


In this module of oxygen delivery system we will talk about the air flow rate. As we have seen in our previous module that the air current and the air flow inside the mentor is very critical. So, while calculating the kinetic parameters of the fermentation process the supply of the air is very very critical because the supply of the air that indirectly depend upon the supply of the oxygen to the organism. If the organism is highly aerobic and then that how effect on the growth parameters. So, we have to determine that what is the flow rate. So, as concern this the air flow rate is typically reported in term of the volume per volume per minute mean VVM. The first V is the volume of the air supplied to the how much volume of the and the second V is the volume of the fermentation medium and M is the time in minute. So, if we want to calculate the flow rate in mean in term of VVM. So, the volumetric air flow rate that how much litter of the air is supplied with unit time to the fermentor and then is a liquid volume that how much is the liquid volume in litter. So, both in both case litter over litter. So, note that as concern the unit. So, that is mostly L, L and M mean per litter per litter per minute mean how much litter of the air supplied to the how much litter of the fermentation media in one minute. So, if we want to calculate if we just an example if we supply a 5 litter air to the 5 litter medium in a 1 minute then the air flow will be 5 over 5 mean 1 L L M 1 VVM. So, that is why by this way we can calculate the flow rate in fermentation medium. So, in this slide you can see that F is the F A is the flow rate of the air A is specified to that and VL V is the volume of L mean liquid and fermentation liquid. So, the ratio between F A to F VL that is basically comes in term of VVM. So, by this term we can easily calculate the flow rate. So, if we know the flow rate into that and then we know the composition of that. So, oxygen delivery system also having coupled with oxygen probe. So, oxygen probe that sense the amount of the oxygen that is in the form of dissolved that is meant by dissolved oxygen. So, the oxygen probe sense the presence of the oxygen inside the medium. So, if we want to control that dissolved oxygen in some cases then that can be controlled by two method either by the increase of the flow rate or with increase the agitation. So, different modern fermenters have coupled with the systems of cascade. So, we can maintain the dissolved oxygen by this increasing the or decreasing of the flow rate or by increasing or decreasing the impeller speed. So, by using the cascade system we can control the dissolved oxygen in any fermentation process or that is very critical. If we can maintain the dissolved oxygen which is very complex and difficult because as the fermentation process proceed increase in the number of the cells and then there is a more demand of the oxygen. So, when there is a more demand we will discuss in detail in the next chapter of aeration and agitation. Then we balance that how much oxygen is needed to respire the one glucose one mole of the glucose.